Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 10185 3987286 3787885 2026-09-11T10:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Sigismundus Freud''', vulgo plene ''Sigismund Schlomo Freud,'' saepius ''Sigmund Freud'' (1856-1939) fuit [[neurologia|neurologus]], [[psychologia|psychologus]], atque [[inventor]] [[psychoanalysis|artis psychoanalyticae]]. Sigismundus Freud natus est in [[Příbor]] in [[Moravia]] (tunc in [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Imperii Austrohungarici]] [[regio]]ne) die [[6 Maii]] [[1856]] in [[familia]] [[Iudaei|Iudaica]], [[pater|patre]] Kallamon Iacobo Freud [[mercator]]e; qui mox [[mulier]]em [[filius|filiumque]] (annum quintum agentem) [[Vindobona]]m duxit. Ibi anno [[1873]] Sigismundus in facultatem [[medicina|medicam]] [[Universitas Vindobonensis|Universitatis Vindobonensis]] immatriculatus est, professoribus [[Carolus Fridericus Gulielmus Claus|Carolo Claus]] [[zoologus|zoologo]], [[Franciscus Brentano|Francisco Brentano]] [[philosophus|philosopho]], [[Ernestus de Brücke|Ernesto de Brücke]] [[physiologia|physiologo]], et aliis. == Curriculum scientificum == [[Fasciculus:Sigmund Freud as a child with his father.jpg|thumb|Sigismundus Freud annum nonum agens cum patre lucis ope pictus]] Initiavit cursum cum eius interesset uti [[Hypnosis|hypnosi]] ad curandos infirmos. Serius, quamquam in cura servavit varios adspectus huius artis, hypnosim suffecit libera associatione et explicatis [[Somnium|somniis]] ut augeret, quae hodie "[[cura loquax]]" ([[Anglice]]: ''talking cure'') vocatur. Quaecumque fecit versa sunt in '[[Psychanalysis|psychanalysin]]' (mentis explicatione). Cura Freudiana ad id pertinebat, quod olim vocabatur [[hysteria]] (hodie perturbatio conversionis) et ad [[Neurosis|neurosim]]: nunc [[psychiatria]] appellat has infirmitates aliis nominibus: affectiones psychosomaticae ([[corpus|corporis]] et [[anima]]e) neurosis, et [[psychosis]]. Doctrinae Sigismundi Freudi et cura data infirmis patientibus causae fuere [[Vindobona]]e agitationis maximae in initio saeculi et disputatio de his notionibus hodie perdurat. Doctrinae eius saepe obiurgantur et disceptantur, atque eius opus dicitur etiam in [[litterae|litteris]] aut in cultu inesse. Praeterea, multi disputant psychoanalysisne vel curae sociae in campo scientiae sitae sint. Opiniones variae de Freudo possunt resumi in haec exempla: modo discipuli proclamant eum esse magnum hominem scientiae qui detegat maximo momento veritates de animo humano, modo persecutores fantur eum quidem esse philosophum providentem qui naturam humanam refundaverit et adiuverit nos delere "tabues," tamen doctrinae, quae habentur scientia, in minutis inspectae fallant. In porticu aulae (theodisce ''Arkadenhof'') universitatis Vindobonensis die 4. Februarii 1955 in honorem doctoris Freud monumentum erectum est. Sub imitatione imaginis eius a David Paul Königsberger fictae in basi anni Freudii denotati sunt ibi docentis (1885-1934). Merita moresque eius inscriptione praedicantur, cuius textus, ad [[Complexus Oedipodis|complexum Oedipodis]] alludens, finem tragoediae [[Sophocles|Sophocleae]] [[Oedipus rex]] repetit hisce verbis: "ὃς tὰ κλείν' αἰνίγματ' ᾒδει καὶ κράτιστος ἦν ἂνήρ" ('qui haec famosa aenigmata explanavit et vere bonus fuit vir.')<ref>Sophocles, ''Oedipus rex'' 1525.</ref> ==Scripta selecta== [[Fasciculus:Hall Freud Jung in front of Clark 1909.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Psychoanalystae sex anno [[1909]] iuxta [[Universitas Clark|Universitatem Clark]] picti. Sedentes a sinistra Sigismundus Freud, [[Granville Stanley Hall|G. Stanley Hall]], [[Carolus Jung]]; stantes, [[Abraham Arden Brill|A. A. Brill]], [[Ernestus Jones]], [[Alexander Ferenczi]]]] [[Fasciculus:Freud and other psychoanalysts 1922.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Psychoanalystae septem anno [[1922]] picti. Sedentes a sinistra Sigismundus Freud, [[Alexander Ferenczi]], [[Ioannes Sachs]]; stantes, [[Otto Rank]], [[Carolus Abraham]], [[Maximilianus Eitingon|Max Eitingon]], [[Ernestus Jones]].]] * 1884 : "Ueber [[Cocainum|Coca]]" in ''Centralblatt für die gesammte Therapie'' vol. 2 pp. 289-314 [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit29488 Textus] [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library/data/lit30031? supplementum] * 1895 (cum [[Iosephus Breuer|Iosepho Breuer]]) : ''[[Studien über Hysterie]]'' * 1899 : ''[[Die Traumdeutung]]'' * 1904 : ''[[Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens]]'' * 1905 : ''[[Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie]]'' * 1905 : ''[[Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewußten]]'' * 1907 : ''[[Der Wahn und die Träume in W. Jensens Gradiva]]'' * 1908 : ''[[Die "kulturelle" Sexualmoral und die moderne Nervosität]]'' * 1909 : ''[[Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose]]'' * 1910 : ''[[Über Psychoanalyse]]'' * 1910 : ''[[Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci]]'' * 1913 : ''[[Totem und Tabu]]'' * 1914 : ''[[Zur Einführung des Narzißmus]]'' * 1914 : ''[[Zur Geschichte der psychoanalytischen Bewegung]]'' * 1915 : ''[[Zeitgemäßes über Krieg und Tod]]'' * 1917 : ''[[Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse]]'' * 1917 : ''[[Trauer und Melancholie]]'' * 1919 : ''[[Das Unheimliche]]'' * 1920 : ''[[Jenseits des Lustprinzips]]'' * 1921 : ''[[Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse]]'' * 1923 : ''[[Das Ich und das Es]]'' * 1926 : ''[[Die Frage der Laienanalyse]]'' * 1927 : ''[[Die Zukunft einer Illusion]]'' * 1930 : ''[[Das Unbehagen in der Kultur]]'' * 1939 : ''[[Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion]]'' == Notae == <references/> ==Bibliographia== [[Fasciculus:Sigmund Freud 1926.jpg|thumb|Sigismundus Freud a photographo Austriaco [[Ferdinandus Schmutzer|Ferdinando Schmutzer]] anno [[1926]] pictus]] ;Scripta selecta et collecta * Heinrich Meng, Ernst R. Freud, edd. Eric Mosbacher, interpr. [[1964]]. ''Psychoanalysis and faith: the letters of Sigmund Freud and Oskar Pfister''. Novi Eboraci: Basic Books. [http://archive.org/details/psychoanalysisfa00freu Versio Anglica apud archive.org] ;Libri amicorum * [[Ioannes Sachs|Hanns Sachs]], ed. [[1926]]. Sigm. Freud zum 70. Geburtstag. ''Imago'' 12: fasc. 2-3. [http://archive.org/details/Imago_1926_XII_Heft_2_3_k Textus apud archive.org]. * Roazen, Paul. [[1998]]. ''Mes rencontres avec la famille de Freud.'' Lutetiae: Seuil. ISBN 2-02-018397-8. ;Biographica * Anzieu, Didier. [[1998]]. ''L'Auto-analyse de Freud et la découverte de la psychanalyse.'' Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-042084-2. * Breger, Louis. [[2000]]. ''Freud: Darkness in the Midst of Vision.'' Novi Eboraci: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-07858-6. * Gay, Peter. [[1988]]. ''Freud: A Life for Our Time.'' Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. * Huber, Gérard. [[2009]]. ''Si c’était Freud: Biographie psychanalytique.'' Le Bord de l'Eau. ISBN 978-2-35687-041-4. * [[Ernestus Jones|Jones, Ernest]]. 1953–1958. ''The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud.'' 3 voll. * Jones, Ernest. [[1956]]. ''Sigmund Freud; four centenary addresses''. Novi Eboraci: Basic Books. [http://archive.org/details/sigmundfreudfour00jone textus apud archive.org] * de Mijolla, Alain. [[2003]]. ''Freud, fragments d'une histoire. Qui êtes-vous Sigmund Freud?'' Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-053360-4. * Puner, Helen Walker. [[1947]]. ''Freud: His Life and His Mind.'' * Rieff, Philip. [[1960]]. ''Freud: The Mind of the Moralist.'' Victor Gollancz. * Robert, Marthe. [[2002]]. ''La Révolution psychanalytique: La vie et l'œuvre de Freud.'' Lutetiae: Payot, coll. «Petite Bibliothèque Payot.» ISBN 2-228-89670-5. * Sulloway, Frank. [[1979]]. ''Freud: Biologist of the Mind.'' ; Specialia * Bourdin, Dominique. [[2007]]. ''La psychanalyse de Freud à aujourd'hui: Histoire, concepts, pratique.'' Éditions Bréal. ISBN 9782749507460 * Sander L. Gilman, Jutta Birmele, Jay Geller, Valerie D. Greenberg, edd. [[1994]]. ''Reading Freud's Reading''. Novi Eboraci: New York University Press. {{Google Books|xVytX-gaKVEC|Paginae selectae}} * Haynal, André, Paul Roazen, et Ernst Falzeder. [[2005]]. ''Dans les secrets de la psychanalyse.'' Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-055300-1 * [[Abraham Kardiner|Kardiner, Abram]], Edward Preble. [[1961]]. "Sigmund Freud: ''Chimney Sweeping.''" In ''They Studied Man.'' Ediderunt Abram Kardiner et Edward Preble, 224–239. Clevelandiae et Novi Eboraci: World Publishing Company. * Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff. [[2003]]. ''The Assault on Truth: Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory.'' Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-45279-8. * Quinodoz, Jean-Michel. [[2004]]. ''Lire Freud. Découverte chronologique de l'œuvre de Freud.'' Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-053423-6. * Harry Trosman, Roger Dennis Simmons. [[1973]]. The Freud Library. ''Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association'' 21:646-687. {{NexInt}} * [[Complexus Oedipodis]] * [[Iacobus Lacan]] * [[Libido]] * [[Psychologia religionis]] * [[4342 Freud]] {{Pars vicificanda}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sigmund Freud|Sigismundum Freud}} * {{DNB-Portal|118535315}} * [http://publicliterature.org/books/dream_psychology/xaa.php ''Dream Psychology,''] publicliterature.org * [http://essays.quotidiana.org/freud Conatus Freudiani,] essays.quotidiana.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170101102129/http://www.freudarchives.org/ Archivum Freudianum in Bibliotheca Congressus,] www.freudarchives.org * [http://www.freud.org.uk/ Freud Museum, Maresfield Gardens, Londinii,] www.freud.org.uk * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061010191403/http://www.psychiatrie-und-ethik.de/infc/1_gesamt_en.html International Network of Freud Critics,] www.psychiatrie-und-ethik.de * [http://www.ipa.org.uk/ International Psychoanalytical Association], a Freud anno 1910 condita, www.ipa.org.uk * [http://www.bartleby.com/people/Freud.html Sigmund Freud Collection,] (15 opera Anglice edita), www.bartleby.com * [[wikilivres:Sigmund Freud|Opera Sigismundi Freud]] dominio publico in Canada divulgata * {{gutenberg author| id=Sigmund+Freud | name=Sigmund Freud}} * [http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&author=Sigmund+Freud&action=Search Works by Sigmund Freud] in audio format apud [[LibriVox]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{Lifetime|1856|1939|Freud, Sigismundus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Vindobonensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Vindobonensis]] [[Categoria:Atheistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Iudaei]] [[Categoria:Medici Austriae]] [[Categoria:Psychologi Austriae]] [[Categoria:Sigismundus Freud|!]] [[Categoria:Socii externi Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Psychiatri Austriae]] [[Categoria:Psychanalystae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Austriae]] azwmlp10goa64ewz6hjhf2exc3lofbk 3 13667 3987154 3982102 2026-09-10T16:00:27Z Grufo 64423 /* De vetere formula {{Creanda}} */ Nova pars 3987154 wikitext text/x-wiki *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2006]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2007]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2008]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2009]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2010]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2011]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2012]] *[[Usor:IacobusAmor/Disputata anni 2013]] ==Categoriae urbium== I asked UVbot to move a couple. I mention them to you because you happen to have created them: [[:Categoria:Philadelphia Pennsilvaniae]] and [[:Categoria:Concordia Massachusettae]]. In pagenames and categories for US cities (others too, usually) we choose "Name (State)" so I thought it best for these to match the others. Hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:40, 1 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) :OK. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:11, 22 Septembris 2025 (UTC) ==... et poetarum== You've adumbrated four "Poetae formalistici" and two "Poetae formalistae". Since there are six, it's more efficient to create the category than delete the redlinks, but please tell me which form of words you prefer! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:33, 8 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) :The agent-noun derived in recent times from newly coined words ending in ''-ismus'' commonly (but not exclusively) ends in ''-ista,'' and ''poeta formalista'' ('formalist-poet') might work as a double noun, much like ''participant-observer,'' a term of art in anthropology. Consistency is to be effected in such words whenever possible, but which pattern is best remains unclear. For yet another option (with faults of its own), see the hidden code in the basic article on the subject of new formalism in poetry: [[Novus Formalismus]]. (Whether to capitalize the names of movements is a topic about which people will no doubt have opinions.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:31, 9 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) ::OK, thanks for your reply. Let's try "Poetae formalistae", since it's shorter, and see if anyone disagrees. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:43, 9 Ianuarii 2014 (UTC) == ... et sagarum == You had probably forgotten the discussion at [[Disputatio:Iudicia de magia apud Salem acta]]. Because of this, while merging your page with the existing one, I also changed the categories. I don't think we ought to say that these ladies were witches, though some people certainly thought they were! For the present, there is no longer a separate category corresponding to "Salem witch trials" -- just a couple of more general categories, [[:Categoria:Iudicia de magia]] and [[:Categoria:De magia quaesiti]] (I hope that name works ...) -- but a more specific category [[:Categoria:Iudicia de magia Salemensia]] (for example) would meet the POV objection and could surely be created if you care to do so. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:47, 18 Februarii 2014 (UTC) == Welcome back Kotter == It's nice to see you back. I realize I still have far to go with latin but I would appreciate if you would hint a bit more to what would be wrong with the article.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:58, 1 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) == Adventures == I am appreciative of this page. I hope you don't mind if I peek and will make the necessary changes --slowly--? Thanks.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:20, 2 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) ==Portmanteau, a kind of , jeepney== Thanks for your corrections to Jeepney and your inputs about 'a kind of'. Portmanteau is great word to know but we can't use that word in Latin don't you think? Besides, in many current English dictionaries, it is a kind of travelling bag.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:34, 9 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) ==[[Candela canens]]== I like your candela canens article! I still am bothered a bit about how to translate feedback, which is a powerful concept.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:02, 3 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Maybe something related to ''responsum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:12, 6 Maii 2014 (UTC) ::The Romance languages suggest ''retroactio'', ''retroalimentatio'', ''realimentatio''. ''Retroago'' is an attested classical word, so ''retroactio'' might be possible as a <nowiki>{{convertimus}}</nowiki>. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 7 Maii 2014 (UTC) :::I would like very much to suggest retroalimentation. The others seem like 'drive/push back'.Btw I can hardly do wiki these days because of my job.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:17, 21 Maii 2014 (UTC) ::::The concept has nothing to do with food. Since 11:03, 25 Martii 2017, the lemma has been ''retroactio.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:11, 22 Septembris 2025 (UTC) ==Talking of feedback ...== Hi, Iacobe. It would be good to have your answer to the last question I posed at [[Disputatio Categoriae:Pelliculae per civitates digestae]]! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:01, 5 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Last week of semester: grading papers, exams on Friday, etc. Busy busy. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:10, 6 Maii 2014 (UTC) ::While awaiting your reply there, I noted the redlink category names "Pelliculae documentariae atrae-et-albae" and "Pelliculae nigrae-et-albae". I'm going to delete these redlinks because (apart from being inconsistent with one another) these forms don't sound like real Latin to me. If I'm wrong, maybe cite a parallel? If I might be right, maybe consider instead "Pelliculae unicolores" or "incolores"? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:52, 20 Maii 2014 (UTC) ==[[Tosa Inu]]== Iacobus, please indicate what you think is wrong with this article. It will help me in the future. Thank you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 10:39, 17 Maii 2014 (UTC) :Done long ago. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:47, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) == [[:Categoria:Studia Byzantina]] == Seems to me a useful, much-needed, long-desired category, but I don't see how [[Argos]] and [[Collegium Artium]] specially fit into it. That would need to be explained in the text of those articles maybe? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:45, 1 Iunii 2014 (UTC) ==Composita anorgana?== Dear IacobusAmor, I noticed that you created the [[:Categoria:composita inorganica]] in 2010. In English ''inorganic'' <ref name="Dorland2000">Anderson, D.M. (2000). ''Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary'' (29th edition). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.</ref> and in French ''inorganique''<ref name="Haan">Haan, H.R.M. de & Dekker, W.A.L. (1955-1957). ''Groot woordenboek der geneeskunde. Encyclopaedia medica.'' Leiden: L. Stafleu.</ref> is used (with an ''in privativum''), while in German<ref name="Haan"/> and Dutch<ref name="Haan"/><ref name="Pinkhof2012">Everdingen, J.J.E. van, Eerenbeemt, A.M.M. van den (2012). ''Pinkhof Geneeskundig woordenboek'' (12de druk). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.</ref> ''anorganisch'' is used (with an ''α privativum''). Earlier in English ''anorganic'' <ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref> and in French ''anorganique'' <ref name="Foster1891"/> was also used, but English ''anorganic'' seems to be nowadays restricted to "denoting tissue (e.g., bone) from which the organic material has been removed".<ref name="Dorland2000"/> The adjective ''inorganicus'' is not attested in classical Latin.<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> In case one would find such a word, one would expect that it would resemble the ancient Greek adjective ἀνόργανος,<ref name="Liddell & Scott">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> instead of a hybrid derived from Latin in- and ancient Greek ὀργανικός. In Neolatin one can find ''anorganicus'' <ref name="Kraus">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name=”Schlickum”>Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891"/> and ''anorganus'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> the latter more closely resembling ἀνόργανος. By the way, English ''inorganic'' is also translated in modern Greek as ἀνόργανος.<ref name="Divry1982">Divry, G.C. (red.) (1982). ''Divry’s modern English-Greek and Greek-English desk dictionary.'' New York: D.C. Divry. Inc., Publishers.</ref> I would like to suggest a move to ''composita anorgana''. In ancient Greek ἀνόργανος is both the form for the masculinum and femininum with ἀνόργανον for the neutrum. My source for anorganus only specified the masculinum, but we could use anorganus/-us/-um (M/F/N)? I would like to know whether you would agree. In case this request is unfounded, I would appreciate it, if you could explain possible objections. With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 14:54, 14 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Thanks for the question. I hadn't thought about it, but Google suggests that ''inorganicus'' is in well-established Latin use, going back at least as far as [[Franciscus Bacon|Francis Bacon]] ([http://books.google.com/books?id=a6PV3Lbk_jwC&pg=PT123&lpg=PT123&dq=inorganicum+bacon&source=bl&ots=wHZlyzlpMX&sig=tiVjerFP7znI0x-z41mdMGgFB6s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bg_FU_6KIei-8QHfqoDgCQ&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=inorganicum%20bacon&f=false hic]), and of course to the works of [[Linnaeus]] ([http://books.google.com/books?id=WlsUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1356&lpg=PA1356&dq=inorganicum&source=bl&ots=R1uvaa7UfB&sig=bYTMF6sqcdBiOMFJtN1rDjVBjZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jQ7FU_DpKIiV8gHz64Bw&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=inorganicum&f=false hic]) and other authors (e.g., [http://books.google.com/books?id=1QgUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=inorganicum&source=bl&ots=6t8wKAcrVc&sig=Jmwv54-bbmBjJagYxpQVT_B5HLg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rw3FU4CtBImT8AHUl4GIDQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=inorganicum&f=false ''The Elements of Materia Medica''] (1839) and [http://books.google.com/books/about/Cursus_philosophiae_naturalis_de_inorgan.html?id=kD6_mAEACAAJ ''Cursus philosophiae naturalis, de inorganicis, de vita vegetativa. . .'' (1912)]). The OED traces English ''inorganic(al)'' back to 1621, but ''anorganic'' only to the late nineteenth century. If in an encyclopedia, as in dictionaries and biological taxonomies, prior use has pride of place over later use, then Bacon and Linnaeus trump Kraus (1844), Siebenhaar (1850), Schlockum (1879) and Divry (1982). Generally, like you, I cultivate a classical style, though we have to allow for the exigencies of technical terminology. Regarding categories, perhaps it's best to wait for the return of Andrew, nostri regis categoriarum. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::If it's of interest: ''Cassell's Latin Dictionary,'' focusing on the classical idiom, reports: :::'''inorganic,''' render by phrase, referring to life (''vita'') or growth (''crescĕre''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:49, 15 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::::Dear Iacobus, thanks for the sources. It seems that inorganicus is slightly older. The earliest source I can find currently is from [http://books.google.nl/books?id=cWtPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT31&dq=anorganicum&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=4FPGU_elOuHJ0QXqroCgCw&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=anorganicum&f=false 1700] for anorganicum and from [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/fs1/object/display/bsb10523623_00069.html?contextType=scan&contextSort=score%2Cdescending&contextRows=10&context=anorexia 1673] for anorganus. I know that the principle of priority is used in botanical Latin. In terminici technici from other disciplines, like anatomy for example, priority is less of a concern as many terminici technici change over time. The official nomenclature committee declared that they do not want to change terms to often, but over the last 120 years some terms went through three or four revisions. Although the official nomenclature committee dictates to use their latest approved list of anatomic terms, different spellings/forms can be found within the same list, with some spellings more adhering to classical Latin or their ancient Greek roots than others. Kraus' earlier publication ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' was devised to correct incorrect forms and spellings used by his contemporaries and predecessors. Although I can not find ''inorganicus'' in his Lexikon, I think he would probably remark that the form would be ''falsch'' and would suggest ''anorganicus''. Unfortunately Kraus didn't list the more rare ''anorganus'' as can be found in Siebenhaar's dictionary. But I find it an excellent idea to wait for Andrew's input! With kind regards and thanks for the response, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 11:04, 16 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Nice of you to invite me to comment, gentlemen! On the minor issue of how to form the feminine (you probably knew this, Iacobe? Greek adjectives normally have a feminine in -a/-e if they are simple words, but in -os if they are compounds) I believe that it is very rare in Latin to transfer -us -us -um from Greek, and that it would startle readers, so we should prefer -us -a -um. :On the major issue, I really don't know what's best. In an article we can of course list all three attested forms, but in a category name we have to choose one. My initial inclination is to say that if "inorganicus" goes back as far as Bacon, and is additionally close to the form in many modern languages (though admittedly not modern Greek), it will be much more familiar to readers and may deserve a slight preference for that reason. Also, to me, Greek "anorganos" ought not really to have the required meaning: it ought to mean "without an organ". What do you say to that, Wimpus? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:46, 24 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::Dear Andrew, thank you for response and insights. Regarding the feminine: there are a lot of Greek loan adjectives in the Tensaurus Italograecus<ref name="Saalfeld1884">Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884). ''Tensaurus Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen.'' Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</ref> that have two endings, i.e. -os for the masculine and femine and -on for the neuter. And there are by the way alot of feminine loan nouns that end on -os (anhydros, diametros). In case one wants to ''import'' a word from Greek into Latin one can stick to the Greek form on ''os''. Some people<ref name=”Miller1897”>Miller, W. (1897). Scientific names of Latin and Greek derivation. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3''(1), 115-143, p.127</ref> however cast doubt on the Latinitas of this procedure to keep the Greek ending intact: :::"Of course, there can be no question about the existence of forms in -os for Greek -ος and -on for -ov in a certain class of writers of the Silver Age, when, according to that same Juvenal, Rome was more Greek than Latin. Apuleius occasionally so transliterates; but it is simply one of his many Greek mannerisms. Pliny the Elder is responsible for the most of the transgressions of that law which are to be found in the dictionaries; his reason for such violation of the Latin law is found in his desire to present the technical or scientific words of his Greek original in an untranslated, unchanged form. The same phenomenon, with the same reason underlying, is to be found in the Church Fathers. And so we have, hammo-chrysos, hady-osmos, ophidion, gingidion, and many more; most of them, as I said, are Pliny's Latin, but Pliny's solecisms or mannerisms should not be good enough for any one when a better than Pliny (in point of Latinity, at least) can be found; and the law both before and after Pliny was: Greek ος is Latin -us, and Greek -ov is Latin -um." ::For a Greek adjective of two endings one can create a masculine adjective on ''us''. But do we have to create a third ending on -a for the feminine? In the Tensaurus Italograecus there are enough examples of Greek loan adjectives on ος/ov that became -us/-a/-um in Latin. However, are these exact forms in each gender attested? Miller<ref name=”Miller1897”>Miller, W. (1897). Scientific names of Latin and Greek derivation. ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3''(1), 115-143, p.133</ref> comments on this procedure: :::"In general, it is arbitrary and inexact to make adjectives of three endings in Latin out of Greek adjectives of two endings. The old Latinists used the form in -us for both masculine and feminine, and -um for the neuter; e. g. curo-troph-us (-os), masc. and fem., curo-troph-um (-on), neut.; dory-phorus, masc. and fem., dory-phorum, neut.; disco-phorus, masc. and fem.; eu-petalus, masc. and fem.; poly-stomus, masc. and fem., -um, neut. The only exception I find given in the Latin dictionary is di-somus, -a, -um; but that is erroneous and should read disomus,- um." ::I only have difficulties in finding these aforementioned forms as adjectives (as adjectives: curotrophoe<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref><ref name="Saalfeld1884"/>, it seems like a plural feminine). So I have to try harder. But, it seems a complicated issue. ::As you have mentioned, Ancient Greek ἀνόργανος is translated as "without instruments"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> or "without organs (zonder organen)"<ref name="Muller1932">Muller, F. (1932). ''Grieksch woordenboek.'' (3de druk). Groningen/Den Haag/Batavia: J.B. Wolters’ Uitgevers-Maatschappij N.V.</ref> and ὀργανικός is translated as "serving as organs or instruments, instrumental"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> In this respect, it seems like ἀνόργανος is related (negatively) to ὀργανικός. But to make it more complicated, in Ancient Greek the adjective ὄργανος/η/ον is also attested with the meaning "working, forming"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> as well as the verb ὀργανόω, "to be organized"<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> (hence anorganus as "nicht-organisiert"?). So, could anorganus can also be seen as the opposite of organicus? As I mentioned earlier, English ''inorganic'' is also translated in modern Greek as ἀνόργανος.<ref name="Divry1982"/> Or is ἀνοργανικός also attested as translation of English ''inorganic''? I must admit, that I am more accustomed to the form with the alpha privativum and not with the in privativum as in my native tongue (Dutch), the adjective is ''anorganisch''. Maybe I have created even more confusion. My apologies :) With kind regards, [[Usor:Wimpus|Wimpus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Wimpus|disputatio]]) 21:39, 24 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Ironman== Thank you for your Ironman dubsigs! They will help me and other latin enthusiasts to improve our latin.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:46, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I hate to admit it but I guess it deserved a latinatis. I guess I have to look really hard with the other ones. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:57, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Accusative of respect== What do you think about it? Is it not recommended to use?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:50, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Gildersleeve (#338) implies it's a Greekism, a verbal tic of Sallust & Livy, and "much more common in the poets": "Good prose uses the Ablative for [it]." No matter how we look at it, your ''cordem'' isn't the accusative of ''[[cor]].'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:16, 25 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I know now, cordem was a mistake, good catch! I will try my best to avoid Greekism, but shouldn't we use more of fundamental grammar? Books on higher prose are not too available.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:35, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Forgive me for intruding, o amici. In these terms the alternative to "prose" is "poetry". I don't think it's a good idea for us to try to write like the poets :) We really are writing prose. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:05, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::Hey, I was going to say that! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) It is great to have people like you around. The rest of us are not Latin specialists, eg we need to stick to basic grammar. Which also brings me to the question, I see a lot 'this is used in poetry' in my Teach Yourself Latin book(can't remember any grammar rule now). I'm, sure it is ok to use them here right?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:16, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :It depends on how peculiar or self-conscious you want to sound. If a grammar says "used in poetry," it's probably warning you to be careful about using it in prose. As a rule, check any hints about usage that dictionaries give. They may say point-blank that a word is poetic: for 'sword', Cassell's offers "''gladius, ensis'' (poet.), ''ferrum'' (esp. in general or abstract sense)." Or you may have to figure it out for yourself from the citations given: for ''gladius,'' Cassell's cites Caesar, Cicero, Vergil, Livy; for ''ensis,'' it cites Lucretius, Livy, and Vergil. Those sets of authors alone tell you that ''gladius'' is going to be perfectly acceptable in prose, but ''ensis'' has the danger of evoking poetry, or at least sounding a little odd. Maybe the situation there is like ''sword'' and ''blade'' in English: the latter (like ''ensis'') can be found in prose, but it's not the usual term, so it might lead a reader to wonder what's afoot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) I meant to say in the summary, Welcome ^<u>back</u>^ Andrew!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 18:18, 26 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ==Lingua Gesticulatoriae== ciao, come va?? ho fatto qualche errore?? --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 16:50, 2 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :cari amici [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] e [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]], allora vi dico che i numeri delle statistiche, purtroppo non è *perfetto*, perchè non è facile avere numeri ufficiali, ma solo su Istituzioni come la EUD o la WFD qualcosa sui numeri si sa qualcosa ma non sempre purtroppo... :quanto ai termini per favore non scrivete ''NON UDENTE'' in quanto è un termine offensivo, quindi propongo di usare semplicemente i termini come ''Deaf People'', ok?? :se avete dubbi o problemi da chiarire riguardo alla conoscenza della Comunità Sorda, chiedimi pure... :Ave Dux :D ciao a tutti e 2! --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 09:03, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::Iacobe, if you feel interested in the sign language articles, that makes me happy and I'll leave them alone for a bit. There is definitely a need for one Latinist, but not necessarily two :) If, on the other hand, you'd rather not, just let me know. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:29, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::Language-related topics engage my keyboard in general, but the textual hiccups in question have elicited from the little gray cells about as much as they're likely to, at least for the moment. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:25, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::Hi Surdus, so we should use deaf people not deaf? Homines Surdi or Homines surdium? For myself (To Andrew and Iacobe) I don't know if there is anything I can add now. So I'd be leaving the articles alone for the meantime. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 11:44, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ::::As was implied before (on another page), ''homines surdium'' doesn't make sense: ''surdium'' isn't a word, and even if it were, it wouldn't look (in the slightest) as if it might be an adjective modifying ''homines.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:25, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) :::::@[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ''Homines Surdi'' :) --[[Usor:SurdusVII|SurdusVII]] [[Disputatio Usoris:SurdusVII|''(LIS)'']] 12:30, 4 Augusti 2014 (UTC) ==[[Mana]]== Hi, Iacobe. I deleted the uncreated categories at Mana. If you intend to create them, then -- as always -- please revert my edits. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:30, 28 Augusti 2014 (UTC) Give [[Usor:L&#39;arpetaniaku|L&#39;arpetaniaku]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:L&#39;arpetaniaku|disputatio]]) 16:12, 20 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ==Diaboli parvi== Hi again. Could you comment at [[Disputatio:Aemilius Zola]]? You may well be right, but I don't see anything to justify it in our text, or in en:wiki, or even in the starred article at fr:wiki! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:23, 1 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :No answer? Does that mean it was a mistake? You are nearly always right, so I would have loved to hear from you before reverting :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 4 Septembris 2014 (UTC) I have to add that I am full of admiration for your sourcing of the name [[Luguvalium (Pennsylvania)]] ... A great find. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:48, 1 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :When curiosities like that by chance come into view, Vicipaedia is a good place to document them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ==Better== I noticed your edits to [[:Categoria:Collegium Smith]] and [[:Categoria:Collegium Mount Holyoke]]. I think these were mostly bad changes because # you removed two supercategories that all other comparable categories have, and left one blue and one red supercategory in their place, thus making the categories more difficult for others to find # you added hidden text in English We ought surely to aim always to leave pages (even category pages) in a better state than we found them in. I think (tell me if you disagree) that you left these two in a worse state than you found them in. If this was part of a general plan to subcategorize the area of universities and colleges, again, do tell me: I'm happy to discuss it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:26, 4 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Alexander Essenus]]== I moved back to "Esseno". Tell me if I'm missing something, but this is just a modern surname, isn't it? and we don't change them. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:09, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :It's apparently an adjective posing as a surname. See the disputation page. ¶ However, the article is probably going to be deleted, so the point is moot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::Good point :) But I must say that I moved back too quickly -- you hadn't had time to write your explanation on the talk page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:23, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==Edit war around [[Ordo pro Merito Melitensi]]== You are, of course, correct to flag [[Usor:Mabelina]]'s changes; she seems to be a beginner at Latin. But the edit history this morning looks a bit like an edit war -- is that really useful? I've been trying to clean up a bit of the mess she's left (she? with no user page I'm going by the username), and it may be more constructive to correct the grammar instead of just flagging the pages, time permitting of course (it's looking like one of those crazy semesters). I'm not going to do anything drastic here; verbum sapienti.... [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:19, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :Yes, but I have no time for correcting today! It's enough to dispose of Alexander the Essene! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:22, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::Mabelina has responded to my changes the way (s)he has to Laurentianus's: either with gross innocence, or intent on edit-warring. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:24, 11 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::Hello to you both & thank you for your concern re ''Pro Merito Melitensi''. I can assure you that it is out of innocence & my definite rusty Latin (as if it were ever perfect!) that I am finding it difficult to perfect the Latin phraseology. My reason for introducing the article is because this Order happens to be among the few extant examples of Latin in usage today and which has no recognisable equivalent name in the vernacular, hence I thought it would be of interest to our Latin readers. What to do next? & thanks again for your help. [[Mabelina|M]] :::PS. but it is not only [[Mabelina|me]] who has been editing this article, hence a bit of confusion on my part as to whose previous edits to follow/correct/etc... Thanks again. ::::They were all helping, or at least trying to. At bedtime, 17 of 54 words were problematic, and now at breakfasttime, 15 of 55 are. Jondel's overnight ministrations (not all of which were successful) raised the score from 69 to 73, on the scale I [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/Adventures once experimented with:] still a –5, but better! (The scale from minus one to minus seven, and the descriptions like "Latinitas huius paginae magnopere corrigenda est," predate my arrival in Vicilandia.) If we were to back-translate the text into English, you might be surprised at how bizarre the diction is, but no time is available today. For starters, ask yourself why, in the caption, you changed (the correct) ''Crux'' to ''Cruce''&thinsp;; since all captions lacking a visible verb are sentences fundamentally of the form "[This is an] X," it wants to be in the nominative case. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:17, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Pathologia]]== Salve Iacobus, ut vales? Amabo te ponere dubsigs in re, ut soles. Gatias--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:35, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) Etiam.quaeso, in [[Eruptio ebolae in Africa occidentali anno 2014]] si tempus tibi sit. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 09:12, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :In [[Pathologia]], for starters, ''qua'' means 'by which' (but don't you want it to mean 'which'?) and the chances may be at least 99 to 1 that ''tractat'' is in the wrong place. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:26, 12 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::It should be quae, you're right, thanks! OK, about the word order of tractat. I'll fix it now. [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:49, 14 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==Ursule Mirouët== Salve [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]] & thank you for your kind suggestion re '''eques Venerabili Ordinis Sancti Ioannis'''. I concur that it is a minefield trying to word some modern-day formal protocol satisfactorily in Classical terminology - but I guess it is worth it, otherwise our Latin readers could quite excusably assume that things which have (d)evolved continue as was to the present day! ==The Order for Maltese Merit== I hope you approve of using ''in vulgare'' for Ursula Mirouet, and it is my intention to expand the UM article and others (where I know something about the subject), but since so many of my recent posts have been amended (notwithstanding that my Latin is/hopefully becoming less) rusty! it has been difficult for me sometimes to know whose edits are good ones to follow... Perhaps you could be so kind as to give a brief overview of [[Ordo pro Merito Melitensi]]? which I introduced being one current institution which has no recognisable name in the vernacular, & of course hoping that the subject itself is of interest to some! Thanks again & till soon [[Mabelina|M]] ::Time is lacking, but if you really want to improve the text, start by learning something about declensions & conjugations. This is your text as it stands: :::Ordo pro Merito Melitensi est ordo meritum Suprema Ordinis Melitensis (breviter S.M.O.M.) anno MCMXX condidit. Pro viris feminae non solum membrorum Æcclesiae Romanae qui sibi afferentit ut auxilioque operam det honore et decus Ordinem Melitensis retributur. Honores per decretum Summo Consilii sunt concessit motu proprio pro Magno Magistro ordinis. ::This is more or less what it's saying, with each problematic word rendered in a similarly problematic way: :::The Order for Maltese Merit is an order, a merit. The Funeral Rites of the Maltese Order (briefly S.M.O.M.) in the year MCMXX it founded. For men and a woman's not only of the limbs of the Roman Tchurtch whooch conveigheth to himself so that it might apply himself and to assistance by honor and a dignity to the Order of a Maltese is repayied. The Top of the Council has honors by decree. It granted by a motu proprio on behalf of the Grand Master of the order. ::The wrong (or extremely problematic in context) words are: :::meritum, Suprema, S.M.O.M., condidit, feminae, membrorum, Æcclesiae, qui, sibi, afferentit, auxilioque, honore, Ordinem, Melitensis, retributur, Summo, Consilii, sunt, concessit. ::That's 19 words out of 49, giving a score of 61, which on the scale I devised long ago is a –6. Even this isn't as dire as –7, which indicates that a text isn't written in Latin, though it would be hard to argue on the basis of what the text is actually saying (see the translation above) that it belongs in a published encyclopedia. Two or three times the text has (perhaps generously) been marked –5, and several times you've removed that indication, in effect asserting that the Latin is satisfactory. Let's fix that right now (inserting –6). Meanwhile, see if you can figure out what's wrong with the words listed above. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:48, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::As for which edits are "good ones to follow": almost all of them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IaconusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:55, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::::Quotation below altered to focus on the problem: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::::Is this any better? [[Mabelina|M]] ::::::"Ordo pro Merito Melitensi conditus anno MCMXX a Ordine Supremus Militaris Melitensis (breviter S.M.O.M.). Ordinem meritorum pro viris feminisque non solum fides Ecclesiae Romanae pro honore et decus ad Ordinem Melitensis retributur. Honores concessit per decretum Supremus Consilii motu proprio pro Magno Magistro ordinis." :::::::Yes: 14 errors out of 44 words (or 15 out of 44 if you count the verb missing from the first sentence) on the proposed scale would be a –5. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::::::::Also, in the caption "Crucem pro Merito Melitensi" (not shown above), the first word is in the wrong case. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) :::::::::Nine days ago, [[Usor:RHaworth]] asked "How long before you learn to sign?" [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:14, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC)<!-- ==Vide etiam== *[[Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references /></div> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.orderofmalta.int/der-orden-und-seine-einrichtungen/560/orden-pro-merito-melitensi/?lang=de Situs proprius,] www.orderofmalta.int {{Ling|Germanice}} [[Categoria:Melita|!]] [[Categoria:Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani|!]] [[Categoria:Constituta saeculo 20]] [[Categoria:Ordines militares]] unqte--> ==Donaldus Adamson== PS. would it be possible for you perhaps to make the appropriate correction to Donaldus Adamson just in case it might be considered vandalism by me? [[Mabelina|M]] :The system won't let me do any editing on that page. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:06, 18 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ::OK <small>[= Mabelina, commode signare nolens, 05:47, 19 Septembris 2014‎]</small> ==Ursule Mirouët== This article has only just been started & at least hasn't received a -7 Latinatus mark so, in addition to quite a few other areas where Vicipaedicia could be improved, is this going to be easy for me to do with messages such as the following! <small> {{fn|Non stipula}} Haec pagina nondum stipula est. Oportet inter 7 dies admeliorare. Paginis minimis Vicipaedicis necesse sunt: Titulus, in prima sententia litteris pinguibus repetitus Textus (e litteris 200 vel pluribus compositum) qui rem utiliter describat Nexus extra-Vicipaedianus (sive et fons bibliographicus) qui rem satis corroboret Nexus interni caerulei ex hac pagina et in hanc paginam; categoriae caeruleae (aut formula {{fn|Dubcat}}); pagina annexa apud Wikidata (aut formula {{fn|Nexus absunt}}) Aliquid maius, huic encyclopaediae congruens, e.g. textus (explicationes, historica, exempla); imago cum descriptione; nexus externi utiles plures; bibliographia.</small><br> I think a hiatus might be better than constant wrangling..? [[Mabelina|M]] <small>[= Mabelina, commode signare iam nolens, 05:47, 19 Septembris 2014‎]</small> :Statim autem adiecit commentario [[Ursule Mirouët]] hora 05:23 diei 20 Septembris 2014 priorum verborum auctor: ::Rumoris huius exploratur atque Ursule innocentiem probitate. :Forsan exemplum conaminum [[Ne falsum quidem|ne falsorum quidem]]? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:32, 20 Septembris 2014 (UTC) ==All that jazz== You raised a good point at [[Disputatio Categoriae:Musici Iaz]] but it would be better if at the same time we could make all the names agree. I see that at [[Disputatio:Jazz]] you suggested, long ago, "Iazensis musica" and cited a source. There was no follow-up, but I don't see anything better about the later alternative "Musica iazzica", so we could now go with "iazensis" as you then proposed. Or we could accept "iaz", quietly assuming that it is the notional base form of "iazensis". What would be your preference? You're our greatest musician, after all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:44, 4 Octobris 2014 (UTC) :We were told that "z" always scans long, so a doubled "z" would imitate non-Latin orthographies and imply a weird pronunciation. Neander keeps warning about using unmarked order in lemmata. Putting these considerations together gives us ''musica iazensis'' or ''musica iazica.'' Declinable forms are always useful, and even English has ''jazzy.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 6 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ::Thanks. Then we'll rename the existing categories using "iazensis", since the single-z spelling of that word has a source (cited by you originally, I think). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:39, 6 Octobris 2014 (UTC) ==[[Comus (deus)]]== I have a feeling the first paragraph is all made up. The transvestite bit was what first made me suspect something, but actually it's hard to find any reliable source that says Comus was a god in Greek mythology. Can you find any? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) :Not today. Other obligations loom! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 3 Novembris 2014 (UTC) ==Categoria:Conformationes terrestres ...== A while ago I was standardizing geographical categories across the world (I mean, the small world of Vicipaedia). Thinking about what kind of thing categories so named actually contained -- all sorts of geographical things that were not towns -- I renamed those that already existed to "Categoria:Res geographicae ..." and went right on and created categories under that name for all countries (for listing see [[:Categoria:Res geographicae per civitates digestae|here]]). But I didn't touch the ones you had created for single US states, because they were OK as they were and there was no reason to fiddle with them (for listing see [[:Categoria:Conformationes terrestres Civitatum Foederatarum civitate digestae|here]]). Now that you are doing some more US geographical pages, it strikes me that it might be a good idea to change these too (e.g., [[:Categoria:Conformationes terrestres Floridae]] to [[:Categoria:Res geographicae Floridae]]) and then, if you want to make new ones for the remaining US states, they could follow the same pattern. We could change the existing ones automatically, if UVbot will help. Would you object? If you have a reason for preferring "Conformationes terrestres", please say so and we can leave them as they are -- it seemed to me too long and abstract a formulation, but you might view it differently! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) :''Res geographicae'' is fine, but these and other permutations are sometimes too much for the little gray cells to keep straight—which is why the first thoughts that usually come to mind echo the formulations in enwiki. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:42, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) ::Thanks very much. Yes, I saw (or heard) the echo! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:51, 1 Decembris 2014 (UTC) :::That change is all complete now, and if you want to create further categories "Res geographicae ..." for US States that don't have them yet, by all means go ahead. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:32, 21 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Defaultsort == I just noticed that [[Societas Avium Cohortalium et Ovorum Civitatum Foederatarum]], one of your translations, retained the "Defaultsort" of the English page. "Defaultsorts" from an English page need to be deleted when you're translating, because they make the page file under its English name, normally wrong for us. This one made it file under "U. S. ..." although the pagename you chose (rightly I think) was "Societas ..." No one looking through the category page would understand why this title beginning with "S" was filing under "U". There is the exception of people's names -- we need defaultsorts for those, adjusted from the English ones, to make pages file under the person's surname. But other defaultsorts need to be deleted. I guess you probably know all this and it was just a slip, but I thought I'd better mention it :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:32, 21 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Acknowledging the source == Thanks for your comments on the Taberna. I have created formula <nowiki>{{Attributio}}</nowiki> (example of use: <nowiki>{{Attributio|fr|François Hollande}}</nowiki>) to be placed on a talk page. I have to admit this has an advantage over the summarium method in that it links automatically to the history page of the original. And it is quick. So, anyway, as they say in American restaurants, enjoy! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == Encouraging redlinks to go blue == Here's another thing I hope you may enjoy using. The new formula <nowiki>{{Creanda}}</nowiki> should be very little trouble and would help potential translators to get to work. When translating from en:, instead of simply making links which you know will be red, consider using this formula. Instead of * <nowiki>[[Collegium Amherstianum]]</nowiki> -- or * <nowiki>[[Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano]]</nowiki> you write * <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum}}</nowiki> -- or * <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano}}</nowiki> I admit it's longer, but you have that name "Amherst College" in your text already, so it's not ''much'' longer. The result is this: * {{Creanda|en|Amherst College|Collegium Amherstianum|Collegio Amherstiano}} It gives your reader a handy link to the English page, from which the said reader could start creating a Latin page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:50, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) :OK, I'll make an experiment of it, but I'm hard-pressed for time today (and for probably much of the year). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:59, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) ::The extra "(en)" makes it look cumbersome, and it doesn't link to the English page: it links to an editing box. See [[Regio Antarctica]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) :::I see: you have to click on "(en)" to get the interwiki link. Interesting, but too much for tomorrow's contributions. Surely not needed for Linnaean names? Maybe to be used just here & there? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:18, 30 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) ::::Exactly. I agree, with Linnaean names it's hardly worth the trouble. The most useful occasions would be (a) if you think creation is "urgent", (b) if (because the Latin name is a translation) it might be difficult to find the relevant page on another Wikipedia. I notice you sometimes include an original name in hidden text in such cases. Instead of doing that, you could now think of using this method. ::::As you already see, if you wanted to turn any existing redlinks into this form, you simply change the final <nowiki>]]</nowiki> to <nowiki>}}</nowiki> and change the initial <nowiki>[[</nowiki> to <nowiki>{{Creanda|en|Englishpagename|</nowiki>. ::::After the new page has been created and the internal link goes blue, it's easy for a bot to turn these formulae into ordinary bluelinks. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:46, 31 Ianuarii 2015 (UTC) == A devil == It might amuse you to know that [[Gerardus Depardieu]], one of your tax rebels, started out in life as a printer's devil. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:37, 1 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :I'm easily amused. ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:38, 1 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Nondum stipula? == Iacobe, cur commentationem de [[Concilium climaticum Cancuniense|Concilio climatico Cancuniensi]] "nondum stipulam" esse notasti? Velim causam exactam indices, nam ex rerum "ameliorandarum" indice non satis bene apparet causa tantae severitatis. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 14:40, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Pagina <!--nexu extra-Vicipaediano (sive et fonte bibilographico),--> categoria caerulea et "aliquo maiore" caret. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:50, 3 Februarii 2015‎ (UTC) ::Haec nuper videns categorias (quas alii corrigere possunt!) et imaginem (= aliquid maius) addo. Fontem iam observo in nota subiuncta positum. Igitur formulam removi: an recte feci? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:10, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::Recte fecisti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:50, 3 Februarii 2015‎ (UTC) ::::Gratias ago ambobus, quia Christiana Figueres (cuius imago per serendipitiam repperi) [[Vicipaedia:Feminae 3000|feminam celebrandam]] mihi videtur. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 3 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :The example of [[Steganographia]], which you supplied at [[Disputatio Formulae:Non stipula]]) possibly shows the unwisdom of allowing "non annexa" pages to linger on for years (because that will be why nobody ever saw that page till now). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:58, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::I probably noticed its entry in Categoria:Cryptographia when I was translating [[Alanus Turing]], but I don't recall whether I read its text. Can Vicipaedia's machinery generate a list of who reads (or at least opens!) a given article? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::The US and UK governments probably could. Let's ask them :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :I said so in that discussion, while knowing all the time that quite a lot of the "Non annexae" pages are your creations ... But I think it possible that the problem of the "non annexae" ''taxonomic'' pages could be solved by a bot, which could possibly put a ''Vide etiam'' on the nearest available higher taxonomic node. That's what I do, without wasting more time on reflection, when I see such pages, but, possibly, a bot could do it quicker! We might ask a friendly bot owner about that ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:58, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::Hmm. That's not an ideal fix, but it'd indeed annexify all but a handful of the unannexed pages I've created (and some that others, including perhaps [is it] Hendricus under multiple anonymous IPs, have created), and it'd be much quicker than the progress I've been making along those lines, so it seems like a good plan. However, so I could continue improving the lot by hand, would there be a way of generating a list of something like "taxonomically ranked plants & animals not linked to an item at the next-higher taxonomic rank"? (I.e., species not linked to a genus, genera not linked to a family, and so on.) That might generate some surprises! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::I say hmm too ... Dunno. I don't run a bot myself, we'd have to ask Anne or UV perhaps. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 4 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Translated? == I think you were mistaken to say that [[Annecium]] is translated from French: I started it, and the history suggests it has just gradually developed from there (and hasn't reached very far yet!) Did you have a special reason for thinking that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:18, 8 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Misreading <nowiki>{{Link FA|fr}}</nowiki> as a link to the page? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:24, 8 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::What does a link to the page have to do with it? A link to another wiki would most often mean the creator of the page is a tiro, but it doesn't in itself mean the page is a translation. To know that, I guess you'd have to ask the writer, or, if you really suspect copyright violation, compare the texts. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:30, 9 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::It's what the anonymous contributor did and continues to do, even today, just as I'd been doing for years. The likeliest default interpretation is that the link indicates the source of the text, not some random link that the author chose so as to tease the custodians of history. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:21, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::It had that special meaning to you, as you explained elsewhere, but generally it would mean that the contributor just hasn't learned to use Wikidata yet. We can't just assume that someone else is translating from any particular source: if they are, ''they'' should acknowledge. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::The anonymous user's IP number suggests the contributor could be our Swiss montagnard. Ask him? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:58, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::See, for example, the histories of wiki citations in the first published versions of [[Autrêches‎‎]], [[Avilly-Saint-Léonard‎‎]], [[Avrigny]], [[Babœuf‎‎]], [[Bachivillers‎‎]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:05, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::::Wait! The magic wikidata robot has already come by and wiped out the evidence. One has to be quick! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:05, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::::That is all between you, Helveticus, and the anonymous IP. Doesn't interest me a whit :=) Let's just acknowledge our own translations, we don't need to guess at other people's. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::::::::I was following your suggestion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#What's to be done with people]] to "start a talk page with <nowiki>{{Attributio||}}</nowiki>." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:23, 18 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::::::::If you re-read, you'll see that your question there was about "people unfamiliar with wikipedia (perhaps in any language) who in good faith contribute translated articles without the acknowledgment discussed above". We ''do'' really have to look out for misguided copyright violation. Nothing to do with this. If you want to worry about the origin of these short stubs about French communes -- far too short to have any relevance to copyright issues -- you're a free man and can worry about it all you like, but it doesn't have anything to do with a suggestion of mine. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:21, 18 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :::I often add things (especially bibliographic data),† adjust the structure, move images around, and so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:21, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::::†For example, just last night I translated an article from the English wiki that doesn't cite any of the published biographies of the subject, so I added those in, all three of them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:27, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) I hadn't realised you'd written about [[Omnia|everything]]. That's it, then. We can all go home now! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:36, 13 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == Non stipula == When you add "Non stipula" to a page, I think it's important not to mark the edit as "minor". It could be a final warning for the page, so to speak. The more Vicipaedians who are aware of it, the better. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:39, 24 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :... but, in case I haven't said so clearly enough, I'm very much in favour of this work. We have many pages that ought either to be improved or deleted, and you are finding them. I am rescuing some, but selecting the ones that seem to matter more :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:17, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) == [[Universitas Gonzagae]] == I removed the hidden text you had added to this page. # In one case (the Association of Jesuit Universities) I think there are two better ways to do what you did with hidden text: (a) adding the English name visibly, in parentheses, in italics; (b) adding the English name with the Latin names in a "Creanda" formula, as we discussed a little way above. That's the way I chose in this case. # In the other two cases, there was a link in the text, which you followed with a suggested link in hidden text, marked "melius". I don't see why, if we think something is simply better, we wouldn't do it for real. Hidden text is only seen by the small minority of readers who open an edit window. So most readers won't see what you think is "melius", and those few who do see it will not know who it was who thought something else was "melius", or why he thought it, or, if he thought it, why he didn't do it. And I am one of those; so I just removed your hidden text in those two cases, not knowing its purpose. I think there are a very few cases where hidden text may be useful to all (usually when it says "Don't break this formula"). Those cases aside, I'd say in general adding hidden text to a page you're working on is fine, ''if you afterwards remember to remove it''. If you forget to remove it, or if you add it to a page that someone else is working on, I'd say it's usually a nuisance, because some other Wikipedian then has the job of removing it. Maybe you disagree -- I know you add hidden text often. Anyway, since I think it's generally a nuisance, and I happened to know this is a page on which new Vicipaedians are working (see my talk page) I removed it quickly from this page because I thought it set a bad example. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:53, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) :Hidden text is for editors, not readers. In [[Universitas Gonzagae]], I've now unhidden it by applying the creanda to the rest of the links. To my eyes, the "(en)" doesn't help the readability. ¶ That's a good point about marking texts "m" in coniunction with "Non stipula," but the well-trained fingers sometimes forget. Long ago, when I created [[Cultura]], Vicipaedia's longest page and surely one of the longest pages in all of Wikilandia, those fingers marked it "m" (an option no longer available at the creation of pages). ¶ Busy today. . . . [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:32, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ::Thanks for your change to Universitas Gonzagae. I think that's a good solution, [but I've removed some less relevant/less helpful links.] ::I see what you mean about the legibility in formula:Creanda. Some wikis using a similar formula deal with this by making the (en) a superscript ^[en] like a footnote reference. Might that help? We can easily vary the format. ::Believe me, I know how easy it is to mark a major edit as minor, though I never yet did it with anything quite as major as [[Cultura]]. :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:29, 27 Februarii 2015 (UTC) ==To amuse you== Since you noticed a French commune with 8 inhabitants -- and I guess it will have pages in 25 Wikipedias, i.e. 3+ pages per inhabitant -- you might like to laugh over the fact that an English village ([[Broad Chalke]] in Wiltshire) with about 700 inhabitants, a 1000-year history and several famous past residents was represented on only 3 Wikipedias, till I added a Latin page today. And that's not unusual -- I have found many similar cases while gradually adding English towns and villages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:01, 12 Martii 2015 (UTC) :And then I could have named a city of 3 million inhabitants still lacking a Vicipaedia page, [[:en:Surabaya]]. There may well be others. It's lucky Vicipaedia is a work in progress! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:18, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ::The biggest might be [[:en:Shenzhen]], with ten million! [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:16, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) :::If we covered the world with as much thoroughness as we cover French & Italian hamlets, we'd have hundreds of thousands of articles from East and South Asia! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ::::According to the National League of [US] Cities, the United States are the home of about 20,000 municipal governments, with an average of about 15,000 people each. Extending that proportion worldwide would imply the existence of about 500,000 municipal governments. Throw in the hamlets and we'd be swimming in articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:45, 13 Martii 2015 (UTC) ==Non stipula? Quod mihi facendum est?== Salve, vidi [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Declinatio_prima_linguae_graecae_antiquae&curid=234714&diff=2867421&oldid=2867416 recensionem] tuam... quod facendum est mihi? ''Hi, I've seen your edit... what should I do?'''--[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 12:12, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :Vide titulum: ::Titulus, in prima sententia litteris pinguibus repetitus : '''OK.''' ::Textus (e litteris 200 vel pluribus compositum) qui rem utiliter describat. '''OK''' ::Nexus extra-Vicipaedianus (sive et fons bibliographicus) qui rem satis corroboret : '''CARET''' ::Nexus interni caerulei ex hac pagina et in hanc paginam; : '''CARENT?''' ::categoriae caeruleae (aut formula <nowiki>{{Dubcat}}); pagina annexa apud Wikidata (aut formula {{Nexus absunt}}</nowiki>) : '''???''' ::Aliquid maius, : '''OK.''' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:20, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::Ok :) expediam. Gratias ago!--[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 12:29, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::Expedies? Menses habes sex. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:32, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::::Sed... cur exspectaturus sum, si nunc expedire possum? ;) --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 17:51, 7 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::::Addidi categoriam ac nexus, at fontes non invenio (in pagina e qua traduxi non sunt)... --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 18:55, 8 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) :::::::Fontes inveni et addidi. Lectoribus nostris (ut mihi videtur) utilius est fontes Latinos citare si possumus. Hoc autem casu artes grammaticae Graecae, Latine divulgatae, appellaverunt "primam ''et'' secundam declinationes" illam quam nos hodie "primam" nuncupamus. Propter hanc rationem fontem Anglicum insuper addidi, recentiorem, cuius terminologia cum tua consonat. :::::::Iacobus noster recte fontem vel bibliographiam postulavit. Regula apud Wikipedias omnes est "Wikipedia non est fons fidelis". Ad notabilitatem et fidelitatem comprobandas necesse est fontem externum (aut plures) citare -- id quod paginas nostras lectoribus utiliores reddit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:03, 9 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ::::::::Ago gratias tibi quoque! --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 15:00, 9 Aprilis 2015 (UTC) ==Translating the interface in your language, we need your help== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello IacobusAmor, thanks for working on this wiki in your language. [http://laxstrom.name/blag/2015/02/19/prioritizing-mediawikis-translation-strings/ We updated the list of priority translations] and I write you to let you know. The language used by this wiki (or by you in your preferences) needs [[translatewiki:Translating:Group_statistics|about 100 translations or less]] in the priority list. You're almost done!<!-- [[Image:Translatewiki.net logo.svg|frame|link=translatewiki:|{{int:translateinterface}}]]--> Please [[translatewiki:Special:MainPage|register on translatewiki.net]] if you didn't yet and then '''[[translatewiki:Special:Translate/core-0-mostused|help complete priority translations]]''' (make sure to select your language in the language selector). With a couple hours' work or less, you can make sure that nearly all visitors see the wiki interface fully translated. [[User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 14:06, 26 Aprilis 2015 (UTC)</div><!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta:Sandbox&oldid=12031713 --> ==Thanks== Thank you for your attention to [[Academia Scientiarum Utilium]]. I hadn't realised a little edit war was going on! I think Giorno2 has got the idea now, but I'll watch the page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 21 Maii 2015 (UTC) :If it had been reverted once more, I'd have asked about it in Taberna. Maybe putting the attribution into the text is the way they do it in the Esperanto wiki; for most readers, it probably looks like mere clutter. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 10:37, 21 Maii 2015 (UTC) == [[Crimes of the Heart]] == Tibi gratias ago causa relecturae istae paginae! Vale! [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 11:55, 25 Maii 2015 (UTC) == De lexico ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'' == Salve! Thanks for your emendations on the ''[[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok]]''. Just one questions: as you may have noticed, I referred twice to the preface of the book in the ''Notae''. Couldn't they also count as ''fontes'', because aren't they technically extra-Vicipaedian sources? [[Usor:Φιλέτυμος|Φιλέτυμος]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Φιλέτυμος|disputatio]]) 15:04, 29 Maii 2015 (UTC) == Thanks == ... for glancing over the d. w. E. m. prime ministers. You always spot something to improve! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:21, 1 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == [[Venceslaus I (rex Bohemiae)]] == Hi, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venceslaus_I_%28rex_Bohemiae%29&diff=next&oldid=2901886 you asked] what "Grapilziensi" means. It is not "Grapilziensi", but two incomplete words. Whole legend would be WENCEZLAUS DEI GRA(tia) PILZIENSI(s et Budissens)IS DUX. Salve --[[Usor:Silesianus|Silesianus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Silesianus|disputatio]]) 14:18, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :OK. Thanks! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:53, 10 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == ISBNs == Hi, Iacobe. Why do you take out the hyphens from ISBNs? They are irrelevant to machines, but I think they are useful to human eyes because they distinguish elements of distinct meaning and make the number easier to grasp -- and we are writing for humans. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:12, 15 Iunii 2015 (UTC) :(1) The Library of Congress doesn't use [http://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=1141&recCount=25&recPointer=22&bibId=16023163 them?] (2) They're typographically inefficient? (3) Almost nobody reads bibliographies & footnotes? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 16 Iunii 2015 (UTC) ::Hmm. 3 seems to be an argument for not bothering with bibliographies at all rather than for copyediting them, but, as it happens, I disagree on it anyway. I also disagree on 2. In general we don't follow the model of library catalogues in our bibliographies, so, although I don't dispute 1 (and thanks for the link!), I don't see it as strongly relevant. OK, I'll ask at the Taberna in case anyone else has a comment. ::Melius erit regulam apud nos constituere ne editores futuri inutiliter labores aliorum mutent. De legibilitate, non de utilitate automatica, disputatur: apud machinas 0-19-860617-8 et 0198606178 idem sonant. Forma punctuata saepius in libris ipsis videtur (nisi fallor), forma soluta in catalogis bibliothecarum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 16 Iunii 2015 (UTC) == [[Belavia]] &c == I have nearly completed a project whose aim is to make sure we have biographies of all current heads of state and lists of their predecessors. The last area I have to deal with is Oceania. At [[Duces civitatum Australianarum et Pacificarum hodiernarum]] the navboxes I still have to complete are listed but I'd be really pleased if you would look at the names of countries and pronounce (Oceania being an area of your expertise!) on whether the names we are using are ideal. I'm especially doubtful about Palau, which we seem to call Belavia, but I don't know why. Should we be happy with that name? (I notice that the adjective "palauensis" exists in taxonomy.) If we want to change, now's the time. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:01, 22 Augusti 2015 (UTC) :Since you haven't replied, maybe the name Belavia is a mystery to you too! The creator of the page was Rolandus, a figure from our past, but no sign of where he got the name from. Anyway, I've asked on the Taberna in case anyone can shed light on it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:54, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) ::My encyclopedia was advised by indigenous people to write "Palau (Belau)." There seemed to be some feeling that ''Belau'' should be used by native speakers of Palauan, but foreigners should say ''Palau.'' Indeed, the latter fits better with the phonology of many Oceanic languages (including the Polynesian ones, which have no /b/). This ''Belavia'' looks to be derived from ''Belau,'' but what's the source of the Latin? Presumably the Vatican would know. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::It's odd to say that all natives should say one thing and all foreigners another :) ::::The situation with Ivory Coast is more drastic: the country advised my publisher that ''Côte d'Ivoire'' was the only acceptable spelling <small>IN ENGLISH.</small> The publisher complied, and so does the [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2846.htm U.S. Department of State.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:29, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::::Yes, I fear oddity stretches far beyond Palau. Though "Myanmar" is officially preferred as spelling, how many know how to pronounce it? And indeed, how many casual speakers can get close to ''Côte d'Ivoire'' (French, Canadian or Ivorian accent) or to ''Timor Leste'' (Portuguese, Brazilian or Timorian)? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:39, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :::I found no source at all for "Belavia", not even apostolic, but if there really is one, of course we could follow it. Otherwise "Palau" seems to be practically universal in the Wikipedias, so we had probably better follow that trend. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:19, 9 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == Eduardus Augustus Schneider ‎ == The phrase I am looking to translate is "flew like a bird from coast to coast" can you translate it for me? Is there the equivalent of "template:infobox person", all I see is one for presidents. --[[Usor:Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )|Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Richard Arthur Norton (1958- )|disputatio]]) 19:03, 1 Septembris 2015 (UTC) :Sorry to intrude! I added the infobox. It draws on Wikidata and needs no parameters here. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:26, 1 Septembris 2015 (UTC) == Categories for people by cities of birth == We've discussed this briefly, long ago, and I know it's a possibility that is still in your mind. In mine too. In fact we've both done it -- you for Bostonians, me for Monemutenses. The question is, should we do it wholesale? I shied off not because of any rooted opposition but (a) because of the amount of labour involved, (b) because we haven't yet got articles about enough cities, or verified their Latin names. But, meanwhile, technology overtaking us, it could now be largely done by a bot. This information (where someone was born) is stored at Wikidata, from which a bot could extract it to add the appropriate category to each biography on Vicipaedia. If we ''afterwards'' correct or verify a Latin name, a bot could probably change the category name to match. We would need to make some decisions: the form of category name (it would have to be something that could be applied automatically); whether it covers all cities and towns and villages down to the smallest, or, if not, where it stops; and whether we take over the bot-produced result to make our own changes and additions afterwards, or leave it permanently automatic. Does this seem to you worth discussion? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :My default ideal has always been to follow the English wiki, so generally, I'd accept categories for cities (and surely Boston & New York would meet anybody's criteria for having enough wikified inhabitants)—but if bots can do it, so much the better. Discussion is better placed in the Taberna. Meanwhile, I have categories to bluify—but then we see in the disputatio for [[Erich Polz]] an implication that German and Germanic ‎‎are the same languages, and then we see that my edits in [[Ocelum Genuensium]] have just been reverted, restoring the blank sections and putting the Notae below the Nexus externi. (Maybe the Italian-hamlet style won't distract overmuch if it's confined to the peninsula and can be kept from infecting other lands.) As Roseanne Roseannadanna used to say, "It's always something!" [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:18, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) ::You're right, we could transfer to the Taberna. The problem with city, internationally, is the lack of an international definition: in French for example both town and city are ''ville'' ... I'm not sure what's best. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:08, 1 Octobris 2015 (UTC) :::Meanwhile my project for next year (having done enough world politicians for the time being) is to improve our coverage of world cities, I mean, those with considerably more than 12 inhabitants. This will as a side-effect confirm a whole lot of names which could then be applied to city-of-origin categories. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:46, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) ::::That will most definitely be helpful. Btw, when you get to North American settlements, you'll find that many kinds of them—cities, towns, townships, boroughs, unincorporated locations, and so forth—have exquisitely precise definitions in the law. "Independent cities" (e.g., [[:en:Fairfax, Virginia|Fairfax, Virginia]]) may be located wholly within counties but are legally outside them. Correlating Latin terms with local concepts could sometimes be problematic. I've already added [[Oppidum Novae Angliae]], a particular kind of town. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:26, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) I'm about to create a few categories of this kind as examples. When those few exist, I'll ask for comments and possible adjustments before doing any more. Your comments will be eagerly awaited. Watch this space ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:55, 27 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :OK, but my neighbors and I might be distracted for a couple of weeks—because the circus is coming to town! (http://www.festival.si.edu/2017/circus-arts/smithsonian) Expect a few new circus-themed articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:43, 27 Iunii 2017 (UTC) ::I have created some categories for [[:Categoria:Homines per urbes digesti]]. You can see them all there, mostly new, but including some miscellaneous ones that you, I and others had created already. They are worded "Incolae Romae" etc. Corresponding categories on other wikis are usually worded in English "People from Rome", in German "Person (Rom)", in French "Personnalité liée à Rome", etc. ::I suggest that we follow a guideline of ensuring there is a category for the city (creating it if necessary) before creating a category for "Incolae" of the city. That way, we can be sure that the same name is used and that the categories will be easy to find. ::I am building them up by incorporating subcategories for ::* people who have taught in the city, see [[:Categoria:Professores universitatum et scholarum per urbes digesti]] (German wiki normally has subcategories matching these, English only occasionally) ::* people who have studied in the city, see [[:Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum per urbes digesti]] (other wikis generally don't have this subcategory, but may include these people randomly) ::* bishops and local politicians etc. (English and other wikis do this similarly) ::It would be possible ''either'' to create subcategories for people who were born in the city and who died in it (French and some other wikis have done this systematically, see [[:fr:Catégorie:Décès à Rome]] and [[:fr:Catégorie:Naissance à Rome]]), or simply to include all such people directly as "Incolae" without subcategories. Do you have any thoughts about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:19, 6 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: I wonder whether it is worth the effort to manually maintain "born-in-this-city" and "died-in-this-city" categories. Wikidata can give the answer if needed: here are two quick-and-dirty queries for [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=1153220 people with an article on Vicipaedia that were born in Marseille] and for [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=1153221 people with an article on Vicipaedia that died in Marseille]. (Note that these queries are quick-and-dirty in the sense that they currently only show persons for which Wikidata specifies they were born/died in "Marseille" itself, and currently do not show persons for which Wikidata specifies they were born in parts of Marseille, e. g. in the "2nd arrondissement of Marseille" - but it would probably not be too difficult to adapt the queries to include at least some parts of the territorial entity as well.) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 20:04, 6 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Thanks for commenting, UV, I had a feeling you would notice this discussion. Your point about the use of Wikidata is important, and your example searches are very interesting. Given that only a few readers will use CatScan queries directly, are you thinking that we could and should persuade a bot to use Wikidata to produce born-in-city and died-in-city categories? (I imagine that the French wikipedia did this.) ::::A major question is, how reliable would that information be? I had noticed that Wikidata sometimes gives a place of birth or death that is either more specific (a district or even a building) or more vague (a province) than we would like. Also, naturally, Wikidata sometimes takes an apparently false place of birth or death from a Wikipedia that happened to have inaccurate information. The false and too-vague data should eventually be improved on Wikidata, and in that case would eventually be corrected in a bot-produced category. On the other hand, as you say, the query used by the bot would have to be shaped as well as possible to deal with over-specific data, because such data will probably increase: general policy on Wikidata seems to favour it. ::::My current feeling is that in spite of imperfections it ''would'' be useful to create these two subcategories automatically for those cities for which we have an "Incolae" category (probably a growing number). This would save manual labour, while still leaving us free to add the simple "Incolae" category directly on pages for people who didn't study or teach or come into the world or die in the city, but notably lived and worked there. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:21, 7 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: You are right that Wikidata encourages the use of very specific places of birth and death (e.g. hospital or road or urban district over city), and you are absolutely right that information on Wikidata is sometimes inaccurate and sometimes vandalized (just like information on Vicipaedia or any other wikipedia). ::::: I have no objections at all against an "Incolae" category for people who notably lived and/or notably worked in a city. ::::: It would surely be possible for a bot to produce and to update born-in-city and died-in-city categories, using information from wikidata. I, however, do not have the time to do this myself, and furthermore I am not sure whether such bot-generated and bot-maintained categories are the way we should go. ::::: We might, however, consider creating a template that we could use on our "Incolae" categories and that provides two links very similar to the two links above: one link to the query for people born here and another link to the query for people who died here – either as a first step towards such categories or as a replacement for such categories. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:57, 7 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :For the record: I've gone to the circus and shall have no time for a few days. ¶ Too bad an encyclopedia can't always distinguish between a (legal) residence and a domicile. For example, a US citizen can be a resident of one state (for the purposes of voting, paying taxes, getting a driver's license, and being counted in the census) while spending most of his or her time (that is, "living") in another. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:17, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Well, yes, an encyclopedia can make such distinctions in footnote-supported text. I can imagine citing news reports about British and European politicians who notably don't seem to live where they claim to, or seem to live in several places at the same time. Wikipedia categories, though, don't help in such cases: they are ON/OFF, and you can't footnote them. ::I take UV's point. Perhaps the suggested template is a better idea. Although I see some value in the well-stocked born-in and died-in categories available on French wiki, I must admit that it is a limited value. The fact that I was born in Liverpool isn't notable to me or to anyone else -- the hospital happened to be in Liverpool -- and there are many other such cases. When writing short political biographies I say where the subjects grew up whenever it differs from the place where they were born: the place where they grew up, and the places where they studied and worked, are significant in their lives. Analogously, an "Incolae" category that editors have chosen to add in each case will have greater value than a born-in or died-in category. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:32, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: I have made a start – see [[Formula:Incolae urbis]], [[:Categoria:Incolae Berolini]] and [[:Categoria:Massilia]]. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:50, 8 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Neat, but there's one problem, I think. It didn't strike me before. These queries result in a list of Wikidata pages that contain links to Vicipaedia pages. OK, but Wikidata pages are user-unfriendly: most readers would not understand how to get back to Vicipaedia from there. Is it possible to make queries resulting in a direct list of Vicipaedia pages? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:18, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: Good idea, I have changed the queries accordingly. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 12:19, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::: … and I have now improved the queries: They should now include people born in hospitals, urban districts etc. as well. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 15:26, 9 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ==[[Lympha]]== Iacobus, how are you? Would it be possible to ask what you find incomprehensible or grammatically wrong? Thank you for your time in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:01, 20 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Projected "supplementum" space == Please, Iacobe, if you have any further ideas or comments -- positive or negative -- chime in at [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Spatium supplementorum]]. Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:32, 25 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == [[Geometria]] == Hello, a few months ago you uncommented a section in [[Geometria]] about axioms. Do you happen to know what axiom system it is? They're not the ancient Euclidean axioms, nor the more modern axioms of affine (or projective) geometry. If they're some unknown system, I'd like to replace them. [[Usor:Bavo C. Jozef|Bavo C. Jozef]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavo C. Jozef|disputatio]]) 19:38, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC) == Categories == Hi, Iacobe. I realise I was deleting redlink categories the same day you were creating categories. If I deleted any that you were about to turn blue, revert me without a qualm. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:25, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) :That's OK. I'd intended to do the categories soon after adding the articles, but they must have slipped through the cracks. I've recently been working my way through categories for the batch added on 30 November, and am about halfway through. Unfortunately, this is a busy time of year. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:28, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::Then I'll leave the rest a bit longer. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 22:04, 17 Decembris 2015 (UTC) == de sepia vel saepia == Salve Iacobe. Certe recte scripsisti ''sepia'' pro ''saepia''. Sed animadvertimus Plinium Maiorem pluriens'' saepiam'' scribere et Ciceronem in sua ''Natura deorum'' l. c. in editione Teuberiana item de ''saepia'' agere. Qua de causa ''saepiam'' vocabulum non plane falsum iudicandum esse egoquidem puto. Vale. --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 15:18, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) : Sinete, o amici, me intervenire sermoni. Equidem puto ''saepiam'' hypercorrectismum esse, quo librarii medii aevi usi sunt. De Plinio quidem nihil certi nunc dicere audeo, utrum hic hypercorrectismus ex ipsius an ex editoris manuscripta deteriora secuti calamo ortus sit. Quod attinet ad Ciceronem (''Nat.deor.'' 2.127), solum in editione Plasbergiana (Teubner, 1917) ''saepiae'' scriptum esse videtur, quamquam editionem Axianam (Teubner, 1933) consulere nequivi. Ceteris in editionibus ''sepiae'' scriptum est. Praesertim editionem Josephi B.Mayor dico auctoritate gravem, quem H.Rackham secutus est in editione Loebiana (1933). [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 19:35, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::Probe dixistis, amici, ac scitote nos in dicione immortalis [[Linnaeus|Linnaei]] hic habitare, qui nomen ut videtur ''sepia'' scripsit. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:31, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) ::@Neander: Salve. Quid scriptum sit in editione Axiana anni 1961 (sc. in editione stereotypica editionis secundae 1933), cognitum habeo: ''saepiae'', ut scripsi. In apparatu critico nullam invenio adnotationem pertinentem ad hanc rem. Sed non affirmo vocabulum ''saepia'' propabilius esse quam ''sepia''. Immo - immortalis Linnaei praesidio - non mediocriter sum miratus legens ''saepia'', non ''sepia''. Valete. -[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 21:51, 20 Decembris 2015 (UTC) {{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:52, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Non stipula == I found the page you wanted: [[Usor:Amahoney/Non stipula]]. The ones that have been marked for longest are at the bottom of the page. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:27, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :A useful list!—but apparently not updated in almost half a year. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:44, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::Perhaps the winter break would be a good time to ask for an update. :) Also useful, however, is [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Formula:Non_stipula]], which I think is in order of page creation. I've deleted a few recently, but only those which I thought might never rise to stipula status. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 15:48, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::I've done a few too, similar cases, tagged much longer ago than six months. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:49, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::::Quite a few them—[[Ahura Mazda]], [[Aphrodite]], and all other major godlike entities; [[Apostolus]] and all other consequential religious & philosophical terms; [[Carcharhiniformes]] and all other taxonomic terms at and above the level of [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordo]]; [[Perotinus]] and all other historically indispendable composers, artists, and so on—are impossible for any respectable encyclopedia not to have and probably therefore shouldn't be deleted. Trivia like [[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]] and out-of-the-way hamlets not so much! (Insert arguments about notability here.) Maybe there should have been a category like "non stipula, but must not be deleted" for those. Just kidding! A proliferation of these formulas may not be a good idea. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:05, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Well, we have the choice: either add non stipula, or add a cogent sentence and a source! It doesn't take much. But it's time to do one or the other, surely. A ten-word article about a major topic does us no more credit than the absence of an article. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:13, 6 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) In case you hadn't noticed this, [[Usor:Amahoney/Non stipula|Anne's list]] has now been updated. Earliest at the foot of the page. Hence, indirectly, Jondel's message on my talk page today. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:27, 27 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) == Losing articles == Wikipedia cannot afford to lose articles for silly reasons. If you see the grammar is poor, then you yourself should fix it instead of putting a deletion tag on it. [[Usor:Philmonte101|Philmonte101]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Philmonte101|disputatio]]) 23:28, 11 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :Take it up with [[usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]], who invented the augenda formula, and [[usor:UV|UV]], who imposed the pessima formula. It isn't an article: the augenda formula tells you what it lacks and, if it's to survive, what it needs. Meanwhile, if you care to save it, you might want to improve the text, which at the moment stands thus, with a literal English translation: ::'''North Coast Inland Trail''' (Anglice) est et sternet sibi Ohium. ::There is (in English) the '''North Coast Inland Trail''' and it shall stretch Ohio out for itself. :That's the likeliest syntax that makes the grammar of the whole text work. Of course, variants of vocabulary are available: for example, "it overthrows Ohio for itself" (but that and others are even more bizarre than the one given above); also, ''se sternere'' is an idiom meaning 'to lie down', but "it shall lie down, Ohio" leaves Ohio unexplained, unless Ohio is undertaking the action: ::There is (in English) the '''North Coast Inland Trail''' and Ohio shall lie down. :Was the original a machine translation? If so, you see, via literal English glosses of it, why machine translations are generally deprecated. For the question of how long impossible texts may survive, see various discussions in the Taberna, where talk is often in English so it may have the widest possible audience. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:19, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::I wasn't directly involved in the point that Philmonte101 raised, because I didn't put the "Delenda" tag on the article. Mine was the "Augenda", which says approx. "improve within three months". But, to be frank, I was being generous and optimistic. If an article consists of 10 words (4 in English, untranslated, and 4 which don't seem to make sense) Vicipaedia ''can'' afford to lose it. It would be easier all round to delete it and start again. Hence I think "Delenda" was a practical solution. But if Philmonte101 wants to improve the article (there was no sign of that initially), that's even better. ::Hmm ... afterthought ... I'm no oracle, but does the "101" by any chance imply "US student beginning Latin"? If there's a class that wants to work here, we can happily work along with that and help. The teacher just needs to speak up, and we can discuss. Articles can be marked {{expungo|{{[[Formula:In usu|In progressu]]}}|Nomen formulae mutavit --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} {{fn|In usu}} "please leave alone -- work in progress" or {{fn|Succurre}} "please help". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:43, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::A North American beginner's attempt, especially if guided by a teacher, is likelier to have the syntax of ::::'''X''' est res in Ohio. :::That it doesn't here could be suggestive. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:21, 12 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ::::I'm not a student of Latin. In fact I honestly don't know much Latin at all. [[Usor:Philmonte101|Philmonte101]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Philmonte101|disputatio]]) 00:38, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Thanks for replying, Philmonte -- and thanks for your involuntary hospitality Iacobe :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:13, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) :::::Thank you Iacobe and Andrew for your hospitality and being accommodating. To Philmonte , please understand that there is a lot of things that need to get deleted in any wiki, really. We do want quality articles here don't we? Allow me to beef up the North Trail as best as I can, although, I do need to study more Latin. I highly recommend Latin yourself Philmonte, it would be good for your.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:56, 15 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ==Ligeti== Hi. Thanks for your edits to the article I created. What do you mean by the maxdubium sign? I'm not exactly sure! Do you mean the Latin's bad (it seems OK to me) or that the article is (it is getting off the ground!) [[Usor:Knucmo2|Knucmo2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Knucmo2|disputatio]]) 20:47, 23 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC) ==[[Toth]]== Iacobo si tibi placeat qua videtur dubium sit et emenda si possis. Gratias tibi ago.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 13:15, 1 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ==[[Selfie]]== Hi Iacobus, how are you? Kindly you indicate what you feel is wrong or dubius and allow for discussions.Thank you. --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:37, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) :In your sentence ::Saepe monstratur in [[Interrete|interretiale]] retio{{dubsig}} [[societas humana|congregabilio]]{{dubsig}} [[situs interretialis|situ]] sicut [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], [[Snapchat]], et [[Tumblr]]. :This ''reti(us/um)'' is not a word, and ''congregabili(us/a/um)'' is not a word. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:04, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) ::It was meant to be rete and congregabile. Thank you for your time!--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 16:00, 20 Februarii 2016 (UTC) == De "re" quadam == Iacobe, I'm not sure if I understand your question (regarding [[arcus caelestis]]): "But is it really a phenomenon (and not a res)?" What I'm wondering in particular is how definig arcus caelestis as "res" (instead of "phaenomenon") would add to our understanding of the definiendum. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 13:23, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :Not sure I do either, but as long as it's linked to [[phaenomenon]] to show that it's not a [[noumenon]], it's probably OK. Cantius himself contrasted rain (a noumenon) with a rainbow (a phaenomenon). I wasn't sure that you actually wanted to go there, and a general term (like ''res'') would avoid the philosophical allusion. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :: OK, thanks. One of the reasons I didn't provide "phaenomenon" with an internal nexus was that I wanted to hold to everyday use (like in the English wikipedia and elsewhere) instead of swamping into Kantian questions. We can't have any empirical knowledge of noumena, except that they (must) exist. It's my understanding that rain and its causal relation to rainbow are all phenomenal. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:00, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) :::"Phaenomena": ''appearances in the air or sky'' (Lewis & Short, citing Lactantius and alluding to the Latin versions of Aratus) -- as I expect you both know already. It doesn't appear to me that Cicero used the word "Phaenomena", but Germanicus [if it was he] probably did. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:23, 13 Martii 2016 (UTC) == More positive? also more ominous? == You were right to tag [[Hilarius Putnam]], of course, but (forgive me if you really knew this perfectly well already) for new pages in 2016 the best tag to use is {{fn|Augenda}}. This is because it can be dated e.g. "Augenda|2016|03" and because it allows just 3 months' leeway rather than 6. Fewer of them are appearing, month by month, thank goodness. It will be easier to shepherd them, tend them, and even slaughter them if they can't be saved, in monthly cohorts ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:18, 24 Martii 2016 (UTC) :Oops. Forgot. Busy for a while. ¶ Met him once or twice in the 1960s, when he was perceived to be quite the radical in a political sense. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 24 Martii 2016 (UTC) == [[Michael Fred Phelps]] == This is one of your very old pages. There was a lot of English still in it, which I've tried to clean out (I suspect you never really finished it off): therefore the count goes down, and it's among the 10,000 pages. Thought I'd mention it in case you have a spare moment to add some nice Latin to it :) If you want that English back as a basis for further work, just revert me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 2 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :Spare moments are few & far between these days (aside from times when coffee is being sipped and the little gray cells are resting, able to do little more than add the NS formula without thinking), but after your ministrations, the text still has 7,840 characters, which times 1.07 = 8,389, still ''above'' the intermediate (8,000) cutoff for the 10K list. The higher cutoff is 16,000, unlike the 1K list, whose cutoffs are 10,000 and 30,000. (The authorities like to confuse us.) So perceptions of urgency are not required! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 2 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == De nominibus constellationum == Hi, Iacobe. Please don't move any constellation pages without checking the official Latin name. The Latin names are international, easily checked on any serious astronomical site, and I think all our pages agree with them till the two you moved today. The anonym who is adding. names and references maybe doesn't know this, and the references and added names do no harm, but they shouldn't Trump (if I may use the expression ) the modern official names ... Which I will source myself if necessary when I am no longer limited to the editing that an iPad can do ... Greetings from beautiful [[Tenos]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:30, 11 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) :No problem. It was a chance event, not part of a broader program. Enjoy the isles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:15, 11 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) ::Thank you very much, Iacobe! My daughter and I did a lot of hill-walking but no astronomy. Now that I'm back, I'm adding sources for our Latin names of constellations. ::Interesting that our anonymous editor went on to alter the Latin names on the German article [[:de:Liste der Sternbilder in verschiedenen Sprachen]] (mentioning in an edit summary that you had moved the relevant Latin pages -- hence was evidently watching you carefully). Also that in adding footnotes to our page [[Dorado (constellatio)]] this editor pretended that the sources support only "Xiphias" whereas in fact those sources, now that I've checked them, support the official name "Dorado" as well! These clues suggest that the editor has an agenda which doesn't simply favour encyclopaedic Latinity; or, at least, should be persuaded to get an account and explain. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:04, 20 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Parallel 5 N == You may have seen my latest comment in that discussion: if you care to add a source and a few words of text, then of course the page becomes a self-respecting stipula and there's no earthly need to delete or merge it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:58, 22 Aprilis 2016 (UTC) == Officina == Salve Iacobe. Iamne consonamus cum verbo 'Officina' significante anglice 'office',tibi?--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:52, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I'll put in my twopenn'orth if you gentlemen permit. The senses of office and "officina" may overlap but they are far from identical. For the head office of a large business, my old dictionary suggests "sedes" or "domus". For the office as the section of any business where they do correspondence etc., maybe "scriptorium" (but it's not a classical term in this sense) or "tabularium". But what will Iacobus say? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:07, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Both Cassell's and Traupman define 'official' only as ''publicus.'' Traupman amplifies that by adding the example ''domus publica'' for 'official residence'. For websites, that would seem to be the most appropriate way to go; however, I've sometimes used ''proprius'' in the sense 'personal, individual, special, his/her very own'. ''Officialis'' is postclassical; see [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dofficialis L&S]. ¶ According to Traupman, a place of work is an ''officina,'' a political office is an ''honor,'' and a duty is an ''officium.'' In the case of ''officina,'' the element of work is apparently the key point: some sort of labor must occur there, as the term can be glossed 'shop, workshop, manufactory, laboratory', and even 'place where fowls are kept', presumably because the work done there is the laying of eggs and the hatching of chicks ([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dofficina L&S]). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:25, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::The only sense of 'office' relating to 'a place of business' given in Cassell's is "''tabularium'' (= record-office)." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:31, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::According to [https://books.google.com/books?id=baxAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA315&lpg=PA315&dq=scala+musica+sunt&source=bl&ots=YZ0GvhlZfr&sig=7uEzk3GYeOBbFAT_legOkBSXPHw&hl=en&ei=-MHATNeZCIOC8gat2p3ZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&sqi=2#v=onepage&q=office&f=false Ainsworth's] (the early-19th-century dictionary), the navy-office is the ''curia navalis,'' the place where you'll find a prince's master of ceremonies is a ''salutatorium,'' and the place where you'll be tortured & executed ('the hangman's office'!) is a ''carnificina''—but otherwise, the welter of examples given illustrate only senses having to do with things that must be done (duties, functions), by their silence perhaps implying that we use the term ''office'' in reference to a location much more readily than our ancestors did. That, in turn, might be a caution against looking for a single, general way to translate the term. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:55, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::::... agreed: but, yes, "curia" is worth considering. Hadn't thought of that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:12, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) Your insights are valued, Andrew and Iacobus. You are aware that in Vatican/Catholic Latin, 'dicasterium' appears? Anyway is 'tabularium' ok for 'office for daily business transactions'? The future article will leave out 'function' or 'role' meanings.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 14:33, 1 Maii 2016 (UTC) == [[Eliana]] == [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#De Eliana et lingua valentina|Lectiones]], quas mihi [[Usor:Spqv]] proposuit, fortasse ad te mittere debuit? Haud scio! Maiuscula adiectivorum ethnicorum hodie rursus correxi; de aliis rebus curare potes si vis ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I've seen the discussion in several disputation pages but haven't had the occasion to add anything. Certainly the Loeb Library edition capitalizes adjectives (and adverbs!) derived from proper nouns. If you want an example, here's one I found in quite literally three seconds: ''Reatina rura'' 'the country about Reate' (Suetonius, vol. 2, p. 302). Also, in dates, I should think writing ''III. Kal. ian.'' for ''III. Kal. Ian.'' would look strange (''Ian.'' there being an adjective), as would ''graece'' and ''latine'' and such. (Both Cassell's and Traupman capitalize them all.) Certainly capitalizing proper adjectives & adverbs has been the ''mos Vicipaedianus'' since the beginning. ¶ Generally, when contributors pop up to push a particular theory, they work on one particular item or set of related items and then disappear, so the damage to consistency is negligible. An example of that is the fellow who changed every (attested!) ''televisificus'' to (unattested!) ''televisivus''—with extensive disputing about why the latter is better—and then vanished. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::That reminds me: one thing that lowercase-loving writers don't appreciate (or should we say not value highly) is the distinction that variable capitalization can make between, for example, ''mos Vicipaedianus'' 'the Vicipaedian custom' (referring to the Latin one) and ''mos vicipaedianus'' 'the wikipedian custom' (referring to the whole enterprise, the collection of wikipedias). This is the same point as ''Africa Orientalis'' 'East Africa' (a formally defined region) and ''Africa orientalis'' 'eastern Africa' (some vague area, perhaps accompanied by hand-waving). But I digress. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:05, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::Granted: the original question is about ''ethnic'' adjectives only; but as the response implies, that can be construed part of a larger question. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 4 Maii 2016 (UTC) De litterarum maiuscularum usu in gentilicios: Scriptura romana distinctionem inter maisculam et minusculam non cognovit. Scriptura mediaevalis cognovit distinctionem, sed non habuit regulam certam. Vide quodlibet manuscriptum mediaevale. Unde haec regula oritur? Ex lingua anglica. Eruditi anglici opera latina, grammaticas et thesauros secundum propriam ortographiam scripserunt. Propter linguae anglicae potentiam hic mos hodie servatus est etiam ab multis scriptoribus hispanis, italicis et lusitanis (qui non habent hanc regulam). Conclusio: lex non est, sed mos. Tu, more anglico, scribes “Romani”; ego, more hispanico, “romani”. Sed nec fiat mos regionalis lex universalis. Latinitas longa, vita brevis. De nomina moderna transferendo in latinum: Ego non video “José Plácido Domingo” versatum in linguam anglicam: “Joseph Pleasing Sunday”, ne quidem “Joseph Pleasing Domingo”. Nec “George Walker Bush” in linguam hispanam: “Jorge Peatón Arbusto”, ne quidem “Jorge P. Bush”. Et cetera, et cetera. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Tell it to Laurentius Rabe (1465–1527), the Silesian scholar & poet, who called himself [[:en:Laurentius Corvinus|Laurentius Corvinus]]. Tell it to Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672), the preeminent early Baroque German composer, who called himself [[Henricus Sagittarius]] ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz auf Deutsch hic]). Tell it to Philipp Schwartzerdt (1497–1560), the German theologian, who called himself [[Philippus Melanchthon]] ('Atra Terra'): he changed "his surname from 'Schwartzerdt' (literally 'black earth'), into the Greek equivalent 'Melanchthon' (Μελάγχθων), ''a custom which was usual among humanists of that time''" (emphasis added). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:16, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) Haec deformatio vel pervertio aperte risu (vel irae) dignum est. Homines romani et mediaevales latina nomina habebant. Homines moderni (praeter summos pontifices vel raros viros illustres) sua nomina in propria lingua maneant. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) De regulis ad nova vocabula latina fingenda scribam in extenso alio loco. Parire monstrua sicut: “teleiussibulum”, “laophorium”, “chamulcus”, “diamesolabeta”, et cetera vitandum est. [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 18:40, 5 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Salve Spqv! Conversio praenominum, multum alibi disputata, statum [[Vicipaedia:De nominibus propriis|regulae]] apud nos accepit. Hic etiam est mos multorum qui hodie extra Vicipaediam Latine scribant, ut [http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/letters/2016/documents/papa-francesco_20160418_patrona-lussemburgo.html in Vaticano] (Rainerio Mariae). :Recte dicis vocabula recentia saepe utilia esse. Sin bonum locutio vel vocabulum classicum classicum exstat, eo uti malumus. Exempli gratia, in pagina disputationis Andreae de vocabulo "mercatus, -i" scripsisti. Fortasse haec declinatio apud scriptores Medii Aevi reperiri potest, sed cur non "mercatus, -ūs", quod apud Ciceronem, Livium et alios reperitur? [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 23:39, 9 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Similiter, in [[Eliana]] he/she had written "mercatos . . . aspiciebat," and thinking it was a typo, I corrected it to "[[mercator]]es . . . aspiciebat," but he/she has reverted that change, going back to ''mercatos.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:23, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::Verbum q.e. "mercatus -i" (meá paginá disputationis propositum) nullo fonte reperire possum. An fontem adducere potes, Spqv? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:00, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) Salve, Spqv, maiuscularum usum Anglicum tibi displicere non miror, cum mihi quoque alienus videatur, nam in terris septentrionalibus idem fere mos maiuscularum scribendarum est ac apud Hispanos. Multi tamen sunt qui credant urbanum esse usui Anglico morigerari. Paucis ante diebus titulum "[[Bésame Mucho]]" iam octo fere annos conservatum in "Bésame mucho" mutavi. ¶ Ut dicis, "lex non est, sed mos," et de moribus non est disputandum. Cum quidem aliqua uniformitas praeferenda sit, ego pro mea parte ex auctorum Romanorum editionibus philologis (Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, Les Belles Lettres) rationem scribendi deprompsi. Dicat quispiam, ne horum quidem morem sibi consistere. Fortasse ita, sed "pictura grandis" uniformitatem satis bonam exhibet. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 08:11, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) :A cautionary note: remember that were talking about ''coding'' here, not about how texts appear on readers' screens. Coding texts in uppercase/lowercase style ''enables'' readers who wish to see nothing but lowercase text—or nothing but uppercase text, in the antique Roman manner—to use gadgets to do so (while it enables readers who wish to see uppercase/lowercase style to do so); coding texts in lowercase style ''prohibits'' readers who wish to see uppercase/lowercase style from doing so. The former enhances individual liberty; the latter squelches it. Those are the potential extremes. What seems to be in play here is the ''degree'' to which uppercase/lowercase style should be hard-coded. Expressions of anguish over the evils of English, which have explicitly appeared in talk pages from time to time over the past ten years, are't necessarily free of the appearance of what used to be called a cultural cringe. Ironically, they sometimes ignore actual English style, which, for example, has the Great Pee Dee '''R'''iver and the Little Pee Dee '''R'''iver, but together the Great Pee Dee and Little Pee Dee '''r'''ivers (lowercased because ''rivers'' isn't part of the ''name'' of either entity). Or, to cite a possibility where a preference for lowercasing adjectives leads into logical error: ''Virginia Occidentalis'' (a state west of Virginia) and ''Virginia occidentalis'' (an area in Virginia): those are not the same things, though universally lowercasing adjectives makes them so. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:50, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::In case it's of interest, Captain Grammar Pants [sic] laid down these rules in Facebook just twenty-nine minutes ago: <<If you are located in the South, you may capitalize the word because it is a place. You might live in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, but you can still have friends in the East. However, when someone travels south to Brighton or north to Darwin, do not capitalize the direction. A key memory trick is to note that if it’s “the West,” with “the,” then capitalize. If it’s “driving west,” do not capitalize. As for the adjectives southern, western, northeastern, etc., capitalize them when they refer to a cultural identity (e.g., “Western thought”) but not when they are just regular adjectives (e.g., “the southwestern states”).>> Note the "key memory trick." Latin lacks this ''the,'' and therefore can't make this distinction with a word, but it can do so with a capital letter. ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:37, 10 Maii 2016 (UTC) “Mercatus, -us” habet sensum vetus (locus ad quem mercatores emendi vendendique gratia conveniunt) et sensum modernum secundum modernam scientiam oeconomicam. Igitur melius est: “agricultura elianensis mercatus aliarum nationum aspiciebat”. “Mercatores” error non est sed in hoc casu melioris electio non est. De usu maiuscularum: In omnibus linguis semper possibilitas confusionis est. Scriptores et lectores italici, hispani et lusitani proprias linguas comprehendere possunt, quamvis anglica regula de gentilicio vocabulo non utuntur. Quod ad me attinet, ego bene intelligo “civitas Graeca” et “civitas graeca”, “rex Persarum” et “rex persarum”. Optasne forsan universalem grammaticam? Pulchrum propositum; sed cur, casu, anglica grammatica universalis est? De nomina moderna: Post s. XVI multi nomina latina sibi imposuerunt, velut Renatus Cartesius (René Descartes † 1650), et cetera, et sic legimus opera latina qui iidem scripserunt. Alli non mutaverunt propria nomina, velut Immanuel Kant († 1804), qui scripsit latine dissertationem “De mundi sensibilis forma” et nomen germanum non mutavit. Vide opera eius. Sed illo tempore multi de philosophia eius latine scripserunt et nomen eius mutaverunt: Emmanuel Kantius. Quoque Thomas Hobbes († 1679) in Hobbesio mutaverunt, et cetera. Ergo hodie licitum est haec nomina latina uti. Sed qui ipsi nomina non mutaverunt neque nullam relationem ad linguam latinam habent, cur mutare? Omnes linguae (Vide Vicipaedia) dicunt “George W. Bush”; sola Vicipaedia latina in “Georgio” mutare audet, etiam “Bushius” uti. Omnes dicunt: “José Plácido Domingo”; sola Vicipaedia latina: “Iosephus Placidus Domingo”. Pessima sors evenit praesidenti Barack Obama, cum Baracus euphemismus anglice (= bad ass) etiam est, hodie toto orbe notissimus, et omnes actoris “Mister T” memori sunt. Et cetera et cetera. Ridiculus mos delendus est. Num sola nomina latine scribere scimus? Utrum encyclopaediam an rem comicam Vicipaediam latinam esse exoptamus? [[Usor:Spqv|Spqv]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Spqv|disputatio]]) 10:31, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :Brevissime (si permittis, mi Iacobe) verba mea interpono. Vicipaediani hic, sicut in aliis linguis, a fontibus externis incipiunt. "Baracum" scribimus non e mente editoris cuiusdam, sed quia fontem Latinum habemus. Praenomina, quae formam Latinam traditionalem habent, convertere solemus non quia consuetudinem e novo invenimus, sed quia scriptores Latini temporis nostri (e.g. scribae Vaticanae, editores qui titulos Latinos divulgant, oratores universitatum, etc.) eandem rem faciunt, morem maiorum sequentes. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:58, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :: Non quidem omnes scriptores, mi Andrea, nam scriptores Nuntiorum Latinorum praenomina missum facere solent. ''Barack Obama, Vladimir Putin, John Kerry, Sergei Lavrov'' scribunt, quamquam, si opus est, ''Vladimirum Putin'' declinant. Ut iam antea monui, morem nostrum nimis orthodoxum esse puto, nec hos laudo Vicipaedianismos: ''Kevin Costner'' apud nos [[Coemgenus Costner]], ''Tamara Smirnova'' apud nos ex arcanis [[Thamar Smirnova]], ''Brigitte Bardot'' apud nos per miram metathesin [[Birgitta Bardot]], etc. Veniam da, si insolentius haec profero. Neminem offendere volo. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 12:57, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::Me non offendis! Neque Coemgenum neque Birgittam (tamquam nomina) amo. Usum nominativi nativi casuumque obliquorum declinatorum iamdudum suasi et ego, si recte memini. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) :::In the world at large, translating forenames into local languages appears to be the default, not the exception, and it cannot therefore surprise anyone. Certainly the world has millions of boys formally named (in Spanish) ''Juan Pablo'' in honor of the man whom we call in English ''John Paul'' but whose proper name was ''Ioannes Paulus.'' Indeed, the Polish wiki, in his native language, translates his name into ''[[:pl:Jan Paweł II|Jan Paweł]].'' The Samoan wiki calls George III ''[[sm:Siaosi III|Siaosi III]]'' and Elizabeth II [[sm:Masiofo Elisapeta II|Elisapeta II]]. Plenty of similar examples can be found, even in the rarefied atmosphere of Wikilandia. The practice called ridiculous above may in modern languages be the norm; at the very least, it's not at all unusual. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:48, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::An norma sit, i quaere! Sed, sicut dicis, saepe fit. Graeci hodierni qui [[Syngraphus|syngraphos]] habent ibi duo nomina praebent, Graece (stylo classico) et Anglice. Insuper praenomen demoticum habent. Igitur [[Georgius Papandreu (natus 1952)|Georgius Papandreu]] est Γεώργιος apud situm parlamenti Graeci, Γιώργος in diariis, "George" apud Anglos, "Georges" saepius apud Francicos: in syngrapho suo, si recte intellegi, praenomina habebit Γεώργιος et George. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:03, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::::: Iacobe, papae et reges/reginae hypocoristica quadam vi et sensu a vulgo distingui videntur. Licet ''Jan Paweł'' inter Hispanos ''Juan Pablo'' sit, ''Jan Matejko'' inter Hispanos non ''Juan Matejko'' appellatur. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:20, 13 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Rosa Viterbiensis == Gratias, Iacobus. --[[Usor:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|Cláudio José Aarão Rangel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Cláudio José Aarão Rangel|disputatio]]) 14:40, 8 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Correction == Could you please correct the text in [[Iacetania]]? I am not sure if thre is any mistakke --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 21:03, 21 Maii 2016 (UTC) :I found some. The notice is to put links like this Regnum =><nowiki>[[Regnum]]</nowiki>. I think it is ok and removed the notice.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:46, 22 Maii 2016 (UTC) ::Well, almost. The Augenda formula was because the article wasn't complete, with sufficiently long text and reliable external sourcing. The Vicificanda formula was because some of the styling wasn't quite right; it's mostly OK now, but a few quirks remain, like the number 18.664, which is in the wrong form (Vicipaedia follows [[ISO]]). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:12, 22 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Jamaican creole == Hi! Sorry to bother but could you please explain me the template <nowiki>{{Latinitas|-2}}</nowiki> and the word "Stipula". --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 18:33, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) :''Stipula'' = 'stub', which Vicipaedia defines technically according to criteria specified by the <nowiki>{{Non stipula}}</nowiki> formula, less completely by the (new) <nowiki>{{Augenda}}</nowiki> formula. Latinitas = 'Latinity', a judgment of (mostly grammatical) quality from 1 to 7, where 1 is best. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:39, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) : Thanks for clarifying it and for your help. :) --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 19:25, 23 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Num opportet omnes subscriptiones puncto concludere? == Salve Iacobe, cordialiter te invito, ut istam quaestionem nobiscum in Taberna diputares. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:15, 26 Maii 2016 (UTC) == Have you a moment? == ... if so, please glance at [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Litterae Asturianae]] and maybe give Katxis some hints. I have to break off here. Of course I know you're busy too ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:06, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Time to break off here too, but categorizing the new articles is probably more urgent. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:14, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Litterae Asturianae == Hi! I've made some changes in [[Litterae Asturianae]]. Could you please take a look at it? I hope it is better now. --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:12, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ::Not just yet; still fixing the categories in articles added yesterday, and no time left today to complete even that task. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:30, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :: No worries. Whenever you have time, please check it out. If you need a hand with categories, just ask me and I'll try to help you. --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:55, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) : Regarding [[Estoria de España]], is there any template to indicate that I am still writing the article? --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 14:13, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ::Happened to see this. Fixed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:25, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Cultura Romana antiqua etc.]] == It's quite a long conversation now, but if you cared to add a comment just at the end it would be welcome :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 20 Iunii 2016 (UTC) == Articles == Could you please correct the words that are wrong? --[[Usor:Katxis|Katxis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Katxis|disputatio]]) 02:15, 22 Iunii 2016 (UTC) :Ut ait noster Andreas: "I want to be helpful but I cannot spend time on your pages every day. I am only one user, like you, and I have my own work to do. I suggest, if you want help with each page, that you ask each time at the [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:41, 22 Iunii 2016 (UTC) ==familiariter utitur== Iacobus I just want to express that I appreciate your research about this usage and hope you continue doing this kind of research here at wikipedia.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 08:55, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) == [[Transplantatio organorum]] == Hi Iacobus, I realize you are busy but could you help me out with this article, what you find dubius or incorrect. Thanks in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:42, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) :Yes, I'm busy, but worse: I'm not even here! You might find me [http://www.festival.si.edu/ on the Mall.] ;) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:08, 3 Iulii 2016 (UTC) :::Ow knock yourself out, PARTY!!! Anyway, tonight <s>we dine in HELL!</s> I will be posting the English version and hopefully Neander (and you would help me out :) ).--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:14, 4 Iulii 2016 (UTC) I have cousins in Sta Ana and Orange County and stayed there. They drove me all the way to Las Vegas.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:16, 4 Iulii 2016 (UTC) == hymni == Salve, Iacobe. Inspicias quaeso paginam ''hymnus'' eiusque indices omnes fere rubricatos. Hi cantus, ut mi videtur, nullo modo hymni possunt dici. Sunt, ut tu ipse in pagina discussionis affirmas, res aliae. Nonne delendi sunt? --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 14:56, 5 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ==dubsigs== Salve Iacobus, ut vales? May encourage you to continue placing dubsigs, they are very useful both for learning and fixing the latin. I may be working to fix the nympha marina, for example to replace ascitur with collegitur or additus.Thanks and best regards.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 01:10, 7 Augusti 2016 (UTC) :Salve Iacobe, gratias ([[Oxazepamum]]). hoc mei auxiliarissime sentio. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 12:54, 23 Martii 2017 (UTC) ==[[Bili ape]]== Hi Iacobus , kindly be more specific about what is incorrect or vague with this article. Thank you.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 15:21, 24 Augusti 2016 (UTC) == De latinitate maxdubia == Iacobe, [[ethica deontologica|ethicam deontologicam]] tantis erroribus scatere vidisti, ut commentationem latinitate maxdubia scriptam esse iudicares. Cum tu et ego soli textum ediderimus, nec credo te textum a te ipso editum vituperare, fieri potest, ut meam latinitatem repudiaris. Itaque rogo, ut errores in textu repertos indices. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 13:21, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) :I didn't deliberately add that marking and I don't know why it's there! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:40, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ::Wait! I've figured out how it happened! I was copying the image :::<nowiki>{{Latinitas|-3}}[[Fasciculus:Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg|thumb|200 px|Ieremias Bentham.]]</nowiki> ::from the page on [[Ieremias Bentham]], and as you see here, the "Latinitas|-3" came along for the ride. I didn't notice it! Since your Latin is far better than mine, you can be sure that I wouldn't intentionally mark it maxdubia! (I'll go and delete that rating now.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:45, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ::: OK, to tell the truth, I had to rub my eyes a few times, but it didn't go away! ''':–)''' [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:58, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) ===Bono=== By the way, you might want to think about rephrasing "Rectum Bono praefertur." It's perfectly good Latin, succinct & clear, but impressionable teenagers are going to snicker that it means 'A rectum is preferred to [[:en:Bono|Bono]].' (!!!) Maybe lowercasing ''bono'' would help. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:52, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) : As you certainly have realized, I have a near-compulsory dislike of initial majuscula. ''':–)''' Now that I for once used this stylistic gimmick, the result is deplorable: comparing Bono with rectum, and preferring the latter! Phew! Maybe it's better, indeed, to return to my old habits. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 15:58, 31 Augusti 2016 (UTC) == [[Abrahamus Bloteling]] == Salve, Iacobe. Jacobsdr. (Jacob dochter) valet "Iacobi filia". --[[Usor:Maria.martelli|Maria.martelli]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Maria.martelli|disputatio]]) 17:59, 1 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Edwinus Atherstone and Stropha regalis== Salve, please forgive me using international language instead of Latin, but I did not have much Latin at school. Thank You very much for reviewing my articles. I think Edwin Atherstone should be in Latin Wikipedia, as he wrote chiefly about ancient wars, battles and disasters. Perhaps another, more detailed, article about ''The Fall of Nineveh'' should be made and - one day I hope - will be written. Another thing is about Stropha regalis. I had no source for Latin name of the stanza, it is just a translation. I do not know, if somebody ever wrote about the form in Latin. You surely know that the strophe is called also Chaucerian strophe or Troilus strophe, but I did not find any text written in Latin with such terms. I just thought that Kynaston's work should be appreciated. May be, his translation is the only example of the use of rhyme royal in Latin. Although ''non sum dignus'', I would like to write something else for Latin Wikipedia, but I am afraid I will work very slowly. Thanks once again ([[Usor:Anagram16|Anagram16]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Anagram16|disputatio]]) 23:20, 3 Septembris 2016 (UTC)) :Any honest attempts to contribute are welcome, so please feel free to continue, and good luck! One of the best Latin poets of the nineteenth century is said to have been [[:en:Walter Savage Landor|Walter Savage Landor]]. He got into legal trouble for some of his Latin insults. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:02, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Thanks for the Muisca additions == Hi IacobusAmor, thanks for the Muisca articles you translated into Latin. For me it's too long ago and too far down in my brain to actively use Latin, but nice to see. What about adding a category Muisca, to have the (hopefully) future articles organised in one category? The detail I am building in en:wiki may be too much for now, but 1 cat for "Muisca" would be good? Keep up the good work and I will hopefully add more Muisca soon. ''Ex nihilo nihil fit''. Cheers, [[Usor:Tisquesusa|Tisquesusa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tisquesusa|disputatio]]) 00:35, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) :You're welcome. Our category maven is Andrew Dalby; I prefer the category structure of the English wiki, but it gets adjusted over here. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:02, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) ::First time in my life anyone's called me a maven! ::Of course a category can be added as soon as anyone's sure Vicipaedia will have a plurality of articles on the subject. A category that remains populated by only one article is at some risk of being eventually merged or deleted. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:17, 17 Septembris 2016 (UTC) == Alta Franciae == Salve Iacobe, rogo te, ut responsum meum in pagina disputationis '''Alta Franciae''' [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputatio:Alta_Franciae] legeres! Spero valeas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 23:41, 3 Novembris 2016 (UTC) == Secretary of Labor == I noticed the Latin equivalent you cited, "Secretary of Labor = Minister Laboris". What do you think about this yourself? I asked myself the question just recently when making navigation boxes for other US "Secretaries". Eventually I saw no reason not to use the word "secretarius". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:29, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) :I suppose they're both OK. I've been treating governmental departments as ''ministeria,'' and so their heads might just as well be '''''ministri''''' (of whom the chief is of course the [[primus minister|primus]]). For the political sense of 'secretary', Traupman gives the generic term ''(ad)minister''—but then he gives six examples: secretary of agriculture, commerce, education, the interior, state or foreign affairs, the treasury = ''agriculturae provehendae, commercii, eruditionis, rerum interiorum, rerum externarum, aerarii '''praefectus.''''' So that's not one, not two, but three possibilies! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:50, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) ::For a governmental agency (distinct from a department), I've been using ''agentura,'' which seems to be unclassical. The distinction has just become urgent in the United States because Donald Trump apparently wants to hire his son-in-law to work for him in the White House, but a federal antinepotism law forbids such a thing in governmental "agencies"—and so Trump's apologists are now arguing that the White House isn't an agency. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:56, 20 Novembris 2016 (UTC) == [[:Categoria:Pagi Samoani]] == ''A propos'', you might care to glance at your pages in this category. Some are currently marked "augenda". All they lack, I think, is an external source. It may even be that one source would serve for all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:52, 4 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Yes, I've been thinking of tidying them up, alongside certain Oceanic languages, as part of a December cleanup. So much to do! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:27, 4 Decembris 2016 (UTC) == NexInt == Nesciebam de elegante nova formula {{fn|NexInt}}, mi Iacobe! --[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 08:40, 9 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Multae res fiebantur te absente, amice! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:09, 9 Decembris 2016 (UTC) ==De nexibus rubris== Why you put link with page that don´t exist? That is unnecessary, and hurt the seeing.--[[Usor:Al-Baco|Al-Baco]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Al-Baco|disputatio]]) 16:59, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) :Mos vicipaedianus. Maybe you didn't notice that I inserted two correct links whose bad versions you'd deleted (if you'd tried harder, you might have found them: [[gens Iulia]] for the wrong <nowiki>[[Iulia (familia)]]</nowiki> and [[Bucolica]] for the wrong <nowiki>[[Bucolica (Vergilius)]]</nowiki>); one of the other red links will be turning blue today because of an article that's about to be added (because the red link enticed me to work on it). Also, the page in question ([[Aeneis]]) is one of the [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome 10,000 officially most important pages], and for purposes of the competition at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles Meta], longer is better. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:33, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) ::I agree with Iacobus. Red links are often very useful, because they encourage people to create needed articles (compare the English guideline at [[:en:WP:RED]]). [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 18:01, 27 Decembris 2016 (UTC) == Papuan languages == It's really good to have some articles about languages of this group. How about the suffix -ana? Do we need to do that (given that e.g. English doesn't)? ''Should'' we do it without a source for the adjective? My feeling would be that "Lingua Angal", like the English, works OK and means that we aren't inventing anything. But what's your view? Happy New Year, incidentally :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:32, 1 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :Well, unless you have a source, I'll move those pages. Several years ago I verified all the names of language pages, moving those whose "Latin" name couldn't be verified. Let's keep up that standard: nolemus fingere. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:01, 26 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::Ah, what? (Sorry; missed this.) It seems like a productive suffix to me. (Indeed, it's officially so in botany.) The English ''Engan languages'' presupposes Latin ''linguae Enganae,'' not ''linguae Enga.'' Similarly ''Papuan'' and ''Papuana.'' And so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:34, 26 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::Consider the pagenames [[Lingua Angaliana]], [[Lingua Engana]], [[Lingua Huliana]], [[Lingua Ipiliana]], [[Lingua Kewana]], [[Lingua Kyakana]], [[Lingua Lembena]], [[Lingua Neteana]], [[Lingua Samberigiana]]. I haven't seen any parallel outside Latin for those names: I think they are made up. If there ''are'' parallels, please, by all means cite them! Otherwise, these seem to be unnecessary inventions. We're not supposed to do that, and we don't need to. :::What I mean is, we could just say "lingua Angal" etc. and that means we're not making anything up. Isn't that better? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:27, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::::Yes, that's fine, but the English does warrant a differentation between ''lingua Enga'' ('Enga language') and ''linguae Enganae'' ('Engan languages'), the ''anus'' suffix serving a linguistic function; compare the ''icus'' suffix for protolanguages. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:35, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::::I agree with that, and I think the English names for the ''groups'', containing that Latin suffix -an, indeed give us just the precedent we need for names in -ana. You pointed this out above, incidentally showing that my initial comment wasn't perfectly clear (I was probably rushing to save the page before dinner). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:51, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == Nystalus Obamai etc. == I'm enjoying learning about an unexpected aspect of the Obama legacy. Thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :You're welcome. One or two more biota named after him have no entry in any wiki yet, and I haven't had time to compile an article on them de novo. Feel free to do so, if you like! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:24, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) ::I'll try to get ''[[Teleogramma obamaorum]]'' (a fish named for the whole family) done soon. There's a Cuban bee with no separate article (of genus ''[[Lasioglossum]]'') and a parasitic worm (''[[Paragordius obamai]]''). So that's ten items. Will Trump have more? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:33, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :::Note the genitive seen in ''obamai‎.'' Do zoologists know that they're using an archaic form here (''obamāī'')? They've probably decided to form genitives universally by adding ''i'' to proper nouns. With names ending in ''a,'' botanists wouldn't do that, would they? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:43, 27 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == Mandarins == You were right to reinstate the "FD ref" against "Lingua Mandarina normalis" -- I carelessly deleted it while preparing a version of the beginning of that article to go on our pagina prima. Do you have anything to add at [[Disputatio:Lingua Mandarina]]? All comments welcome! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:49, 31 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) :But I hadn't noticed your deletion! I was just wanting to prompt people to search for a source. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:51, 31 Ianuarii 2017 (UTC) == [...]² == Yes, and you can tell me what my page interferes on the other articles? I'm not causing any problems on other pages, you just go to my page if you want, no one is forcing you. --[[Usor:HunteWinchester123|HunteWinchester123]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:HunteWinchester123|disputatio]]) 21:31, 12 Februarii 2017 (UTC) :Nobody said anything about interference. I was just trying to be useful in suggesting ways you might help with the project. That, after all, is the central question: how can we improve scope and the Latinity of Vicipaedia? I'm not an administrator, so feel free to take your questions elsewhere. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:57, 12 Februarii 2017 (UTC) == Punctuation in captions == You might want to comment at the Taberna? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:25, 21 Martii 2017 (UTC) == de partibus frumenti == Salve amice! Ut video, in pagina ''fascis'' heri laboravisti. Certe eam partem frumenti, e qua fasces fecisti, ''caulem'' appellare licet. Sed usitatius et testibus melius probatum mihi vocabulum ''[[culmus]]'' videtur esse. Tu quidem de ea re quid sentis? Vale! --[[Usor:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bavarese|disputatio]]) 10:27, 2 Aprilis 2017 (UTC) :Qua pro causa definitionem in Wikipedia Anglica iam in paginis privatis converteram ut commentarium de culmo in Vicipaediam mox inonerarem. Ideo ambo texta nunc misceo. Manent autem haec verba: ::<small>==Malting==</small> ::<small>In the production of malted grains the culms refer to the rootlets of the germinated grains. The culms are normally removed in a process known as "deculming" after kilning when producing [[hordeum vulgare|barley]] malt, but form an important part of the product when making [[sorghum]] or [[millet]] malt. These culms are very nutritious and are sold off as animal feed.<nowiki>><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAP/FRG/AFRIS/Data/467.HTM | title=Malt culms, malt sprouts, malt coombs | publisher=Animal Feed Resources Information System}}</ref></nowiki></small> :Gratias! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:02, 2 Aprilis 2017 (UTC) == Timothaeus? == Hi, Iacobe. I doubt that "Timothaeus" is a usual spelling: I think the name comes from Greek Τιμόθεος, which converts normally to Latin "Timotheus". The spelling "Timothaeus" is fairly rare on Google. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:30, 25 Maii 2017 (UTC) :Oops. Well, let's change it back then. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:08, 25 Maii 2017 (UTC) == Poets == It is distinctly useful to have lists of poets by country. I'm really glad you're doing that! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:51, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :Thanks. A few have problematic nationalities, so they're being left for later. It's surprising how many countries have no poets. Sadly, one is finding that many of these articles, especially those that date from the early days of the project, were typed with characteristic sloppiness, and their coding wantonly includes extra spaces, extra blanklines, unnecessary italics, gratuitous instances of "right" and "250px" in illustrations, the use of "mortuus est" where "mortuus" is better, and so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:25, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) ::So many of those pages copy-edited, so many still to do. Let us praise the Vicipaedian who gave us such entries rather than no entries at all, but I only wish that, having typed them, he had paused for a moment to read them :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:58, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) :::Yes, but that's the least of our worries (says someone who lives a mile from the White House). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 7 Iunii 2017 (UTC) == [[Lien]] == Thank you for your help in analysing the article. Please feel free to provide constructive advise or even correct it. I will be making some corrections. Thanks in advance.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:01, 28 Iunii 2017 (UTC) == Imagines bis datae == When we have a duplicate image because of the addition of an infobox, there's sometimes another way to deal with it. If the image is not a mugshot (I hate the term, but they use it as standard on Vicipaedia Anglica these days), it may be better to insert a mugshot as the preferred image at Wikidata, and to retain our image on our page ... which will (a) with luck, have an informative caption, and (b) no longer be identical with the image that comes through from Wikidata. This is what I have done at [[Guillelmus II (rex Siciliae)]] and [[Lucius III]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:38, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :OK, but note the problem with bibliographical formulas that random recasting turned up in [[Lucius III]]. The best way to handle bibliographic entries might be to use a formula that will produce text in a style chosen by readers. Sometimes one sees hard-coded styles or formula-produced styles that make one say "Ugh," but some of these formulas are obscure enough not to be modifiable without bothersome research. This is an ancient problem. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:47, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::...err.. I wasn't talking about bibliographical formulas but about the infobox. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:13, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :::Yes, I was acknowledging the problem of twice-given images and then raising another issue. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:05, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::That's good. ::::I don't know what the bibliographical issue was (was it on those same pages?): my general response is that we ought really to be able to agree on a bibliographical format, but it would require discussion and compromise. If that happened, we could keep to the agreed standard in future, and all formulae could be adjusted to match, quite easily in most cases. I don't think anything's hard-coded. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:15, 12 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Gualterus Ophamil]] == Hunc effectum produxit interventio tua: ''Delle Donne, Fulvio. 2003. {{{3}}}, "Gualtiero" in Dizionario biografico degli Italiani (Romae)? 60: 224–227.'' Auctoris nomen D.J.A. Matthew minime redarguisti, quia Dalby id fecit? Et quid sit de latino disputando? --[[Usor:Enzian44|Enzian44]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Enzian44|disputatio]]) 00:40, 13 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :I just happened to look at that page this morning. I removed your hidden text in English: surely it's bad to add hidden text, especially if not in Latin, to a page that is in a good state? It makes the page worse in general. Specifically it makes it more difficult for other editors, especially those who don't use English, to edit. I notice that the hidden text was about the problem you raise in our discussion just above. Always happy to discuss bibliographical formats, but let's do it where others can join in :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:41, 13 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Zubin Mehta]] == It was an almost empty page to which I added some curriculum vitae. So, what made you then add "ScDub"? Was it some terrible mistake of mine? Do tell ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:57, 28 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :He's a conductor, not a [[concentus magister]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:39, 28 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Well, if you couldn't remember the Latin for "conductor", why didn't you at least say what was wrong? A tiny bit unhelpful to put a tag like that, without explanation, on a page which has two inaccurate words. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:40, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::: In rebus musicis variae notionum confusiones esse solent, sicut hic. [[Herbertus de Karajan|Herbert von Karajan]] "concentus magister" appellatur, et [[Leonardus Bernstein|Leonard Bernstein]] "dux orchestrae", quoae appellatio invicem in "concentus magistrum" dirigitur. Equidem [[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok|lexicon Vilborgianum]] secutus illos homines (nec non Mehtam) '''moderatores musicorum''' dixerim. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:06, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::::Gratias ago. Id nunc scripsi, formula {{fn|ScDub}} deleta. Tibi placet, Iacobe? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:30, 29 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == "Fixed typo" == I was looking through your recent contributions, hoping to spot a potential pagina mensis, and [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brasilia&diff=next&oldid=3284318 this caught my eye]. You're 100% right, needless to say. Maybe you are aware of what I'm going to say already, but just in case you're not: there is an anonymous user who quite frequently inserts low-grade vandalism with edit summaries like "fixed typo". Curiously, in this case, it wasn't ''exactly'' vandalism: a reasonable person might really feel that Michel Temer is not among the must-have illustrations for an article on Brazil. However, whether this means that the said anonymous user has suddenly come out as left-of-Genghis-Khan, or has a politically active twin sister who uses the same edit summary, or it's a complete coincidence, isn't clear, at least to me ... If you have any recent long articles that you'd like to suggest as pagina mensis, please say at once! now's the time! I have left this a bit too long. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:45, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :I didn't know that, about low-grade anonymous vandalism, but now that you explain it, it seems likely—and human nature being what it is, we can predict with a fair degree of confidence that the world has produced more than one such perpetrator. (I hadn't noticed it here before; maybe you're speaking about other wikis?) ¶ As for paginae mensis, have we done [[Petrus Seeger]]? As you probably know, you can find my contributions in the series of annual pages of which [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/Addita_anno_2017 this] is the current one. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:03, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) ::Thanks very much, I was trying to remember the name, of course I'd seen the Pete Seeger article. It will surely be used. I'll put a comment on the Pagina mensis page asking for other suggestions. Don't hang back. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) :::[[Fasciculus:PeteSeeger2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3]] That article has a thickly revelatory historical photo, showing the First Lady of the United States being entertained by a U.S. Army soldier who at the time was (secretly) a member of the Communist Party, surrounded by blacks & whites in a city where the mixing of the races at social events was generally prohibited. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iulii 2017 (UTC) == [[Ecclesia Sancti Ioannis Baptistae in Pulchra Villa]] == Tibi gratias ago, vale!!! [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 14:33, 16 Augusti 2017 (UTC) == Two formulae or one? == Hi, Iacobe. I notice that you continue to use both "Non stipula" and "Augenda". And why not? Both exist! But I was wondering whether both of them ''need'' to go on existing, or whether we can merge them. What do you think? The advantage of "Augenda" is that it is dated (to the month) automatically, making it easier to see when a page is out of time. A substantive difference between the two is that "Augenda" offers three months, "Non stipula" six months, but that's really just history and I don't believe there's any reason to continue with two different deadlines. Anyway, I'd be glad to hear your views. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:13, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) ::I thought we'd agreed that inadequate articles contributed ''before'' some fixed date (July 2016, perhaps) were to get the "Non stipula" formula, and any such articles contributed ''after'' then were to get the "Augenda" one. Maybe the agreement was unclear. ¶ Many times, however, I've asked myself if especially the older "Non stipula" ones shouldn't be sent to some sort of limbo, rather than the death row (so to speak) where they now live, subject to random execution. After all, some of them are in the 10K---or even 1K---list, and Vicipaedia can't afford to go without them. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :::Indeed, I feel sure you're right and we did say that initially, but I am wondering if the distinction continues to be useful. :::As to being on death row, I see what you mean but I regard these formulae as being the "limbo" rather than the "death row". I don't think I have ever deleted a page that was in the 10,000 (or maybe there was one, consisting of nine totally useless words) and even with other pages I'm sure we all often improve them, to push them over the bar, rather than let them fall. If we're worried about this, incidentally, we could agree that six months is a better deadline than three months. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:22, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :A propos, but a very minor point, I couldn't see what made [[Libatio]] a "Non stipula" so I took out that formula. Please put it back by all means, but maybe with a helpful hint :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:24, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) ::Ha! I was just intending to remove the expired "succurre" formula; so you did right. As a rule, all pre-breakfast edits should be subject to more scrutiny than properly caffeinated ones! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) :::A useful rule, I'll remember it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:22, 20 Septembris 2017 (UTC) == Beneharo == What it means is: That Beneharo accepted the Spanish conquest of the island. In all the Latin articles of these Guanche kings he speaks of this, of the kings who fought against the Spanish conquerors and the kings who peacefully accepted the conquest. :[[Adjoña]], [[Añaterve]], [[Beneharo]] and [[Pelinor]] accepted the conquest peacefully. :[[Acaimo]], [[Bencomo]], [[Pelicar]], [[Romen]] and [[Tegueste II]] did not accept it and war with the Spaniards. Greetings.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/87.223.177.29|87.223.177.29]] 08:21, 25 Septembris 2017 (UTC) == De pagina prima mea== Pagina mea habebat magnos erroros, quaeso adiuvatis me corrigere hos erroros, sed scio Latine male. Debeo scribere: nescio Anglice item. Scribitisne Russice? P. S. Nolite delere paginam meam, Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :Ne te crucia: paginas delere nequeo. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:06, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::Intellegisne quid scribam in pagina de signis? Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::Intellego. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:14, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::Num haec pagina habet grammaticos errores? Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::''Errorus'' non est verbum Latinum. In dictionario vide ''mendum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:03, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::''Error'' est verbum diclinationis tertiae. Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::::Ita vero, ''error'' est verbum Latinum; ''erroros'' tamen non est. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:30, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::Videbam huius verbum in vocabularo Dvoretscii. Tamen, quaeso corrigere mea munda in pagina de signis diacriticis. Товарищ герцог Мальборо [die 11 Novembris 2017, hora 13:58)] :::::::Tempore hodie careo. Vale. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:30, 11 Novembris 2017 (UTC) ::::::::Intellego hanc phrasam. Gratias. == Usus declinationis == Salvete! Habebam usum diclinationis antiquae in verbo ''error'': alternatio '''o''' et '''e''' in principio huius diclinationis erat (legebam de historia morphologiae Latinae) Et nota vestra exacta est. In Latina Classica (et Latina vulgaris item) "error" est verbum diclinationis tertiae. P. S. Gratias, commilito. Cognitiones vestrae in Latina magnae sunt, sed meae malae sint. Товарищ герцог Мальборо :Si de historia morphologiae Latinae legebas, optime, o amice. Sed hic scribenti, adiumenta petenti, tibi melius erit consilium accipere: linguá Latiná "erroros" error est :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:43, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) :::Gratias, Andrea! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:15, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) :: Ubi est linguá Latiná in historia huius linguae? Non videbam haec verba in libro. Videbam tantummodo alternationem diclinationis tertiae. Товарищ герцог Мальборо :::Hmm, melius mihi erit in [[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|pagina disputationis tua]] respondere. (Ave, Iacobe!) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:49, 12 Novembris 2017 (UTC) Non ''tua'', sed ''vestra''. Respicite meam personam, quaeso[[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо == De [[Henricus Dundas|Dundate]], politico Anglico == Salvete! Si vultis, potestis corrigere meos error'''e'''s huius paginae.[[Usor:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|Товарищ герцог Мальборо]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Товарищ герцог Мальборо|disputatio]]) 16:17, 9 Decembris 2017 (UTC) ==Double infinitive == Happy New Year Iacobus!! This is an example of a double infinitive([https://www.google.com.ph/search?ei=RoBRWrrVIcWR8gX83oj4CQ&q=Ita+hac+opinione+fretus+tuto+se+facere+posse+existimabat.&oq=Ita+hac+opinione+fretus+tuto+se+facere+posse+existimabat.&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i160k1.25309.25309.0.26605.1.1.0.0.0.0.259.259.2-1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.1.258....0.s2Tr0eS7Ni8 Ita hac opinione fretus tuto se facere posse existimabat.]) with which you created so much attention. Best regards.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 02:09, 7 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) :Forgive me for intruding -- I have no idea of the context of your discussion, Donald Trump and Michael Wolff must have monopolized ''my'' attention -- but double infinitives are quite often seen in the context of an accusative and infinitive construction (with main verb of saying or thinking, ''existimabat'' in this case) if the leading verb within the construction (''posse'' in this case) would regularly demand an infinitive anyway. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:08, 8 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) ::Mysteries abound! Maybe someone will supply a link? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:20, 8 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) My apologies, I can't seem to find the link, I'm obviously mistaken. Although I've been avoiding this usage. Thanks Iacobus and Andrew for clearing this up.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 12:30, 9 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) == I reverted ... momentarily ... == ... at [[Septentrio]], because by removing the old interwiki links you demonstrated that, for some strange reason, no Wikidata link had taken their place. So I created a Wikidata link, and then restored your edit. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:04, 9 Ianuarii 2018 (UTC) == Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey == <div class="mw-parser-output"> <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. 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Some people ''do'' call it an apple, and some artists have painted it as such. I guess one could expand the sentence to say that the texts don't support this identification and there are many others. Would that be your solution? But I guess what's really needed is a Latin page corresponding to [[:en:Forbidden fruit]]. The identification is discussed at length there, and illustrated with a Breughel/Raphael painting in which it certainly is an apple, though Adam seems to be looking at the wrong (pair of) fruits. 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We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to [[:m:Special:EmailUser/WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. [[m:Community_Engagement_Insights/About_CE_Insights|Learn more about this survey on the project page.]] This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation [[:foundation:Community_Engagement_Insights_2018_Survey_Privacy_Statement|privacy statement]]. </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[[m:User:WMF Surveys|WMF Surveys]]</span>, 00:48, 20 Aprilis 2018 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:WMF Surveys@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Engagement_Insights/MassMessages/Lists/2018/we6&oldid=17898672 --> == [[Formula:BE-WLX]] == Hi, Iacobe. Your edit to this template was maybe a slip of the pen? I reverted it. A template (formula) isn't an encyclopedia page, needn't be wikified, and shouldn't be lengthened. It wants to be as short and efficient as possible. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:47, 5 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Oops. I didn't notice. Thanks for fixing it! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:45, 5 Maii 2018 (UTC) == Gosh == Gosh, here am I reverting again. That move to [[Syndroma Skuminianum]]: the rule is to cite a source when you move a page, unless you do it to improve poor Latinity. In this case you weren't improving, because (a) syndroma is feminine (if I mistake not, Watson) (b) "Skuminianum" seems to be a made-up word. Tell me if I'm wrong. I found and cited a source for "Syndroma Skumin", see the footnote, but I'm not satisfied with it: it's a wild wiki and could well have been written by our own contributor immediately before our page was created. However, if there is eventually no good source to be found, "Syndroma Skumin" contains no invented words and would therefore remain acceptable as a translated term, if I understand our guidelines correctly. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:31, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Since the time of Caesar at the latest, a syntactic transform functional in the living language has been (and in botany formally remains) freely to add ''(i)anus'' to make an adjective from personal names. See [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xa_CpgHUlbsC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=einsteiniana+sunt&source=bl&ots=MQD5Q4HB29&sig=iKYJ3xeT4UCwiXgFNFIXmzGsTf8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp2PaC4_jaAhXBVt8KHT8fCMcQ6AEwA3oECAAQVA#v=onepage&q=einsteiniana%20sunt&f=false ''formuala illa Einsteiniana''] (by Stephen Berard) and [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2007/nuntius.php?id=334 ''Oratio Bushiana''] (at ''Ephemeris'') and [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=1286 de administratione Trumpiana] (also at ''Ephemeris''). ¶ ''Syndroma'' could well be feminine (and as such it does get hits via Google), but examples of neuter exist, both on the internet (e.g., [https://portal.abczdrowie.pl/pytania/villi-placentares-et-residua-deciduae-sine-villoris-cum-signis-syndromatis-arias-stellae-w-wyniku-badania-histopatologicznego "cum signis syndromatis Arias-Stellae,"] and in Vicipaedia itself (e.g., in [[Antiarrhythmicum]]). Something to be investigated! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:08, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::Well, go ahead, but it's borrowed from classical Greek συνδρομή, 1st decl. feminine, already used by medical authors to mean 'concurrence of symptoms' etc., so I'm thinking those people have made a mistake. ::I agree -ianus and -ensis are actively used in classical-to-current Latin to form new adjectives. If I encounter apparent neologisms of this kind in our ''text'', and they read naturally, and I can understand them, I generally leave them alone. But in pagenames our rules surely don't allow us to make up such words. Since our pagenames are (willy nilly, via Google) an almost universal source on the Latin name for things, and it's good that Vicipaedia (willy nilly, via Google) is taken seriously on this, we should be careful with pagenames and follow our guidelines. ::Of course it's just great if ''Ephemeris'', or the Vatican, or the Linnaean nomenclatura, or a university oration, or any recent Latin publication, gives us the word. That's quite different: we use the word and cite the source. Others can see where we got the word from, and judge the name accordingly. We don't help anyone if we make up words in pagenames. Let's face it, it is common in classical-to-modern Latin to borrow foreign names in an unchanged or transliterated form, and most modern languages do the same. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:11, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::: Who writes ''syndroma, -atis'' commits an understandable mistake called hypercorrection. It's true that the shape of ''syndroma'' suggests a neuter noun for anyone with some knowledge of Greek, but ultimately, each word has a life of its own. The natural Latin counterpart of Greek συνδρομή is ''syndroma, -ae'' like the counterpart of Greek κόμη is ''coma, -ae''. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 16:15, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) ::::As far as I understood the a-declension in ancient greek for singular (nom., gen., dat., acc.) is: συνδρομή, συνδρομῆς, συνδρομῇ, συνδρομήν; plural: συνδρομαί, συνδρομῶν, συνδρομαῖς, συνδρομας. Would that be correct? Further, I read, it may be possible in latin to use to form of declensions, a latinized and a greek version: ::::Latin: syndroma, -ae, -ae, -am, -ā; -ae, -ārum, -īs, -ās, -īs. ::::"Greek" forms correct?: syndromē, syndromēs ?, syndrome (/-i?), syndromen, syndromē; plural: syndromae, syndromon?, syndromīs?, sydromās, syndromīs? ::::Apud varias dissertationes inaugurales I found several forms of συνδρομή, ''f''. with ''greek'' declensions: nominativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=L0BdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndroma&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRpbHm3szeAhVDNOwKHetZARQQ6AEIVjAG#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndroma&f=false|ipsa syndrome]", accusativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=dCsWVLZ3S7MC&pg=PA3&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndromes&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd-JDN_8zeAhUSzoUKHev8D8U4ChDoAQg1MAI#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndromes&f=false]syndromen", ablativi "[https://books.google.de/books?id=RhFeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=dissertatio+inauguralis+syndroma&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRpbHm3szeAhVDNOwKHetZARQQ6AEIZDAI#v=onepage&q=dissertatio%20inauguralis%20syndroma&f=false|in syndrome]". Somehow it appears to me, the greek derived forms could the preferred ones. What do you think? ::::[[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 19:30, 11 Novembris 2018 (UTC) == à propos == It's amazing how often a chance edit of yours lays bare the fact that something deeper may be wrong with a page. I have now tagged [[Syndroma Skumin]] for deletion. On the disputatio page see my references to the repeated deletion discussions on en:wiki. And please comment, either way :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:54, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) :A mystery! The doctor's bio in the English wiki does cite the syndrome, but with a link to the French wiki. The Russian has a suffix that seems to make the term ''Skumin's syndrome'' or ''the Skuminian syndrome.'' No more time today. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:26, 9 Maii 2018 (UTC) == Civitate Italus == Salve, Iacobe! Conlator "2A02:A03F:5050:C100:69F0:9420:F30D:545B" maluit ''civitate Italus'' &c scribere, et quidem recte; cf. Cic. de legibus 2.5 "ortu Tusculanus ... civitate Romanus". [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 11:39, 15 Maii 2018 (UTC) :Ubi? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 15 Maii 2018 (UTC) == US of A == Thank you very much for struggling to keep this in its proper place. I have blocked the other user. I notice that the version I restored has L-3. It's a pity that such a busy page is marked thus (though it's not the only one!) Could you possibly try to judge what might be wrong, and, if you can't put it right yourself or the problem is too general, indicate briefly on the talk page where work is needed? That would be really helpful. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:22, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :No time at the moment for any major work, but my memory is that parts of the text are more or less L-1, but some sections are L-3 or worse. Maybe the average could be raised to L-2. As for the renaming of the page: I defended the lemma but thought it best to let a magistrate handle the redirects, lest I inadvertently do something to make the situation worse. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:49, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) ::It looks as if yours truly on 11 Iulii 2011 raised the rating from L-4 to L-3 (where it's remained ever since) but had earlier lowered it from L-2 to L-4. Clearly something to check when time becomes available! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:03, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :::Thanks, that already gives useful clues. I'll have a look myself. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:39, 7 Septembris 2018 (UTC) == Mass creation == As with the Big Bang (but unfortunately Wikimedia was not functioning at that epoch, hence the mess the universe is in right now) a mass creation can be mass deleted. As soon as I saw your alert I did that. Another time, no need for you to edit them all: the single message was enough. But thanks for your tireless vigilance! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:30, 20 Septembris 2018 (UTC) :It's good news indeed that you have a reset button—as long as it's applicable globally. What if 100,000 different IP addresses more or less simultaneously added 100,000 articles each? Could that kind of attack be instantly undone too? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:06, 20 Septembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Mohamed Salah]] == I restored the text (which maybe you never saw) just in case the creator wants to emend it: otherwise "delete" will certainly be the answer. In the meanwhile, note the term "ius-winger". How would you go about explaining to Google Translate that it doesn't quite work? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:58, 6 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :The article when it came into view on my screen consisted of a blank page, which naturally wanted to be deleted. "Ius-winger" LOL. Not even "ius-alator" or "alaficator." :D [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 6 Octobris 2018 (UTC) == Three templates are too many? == I suggest that adding three templates all at once, even to a highly unfinished page, is too much: it's like three punches in the nose. If the "augenda" template is attended to, "delenda" will become false; if the "augenda" template is ignored, deletion would follow. Hence, logically, use "delenda" only if the prescriptions given under "augenda" would not cure the problem. Does that work? It is, probably, impossible for unfamiliar users to create a fully satisfactory page via a mobile, but the system encourages them to try. We're mopping up the mess. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:55, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :OK, now that (as chance had it) I'm about done with this basket of hiccups posing as articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::Wait! It might be said that the Augenda formula doesn't require the text to have a lemma. Novices need to be told precisely the kinds of changes they should make. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:05, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :::I can say "wait!" too. I think I really mean, roughly two templates plus <nowiki>{{Nexus desiderati}}</nowiki>. We have to have interwiki links. But that one is a small template at the foot of the page, more like a dig in the ribs than a punch in the nose ... :::Yes, lemma is true: this user omits lemmata. We could addd that point to the "Augenda" formula. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:16, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::::It could be said to be there in the phrase "textu, qui rem definit," but novices may take the ''rem'' as being the title, rather than the (boldfaced) subject of the first sentence, so the wording of the Augenda formla might want to be more explicit. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:48, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) :::::I added the need for a lemma. One is compromising between the perfect and the possible: not all tirones know how to do boldface (but any subsequent editor can add boldface for them, so I didn't demand it); but then, not all tirones know what a lemma is ... Still, it may help! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:37, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) ::::::Macte! Sed in "cum nomine paginae congruens" melius ''congruente''? Sive quam speciose ''congruente paginae nomine'' (the model syntax in Bradley's Arnold being ''vera animi magnitudo'' 'true greatness of mind')? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:29, 20 Octobris 2018 (UTC) == [[LZ 129 Hindenburg]] == I noticed your helpful edits to this page. I changed the order of the supplementa to "Notae, Bibliographia, Nexus interni, Nexus externi" as we [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 18#Structura paginae|discussed]] and [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae|fixed it in 2011]] and [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Structura paginae#Placement of Nexus interni|confirmed it in 2016]] ... Easy to forget, I know! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:02, 21 Novembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Ricardus Simmons]] == It's maybe worth explaining, incidentally ... I see ''now'' the history of "Ricardus Simmons" with all your reverts and all your improvements, but I never saw any of them at the time when you made them because you marked them all as "minor". You're a highly trusted, highly experienced user, so I don't check your minor edits, and I don't suppose any other magistratus checks them either. That's why your capitalized appeal to sleeping MAGISTRATUS was never seen by me, nor, probably, by any magistratus, even when we woke up. By ticking the "minor" box you were saying "No one needs to look at this", and that included the edit summary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:37, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) :Oh. I didn't know that. My screen shows all the minor edits, where much of the action is! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:27, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) ::And I'm very glad you do watch them. It's amazing how many undesirable small edits you catch and correct. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:22, 3 Decembris 2018 (UTC) :::I shouldn't have reverted you today -- Jeff Dunham's Latin was worse than I thought. This happened because I had improved it and had then carelessly reverted ''myself''. 31 December resolution: no more reverts. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:54, 31 Decembris 2018 (UTC) == [[Seleucia ad Tigrim]] == I noticed your much-needed improvements, also the move of an image to the top of the page. I moved it back again -- here's why. There was already one image at the top (a map); if we put multiple images at the top of any page, it means, on a mobile screen, you have to sweep downwards some way before you see any text at all. Half our readers, or more, are on mobiles, and many of these with short attention spans, and it's better if they see at least some text before flicking on impatiently. In fact the Wikimedia people who do the mobile design recommend ''no'' image before the first paragraph of text. Personally I think that would be pointless or counter-productive -- and an enormously laborious change on all the Wikipedias -- but ''only one'' image before the text is probably a goodish idea. As to ''which'' image should come at the top, that's quite another question, one that is well worth pondering, if we hope to catch the eyes of the same mobile readers. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) :How about putting all such files but the first immediately after the first paragraph, as I've just done with [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridiana)]]? Since we don't know how they're going to sort themselves out later, when articles will be expanding, often by a huge factor (five! ten! twenty! forty!), we might as well just put them in one place and let later graphic designers choose their best locations. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:00, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) ::For the same reason, and for general design reasons, it's surely better still to sprinkle them through: one at the head of each section or each paragraph ... Which is roughly what we normally do anyway ... A big bunch of images at any point suggests a badly designed article. If starting a stub one might add a couple of extra images that seem essential so as to have them ready when expanding, but why more? Those who come along afterwards to enlarge the article will want to choose, and will have more and different images to choose from than we have, and can look at en: and other wikis to get more ideas: to spend time choosing for them would be a waste, wouldn't it? ... But I must admit, life is short, the art of writing a Vicipaedia is long, we merely do our best :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) ::On another matter, I hope you don't disapprove of the "page-of-the-day" idea for the [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima]]. In the nature of things, choosing among recent pages means choosing yours as well as others ... No harm in highlighting them, I feel. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:47, 5 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Shorter way? == Not wishing to divert a discussion that's going on elsewhere, I comment here: ''everything else'' (as in ''Lord High Everything Else'') is crying out for use as a descriptor either of the set of humans who are potentially relevant to that association, or of the set of humans who are not potentially relevant to it. But I'm hanged if I know which. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:52, 16 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Articulus == Hi. I've seen that you have recently changed an "articulus" into a "capitulum". No strong feelings about the question on my side (although according to the Pons dictionary, "capitulum" is as much late Latin as "articulus"). I just want to make sure it's all thought through, because laws also have "chapters". That particular treaty e.g. has titles which have chapters which have sections which have articles which have paragraphs. If we make that titulus-caput-sectio-capitulus-paragraphus, would that actually work (I was going to write "pars" for "section", but some laws also have "parts")? If you think that's good and there can be a consensus about it, I'm willing to follow. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:14, 24 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) :Long ago (2006? 2007? 2008?), if memory serves, some reasonably skilled Latinists noticed that beginners were typically using ''articulus'' to denote articles in Vicipaedia; after discussion, the consensus was to use ''commentarius'' or ''commentariolus'' or ''commentatio'' or something like those. But as you point out, the structural hierarchies inherent in constitutions, laws, and treaties do invite multiple terms, each denoting one level, and so maybe the obvious parallels of ''articulus'' for 'article' and ''sectio'' for 'section' would be a good idea, so feel free to propose a complete list (in Taberna). For reference: Cassell's has ''caput'' and ''condicio'' for 'article' = "a clause or item in a law or agreement," and Traupman has ''caput'' for 'article' = "clause in a law" (reserving ''articulus'' for the grammatical sense of the English word). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:57, 24 Ianuarii 2019 (UTC) == Condicio == Hi there. Are you sure about your change? This was supposed to be the noun going with ''condo'', not ''condico''... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 07:53, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dcondicio Vide L&S II.B.] + De ''conditione,'' Cassell's ait: '(1) pickling or preserving of fruits' et '(2) a seasoning, making savoury' + Traupman ait: 'seasoning; method of preserving (''food'')'. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:51, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::Thanks, but when I follow your link I don't see any definition of ''condicio'' that corresponds to what is meant. So, what is the noun then that expresses that ''Communitas '''condita''' est''. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 12:59, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::What are you trying to say about it? 'Regarding the founding of the community' could be ''de communitate condita.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::Just like ''ab urbe condita'' "from the founding/foundation of the city". Sorry to intrude :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:47, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::::I was hoping he'd find it himself. :/ [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:53, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::::You're a good teacher. You put it into my mind as well. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) This (in the original languages):<br> traité instituant la Communauté (économique) européenne<br>Vertrag zur Gründung der Europäischen (Wirtschafts)gemeinschaft<br>trattato che istituisce la Comunità (Economica) Europea<br>verdrag tot oprichting van de Europese (Economische) Gemeenschap<br>So, completely different try: Foedus Communitatem (Oeconomicam) Europaeam instituens? [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 14:31, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :Ah, I see. Iacobe, correct me if I say something silly. I think this also wants a verb form, as in Sigur's last suggestion ... but not a participle. It wants a gerundive: "Foedus ad communitatem ... instituendam". Am I on the right track? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:00, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, now that we know what it was trying to say, once again we've had the same thought, though the genitive (''foedus communitatis instituendae'') may also do. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:09, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::I like yours better, and it's even closer to the French example (historically the Latin gerundive actually became the French participle). The Italian method, using a relative clause, might work but would be more clumsy. Evidently Germanic languages go for nouns. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:17, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) ::::Great. So then the Lisbon Treaty in full blossom (i.e. Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community) becomes: ''Foedus Olisipone ictum Foedus de Unione Europaea et Foedus Communitatis Europaeae instituendae mutans''. OK? ::::And while I have you here: You're OK with "mutans" as well? Because I've translated "amending" elsewhere, I'd rather get it right. ::::Finally, because I never get enough: Could you also have a look [[Disputatio:Foedus unicum Europaeum|here]]? That would be very helpful. Thanks! [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:09, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :::::''Mutans'' is usually transitive, and ''de X mutans'' makes it intransitive, and 'to amend' is ''emendare'' (or ''corrigere''). Maybe the best solution is to break it apart with a clause: ''Foedus Olisipone ictum, quod foedera Europaearum unionis communitatisque instituendae emenda(vi)t.'' That's a mouthful! Otherwise, I'm busy at the moment. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:31, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) For some time when you're less busy: What it needs to be is a phrase that could have been the title of the first page of the treaty if it had been written in Latin alongside all the other language versions that exist. One thing this means IMHO is that we need to keep the titles of the two amended treaties as they are (except for inflection). There is a '"Treaty ''on'' European Union" (French: 'traité ''sur'' l'Union européenne") and a "Treaty ''establishing'' the European Community" (French: "traité ''instituant'' la Communauté européenne"). Lumping that together the way you do may sound nicer, but it seems to me too liberal a translation to be correct. And would one really use a relative clause in that way in a treaty title? It sounds weird to me, but maybe I'm just not familiar enough with Latin treaty drafting. And yes, I see they did it in Italian, so maybe... (Of course, this is only to be used once, to give the full title of the treaty, not to refer to it anywhere else.) If you think ''emendare'' is the verb of choice, I'll use it; I avoided it, because it also means "to improve" making things less neutral, but admittedly the names are given by the people who make the changes, and those will never say they make things worse... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:08, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) :Thanks for your continued hospitality, Iacobe! I'm busy too, but briefly: Latin is concise, so if the translated title is shorter than in other languages, fine. I think I would have done almost exactly the same as Iacobus except that I would have put the relative clause in the passive: "... quo foedera de unione et communitate Europaea emendantur". You would certainly find other examples of Latin officialese in that style. I am putting the adjective "Europaea" in the singular, but one can argue that the plural is logical. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:07, 12 Martii 2019 (UTC) == Decadus == Hi, I've seen your changes on ''Calendarium republicanum Francicum'', and I wonder if you have a source for ''decadus, -ūs'', as you have used it. I think it would be great to mention a source there (even if not online), because it's difficult to find (at least for me...). ''Decadus'' is so close to the French ''décade'' that it would be really perfect with a source. Otherwise, I admit that my version was only a half-educated guess in the first place (coined on triduum, quadriduum and the occasional octoduum), but a three-quarter-educated guess might also be ''decemduum'' for which I've even found a source [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G9ZBal6CIc4C/page/n297 here] (right column on page 85) . I also wonder whether there might be a decent Latin word somewhere for the ten-day period of the ancient Egyptian calendar. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 20:35, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :A few other sources for "decemduum" in recent Latin can be found, it seems to me. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:05, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ::Other than [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vu_Thanh2/publication/6885374_Lipomyces_orientalis_sp_nov_a_yeast_species_isolated_from_soil_in_Vietnam/links/56a53bf508ae1b6511329549/Lipomyces-orientalis-sp-nov-a-yeast-species-isolated-from-soil-in-Vietnam.pdf this], on the internet, it would generally seem to be scanning errors. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 21:12, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :::For 'decade', Cassell's has ''decem anni'' (but of course that excludes nonannual decades, like sections of the rosary), Traupman has ''decas, -adis,'' f., and (again for the temporal sense) Vicipaedia has been known to use ''decennium.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:51, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ::::Oh, I see. It seems you had the unlikely ''decadua'' (n. pl.), which, since A and S are adjacent keys on the QWERTY keyboard, I interpreted as a typo for ''decadus'' (m. pl.) and assumed you had a source! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:54, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) Let's continue on the relevant [[Disputatio:Calendarium republicanum Francicum|talk page]]. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:56, 19 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) == [[Akihitus]] == We were both nibbling at the edges of [[Akihitus]] at the same time. I hope I didn't lose anything of yours with my last saves. All yours now if you want, but I'll look at it again in about 6 hours and might add a bit more at that point. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 30 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) :It's all yours! I was just tinkering idly (and not quite awake) while sipping the morning's coffee! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:28, 30 Aprilis 2019 (UTC) ==Fifty-storey building== How to describe a "fifty-storey" building? See [[Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:50, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) :Well, Caesar speaks of a ''turris quattuor tabulatorum,'' so I'd guess ''aedificium quinquaginta tabulatorum.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:59, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) ::Seems good. I thought you'd appreciate "L-fabula", which was the initial attempt :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:07, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) :::Yeah, that's a scream, and the typography makes it worse: "tawā)L-fabula." Over & over we see our East Asian friends rejecting the idea that a space wants to go before & after parentheses. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:14, 5 Maii 2019 (UTC) == Heterophylophilia == I saw your <nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki> [[Homophylophilia#Alii conceptus|here]]. As similar formulations occur elsewhere in the article as well, wouldn't it be worth elaborating (perhaps in the talk page there, I'm just trying to draw your attention here)? [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 18:26, 17 Maii 2019 (UTC) :Perhaps, but time is not unlimited! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:42, 17 Maii 2019 (UTC) == Willy Brandt == Hi. You wrote: "Eodem anno, pseudonymum ''Willy Brandt'' legitime accepit." But wouldn't that mean that he legitimately acquired the pseudonym ''Willy Brandt''? Which is not what happened: He had had the pseudonym ''Willy Brandt'' since 1934, and in 1949 he made it his legal name. ("1948" was a typo of mine). [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 15:38, 9 Iunii 2019 (UTC) :I was just interpreting what the original seemed to mean. ¶ In any case, both Cassell's and Traupman tell us to translate 'legal' as ''legitimus'' (not, for example, ''legalis''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:54, 9 Iunii 2019 (UTC) == Likely overlap? == It seems to me there's a large potential overlap between existing categories on the pattern [[:Categoria:Aegypti scripta]] and the ones you are now creating on the pattern [[:Categoria:Litterae Aegypti]]. What's your view on this? So as not to confuse others we should be clear about the difference, I think. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:42, 12 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :Yes, these will have to be sorted out someday. For 'literature', both Cassell's and Traupman give ''litterae,'' and Cassell's adds ''litterarum monumenta'' (pl.). I think of ''scripta'' (rightly or wrongly!) as being 'writings', written objects, and so that term would be fine under which to collect books, librettos, newspapers, poems, and so forth, whereas literature, as a metaphor (with a meaning that goes well beyond the mere letters of the alphabet), seems larger, including nontangible things, like concepts & techniques & prizes. (So ''scripta'' would be a subcategory of ''litterae.'') Also, we have the example of ''Litterarum humanarum doctor'' (L.H.D., Doctor of Humane Letters), where ''litterae humanae,'' the humane letters, are the humanities in general. I haven't seen anything similar with ''scripta.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:07, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, I've been putting the new "litterae" as subcategories of "scripta", but I see it makes sense the other way round. Thank you. I'll implement that right away. ::I quite agree that "Scripta" works bbest as a category for single written/printed texts. At the time those "Scripta" categories were introduced, in about 2008 (?), Vicipaedia had practically nothing else in the literary field. Recently, thank goodness, we have more, and it is largely your achievement. ::I'm happy to go ahead on that basis. It should work well. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:27, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::Cool. Now I must get back to the myrias list. I had [[Litterae Arabicae]] about ready to go last night, but lost the text to a frozen screen resulting from a presumed virus that tried (and failed) to come in when I clicked on the article's link to the ''Jerusalem Post.'' To save everybody else the trouble, that link will be disappearing from the posted article! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:50, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::::I think I've built the right structure based on the categories you had created so far: see e.g. [[:Categoria:Litterae per civitates digestae]]. Getting the interwiki links right is my next job, not all done yet. Meanwhile, no reason not to create further categories on the same pattern as [[:Categoria:Litterae Canadae]] if you want to. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:03, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::::My goodness! You've gone into overdrive, but the result is looking much better organized. Several more of those general articles among the 10,000 important pages are beckoning, and I'm doing them in the order listed. Macte! (He said, getting ready for lunch.) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:11, 13 Augusti 2019 (UTC) === About the languages concerned === Now here's a different question. You'll notice from my first response to the page [[Litterae Britanniae]] that the introductory argumentation about which places and which languages are involved in these articles strikes an outside observer (I mean, this outside observer) as strange and slanted. A part of the introduction to [[Litterae Franciae]], now that I read it, strikes me the same way. I know, of course, that you're translating -- incidentally, that has surely been a good way to start -- so my characterization of slanted strangeness or strange slantedness applies not to your writing but to the way things get hammered out on en:wiki! So I make an offer. When you've done your initial work on the national literature pages, I could add a short paragraph, somewhere soon after the lead, saying which languages are involved and when. It would be relevant to la:wiki, of course, because it would incidentally show when and to what extent Latin is relevant; and it's an area I've done some work in. Any use? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:54, 14 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :By all means, and no need to wait, as the rules of the ten-thousand-word game prefer quantity over quality (or should we say over length), so I'm adding new articles briefly, rather than developing them fully. If time allows, I'm translating the whole introduction, usually several paragraphs (down to where the English wiki puts the table of contents and the first big subhead), but these are topics that can go on and on. :Incidentally, looking for Dewey decimal numbers for these articles shows that Dewey and his people have had trouble with a similar issue: how to handle languages and countries (or regions). For example, [[Poetae Confoederationis]] (poets of the Canadian confederacy) is '''811.409971''' = '''8''' Literature / '''81''' American & Canadian / '''811''' Poetry / '''811.4''' Later 19th century [and so on], whereas [[Litterae Canadae]] is '''819.1''' = '''8''' Literature / '''81''' American & Canadian / '''819''' American literature in English outside the USA / '''819.1''' English literature from Canada. So Canadian poetry in English is not a subset of Canadian literature in English! (And where is Canadian literature in French?) Something similar happens with [[Litterae Arabicae]] and national or regional literatures in Arabic. I haven't looked at the literature of India & Pakistan, but I'd expect the numbers to be equally problematic. :Up today: [[Litterae Sinarum|China]]. The Dewey number is '''895.1''' = '''8''' Literature / '''89''' Other languages [than American & Canadian, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish & Portuguese, Latin, Greek] / '''891''' East Asian / '''891.1''' Chinese—but "American & Canadian" isn't a language, and "Chinese" isn't a single language, and so on. The world is a slippery mess. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:21, 14 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, that was the slippery mess that we tried to sort out just a tiny bit by having separate categories by language and by country. At that time we were the only Wikipedia doing it, but now the Germans and some others have imitated us. There are even some literature-by-language categories on en:wiki! Unluckily those people didn't know they were imitating us, so their categories have not usually been linked to ours. I find I have quite a bit of sorting out to do on Wikidata. ::Therefore, go ahead of course with creating categories like "Categoria:Litterae Iaponiae". There will always be categories like "Categoria:Iaponiae scripta" and "Categoria:Scriptores Iaponiae" which you can make into subcategories of your new one. And don't worry if there is a momentary interwiki conflict: I will get to it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:13, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) :::In regard to which, one happens to notice that the English wiki has the categories "Persian literature" and "Persian-language literature," of which the latter seems analogous to those with ". . . scripta." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:18, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) ::::You're right. To me, those two English categories look like duplicates: both are categorized under "Category:Literature by language". But I think I'll leave someone else to deal with that :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:50, 18 Augusti 2019 (UTC) == Greenberg == I noticed that you touched this new page momentarily. Would you care to improve the second paragraph? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) :Definitely would, but time is lacking! Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:18, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) ::OK, done! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:24, 5 Septembris 2019 (UTC) == Taxobox == I'm testing a new version of the plant/animal taxobox, making it look more like our newer infoboxes. You create a lot of plant and animal pages, so please, if you have a moment, look at some pages and see what you think. It's work in progress. * The main taxonomic detail seems to be working correctly. If the layout, order, font size should be improved, it'll be easy to experiment. * With the supplementary information (fossil range, conservation status, synonyms, subdivisions) a heading will certainly appear, at the foot of the box, if there is any information to display. Click on "expand". OK: the question is, having clicked on "expand", do you see anything useful? It would be good to have a note of a few pages on which the answer is No! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:35, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::Ahhh. Busy at the moment, but will check later. Note that it's sometimes useful to list intermediate groupings (superorders, subfamilies, tribes, and whatnot), so that capability needs to be retained. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:49, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::I think they are all in there -- amazing how many there are -- but do please verify. Any subdivision that is listed on our page should appear, just like the previous version. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:20, 4 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::Is (the bizarre) ''parvordo'' there? No time to check. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:09, 5 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::Speaking of bizarre, what do you think of the modern coinages of ''[[mortido]]'' (''-inis'') & ''[[destrudo]]'' (''-inis'') to signify the [[antonymum|antonym]] of ''[[libido]]''? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:11, 5 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::I prefer not even to think about them, but thank you for the opportunity :) ::::::I have visited all the taxoboxes that have a "Fossil range" section (about 200 of them). It took me quite some time to see how the formula {{fn|Fossil range}} works. It is amazing how many different ways editors have discovered to avoid using it quite as intended (these will be editors on en:wiki: you and I, I think, have just tended to copy-and-paste what they did). But it's not really amazing, because the usage is not self-evident and very easy to get wrong. ::::::I think that all of these formulae {{fn|Fossil range}} are now consistently used: they all show a date range on the timeline diagram, though in some cases it's too brief to be visible; they all show both the date range and the first-and-last geological periods in text form, and the periods are linked to relevant articles. See for example [[Hominidae]] (it's the "palaeontologia" section of the taxobox). I decided that "Recent" is [[Recens]] (redirected to "Holocaenum"), not the many other Latin versions that we have all used. I decided that the correct case for the geological periods is the accusative of length-of-time, because the taxon concerned lived during the period concerned -- and since the period names are adjectives functioning as neuter nouns, the accusative always has the same form as our pagename, making the links so very nice and simple. I felt really happy after deciding this, so I hope you can find a way to avoid telling me it doesn't work grammatically! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:41, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::Happiness is always to be recommended! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::To see how to use this formula in the future -- it actually is easy when you're in the habit -- see the instruction at {{fn|Fossil range}}. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:41, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::A problem I see with the new taxoboxes is how they appear in the layout of the whole page: their leftmost boundary touches the rightmost letters of the main text. All other fasciculi, whether printing on the left side or the right side, are separated from the text by a space maybe two ems wide. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for spotting this! I have fixed the margins. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 19:40, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) :::::::::Macte! It looks much better now! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:05, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) ::::::::::Yes, thank you to both, I was focusing too firmly on the box and didn't notice that it touched the text. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:08, 7 Octobris 2019 (UTC) == !--???-- == Looking at your latest fossil fish, I noticed a hidden message I hadn't seen before <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}<!--???--></nowiki> Why the three queries? Since I designed the "Fontes biologici" formula, maybe they are trying to say something to me? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:17, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :Three catch more eyes than one does! At the time, IIRC, that formula was printing blankly, something like this: ::Situs scientifici: :Maybe the fontes don't appear until the system has registered an article elsewhere, giving it a Q-number, or whatever it is. Anyway, it's good to know that the formula works on new articles with no effort on the part of authors. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:54, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Yes, you have it. It requires the link to be made at Wikidata. I know you don't do that, but once a bot has done it, the formula will work automatically. So no need for the queries -- just crossed fingers or a leap of faith :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:59, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Categories for fossils == En:wiki is anything but consistent, but its best way of timing the flourishing of extinct taxa is to give two categories, one for when they started, the other for when they stopped. So I've given us categories like that, and I have added them to your latest fish. You could do this regularly if you like. In these three cases the method gives "Categoria:Silurio nata" and "Categoria:Silurio exstincta". There is duplication (of "Silurio") here, but it's a method that anyone can easily apply, so I suggest we can live with this. I have removed the category "Fossilia" because all extinct Linnean taxa are based on fossils, so "Fossilia" is a supercategory of all the "... exstincta" categories. [PS: Well, it is now. I thought I had fixed that already, but I had forgotten, so thanks for bringing it to mind.] [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:17, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :Coding is getting so complicated that an author can hardly remember all its quirks, but we plod on. You might be interested to know that in Dewey Decimal Classification, fossils are so distinctive that they get their own trinumeral, and even their own binumeral group. All fish are 597, one of the ten divisions of group 59, Animalia—except that all fish known only as fossils are 567, a division of 56, "Fossils and prehistoric life." (One wonders whether the coelacanth was allowed to change its number when it turned up alive.) You can always tell what I'm thinking a text is about by checking its Dewey number. Since that system, like any such system, is a bit leaky, the number will sometimes be a little off, or even a mistake, but it'll be apt most of the time. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:10, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Like all former librarians, I know and love (!) those Dewey numbers ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:01, 8 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :::Surely it's a love–hate relationship? Someone you know tears his hair from time to time, trying to find the aptest number for a given topic. It doesn't help that some of the numbers have changed over time, and because the system is copyrighted, the most recent version generally available dates from seventysomething years ago. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:30, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Mons Gerardus == I am quite new to Latin, would you please correct the text of Mons Gerardus? The episcope was thrown down he hill during the revolt... [[Usor:Kapeter77|Kapeter77]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kapeter77|disputatio]]) 08:32, 17 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help. Now I am trying to create another page via the new page translation. Can you please have a look? https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:_Insula_Margherita [[Usor:Kapeter77|Kapeter77]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Kapeter77|disputatio]]) 01:14, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) :::The text reads: "Insula Margherita est [[Insula|insula in]] [[Budapestinum]]. July XX, MMXIII ad [[ Alba XIII. perimetri|Alba XIII. regio est]] ubi, quia recta administratio est in caput Hungaria. Quidam hotels, metus partis palaestras stadia exstructa, et [[ Marcus Island Water Tower|Margareta Island Water Tower]] nisi aedificationes non non quod omnis insula est in actu ingens [[Viridarium|parco]] quidem in caput ingens parco medii aevi sacris architecturae monumenta, in memoriam propter viam ad parva lacus. Et vehiculum traffic - [[Laophorium|buses]] et [[Taxiraeda|taxis]] exceptio - Nemo, tetendit insidias in [[ Arpad uero pontem (Budapestini)|Arpad pontem]] militat accessible raedam est. In [[2011|MMXI]], secundum numerum unc Insulanus populi population est III, in tertiam et numerum mansionum." :::Sadly, that's not in Latin. It's incomprehensible. Machines haven't yet learned about conjugations & declensions. Nothing can be done about that without the expense of more time than is available. Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:23, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) ::::Hint, for example: ''insula in Budapestinum'' means 'an island into Budapest'. If you want to say 'an island in Budapest', you need the locative case (or its equivalent), something that students "quite new to Latin" aren't likely to have learned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 05:23, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Mutual intelligibility == Salve, Iacobe. You might have a suggestion to make at [[Disputatio:Lingua Neapolitana]]. If so, please make it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:37, 18 Novembris 2019 (UTC) == Logotypus == Hi. Personally, I have no idea, but the name of the relevant page is the neuter [[Logotypum]]... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 14:57, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :The lemma was masculine, with a plausible etymology, when I wrote the article! See https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logotypum&diff=2820099&oldid=2819462 [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:02, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) ::All fine with me. I'll let you fight it out with Andrew (who moved that page), if he insists. - [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:17, 5 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :::Hadn't seen this till now. No Latin source was ever cited. It's normal in Latin to borrow technical terms from Greek, so I checked the Greek term and found it was neuter. That's fairly normal in Greek, and therefore in borrowed Latin, for a compound term based on a masculine word. If there's a strong reason why this word should be masculine in Latin, or if there's a Latin source, feel free to move again. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:48, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) ::::''Typus'' is masculine in Stearn's ''Botanical Latin'' and elsewhere in biological writing, but we have: [https://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85/homo_logotypus/ this too.] Also, in addition to ''logotypum,'' the form ''logotypa'' can be found on the internet, sometypes neuter, sometimes feminine, and sometimes a typo for the English singular! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:57, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) :::::Oh, well, thanks for searching! Let's not go for the feminine .,. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:01, 27 Decembris 2019 (UTC) == Nontrinitarianismus == Salve, Iacobe! Habesne fontem verbo [[:Categoria:Nontrinitarianismus|nontrinitarianismus]] (vel fortasse ''atrinitar(ian)ismus'')? Verbum ''antitrinitarismus'' inveni ([https://books.google.com/books?id=9y9AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA122&dq=Antitrinitarismum hic] et [https://books.google.com/books?id=m1AxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=antitrinitarismi hic]), sed nec ''nontrinitarianismus'' nec ''nontrinitarismus''. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:49, 26 Decembris 2019 (UTC) == Wikidata == Hi there. Is there a a reason why you manually link your new pages to the English Wikipedia, instead of linking them to Wikidata? I don't see the point, but maybe I'm missing something here... [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 21:37, 13 Ianuarii 2020 (UTC) :Doing this shortens the labour of creating any new page on a plant or animal. I save my first version of the page, I link it immediately at Wikidata, and then I use the sources that come up in <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}</nowiki> to verify the name and sometimes suggest a correction or an additional citation. Worth a try! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:05, 15 Februarii 2020 (UTC) == Andreas Chenier == I was working on this at the same time. Perforce I overwrote your edits, but I'll now go back and incorporate them. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:10, 13 Februarii 2020 (UTC) :I did so, with minor variations. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:35, 13 Februarii 2020 (UTC) == Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj == Just in case he is next on your list: You will find him as "Muslim Nisaburensis" [https://books.google.com/books?id=4XhFAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA410&dq=nisaburensis here]; and the form "Muslimus" for the name "Muslim" also occurs (e.g. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=vGY-AAAAYAAJ&dq=muslimus&q=muslimus#v=snippet&q=muslimus&f=false here]). [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 22:15, 12 Martii 2020 (UTC) :Thanks for the tip! Indeed, his name could be coming up in about ten days. You may not have noticed that I'm contributing articles on a ten-day cycle, adapted to what's conventionally called the Dewey Decimal System. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:38, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::I like to look at your new pages, but I'm evidently no codebreaker: I hadn't guessed that system. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:53, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) :::I'm no codebreaker either. In fact, until today, I knew very exactly nothing at all about the Dewey Decimal System. I just had had a look [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Wikipediis contineri oportet/Expansio/Homines#Religiones "Abrahamicae" dictae|here]] and realised what his last activities on that list had been. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 13:43, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::::Cycling through the Dewey numbers began by accident in December. It can be discerned in the fourth column from the left in the table showing progress [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(3) in the current 100-day challenge]. It's getting hard to maintain. No guarantees that it'll continue! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:55, 13 Martii 2020 (UTC) == [[Ioannes Petrus Thiollet]] == You may have noticed that an anonymous editor, either [[Ioannes Petrus Thiollet|the above in person]] or his best friend, has been spamming references to him with increasing enthusiasm, mostly in articles about music. Anonymity in such cases usually suggests a conflict of interest. I have just removed most of those references. I would trust your judgment on this: if you feel that any of my edits over the last hour should be reverted, because the references I deleted are really useful, please revert me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:05, 23 Martii 2020 (UTC) :That's fine. We hardly need someone's recent memoirs as a source for the fact that Dinu Lipatti was a pianist! Whose birthname, btw, according to Wikipedia, was ''Constantin''[''us''], and ''Dinu'' is a nickname. How should Vicipaedia handle that? There may still be no consensus about how to specify brithnames, nicknames, pen names, stage names, and the like. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:11, 23 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::Evidently the creator of this page wasn't aware of the etymology (nor was I). Our normal practice is to resolve abbreviated forenames into the Latin version of the real or official name that they represent. If the abbreviated forename doesn't correspond to the subject's real or official name, then I don't think we have a rule: we sort of do what comes naturally :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:45, 3 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == [[Linguae Malayo-Polynesiae]] == Hi, Iacobe. Notice the deletion on this page by [[:en:User:Austronesier]] (a serious contributor at en:). It's up to you, I don't know the background, but you might want to reinstate the deleted text? or invite Austronesier to discuss? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:26, 26 Martii 2020 (UTC) :Thanks. I saw it but had other things to do. The contributor said the big paragraph that he deleted was obsolete, but that doesn't make it any less a fact if the cited scholar did write what the text said he wrote. It'd be helpful for someone to import the newer taxonomy, but that's not on my to-do list at the moment. Must hasten to add today's article from the myrias list: [[Machina quaesitoria]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:39, 26 Martii 2020 (UTC) == [[Muslim Nisaburensis]] == Hi, Iacobe. It would have been helpful to add a link to the article, even the page, where this Latin name was found! In this case I've now followed your tracks (ah, I see that we were both following Sigur's tracks) and I've added the links myself. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:16, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) :A link (the one found by Sigur) was captured in the first draft, but while phrases were being moved around and footnotes inserted, it took the opportunity to escape! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:29, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) ::Of course, I understand now! That happens to me as well ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:15, 29 Martii 2020 (UTC) == Lets stop our "full stop war"! == Salve Iacobe! Laborem, quem in Vicipaedia Latina ex decenniis demonstravisti, maxime admiro. Propono autem, ut bellum nostrum "calidum" de punctis in fine subscriptionum addendis an non addendos finiremus. Video duas solutiones: Aut disputationem a me olim in Taberna incohatam (vide [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 25#Num oportet omnes subscriptiones puncto concludere?]]) ad consensum ferremus aut uterque nostri altero propriam consuetudinem in punctis addendis respective sinendis concedet. Quid est opinio tua? [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 01:09, 8 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) : Disputavimus etiam hic: [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 27#Punctum an non?]]. Ut valeatis optime! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 19:21, 8 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == Constantinopolis article == Hello. [[Constantinopolis]] does not have a truly and solely mediterranean climate. That is incorrect. It has a transitional climate of three climate types: the [[:en:oceanic climate|oceanic climate]], the [[:en:humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] and the [[:en:mediterranean climate|mediterranean climate]]. Please see the climate section of [[:en:Istanbul#Geography|Istanbul]] and of other Istanbul articles in Wikipedia. Please correct this by using the sources in the Istanbul articles. Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 16:10, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :The English wikipedia, by far the product of the most human calculating brainpower (and therefore worthy of respect), says: "In the Köppen–Geiger classification system, Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (''Csa''), humid subtropical climate (''Cfa'') and oceanic climate (''Cfb''), due to its location in a transitional climatic zone." If you want to translate that entire explanation (and the omitted matter that follows), by all means go ahead! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:14, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::Hello. ::I requested the correction from you, because you know Latin, and I don't. I only partially understand it. As it stands, it is wrong. Trying to correct it myself was wrong and it backfired. Sorry. Can you send me a reply. Certainly, I do have a right to alert and ask users like yourself for a correction, when something is incorrect or partially incorrect. There are not many Latin speakers around. Can you correct this? Can you improve this rudimentary and grammatically wrong text I typed "[[Clima]] Constantinopolitanum est inter [[Clima subtropicum humidum|subtropicum humidum]], [[temperatum]] [[Clima oceanicum|oceanicum]] et [[Clima mediterraneum|mediterraneum]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]]" and perhaps slightly expand it, and add it in the article?[[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 21:54, 19 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :Users are all individuals and have their own priorities and their own work to do. Anyway, you have now asked me too, and I'll look at this later today :Checking the history, I see that Iacobus has already made some changes. Thanks, Iacobe! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:02, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::One of those changes is what the unnamed person is objecting to, but don't worry: in the absence of time to translate the whole passage, I can add an adverb that'll make the false word 100% true! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:29, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :::Ha! I see you've already made almost the same quick fix I'd have made! (I'd have merely added ''partim.'') Ha! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:33, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) ::::I did that before I'd even glanced at the history. And even then I didn't study who first said what when. The latest episodes seem to prove that unlike the world in general, unlike the political condition of most of the countries we know, Vicipaedia is fated to improve slightly from day to day, whoever happens to be editing. Let's hold to that. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:08, 20 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) :::::Thank you very much for the corrections. (Trivia: Until the 1990s, Istanbul indeed had only a mediterranean climate, and the annual precipitation in 1959 was 1/3 less (as dry as London is today)! According to projections, in the near future, most coastal areas of Turkey will only have a humid subtropical climate with much wetter summers and much drier winters (also in the rest of the country), which is already happening.) [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.14.219|31.200.14.219]] 18:28, 22 Aprilis 2020 (UTC) == [[Disputatio:Forum Iulii-Venetia Iulia]] == Salve! Paginam "Forum Iulii-Venetia Iulia" tu inter alios edidisti. De nomine huius paginae s.t.p. placita tua adde. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:58, 11 Iunii 2020 (UTC) ==Litteræ vel litterae?== Salve! Ego nova in Vicipædia sum et linguam Latinam non bene scio, sed nonnihil scripsi ut alii textos corrigere possunt. Visi, post divulgationem texti, quod in Vicipædia litteras Æ et Œ non scribere debeturia sum. Quidni? Gratias ago si mihi respondere potes, nam scire volo!--[[Usor:Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа|Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Вѣра Павловна Розалскаяа|disputatio]]) 20:37, 12 Iunii 2020 (UTC) == Uncreated categories == I've been tidying up uncreated categories. I noticed you put a lot of uncreated categories about swimming in [[Michael Fred Phelps]] and [[Marcus Spitz]]. They'd been there for some months, but if you were just about to create them, feel free to revert my latest edits and go ahead. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:18, 26 Iunii 2020 (UTC) ==Woohoo!== Woohoo! Yesterday was the last day of a whole year in which I added at least one new article from the Myrias list every day. See [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(4)]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:30, 3 Iulii 2020 (UTC) : Wow, nearly incredible! Congratulations! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:27, 3 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I could see you were working on this, but I didn't see that you were adding a Myrias page every day. I think it's almost incredible too! But, in spite of that, I believe it! A great achievement [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::Wait! a small miscalculation has occurred! The first century did begin on 3 July 2019 (so "a whole year in which I added at least one new article every day" remains true), but the unbroken Myrias series began on 3 August—so it appears we'll having more birds, and then possibly more mammals, before we reach the Myrias milestone. Also, a slight error may have occurred on one day in 2019, so a recheck is necessary. The articles in question are documented in four sortable tables: [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(1)|(1)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(2)|(2)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(3)|(3)]], [[Usor:IacobusAmor/100wikidays(4)|(4)]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:00, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::Unless I've miscounted, the tables show that the number of articles—Myrias + "ordinary" texts (but not categories, redirects, & such)—added in the year starting on 3 July 2019 was 564, averaging 1.54 a day. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:17, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) == Birds == The general system I've been following, which we discussed elsewhere recently, means that I have now merged "Categoria:Genera avium" into [[:Categoria:Genera animalium]] and "Categoria:Familiae avium" into [[:Categoria:Familiae animalium]]. I know you like the ''Aves'', so I want to assure you that nothing is lost. From the categories as they now stand you (and anyone) will easily be able to get a list of "genera of birds" or any other combination of taxon level + classification node. When I've finished I'll ask UVbot to help me provide a link for this on relevant category pages -- but if you want to know right away, just ask and I'll show you how to do it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:32, 4 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Maybe in a month or two (after the birds, I'll be checking the mammals), a kind programmer will finish the job by automatically making a list of articles that contain a taxobox but not the category "[X] animalium" or "[X] plantarum" or "[X] fungorum" (where ''X'' is a taxonomic level). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:28, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::Sorry, didn't see this reply till now. I believe I have done all the plants already. At the same time I have been doing the bare minimum with each page to ensure that it has a taxobox (some don't) and that it is sourced -- simply by adding <nowiki>{{Fontes biologici}}</nowiki>. This gets even the shortest of them two-thirds of the way to being a stipula. There are only a few fungi and bacteria and they may already be done, I don't recall offhand. I was saving the animals for a bit ... But anything in that area that you want to do, don't let me stop you!! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:04, 26 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I hope UV is all right, by the way. Not active recently. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:18, 26 Iulii 2020 (UTC) == [[Loxodonta africana]] == Hi, Iacobe. You added some categories to this page and hid them. I must say I've never known why you add hidden categories to the pages you create, and I delete them when I see them (mentioning it to you if it seems possible you're still working on the page): but why on earth add them to a page someone else created? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:09, 6 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Um, pour encourager les autres? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) Amice Iacobe, I feel I've been discouraging hidden text in discussion with you for something close to a decade, and removing your hidden text on sight (with warning summaries) for several years. Feel free to check if this is exact. It doesn't seem to have discouraged you. Other Wikipedians, in general and on Vicipaedia, don't do it, so far as I can see. :They do it a great deal in the English wiki, but in consideration of your disapproval of it, I've often suppressed it when translating articles from there. ¶ Why, in the past week or so, I suppressed "<nowiki><!--Linked page allows download of the 48MB pdf--></nowiki>" in "[[Columbidae]]" and "[[Picidae]]" and "[[Procellariidae]]" and probably elsewhere (for a certain oft-cited source). ¶ I've suppressed "<nowiki><!--Whole paragraph cited--></nowiki>" and "<nowiki><!--cotylae mediales & laterales--></nowiki>" and "<nowiki><!-- AmMusNovit2400. Condor54:174. --></nowiki> and several similar bibliographic references in "[[Picidae]]." ¶ I've suppressed <nowiki>"<!-- cites previous two sentences -->" (five times!) and "<!-- cites previous 3 sentences -->" (twice!) and "<!-- cites previous 3.5 sentences -->" and "<!-- cites previous 4 sentences -->" and "<!-- {{cite journal | last1=Kennedy | first1=Martyn | last2=Spencer | first2=Hamish G. | year=2004 | title=Phylogenies of the frigatebirds (Fregatidae) and tropicbirds (Phaethonidae), two divergent groups of the traditional order Pelecaniformes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=31–38 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.007 | pmid=15019606}} -->"</nowiki>—all in "[[Fregatidae]]"! ¶ An example of hidden text that I've never, in years & years, imported from the English wiki—and which occurs with surprising frequency in taxonomic articles—is the announcement that a category, and sometimes a whole article, has been generated by a bot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) So I'll tell you the way other Wikipedians solve the main problems that you try to solve with hidden text. :#You think the Latin word you're marking is a wrong choice, and you're pretty sure of a better choice. In this case, others correct the Latin word. :#You aren't sure of the best Latin word, but you think there may be a better one lurking. Others make two choices. Better than adding a <nowiki>{{Dubsig}}</nowiki> (that is a legitimate ploy, but can serve as an irritation) is to say on the talk page, visible to all, what you believe to be wrong, mentioning any solution you have in mind. :#There's more to be said, currently visible on en:wiki, but you haven't time to add it. Happens all the time. If it's your translation, you are already acknowledging en:wiki on the talk page. It's on the talk page that you should add this fact and date it. :#There are notes, references and formulas that don't work. If you consider them essential, and can't make them work yourself, say it on the talk page. If you consider them non-essential, leave them out. :#You have too many lovely images. Choose. Add the best, visibly. Leave the rest out. Later editors will have a bigger selection to choose from. :#There are categories that don't work. Here you have three choices. If you consider them essential, create them and have a go at populating them. If you aren't so sure, find a supercategory that would work for the time being. It's very easy and fast to test category ideas if you have HotCat turned on (Preferences -- Gadgets.) For example, if [[:Categoria:Mammalia Angoliae]] doesn't exist, and you don't have 5 minutes to create and populate it, try [[:Categoria:Biota Angoliae]]. It does. With HotCat you can look at its subcategories as well: there might be a suitable one. Less than 1 minute to do all that, I reckon. Leave the remaining categories out. :Hiding categories and notes-about-categories in Latin is bad, because anyone who adds or removes categories afterwards, using HotCat, doesn't see your little deposits, and they might remain there till the end of Wikimedia. Hiding other text in Latin is bad too, and hiding text in English is of course worse. Potential editors won't see hidden text; many active editors won't see it in the way that you do; especially if the formatting is at all complicated, the next save may result in the hiding of a large stretch of good text. :If there are other problems that you try to solve with hidden text and I haven't yet thought of, please tell me! And if any other Vicipaedian thinks I'm being unreasonable, or has better solutions, do join in. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:28, 10 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::OK, let's do away with all hidden text altogether. People will ignore it anyway, as when my helpful "<nowiki>[[fictilia elegantia]]<!--porcelain (Traupman)--></nowiki>" was changed to the redlink "[[porcellana]]" (as if the attestation must be disregarded). And likewise "<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>" doesn't always elicit desired improvements, as my "[[ebur|ebore]], [[silex|silice]], ''[[slate]]''<nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki>, [[lignum|lignoque]]" has recently become "[[ebur|ebore]], [[silex|silice]], quadra lapidea, [[lignum|lignoque]]," even though in the series of raw materials, "quadra lapidea" looks wrong as a translation of a substance (not a geometrical shape) defined by Wikipedia as "a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I must admit that you look at English wiki pages through the edit window far more than I do, these days, and for the best reasons. Of course I accept what you say. But even such messages date rapidly (48 MB? a couple of minutes or less). ::It may be that uses of hidden text such as <nowiki><!-- Bot-generated text --></nowiki> are the oldest type. Since you aren't a bot, I didn't have them in mind above. But in general, yes, it would be good to test if we can manage without. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::: I'm sorry, Iacobe, for having given an inadequate rendition of ''slate''. Having no inkling of its technical side, I had to conjure up something that might more or less fit into the context. For a non-native, ''slate'' looks like a wildly polysemous everyday word. Now that I had reason to look it up in the English wiki, I picked up Spanish in the language links, and ''pizarro'' in del Col: ''ardesia'' and ''lapis sectilis''. Then, I kinda finished your job by replacing my feeble rendition by ''ardesia''. Maybe ''lapis sectilis'' is better, I do not know. I agree with Andrew (point 2 above) that it's better to discuss these matters in the talk page. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 10:20, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::: On the slate question, I had a look at some of the sources and threw together [[Ardesia]], if anyone wants to take a look at it and add/change things. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:02, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::::: Macte, Lesgles! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:52, 16 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ==Disorder in the left column== And here I waffle about hidden policy, and meanwhile they've suddenly given me a list of other language articles, in the left column of each article, arranged in an order that makes no earthly sense. Is it the same for you? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:13, 10 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :Yes, for several days the order has been peculiar—quite a jumble, though not exactly random. Someone should report it to the authorities. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:03, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::I did report it, as did others from all over the wikiworld. They are all buzzing about it, and can't yet solve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:33, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::They continued to buzz around this for a long time, but it appears that they have now fixed it, thank goodness. :::Enjoy your mammals. My current project, one to which I often return, is foods and gastronomy. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:50, 28 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::::Yes, I noticed when disorder in the left column ended. ¶ The categorization of the mammals, as I found it a few days ago, left a lot to be desired—but then so does their categorization in the English wiki, which (for reasons that aren't immediately apparent) at the higher-order levels uses a system somewhat different from its practice with other animals. I think we should make our mammalian categories conform with the rest of our zoological ones, even if (and though) they don't have links to the English wiki. Part of our problem was that we didn't have articles on some of the most important topics, but that's changing, as they've been sitting unloved for years among the certified myriads but are now at the top of my list of things to do. Up today: the baboons! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:45, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ==Collatores inscii== Iacobe, noting your five nice, polite, old-fashioned letters to Vilho-Veli at [[Disputatio:Puls]], [[Disputatio:Leonardus Peikoff]], [[Disputatio:Carolus Rahner]], [[Disputatio:Quercus]], [[Disputatio:Hippolytus Taine]], I'd say it would be more effective to say it all in one at [[Disputatio Usoris:Vilho-Veli]]. You probably didn't foresee how many there were going to be. If you do that now, please greet Vilho-Veli at the same time, with the usual <nowiki>{{Salve}}</nowiki> template. No one's done so yet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:20, 14 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :No, we didn't foresee that, and other additions by the same party remain to be checked. Likewise, as we discovered just this morning, additions by a certain Tarih. Why people (let's assume they're people, and not bots) think it helpful to add words in the wrong language is a mystery. That their efforts deserve welcoming isn't necessarily an established fact. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:51, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) ::Oh, I agree. One of many such "facts". Only wanted to save your time really. Maybe, after weighing up the overall contributions of VV, Tarih and any other such, they are better discouraged. If similar unhelpful edits continue after your messages, I can warn and block. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 15 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :::They now seem mainly to be adding images. They may not be doing it very well, but currently the contributions appear to me positive rather than negative :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::Sorry to monopolize your talk page -- I'll go quiet after this. I understand a bit more now. These people are going in for one of those wiki competitions, apparently decribed at #WPWPTR #WPWP (which means nothing to me). This one is about "improving" Wiki articles, in all the languages of Eve, by adding pictures to them. My advice for what it's worth (I will do this myself) :::# If they added a portrait to a bio page that didn't have one, try the effect of replacing their addition with <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}</nowiki>. If that doesn't help -- :::# Simply revert any of their edits you happen to notice that is unhelpful, with a quick summary such as "inutile". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:36, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC)<br> Thanks for the advice. Fortunately, these little surprises don't happen often, and they're not all bad. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Fish == Rather a nice coincidence that you should have described ''[[Ctenopharyngodon idella]]'' just two months ago and now I find myself describing [[Shuizhu yu|one way to cook it]]. I wish it well in the wild, needless to say. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:55, 31 Iulii 2020 (UTC) :It must be a popular fish, as it's on the Myrias list! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Orsay == Forgive me for moving your comment about the name of the museum to [[Disputatio:Museum Orsay]]. You may be right, who knows? but I felt the issue might become a distraction at [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis]]. As to that, please do add further comments for or against the listed pages, and above all please feel free to add pages of your own or others you have noticed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:55, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :No answer yet from the curator at the Quai Branly. As you know, Europe goes on holiday in August. All the better, though, to watch the Tour de France, which has been postponed to the end of the month. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) == Donkeys == You've created [[Equus africanus asinus]] which seems to be about the same topic as the existing [[Equus asinus]]. Surely it would have been better to move the existing page to the newly correct name, and then expand it? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:21, 12 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :I've been working from the Myrias list, where "''[[Equus asinus]]''" wasn't a registered article (indeed, it has links only to a a few minor wikis), but my initial thought (when discovering its existence, well into the process) was to leave it in case there might be some value in recording the history of the name, for which purpose a brief article to that effect is conceivable: "''Equus asinus'' was the name of mammals blablabla, erected as a species by [zoologist] in [year], which [official body, international consensus, whatever] in [year] made a subspecies of ''Equus africanus'' on the basis of blablabla, though investigators X and Y are still unpersuaded blablabla, as shown in their article blablabla." That sort of thing. Rather than work that problem out, I'd rather spend my time adding new articles from the Myrias list. We have about <small>THREE THOUSAND</small> to go! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::A pertinent fact: the English wiki does have articles like this; see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Obsolete_mammal_taxa Category:Obsolete mammal taxa.] [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:59, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::Yes, I guessed after writing the above that because of the interwikis you might not have even discovered [[Equus asinus]] till too late. That's very bad luck, owed to someone's odd decision at Wikidata. It's true, one could have an obsolete taxa category, but in most cases, I would say, it would be more helpful to put all the information we have at the current taxon (and move it whenever those taxonomists change their minds). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ==Small in the taxobox== IIRC, the old taxobox formerly printed small the name & year specified on the "....._authority" line, but now we have to type it in. Is memory playing tricks here? Was it decided that small wasn't desirable? or was the elimination of that feature an accidental byproduct (which nobody has complained about)? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :Better not key in <nowiki><small></small></nowiki>, because, when we decide, we will want the decision to apply to every case. I didn't make this line small-font only because the font is now a bit smaller throughout the infobox and I didn't know whether even smaller was desirable here. If we agree that it is, I can very easily make it so. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:01, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::Yesterday in "[[Cercopithecidae]]" (as previously in other articles), I'd keyed it in, albeit without the correct "....._authority" introduction, which I've just now fixed. I like the smallness of it. Couldn't a program include (in if-then codespeak, of course) the provision that "if a small command isn't already in the text, print it small"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:41, 14 Augusti 2020 (UTC) :::There's a difference between what the code might be able to do and what I can make it do! I'm not so very clever. But in any case there's a better way. We decide the formatting (remembering also the need for italics for genus and species ... and anything else we think of), change the template to suit us perfectly, and then ask a bot to strip out unnecessary formatting from all existing cases. That way, anyone in the future will be able to use the template, confident that the formatting will be correctly applied. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:26, 17 Augusti 2020 (UTC) ::::I guess I was waiting in case you had a further comment, but, if not, I will now make the authority lines uniformly small. OK? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:40, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :::::OK! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::::::Finally I've done it. I wasn't looking forward to it because the design necessitated a large number of manual edits in this case and it's easy to get any one of them a tiny bit wrong! I think it's OK but please tell me if you notice any apparent errors. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:55, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Sinus Bengalensis]] == I moved to this because the name is directly confirmed in several sources. It also happens to agree with the current name [[Bengala]] of the article about the region. I didn't (yet) find any confirmation of "Sinus Bengaliensis", but in any case the footnote giving evidence of that spelling for the adjective is useful and remains in place. I hope that's OK. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:37, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :That's fine. Today's question is what to do with the Beaufort Sea. The word ''beaufort'' might reflect something like ''bel(li)forte,'' but words having that shape are hardly abounding on the internet, and certainly not for so-named sea. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:49, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::I doubt if there is a direct Latin source for this one. ''[[Sabellaria vulgaris beaufortensis]]'' and ''[[Cosmiodiscus beaufortianus]]'' and ''[[Amphora beaufortiana]]'' and ''[[Mastogloia beaufortiana]]'' were all named after the marine research station at Beaufort (North Carolina): no good. The ''Beaufortenses'' seem to come from there too ... You've probably checked all this yourself. We might have to start out with "Mare Beaufort". Sorry. ::But why does the sea have this name? Ah, Britannica says "It is named for the British rear admiral Sir Francis Beaufort", a fact that en:wiki omits. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:38, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) ::::My response here seems to have disappeared; maybe an edit conflict. Anyway, no time now. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:02, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) :::Wait! As you sometimes say :) Note the article title "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336540944_Mantoniella_beaufortii_and_Mantoniella_baffinensis_sp_nov_Mamiellales_Mamiellophyceae_two_new_green_algal_species_from_the_high_arctic Mantoniella beaufortii and Mantoniella baffinensis sp. nov. (Mamiellales, Mamiellophyceae), two new green algal species from the high arctic]". If the Beaufort Sea isn't the high Arctic I don't know what is! So you could go for [[Mare Beaufortii]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:55, 20 Octobris 2020 (UTC) == [[Disputatio Categoriae:Operae]] == Last chance to comment on the best name for this category! As things stand, it's about to be moved. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:54, 1 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Thanks for the heads-up. No good solution comes to mind, other than to leave well enough alone. Rushing, time being short. . . . [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:20, 1 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Kamala Harris]] == Thanks for your edits there. Looking at it again, I had made a big mistake: I quibble only with the cure you prescribed. I had put her in the Vice-Presidents category. She isn't in that category yet, and if (e.g.) the world comes to an end before January or certain proposed lawsuits succeed (I'm putting this in order of probability) she never will be. So I've deleted that category now. On the other hand, inserting the navbox, i.e. the list of vice-presidents, on her page is (I think) useful already -- e.g. it would help a reader to verify that she is the first woman on the list -- and the list correctly adds the term "futura" against her name (one could make it "electa" or some other caveat, I don't know: it's freely editable); so I restored the navbox. I hope you would agree? She is also the first of non-U.S. parentage on both sides: is that true? I think it is. I say on both sides because John Adams (for example) had a British father. If that claim about her is correct, one might try to think of a neat Latin phrase to assert it ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:58, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Yes, she's the first VP whose parents were immigrants. (A TV announcer said it, so you know it must be true.) Her mother was an immigrant from India, and her father was an immigrant from Jamaica. Like most African-Americans, she has European ancestors, one of whom was allegedly [[:en:Hamilton Brown|Hamilton Brown]], a Scots-Irish slave-trader from County Antrim, Ireland. A brief search via Google isn't revealing the town of his birth, but he had business connections with Ballymoney, so that may be it. (Which would be amusing, since two great-great-great-great-great-grandparents of someone you know emigrated from there to New England in 1730, as did President William McKinley's great-grandparents in 1743.) Also, Kamala Harris may be the first VP whose parents—both of them!—were doctors of philosophy and university professors. If it's true that she attended a French-speaking primary school in Quebec, she probably has at least a passing acquaintance with French. She brings a lot to the table, as people might say. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) ::As to the formulas, the point was merely to highlight a technicality. Biden isn't even a president elect, and Harris isn't even a vice-president elect, except in popular parlance. The purpose of the election last Tuesday was to elect the electors; they, in turn, will be voting on "the Monday after the second Wednesday in December" (says the law), and the votes will be counted by the Congress on 6 January 2021, when we'll at last have a constitutionally certified president elect and vice president elect. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:44, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :::That's a fair point. No one-word expression will get this exactly right. In the navboxes I tend to use "nominatus" if no election is involved, "futurus" if some kind of election or selection procedure has taken place ... allowing myself to gloss over the fact that the future is more uncertain than is the word "futurus"! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:08, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) ::::We also have ''exspectatus.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:14, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :::::I never thought of that. Yes, a good idea. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:27, 9 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == [[Abiogenesis]] == Salve Iacobe, in hac pagina, quam nuper redigisti, patet error quidam citationis. Potesne illum corrigere? [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 23:01, 13 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Dictum factum! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:30, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == Gratias ... == ... sicut saepissime, tibi ago propter paginas heri Russice additas rubricationem. Delevi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:35, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) :Salve Iacobe, [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andreae]] in gratias habendas libenter succedo: tibi etiam ego gratias ago. Aliquid pueriliter deletioni tarditatem attuli. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 10:04, 15 Novembris 2020 (UTC) == Ioannes Petrus Thiollet == Ioannes Petrus Thiollet page deletionem dolendum videtur fuisse error vester. Vide Viaf.org.--[[Specialis:Conlationes/2001:861:4981:4510:50AE:9FAD:C34E:4CCC|2001:861:4981:4510:50AE:9FAD:C34E:4CCC]] 14:02, 22 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) :Magistratus non sum. Paginas delere non possum. Ergo erratum (si erratum videbatur) meum non erat. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:21, 22 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) == Sexing carrots == You might scarcely notice, but I responded (very late in the day) in re carotarum: [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Greges cultivarietatum (cultivar groups)]]. Mind you, what I said is no help in explaining the grammar of ''D. carota'' subsp. ''sativus'', because I can't explain it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:21, 26 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) :Thanks for the head's-up. ''Carota'' certainly ''looks'' feminine, but we never know what Latin-writing scientists who don't know what they're doing might be thinking. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:10, 26 Ianuarii 2021 (UTC) == Chillies == All right, then, now look at [[Capsicum (fructus)#Pinacotheca varietatum selectarum]]. Some missing that are in the list above: in those cases I can't find an image on Commons. Do you grow any in your garden?? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 7 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :Sadly, I don't have a garden of my own, though I've been known to putter in the condominium's plantation. I once managed to sneak some radishes in, but people who've never not lived in a city thought they were weeds. What can we do? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:26, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) == Motus Neo-Borbonis == Hello, the "[[Motus Neo-Borbonis]]" page has already been rewritten. I would like to know what are the main grammatical errors. Thank you. --[[Usor:AEOS1130|AEOS1130]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:AEOS1130|disputatio]]) 16:07, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :Hi, Iacobe. Note the comment on my page also. If you can grasp that text better than I can, and are able to disentangle it, I'll be your fan for life. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:06, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) ::Andrew, when a text is so obscure that its meaning can't quickly be puzzled out, but it's not ''wholly'' in a foreign language, the aptest Latinitas-marker is probably –6. In this case, the lack of any such article in the other wikis is something of a red flag. The English wiki defines Neo-Bourbonism as "nostalgia for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies" but has no article on it per se. The lemma itself is suspect, and the author has removed my <nowiki>{{dubsig}}</nowiki> formula, insisting, in effect, that ''Neo-Borbonis'' is good Latin. Time is lacking for the necessary editorial work. (For example, was the movement really born at Naples, as the text says? and so what? and is it really a movement, not mere nostalgia?) The world is sending us more pressing things to address at the moment. Not everything can be done. Life is short. And so forth. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:22, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :::On second thought, after a couple of minutes trying to parse a few sentences, I'm not so sure that –7 wouldn't be the apter Latinitas marker. Oh well. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:09, 18 Februarii 2021 (UTC) ::::Thanks very much for giving time to this, Iacobe. I doubted my judgment at first, but I agree with your assessment. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:50, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) :::::Et Iacobi et Andreae consentio; quomodo, o AEOS1130, existimes; mihi equidem videtur, ut non solum latinitas sed etiam argumentatio paginae emendandae aequabilitate meliore sint. Non dubito, quin lectoribus nostris et historia et <u>''diversae''</u> aspectae [[Regnum Utriusque Siciliae|Utriusque Siciliae]] aestimationem afferant. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 11:41, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) For example, here, in English, is what the second sentence might be telling us: :Ab articulorum scriptorem et cantuum , televisionis et cinematographicae textuum auctorem Ricardi Pazzaglia serie, cum Ianuario De Crescenzo magistro, scriptore, diurnario et tabulario, contra celebrare adventum Iosephi Garibaldi in Neapolim (die 7 Septembris 1860) ideam nata est. :The sight was born from of the little joints of writers and songs , of television and of a cinematographic female of texts to Richard Pazzaglia's author with regard to a succession, along with Ianuary De Crescenzo, master, writer, journalist and recorder, to celebrate opposite the arrival of Joseph Garibaldi into Naples (on 7 September 1860). ::After some study of these words, we can guess more or less what you're trying to say, ''but you're not actually saying it,'' and encyclopedias exist to do more than provide puzzles for readers. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:17, 19 Februarii 2021 (UTC) == Detritus? == Hi, Iacobe. One more page from our list of 10,000 added! Your energy amazes me. But it seems to me the strange unlinked numbers and letters at the end of each item in the bibliography at [[Arcus insularum]] require linking (if really useful) or taking away. Were you intending to do that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:09, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) :Really? I'm not finding "Island arc" in the list of 10,000. I added the article to turn a relink blue. That link, in turn, was in a new article, on the [[Insulae Kermadecenses]], added because a swarm of strong earthquakes in that area may be indicating important action in the "Ring of Fire." ¶ In bibliographies, I just preserve what the English wiki tells us. The doi is itself a link: [https://library.uic.edu/help/article/1966/what-is-a-doi-and-how-do-i-use-them-in-citations "You can turn any DOI into a URL by adding http://doi.org/ before the DOI."] The ISSN unambiguously identifies the (serial) publication. Bibcode "has the form YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA[,] where YYYY is the four-digit year of the reference and JJJJJ is a code indicating where the reference was published. In the case of a journal reference, VVVV is the volume number, M indicates the section of the journal where the reference was published (e.g., L for a letters section), PPPP gives the starting page number, and A is the first letter of the last name of the first author" (says Wikipedia). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::Wow, I must have just assumed it was in the 10,000. Still, maybe it will be next month. I wouldn't be surprised if you're ahead of the wave. ::I haven't seen you do this in bibliographies before. Perhaps I haven't looked at the right pages. But, for what it's worth, you're not doing what the English wiki does: their codes are linked. Yours aren't. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:42, 8 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::Yes, their codes are linked. Programs running in the background make the necessary connections, but we're not a programmer. Maybe one will come along and visit us from the English wiki, where the signal of "doi:" plus a number are all the information that needs to be typed into the text; the programming does the rest. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:26, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::Slight correction: since most of the bibliographic & footnoted matter seen over there is expanded from coding inside curly brackets, the programming probably involves the governing formulas, and not just hard-coded "doi:" signals. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:05, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::There was no reply, so I've removed these unlinked bibliographic codes. Our aim is to help readers, not to puzzle them (I'm agreeing, in fact, with what you quite rightly said in the discussion just above). Our citations should give standard bibliographical information, as one would do in a professionally published academic work. And also -- this is the wonder of an online encyclopedia -- if we can link to an available online version of the text we're citing, we should certainly do it. :::Putting raw codes on the page, with no links, is no help to anyone. Let's not do it. After all, it seems to me, the place to preserve material on en:wiki is in the history of en:wiki. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:18, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::As for "professionally published academic work," the American Psychological Association's styleguide says: :::::Follow these guidelines for including DOIs and URLs in references: ::::::Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version. ::::::If a print work does not have a DOI, do not include any DOI or URL in the reference. ::::::If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI. ::::Additional recommendations follow, but these are the most pertinent. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:26, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::If we want to include ''and link'' the DOI, that becomes useful, and we can probably do it. :::::The DOI would normally take you to the publisher's website (hence no additional need for a url). The text may be available there free, but more often requiring subscription: still useful if your library has a subscription. Similarly a JSTOR number: many libraries subscribe to JSTOR. Hold on, then, and I'll have a go. "Programming", with luck, will be an overstatement :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:59, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::There's no need for me to do that: the DOI formula already exists here, and is in use on many older pages written by you. It was created by Robert Baruch, possibly for you, back in 2010! It seems we just have to remember to use it. I would have used it myself if I'd known. Instead of writing "doi:''number''", we have to write <nowiki>{{doi|number}}</nowiki>. That's it, folks. I think we can do that. For an example see [[Accipitridae]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:20, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::: I have now added a brief documentation to {{fn|doi}}. But we can even do without the template and instead of writing "doi:''number''" we can write "<nowiki>[[</nowiki>doi:''number'']]", which will automatically turn the doi into a link. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:45, 18 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::::::::Why not do without the curly brackets and the square brackets and enable any string that begins "doi:" to be a link? Vicipaedia has a nontrivial number (less than a thousand but probably more than a hundred) of such strings already in place, as, for example, in "[[Asteroides orbitam Martis transiens]]." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 02:33, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::::::It's a good thing this has come up for discussion, and a good thing too that there turn out to be easy answers. But I want to raise an issue that (in my limited understanding) makes the use of a formula <nowiki>{{}}</nowiki> preferable to the <nowiki>[[]]</nowiki> that UV offers and the "magic number" method that Iacobus has in mind. :::::::::In my view, en:wiki is still at the adolescent stage here: you link the numbers and you show the numbers (although human eyes will avoid reading the numbers and don't ever need to). The adult stage is when you link the numbers and quietly tell the human eye what the link will do. So, with the apparent steady increase in bibliographic codes, a fully featured en:wiki bibliography ends up with a long list of blue numbers, unreadable and not actually requiring to be read, at the end of each item. :::::::::To see the difference, compare what you get on en:wiki in the box labelled "taxon identifiers" at the foot of [[:en:Tomato]], with what you get on la:wiki in the line headed "situs scientifici" at the foot of ''[[Solanum lycopersicum]]''. On en:wiki you're given all the numbers (but how many readers need them?); on la:wiki you get the name of the site, which is what most readers might want. Of course, by mousing or clicking, you can see the number if you want it. :::::::::This isn't a new idea, of course -- it's what hyperlinks normally do! You present to the eye the name of the site or page, and you hide the URL behind it. :::::::::That's what I think we should be able to do, and that's why (in my limited understanding) the use of <nowiki>{{}}</nowiki> would be a better way to go. Sorry, Iacobus, about this long text on your page -- but somehow you're often at the eye of the storm :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:56, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) :::::::::: Enabling any string that begins with <code>doi:</code> to be a link (i. e. a fourth "magic link" besides [[:Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links|ISBN]], [[:Categoria:Pages using PMID magic links|PMID]] and [[:Categoria:Pages using RFC magic links|RFC]]) cannot be configured locally on la.wikipedia, and there are arguments against (further) such magic links, see [[mw:Help:Magic links]] and [[mw:Requests for comment/Future of magic links]]. Therefore we should use the curly or square brackets when we provide a DOI. :::::::::: Whether the template method (curly brackets) or the interwiki method (square brackets) can or will programmatically provide richer information to readers in the future is difficult to foresee. It may well be that changing our {{fn|doi}} template here on la.wikipedia may enable us to improve the presentation of dois, but it might also happen that MediaWiki programmers will enhance the interwiki doi presentation in a way that would be difficult to achieve with templates here on Vicipaedia. But perhaps the template method (curly brackets) will turn out a bit more flexible. In any way, we should use either of these two methods whenever we provide a doi (and it would be a good idea to link any doi in either of the two ways). Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 23:09, 19 Martii 2021 (UTC) {{outdent}}Regardless of the linking method, I think that this is something that we can present more cleanly than in the format prescribed by style manuals. The ''Chicago Manual of Style'', for example, says something similar to the APA. Here's an example of how they would cite an online journal article:<blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. “Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics.” ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66. https://doi.org/10.1086/679524.</blockquote> :The DOI is useful as a theoretically permanent link. Writing it out in full is necessary in a print publication, but here I would argue that we can just attach the link to the title. Here's with a full URL: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. [https://doi.org/10.1086/679524 "Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics"]. ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66.</blockquote> :With <nowiki>[[doi:X]]</nowiki>, it loses the external link symbol, which is unfortunate: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. [[doi:10.1086/679524|"Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics"]]. ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66.</blockquote> :It doesn't look like {{fn|doi}} allows for a different label like this, but I imagine that would be simple to add. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 17:48, 20 Martii 2021 (UTC) ::Sorry I didn't reply before, Lesgles. I'm glad you agree that in an online bibliography there's no need to show the number (e.g. the DOI number): the need is to link it. ::I like your solution -- placing the DOI behind the article title -- especially because it strikes me that DOIs are becoming more and more the standard reference, almost month by month. But I hesitate for two reasons. One is that, for the great majority of the older stuff we cite in bibliographies, there is no DOI: so it's not standard enough yet! The other is that it is more complicated to adopt that method in transferring a bibliography from another source, such as en:wiki: on en:wiki's and other people's bibliographies, the doi appears (if at all) at the end of each entry. The simplest thing on each case would just be to put the curly brackets around the DOI where it is: I can imagine persuading others to do that, I can't so easily imagine persuading others to take the DOI, transfer it just ahead of the article title, and format a link around the whole thing. There's more risk of typos when doing that, and it would take longer each time. [So for clarity, this is my preferred method: <blockquote>Wesoky, Sharon R. "Bringing the Jia Back into Guojia: Engendering Chinese Intellectual Politics". ''Signs'' 40, no. 3 (Spring 2015): 647–66. [https://doi.org/10.1086/679524 doi]</blockquote> ::And it would be simpler, I think, if we were doing that, to make the {{fn|doi}} template do it for us, hence no need to add the "<nowiki>[https://doi ]</nowiki>" each time, just the curly brackets. But if others prefer the Lesgles format as in the examples he gives, above, I will happily go along with that.] Iacobe, do you have a view on this? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:12, 1 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == Titles == I answered you at [[Disputatio:The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]] -- but to no purpose, I'm afraid. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:31, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) :Really useful answers have now been added. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:17, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) ::Quae iam legimus, sed memoriá tenebimus? :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:24, 11 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == improve the page == Hello dear friend! I think that the important page "Princeps senatus" has some fault and mistakes. for example the word "inientes" in this page what does mean?! please improve this article. Thanks! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 09:07, 20 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == question == Hello dear friend! in the article [[Philippicae (Cicero)]], i think that the word "Lupercaliis" is wrong because in en.wiktionary.org, it is written as "Lupercālibus" and in online-latin-dictionary.com/ is written such. see: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lupercalia#Latin and https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-dictionary-flexion.php?lemma=LUPERCALIA100 [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 20:58, 27 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) :For the plural noun ''Lupercalia'' (meaning 'the festival of Lupercus'), Cassell's (1968) gives the genitive as both ''-ium'' (third declension) and ''-iorum'' (second declension), but Traupman (2007) gives it only as ''-ium.'' If either interpretation is acceptable but the third declension is preferable, feel free to change it! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:52, 27 Aprilis 2021 (UTC) == Fodico fodico == Hello again! You hinted here [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Translation_help,_please]] that you might be willing and able to translate the text under the gentleman at [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw126465/John-Florio?LinkID=mp69527&search=sas&sText=Florio&role=sit&rNo=0]. I'm after this since I think it could be a good addition to his en-WP-article. If you're interested in such things, he is also accused of writing the works of Shakespeare [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship]. [[Usor:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|disputatio]]) 08:49, 6 Iulii 2021 (UTC) There's an attempt at translation going on '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Humanities#Latin here]''', feel free to comment. [[Usor:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|Gråbergs Gråa Sång]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Gråbergs Gråa Sång|disputatio]]) 09:08, 16 Iulii 2021 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, please save the [[Qaem Shahr]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Usor:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Viera iran|disputatio]]) 09:21, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) :I can tidy it up, but I'm not a magistrate, and I don't handle wikidata. Aren't bots supposed to make such links? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) Hello, please save the [[FC Nassaji Mazandaran]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Usor:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Viera iran|disputatio]]) 15:46, 4 Maii 2022 (UTC) :As indicated above, I'm not a magistrate, and I don't handle wikidata. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 25 Iulii 2021 (UTC) == De vandalismo == You can say what you like to me, Iacobe, see my talk page for [[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby#Dalby, you are monkey, not Aryan!|evidence]], but your summaries at [[Tokelau]] and [[Niue]] are unreasonable to all magistrates. Like other people, we sleep. Like other people, we have things to do in the real world. (I've been pickling chillies this morning.) Compared with other wikis of comparable size, Vicipaedia is quite good at clearing up vandalism. And you are a major part of this. Thank you with all my heart for watching so closely and for reverting as you do. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:57, 18 Septembris 2021 (UTC) :At least eleven hours and four minutes elapsed between the first instance of vandalism and the first deletion. That's a rather long time for a large handful of magistrates all to be asleep! ¶ Why not divide the day into segments, for each of which at least one magistrate would be responsible? If each of (say) eight magistrates checked the "Nuper mutata" once a day at a set time (the times being distributed at equal intervals), the result of an attack would be visible for less than three hours. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:37, 18 Septembris 2021 (UTC) ::''Omnia aliena, tempus tantum nostrum.'' Vicipaediae, tempus hominum ceteroum gubernare non decet. Officio nostro verecunde mi licet, Vicipaedia non, quia est libera. Ut ceteri/ceterae spectare continuabo. Pariter, ut iam supra scriptum, vigilantiae omnium gratias quoque ago. [[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andreas Raether|disputatio]]) 17:25, 21 Septembris 2021 (UTC) == Corrections == I thank you a lot for the corrections you're making on my articles. I always read what you correct back and your summaries hoping to improve my knowledge on Latin. If you ever think that my article edits bring more harm than good, don't be afraid at all to tell me and I'll stop. I've just started learning Latin so I am aware that my language skill level is very low at the moment. Having said all that, I wanted to correct you on something though: 1 hectometer is equal to 100 meters so 138.8 meters are equal to 1.388 hectometers or ~1.4 hm. This is in reference to [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hectometrum&curid=298908&diff=3642576&oldid=3642575&diffmode=source this edit]. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 10:41, 28 Septembris 2021 (UTC) :Yes, good. I hadn't had my morning coffee yet and didn't see the period (.) and was thinking you didn't know that four-digit numbers (e.g. 1388) don't have a space, whereas numbers with more digits do (e.g., 13&thinsp;888 and 138&thinsp;888). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:41, 28 Septembris 2021 (UTC) I think [[mate]] may be good enough to read now: glance at it only if you have time. I found it a bit difficult to get back to the Latin coalface after 2 weeks away. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:55, 3 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Ah, thanks for the heads-up, but I'm working on other projects at the moment; Vicipaedia fits the schedule best in the mornings (local time), with coffee. Maybe tomorrow. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:28, 3 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == "Sources we used" == I noticed your plea for a means to indicate which were the main sources for an article. I had wanted that myself. See what I've done at [[Eduardus Nignon]], under external links. It's an idea I got from French wiki. If you like it, this <nowiki>{{Penna}}</nowiki> can be added at the end of any line in a bibliography or external links. Optional, of course, and no real need to do it if the book is already cited in [multiple] footnotes. It would be possible to permit different messages, but I think maybe it saves time just to use the single fixed message. I felt it was simpler to do this than to have a separate list of sources -- in which case one would end up transferring titles from one list to another, or forgetting to do it, or duplicating titles etc. etc. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:23, 5 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == [[Colinus Powell]] == You may notice he's on the pagina prima today. Creating that article was a very good thing. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:06, 19 Octobris 2021 (UTC) :Well, he was a Famous Person, and we were all surely surprised that his life hadn't yet appeared in Vicipaedia! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:09, 19 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == emenda paginam == salve! paginam '''[[Rodolphus Graziani]]''' per transfĕrendum hanc [https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodolfo_Graziani&oldid=123491385 paginam] creavi. emenda illam paginam quaesso! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 12:52, 24 Octobris 2021 (UTC) == Nuper mutata == I made a quick comment. This postscript is for your attention: I'm amazed that you see eleven lines of text! In the case of the two examples you give, I see 3 and 4 lines respectively. The system appears to have a cutoff so that it doesn't go beyond the length of those two, but I quite agree that the current cutoff takes it far beyond what's necessary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:28, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :Maybe the size of my font is larger, but the ''degree'' of difference is a surprise. Especially at the end of the day, I tend to spare my eyes by enlarging the letters. (Right now, on my screen, the first sentence starts flushleft with the word ''Maybe'', and the phrase ''end of the'' is at the right margin.) On a PC keyboard, enlarging the font is instantly effected by simultaneously depressing Ctrl and the plus-sign on the number pad—an action repeatable until satisfaction is achieved. Easy as pie! (Ctrl-minus works in reverse.) Surely on a handheld communication device, with a narrower width than my screen, the situation would be even worse? (But maybe the personality of people using such a device leads them not to bother with "Nuper mutata"?) Also in regard to the "Nuper mutata" page, the design of the screen wastes several lines with unnecessary blankspace, but I'll have to take to email to show you a screenshot. Hold on! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:26, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC) ::My preference happens to be roughly the opposite of yours. I like plenty of text in fairly small size: my standard zoom level for Wikipedia is 80%, and I have a big screen. So the degree of difference is not so surprising after all. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:56, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :::Notice my response on one point that you made at Klein Muci's talk page -- you can already eliminate formulas from your Nuper mutata! It takes <s>4</s> 5 clicks (it could be simpler, I admit). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:39, 19 Decembris 2021 (UTC) ==Note to oneself== Haec verba in Taberna die 13 Septembris 2021 scribebamus: "Are linguists aware that individual contributors' attempts to write in Latin can serve as evidence for the process of their acquisition of the language? Contributiors' understandings & misunderstandings are all available, in indisputable black & white, for future study, sometimes augmented by their declarations of doubt & certainty in editboxes & disputation pages. All manner of abilities & personalities are documented here. Some contributors will be seen to be recording their uncertainties, and some will be seen to be declaring that their grammar is 'perfectly fine' when it isn't. The history of this wiki is potentially a gold mine (so to speak) for linguistic and even psychological investigation." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:05, 10 Novembris 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Thanks for noticing those unwanted edits, which happened after my morning coffee and before yours. If a similar thing happens another time, do exactly the same thing -- with just one exception, if you happen to think of this. If the edit is defintely unhelpful, revert it (abrogare) and save. Don't be tempted to make other edits before saving. After saving, by all means go on and improve the page with a second edit, and save again. But if you revert and improve in the same edit, and especially if it's a very long page, the editor who comes after may be left in doubt whether you corrected all the bad things or only some of them. Verbum sapienti [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:51, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) :Ah, OK. When reverting, my eye often catches infelicities other than the ones inviting the reverting, and then my fingers begin to itch. ¶ Multiple unhelpful changes (like today's) often seem to occur when neither of us is awake. Maybe that's a clue as to where they're coming from. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:55, 22 Novembris 2021 (UTC) == Your nuper mutata == It was true, Iacobe, the method I gave you for excluding unwanted namespaces from your Nuper mutata will not, by itself, hold firm each time you go back to Nuper mutata. But it was also true, as Klein Muci then said, that you can make it hold firm for ever by finding the bookmark symbol at the right moment. Perhaps you've discovered this for yourself meanwhile. Tell me if you haven't and I'll explain exactly how. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:15, 30 Decembris 2021 (UTC) == Oysters and rivers == Thanks for your addition to [[Ostreae Rockefeller]], which served to remind me that I had more work to do on that page. On [[Flumen Grande]], via the German wiki (which lists old Spanish names) I guessed at a possible Latin name and found support for it. I haven't suggested moving the page, as yet, because there could surely be other, better or more recent Latin names which we haven't yet guessed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:09, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :I searched the internet for "flumen grande" (in various cases) and found attestations of one—apparently in Brazil! Not pertinent, except that it does tell us that ''flumen grande'' is good Latin for the concept. Likewise, searches for ''fluvius grandis'' proved unavailing. Further, ''magnum flumen'' and ''magnus fluvius'' must abound, but maybe not helpfully so in regard to this particular example. We have an irony here, in that the river is never impressively wide, and the flow of its water has been so reduced by damming and climate change that it sometimes dries up completely now before reaching the Gulf of Mexico. As a site of undocumented immigration, however, it has enormous importance in U.S. politics, so I was surprised to see that Vicipaedia didn't have at least a stub on it; also, of course, it's one of the 10,000 essential articles. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:27, 10 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Speaking of those, I thought you wouldn't disagree if I gave your new page primary position at [[Sal]]. It's exactly what classical Latin writers would have meant when they said "Sal" -- but probably you would not have been able to put it at that title because deletion of existing redirects was necessary. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:19, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :::Yes, that's fine. Redirects (both here and in the English wiki) are mostly useful, but they've sometimes proven problematic, and they've definitely cost us points at Meta. Speaking of which, we have the newly discovered problem of "[[Stagnum]]," which correctly links to English "Pond" but still isn't being counted among our 10,000 articles at Meta. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:02, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::::Will Meta recognize articles resurrected from the dead? See "[[Boeing]]," another of the 10,000 most important articles. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:02, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Georgius Fishta == Hello Iacobus! :) I was recently working on the article of Lissus (Lezha), an Albanian city and while listing some of its most well-known historical figures, I was surprised to see that the article for [[Georgius Fishta]] already existed and it was written by you some years ago. I got curious and I wanted to ask how come you've gotten interested in that writer. The creation summary you had provided some years ago included a number but I'm not sure what that is supposed to mean. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 18:56, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) :I have no idea why I wrote it. The number is in the Dewey Decimal Classification, a widely recognized system for cataloging publications. It's a guess, and it could be wrong! Here's a simple version of it; [https://www.librarything.com/mds/0 click to expand.] As you'll see, Albanian literature is 891.991. A problem with biographies, of course, is that people can have several specialties, each with its own number, so a cataloger has to choose the most important or exemplary. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:11, 21 Februarii 2022 (UTC) ::Interesting. Thank you! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:05, 22 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == De systemate periodico extenso == Ave Iacobe, veniam peto ob fastidium a mihi tibi creato. Vidi te paginam de [[systema periodicum extensum ultra septimum periodum|systemate periodico extenso ultra septimum periodum ]] latinitatem -5 habere dixisse. Quid erratum est? Si possum, velim errores corrigere... Gratias ago, [[Usor:Llaaww|Llaaww]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Llaaww|disputatio]]) 18:43, 28 Februarii 2022 (UTC) == Latin syntax == Hello! I had an overall question about the Latin syntax and I was wondering if you could help. I know that there is no fixed word order in Latin and I also know that in basic Latin guides students may be told that usually the verb goes in the end of the sentence. Does that "rule" still apply if the sentence is very long though? I was reading about my country to practice my Latin (reading about something you already know helps) and I noticed this sentence: ''A septemptrione Monte Nigro, oriente Kosoviae et Macedoniae, meridie Graeciae, occidente mari Hadriatico finitur.'' Its syntax does seem a bit awkward for my eyes. Having the verb in the end of the sentence usually makes for a more amused reader because it entertains their curiosity for meaning and context (you have to wait until the very ende of the sentence to know what the other is talking about). However in that case, the very long sentence feels like it surpasses the human cognitive load and when you eventually do get the verb, you may have to reread the beginning again to remember what it was about. Does it feel the same for you, an experienced Latin reader? Do you think that could be rewritten in a better way in regard to verb positioning? - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 16:07, 15 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :''Finitur'' sounds fine to my ear. (But are the previous words in that sentence idiomatic?) The passage before ''finitur'' isn't all that long, and because it breaks down into four short phrases that are (or should be) grammatically parallel, it doesn't feel overlong at all. If you really want to tickle your syntactical senses, observe, in English, the first lines of book II of ''Paradise Lost'' (by John Milton), with the main verbs (of independent clauses) here in bold: ::High on a throne of royal state—which far ::Outshone the wealth of Ormuz and of Ind, ::Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand ::Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold— ::Satan exalted '''sat''', by merit raised ::To that bad eminence; and, from despair ::Thus high uplifted beyond hope, '''aspires''' ::Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue ::Vain war with Heaven, and, by success untaught, ::He proud imaginations thus '''displayed.'''⁠ :Note that, although English is an SVO language, the last clause is SOV: "He imaginations displayed." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 18:53, 15 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::The provided example crushes all my dilemmas if the sentence I provided was "too much". I guess it's just too much for me than, my mind still unable to auto-break it down in meaning in 4 equal parts (even though the commas are there) while still remembering context. That sentence was from [[Albania]], second sentence of the article. Thank you for your insight! :) - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 11:42, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::Meanwhile, did you hear the music of "I'''nd''' . . . ha'''nd''' . . . gol'''d'''" and "'''Sat'''an . . . '''sat'''" and "de'''sp'''ai'''r''' . . . a'''sp'''i'''r'''es . . . '''p'''u'''rs'''ue" and "'''h'''igh . . . '''h'''ope . . . '''h'''igh . . . '''H'''eaven"? Also, "by success untaught" may be a wry echo of ''indocilis pauperiem pati'' 'untaught to brook privation' in Horace's first ode of book one. Milton spoke & wrote Latin fluently, read Horace thoroughly, and worked echoes of Horace into various parts of ''Paradise Lost.'' ¶ Meanwhile, I doubt that the diction you cite is the most idiomatic possible. The not-quite parallelism could be problematic: 'It's bounded on the north in regard to Black Mountain, on Kosovo and Macedonia's east, on Greece's south, on the west to the Adriatic sea'. Can that be geographically right? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:55, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) ::::I did when I was reading it quickly and it was aesthetically pleasing even though I had difficulties in finding out where it was coming from. I've been interested in taking a look at the so-called Milton's mysterious magnum opus but so far I have yet to read ''Paradise Lost''. I've been careful not to read too much on it online not wanting to spoil myself. ::::I believe not. This is "the same" sentence from the EnWiki version: ''It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south.'' This paints a better picture I believe. - [[Usor:Klein Muçi|Klein Muçi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Klein Muçi|disputatio]]) 17:29, 17 Aprilis 2022 (UTC) :::::I enjoyed reading this discussion, and, as often, I find that I agree fully with Iacobus. Milton is a lovely example (and well worth reading). If you want something simpler (and Latin instead of English) {{Ping|Klein Muçi}} Try reading Caesar's commentaries ''De Bello Gallico'' and maybe use a translation to help you follow it. It's an executive summary for senators of what Caesar claimed to have done each year. There, too, clauses and sentences fall into parallel groups, and as you learn to recognise them you find that the prose becomes easier to read. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 5 Maii 2022 (UTC) == [[Saulges]] == Salve, carissime Iacobe, quomodo te habes? Adiutum tuum in hac pagina necesse est, quia nomen Gallicum inveni. Mutare possumus? Tibi gratias ago. [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 08:56, 3 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Strategy == I can't remember the answer to this: I'm sure you can. [[Capsicum (fructus)]], one of the Myriad, is already full length and I am still expanding it: will this further increase our score, or not? If yes, I'll continue. If no, I will take out the list of cultivarietates to make a separate list article, as is done in English. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Maii 2022 (UTC) :It's already got 76,490 octeti, so removing fewer than 60,490 shouldn't make a difference, as 16,000 qualifies a text for maximal points. The removal will reduce the mean by a small & probably negligible amount, but it certainly won't affect the median. Have at it, if you like! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:40, 12 Maii 2022 (UTC) == Musica Romae antiquae / Musica Romana antiqua == Salve, Iacobe. Petrus sum (tibi antea forte sub nomine "Frenchnerd" notus), is qui nuperrime ultimam partem [[Musica Romana antiqua|Musicae Romanae antiquae]] curavi. Quid censes de latinitate huius rei, estne melior nunc? Bene scio multa, quae ad artem Latine scribendi attinent, mihi etiamnunc addiscenda esse meumque scribendi genus fortasse quadam elegantia vel venustate carere, sed, ut ingenue fatear, istam elegantiam interdum sophisticam libenter neglegendam existimo perspicuitatis gratia... Si igitur tempus tibi fuerit, rem supra commemoratam, quaeso, iterum inspicias. Bibliographiam non attigi, quamvis multae quisquiliae ibi maneant, ut emendentur... Fortasse etiam de inscriptione rei nobis cogitandum erit, cum res inscribatur "Musica Romana antiqua", textus autem sic inchoet: ''Musica Romae antiquae...'' Quae cum ita sint: cura, amice, ut quam optime valeas! Tibi obstricissimus [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 12:14, 11 Iunii 2022 (UTC) ==De Curculionoideis== Gratias tibi ago de iis quae in omnibus commentationibus confers! De duobus in [[Curculionoidea|Curculionoideis]] consulere velim. Primum: Nonne "Curculionidae" et alia familiarum animalium nomina, sicut in fabulis "Atreidae" aliaque eiusmodi patronymica, masculina sunt? Alterum: Notam immisisti questus Anglicam Vicipaediam alibi Curculionoideum, alibi Bostrichoideum ''Austroplatypoda'' vocare. Egomet nusquam invenio aliud quam Curculionoideum esse. Potesne monstrare, ubi Bostrichoideum esse dicatur? [[Usor:Arbarulo|Arbarulo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Arbarulo|disputatio]]) 16:32, 13 Iunii 2022 (UTC) == Thanks == ... for your comment at [[Disputatio Usoris:PEDCPR]]. If you have time, please look there again. If you have additional time, please look at Petrus Tectander's query on my talk page. I know nothing about music ... But I know you're busy! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:08, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Yes, the (annual except for 2020 & 2021) folklife festival on the Mall has been proving irresistible to my (hobbyist) cameras, a double issue of an academic journal I copyedit has been in progress, and so forth. Busy, busy! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:13, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Salvus sis, Iacobe. Video Andream te iam certiorem fecisse de iis, quae in eius pagina disputationis scripseram. Si tibi occupatissimo placebit, tempore dato rogatum meum [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputatio_Usoris:Andrew_Dalby#Certamen_musicum/Concentus_vs._Concertatio_(?) ibi] legas. [[Usor:Petrus Tectander|Petrus Tectander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Petrus Tectander|disputatio]]) 18:41, 4 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Amaro Pargo == Salve, de hoc; [[Disputatio:Amaro Pargo]]. Titulum articulum esse puto; Amarus Pagrus. Verbum "Pargo" = Pagrus, cognomen est piscis huius; [[:es:Pagrus_pagrus|Pagrus pagrus]]. Puto etiam nomen in hoc articulo Latinizandum esse: [[Maria de León Bello y Delgado]]. Omnes optimis. [[Specialis:Conlationes/87.223.45.200|87.223.45.200]] 20:09, 12 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :Mos noster est praenomina et agnomina, sed non cognomina, Latine reddi. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:45, 13 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == A couple of messages to me == Looking at the page history of [[Tyrone Power]] I see a couple of summaries by you, attached to edits tagged "minor", a couple of months ago, which begin "Andrew ..." I guess that must be me. Well, just to clarify, I don't hold the views you seem to attribute to me. I don't know why you thought I did. Never mind -- have a nice day, as they say -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:38, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :I think I see what it was now. That page had been edited by a miscreant: you were unlucky enough to edit it straight afterwards without noticing the vandal's touch. Seeing the page afterwards, I regarded your edits as neutral rather than improvements, so I reverted to the previous good state of the page. In general, "Lifetime" is fine by me: I see it as neither better nor worse that the alternative. I agree that "CFA" is not the most helpful term to choose, but, as a link, it works. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:14, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::Ah, OK. Too long ago for worry, but you seem to have figured it out! ¶ Meanwhile, while we've got your attention: neither the new form of the disputatio-starting page, nor the current version of the so-called legacy form, may be looking as good as the truly old one. ¶ Also, in case you've noticed the absence of an article on this year's [[Circuitus Franciae]]: the cable network that used to show the race for free (as part of its ordinary programming) isn't doing so this year and is charging money for live-streaming, so the unfortunate cyclists have sunk into oblivion. Of course anyone remains free to add an article to continue the series. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:49, 21 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Emenda! == Salve! emenda [[Provocatio ad populum|hanc paginam]], tibi gratias ago! [[Usor:Mehdi khazaee|Mehdi khazaee]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mehdi khazaee|disputatio]]) 19:18, 23 Iulii 2022 (UTC) == Starting a talk page == Trying to help you here without fully understanding your problem: therefore ignore if useless. On la:wiki I have no difficulty such as you describe. But maybe the following will help: On en:wiki, yes, I do see an unfriendly screen saying in large red letters "Why the hell do you want to do this, you idiot?" On that screen, I click on the button bizarrely labelled "Start a discussion". The system now reluctantly gets ready to open an edit window, while soupily urging "A new way to start topics is here" (a Dutchman must have written that). Alternatively it invites me to return to the "legacy experience", which would be sex, wouldn't it? All right, I think I used to like sex, I'll have a go at it. I click on "legacy experience". I have to insist once more on "legacy experience as default": then I get to my preference page and I have to push a button near the bottom labelled "open the wikitext editor". If I do all that, I get back to normality just in time for breakfast. It looks as if, from where you are, you would achieve the same outcome on Vicipaedia by going to "Modi/Praeferentiae", choosing the tab "Edit screen/Recensere", finding the button near the bottom labelled "open the wikitext editor", clicking it, and saving. None of this, I assure you, has anything to do with the magistratus :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:15, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :It has to do with ''somebody,'' because these things don't happen of their own accord! One curiosity is that the summarium box has disappeared. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:35, 24 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::It's a Wikimedia-wide change: you can find some explanations [[:mw:Talk pages project/Feature summary|here]], as I discovered in responding to your question. ::When you asked about it on the Taberna, I didn't immediately recall the event -- sorry -- but I must in fact have determined immediately in my own case to enjoy the "legacy experience" and followed the steps above almost without conscious thought. Again in my own case, and to try out the solution to your problem, I followed the same steps yesterday on en:wiki, as I narrated above. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:39, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) :::One is reminded of businesses that, when they make a change that inconveniences you, will post a sign or send an email to tell you it's "for your convenience." ¶ I tried the "legacy experience" a week or two ago, but the result differed somewhat from what was expected. Let's try it again when I add another orchid or bee. ¶ Speaking of bees, Vicipaedia may have made a mistake in making "[[Anthophila]]" equivalent to "[[:en:Bee|Bee]]" (though, strictly speaking, it seems to be), the problem being that ''anthophila'' is a clade, not one of the basic levels of taxa (class, order, family, genus, species). Would it have been better to say that ''anthophila'' = ''apis (cladus)'' and thus to distinguish between ''Apis (genus)'' and ''apis (cladus)''? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 10:34, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) ::::That's interesting. Tell me if I'm wrong, but I don't think there is a clade "Apis" (as distinct from the genus "Apis"), or indeed a clade "''Bee''" ... is there? If there isn't, we can't pretend there is. It would be an error to use "apis" in Latin, or "abeille" in French, to cover all the insects covered by English "bee", because vernacular names don't correspond in that way from language to language. It would be pointless, anyway, to create a Latin or French page specifically to enumerate all the insects that the English call "bee". That's a job for Victionarium or Victionnaire: our articles have to describe things, not words. Yes, I know, I'm saying things you have often said yourself. ::::Now there actually is a clade "Potato" these days (roughly on a level with [[Solanum subg. Leptostemonum]] but not defined as a subgenus). My question is, should I translate the name or not? You may have had similar issues among the cabbages. I think it will only cause confusion if I translate it (NB it includes the tomatoes as well as the potatoes), and I think I have to call it [[Solanum clad. Potato]], explaining the name in the first sentence. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:38, 25 Iulii 2022 (UTC) <!-- == Occidam vos omnes! Ego organa tua eximam et in platea proice! Videam te ibi! Crura tibi praecidam! Tua viscera suffocabo! cultrum in os tuum cogam! Peius, Kemalist! Puella ego te interficiam! Sit cruor in plateis, domi te interficiam! Sacrificium in platea prohibetur! == [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.155.192.228|195.155.192.228]] 13:32, 9 Augusti 2022 (UTC) [Ancyrae in Turcia fortasse divulgatum.] --> ==Question== Dear unknown user—apparently identified as 36.72.160.0 - 36.72.175.255 / netname: TLKM_BB_SERVICE_36_72_DIVRE3-4 / descr: PT TELKOM INDONESIA / descr: STO Gambir 3rd Floor / descr: Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 12 / descr: Jakarta 10110 / country: ID / admin-c: AR165-AP / tech-c: HM444-AP / abuse-c: AI598-AP / status: ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE / mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET / mnt-irt: IRT-IDTELKOM-ID / last-modified: 2021-01-26T22:07:12Z / source: APNIC<!-- irt: IRT-IDTELKOM-ID address: PT. TELKOM INDONESIA address: STO Telkom Gambir 3th Floor address: Medan Merdeka Selatan address: JAKARTA e-mail: abuse@telkom.co.id abuse-mailbox: abuse@telkom.co.id admin-c: DF99-AP tech-c: AR165-AP auth: # Filtered remarks: abuse@telkom.co.id was +validated on 2022-04-28 mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET last-modified: 2022-04-28T14:08:08Z source: APNIC role: ABUSE IDTELKOMID address: PT. TELKOM INDONESIA address: STO Telkom Gambir 3th Floor address: Medan Merdeka Selatan address: JAKARTA country: ZZ phone: +000000000 e-mail: abuse@telkom.co.id admin-c: DF99-AP tech-c: AR165-AP nic-hdl: AI598-AP remarks: Generated from irt object IRT-IDTELKOM-ID remarks: abuse@telkom.co.id was validated on 2022-04-28 abuse-mailbox: abuse@telkom.co.id mnt-by: APNIC-ABUSE last-modified: 2022-04-28T14:09:09Z source: APNIC role: PT Telkom Indonesia APNIC Resources Management address: PT. TELKOM INDONESIA address: Menara Multimedia Lt. 7 address: Jl. Kebonsirih No.12 address: JAKARTA country: ID phone: +62-21-3860500 fax-no: +62-21-3861215 e-mail: ip-admin@telkom.net.id admin-c: HM444-AP tech-c: HM444-AP nic-hdl: AR165-AP notify: hostmaster@telkom.net.id mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET last-modified: 2008-09-04T07:54:16Z source: APNIC person: PT Telkom Indonesia Hostmaster nic-hdl: HM444-AP e-mail: hostmaster@telkom.net.id address: PT. TELKOM INDONESIA address: Menara Multimedia Lt. 7 address: Jl. Kebonsirih No.12 address: JAKARTA phone: +62-21-3860500 fax-no: +62-21-3861215 country: ID notify: hostmaster@telkom.net.id mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET last-modified: 2008-09-04T07:29:40Z source: APNIC route: 36.72.160.0/20 descr: PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia country: ID origin: AS17974 mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET last-modified: 2013-12-10T08:18:13Z source: APNIC route: 36.72.160.0/20 origin: AS7713 descr: Telekomunikasi Indonesia (PT) PT Telkom - Divisi Infratel Gedung STO Gambir LT 3 Sub Divisi Resource Management & Operation Jalan Merdeka Selatan No .12 mnt-by: MAINT-TELKOMNET last-modified: 2021-08-18T20:07:48Z source: APNIC-->—why did you delete my page in Vicipaedia? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 21:40, 27 Augusti 2022 (UTC) == [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Atlantici]] == I saw your comment when adding <nowiki>{{Augenda}}</nowiki> to one of these communes. You're right. There are 541 of them (setting aside other similar pages elsewhere). Helveticus created them all but he added no external sources (in most cases), he never wrote enough text to be useful, and he never even looked for Latin names. In a few cases others (Lesgles, me, etc.) have found the Latin names; in a few cases more text has been added. Otherwise, they remain as they were, "Non stipula" for three reasons, begging for deletion. If you're prepared to go through them, using [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Atlantici]] as a working list, and mark them <nowiki>{{Augenda|2022|9}}</nowiki>, I will take it from there. You could skip the few whose name is a redirect: these will normally have Latin pagenames, which makes them worth saving. I will work on the few pages about large towns, worth expanding and saving. After three months, I will delete the rest. How about it? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:49, 3 Septembris 2022 (UTC) :Being somewhat preoccupied the past few months, I've been looking for mindless activities to be doing while waking up at breakfast, and that project could be one of them, but its scope seems too daunting to make a promise. And how about the ''other'' prefectures? Is the true number of such unsourced articles in the thousands, or even the tens of thousands?! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:57, 3 Septembris 2022 (UTC) ::Quite a few of them, however, do seem to have sources, so it'd be a shame not to retain the lot. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:01, 3 Septembris 2022 (UTC) :::OK, the A's are done down to and including [[Araux]]. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 3 Septembris 2022 (UTC) ::::They'll still have three months, and I always judge each page individually, saving whatever I reasonably can. The reason for identifying these (sparked by your summarium, as I mentioned above) is that they were clearly unfinished and forgotten. The same may apply to communes in one or two other French départements, but the majority (many thousands of pages) are a tiny bit better ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:18, 3 Septembris 2022 (UTC) == [[Ordo saecularis]] == Salve Iacobe, I hope that you accept the usage of the English language for discussions. First of all, I am very thankfull for improving the ''Latinitas'' level of the new article [[Ordo saecularis]], but I have seen that you have categorised it as a ''pagina brevior'', which I honestly cannot comprehend. There are a definition, links to and from this site, a source (I thought it might be appropiate to choose a bilangual latin-italian one), images and a Vicidata link. Can you please tell me, what to do to improve the page? Gratiam tibi ago [[Usor:Socius sociologicus|Socius sociologicus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Socius sociologicus|disputatio]]) 12:40, 24 Septembris 2022 (UTC) :Dictum factum! The page is excellent. Feel free to continue adding articles! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:12, 24 Septembris 2022 (UTC) ::Gratias ago! [[Usor:Socius sociologicus|Socius sociologicus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Socius sociologicus|disputatio]]) 19:47, 24 Septembris 2022 (UTC) ==De nomine Catalauniae/Cataloniae/Catalanae== Salve! Commentationem de [[Lingua Catalana]] augere volo. Tamen ex disputationibus eius paginae atque [[Catalaunia]]e videtur numquam consensum esse de nomine eius terrae et linguae. Egomet huius rei haud sciens sum. Quaeso tu et alii in [[Disputatio:Catalaunia]] sententiam, si habes, proferas. [[Usor:Arbarulo|Arbarulo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Arbarulo|disputatio]]) 14:11, 25 Septembris 2022 (UTC) == de [[Renan Contar]]== Salvus sis! Tu homo multo magis patiens quam ego esse videris. Nam in commentatione de domino Contar singula verba non apta formula "Dubsig" ornasti. Revera res omnis non Latine scripta est, mea opinione! Latinis verbis utique sed sententiis non intelligibilibus. Ne perdamus tempus in erroribus singillatim et discretim detegendis. Sed cunctim et coacervatim erratica tamquam opusculum ab initio rescribendum patefaciamus. Dic, an sim in hoc nimis malignus contra tirones. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 19:59, 19 Octobris 2022 (UTC) == [[Osvaldus Moles]] == Salve Iacobe, quomodo te habes? Redactiones feci, etiam ultima sicut Anonimus. Vale. [[Usor:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Rei Momo|disputatio]]) 23:17, 17 Novembris 2022 (UTC) == Apollo Poetry == If you feel I was wrong to delete [[Disputatio:Apollo Poetry|Apollo Poetry]] please say so. Your comment in our disputatio was partly about the status of the image. If you want to pursue that, you had better do so at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/File:Apollo_Poetry.jpg Deletion requests/File:Apollo Poetry.jpg] -- quickly, I suggest. I have just noticed, this moment, that the editors at Commons were waiting on us before deleting the image. My personal view was that this was all self-promotion that survived too long, but evidently you have doubts. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:08, 7 Ianuarii 2023 (UTC) :It always arouses skepticism when a named but otherwise unknown party urges action for reasons untraceable elsewhere, but Mr. Poetry is hardly so notable as to be ''necessary'' to the enterprise, though he's doubtlessly ''much more notable'' than subjects we do tolerate, for example, the eleven denizens of [[Caychax]], a hamlet that, unlike Mr. Poetry, doesn't have a YouTube channel (most of the hamlet can apparently be glimpsed in the first six seconds of the video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKsenuPIjVQ here]). Furthermore, mainstream poets and their audiences tend to look down on performers billing themselves as "spoken word poets," and it's useful to guard against unwittingly adopting that kind of cultural imperialism. Additionally, since this one has been something of a political activist, maybe he's said or done something that has ruffled someone's feathers and that party wants to silence him. Or maybe he himself has private reasons to want to scrub from the internet any knowledge of his prior public activities. We just don't know, but it doesn't seem to be a clear case either way, so I guess the best response is a shrug. It'd be nice, though, to have a copy of the text for my archives; it was gone before I could retrieve it. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:46, 7 Ianuarii 2023 (UTC) ::OK, those are fair reasons! I've brought it back. If you decide to work on it a couple of reliable sources, not linked to him, would be the minimum. IMDB doesn't count as reliable because, like Wikipedia, anyone can edit it. What he says on YouTube might be interesting to cite but can't count among reliable sources about him. Hope that helps. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:19, 7 Ianuarii 2023 (UTC) == Iulianus Sands == Hello. Can you add the disappearance with news sources of the English actor [[Iulianus Sands]] in his article? He has been missing since 13 January 2023, after he went hiking in the San Gabriel Mountains in California near Los Angeles. Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.22.67|31.200.22.67]] 20:14, 28 Ianuarii 2023 (UTC) :Sic fecit Andreas, sed eius loci natalis nomen Latinum invenimus nosmet. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:05, 30 Ianuarii 2023 (UTC) == [[Octopus]] == A very brief page, but a 10,000 problem: the text talks about the word, and correctly says that this word is the name of a genus. The taxobox, however, applies to the order '''Octopoda'' (not quite the same word, because it's neuter). It is the order that belongs to the 10,000. So we could # move this page to Octopoda, and correct the text, and hold on tight to the Wikidata link and thus to the 10,000 # start a page that will be truly about the genus, which will then be correctly titled "Octopus". Should we do these things? What's your opinion? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:50, 1 Martii 2023 (UTC) :Ahhhh. I'll take a look when time becomes available. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:53, 1 Martii 2023 (UTC) ::OK, quickly. Maybe the original text was trying to say 'kind' (in a general sense) instead of 'genus' (in a taxonomic sense), as the English wiki doesn't seem to recognize a genus having this name. As you imply, the article needs to define the order, to which a link to the other wikis is correctly in place. So both your options are good, except that the second one should be about the history of the word, not the (nonexistent) genus; or that page could just become a redirect, with the etymological information merely a section of the article on octopoda. ¶ Bear in mind that when articles among the 10,000 are moved to be under a new title, the system apparently doesn't recognize the change (and Vicipaedia loses points), as the link has to be manually updated (in ways unknown to me) in Meta (or wherever the links go). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:16, 1 Martii 2023 (UTC) :::I agree with you about the original text, but you made me gulp for a moment: did I check that before writing? No, I didn't, but I had remembered correctly: in fact there is a genus: see ''[[Octopus cyanea]]'' and on en:wiki see [[:en:Octopus (genus)]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:53, 1 Martii 2023 (UTC) ::::And there we see the value of the word ''seem.'' :) So yes, then, and both options are good as they stand! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 1 Martii 2023 (UTC) == Planeta pulsaris vs Planetae pulsarium == Hi IacobusAmor! What do you think about [[Disputatio:Planeta pulsaris#Planeta_pulsaris_/_Planetae_pulsarium|this point]]? -- [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:43, 23 Martii 2023 (UTC) :See my comments there. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:55, 23 Martii 2023 (UTC) == Splitting comments for answering == Hi Iacobus. Just a technical note. I think it would be preferrable not to split other users' comments to intervene concerning something stated in the middle, because it makes the page unreadable to whoever approaches the discussion later. I created the {{fn|Re}} and {{fn|Cc}} templates exactly for these cases. For instance, if you have : This is not the really important thing…_{{{pq|← You want to leave a comment about this}}} Not exactly classical, but there is ... you could do : This is not the really important thing… Not exactly classical, but there is :: {{Re||This is not the really important thing…}} Your answer goes here --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2023 (UTC) :Thanks, but practices ingrained for fifteen years aren't easily changed, especially when acquiring new formulas isn't high on the to-do list. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:50, 14 Aprilis 2023 (UTC) :: I will keep unsplitting the comments every time you do that then :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:32, 14 Aprilis 2023 (UTC) P.S. On a different note, I just created the {{fn|Voco}} template, which is a clone of {{fn|Ping}} without the final colon. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:35, 14 Aprilis 2023 (UTC) == De Accumulatris == Hi Iacobus, What would you think if we followed this scheme? # [[Accumulatrum]] → [[d:Q2288996]] {{pq|✔ Done}} # [[Accumulatrum electricum]] → [[d:Q109376674]] # [[Pilae onerabiles]] (or whatever other alternative name) → [[d:Q187510]] Point #2 exists only in Italian, but that Wiki has two articles [[it:Accumulatore elettrico]] and [[it:Batteria ricaricabile]] (so #3 would be a subspecies of #2 – but #2 would include also [[condensatrum|condensatra]], for example – and #2 would be a subspecies of #1). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:13, 20 Aprilis 2023 (UTC) ==Ante Christum natum== Salutem dico. Laborem tuum in correptionibus dilaudo, ut commentarii poliantur. Hesternam autem non ita intellexi: nam dixisti (in commentatione [[anseres Capitolini|anserum Capitolinorum]]) formulam compendiariam ''a.Chr.n.'' non esse Latinam sed "Germanicam". Ecce quod inveni hic apud latinistas: [[Ante Christum natum]] sive https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/achrn Insuper sublineas "nos non esse Germanos!!". Fateor me ipsum quoque non Germanum esse!! Si Germanus essem, tamen criticam de usu formulae pure Latinae in Latina Vicipaediana (secundum Iacobum evitanda) non intelligerem. - [[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Giorno2|disputatio]]) 05:38, 27 Maii 2023 (UTC) :[[:de:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._Chr.|"Gleichbedeutend mit ''v. Chr.'' ist die Abkürzung '''a. Chr. n.''', die für das lateinische ''ante Christum natum'' (‚vor der Geburt Christi‘) steht."]] Nihilominus, mos vicipaedianus '''[[a.C.n.]]''' semper fuit, est, erit. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:51, 27 Maii 2023 (UTC) == De astrologia planitiei Scythicae == Hi Iacobe. I think I mentioned before, if correcting and improving a page that has been vandalized, it's safest to deal with the vandalism in one edit, then save, then make any improvements you wish and save again. If you don't do it this way, you run the risk of wasting your time, because your edits could get reverted along with the vandalism. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:11, 8 Iunii 2023 (UTC) :Leapfrogging back over the vandalized version, I edited the last good version. You then restored the vandalized version. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:14, 9 Iunii 2023 (UTC) ::I don't see a case where I've done that. If there is, please tell me which article it is. ::Meanwhile, please respond directly to the point I'm making. If you correct vandalism and make other edits in the same move, you make it difficult for any following editor to verify that the vandalism has been corrected. And so, when I'm doing what you did, reverting to a previous version, I say so in the summary (e.g. "versionem stabilem restituo"). Then, if I need to make further changes, I do it in a second edit. That means any future editor knows what moves I made. If you revert ''and edit further in the same move'', with an unclear summary, it takes others longer to verify how your version differs from the previous one. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:39, 10 Iunii 2023 (UTC) :::To minimize clutter, my habit has been to do the leapfrogging & editing described above, but the history of ''[[Scorpio (astrologia)|this article]]'' seems to have been misremembered: I started with an ineptly coded but not necessarily vandalizing edit by an unknown entity. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:20, 10 Iunii 2023 (UTC) ::::OK, yes, in that case I think I was the one who took the vandalism out. It surely is vandalism, and it's a pattern being repeated across the zodiac. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:45, 10 Iunii 2023 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello. Can you create the article [[:en:Laacher See]], which is the third most powerful volcano in Europe after Campi Flegrei and Santorini, in Latin Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[Usor:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Multituberculata|disputatio]]) 10:01, 12 Iunii 2023 (UTC) :Someone else tends to do mountains here. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:42, 23 Iunii 2023 (UTC) ::Do you do private translations? Where can I contact you? [[Usor:Qondd2|Qondd2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qondd2|disputatio]]) 20:33, 5 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :::''[[Laacher See|Laacher See has ready been translatad]]'' [[Usor:Qondd2|Qondd2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qondd2|disputatio]]) 00:50, 6 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) == [[Renascentia litterarum]] == Hi, Iacobe. Notice the edit to this page, and consider in particular whether it represents Vasari's thinking as well as your version. Don't hesitate to edit further or to restore some of your text if needed. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 07:54, 23 Iunii 2023 (UTC) :The revision looks OK. It did cut a sentence, whose keywords I've added to the NexInt, where they can stay until such time as they go back into the main text. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:40, 23 Iunii 2023 (UTC) == Capital letters == I have noted you re-arranged my text in the [[Exaltatio Crucis]], thank you. I have the following question: when describing liturgical matters, it is quite natural for me to follow the conventions used in Roman liturgical editions, in which all canonical hours are capitalised, Vesperae, hymnus ad Vesperas dicendus, ad Matutinum etc. You changed into "vesperas", "matutinum". On the contrary, "sanctus" with personal names is spelt always with a lowercase, festum sanctae Caeciliae, sanctus Andreas and so on ("Sanctus" is mostly just for God). You changed into "Sancta Helena". Would you mind indicating whether the convention for using capitals / lowercase for such things has already been discussed somewhere? [[Usor:Ailamnos|Ailamnos]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ailamnos|disputatio]]) 17:00, 24 Iunii 2023 (UTC) == Re "please don't model such bios on outdated formats" == Thanks for editing [[Gulielmus Shockley]]. What is the example of a non-outdated bio page?. [[Usor:Ornil|Ornil]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ornil|disputatio]]) 16:34, 29 Iunii 2023 (UTC) :The current version of "[[Gulielmus Shockley]]." Use the list at "Nuper mutata" to see what has changed, particularly the nexus at <nowiki>"[[Anglice]],"</nowiki> the footnote, and the Notae. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:40, 29 Iunii 2023 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago. [[Usor:Ornil|Ornil]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ornil|disputatio]]) 00:12, 30 Iunii 2023 (UTC) == Suspicious edits in Franciscus de Quevedo Villegas == Hello, I'm the user "Qondd2", do not remove tags, you removed a tag from the article Franciscus de Quevedo Villegas. If any user found the insertion of the marking necessary, it is their right and it is in accordance with the rules, I have already reverted your edit. Thank you! [[Usor:Qondd2|Qondd2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qondd2|disputatio]]) 22:33, 3 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :You didn't revert the previous edit: you accepted it in toto (including a typo, "Ialiane" for "Italiane"!), except for reinserting the <nowiki>{{scriptor-stipula}}</nowiki> formula, which had been removed because the text had a magnitude of 3859, well more than the usual upper limit of stubs, and except for suppressing a blankline customarily placed above the categories. The question of what the precise upper limit of stubs should be (or indeed whether there should be a precise limit) is a question best raised in the Taberna. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 00:34, 4 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) ::"Revert" does not mean undo or undo, in wikipedian contexts, means "remove". Wikipedia doesn't have fixed rules, I can abolish sketch tags, I can remove valid text. [[Usor:Qondd2|Qondd2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Qondd2|disputatio]]) 01:16, 4 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) == “Etc.” == Hi Iacobus! You might be interested in {{Fn|*Etc}} and {{Fn|*etc}}, which support the declension of “cetera” when you hover above them with your mouse: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{*Etc}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><abbr title="“Et cetera”">Etc.</abbr></syntaxhighlight> *:: ↳ {{*Etc}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{*Etc|gen}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><abbr title="“Et ceterorum”">Etc.</abbr></syntaxhighlight> *:: ↳ {{*Etc|gen}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{*etc}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><abbr title="“Et cetera”">etc.</abbr></syntaxhighlight> *:: ↳ {{*etc}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{*etc|gen}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><abbr title="“Et ceterorum”">etc.</abbr></syntaxhighlight> *:: ↳ {{*etc|gen}} More information at the documentation pages of these two templates. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:44, 27 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) == Edita == One way or another quite a lot of English had got into the first paragraph at [[Petrus Lellouche]] ... it might have appeared almost imperialistic :) So I reduced it, taking out the hidden text in English, removing a couple of less-pertinent "Creanda" templates, and making the other such templates generally point at the more-relevant French wiki articles. I thought you wouldn't mind. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:32, 29 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :Yes, that's fine. The author looks French. A bit cheeky though, claiming he was reverting my edits to the true norms of Vicipaedia! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:36, 29 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) ::... and reverting mine as well. I fear he may have learned the true norms from Google Translate (''vel sim.'') [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:44, 29 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :::LOL. I hadnn't noticed that. Maybe he'd like to give our other longtime editors a try. :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:55, 29 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) == Corrections to my addition == Hello! I noticed you made some corrections to my edit on [[Statistica#Historia statisticae]], and, well... I'm afraid I do have some doubts about it. I hope we can clear all of them. * You edited the first sentence to "[[Vocabulum]] ''statistica'' primum a [[Hermannus Conringius|Hermanno Conringio]] res quaedam appellata est". Shouldn't the word ''vocabulum'' be in the ablative? I mean, maybe there is some attested example contradicting me, but that construction sounds suspiciously English-influenced. ::Not if it's the subject or an appositive of the subject. 'The word ''statistica'' was first called a certain thing by H,C.' ~ 'A certain thing was first called ''statistica'' by H.C.' (in which case, ''vocabulum'' should be cut). I may have misread this, intending to say ''Vocabulum'' statistica'' primum a H.C. rei cuidam adhibita est'' ('The word ''statistica'' was first applied to a certain thing by H.C.') but then got distracted. Maybe rethink the syntax? :::I mean, I precisely didn't think that it is correct to treat the "word" as the appositive of the subject, but I gotta say, I like the formulation with ''adhibeo'' much better. I think we should settle on this one. * You marked the word "magistratio" as unclear; my dictionary, a Castiglioni-Mariotti, translates it as ''teaching'', which I found appropriate. What was your reasoning? ::It's not in Cassell's, which, for 'a teaching', gives ''doctrina, disciplina, eruditio, institutio, praecepta.'' :::I see. The attestation seems to be this line of the Codex Theodosianus: ''Universos, qui usurpantes sibi nomina magistrorum in publicis magistrationibus cellulisque collectos undecumque discipulos circumferre consuerunt'', and it seems to exactly mean teaching; however, it for sure is hardly classical, being written in the 5th century. If we'd rather go for a Classical word maybe ''institutio'' or ''eruditio'' fit - they're both attested in Cicero. * Next: "quo verbo magistrationem universitariam 'scientiam politicam' significavit". I didn't mean to say that political science was the name or focus of his course; in fact, my source says that nowhere. I wanted to say the subject of the course was political science ''with a particular focus'' on the most important things about a state. So, something like "which is what he called a political science course focused on all things that were most noteworthy about a state", ''(hence "statistics''). ::Maybe. No time to check. Feel free to redo it! :::Agreed! * "Septemdecimi" was indeed a mistake on my part. However, did you write "saecul''i'' sept''e''m''o'' decim''o''" on purpose? Shouldn't it be all an ablative? I myself chose a genitive at first to mean that Petty and Graunt belonged to the 17th century, though you're probably right an ablative fits better. ::Should be ''saeculo septimo decimo'' 'in the seventeenth century'. :::Gonna correct this. * "et pertinebant ad indagandam rationem empiricam hominum consociationum ac [[demographia]]e. Cum vero ratione novae non essent inventae". I'm sorry but this should be reverted because the meaning is completely changed. I didn't want to say they investigated the ''empirical laws of sociology and demography", but that they investigated sociology and demography '''with the empirical method''', which was the real innovation. (Also, I suppose you mistyped "rationes", correct?) ::This 'with/by the empirical method' could be the bare ablative or perhaps ''per rationem empiricam'' or as actually used by Celsius: ''in usu tantum et experimentis positus'' (says Cassell's). :::I prefer the bare ablative, I gotta say. I think I see a divergence in that you're much keener on preferring Classical words. Is there any agreed upon guideline on this? * You seem to have substituted all instance of "methodos" with "ratio". Though I'd say the word fits indeed, was there a particular reason you found "methodos" to be unapt? ::It's not in Cassell's, which, for 'method', gives ''ratio, via, modus, ars.'' :::I see, however it is indeed a word, attested even as early as Vitruvius. See De Architectura, 1-1-4: ''difficilesque symmetriarum quaestiones geometricis rationibus et methodis inveniuntur''. * Is there a reason you pluralised "studi" to "studiorum"? The "quorum omnium" in the penultimate sentence was meant torefer to the ''mathematicians'', it isn't an adjective of "studi". ::''Studi'' isn't a word, so I was puzzled, and puzzlement is a dangerous state before the morning's coffee has kicked in. :::^{(Bruh, you should have some coffee in your sleep just so you're ready once you open Vicipaedia)} How is it not though? Genitive singular of ''studium'', with contraction of the -ii ending. * Finally, is there a reason you edited "vigesimo" to "vicensimo"? Again, my dictionary marks both as attested. ::''Vice(n)simus'' is the ''preferred'' form in Cassell's and Allen & Greenough and Traupman, the ''only'' form in Gildersleeve, and the ''prevailing'' form in Vicipaedia. Many of the extant examples of ''vigesimus'' here come from the keyboard of a single editor, long absent. :::I see, I will conform! And that's all, vale! [[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 22:44, 29 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) ::It's a useful additon, and please add more! Another 1500 octeti or so will gain us a point for this article on the list of the 10,000 most important topics at Meta! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:56, 30 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :::Wish I could but unfortunately the book I used as the source (an introductory stats textbook I bought four years ago) doesn't say a lot more :( I mean, I could try being more verbose, but there's no need - I have plenty of books in my pipeline ready to be poured into Vicipaedia and that'll get us a ''ton'' of octeti. --[[Usor:Toadino2|<span style="color:grey">''Toadino2''</span><span style="color:red">''日本''</span>]] [[Disputatio usoris:Toadino2|<span style="color:green">Velisne</span><span style="color:grey"> theam</span><span style="color:red">fungi sapore?</span>]] 16:33, 30 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :::Interesting discussion. Would you allow me to add a comment, Iacobe? Cassell's, though evidently a very good and very handy guide, is not all-sufficient. Lewis & Short, among the sources available at [https://logeion.uchicago.edu/ Logeion], is useful for giving contexts (or at least precise citations): we sometimes need those if only to check whether the 19th century English of both dictionaries really corresponds to the meaning and nuance we need. :::I'm skimming Procopius's ''Wars''. Yesterday I noticed a footnote in the Loeb edition: describing a stony defensive mound, Procopius cites a Latin term, ''agesta'', which the Loeb editor Dewing explains with the real Latin "agger". I don't believe it, that's not close enough, I said to myself. So, remembering "suggestus", I looked at Logeion and found that there really was a Latin "aggestus", with variant "aggestum" cited from the easterner Ammianus Marcellinus. If Procopius heard the plural of the latter, in 6th century pronunciation in which double consonants would have been lost, "agesta" would be what he heard. Entirely irrelevant to my real purpose, I'm afraid, and also to yours, {{Ping|Toadino2}} and Iacobe, except to ask: are "aggestus" and "aggestum" both in Cassell's? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:49, 30 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) ::::A compelling conjecture, but none of your suggested spellings is in Cassell's—which is what we'd expect, since Cassell's was compiled to help English-speaking students "in the writing of Latin prose in the manner of Cicero, Caesar[,] or Livy" (preface, p. vii), and Ammianus Marcellinus & Procopius represent eras & writing styles popular centuries later. I didn't need to check whether ''magistratio'' is in Cassell's, since the word just doesn't "look right" for prose of the Golden Age (in fact, it's not there). Your comments are always welcome! Well, ''almost'' always. :) No time for more at the moment. Later! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:00, 30 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) :::::Quite true, Iacobe, Cassell's has a job to do. This responds to a question just raised above by {{Ping|Toadino2}}: yes, we have a guideline, and yes, we prefer classical vocabulary and style wherever possible. (For things and ideas that had not been conceived in the classical period, we may well look beyond: to scientific Latin for example.) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 21:18, 30 Ianuarii 2024 (UTC) == Ancient Greek Wikipedia approval == Hi! I am sorry to bother you but I was wondering whether you could possibly sign [https://www.change.org/p/authorize-the-classical-greek-wikipedia?utm_medium=custom_url&utm_source=share_petition&recruited_by_id=69320297-a0f9-489c-a5ab-766152726b18 this] petition in order to get the Wikipedia in Ancient Greek approved and also vote [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/grc/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82 here]. Thank you so much for your help. --[[Usor:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jon Gua|disputatio]]) 11:10, 19 Februarii 2024 (UTC) == The middle of Lake Como == Hi, Iacobe. I'm thinking of saving your time here ... A quicker way with [[Centrum Lacus Comensis|this page]] might have been to mark it <nowiki>{{Latinitas|-6}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{Latinitas|-7}}</nowiki>, either of which, with all those errors, it surely deserves. It then gets deleted after a week or so. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:55, 26 Martii 2024 (UTC) :Again, I don't want the Genshin to waste your time. If they (or anyone) should add an alternative lemma without a source, I will delete it, as I have done at Corea and at the Chinese two-state article, and I suggest you do the same :) [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:31, 5 Aprilis 2024 (UTC) ::No problem. Delete away! Sometimes when I'm editing early in the day, it doesn't matter what the subject is, as I may be only half-awake, waiting for the morning's caffeine to kick in! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 17:44, 5 Aprilis 2024 (UTC) :::The strange thing is, everything you do, whether in the matutinal mental state that you describe or post-caffeine or post-prandial or after a very good dinner, suits Vicipaedia perfectly. Don't stop! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:04, 5 Aprilis 2024 (UTC) ::::LOL. One doesn't plan to stop, but life can intervene. The past year or so, after more than a year of creating a new page every day from the list of 10,000 most important articles, I've mostly refrained from creating new pages, but I have a list of lives that I'd like to write. Maybe someday! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 5 Aprilis 2024 (UTC) == Itteras scholae == In {{Diff||3726726}}, quid significat "itteras"? Num vocabulum Latinum est? Fortasse nonne vis "litteras" scribere? Ego usor igontus emendare non possum, ergo quaeso emenda. [[Specialis:Conlationes/184.146.170.127|184.146.170.127]] 22:44, 15 Iunii 2024 (UTC) :Care usor "igonte": dictum factum. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 10:58, 16 Iunii 2024 (UTC) == Custos paginarum nuper mutatarum == {| style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #ffa500; background-color: #fdffe7; margin: 1em auto 1.5em auto; border-radius: .75em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);" |- | style="padding: .25em .5em .25em 1em; box-sizing: content-box; text-align: center; width: 100px;" | [[Imago:Oversighter Barnstar.svg|100x150px|center|Custos Paginarum Nuper Mutatarum]] | style="padding: .25em 1em .25em .5em;" | <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ffa500; padding: 0 0 .25em 0; font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;">Custos Paginarum Nuper Mutatarum – IacobusAmor</div> ''Haec stella Vicipaedianos protegit qui [[Specialis:Nuper mutata|paginas nuper mutatas]] tuentur et custodiunt.'' --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 7 Octobris 2024 (UTC) |} Gratias tibi ago, Iacobe, quia paginas nuper mutatas semper inspicis. Hanc [[Vicipaedia:Gratulatio|gratulationem]] a me accipe. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 7 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Alexander Reis == Salve Iacobe, Commentationem “[[Alexander Reis]]” meliorem fecisti, attamen pagina videtur e spam InterViciali oriri et verisimiliter delenda est. Si dissentis, scribe sententiam tuam in [[Disputatio:Alexander Reis|pagina disputationis]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:10, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Fier article == @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] Hi IacobusAmor! I have created the article for the city of Fier in Albania and I used its correct name in Latin found in sources on the internet, one in an archive article, and the other in a book formatted as PDF. But I have used a translator to translate the content from English to Latin, so I would ask you can you view the original content I used in English, on this link on Dropbox: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/9295rfp91fye2j01vgcia/fier_english_to_latin.docx?rlkey=s54bxvksod1mn59h76i64gvo8&st=hkl2n1bi&dl=0 and write it correctly in Latin on the article for Fier, so the article will be correct in Latin. Thanks [[Usor:LevaneNevale|LevaneNevale]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:LevaneNevale|disputatio]]) 18:27, 20 Novembris 2024 (UTC) == Mandatum ''Implementation''? == Salve. Gratias ago pro emendatis a te in commentatione [[PHP]], et si quae emendabis. Modo certissimum fieri volo, an consilio vocabulo "mandatum" pro Anglico ''implementation'' (nota, non ''instruction'') utaris. [[Usor:Arbarulo|Arbarulo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Arbarulo|disputatio]]) 18:53, 5 Decembris 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:24, 26 Ianuarii 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Sorry == My mistake, I accidentaly pressed rollback. However, you added a link there that is actively cross-wiki spammed, and seen the behaviour and precedent elsewhere may end up on the global spam blacklist. Again, my apologies for the revert. [[Usor:Beetstra|Beetstra]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Beetstra|disputatio]]) 14:50, 26 Ianuarii 2025 (UTC) :OK. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 14:58, 26 Ianuarii 2025 (UTC) == Disputatio duarum rerum == Salve Iacobe, concede mihi, ut duas res exprimerem, quae me premunt: 1) Diebus ultimis mihi idea venit, ut paginas dierum, quas corrigo, singula imagine ad eventum primum paginis pertinentem ornarem. Ideo, mihi videtur, paginae "visum singularem" accipient. Oculis meis locatio ad sinistram, immediate iuxta eventum correspondentem, magis placet quam in angulum sub calendarium. (Confer [[6 Aprilis]] vel [[7 Aprilis]]!) 2) Inscriptiones imaginum tu semper puncto concludis. Si bene memini, olim decretum est, ut solas sententias completas, non alia verba vel gregem verborum puncto concluderemus. Sed proelia editoria in paginis a me redactis evitare volo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:37, 6 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin == @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] Hi dear IacobusAmor! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi ,(Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 16:29, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De anno et tempore in nova formula {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} == Hi Iacobus! The {{Fn|Opus}} template is still experimental, but I made it automatically create internal links to the dates specified. And so when you see in a page <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Opus ... | annus = 1687 ... }}</syntaxhighlight> there is no need that [[Specialis:Diff/3886645/3886672|you surround the year in square brackets]], because the template will do it for you! {{tpe|En passant}} I would be happy if you had suggestions/improvements concerning the output format chosen by the {{Fn|Opus}} template! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:54, 23 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == Request for translation == Hello! I was looking over your 100wikidays and I am nothing short of impressed. I am wondering if you also do translations (?) Here is the Main metapage of my community: [[:m:PPC|Pilipinas_Panorama_Community]]. I would be so honored to have Latin among our translated languages. Sincerely, [[User:Buszmail|Buszmail]] 15:59, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC) == Roberti Badinter Paginae Recensus == Ave ! Legisti Roberti Badinter paginam, quam scripsi. Quamquam latinis graecisque litteris studeo, haud dudum incepi scribere in vicipaedia. Non optimus sum. Tibi gratias ago pro recensibus tuis. Addidi informationes a franca pagina. Estne melius ? Quid significat "2 [[Vicipaedia:Latinitas|Latinitas]]" ? Nunc, meretne iterum "2 [[Vicipaedia:Latinitas|Latinitas]]" ? [[Robertus Badinter]] Tibi gratias ago pro responso tuo. Vale ! :-) [[Usor:Tomtom121123|Tomtom121123]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tomtom121123|disputatio]]) 17:17, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC) == De formulis variadicis == Salve, Iacobe. Titulum [[Specialis:Diff/3907336/3907352|tuae recensionis vacuae]] vidi (‘Quid significat "variadica"?’). Adiectivum est neologismus mathematicus, qui, exemplaria “{{wikten|monadicus}} {{pna|a|um}}”, “[[:en:p-adic number|p-adicus]] {{pna|a|um}}” et cetera imitans, functiones indicat quae numerum varium argumentorum accipiunt. Et similes sunt nostrae formulae vicitextuales variadicae. Exempli gratia, formula {{Fn|ISBN}} est variadica, quia numerum varium argumentorum accipit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{ISBN|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1|978-1-4133-0454-1}} * Et cetera --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:46, 17 Augusti 2025 (UTC) == Schola evangelica (Smyrna) == Hello, IacobusAmor. Please correct the [[Schola evangelica (Smyrna)]] article. The school was not destroyed or even damaged in 1922. The building is intact. The Greek school closed after the flight of all Greeks from Izmir in 1922. It was reopened as a Turkish school in 1924 called ([[:en:Namık Kemal High School]]/[[:tr:Namık Kemal Lisesi (İzmir)]]. Please correct the article and rewrite the ultimate fate of this school. Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/&#126;2025-67140-0|&#126;2025-67140-0]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&#126;2025-67140-0|talk]]) 13:34, 21 Septembris 2025 (UTC) :OK? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 20:00, 21 Septembris 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&#126;2025-69019-8|&#126;2025-69019-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&#126;2025-69019-8|talk]]) 10:21, 22 Septembris 2025 (UTC) == Paulus Papa VI == Iacobe, quid est [[Paulus Papa VI|haec pagina]]? Possumne delere? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:18, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC) :??? Paulus VI (ut vulgo appellatur) fuit dux Ecclesiae Catholicae ab anno 1963 ad annum 1978. Eius plena nominis forma Latina more ecclesiastico est ''Paulus Papa VI,'' vel etiam ''Paulus Pater Patrum VI,'' saepe ''Paulus PP. VI'' scripta; similiter pro cardinalibus, ut cum Leo Papa XIV esset ''[[Leo XIV|Robertus Franciscus Cardinalis Prevost]].'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:39, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC) :: Quaerebam quia redirectio erat male scripta. Nunc [[Specialis:Diff/3926286/3926319|correxi]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:42, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC) == De formula {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} == Salve Iacobe. Hoc nuntium iam in [[Special:PermanentLink/3944826|summario meae ultimae recensionis]] scripsi, sed hic augere volo cum exemplis. Formula {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} categorias vestigatorias menstruas sine limite auget—e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2026]]—idcirco adhibenda est tantummodo in paginis vero augendis. Si pagina fontibus caret, formulam {{[[Formula:Pagina fontibus carens|Pagina fontibus carens]]}} inserere potes: '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Fontibus carens}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Fontibus carens|propositum=exhibitio}} Si formula de quodam vitio peculiari caremus, formula generalis est <code>{{[[Formula:Facienda|Facienda]]|Monitus 1|Monitus 2|...|Monitus N}}</code>. E.g. '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Facienda | Malus titulus corrigendus est | Pagina in plures paragraphos dividenda est | Nomina hominum sunt latinizanda | Et cetera }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Facienda|propositum=exhibitio | Malus titulus corrigendus est | Pagina in plures paragraphos dividenda est | Nomina hominum sunt latinizanda | Et cetera }} [[Vicipaedia:Index formularum]], [[:Categoria:Formulae de rebus corrigendis]] et [[:Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque]] alias formulas similes numerant. Si putas nos quandam formulam carere, a me petere potes ut creem. Spero hoc utile fore. Vale! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:45, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) == Ignosce mihi == Forgive me, Iacobe, [[Specialis:Diff/3946267/3946272|here]] and [[Specialis:Diff/3946269/3946273|here]] I though you had added those warnings to our new “Adumbratio” namespace, but I realized only afterwards that when you added these templates they were still in the main namespace. My bad. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 4 Martii 2026 (UTC) :No problem. Carry on! Excelsior! :) [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:36, 4 Martii 2026 (UTC) == “Haec” vel “quae” == Modificationem tuam vidi paginae de [[Adumbratio:Ascalon|Ascalone]], et quaestionem habeo. Quando bonum est vocabulum “haec” uti, et quando “quae”? Tiro sum, multa igitur mihi discenda. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 18:52, 14 Martii 2026 (UTC) == dubsig in pagina de Ascalone == Salve Iacobe! Animadverto hanc formulam in sectione quae vocatur “Parcus Nationalis Ascalonis” te addidisse. In ea sectione scribere volui de loco qui Anglice [[w:en:Ashkelon National Park|“Ashkelon National Park”]] vocatur. Vale! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:05, 12 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :[[Saeptum Nationale Ascalonense]]? [[Hortus Nationalis Ascalonensis]]? (Quid est ''parcus,'' res cui aliquis pepercit?) Vide "[[Saeptum nationale]]" et eius disputationem. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 19:42, 12 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Correxi. Gratis tibi ago! Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:08, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Macte! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:00, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Castellum Poseidon == Non video quid huic articulo deficiat. Existimo eum perfecte exigit Wikipediae. Si consentis, potesne tollere observationem negativam? Gratias antehac.[[Usor:Andries Van den Abeele|Andries Van den Abeele]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andries Van den Abeele|disputatio]]) 16:36, 30 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == Castellum Poseidon == Non video quid huic articulo deficiat. Existimo eum perfecte exigit Wikipediae. Si consentis, potesne tollere observationem negativam? Gratias antehac. [[Usor:Andries Van den Abeele|Andries Van den Abeele]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andries Van den Abeele|disputatio]]) 16:37, 30 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ==[[Keiko Fujimori]] prose: "It is the first time that" vs "The first( women, etc) who" == I hope that you are aware of this phrase "It is the first time" as it(better prose) expressed in Latin as "[[https://logeion.uchicago.edu/primum Primum]]"? This is in contrast to the same frequently being expressed as "the first to" as "primum/prima mulier quae (praeses etc)". If you strongly prefer the latter then I'd like to know. I would prefer the former. Thanks for looking into this in advance.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 04:02, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC) == Carolus: Cur titulus italicus? == {{Et alibi | {{safesubst:Caduca deinde perennia|Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 36|ad=2027-01-01 00:00:00|proscenium={{Recensio vacua exspectatur}}}}#Paginae de praenominibus: lemmata typis italicis necne? }} Salve, Iacobe! Cur titulum paginae “[[Carolus]]” [[Specialis:Diff/3981603/3981656|fecisti]] italicum? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:20, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :In linguistics & general writing (at least in English), styleguides italicize words cited as words: ::[[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolus III]] est [[Britanniarum Regnum|Rex Britanniarum]], et eius nomen Latinum est ''Carolus.'' ::[[Leo XIV]] est [[Episcopus Romanus]], sed eius nomen familiare est ''Robertus.'' :Carolus et Leo sunt homines in orbe [[realitas|reali]] habitantes; ''Carolus'' autem et ''Leo'' sunt eorum nomina (quae neque videri neque tangi possunt). Confer etiam hoc lemma: '''Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozartus''' (nomine baptizatus ''Ioanne Chrysostomo Wolfgango Theophilo Mozarto''), usw. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 01:03, 17 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :: Intellego. Nescio tamen quid nobis hac de re faciendum sit. Nomina apud Vicipaediam Anglicam et alibi non scribuntur typis italicis (e.g. [[:en:Martin (name)]]), sed nobis prorsus licet aliam regulam nostram statuere. Attamen, si hanc conventionem adoptamus, oportebit eam ubique adhibere, atque multae paginae emendandae erunt. Fortasse de hac re in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna]] disputandum est. P.S. Formula {{Fn|ores}} (i.e. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><dfn><cite>...</cite></dfn></syntaxhighlight>) in paginis de operibus adhibetur; si titulus alia ratione typis italicis ostenditur, tum formula {{Fn|ires}} (i.e. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><dfn>...</dfn></syntaxhighlight>) adhibenda est. Vale! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:27, 17 Augusti 2026 (UTC) == De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|Creanda]]}} == Salve, Iacobe. Video te hactenus formulā <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda}}</syntaxhighlight> [[Specialis:Diff/3986981/3987086|uti]]. Quum {{Fsn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} potentior sit et in posterum onus nostrum minuat, conor novas transclusiones illius veteris formulae vitare; ergo, si potes, posthac, quaeso, scribe <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:Creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> loco <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> (exempli gratia, scribe <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:Creanda|en|Zeno's paradoxes|Paradoxa Zenonis}}</syntaxhighlight> loco <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Zeno's paradoxes|Paradoxa Zenonis}}</syntaxhighlight>). Vale! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:59, 10 Septembris 2026 (UTC) 1n58iqvnlqoy8zrmsy8jgpjgogb9s7d 0 14110 3987246 3879888 2026-09-10T23:50:09Z LilyKitty 18316 eventa addo 3987246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Septembris}} '''9 Septembris''' dies 252ª anni est (253ª in [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|Calendario Gregoriano]]. 113 dies manent. Secundum [[Calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem quintum Idus Septembres'', quae a.d. V Id. Sept. [[abbreviatio|abbreviatur]]. == Eventa == === Saeculo 4 === * [[337]] - [[Constantinus II]], [[Constantius II]] et [[Constans]] [[Imperatores Romani]] facti sunt: patri [[Constantinus I|Constantino I]] in imperio succedunt. * [[384]] - [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]], [[Index Imperatorum Romanorum|imperator Romanus]] ab anno [[395]] ad mortem; mortuus est anno [[423]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1830]] - [[Carolus II (Dux Brunsvici)|Carolus II]], Dux [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvici]], se abdicavit. [[Gulielmus (Dux Brunsvici)|Gulielmus]] frater ei successit. * [[1850]] - Accessio [[California]]e in [[CFA|Civitates Foederatae Americae]]. * [[1885]] - [[Forum Arminianum]] nomen accipit quem nunc habet. * [[1886]] - [[Pactio Bernae de protectione operorum litterariorum et artificorum]] decreta est. * [[1892]] - [[Amalthea (satelles)|Amarthea]], [[satelles]] Iovis inventa est. * [[1899]] - [[Brassaï]] (nomine proprio ''Gyula Halász''), [[photographus]] [[Francia|Francogallicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1984]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1944]] - Seditione communistarum [[Constantinus Muraviev]] primus minister et consilium ministrorum [[Bulgaria]]e depositi sunt. [[Cimon Georgiev]] eius successor nominatus est. * [[1991]] - [[Tadzikistania]] suam [[independentia]]m ex Unione Sovietica declaravit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2007]] - [[Praemia Videomusicarum Anni 2007 in MTV]] in deversorio Palms in Las Vegas tradita sunt. * [[2015]] - Regia [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)|Elizabetha II]] veterissima regia in historia [[Britannia]]e facta est. * [[2016]] - [[Corea Septemtrionalis]] experimentum [[arma nuclearia|nuclealem]] facta est. * [[2026]] - Ritus [[funus (ritus)|funerationis]] [[Haraldus V (rex Norvegiae)|Haraldi V]], regis Norvegiae factus est. == Natales == === Saeculo 3 === * [[214]] - [[Aurelianus]], imperator Romanus; mortuus est anno [[275]] === Saeculo 4 === * [[384]] - [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorius]], imperator Romanus; mortuus est anno [[423]]. === Saeculo 16 === * [[1585]] - [[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus de Richelieu]], clericus, nobilis et vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1642]]. === Saeculo 17 === * [[1626]] - [[Iosua Arndius]], theologus Germanicus [[Protestantes|Protestans]], historicus et poeta canticorum ecclesiasticorum; mortuus est anno [[1687]]. === Saeculo 18 === * [[1737]] - [[Aloisius Galvanus]], [[physicus]] (mortuus [[1798]]); * [[1769]] - [[Ioannes Kotljarevs'kyj]], [[scriptor]] et [[poeta]] [[Ucraina|Ucrainicus]] (mortuus [[1838]]). * [[1788]] - [[Clemens Brentano]], poeta [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1842]]. * [[1798]] - [[Iosephus Anselmus Feuerbach]], sermonum antiquorum [[philologus]] et [[archaeologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1851]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1822]] - [[Napoleo Iosephus Carolus Paulus Bonaparte]], dux militum atque vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1891]]. * [[1828]] - [[Leo Tolstoj]], [[scriptor]] [[Russia|Russicus]] (mortuus [[1910]]). * [[1841]] - [[Paulus Eyschen]], primus minister [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgi]]; mortuus est anno [[1915]]. * [[1855]] - [[Houston Stewart Chamberlain]], scriptor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannico]]-[[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1927]]. * [[1868]] - [[Maria Hunter Austin]], [[scriptor|scriptrix]] [[CFA|Americana]], mortua est anno [[1934]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1908]] - [[Caesar Pavese]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1950]]. * [[1911]] - [[Ioannes Gorton]], primus minister [[Australia]]e; mortuus est anno [[2002]]. * [[1918]] ** [[Anscharius Aloisius Scalfarus]], [[praeses]] rei publicae [[Italia]]e ab anno [[1992]] usque ad annum [[1999]]; mortuus est anno [[2012]]. ** [[Boris Zachoder]], poeta [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus [[2000]]). * [[1922]] **[[Ioannes G. Dehmelt]], physicus [[CFA|Americanus]] origine [[Germania]]e; mortuus est anno [[2017]]. **[[Varvicus Kerr]], agricola, entomologista, geneticus, et professor [[Brasilia]]nus. * [[1923]] - [[D. Carleton Gajdusek]], medicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2008]]. * [[1934]] - [[Nicolaus Liverpool]], praeses [[Dominica]]e; mortuus est anno [[2015]]. * [[1939]] - [[Reuben Rivlin]], praeses [[Israel]]is. * [[1949]] - [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]], praeses [[Indonesia]]e. * [[1958]] - [[Mona Pivniceru]], iudex et rerum politicarum perita [[Romania|Dacoromanica]]. * [[1960]] - [[Hugo Grant]], histrio [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]]. * [[1963]] - [[Robertus Donadoni]], pedilusor [[Italia|Italicus]]. * [[1968]] - [[Shahbaz Bhatti]], rerum politicarum peritus et minister [[Pakistania|Pakistanus]]; necatus est anno [[2011]]. * [[1969]] - [[Rachel Hunter]], ostentatrix et [[actor|actrix]] [[Nova Zelandia|Novae Zelandiae]]. * [[1975]] - [[Michael Bublé]], cantor [[Canada|Canadicus]]. * [[1985]] - [[Lucas Modrić]], pedilusor [[Croatia|Croaticus]]. == Mortui == === Saeculo 11 === * [[1087]] - [[Gulielmus I (rex Angliae)|Gulielmus I]], rex [[Anglia]]e et dux [[Normannia]]e; natus est anno [[1028]]. === Saeculo 13 === * [[1276]] - [[Guido Guinizelli]], [[poeta]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est circa annum [[1230]]. === Saeculo 16 === * [[1513]] - [[Iacobus IV (rex Scotiae)|Iacobus IV]], rex [[Scotia]]e; natus est anno [[1473]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1898]] - [[Stephanus Mallarmé]], [[poeta]] [[Francia|Francicus]] (natus [[1842]]). === Saeculo 20 === * [[1940]] - [[Antonius Peschka]], [[pictor]] [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1885]]. * [[1942]] - [[Alfredus Gudeman]], sermonum antiquorum [[philologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] et [[CFA|Americanus]], necatus est a [[NSDAP|Nazistis]], natus est anno [[1862]]. * [[1951]] - [[Adamus Remmele]], vir publicus [[Germania]]e et sodalis factionis [[SPD]]; natus est anno [[1877]]. * [[1976]] - [[Mao Zedong]], praeses [[Respublica Populi Sinarum|Rei publicae Sinarum]]; natus est anno [[1893]]. * [[1998]] - [[Lucius Battisti]], cantor [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus anno [[1943]]. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2001]] - [[Ahmed Shah Massud]], dux Foederis septentrionalis [[Afghania]]e; natus est anno [[1953]]. * [[2003]] - [[Eduardus Teller]], [[physicus]] [[Hungaria|Hungaro]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1908]]. * [[2013]] - [[Albertus Bevilacqua]], scriptor, poeta et diurnarius [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1934]]. == Festa et Feriae == * Dies libertatis ([[Tadzikistania]]) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] refa1n76eg4kqez6kifiyj3a3fdm1rq 0 15108 3987261 3970919 2026-09-11T08:26:38Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} '''Salvatoria'''<ref name="El Salvador">{{LLHL24 geo|El Salvador|89}}: "El Salvador, n. ''Salvatoria, ae, f. . . . Salvatorianus . . . Salvatoriensis'' [GEO]."</ref> ([[Hispanice]] ''El Salvador''), rite '''Res Publica Salvatoria''' ([[Hispanice]] ''República de El Salvador'') est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[America Centralis|America Media]] sita. Ad [[septentrio]]nes et [[occidens|occidentem]] [[Guatimala]]e, ad septentriones et [[oriens|orientem]] [[Honduria]]e finitima est, et ad [[meridies|meridiem]] [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] alluitur. Ad meridiem et orientem a [[Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] [[Sinus Fonseca|Sinu Fonseca]]<ref name="Fonseca">Confer [[binomen]] "Trinectes fonsecensis".</ref> ([[Hispanice]] ''Golfo de Fonseca'') disiungitur. Minima [[civitas]] in extensione, sed maxima in [[spissitudo incolarum|spissitudine incolarum]] in America Media est. Salvatoria [[libertas|libertatem]] ab [[Hispania]] anno [[1821]] adepta est. Annis ab [[1823]] ad [[1838]] ad [[Res Publica Foederalis Mediae Americae|Rem Publicam Foederalem Mediae Americae]] pertinuit. Annis a [[1980]] ad [[1992]], locus fuit [[bellum civile Salvatorianum|belli civilis Salvatoriani]] inter gubernii copias militares et rebelles [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontis Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] (Hispanice ''Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional'' et siglis ''FMLN'') copias; quo confecto, huius civitatis pacandae et [[democratia|democratizandae]] rationes coeperunt. [[Oeconomia|Oeconomica]] structura diu fundata est plerumque florente in [[agricultura]] plantationis ([[coffea]]e, [[gossypium (genus)|gossypii]], [[saccharum officinarum|sacchari]]), plerisque [[ager|agris]] in paucorum latifundiorum possessorum manus collatis. Nuperrime, [[industrializatio]]nis et oeconomicae diversificationis rationes acciderunt. Die [[7 Septembris]] anni [[2021]], prima civitas in [[orbis terrarum|toto orbe terrarum]] quae [[bitinummus|bitinummum]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani">Petri Lucusaltiani Latinophili ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''.</ref> [[moneta (pecunia)|monetam legitimam]], iuxta cum [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|dollario Civitatum Foederatarum]], asciverat facta est.<ref>''[https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/bitcoin-diventa-valuta-legale-el-salvador-0ac968fb-cbf0-40a1-ba3e-f817b1ab41f5.html El Salvador, bitcoin diventa valuta legale]'' ([[Italice]]), in ''rainews.it'', die 7 Septembris anni 2021. Inspectum URL die 3 Februarii anni 2023.</ref> ==Etymologia== [[Conquisitatores Hispani|Conquisitator]] [[Petrus de Alvarado]] novam provinciam ex [[Iesus|Iesu Christo]] ''San Salvador'' (scilicet "Sanctus Salvator") nuncupavit. Huius territorii nomen, provinciam [[Praefectura Sancti Michaelis|Sancti Michaëlis]]<ref name="Michaelis">Vide ''Diocese of San Miguel'' in [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnmi.html www.catholic-hierarchy.org].</ref> (Hispanice ''San Miguel'') includens, ad ''Provincia de Nuestro Señor Jesús Cristo, El Salvador del Mundo'' (scilicet "Provincia Nostri Domini Iesū Christi, Salvatoris Mundi") deinde amplificata est, cuius nomen ''República de El Salvador'' seu ''Salvador'' Hispanice per tempus post Rem publicam Foederalem breviatum est; et, denique, nuncupatum Hispanice est ''El Salvador''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203357/http://www.cultura.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/El-nombre-de-El-Salvador.pdf El nombre oficial de la República de El Salvador] (PDF Hispanice). Gubernium Rei publicae Salvatoriae. anno 2015. ISBN 978-99923-0-274-3. Archivatum e primigenio (PDF) die 11 Novembris 2020. Inspectum URL de 3 Februarii anni 2023.</ref> Ex hoc [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] vocabulo venit [[lingua latina|Latinum]] nomen "Salvatoria"<ref name="El Salvador"/> ==Historia== ===Origo et colonizatio=== [[Fasciculus:Pedro de Alvarado (Tomás Povedano).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Conquisitatores Hispani|Conquisitator Hispanus]] [[Petrus de Alvarado]].]] [[America praecolumbiana|Praecolumbiano]] in aevo, haec natio primum a [[Mayae|Mayis]], deinde a [[Pipil]]ibus -Toltecā<ref name="Tolteca">Confer binomen "Procambarus-toltecae".</ref> populo- inhabitata est. Qui ultimi circa anno [[1000]] hac in areā consederunt et [[Senioraticum de Cuzcatlan|Cuzcatlan]]<ref name="Cuzcatlan">Vide ''[http://www.cassiciaco.it/navigazione/monachesimo/historia_ordinis/storiografi/crusenio/092_addita.html XCII DE COENOBIIS ORD. EREM. S. P. AUGUSTINI AB AN. 1550 AD AN. 1620, QUO EXPLICIT CRUSENII MONASTICON]'' in sitū interretiali ''cassiciaco.it'' ubi dicitur "Conventus de Cuzcatlan, alias de Chilguatla, postea S. Salvatoris, in Nova Hispania extabat an. 1602".</ref><ref name="Soteropolis">Vide quartum lemma [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0354b.html "Soteropolis" in Lexico Universali Hofmann], ubi dicitur "SOTEROPOLIS, urbs Guatimalae, in nova Hispan. ''Cuzcatlan'' incolis, 6. leuc. ab Axacutla, & à littore maris Pacifici in Cæciam, 40. leuc. Hispanic. ab Urbe S. Jacobi de Guatimala in Eurum prope lacum parv".</ref> [[caput (urbs)|caput]] elegerunt. Huius territorii [[Colonizatio Europaea Americarum|colonizatio Europaea]] anno [[1524]] coepit, [[Hispania|Hispanicā]] expeditione a [[Petrus de Alvarado|Petro de Alvarado]] ductā. Qui, e [[Guatimala|Guatimalā]] veniens, Pipiles vicit et eorum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] cepit; frater [[Didacus de Alvarado Huanitzin]] [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbem Sancti Salvatoris]],<ref name="USS1">"[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0427b.html ... urbibus S. Salvatoris, Trinitatis, S. Michaëlis etc.]" in {{Lexfons}}</ref><ref name="USS2">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|stma|Archidioecesis Sancti Salvatoris in America}}</ref> seu [[Soteropolis (Salvatoria)|Soteropolin]],<ref name="Soteropolis"/> praesens civitatis caput, condidit, quam e [[Transfiguratio|Transfiguratione Iesū]] vocavit. ===Saeculum XIX et libertas=== [[Fasciculus:Proclama de libertad (indep. Centroamérica).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pictura de Primi Libertatis Motūs celebratione Soteropoli. Mediā in picturā, [[Iosephus Matthias Delgado]].]] [[Imperium Hispanicum|Hispanicae]] dicioni subactā et administrative obnoxiā [[Archegia Generalis Guatimaliae|Archegiae Generali Guatimaliae]] (Hispanice ''Capitanía General de Guatemala''), anno [[1811]] coeperunt motūs patriotici,<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> a [[Populi creoli|creolis]] parati. [[Guatimala]] libera facta est annis decem postea, annexā Salvatoriā; sed vicissim annexa est a [[Mexicum]] uno anno postea. Quamquam [[Res Publica Foederalis Mediae Americae|Coniunctarum Mediae Americae Provinciarum]] (Hispanice ''Provincias Unidas del Centro de América'') partem fuit, Salvatoria anno [[1841]] [[libertas|libera]] facta est. Exeunte [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], aliquot conatūs rursus [[Media America|Mediae Americae]] unificandae sub supranationalis politicae instituti aegide quod omnes huius zonae nationes coniungeret frustrati sunt; ergo inevitabilis fuit unificatio Mediae Americae. ===Saeculum XX et Bellum Civile=== [[Fasciculus:Busto del general marinez en san matias la libertad.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Res militaris|Generalis]] [[Maximilianus Hernández Martínez|Maximiliani Hernández Martínez]] [[herma]] [[Sanctus Matthias (Libertas)|Sancti Matthiae]] in [[Libertas (praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Libertate]], in Salvatoriā.]] Intestinus politicus status omnino mutavit cum potestas anno [[1931]] a [[Res militaris|generali]] [[Maximilianus Hernández Martínez|Maximiliano Hernández Martínez]] prehensa est, cuius [[dictatura]] [[Potestates Axis|Potestatibus Axis]] favit. Nihilominus, [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] impetus in [[Portus Margaritarum|Portum Margaritarum]] a Salvatoriae cursū deflexit, appropinquato dictatore [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]]. Memorandum est ut anno [[1932]] acciderit Salvadoriensium agricolarum caedes, ''[[La Matanza]]'' nuncupata. Huius generalis dominatus anno [[1939]] vacillare coepit, cum inceptus est industralizationis processus: cuius sociales inaequalitas tumultūsque ut Maximilianus Hernández Martínez politicā de scaenā anno [[1944]] decederet induxerunt. Cui successerunt generalis [[Salvador Castaneda Castro|Salvator Castaneda Castro]] uno anno postea et [[Anscharius Osorio]] anno [[1948]]. Qui ultimus muneri Praesidis Rei Publicae anno [[1950]] electus est; non obstantibus democraticā eius electione et modico eius reformationum programmate, tyrannico modo nationem gessit. Gubernium anno [[1956]] reliquit [[Iosephus Maria Lemus|Iosepho Mariae Lemus]], qui ex officio anno [[1960]] per [[praxicopēma]] amotus est, quod favit formationi consilii militaris.<ref name="DAEL"/> [[Fasciculus:Carlos Humberto Romero President of the Republic of El Salvador. - NARA - 176138 (cropped).tiff|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Res_militaris#Gradus_militares|Generalis]] [[Carolus Humbertus Romero]], ultimus e militaribus praesidibus, anno [[1977]].]] Graves intestinae difficultates semper complicatiores{{dubsig}} durioresque factae sunt ut causaretur novae [[oppositio (civilitas)|adversae]] [[factio politica|factionis]] formatio; cuius candidatus [[Iosephus Napoleo Duarte]] demochristianus<ref name="DAEL">{{DAEL}}</ref> erat. Hic status, iam tunc instabilis periculosusque, decretorie tragicus factus est, habitis anno [[1972]] comitiis, quae in gubernium duxerunt candidatum a militaribus, accurate a [[Res_militaris#Gradus_militares|chiliarcho]] [[Arthurus Armandus Molina|Arthuro Armando Molina]], electum: contra horum comitiorum resultationem{{dubsig}} contestatio ab [[Oppositio (civilitas)|oppositione]] per [[praxicopēma]]tis conatum expressa est, quod ab exercitū deletum cohibitumque est. Annos quinque postea, denuo electus est gubernii candidatus; sed tunc [[Res_militaris#Gradus_militares|generalis]] [[Carolus Humbertus Romero]], cuius creber vis cohibitionisque usus oppositores armatam ad pugnam duxit, qui eum munere Octobre anni [[1979]] motus est aliud per praxicopēmate tunc prosperum. Novum consilium militare<ref name="DAEL"/> mixtum fuit, quoniam a militaribus civilibusque formatum est, apud quos, per concessūs satisdationesque, denique colloquium coepit. Attamen hoc colloquium paucis diebus postea interruptum est, [[Carolus Humbertus Romero|Carolo Humberto Romero]] munere die [[18 Octobris]] privato propter stragem ab exercitū commissam cum ingentem civium reclamantium multitudinem disgregare conatus esset. Cives consilium militare reliquerunt, exceptis nonnullis demochristianis<ref name="DAEL"/>, ab [[Iosephus Napoleo Duarte|Iosepho Napoleone Duarte]] ductum, qui eodem in consilio militari iuxta cum militaribus perrexit. [[Oppositio (civilitas)|Oppositores]] in Frontem Democraticam Seditionariam se congregaverunt, dum Iosephus Napoleo Duarte praesides [[12 Decembris|pridie Idūs Decembres]] anni [[1980]] factus est. Intestinae difficultates graviores factae sunt et praeses auxilium a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] petivit, e quibus adeptus est adiumentum tunc praesidis [[Statunitensis]] [[Ronaldus Reagan|Ronaldi Reagan]], qui [[Guatimalia]]m et [[Honduria]]m commovit ad pugnandum communisticos contra globos. [[Fasciculus:32-0032 Monumento a la Memoria y la Verdad.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Monumentum]] nigro [[marmor]]e sculptum bello civili absumptorum nomina continens.]] Itaque, ineuntibus [[anni 1980|annis 1980]], oppositionis vires armatae contra gubernium rebellaverunt, sic coepit [[Bellum Civile Salvatoriense]]. Anno [[1983]], bellatores clandestini nonnullis in huius nationis locis dominabantur et [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] gubernio militare adiumentum auxerunt. [[Iosephus Napoleo Duarte]], anno [[1984]] praeses electus, pacem cum bellatoribus clandestinis frustra conabatur. Anno [[1988]], praeses vicarius Rodolphus Antonius Castillo Claramount de pace egit in locum Iosephi Napoleonis Duarte, [[Cancer (morbus)|cancrum]] patientis. In [[comitia|comitiis]] anni [[1989]], [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum]] (Hispanice ''Alianza Republicana Nacionalista'', Hispanico acronymo ''ARENA''), extremistica dextra factio, pleraque [[Conventus Legatorum Salvatoriae|Conventūs Legatorum Salvatoriae]] (Hispanice ''Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador'') subsellia adeptum est, cuius princeps, [[Alfredo Cristiani|Alfredus Cristiani Bukard]], Iosepho Napoleoni Duarte praesidis munere successit. Proximo anno, extremisticae sinistrae factionis bellatores clandestini [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontis Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] et gubernium de pace agere coepit, mediantibus [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]], [[Xaverius Pérez de Cuéllar]], secretarius generalis, de pace egit per annum [[1991]], cuius monitūs prospere anno [[1992]] ad effectum perduci coeperunt, quod duodecenne<ref>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duodecennis duodecennis] apud en.wiktionary.</ref> bellum civile finivit quod circa caesorum 75&thinsp;000 steterat. [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] [[factio politica]] facta est. In anni [[1994]] comitiis, Nationum Unitarum observatoribus comitantibus, Rei Publicae praeses electus est dextrae factionis [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum|ARENA]] candidatus [[Armandus Calderón Sol]] arduo cum penso reconstruendae huius civitatis [[oeconomia]]e et belli civilis vulnerum ad cicatricem perducendorum. Martio anni [[1999]], [[Franciscus Flores]], quoque dextrae factionis ARENA candidatus ad praesidis munus, [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontis Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] candidatum [[Facundus Guardado|Facundum Guardado]] vicit, qui princeps bellatoribus clandestinis per [[Bellum Civile Salvatoriense]] inter annos 1979 et [[1992]] praefuerat. [[Franciscus Flores]] quinquennale munus inivit die [[20 Iunii]] anni [[2000]]. ===Saeculum XXI=== [[Fasciculus: Nayib Bukele talks at his inauguration ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Nayib Bukele|Nayibus Bukelis]] in inaugurationis caerimoniā orationem habet.]] Anno [[2001]] haec natio terrae motūs vastantes duos passa est, qui amplius 1200 interfectorum et detrimenta totam per hanc nationem attulit. E bello civili finito, dextera factio [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum]] (Hispanice ''Alianza Republicana Nacionalista'', Hispanico acronymo ''ARENA'') semper omnia comitia vincebat; et anni [[2004]] comitia quoque victa sunt ab eiusdem factionis candidato [[Antonius Saca|Antonio Saca]]. Nihilominus, comitia, die [[18 Ianuarii]] anni [[2009]] habita, a factione [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Fronte Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] (Hispanice ''Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional'', Hispanicis siglis ''FMLN''), cum 47% suffragiorum, victa sunt. [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum]] suffragiorum 43%, dum [[Factio Democrata Christiana (Salvatoria)|Factio Democrata Christiana]] (Hispanice ''Partido Demócrata Cristiano'', Hispanicis siglis ''PDC'') -quae sibi bonam resultationem praesagiverat- solum 6% adepta est. Diei [[16 Martii]] anni [[2009]] [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontis Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] candidati [[Mauritius Funes|Mauritii Funes]] victoriam roboraverunt cum 53,3% suffragiorum, contra 48,7% suffragiorum quae adeptus est [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum|gubernii dexterae factionis]] candidatus [[Rodericus Ávila]]. Quae resultatio historica est, quoniam sinistra politica in gubernium induxit post annos viginti in [[Oppositio (civilitas)|oppositione]]. [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] potestatem conservavit alio quinquennio plus, electo anno [[2014]] praeside [[Salvator Sánchez Cerén|Salvatore Sánchez Cerén]]. Praesidialia anni [[2019]] comitia perrupturam Salvatorianā in historiā constituerunt, quia vicit [[Nayib Bukele|Nayibus Bukelis]]<ref>'''Nayibus Bukelis''' apud diarium interretialem ''[[Ephemeris]]'' nuncupatum (Paulus Kangiser, ''DE PRAESIDIS SALVATORIANI ACTIONIBUS IN LEGVM EFFRACTORES'', die 1 Maii 2020).</ref>, prior [[Soteropolis|Soteropoleōs]] [[alcaldus]], qui longum dominatum inter [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum]] et [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontem Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] destruere consecutus est. ==Geographia== [[Fasciculus:El Salvador Topography.png|thumb|upright=1|Salvatoriae [[topographia]].]] Salvatoria 21041 km² lata est. Litora, [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] et [[Sinus Fonseca|Sinum Fonsecam]]<ref name="Fonseca"/> (Hispanice ''Golfo de Fonseca'') ad Meridiem contingentia, 307 km patent. Salvatoria sola natio in [[Media America|Mediā Americā]] est quae directo accessū ad [[Mare Caribaeum]] caret. Salvatoria [[Mons ignifer|montium igniferorum]] iugo pingitur quod hanc civitatem dividit in [[regio]]nes tres: litus meridionale, valles atque [[oropedium|oropedia]] media, et montes septentrionales. Altissimus mons est [[Mons Pitalensis]]<ref>Confer binomen "Isochilus pitalensis".</ref> (Hispanice ''Cerro El Pital''), 2730 m celsus et [[Honduria]]e finitimus. Altissimus mons ignifer [[Sancta Anna (mons ignifer)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna">Vide ''Diocese of Santa Ana'' in [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsana.html www.catholic-hierarchy.org], homonyma cum capite, districtū, praefecturā et monte ignifero.</ref> (Hispanice ''Santa Ana'' seu ''Ilamatepec'') est, ad occidentem situs et 2365 m celsus. Longissimum flumen [[Lempa]] est, 22 km longum, quorum 320 hanc nationem transiunt. ===Clima=== [[Fasciculus:Koppen-Geiger Map SLV present.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Salvatoriana [[Enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|descriptio climatica Köppen-Geiger]] (tabula Anglice).]] Huic civitati [[clima]] [[zona tropica|tropicum]] est, cum [[siccum (tempus anni)|tempore sicco]] et [[tempus pluviosum|pluvioso]] bene definitis. [[Temperatura]] praecipue secundum [[altitudo|altitudinem]] variat, habitā parvā [[amplitudo thermica|amplitudine thermicā]] annuā. Litorales [[planities]] uniformiter aestuosum clima ostendunt, sed modicius augente altitudine intestinis in terris. ===Flora faunaque=== Agri herbosi et exigua [[quercus|querqueta]] et [[pinus|pineta]] Salvatorianos montes tegunt. Nationalis [[vegetatio]] ex [[arbor]]ibus folia amittentibus et subtropicis agris herbosis consistit, sed magna cuius pars deleta est ut [[coffea]]e sata statuerentur et [[agricultura|agri ad culturam]] apti fierent. Salvatoriae [[fauna]] non tam diversa quam [[flora (plantae)|flora]] est, sed [[lacus]] et [[flumen|flumina]] multis [[piscis|piscibus]] abundant. [[Endemismus|Endemicas]] apud [[aves|avium]] [[species]] [[trochilidae]], [[Phoenicopterus|phoenicopteri]], et [[psittaciformes]] sunt.<ref>Vide situm interretiali [https://web.archive.org/web/20230221005807/https://www.sos-kinderdorf.at/so-hilft-sos/wo-wir-helfen/amerika/el-salvador/laenderinformation#subparagraph2 www.sos-kinderdorf.at] Salvatorianis de florā faunāque.</ref> <gallery mode="packed-hover" caption="Salvatoriae fauna et flora"> File:Turquoise-browed Motmot (7046728729).jpg|''[[Eumomota superciliosa]]'' File:Armadillo2.jpg|''[[Dasypodidae|Dasypodida]]'' File:White-tailed deer.jpg|''[[Odocoileus virginianus]]'' File:Mexican-hairy-porcupine-1.jpg|''[[Sphiggurus mexicanus]]'' Coatí de nariz blanca (Nasua narica).jpg|''[[Nasua narica]]'' File:Puma face.jpg|''[[Puma concolor]]'' File:CtenosauraSimilis.jpg|''[[Ctenosaura similis]]'' File:Agkistrodon bilineatus 2.jpg|''[[Agkistrodon bilineatus]]'' File:Porthidium nasutum banino.jpg|''[[Porthidium nasutum]]'' File:Abronia montecristoi 55841718.jpg|''[[Abronia montecristoi]]'' File:Parachromis managuensis 2012 G1.jpg|''[[Parachromis managuensis]]'' File:Black-bellied Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) RWD.jpg|''[[Dendrocygna autumnalis]]'' File:Malachitfalter, Bambuspage, Siproeta stelenes 3.JPG|''[[Siproeta stelenes]]'' File:Banded Peacock.jpg|''[[Anartia fatima]]'' File:South American butterfly II.jpg|''[[Danaus chrysippus]]'' File:Salome Yellow (49697535818).jpg|''[[Eurema mexicana]]'' File:Kapok tree Honolulu.jpg|''[[Ceiba pentandra]]'' File:Aulacorhynchus prasinus -perching on branch-8a.jpg|''[[Aulacorhynchus prasinus]]'' File:Frutos con semillas de caobo.jpg|''[[Swietenia macrophylla]]'' File:Ciconia maguari 3.jpeg|''[[Ciconia maguari]]'' File:Hawksbill turtle off the coast of Saba.jpg|''[[Eretmochelys imbricata]]'' File:Lepidochelys olivacea.jpg|''[[Lepidochelys olivacea]]'' File:Kini iguana.jpg|''[[Iguana iguana]]'' File:Agalychnis moreletii03.jpg|''[[Agalychnis moreletii]]'' File:Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg|''[[Leopardus pardalis]]'' File:Cerejeira pg.jpg|''[[Cerasus]]'' File:Starr 050518-1609 Tabebuia donnell-smithii.jpg|''[[Tabebuia donnell-smithii]]'' File:Jilinjoche.jpg|''[[Pseudobombax ellipticum]]'' File:Tecoma stans en Rosario, Argentina.jpg|''[[Tecoma stans]]'' File:Caesalpinia pulcherrima.jpg|''[[Caesalpinia pulcherrima]]'' File:Convict Surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus.jpg|''[[Acanthurus triostegus]]'' </gallery> ==Gubernium et civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Sesion Solemne de Legislatura 2015-2018 (17866066655).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Salvatorienses conturbenales in [[Conventus Legifer Salvatorianus|Conventū Legifero Salvatoriano]].]] [[Constitutio]] anni [[1983]] maximam legalem auctoritatem hac in natione habet. Salvatoriae [[democratia|democraticum]] et repraesentativum gubernium est, cuius tria corpora sunt: * Pars [[Potestas exsecutiva|exsecutiva]], a Praeside Rei Publicae ducta, qui per [[suffragatio]]nem directam eligitur et cuius munus quinquennium durat. Praeses denuo eligi nequit continuis in comitiis, sed eligi potest ceteris in comitiis. Praeses habet ministrorum consilium quod ipse designat et etiam [[copiae militares|copiarum militarium]] [[res militaris#Gradus militares|summus praefectus]] est. * Pars [[Potestas legifera|legifera]], [[Conventus Legifer Salvatorianus]] (Hispanice ''Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador'') nuncupata, est unicameralis et e [[deputatus|deputatis]] 84 consistit. * Pars [[Potestas iudicialis|iudicialis]], a [[Tribunal Supremum Iustitiae Salvatorianum|Tribunali Supremo Iustitiae Salvatoriano]] (Hispanice ''Corte Suprema de Justicia de El Salvador'') recta, ab iudicibus quindecim compositum, e quibus unus Magistratus Praeses (Hispanice ''Magistrado Presidente'') eligitur. Salvatoriensia politica circumiacentia [[Respublica praesidentialis|praesidentialem]] [[democratia|repraesentativam democraticam]] [[respublica|rempublicam]] constituunt multiformi ac [[Systema polycommaticum|polycommatico]] cum systemate. [[Praeses Salvatorianus|Praeses]] (Hispanice ''Presidente''), in praesenti [[Nayibus Bukelis]], et [[dux civitatis]] et [[dux rectionis]] est. [[Potestas exsecutiva]] a Gubernio (Hispanice ''Gobierno'') expletur. [[Potestas legifera]] et a Gubernio et a [[Conventus Legifer Salvatorianus|Conventū Legifero]] praestatur. Nationi sunt etiam libera [[potestas iudicialis]] et [[Tribunal Supremum Iustitiae Salvatorianum|Tribunal Supremum]]. ===Civilitas=== [[Fasciculus:ANIVERSARIO DE LA CONSTITUCION (23168818313).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Conventus Legatorum Salvatoriae]] (Hispanice ''Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador'').]] Salvatoriae [[systema polycommaticum]] est. Duae [[Factio politica|factiones politicae]], [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum]] (Hispanice ''Alianza Republicana Nacionalista'', Hispanico acronymo ''ARENA'') et [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|Frontis Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali]] (Hispanice ''Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional'', Hispanicis siglis ''FMLN'') in comitiis domitari tendebant. Factionis [[Foedus Respublicanum Nationalisticum|ARENA]] candidatūs subsequentia comitia praesidentialia vicerunt donec [[Mauritius Funes]], factionis [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|FMLN]], electus est Martio anni [[2009]]. Factio [[Frons Faramundi Martí pro Liberatione Nationali|FMLN]] sinistra<ref name="DGLCM">Vide hoc lemma apud ''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno'' auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.</ref> est, quae divisa est inter praevalentes [[Marxismus-Leninismus|Marxistico-Leninianas]]<ref name="DAEL"/> partes in legislationis spatio et [[Liberalismus socialis|socio-liberales]] partes a Mauritio Funes usque ad annum [[2014]] ductas. Attamen, hic [[bifactionismus]]<ref>Vide situm interretialem [https://www.fabio.com.ar/875 www.fabio.com.ar].</ref> fractus est cum [[Nayibus Bukelis]], [[Magnum Foedus pro Unitate Nationali|Magni Foederis pro Unitate Nationali]] (Hispanice ''Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional'', Hispanico acronymo ''GANA'') candidatus, Salvatoriensia comitia praesidentialia<ref name="DAEL"/> anni [[2019]] vicisset.<ref>Delcid, Merlini (Merlin); Guy, Iacobi (Jack) (die 10 Februarii anni 2019). [https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/09/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-profile-intl/index.html "The strange political path of Nayib Bukele, El Salvador's new President"] (Anglice). ''[[CNN]]''.</ref> Februario anni [[2021]], comitiorum parlamentariorum<ref name="DAEL"/> resultationes praecipuam mutationem Salvatorianae civilitati causaverunt. Nova foederata praesidis [[Nayibus Bukelis|Nayibi Bukeli]] factio, [[Novae Ideae]] (Hispanice ''Nuevas Ideas''), parlamentariam maximam Salvatoriani historiae partem adepta est.<ref name="Dyde">Dyde, Iacobi (James) (Kalendis Martiis anni 2021). [https://www.centralamerica.com/opinion/el-salvador-legistlative-elections-2021/ "El Salvador Legislative Elections 2021"] (Anglice). ''centralamerica''.</ref> Mediae regionis, praesertim [[caput (urbs)|capitis]] et litoralium regionum, [[Praefecturae Salvatoriae|praefecturae]] (Hispanice ''departamentos''), "praefecturae rubrae" (Hispanice ''departamentos rojos'') nuncupatae, relative sinistrarum partium<ref name="DGLCM"/> sunt. Alioquin, "praefecturae caeruleae" (Hispanice ''departamentos azules'') -in Orientalium, Occidentalium et planitierum montanarum regionibus sitae- relative conservativae sunt.<ref name="BBC News">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-27568032 "Ex-rebel becomes El Salvador leader"] (Anglice). ''BBC News''. Kalendis Iuniis anni 2014.</ref> ===Publicae rationes et res militares=== [[Fasciculus:Secretary Pompeo Participates in Signing Ceremony for the CSL Lease Extension - 48342132177.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Civitatum Foederatarum Secretarius Civitatis]] [[Michael Pompeo]] obsignationis caerimoniam Salvatoriano cum Praeside [[Nayib Bukele|Nayibo Bukeli]] participat.]] Salvatoria [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatonis Nationum]] et aliquot specializatorum{{dubsig}} earum ordinum socia est. Etiam [[Ordo civitatum Americanarum|Ordinis civitatum Americanarum]], [[Parlamentum Centroamericanum|Parlamenti Centroamericani]] (Hispanice ''Parlamento Centroamericano'', Hispanico acronymo ''PARLACEN'') et [[Systema Integrationis Centroamericanae|Systematis Integrationis Centroamericanae]] (Hispanice ''Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana'', Hispanicis siglis ''SICA'') apud alia socia est. Active Commissioni Securitatis Centroamericanae favet, quae regionalem armorum moderationem alere quaeret. Salvatoria [[Ordo mercaturae mundanae|Ordinis mercaturae mundanae]] socia est; quamobrem regionales liberi commercii consensūs persequitur. Active{{dubsig}} Summi Conventūs Americarum (Hispanice ''Cumbre de las Américas''; Anglice ''Summit of the Americas''; Lusice ''Cúpula das Américas''; Francice ''Sommet des Amériques'') processui favens, Salvatoria coetui operatorio de accessū ad [[mercatus|mercatum]] communem intra Areae Liberi Commercii Americarum inceptum praesidet. Novembre anni [[1950]], Salvatoria sola natio fuit quae nove roboratum [[Tenzin Gyatso|XIV Dalai Lama]] adiuvit cum [[Tibetum|Tibetani]] Ministrorum Consilii telegrammati favisset quod a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventū generali Nationum Unitarum]] posceret ne [[Res publica popularis Sinarum]] sibi [[Tibetum]] annectere desineret.<ref name="Laird">Laird, Thomae (Thomas) (2006). ''[https://archive.org/details/storyoftibetconv00lair/page/303 The Story of Tibet:Conversations with His Holiness the Dalai Lama]'' (Novi Eboraci: Grove Press), 303–305. ISBN 9780802118271.</ref> Nullā natione adiuvante, "Consociatio Nationum unanimiter{{dubsig}} Tibetanum rogatum ex ordine agendorum demiserunt."<ref name="Laird">.</ref> [[Copiae militares Salvatorienses|Copiis militaribus Salvaroriensibus]] (Hispanice ''Fuerza Armada de El Salvador'') tres sectiones: [[Exercitus Salvatoriensis]] (Hispanice ''Ejército Salvadoreño''), [[Classis aëria Salvatoriensis]] (Hispanice ''Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña'') et [[Classis nautica Salvatoriensis]] (Hispanice ''Fuerza Naval de El Salvador''). Propemodum 17 000 hominum in copiis militaribus omnino sunt.<ref>[https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/El-Salvador/Military "NationMaster.com".] (Anglice).</ref> Anno [[2017]], Salvatoria [[Foedus de interdictione armorum nuclearium]] abs Consociatione Nationum obsignavit.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"] (Anglice). A Nationibus Unitis Foederum Collectio. Nonis Iuliis anni 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.pressenza.com/2019/01/el-salvador-becomes-the-21st-state-party-to-the-treaty-on-the-prohibition-of-nuclear-weapons/ "El Salvador becomes the 21st state party to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"] (Anglice). Pressenza – International Press Agency. Die 30 Ianuarii anni 2019.</ref> Salvatoria [[Tribunal criminale internationale|Statuti Romani ad Iudicium Internationale Criminale]] pars est.<ref>"[https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties/latin-american-and-caribbean-states Latin American and Caribbean State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court] (Anglice). Inspectum die 10 Iulii 2021".</ref> ===Iura humana=== [[Amnestia internationalis]] attentionem attraxit in nonnullos [[vigil]]es comprehensos propter illegales biocolyticas caedes. Alia apud problemata quae Amnestiae internationalis attentionem attraxerunt, amissi pueri, errores parendi legibus ad investiganda ac bene prosequenda scelera contra feminas et reddita [[Collegium opificum|collegia opificum]] illegalia sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110429054839/http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/el-salvador/page.do?id=1011148 "El Salvador Human Rights"] (Anglice). ''[[Amnestia internationalis]] ''. Archivatum e primigenio die 29 Aprilis anni 2011. Inspectum die 17 Martii anni 2020.</ref> [[Abortus]] vetitus est, sine exceptione [[stuprum|stupri]], [[incestus|incestūs]], maternae vitae periculo oblatae: feminarum igitur 180 in [[carcer]]em coniectae sunt his duobus decenniis, aliquae damnatae sunt amplius triginta annos.<ref>"Woman who suffered miscarriage sentenced to 30 years for aggravated homicide in El Salvador—The Independent" (Anglice). ''apple.news''. Inspectum die 12 Maii anni 2022.</ref> Discriminatio contra homines [[LGBT]] in Salvatoriā pervulgata est.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/8/12/lgbt-in-el-salvador-beatings-intolerance-death "LGBT in El Salvador: Beatings, intolerance, death"] (Anglice). ''Al-Jazeera''. Pridie Idus Augustas anni 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-latam-lgbt-rights/terrorized-at-home-central-americas-lgbt-people-to-flee-for-their-lives-report-idUSKBN1DR28O "'Terrorized at home', Central America's LGBT people to flee for their lives: report"] (Anglice). ''Reuters''. Die 27 Novembris anni 2017.</ref> Secundum schedam interrogatoriam a [[Pew Research Center]], 62% Salvatoriensium ut [[homosexualitas]] societati non accipienda esset credunt.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2013/06/04/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/ "The Global Divide on Homosexuality"] (Anglice). ''Pew Research Center''. Pridie Nonas Iunias anni 2013.</ref> ===Divisiones administrativae=== {{Vide-etiam|Praefecturae Salvatorienses}} [[Fasciculus:Praefecturae Salvatorienses.png|thumb|750px|center|Praefecturae Salvatorienses.]] Salvatoria divisa est in [[Praefecturae Salvatorienses|praefecturas]] seu [[departimenta Salvatoriensia|departimenta]]<ref>Hoc de vocabulo, vide [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2008/nuntius1.php?id=396 hunc nuntium] apud ephemeris.alcuinus.net, ubi dicitur "Res publica Francogallica et departimentum Mosellanum circiter 256 (ducentos qunquaginta sex) miliones euronum solverunt ad Lotharingiae structuram mutandam.".</ref> (Hispanice ''departamentos'') quattuodecim, quae vicissim subdivisa sunt in [[municipium|municipia]] (Hispanice ''municipios'') 262. Hae praefecturae geographice congregantur in zonas tres: Occidentalem (Hispanice ''Occidental''), Mediam (Hispanice ''Central'') et Orientalem (Hispanice ''Oriental''). Inferiori in tabulā ostenduntur praefecturae per zonas collectae: {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellpadding="5" align="center" |----- ! Praefectura Latine ! Praefectura Hispanice ! Caput Latine ! Caput Hispanice ! Area ! Numerus incolarum <small>(2007)</small> ! Mappa |- | colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |''' Zona Occidentalis ''' |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera del Departamento de Ahuachapán.jpg|20px]] [[Praefectura Ahuachapanensis|Ahuachăpan]]<ref name="Ahuachapanensis">Confer binomen ""Ruellia ahuachapanensis".</ref> |''Ahuachapán'' |[[Ahuachapan|Ahuachăpan]]<ref name="Ahuachapanensis"/> |''Ahuachapán'' |1240 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |319 503 |[[File:Ahuachapan in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Santa_Ana_(El_Salvador)_flag.jpg|20px]] [[Sancta Anna (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/> |''Santa Ana'' |[[Sancta Anna (Salvatoria)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/> |''Santa Ana'' |2023 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |523 655 |[[File:Santa Ana in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- | [[Praefectura Sonsonatensis|Sonsonāte]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sonsonatensis">Confer https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsana.html Dioecesin Sonsonatensem] apud [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org catholic-hierarchy.com].</ref> |''Sonsonate'' |[[Sonsonate|Sonsonāte]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sonsonatensis"/> |''Sonsonate'' |1226 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |438 960 |[[File:Sonsonate in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- | colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |''' Zona Media ''' |- |[[Fasciculus:Flag of La Libertad Department.svg|20px]] [[Libertas (Salvatoria)|Libertas]] |''La Libertad'' |[[Sancta Thecla (Salvatoria)|Sancta Thecla]] |''Santa Tecla'' |1653 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |660 652 |[[File:La Libertad in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Flag_of_Chalatenango.svg|20px]] [[Praefectura Chalatenangensis|Chalatenango]]<ref name="Dioecesis Chalatenangensis">Confer dioecesem Chalatenangensem apud [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org catholic-hierarchy.com].</ref> |''Chalatenango'' |[[Chalatenango (Chalatenango)|Chalatenango]]<ref name="Dioecesis Chalatenangensis"/> |''Chalatenango'' |2017 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |192 788 |[[File:Chalatenango in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera del Departamento de Cuscatlán.PNG|20px]] [[Cuscatlan (praefectura)|Cuzcatlan]]<ref name="Cuzcatlan"/> |''Cuscatlán'' |[[Coxutepeque|Coxutepēque]]<ref name="Coxutepeque">Vide [librum ''Flora de Guatemala de José Mociño''] ubi dicitur "'''Rubra''' Ipomaea foliis pinnatifidis (...) HABITAT in Coxutepequi, ac Vicentopolis confiniis (...)".</ref> |''Cojutepeque'' |756 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |231 480 |[[File:Cuscatlan in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera de San Salvador (2021).svg|20px|]][[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS2"/><ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> |''San Salvador'' |[[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris]]<ref name="USS2"/><ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Salvatoria)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> |''San Salvador'' |886 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |1 567 156 |[[File:San Salvador in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera del Departamento de La Paz.jpg|20px]] [[Pax (Salvatoria)|Pax]] |''La Paz'' |[[Zacatecoluca|Zacatecolūca]]<ref name="Zacatecoluca">Vide [librum ''Flora de Guatemala de José Mociño''] ubi dicitur "'''Serrata''' Tournefortia foliis ovatis (...) HABITAT in Zacatecolucae maritimis(...)".</ref><ref name="Dioecesis Zacatecolucana">Confer [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dzacs.html Dioecesin Zacatecolucanam] apud [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org catholic-hierarchy.com]</ref> |''Zacatecoluca'' |1224 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |308 087 |[[File:La Paz in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Flag_of_the_Cabañas_Department.svg|20px]] [[Cabanas (Salvatoria)|Cabānas]]<ref name="Usulutan"/> |''Cabañas'' |[[Sensuntepeque|Sensuntepēque]] |''Sensuntepeque'' |1104 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |149 326 |[[File:Cabanas in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |- |[[Fasciculus:Flag_of_San_Vicente_Department.svg|20px]] [[Sanctus Vincentius (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Vincentius]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sancti Vincentii">Confer [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsnvi.html Dioecesin Sancti Vincentii] apud [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org catholic-hierarchy.com].</ref> seu [[Vincentopolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Vincentopolis]]<ref name="Coxutepeque"></ref> |''San Vicente'' |[[Sanctus Vincentius (Salvatoria)|Sanctus Vincentius]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sancti Vincentii"/> seu [[Vincentopolis (Salvatoria)|Vincentopolis]]<ref name="Coxutepeque"></ref> |''San Vicente'' |1184 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |161 645 |[[File:San Vicente in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- | colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |''' Zona Orientalis''' |- |[[Fasciculus:Usulutan_flag.png|20px]] [[Usulutan (Praefectura)|Usulŭtan]]<ref name="Usulutan">Vide [https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-05-1913-ocr.pdf hoc documentum Sedis Apostolicae] ubi dicitur: "ita ut posthac complectatur solummodo h a s septem civiles provincias, id est San Vincente, Cabanas, (...) Usulután denominantur".</ref> |''Usulután'' |[[Usulutan|Usulŭtan]]<ref name="Usulutan"/> |''Usulután'' |2130 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |344 235 |[[File:Usulutan in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera-San MiguelDPT.jpg|20px]] [[Praefectura Sancti Michaelis|Sanctus Michaël]]<ref name="Michaelis"/> |''San Miguel'' |[[Sanctus Michaël (Salvatoria)|Sanctus Michaël]]<ref name="Michaelis"/> |''San Miguel'' |2077 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |434 003 |[[File:San Miguel in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Flag_of_Morazán_Department.svg|20px]] [[Praefectura Morazanensis|Morăzan]]<ref name="Morazán">Confer binomen "Psychotria jinotegensis var. morazanensis".</ref> |''Morazán'' |[[Sanctus Franciscus Gotera|Sanctus Franciscus Gotēra]] |''San Francisco Gotera'' |1447 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |174 426 |[[File:Morazan in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |[[Fasciculus:Bandera_del_Departamento_de_La_Union_ES.jpg|20px]] [[Unio (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Unio]] |''La Unión'' |[[Unio (Salvatoria)|Unio]] |''La Unión'' |2074 [[Chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |238 217 |[[File:La Union in El Salvador.svg|100px]] |- |} <center> {| class="wikitable" align="center" style="line-height:140%;font-size: 90%;" |- ! colspan="3" align=center| Zonae et praefecturae Salvatorienses |- | colspan="3" align=center|[[File:Zonae et praefecturae Salvatorienses.png|thumb|200px|Zonae et praefecturae Salvatorienses]] |- |} </center> ==Oeconomia== [[Fasciculus:Cotton-UsulutanSV.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Xylon|Xyli]] agri in Salvatoriā.]] Salvatoria parva, [[Civitas provectibilis|ad progressionem nitens]] natio in [[Media America|Mediā Americā]] est, propemodum cum incolarum sex [[milion]]ibus. Huius nationis [[oeconomia]] praecipue in [[Campus oeconomicus tertius|diaconiis]], [[Campus oeconomicus secundarius|industriā]] et [[agricultura|agriculturā]] fundatur, quamquam diaconiarum campus maximus [[Productus domesticus generalis|productui domestico generali]] contributorius est.<ref name="WB 2021">Ab [[Argentaria mundana|Argentariā mundanā]]. (2021). [https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/elsalvador/overview El Salvador Overview] (Anglice).</ref><ref name="CIA2021">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210507021641/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/ Liber Factorum Mundanorum] (Anglice), [[Procuratio Nuntiorum Centralis|Procurationis Nuntiorum Centralis]] anni 2021.</ref><ref name="UNDP">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking Programma promotorium Nationum Unitarum] (Anglice) anno [[2020]].</ref> Secundum [[Argentaria mundana|Argentariam mundanam]], Salvatoriensis [[productus domesticus generalis]] 24,6 [[Milliardum|milliarda]] [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|$]] anno [[2020]] erat, cum [[reditus per capita|reditū per capita]] 3 820 [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|$]]. Recentibus annis, oeconomia moderatum incrementum experta est, annuo cum augentis productūs domestici generalis indice 2,5% inter annos [[2016]] et [[2019]]. Nihilominus, [[COVID-19 pandemia]] productum domesticum generalem 7,9% anno [[2020]] deminuit.<ref name="WB 2021"/><ref name="CIA2021"/><ref name="UNDP"/> Diaconiarum campus circiter 64 centesimae productūs domestici generalis constituit, cuius praecipui subcampi [[mercatura magna]], [[mercatura tenuis]], [[vectura]] et communicationes sunt. Industriae campus circa 22 centesimas productūs domestici generalis constituit, cuius praecipui subcampi ciborum apparatio, [[textile|textilia]], [[chemia|chemica]] sunt. Denique, agriculturalis campus circiter 7% productūs domestici generalis constituit, ubi [[coffea]], [[harundo sacchari]] et [[xylon]] praecipuae fruges sunt.<ref name="WB 2021"/><ref name="CIA2021"/><ref name="UNDP"/> Salvatoria a pecuniae missionibus valde pendet, quae propemodum 20% nationalis productūs domestici generalis constituunt et originem trahunt a Salvatoriensibus peregre viventibus. Haec natio etiam aliquot foedera commercialia sanxit, incluso foedere commerciali cum [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], quod ei adiuvit ad augendas merces exportatas.<ref name="WB 2021"/><ref name="CIA2021"/><ref name="UNDP"/> Attamen, Salvatoria nonnullis difficultatibus adhuc occurrit, apud quas altus vis scelerumque gradus, politica instabilitas et [[Iniquitas reditus|iniquitas]]. Quoque haec natio naturalibus incommodis, sicuti [[huracanum|huracanis]] et [[Terrae motus|terrae motibus]], affecta est.<ref name="WB 2021"/><ref name="CIA2021"/><ref name="UNDP"/> Die [[7 Septembris]] anni [[2021]], prima civitas in [[orbis terrarum|toto orbe terrarum]] quae [[bitinummus|bitinummum]]{{LLHL24 ref|Bitcoin|276}} [[moneta (pecunia)|monetam legitimam]], iuxta cum [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|dollario Civitatum Foederatarum]], asciverat facta est.<ref>''[https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/bitcoin-diventa-valuta-legale-el-salvador-0ac968fb-cbf0-40a1-ba3e-f817b1ab41f5.html El Salvador, bitcoin diventa valuta legale]'' ([[Italice]]), in ''rainews.it'', die 7 Septembris anni 2021. Inspectum URL die 3 Februarii anni 2023.</ref> ==Infrastructura== ===Energia=== <gallery widths="200" heights="110"> File:Central Geotérmica Ahuachapán 02.jpg|[[Electrificina]] [[Energia geothermica|geothermica]] in [[Praefectura Ahuachapanensis|Praefecturā Ahuachapanense]]. File:Central Geotérmica de Berlín 05.JPG|[[Electrificina]] [[Energia geothermica|geothermica]] in [[Usulutan (Praefectura)|Praefecturā Usulutanense]]. File:Rio Lempa Presa Enero 2011.jpg|[[Ergasterium hydroelectricum|Ergasterii hydroelectrici]] [[Moles (agger)|moles]] apud [[Lempa|flumen Lempam]]. </gallery> Salvatorianum systema energeticum importatis [[Fomes fossilis|fomitibus fossilibus]], praesertim [[petroleum|petroleo]], valde fretum, quod circiter 70% totius [[Electricitas|electricitatis]] generatae constituit. Haec obnoxietas importatis a fomitibus hanc nationem vulnerabilis inconstanti petrolei pretio in toto orbe terrarum reddit et significativis oeconomicis periculis eam exponit. Ad huic problemati occurrendum, gubernium Salvatoriense nonnullas rationes adhibuit ut diversificetur Salvatotiana [[mixtura formarum energiae]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> et augetur usus fontium [[Energia renovabilis|energiarum renovabilium]], sicuti [[Energia geothermica|geothermicae]], [[Energia solaris|solaris]], [[Energia ventosa|ventosae]]. Reapse, Salvatoria significativā harum energiarum renovabilium fontium potentiā valet et iam ad evolvendas eas progressa est. Ex anno [[2021]], energiae renovabilis fontes propemodum 30% totius electricitatis generatae in Salvatoriā constituunt. Verumtamen, huic nationi adhuc difficultates superandae sunt, inter quas limitata transmittendi infrastructura et politica ordinatoriaque impedimenta ad pecuniam collocandam in energiarum renovabilium inceptis.<ref>Ab [[Argentaria mundana|Argentariā mundanā]] (anno [[2017]]) [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28518 El Salvador: Energy Sector Assessment] (Anglice).</ref><ref>Ab IRENA (anno [[2019]]). [https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jul/Renewable-energy-statistics-2019 Renewable Energy Statistics 2019] (Anglice).</ref> ===Vectura=== [[Fasciculus:AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL DE EL SALVADOR (AIES-SOARG).jpg|thumb|[[Aëroportus Internationalis Salvatoriensis|Aëroportūs Internationalis Salvatoriensis]] exterior pars.]] [[Vectura]] in Salvatoriā viaria intextū vix evoluto et limitatā vehiculorum publicorum praesentiā pingitur. Secundum relationem ab [[Argentaria interamericana progressus|Argentariā interamericanā progressūs]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo'', [[Anglice]] ''Inter-American Development Bank'', [[Francice]] ''Banque interaméricaine de développement'' et [[Lusice]] ''Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento'') anno [[2019]] factam, solum 7% viarum hac in natione bituminatae sunt, quod difficilem periculosamque vecturam per vias reddit. Alterā ex parte, vehiculorum publicorum systema praecipue privatis [[Laophorium|laophoriis]] et laophoriis minutis, crebro refertis et pessimis conditionibus, constituitur. Quamobrem, hoc systema viatoribus magna sinistrorum casuum viariorum pericula et incommodam experientiam involvit. Nihilominus, gubernium Salvatorianum has difficultates emendare conatur, verbi gratiā, per programma "EL Salvador Transporte Cercano", cuius propositum vehicula publica tutiora fidioraque praebere est.<ref>Ab [[Argentaria interamericana progressus|Argentariā interamericanā progressūs]]. [https://publications.iadb.org/publications/italian/transizione-urbana-in-america-latina-e-il-caribe) Transizione urbana in America Latina]{{Nexus deficitur|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Italice).</ref> Respectū{{dubsig}} Salvatoriensium [[Aëroportus|aëroportuum]], aëroportus huic nationi internationales volatūs praebens [[Aëroportus Internationalis Salvatoriensis|Aëroportus Internationalis Salvatoriensis Sanctus Anscharius Arnulphus Romero y Galdámez]] (Hispanice ''Aeropuerto Internacional de El Salvador San Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez'') 40 chiliometra seu 25 [[Mille passus|milia passuum]] ab [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]] distans, est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060213150000/http://www.aeropuertoelsalvador.gob.sv/"CEPA – Aeropuerto Internacional de El Salvador"] (Hispanice). Aeropuertoelsalvador.gob.sv.</ref> ===Educatio=== [[Fasciculus:EGRZ4IjX0AAka8Y.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Schola publica]] in Salvatoriā (circa annum [[2010]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Educacion en el salvador.png|thumb|upright|left|Alumni [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]].]] [[Fasciculus:Antiguo Edificio de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de El Salvador..JPG|thumb|[[Facultas Medicinae Universitatis Salvatoriensis|Historicum aedificium Scholae Medicinae Universitatis Salvatoriensis]], [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]].]] Salvatoriense publicum [[educatio]]nis systema opibus valde caret. Classis magnitudo publicis in scholis alumnos 50 per aulam superare potest. Salvatorienses qui impensam solvere possunt suos filios privatas ad scholas mittunt, quae melioris qualitatis quam publicae putantur. Pleraeque privatae scholae [[Statunitensis|Statunitensia]], [[Europa]]ea aut alia provecta systemata sequuntur. Proletariae plebis familiae publicae educationi confidere coguntur.<ref> [https://www.r4d.org/wp-content/uploads/El-Salvador-Case-Study_Final-Version3_May24_2018-.pdf "AFFORDABLE NON-STATE SCHOOLS IN EL SALVADOR"] (PDF Anglice). ''www.r4d.org''.</ref> [[Educatio]] in Salvatoriā gratuita per [[Lyceum (schola)|lyceum]] est. Post basicae educationis (ludi litterarii et scholae mediae) novem annos, alumni biennale lyceum aut triennale lyceum eligere possunt. Biennale lyceum alumnum ad mittendum eum in [[universitas|universitatem]] parat; dum triennale lyceum alumnum gradum suscipere et opificum coetum vocationale intra curriculum intrare aut universitatem plurimae educationi electo de campo intrare sinit.<ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/archives/syllabi/E_CLAD/sfusd_cult_03/nancy/new/educ.html"What's Education Like in El Salvador"] (Anglice). ''web.stanford.edu''. Inspectum die [[7 Aprilis]] anni 2023.</ref> [[Universitas|Universitarium systema]] in Salvatoriā e centrali publico instituto, [[Universitas Salvatoriensis|Universitati Salvatoriensi]] (Hispanice ''Universidad de El Salvador''), et multis aliis specializatis privatis universitatibus consistit. Salvatoria ordine 96º secundum [[Index mundanum innovationis|Indicem mundanum innovationis]] anno [[2021]], anteriori de ordine 108º anno [[2019]], collocata est.<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/ Index mundanum innovationis anno 2021] (Anglice, Arabice, Hispanice, Francice, Russice et Sinice). Inspectum die [[7 Aprilis]] anni 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html Index mundanum innovationis anno 2019] (Anglice, Arabice, Hispanice, Francice, Russice et Sinice). Inspectum die [[7 Aprilis]] anni 2023.</ref> ===Sanitas=== Salvatoriense valetudinarium systema publicarum privatarumque diaconiarum mixtura est, ubi Ministerium publicum saluti popoli tuendae publicarum valetudinariarum diaconiarum provisionem praestat. Haec natio universale valetudinarium systema in cautionis socialis exemplari fundatum habet, sed tegmen limitatum est et multi homines aditum basicas ad valetudinarias diaconias non habent. Publicae valetudinariae diaconiae gratuitae sunt, sed harum curationum qualitas magnopere variat, ruralibus cum areis et marginatis communitatibus limitatum aditum valetudinarias ad diaconias habentibus. Privatus curationis medicae campus crescit, sed diaconiae cariores sunt ut plerique incolae solvere nequeant. Valetudinis operariorum exiguitas et disparitas in valetudinis consecutionibus dissimiles inter communitates significativa problemata sunt quae solvenda sunt. Salvatoria in meliorandā matrum puerorumque valetudine profecit, per deminuendam [[contagio]]sorum [[morbus|morborum]] praevalentiam, sicuti [[sida]]e aut [[phthisis|phthiseōs]]; nihilominus sunt adhuc difficultates in curandis haud contagiosis morbis sicuti [[Diabetes mellitus|diabete]], [[Hypertensio arterialis|hypertensione arteriali]] et [[Cancer (morbus)|cancro]].<ref name="OMS Slv">Ab [[Ordo Panamericanus sanitarius|Ordine Panamericano sanitario]] (anno 2021). [https://www.paho.org/salud-en-las-americas-2017/?p=3288 Health systems profile- El Salvador] (Anglice et Hispanice). Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref><ref>Ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine mundi sanitario]] (anno 2021). [https://www.who.int/countries/slv/en/ El Salvador] (Anglice). Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref><ref>A [[Commonwealth Fund]] (anno 2021). [https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/surveys/el-salvador International Health Policy Survey: El Salvador]{{Nexus deficitur|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Anglice). Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> [[Fasciculus:Hospital El Salvador.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Valetudinarium Salvatoria]] (Hispanice ''Hospital El Salvador'').]] Ceterum, [[COVID-19 pandemia]] Salvatoriense valetudinarium systema valde ursit. Quamobrem, Gubernium praecipuam huius nationis [[sedes primaria conventus|sedem primariam conventūs]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> in [[Valetudinarium Salvatoria]]m (Hispanice ''Hospital El Salvador'') convertit ut maximum [[nosocomium]] in [[America Latina|Americā Latinā]] sit. Hic apparatus a Praeside inauguratus est die [[22 Iunii]] anni [[2020]], cum Praeses hanc in valetudinarium conversionem diuturnam propter ingentem pecuniae collocationem factam fore nuntiavit.<ref name="Reyes">Reyes, Scarlettae (Scarlett) (Die 22 Iunii anni 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200629001214/https://lanotta.com/el-salvador-inauguro-el-hospital-mas-grande-america-latina/ "Pandemia : El Salvador inauguró el hospital más grande América Latina"] (Hispanice). ''La Notta''. Retrieved 28 June 2020. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref><ref name="EFE">"El Salvador inaugura primera fase de un hospital exclusivo para la COVID-19". ''[[EFE]]'' (Hispanice). Die 22 Iunii anni 2020. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref>[[Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|Dollariorum Statunitensium]] 25 [[millio]]nes primae huius phasi convertendae prioris sedis primariae conventūs expensae sunt,<ref name="El Comercio">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200626233241/https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/bukele-hospital-uci-covid-salvador.html "Nayib Bukele inaugura en El Salvador primera fase del 'mejor hospital de Latinoamérica' exclusivo para covid-19"]. ''El Comercio'' (Hispanice). AFP. Die 24 Iunii anni 2020. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref>, toto hoc apparatū [[Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|dollariorum Statunitensium]] 75 millionibus constante et habente [[haemotheca]]m, [[necrocomium]], [[radiologia]]e aream alia inter commoda.<ref name="EFE"/><ref name="El Comercio"/> Hoc [[valetudinarium]] totam capacitatem 1083 lectorum [[statio therapiae intensivae|stationis therapiae intensivae]] et 2000 lectorum omnino habebit, phasi tertiā finitā.<ref name="Reyes"/><ref>[https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-salvador-inaugura-hospital-solo-pacientes-covid-19-capacidad-2000-camas-20200622041616.html "El Salvador inaugura un hospital solo para pacientes de la COVID-19 con una capacidad de 2.000 camas"]. ''[[Europa Press]]'' (Hispanice). Die 22 Iunii anni 2020. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> Respectū{{dubsig}} valetudinis, anno [[2015]] [[exspectatio vitae]] circa 69 anni viris et 78 anni feminis erat; sed exspectatio vitae bonā cum valetudine inferior decem annos quam exspectatio vitae generalis ambobus sexibus.<ref name="OMS Slv"/> Alterā ex parte, compellente [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiā Catholicā]], [[abortus|abortūs]] leges in Salvatoriā apud restrictivissimas in toto orbe terrarum sunt ex anno [[1997]]. Etiam in casū [[stuprum|stupri]] aut aliarum medicarum implicationum, abortus lege prohibetur, quamobrem feminae talibus in casibus propter [[homicidium]] voluntarium semper inculpatae sunt.<ref>Ariadnae (Ariane) Hermelin, [ttps://www.terrafemina.com/article/quand-faire-une-fausse-couche-peut-mener-les-femmes-en-prison_a288751/1 «Quand faire une fausse couche peut mener les femmes en prison»] (Francice), ''Terrafemina'', Kalendis Novembribus anni 2015. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> Ex Octobre anni [[2016]], partialis de abortū legis rogatio<ref name="DAEL"/> -in casū stupri et periculi vitae matris- excogitabatur<ref>Manon Gauthier-Faure, [https://www.marianne.net/monde/salvador-une-ado-enceinte-apres-un-viol-prend-30-ans-de-prison «Salvador : une ado enceinte après un viol prend 30 ans de prison»] (Francice), ''Marianne'',‎ die 9 Iulii anni 2017. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> sed dexteris a factionibus impedita est.<ref>[https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1061232/salvador-30-ans-de-prison-pour-une-ado-violee-ayant-perdu-son-bebe.html "Salvador: 30 ans de prison pour une ado violée ayant perdu son bébé"] (Francice), ''L'Orient-Le Jour'',‎ [[7 Iulii|Nonis Iuliis]] anni 2017. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> Salvatoria [[feminicidium|feminicidiorum]]<ref>De hoc vocabulo, vide [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2021/nuntius.php?id=1866 nuntium "DE FEMINICIDIO ITALICO" apud Ephemeridem].</ref> principatum in [[America Latina|Americā Latinā]] anno [[2011]] conservabat, cum 13,9 feminis interfectis pro 100 000 incolarum; anno [[2016]], hic index in 5,8 decrevit.<ref>Lamiae (Lamia) Oualalou, [https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2011/12/OUALALOU/47027 «En Amérique latine, élections et déceptions»], articulus initio Decembre anni 2011 sub titulo «Ce qui change pour les femmes», ''Manière de voir'' nº 150 (Francice), Decembre anni 2016 et Ianuario anni 2017, paginis 26-28. Inspectum die [[9 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]]</ref> ==Demographia== Salvatorianus [[numerus incolarum]] 6&thinsp;314*thinsp;167 hominum anno [[2021]] fuit,<ref>[https://population.un.org/wpp/ "World Population Prospects 2022"]. ''population.un.org'' (Anglice). [[UN DESA]], Multitudinis Officina. Inspectum die 25 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref><ref>"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100". ''population.un.org'' (Anglice). [[UN DESA]], Multitudinis Officina. Inspectum die 25 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> adversus 2 200 000 anno [[1950]]. Anno [[2010]], centesima ratio numeri incolarum minus quam 15 annos natorum 32,1%, 61% inter 15 et 65 annos natorum et 6,9 magis quam 65 annos natorum erat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations"]. ''population.un.org'' (Anglice). Archivatum ex archetypo pridie Nonas Maias anni 2011.</ref> [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris]] circiter 2,1 [[millio]]nes incolarum habebat. Aestimatae 42 centesimae partes Salvatorianorum ruri incolunt. [[Urbanizatio]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> mirifico indice in Salvatoriā usque ab [[anni 1960|annis 1960]] expansa est, cum milliones hominum urbes migravissent, quod adiuncta problemata [[Ars urbium disponendarum|arti urbium disponendarum]] et diakoniis creavit. Saltem 100 000 [[Nicaragua|Nicaraguensium]] sunt qui Salvatoriam incolunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511104117/http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/The%20Nicaragua%20case_M%20Orozco2%20REV.pdf "The Nicaragua case_M Orozco2 REV.doc"] (PDF Anglice). Archivatum ex archetypico PDF die 11 Maii anni 2011. Inspectum die 25 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> ===Ethnē=== [[Fasciculus:Salvadorianchildren.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Discipulorum grex [[Metapan|Metăpane]]<ref name="Metapán"/> (Hispanice ''Metapán'', in [[Sancta Anna (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctā Annā]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/>.]] Salvatoriana ethnica compositio [[rassa]]rum non minus quam [[Indi Americani|Indorum Americanorum]], [[Europa]]eorum, Afrorum [[Nigricolor]]um mixtura est, iuxta cum minoribus hominum ex [[Asia occidentalis|Asiā Occidentali]] aut extremis Orientis partibus<ref name="DGLCM"/> oriundorum diasporis. Salvatoriensium 86 centesimae partes se [[mixticius|Mixticiā]] cum progeniē identificant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210507021641/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/ "CIA – The World Factbook – El Salvador"]. [[CIA]]. Inspectum die [[28 Aprilis]] anni [[2023]].</ref> Salvatorianorum 15 centesimae partes se [[Albicolor]]es referunt, plerumque ethnice posteri ex [[Hispania|Hispanis]], sed etiam e [[Francia|Francogallicis]], [[Germania|Germanis]], [[Helvetia|Helvetiis]], [[Anglia|Anglis]], [[Hibernia|Hibernis]] et [[Italia|Italis]]. Plerique [[Europa Media|Europae Mediae]] migratores profugi in Salvatoriam venerunt per [[Secundum bellum mundanum]], e [[Cechia|Cechiā]], [[Germania|Germaniā]], [[Hungaria|Hungariā]], [[Polonia|Poloniā]] et [[Helvetia|Helvetiā]]. Sunt etiam parvae [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]], [[Christianus|Christianorum]] [[Palaestini|Palaestinorum]] et [[Arabes|Arabum]] [[Musulmanus|Musulmanorum]] (praesertim Palaestinorum) communitates. [[Fasciculus:Palestian free- palestian children in El Salvador.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Palaestini [[puer]]i in Salvatoriā.]] Incolarum 0,23 centesimae se integre [[Amerindi|Indigenae]] referunt. Apud [[ethnos|ethnē]] sunt [[Cacaopera|Cacaopērae]] (Hispanice ''cacaoperas'' seu ''kakawiras'') 0,07 centsimas omnium Salvatorianorum repraesentantes, [[Pipil]]es<ref name="Pipil">A Francisco López de Gómara, ''De rebus in Hispaniā gestis'', ubi dicitur: "Nahuatlae, Mexicani, seu Pipiles, diu sub imperio Mexicano fuerunt".</ref> (Hispanice ''pipiles'' seu ''nahuas'') 0.06% repraesentantes, [[Lenca]]e<ref name="Lenca">A [[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria|Petro Martyre ab Angleriā]], ''[[De orbe novo decades]]'', ubi dicitur "Lencas, gens Americana, qui in terra Hondurasiae versatur".</ref> (Hispanice ''lencas'') 0,04% repraesentantes et alia minora ethnē 0,06% repraesentantia. Pauci nonnulli Amerindi mores traditionesque servaverunt cum per tempora praevalenti Mixticiae culturae assimulati essent.<ref>[ttps://www.countriesquest.com/central_america/el_salvador/history/military_rule_1931-1979.htm "Jose Napoleon Duarte, Hernandez Martinez, Ungo, Matanza, Central American Common Market, CACM, urban middle class, Christian Democratic Party, powerful families, death squads, Organization of American States, PRUD, International Court Of Justice, urban center, rapid population growth"] (Anglice). ''countriesquest.com''.</ref> Est parvum [[Afrosalvatoriensis|Afrosalvatorianum]] ethnos, 0,13% omnium Salvatoriensium constituens, cum aliarum [[rassa]]rum [[Nigricolor]]es ne in Salvatoriam migrarent gubernii rationibus ineunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] impediti essent.<ref>A Salamanca, Hellenā (Elena) (die 23 Octobris anni 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080102044414/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/dominical/318769.asp "NO a 'los otros'"] (Hispanice). La Prensa Gráfica. Archivatum ex archetypo postridie Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2008. Inspectum 28 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref><ref>A Montgomery, Thomā Susannā (Tommie Sue) (anno 1995). ''Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace'' (Anglice). Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-0071-1.</ref> Nihilominus, [[Africa Subsahariana|Afrorum]] in servitutem redactorum pronepotes Salvatorianas in demographiam culturamque iam per colonialem et postcolonialem periodos inserti erant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220913113640/https://elfaro.net/es/201404/academico/15281/La-invisible-herencia-africana-de-El-Salvador.htm "La invisible herencia africana de El Salvador"] (Hispanice). ''elfaro.net''. Inspectum die 28 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> [[Migratio|Immigrantes]] apud circulos in Salvatoriā, Palaestini Christiani eminent.<ref>A Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (2000). A Century of Palestinian Immigration into Central America: A study of their economic and cultural contributions (Anglice). [[Urbs Sancti Iosephi in Costarica|Urbe Sancti Iosephi]], in [[Costarica|Costaricā]]: Ab [[Universitas Costaricensis|Universitate Costaricensi]].</ref> Quorum posteri, quamquam pauci secundum numerum sunt, ingentem oeconomicam politicamque potentiam hac in natione adepti sunt, sicuti Praesidis [[Antonius Saca|Antonii Saca]] electio patescit, cuius adversarius in anni [[2004]] comitiis, [[Shafiquus Hándal]] quoque Palaestinae originis erat, et florentes societates mercatoriae, fabricatoriae et aedificatoriae hoc ab [[ethnos|ethnei]] possessae sunt. Anno [[2004]], erant circiter 3,2 [[millio]]nes Salvatorianorum extra Salvatoriam incolentium, cum essent [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] traditionaliter locus destinatus Salvatoriensibus ab oeconomicis migrantibus electus. Anno [[2012]], erant circa duo milliones Salvatorianorum immigrantium et [[Statunitensis|Statunitensium]] Salvatorianae originis in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae,<ref>US Census Bureau 2012 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin (Hispanice). Inspectum die 29 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref><ref>Ab Aizenman, N. C. (die 24 Septembris anni 2009). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/23/AR2009092304494.html"Salvadorans Seek a Voice to Match Their Numbers"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Inspectum die 29 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Secundus locus destinatus Salvatorianis peregre incolentibus gratiosus [[Guatimalia]] est, amplius cum 111000 hominum, praesertim [[Urbs Guatimalensis|Urbe Guatimalensi]]. Salvatorienses etiam vicinas nationes sicuti [[Beliza]]m, [[Honduria]]m et [[Nicaragua]]m incolunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303221232/http://www.rree.gob.sv/sitio/img.nsf/vista/informes/%24file/nicaragua.pdf "Comunidad Salvadoreña: República de Nicaragua"] (PDF Hispanice). A Supremo consilio Salvatoriense exteris negotiis accurandis;. Archivatum ex archetypico PDF die 3 Martii anni 2009. Inspectum die 29 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Alias apud nationes significativam Salvatorianorum communitatem habentes sunt [[Canada]], [[Mexicum]], [[Britanniarum Regnum]] -inclusis [[Insulae Caimanenses|Insulis Caimanensibus]]-, [[Suecia]], [[Brasilia]], [[Italia]], [[Columbia]] et [[Australia]]. ===Linguae=== [[Lingua Hispanica]] [[lingua publica]] est, quā propemodum omnes incolae loquuntur, quamquam multo pauci [[Indi Americani|Indigenae]] (circa 500) [[Pipil]]es<ref name="Pipil"/> [[Lingua Pipil|Pipiliter]] (Hispanice ''náhuat'' seu ''pipil''; Pipiliter ''nawat'' seu ''nawataketzalis'') loquuntur. Aliae [[Indi Americani|Indigenicae]] linguae, videlicet [[lingua poquomamica|poquomamica]] (Hispanice ''pocomam'' seu ''pokomam'' seu ''poqomam''), [[lingua Cacaopera|Cacaopēra]] (Hispanice ''cacaopera'') et [[lingua Lenca Salvatoriensis|Lenca Salvatoriensis]]<ref name="Lenca"/> (Hispanice ''Lenca salvadoreño''), exstincta sunt. [[Lingua Quecchica|Quecchice]] (Hispanice ''q'eqchi'' seu ''quekchí'') loquuntur [[Indi Americani|Indigenae]] immigrantes e [[Guatimalia|Guatimaliā]] et [[Beliza|Belizā]] oriundi qui in Salvatoriā vivunt. [[Lingua Hispanica]] vernacula [[Caliche]] (Hispanice ''caliche'') nuncupatur, quae informalis putatur. Sicut aliis in [[America Media|Americae Mediae]] et [[America Australis|Australis]] regionibus, Salvatoriani [[voseismus|voseismo]] (Hispanice ''voseo'' utuntur, qui ad pronominis ''vos'' usum sicut secundam personam singularis vice pronominis ''tú'' refert. ===Religio=== [[Fasciculus:Santa Ana Catedral Nuestra Señora de Santa Ana 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cathedralis Sanctae Annae (Salvatoria)|Cathedralis Sanctae Annae]] [[Sancta Anna (Salvatoria)|homonymā]] urbe.]] Plerique Salvatoriani in Salvatoriā [[Christianus|Christiani]] sunt. [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholici Romani]] (47%) et [[Protestantes]] (33%) praecipui [[religio]]si circuli hac in natione sunt, Ecclesiā Catholicā maximā denominatione.<ref name="IRFR">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012"] (Anglice). A [[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum|Ministerio Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Inspectum die 9 Maii anni 2023.</ref> Ad nullum circulum religiosum adscripti 17 centesimarum partium rationem subducunt.<ref name="IRFR"/> Reliqui incolae (3%) a [[Testes Iehovae|Testibus Iehovae]], [[Societas internationalis pro conscientiā Crisnae|Harecrisnis]], [[Musulmanus|Musulmanis]], [[Iudaei]]s, [[Buddhismus|Buddhistis]], [[Ecclesia Iesu Christi Diebus Ultimis Sanctorum|Mormonibus]] et [[Amerindi]]ca credibilia colentibus constituti sunt.<ref name="IRFR"/> [[Evangelismus|Evangelicorum]] numerus hac in natione rapide auget.<ref>Ab Offutt, Stephano (Stephen) (die 23 Februarii anni 2017). ''New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa'' (Anglice). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-43521-6.</ref> [[Anscharius Romero]], primus Salvatorianus [[sanctus]], a [[Papa|Papā]] [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]] [[14 Octobris|pridie Idus Octobres]] anni [[2018]] canonizatus est. ===Maximae urbes=== Viginti maximae urbes aut oppida in inferiori tabula sunt: {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px; font-size:85%" |- ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Positio ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Urbs]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Praefecturae Salvatorienses|Praefectura]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]]<ref>"2007 El Salvador Bureau of Statistics estimate" (PDF Anglice). Ab Instituto Generali (Salvatoriano) Statisticae et Censūs. Aprili anni 2008. Inspectum postridie Kalendas Septembres anni 2011.</ref> ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Photographema |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris]]'''<ref name="USS1"/> seu '''[[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]'''<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 540 989 || |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Sancta Anna (Salvatoria)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/>''' || [[Sancta Anna (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/> || 245 421 || [[Fasciculus:ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg|100px|Sancta Anna]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Soyapango]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 241 403 || [[Fasciculus:Soyapango.jpg|100px|Soyapango]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Sanctus Michaël (Salvatoria)|Sanctus Michaël]]<ref name="Michaelis"/>''' || [[Praefectura Sancti Michaelis|Sanctus Michaël]]<ref name="Michaelis"/> || 218 410 || [[Fasciculus:San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png|100px|Sanctus Michaël]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Sancta Thecla (Salvatoria)|Sancta Thecla]]''' || [[Libertas (Salvatoria)|Libertas]] || 164 171 || [[Fasciculus:Iglesia_Del_Carmen_Sta_Tecla_LL_2012.jpg|100px|Sancta Thecla]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Mexicani (Salvatoria)|Mexicani]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 140 751 || [[Fasciculus:Mejicanos_El_Salvador_2012.jpg|100px|Mexicani]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Apopa|Apōpa]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 131 286 || [[Fasciculus:Apopa_El_Salvador_Cathedral_2012.jpg|100px|Apōpa]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Delgado]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 120 200 || [[Fasciculus:Foto_aerea_de_ciudad_delgado.jpg|100px|Delgado]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Ahuachapan|Ahuachăpan]]<ref name="Ahuachapanensis"/>''' || [[Praefectura Ahuachapanensis|Ahuachăpan]]<ref name="Ahuachapanensis"/> || 110 511 || [[Fasciculus:Ahuachapan_Parroquia_Nuestra_Señora_de_la_Asuncion.jpg|100px|Ahuachăpan]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Ilopango]]'''<ref name="Ilopango">Confer binomen ""Navicula ilopangoensis"</ref> || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 103 862 || [[Fasciculus:Ilopango_El_Salvador_calle_2011.jpg|100px|Ilopango]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Urbs Columbensis (Salvatoria)|Urbs Columbensis]]'''<ref name="Columbensis">Quemadmodum urbs Panamiensis homonyma "Urbs Columbensis" latinizata est e [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcoky.html Dioecesi Columbensi-Kunayalensi], ita latinizatur urbs homonyma Salvatoriana.</ref> || [[Libertas (Salvatoria)|Libertas]] || 96 989 || [[Fasciculus:Entrada_de_Colon_LL_El_Salvador_2010.jpg|100px|Urbs Columbensis]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Tonacatepeque|Tonacatepēque]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 90 896 || |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 13 ||align=left | '''[[Opico|Opīco]]''' || [[Libertas (Salvatoria)|Libertas]] || 74 280 || [[Fasciculus:Iglesia_Parroquial_San_Juan_Evangelista,_San_Juan_Opico,_El_Salvador._Fachada.jpg|100px|Opīco]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Chalchuapa|Chalchuāpa]]''' || [[Sancta Anna (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/> || 74 038 || [[Fasciculus:Chalchuapa Iglesia Santiago Apostol, El Salvador.jpg|100px|Chalchuāpa]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Usulutan|Usulŭtan]]<ref name="Usulutan"/>''' || [[Usulutan (Praefectura)|Usulŭtan]]<ref name="Usulutan"/> || 73 064 || [[Fasciculus:Ciudad_de_Usulután.jpg|100px|Usulŭtan]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Sanctus Martinus (Salvatoria)|Sanctus Martinus]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 72 758 || [[Fasciculus:San_Martin_Alcaldia_El_Salvador_2011.jpg|100px|Sanctus Martinus]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Sonsonate|Sonsonāte]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sonsonatensis"/>''' || [[Praefectura Sonsonatensis|Sonsonāte]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sonsonatensis"/> || 71 541 || [[Fasciculus:Catedral_de_Sonsonate.jpg|100px|Sonsonāte]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Izalco]]''' || [[Praefectura Sonsonatensis|Sonsonāte]]<ref name="Dioecesis Sonsonatensis"/> || 70 959 || [[Fasciculus:Church_in_Izalco_(7185454976).jpg|100px|Izalco]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Cuscatancingo]]''' || [[Sanctus Salvator (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sanctus Salvator]]<ref name="USS1"/> seu [[Soteropolis (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Soteropolis]]<ref name="Soteropolis"/> || 66 400 || |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 20 ||align=left | '''[[Metapan|Metăpan]]'''<ref name="Metapán"/> || [[Sancta Anna (Praefectura Salvatoriensis)|Sancta Anna]]<ref name="Sancta Anna"/> || 65 826 || [[Fasciculus:Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg|100px|Metăpan]] |}{{clear}} ==Scelus== [[Fasciculus:Marasalvatrucha13.png|thumb|upright=0.8|[[mara (caterva)|Marae]]<ref name="Mara"/>[[Mara Salvatrucha|Salvatruchae]] sodalis cum notis in dorsum impressis huius marae nomen habentibus.]] Ineunte e [[saeculum 21|saeculo vicensimo uno]], Salvatoria altum [[scelus|scelerum]] indicem passa est, inter quae includuntur malefactorum catervarum scelera et scelera iuvenilia.<ref>A Peetz, Petro (Peter) (Iunio anni 2008). "Youth, Crime, and the Responses of the State: Discourses on Violence in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua" (PDF Anglice). ''GIGA Working Papers''. '''80'''.</ref> Salvatoria altissimum [[homicidium|homicidiorum]] indicem in toto orbe terrarum anno [[2012]] habebat, sed acutam scelerum deminutionem anno [[2019]] experta est, centristico<ref name="DAEL"/> gubernio regente.<ref>"El Salvador cerraría 2019 con una tasa de 36 homicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes" (Hispanice). ''Gubernium Salvatoriense''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028114109/http://www.pnc.gob.sv/portal/page/portal/informativo/novedades/noticias/El%20Salvador%20cerrar%EDa%202019%20con%20una%20tasa%20de%2036%20homicidios%20por#.X5lY2M7P1dj Archivatum ex archetypo] die 28 Octobris anni 2020. Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Haec natio etiam in malefactorum catervarum crisi epicentrum putatur, iuxta cum [[Guatimala|Guatimalā]] et [[Honduria|Honduriā]].<ref name="Ribando">A Ribando, Clarā (Clare) (die 10 Maii anni 2005). [https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RS22141.pdf "Gangs in Central America"] (PDF Anglice). ''Congressional Research Service''. [[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Bibliotheca Congressūs Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Aliquot diurnalisticae investigationes [[Mauritius Funes|Caroli Mauritii Funes Cartagena]]<ref>Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. [https://www.dw.com/es/el-salvador-fiscal%C3%ADa-acusa-a-expresidente-mauricio-funes-de-pactar-con-pandillas/a-54325432 "El Salvador: Fiscalía acusa a expresidente Mauricio Funes de pactar con pandillas | DW | Die 26 Iulii anni 2020"]. ''DW.COM'' (Hispanice). Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> et [[Salvator Sánchez Cerén|Salvatoris Sánchez Cerén]]<ref>"Gobierno de Sánchez Cerén pagó US$400 al mes a pandilleros durante dos años". ''Diario La Huella'' (Hispanice). Die 19 Februarii anni 2020. Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> gubernia, magis quam violentiam et malefactorum catervarum facinora extirpare conata esse, cum catervis Barrio 18 et Marā Salvatruchā<ref>[https://insightcrime.org/news/analysis/munguia-gang-truce-el-salvador/ "El Salvador Arrests General Behind 2012 Gang Truce"]. ''InSight Crime'' (Anglice). Die 28 Iulii anni 2020. Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> indutias pacisci ad temperanda parumper scelera homicidiaque Salvatoriensi in territorio indicant. Hoc repugnans, gubernium complura consilia instituit quae de harum catervarum consociatione iuvenes demere conaretur; nihilominus, hi conatūs nullum celerem effectum produxerunt. Unum apud haec gubernii consilia emendatio contra malefactorum catervas "[[La Mano Dura|Súper Mano Dura]]" (scilicet "manus valde ferrea") nuncupata fuit. Consilium "[[La Mano Dura|Súper Mano Dura]]" non solum paulisper successit sed etiam a [[Nationes Unitae|Nationibus Unitis]] valde reprehensum est. Quod temporarium successum anno [[2004]] expertum est, sed scelerum incrementum fuit post anno [[2005]]. Exempli gratiā, anno [[2004]], erant intentionalis homicidia 41 pro 100 000 incolarum, 60% homicidiorum commissorum ad catervas conexis;<ref name="Ribando"/> anno [[2012]], homicidiorum index crevit ad 66 pro 100 000 incolarum, amplius quam ter [[Mexicum|Mexicanum]] homicidiorum index.<ref name="Alba">Ab Almā (Alma) Guillermoprieto (die 10 Novembris anni 2011). [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/11/10/new-gangland-el-salvador/?pagination=false "In the New Gangland of El Salvador"], ''New York Review of Books'' (Anglice), p.46</ref> Anno [[2011]], erant 25 000 aestimatorum harum catervarum sodalium plerumque in Salvatoriā, e quibus 9000 in carcere sunt.<ref name="Alba"/> Notissimas apud malefactorum catervas, [[mara (caterva)|maras]]<ref name="Mara">'''Mara''' apud diarium interretialem ''[[Ephemeris]]'' nuncupatum (Paulus Kangiser, ''DE PRAESIDIS SALVATORIANI ACTIONIBUS IN LEGVM EFFRACTORES'', die 1 Maii 2020).</ref> (Hispanice ''maras'') vocatas, [[Mara Salvatrucha]] (Hispanice ''Mara Salvatrucha'') et eius aemuli [[Mara Barrium 18]]<ref>De vocabulo "Barrium" vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20230414204757/http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/barrium] in {{DuCange}}.</ref> (Hispanice ''Mara Barrio 18'') sunt. Maras venati sunt [[Turma mortis|turmae mortis]] sicuti [[Umbra Nigra]] (Hispanice ''Sombra Negra''). Apud aemulos, quoque includenda est crescens mara [[Rebelles 13]] (Hispanice ''The Rebels 13'').<ref>"Número de Víctimas y Tasas de Homicidios Dolosos en El Salvador (1999–2006)" (PDF Hispanice). Observatorio Centroamericano sobre Violencia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090325000258/http://www.ocavi.com/docs_files/file_386.pdf Archivatum] ex archetypico (PDF) die 25 Martii 2009. Inspectum die 12 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Annus [[2015]] maxime violentus in Salvatoriā tempore post bellum exstante putatur, 6650 hominum per 365 diēs occisis; quod 18,23 homicidiorum per diem mediocritatem significat.<ref>Europa Press (die 30 Decembris anni 2015). [https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-salvador-cerrara-2015-ano-mas-violento-historia-mas-6600-homicidios-20151230032319.html "El Salvador cerrará 2015 como el año más violento de su historia, con más de 6.600 homicidios"] (Hispanice). ''www.europapress.es''. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Usque ab illo anno, homicidiorum numerus magnopere decrevit usque ad attingendum annum [[2021]]. Anno [[2016]],<ref>(3 Ianuarii anni 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/es/2017/01/03/espanol/america-latina/la-policia-de-el-salvador-dice-que-en-2016-se-redujeron-los-asesinatos-en-el-pais.html "La Policía de El Salvador dice que en 2016 se redujeron los asesinatos en el país"]. ''The New York Times'' (Hispanice). ISSN 0362-4331. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> saltem 5728 hominum in Salvatoriā occisi sunt, quod 15,69 homicidia per diem denotat. Salvatoriae, exeunte anno [[2017]], homicidiorum undecim mediocritas per diem erat. Quod fuerunt omnino 3962 homicidiorum illo anno denotat.<ref>Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). ["La violencia descendió en 2018 en El Salvador por tercer año consecutivo | DW | die 3 Ianuarii anni 2019"]. ''DW.COM'' (Hispanice). Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Anno [[2018]], 616 homicidiorum imminutio fuit relate ad annum [[2017]]. Hic annus finem cepit cum 3348 homicidiorum. Quod 9,19 homicidiorum mediocritatem per diem in 365 dierum spatio fuisse significat. Anno [[2019]],<ref>[ttps://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Homicidios-bajan-29-en-El-Salvador-durante-2019-20191230-0603.html "Homicidios bajan 29% en El Salvador durante 2019"]. ''Noticias de El Salvador - La Prensa Gráfica | Informate con la verdad'' (Hispanice). Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> publici magistratūs omnino 2365 homicidiorum retulerunt, quod 6,47 homicidiorum mediocritatem per diem denotat. Anno [[2020]], homicidiorum numerus ad mediocritatem 3,63 per diem decrevit, omnino 1322 homicidiorum attingens,<ref>Ab Annā-Catharinā (Anne-Catherine). ["El Salvador's Homicide Rate Hit a Historic Low in 2020"]. ''Foreign Policy'' (Anglice). Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> dimidiam homicidiorum rationem reddens quae priore anno acciderunt. Anno [[2021]], haec natio 1140 homicidiorum nuntiaverunt,<ref>Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). [https://www.dw.com/es/gobierno-de-el-salvador-2021-fue-el-a%C3%B1o-m%C3%A1s-seguro/a-60310349 "Gobierno de El Salvador: 2021 fue "el año más seguro" | DW | Postridie Kalendas Ianuarias anni 2022"]. ''DW.COM'' (Hispanice). Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> quae 201 homicidia minus quam antecedente anno sunt et mediocritas 3,12 homicidiorum per diem. Officialia apud data, anno [[2021]] fuit minimus homicidiorum numerus usque a bello civili confecto anno [[1992]] nuntiatus. ===Manus ferrea contra malefactorum catervas=== [[Fasciculus:Marasalvatrucha13arrest.png|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Mara (caterva)|Marae]]<ref name="Mara"/>[[Mara Salvatrucha|Salvatruchae]] sodalis suspectus cum notis huius marae in cute impressis manibus vincitur.]] Die [[25 Martii]] anni [[2022]] incipiens, violentiae a malefactorum catervis patratae triduum evenit, quod 87 hominum interfectorum reliquit.<ref name="France 24">[https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20220410-m%C3%A1s-de-9-000-pandilleros-detenidos-en-el-salvador-en-15-d%C3%ADas-dice-bukele "Más de 9.000 pandilleros detenidos en El Salvador en 15 días, dice Bukele"]. ''France 24'' (Hispanice). Die [[10 Aprilis]] anni 2022. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Huic triduo respondens, Praeses Bukelis<ref>'''Nayibus Bukelis''' apud diarium interretialem ''[[Ephemeris]]'' nuncupatum (Paulus Kangiser, ''DE PRAESIDIS SALVATORIANI ACTIONIBUS IN LEGVM EFFRACTORES'', die 1 Maii 2020)</ref> Salavatoriano de parlamento ratam [[legislatio extraordinaria|legislationem extraordinariam]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> facere rogavit.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/28/el-salvador-invokes-state-of-emergency-after-62-killings-in-a-day "El Salvador declares state of emergency after gang killings"]. ''www.aljazeera.com'' (Anglice). Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> Die [[26 Martii]], Bukelis etiam [[vigil]]ibus et exercitui ut tumultuariam violentiae responsalium comprehensionem inciperent iussit. Postridie, [[Conventus Legifer Salvatorianus]] (Hispanice ''Asamblea Legislativa de El Salvador'') [[legislatio extraordinaria|Legislationem Extraordinariam]]<ref name="Lucusaltiani"/> approbavit, quae legaliter quemvis civem catervae socii suspectum comprehendere sivit, etiam sine probatione. Praeterea, Conventus Legifer quoque reformationes approbavit ad augendas damnationes a novem in 45 annos carceris et ad puniendos nuntios a malefactorum catervis diffusos, quoque ad damnandos liberos diurnarios de catervarum crisi locutos usque ad 15 annos carceris. Lex contra eos dirigitur qui suum territorium cum malefactorum catervarum [[acronymum|acronymis]] "signant" -hoc usū catervarum socii utuntur ad absterrendos et minandos eos qui publicis magistratibus accusant. Directorium carcerum [[graphitum|graphita]] eradere coepit quibus malefactorum catervae utuntur ad signanda territoria ubi agunt. Malefactorum catervae seu [[mara (caterva)|marae]]<ref name="Mara"/>[[Mara Salvatrucha|Salvatrucha]], siglis MS-13, (Hispanice ''Mara Salvatrucha'') et [[Mara Barrium 18|Barrium 18]] (Hispanice ''Barrio 18''), inter alias, 70 000 sodalium rationem subducunt, quorum 16 000, usque ab Martio, in carcere conditi sunt,<ref name="France 24"/> sed, apud ultimarum comprehensionum relationes, hic numerus amplius ad 25 000 sontium crevit. Obsidium urbe [[Soyapango]] (Hispanice ''Soyapango'') [[graphitum|graphita]] in locis olim periculosis delevit<ref>[https://diariolahuella.com/eliminan-grafitis-en-el-municipio-de-soyapango/ "Eliminan grafitis en el municipio de Soyapango"] (Hispanice). Die 25 Ianuarii anni 2023. Inspectum 23 Aprilis anni 2023.</ref> et in hoc municipio nonnullarum communitatum periculosi catervarum sodales capti et in vincula coniecti sunt. ==Cultura== [[Fasciculus:SalvadorDelMundo.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Egregia [[statua]] Christi super [[Tellus (planeta)|planetae Telluris]] orbi [[Monumentum Divini Mundi Salvatoris dicatum]] (Hispanice ''Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo'') pars est, quod in Plateā Salvatoris Mundi (Hispanice ''Plaza El Salvador del Mundo'') est, axiotheatum<ref>Confer [[Lingua Neograeca|Neograecam vocem]] αξιοθέατο.</ref> nationali in [[caput (urbs)|capite]], [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]], situm.]] Commixtis [[Amerindi]]cis, [[Imperium Hispanicum|Hispanicis colonialibus]] et [[Africa|Africis]] ponderibus, composita natio conformata est orta e coniungiis mixtis inter [[Amerindi|Aborigenes]], [[Europa]]eos colonos et [[Africa|Afros]] servos. [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesia Catholica]] praecipuo munere Salvatorianā in [[cultura|culturā]] fungitur. [[Archiepiscopus]] [[Anscharius Romero]] nationalis heros propter eius munus in resistendo violationi iurum humanorum quae evenit per Belli civilis Salvatoriensis exspectationem.<ref>Ab Eaton, Helenā Maiā (Helen-May) (anno 1991). ''[https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/116/ The impact of the Archbishop Óscar Romero's alliance with the struggle for liberation of the Salvadoran people: A discussion of church-state relations (El Salvador)]'' (M.A. thesis Anglice) ab Universitate Vilfridi Laurier.</ref> Egregii extranei homines in Salvatoriā [[Societas Iesu|Iesuitae]] et [[professor]]es [[Ignatius Ellacuría]], [[Ignatius Martín-Baró]] et [[Secundus Montes]] fuerunt, qui anno [[1989]] ab Exercitū Salvatoriano per Belli civilis fastigium interfecti sunt. [[Fasciculus:Roque dalton 009.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rochus Dalton|Rochus Dalton García]] Salvatorianus poëta diurnariusque erat, unus validissimos apud poëtas in [[America Latina|Americae Latinae]] historiā putatus.]] [[Pictura]], [[opus fictile]] et [[textum]] praecipua manualia [[ars|artificiosa]] media sunt. [[Scriptor]]es [[Franciscus Gavidia]], [[Salvator Salazar Arrué]], [[Claudia Lars]], [[Alfredus Espino]], [[Petrus Geoffroy Rivas]], [[Manlius Argueta]], [[Iosephus Robertus Cea]] et [[poëta]] [[Rochus Dalton]] celebres Salvatorienses auctores sunt. Insignes apud [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] homines sunt defunctus cineasta<ref name="DAEL"/> [[Balthasar Polio]], [[Dispositor cinematographicus|dispositrix cinematographica]] [[Patricia Chica]], [[artifex]] [[Ferdinandus Llort]] et [[gryllus (ars)|gryllographus]] [[Antonius Salazar]]. Clarissimos apud artifices plasticos sunt [[pictor]]es [[Augustus Crespin]], [[Noë Canjura]], [[Carolus Cañas]], [[Ioannes Gil]], [[Iulia Díaz]], [[Mauritius Mejía]], [[Maria Helena Palomo de Mejía]], [[Camillus Minero]], [[Ricardus Carbonell]], [[Robertus Huezo]], [[Michael Angelus Cerna|Michaël Angelus Cerna]] -note nuncupatus MACLo-, [[Esael Araújo|Esaël Araújo]] et ceteri. ===Coquina=== [[Fasciculus:Plain pupusas revueltas.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Pupusa]]e, nationale et clarissimum Salvatoriae ferculum.]] Unum celebria apud fercula in Salvatoriā [[pupusa|pupūsa]] (Hispanice ''pupusa'') est. Pupūsae manū factae [[maizium|maizii]] [[tortilla|tortīllae]] sunt, factae e maizii aut [[Oryza (victus)|oryzae]] massā Americae Latinae propriā et fartae uno aut aliquibus horum elementorum: [[caseus|caseo]] -plerumque molli Salvatoriano caseo sicuti [[caseolus Salvatorianus|caseolo]]<ref name="DAEL"/> (Hispanice ''quesillo''), simili [[mozzarella]]e-, [[Tzitzarro|tzitzǎrrōne]] (Hispanice ''chicharrón'') aut [[fabae frictae]] (Hispanice ''frijoles refritos''). Aliquando fartura caseus cum calyculis [[Fernaldia pandurata|fernaldiae panduratae]], e [[Media America|Mediā Americā]] oriundae plantae, (Hispanice ''queso con loroco'')<ref name="Pobladores">[http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2003/10/31/nacional/nacio7.html "Pobladores prehispánicos inventaron las pupusas"] (Hispanice). Elsalvador.com. Pridie Kalendas Novembres anni 2003. Archivatum ex archetypo die 3 Maii anni 2011. Inspectum die 26 Maii anni 2023.</ref> est. Pupūsae revolutae (Hispanice ''pupusas revueltas'') fabis, caseo et [[suilla|suillā]] farciuntur. Etiam sunt [[Vegetarianismus|vegetarianae]] optiones. Aliquae audaces [[Popina sellariola|popinae sellariolae]] pupūsas [[Squillarum genus|squillis]] aut [[Spinacia oleracea|spinaciis]] fartas praebent. [[Substantivum]] "pupūsae" deducitur a [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] vocabulo "''pupusa''", quod mutuatum est e [[Lingua Pipil|Pipilicā]] voce "''pupushahua''". Pupūsae origo disputatur, quamquam eius praesentia in Salvatoriā ante [[Hispania|Hispanorum]] adventum esse cognoscitur.<ref name="Pobladores"/> In Salvatoriā, pupūsa [[Mesoamerica]]na avita hereditas et popularissimum ferculum hac in natione habetur. Quae "Nationale Salvatoriae Ferculum" designata est viā Decreti Legiferi nº 655 in Constitutione Salvatorianā. Hoc decretum quoque secundo [[Dies solis|die solis]] hanc nationem "Nationalem pupūsarum diem" celebraturam esse etiam indicat.<ref>"Decretum Legiferum nº 655 Reipublicae Salvatoriae" (Hispanice) a Conventū Legatorum Salvatoriae Reipublicae Salvatoriae, die 11 Aprilis anni 2005, [http://www.asamblea.gob.sv].</ref> Duo alia Salvatoriensia typica fercula [[iucca fricta]] (Hispanice ''yuca frita'') et [[panis cum pullina|panes cum pullinā]] (Hispanice ''panes con pollo'') sunt. Iucca fricta ex valde frictis [[iucca]]e radicibus consistit quae cum [[curtido|curtīdū]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''curtido'' mutuatum; declinandum est "curtīdo curtidus" -sicut "ēchō echūs"-, scilicet ad quartam declinationem et ad genus masculinum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''curtido'') -aceto macerato <ref name="DAEL"/> condimento e [[Brassica oleracea Grex Capitata|brassicā]], [[Allium cepa|cepā]] et [[Carota (holus radicale)|dauco]] facto- et [[Tergilla|tergillis]] cum [[pescadita|pescadītis]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''pescadita'' mutuatum; declinandum est "pescadīta pescadītae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femininum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''pescaditas''), scilicet frictis sardinis pullis, apponuntur. Iucca aliquando cocta magis quam fricta apponitur. Panis cum [[pullina|pullinā]] seu [[Meleagris gallopavo|gallopavone]] calida [[pastillum fartum|pastilla]] submarina gallopavone aut pullinā farta sunt. Hoc pastillum cum [[Solanum lycopersicum|lycopersico]] et [[Nasturtium officinale|nasturtio]] iuxta cum [[Cucumis sativus|cucumi]], [[Allium cepa|cepā]], [[Lactuca sativa|lactucā]], [[Ius Magonicum|iure Magonico]] et [[sinapi]] traditionaliter apponitur. [[Fasciculus:Alguashte.PNG|thumb|upright=0.8|Domi confectum [[alguashte]] immaturo [[mangus|mango]] appositum.]] Unum ex usitatis [[ientaculum|ientaculis]] in Salvatoriā est [[ariena]] fricta, crebro cum [[cramum|cramo]] apposita, quae etiam vulgata est non solum Salvatorianis in [[Popina sellariola|popinis sellariolis]] domibusque sed etiam apud migatores in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas Americae]]. [[Aihuashte]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''aihuashte'' mutuatum; declinandum est "aihuashte aihuashtis" -sicut "mare maris"-, scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus neutrum pertinens.</ref> seu [[alguashte]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''alguashte'' mutuatum; declinandum est "alguashte alguashtis" -sicut "mare maris", scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus neutrum pertinens.</ref> seu [[pepitoria|pepitorĭa]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''pepitoria'' mutuatum; declinandum est "pepitoria pepitoriae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femineum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''aihuashte'' seu ''alguashte'' seu ''pepitoria''), condimentum e siccis molitisque [[Cucurbita argyrosperma|cucurbitae argyrospermatis]] seminibus factum, salsis et dulcibus Salvatoriensibus ferculis vulgo additur. [[Marialuīsa]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''maría luisa'' mutuatum; declinandum est "marialuīsa marialuīsae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femineum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''maría luisa'') communiter in Salvatoriā inventum [[Tragemata|tragēma]] est. Quae est stratificatus [[gastellus]] [[Malum Sinense|malorum Sinensium]] [[Marmelata|marmelatā]] imbutus et [[saccharum pulvereum|saccharo pulvereo]] aspersus. Unum popularissima apud tragemata [[gastellus trium lactium]] (Hispanice ''pastel de tres leches'' seu ''torta de tres leches'' seu ''bizcocho de tres leches'') est, consistens e tribus lactis generibus: lacte evaporato, lacte condensato et [[cramum|cramo]]. [[Potio]] quā Salvatoriani fruuntur est [[hordeatum]] (Hispanice ''horchata''), quod plerumque e molitorum [[Crescentia alata|crescentiae alatae]] seminum pulveribus fit, quibus [[lac]], [[aqua]], et [[saccharum]] adduntur. Hordeatum totum per annum et quolibet diei momento potatur. Plerumque coniunctum est [[pupusa|pupūsarum]] aut [[iucca fricta|iuccā frictā]] ferculo. Salvatorianum hordeatum valde dissimilem saporem habet et cum [[Mexicum|Mexicano]] hordeato non confundendum est, quod ex [[Oryza (victus)|oryzā]] factum est. [[Coffeum]] etiam communis matutina potio est.<ref>[https://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/El-Salvador.html "Culture of El Salvador – traditional, history, People, clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family"] (Anglice). everyculture.com.</ref> Populares apud potiones in Salvatoriā sunt [[ensalada|ensalāda]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''ensalada'' mutuatum; declinandum est "ensalāda ensalādae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femininum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''ensalada''), secatis e fructibus in fructuum suco fluctuantibus facta; et [[kolashanpan]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''kolashanpan'' mutuatum; declinandum est "kolashanpan kolashanpanis" -sicut "animal animalis"-, scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus neutrum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''kolashanpan''), [[potio refrigeratoria]] cum harundinis sacchari sapore. ===Musica=== [[Fasciculus:XXIV Conmemoración de los Acuerdos de Paz. (24315595462).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Alvarus Torres]] unus celeberrimos apud Salvatorienses cantatores est praesertim [[musica popularis Latina|musicae popularis Latinae]], [[amatorium carmen|amatoriorum carminum]]<ref name="DGLCM"/> et musicae bolericae.]] Musica Salvatoriana est mixtura musicarum [[Amerindi]]corum, [[Hispania|Hispanicorum]], [[Africa|Africorumque]] influxuum. Quae [[carmen|carmina]] [[religio]]sa comprehendit quae Salvatoriani ad celebranda [[Dies Natalis Christi|Diem Natalem Christi]] et alia festa maxime canunt, praesertim [[Sollemnitas Omnium Sanctorum|Sollemnitatem Omnium Sanctorum]].<ref>''La Prensa Gráfica,'' "La música tradicional de El Salvador" (Hispanice).</ref> Salvatoriana [[musica vulgaris]] rhythmis sicuti [[son]]e<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''son'' mutuatum; declinandum est "son sonis" -sicut "Iason Iasonis"-, scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus masculinum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''son''), [[musica bolerica|musicā bolericā]]<ref name="DAEL">{{DAEL}}</ref> (Hispanice ''bolero''), [[cumbion|cumbiōne]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''cumbión'' mutuatum; declinandum est "cumbĭon cumbiōnis" -sicut "Iason Iasonis"-, scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus masculinum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''cumbión'') et [[cumbia|cumbĭā]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''cumbia'' mutuatum; declinandum est "cumbĭa cumbĭae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femininum pertinens.</ref> pingitur, qui aguntur [[Instrumentum musicum|instrumentis]] velut [[guitarron|guitarrōne]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''guitarrón'' mutuatum; declinandum est "guitărron guitarrōnis" -sicut "Iason Iasonis"-, scilicet ad tertiam declinationem et ad genus masculinum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''guitarrón''), [[Violina|violinā]], [[marimba|marimbā]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''marimba'' mutuatum; declinandum est "marimba marimbae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femininum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''marimba''),<ref>ElSalvador.com, "El folklore salvadoreño" (Hispanice).</ref> [[teponaztli]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''teponaztli'' mutuatum, indeclinabile et neutrum singulare.</ref> (Hispanice ''teponaztli'' seu ''tun''), [[Tibia (instrumentum musicum)|tibiis]], [[Tympanum|tympanis]], [[guiro|guiribus]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''güiro'' mutuatum; declinandum est "guīro guirus" -sicut "ēchō echūs"-, scilicet ad quartam declinationem et ad genus masculinum pertinens.</ref> (Hispanice ''güiro'') et [[Cucurbita|cucurbitis]], non minus quam [[Cithara Hispanica|citharis Hispanicis]], apud alia. Notissima Salvatoriana [[saltatio vulgaris]] [[xuc]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''xuc'' mutuatum, indeclinabile et neutrum singulare.</ref> nuncupatur, quod ortum est [[Coxutepeque|Coxutepēqui]]<ref name="Coxutepeque"/>, in [[Cuscatlan (praefectura)|Cuzcatlane]]<ref name="Cuzcatlan"/><ref name="Soteropolis"/>. [[Fasciculus:Concerto degli Iron Maiden .jpg|thumb|401x401px|[[Stadium Nationale Georgii "Magici" González|Stadii Georgii "Magici" González]] (Hispanice ''Estadio Jorge "Mágico" González'') [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]] prospectus per concentum a grege [[Iron Maiden]] actum, maximum eventum in totā Salvatoriae historiā.]] Musicae [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribica]], [[Columbia]]na et [[Mexicum|Mexicana]] consuetae non solum in [[Radiophonia|radiophoniā]] sed etiam in [[Convivium|conviviis]] totā hac in natione redditae sunt; praesertim [[musica bolerica]]<ref name="DAEL">{{DAEL}}</ref> (Hispanice ''bolero''), [[cumbia]]<ref>Vocabulum ab [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanicā]] voce ''cumbia'' mutuatum; declinandum est "cumbĭa cumbĭae" -sicut "rosa rosae"-, scilicet ad primam declinationem et ad genus femininum pertinens.</ref>, [[Meringinis (genus musicum)|meringinis]] (Hispanice ''merengue''), [[musica popularis Latina]] (Hispanice ''pop latino''), [[salsa]] (Hispanice ''salsa''), [[bachata|bachāta]] (Hispanice ''bachata'') et [[musica reggaetonica]] (Hispanice ''reguetón''). Quod Salvatorienses ad cantatores attinet, [[Alvarus Torres]] ultimus Salvatorianus romanticus crebro putatur.<ref>[https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/espectaculos/la-conmovedora-historia-de-alvaro-torres-el-ultimo-romantico-salvadoreno/483846/2018/ La nostálgica historia de Álvaro Torres, el último romántico salvadoreño] (Hispanice). Noticias de El Salvador, elsalvador.com.</ref> Concentus omnium tesserarum divenditarum quem [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicus]] grex [[Iron Maiden]] [[6 Martii|pridie Nonas Martias]] intra itineris [[The Book of Souls World Tour]] contextum in [[Stadium Nationale Georgii "Magici" González|Stadio Georgii "Magici" González]] (Hispanice ''Estadio Jorge "Mágico" González'') [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]] egit maximum eventum in totā Salvatoriae historiā factum fuit.<ref>[Ministry of Tourism thanks IRON MAIDEN for visiting El Salvador] (Anglice), in ''ironmaiden.com''. [[URL]] die [[9 Iunii]] anni [[2023]] inspectum.</ref> ===Patrimonium totius mundi=== [[Fasciculus:ES_JoyadeCeren_06_2011_EEstructuras_11_y_6_y_1_Area_1_2121.jpg|thumb|Situs archaeologicus [[Gemma Cerenensis]] (Hispanice ''Joya de Cerén''), patrimonium totius mundi ab anno 1993.]]. Situs archaeologicus [[Gemma Cerenensis]] (Hispanice ''Joya de Cerén'') anno [[1993]] in [[Patrimonium totius mundi|Patrimonii totius mundi]] elencum ab [[UNESCO]]ne adscriptus est. ===Feriae et dies festi=== {| class=wikitable |+ '''Feriae et dies festi''' ! Dies !! Nomen Latinum !! Nomen Hispanicum || Notae |- | [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] | [[Annus Novus]]|| ''Año Nuevo'' | Anni civilis initium |----- | [[1 Maii|Kalendis Maiis]] | [[Dies laboris]]|| ''Día del trabajo'' | Omnium hominum opificum commemoratio |----- | Primā [[Augustus|Augusti]] hebdomade | [[Festa Maiora Sancti Salvatoris|Festa Maiora Sancti Salvatoris seu Festa Augusta]]|| ''Fiestas patronales de San Salvador'' seu ''Fiestas Agostinas'' | [[Transfiguratio|Transfigurationis Domini]] sollemnitas |----- | [[15 Septembris]] | Dies Independentiae|| ''Día de la independencia'' | |----- | [[1 Octobris|Kalendis Octobribus]] | Dies Puerorum || ''Día de los niños'' | Puerorum celebratio hac in natione et aliis locis totius orbis terrarum |----- | [[2 Novembris]] | [[Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium Defunctorum]] || ''Día de los difuntos'' seu ''Día de los muertos'' | Ad memoriam et honorem omnium defunctorum |----- | [[25 Decembris]] | [[Dies Natalis Christi]] || ''Navidad'' | Nativitatis Iesu Christi commemoratio |} ===Res athleticae=== [[Fasciculus:Monumental Estadio Cuscatlan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Stadium Cuzcatlan]]<ref name="Cuzcatlan"/><ref name="Soteropolis"/> (Hispanice ''Estadio Cuscatlán'') [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]].]] [[Pediludium]] est [[disportis]] populo gratissimus in Salvatoriā. [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Salvatoriana]] [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium|Certamini Mundano Pedilusorio]] annis [[1970]] et [[1982]] locum aptum obtinuit<ref name="DGLCM"/>. Punctorum attributio<ref name="DGLCM"/> certamini lusorio anni [[1970]] distincta est [[Bellum Pedilusorium|Bello Pedilusorio]], [[bellum|bello]] contra [[Honduria]]m, cuius turmam ea Salvatoriana vicerat. Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis in [[Stadium Cuzcatlan|Stadio Cuzcatlane]]<ref name="Cuzcatlan"/><ref name="Soteropolis"/> (Hispanice ''Estadio Cuscatlán'') [[Urbs Sancti Salvatoris|Urbe Sancti Salvatoris]]<ref name="USS1"/> ludit. Anno [[1976]] inauguratum est et 44&thinsp;836 spectatoribus capacitatem habet, quod id facit maximum stadium [[Media America|Mediae Americae]] et [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaei]]. == Codices == Salvatoriae hi codices sunt: * MS, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur|Catalogum praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur]]. * SV, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] alpha-2 (catalogi codicum nationum). * SV, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|Catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-2. * YS, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur|Catalogum praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur]]. * SLV, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] alpha-3 (catalogi codicum nationum. * ESA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis|catalogum codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis]]. * ES, secundum [[Catalogus codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti|catalogum codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti]]. * .[[sv]], secundum [[Dominium summum|dominium interretiale]]. == Notae == <references /> ==Nexūs externi== {{CommuniaCat|El Salvador|Salvatoriam}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727223316/http://embassy.el-salvador.org.uk/ Ambasciata Salvatoriensis Londinii] – Notitiis locuples [[Situs interretialis|situs]] quolibet de aspectū Salvatoriensium vitae, gubernii, negotiorum et civilitatis. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210074035/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-e/el-salvador.html Dux Civitatis et Ministrorum Consilium] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507021641/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/ El Salvador]. Liber ''[[The World Factbook]]'' a [[Sedes centralis exploratoria|Sede centrali exploratoriā]] scriptus. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084758/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/elsalvador.htm El Salvador] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1220684.stm De Salvatoriā lineamenta] e [[BBC News]] * [http://www.sahf.org Salvatoriense-Statunitense Philanthropicum Opus Fundatum (SAHF Anglicis siglis)] * [http://www.fusal.org Opus Fundatum Salvatoriense pro Salute et Progressū Humano (FUSAL Hispanicis siglis)] * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SV Praecipuo de progressū prospectio Salvatoriae] ex exemplari [[International Futures]] * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/SLV/Year/2012/ Salvatoriano de commercio summarium ab Argentariā mundanā datis anni 2012 factum] * [http://www.teachingcentralamerica.org/ Teaching Central America] situs interretialis {{America}} {{Capsae collectae|Salvatoria|politica|{{Praesides Salvatoriae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Salvatoriani}}}} [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1821]] [[Categoria:Salvatoria|!]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} n419uyh6cwmk3itge8ofd96oh8ar3x3 0 15967 3987085 3974653 2026-09-10T12:57:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas}} [[Fasciculus:CD-R Back.jpg|thumbnail|Discus compactus (versione CD-R).]] {{res|Discus compactus}} sive abbreviatio {{res|DC}} sive {{res|CD}} est [[Discus opticus|discus opticus]] ad indicia [[systema digitale|numerice]] servanda adhibitus, velut [[musica]], vel [[sonus (physica)|sonus]], vel [[data|indicia computatralia]]. Anno [[1981]] discus compactus primus, qui solum musicam servare potuit, apud expositionem Berolini demonstratus est, volunt discos compactos [[Phonodiscus|phonodisco]] succedere. Post annum unum mense Augusto productio [[Longa Indago|Longa Indagine]] prope [[Hannoveria]]m Germaniae persequitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Album musicum]] * [[Discus opticus]] * [[DVD]] * [[Phonodiscus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Compact discs|discum compactum}} {{tech-stipula}} [[Categoria:Musica]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta servandi]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} mwtopt0x4fcof4si7v1d562jb08hm6e 0 24127 3987247 3949386 2026-09-11T00:09:39Z RadixRadicalis 214630 /* Nati */ 3987247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bettona z03.jpg|thumb|Despectus in Asisium ex [[Vettona]]]] '''Asisium'''<ref>{{Castiglioni}}</ref><ref>{{Campanini}}</ref><ref name="graesse">{{Graesse}}}</ref> {{victio|Asisium|ii|n}} (''Assisium''<ref name="graesse" /><ref> Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo, ovvero, Breve trattato dell' antica e moderna geografia: con tutte le novità occorse circa la mutazione de' dominj stabiliti nelle Paci di Utrecht, Bada, Passarowitz, ec. : opera utile tanto a' principianti, quanto a tutti i dilettanti della studio geografico. Antonio Chiusole. Appresso Giambattista Recurti, 1722 (Google eBook)</ref>) (alia nomina: ''Aesisium''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Asinatis civitas''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Asisi''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Asisia''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Asisius''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Assesenatis civitas''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Assis''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Assissium''<ref name="graesse" />) ([[Lingua Italica|Italice]] ''[[:it:Assisi|Assisi]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 28&thinsp;250 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Umbria]] ac in [[Provincia Italiae|Provincia]] [[Provincia Perusina|Perusina]] situm. Urbani ''Assisienses''<ref name="graesse" /> seu ''Assisiates'' (etiam<ref name="graesse" />: ''Asesinati, Asisinatenses, Asisini, Assisenses, Assisinenses, Assisinatenses'') appellantur. Haec urbs toto orbe praeclara est, quia ibi [[Franciscus Assisiensis|Sanctus Franciscus]] ortus est, vixit et obiit. Adhuc multi homines [[sanctuarium]] Sancti Francisci dicatum visitant. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''<ref>Anno [[1312]]</ref> Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomismate aureo ob meritum civilem decorata]]'' Fasciculus:Welterbe.svg|[[UNESCO]] </gallery> === Sententia === Sententia urbis est: ''SERAPHICA CIVITAS''. == Geographia == * [[Mons Asius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Subasio)|Monte Subasio]]'') == Historia == Asisium vicus [[Umbri|Umbrorum]] et municipium [[Roma antiqua|Romanum]] fuit. == Praeclari cives == Asisii olim vixerunt aut nati sunt et hodie vivunt multi illustres viri atque feminae, inter eos: === Nati === * [[Sextus Aurelius Propertius]], [[poeta]] [[Lingua Latina|Latinus]] * [[Sanctus Franciscus Assisiensis]], religiosus Italus * [[Sancta Clara Assisiensis]] religiosa Itala * [[Donus Doni]], [[pictor]] Italus * [[Carolus Acutis]], iuvenis Italus == Aedificia egregia == * [[Basilica Sancti Francisci]] * [[Basilica Sanctae Mariae Angelorum (Asisium)|Basilica Sanctae Mariae Angelorum]] * [[Portiuncula]] * [[Basilica Sanctae Clarae]] * [[Ecclesia Santae Mariae Maioris]] * [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Sancti Rufini]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Damiani]] * [[Eremus Carcerum]] ad [[Mons Asius|Montem Asium]] * [[Templum Minervae Asisiensis|Templum Minervae]] == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == Asisium, cum [[Nuceria Camellaria]] et [[Tadinum|Tadino]], [[sedes episcopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Nomen sedis episcopalis [[Dioecesis Assisiensis-Nucerina-Tadinensis]] est. == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * [[Armentianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Armenzano|Armenzano]]'') * [[Fanum Sanctae Mariae Angelorum]] * [[Petronianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Petrignano|Petrignano]]'') * [[Rivus Tortus]] ''Capodacqua, Castelnuovo, Colle delle Forche, Costa di Trex, Mora, Palazzo, Paradiso, Passaggio d'Assisi, Pieve San Nicolò, Porziano, Rocca San Angelo, San Gregorio, Santa Maria Lignano, San Presto, Sterpeto, Torchiagina, Tordandrea, Tordibetto, Viole'' === Loci === * [[Mons Asius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Subasio)|Monte Subasio]]'') == Municipia finitima == * [[Cannaria]] * [[Hispellum]] * [[Insula Romana]] * [[Nuceria Camellaria]] * ''[[Perusia]]'' * [[Vallis Fabricae]] * [[Vallis Timiae]] * [[Vettona]] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Assisi (province of Perugia, region Umbria, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Assisiensi in Provincia Perusina. Imago:Assisi San Francesco BW 2.JPG|Basilica Superior Imago:Assisi Piazza del Comune BW 1.JPG|Forum municipalis et Templum Minervae </gallery> <gallery> Imago:SanfrancescoAssisi.jpg|Basilica Sancti Francisci </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Umbria]]m (''regionem'') * [[Provincia Perusina|Provinciam Perusinam]] * [[Perusia]]m (''urbem'') * [[Urbes Italiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Assisi|Asisium}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://www.comune.assisi.pg.it/ Pagina officialis] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Asisium| ]] kv7aplivxeor4vchp53zcj3z890uczq 0 28203 3987123 2659916 2026-09-10T15:31:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Law Code Gortyn Louvre Ma703.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Leges hereditatis apud Gortynam c. 450 a.C.n., nunc in [[Museum Luparense|Museo Luparensi]]]] '''Gortyna''' (''-ae, f.''; [[Graece]] Γόρτυς sive Γόρτυν sive Γόρτυνα) fuit urbs media [[Creta]], caput Cretae Romanae post [[Cnossus|Cnossum]] a [[Caecilius Metellus (Creticus)|Caecilio Metello Cretico]] captum primo saeculo a.C.n. Gortyna notissima est propter leges Gortynias, quae c. annum 450 a.C.n. modo [[boustrophedon|boustrophedo]] inscriptae sunt sed nunc in [[Odeum|odeo]] Romano inveniuntur. Hae leges ad familiam, res familiares, servos, vades, pignora, administrationem iudiciorum, alia pertinent. [[Categoria:Urbes Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Graeciae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati Cretae antiquae]] e85xqpvhsjfexkft7sm3hn6ze3urmi1 0 32238 3987208 3981732 2026-09-10T18:51:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Petrocorium''' sive '''Vĕsunna'''<ref>''Petricorium, Petricordium, Petragoricum, Petrocorae, Petrogorica urbs, Vesunna'': {{Graesse}}</ref><ref>[[Sidonius Apollinaris]] incolas ''Vesunnicos'' appellabat (Ep. VIII.11.1).</ref>, ([[Francogallice]] ''Périgueux'', [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|graece Ουέσουνα]]<ref>[[Ptolemaeus]], II, 7, 9.</ref>,) est urbs [[Francia|Francica]] et [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Duranius (praefectura Franciae)|Duranii]] caput in regione [[Aquitania (regio Franciae)|Aquitania]] (sed in provincia historia [[Petrocoriensis|Petrocoriensi]]. Aevo Romano urbs capitalis fuit civitatis [[Petrocorii|Petrocoriorum]]. ==Incolae noti== *[[Paulinus Petricordiensis]] poeta Christianus * Simona Mareuil, quae in ''[[Un chien andalou]]'', ''[[Le soir des rois]]'', et aliis pelliculis egit. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Duranii]] * [[Vesunna (dea)|Vesunnam]] * [[Via Lemovicensis]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Perigueux Cathedrale Saint Front.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia cathedralis Petrocoriensis]] {{CommuniaCat| Périgueux| Petrocorium}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://perigueux.fr/ Petrocorii pagina interretialis] {{urbs-stipula}} {{Capita praefecturarum Franciae}} {{Capita civitatum Galliae Romanae}} [[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Franciae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Galliae Romanae]] [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Dordoniae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Dordoniae]] ca9fjv9s5g60a5ceclkdhukq69iv2zp 0 52466 3987149 3922705 2026-09-10T15:46:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Claravallis (discretiva)}} '''Claravallis''' est abbatia [[Ordo Cisterciensis|Cisterciensium]] anno [[1115]] in [[Campania (Francia)|Campania]] (hodie praefecturae [[Alba (praefectura Franciae)|Albae]] in [[Francia]]) condita, cuius [[Bernardus Claraevallensis|sanctus Bernardus]] primus abbas fuit. == Nexus externi == * Arnaud Baudin, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170430041319/http://lamop-intranet.univ-paris1.fr/baudin/monasteres/citeaux/clairvaux/clairvaux.htm L'abbaye de Clairvaux]" apud ''Le comté de Champagne et de Brie au Moyen Age'' {{Fontes geographici}} {{aedi-stipula}} [[Categoria:Claravallis|!]] [[Categoria:Bernardus Claraevallensis]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1115]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Albulae]] ddbjyoenn70brtleqd93oz13eix5xpy 0 54660 3987274 3502685 2026-09-11T10:16:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Lehe etiam */ 3987274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:William Laud.jpg|thumb|Gulielmus Laud, Cantuariae archiepiscopus]] ''' Gulielmus Laud''' (humili loco natus [[Radinga]]e die [[7 Octobris]] [[1573]] – supplicio affectus est [[Londinium|Londiniidie]] [[10 Ianuarii]] [[1645]] ) fuit [[Cantuaria]]e [[archiepiscopus]] et aetate [[Bellum Civile Anglicum|Belli Civilis Anglici]] [[rex|Regis]] [[Carolus I Angliae Rex|Caroli I]] consiliarius. Laud contra [[Puritani|Puritanos]] pugnavit, qui eum putabant occulte [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicus]] fuisse. Inter Bellum Civile Anglicum Laud a [[Parlamentum|Parlamento]] capite damnatus est. == Lege etiam == * [[Hugo Trevor-Roper]]: ''Archbishop Laud, 1573–1645'', Orion Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 1-84212-202-9 {{bio-stipula}} {{Archiepiscopi Cantuarienses}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laud, Gulielmus}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1573]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1645]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Oxoniensis]] [[Categoria:Praepositi collegiorum Oxoniensium]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Menevienses]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Cantuarienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Bathonienses et Wellenses]] [[Categoria:Carolus I (rex Angliae)]] oxhbmfq2z5m99rbopne7nxm58zrlryj 0 66637 3987260 3970119 2026-09-11T08:01:02Z Darmonts 200601 /* */ 3987260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Emma Bonino''' (nata [[Braida]]e die [[9 Martii]] [[1948]]; die 11 Septembris 2026 mortua) fuit [[mulier]] [[Italia|Italica]] quae dicit se radicalem, [[Socialismus|socialistriam]], [[Liberalismus|liberalem]], foederalistriam [[Europa]]eam, [[Anticlericalismus|anticlericalem]], antiprohibitionistriam, [[inviolentia|inviolentam]] necnon [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhianam]] esse. Ab anno [[1995]] usque ad annum [[1999]] [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] commissaria fuit. Anno 1998, [[Praemium principum Asturiarum#Auxilium internationale|Praemium principum Asturiarum]] accepit. A die [[28 Aprilis]] 2013 usque ad [[21 Martii]] [[2014]], [[Minister rerum externarum|negotiorum externorum ministra]] in [[Henricus Letta|Henrici Letta]] administratione meruit. Die [[12 Ianuarii]] [[2015]], nuntiavit se [[Cancer pulmonum|cancro pulmonum]] laborante esse. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Emma Bonino|Emmam Bonino}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083825/http://www2.emmabonino.it/ EmmaBonino.it -Pagina officialis.] {{bio-stipula}} {{Consilium Italicum Prodi II}} {{Consilium Italicum Letta}} {{Ministri rerum externarum Italici}} {{Lifetime|1948||Bonino, Emma}} [[Categoria:Commissarii Unionis Europaeae]] [[Categoria:Politici Italiae]] 5qw4wip0x0nn8dx2rbnm6igh4ftmrnh 0 69940 3987153 3946588 2026-09-10T15:55:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:RobertFuddBewusstsein17Jh.png|thumb|upright=0.9|Exemplum ex [[Robertus Fludd|Roberti Fludd]] libro ''Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris . . . historia.'']] [[Fasciculus:Reizweiterleitung.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Imago apud [[Descartes]]. Irritatio pedis per nervos in cerebrum traiecta mentem ita permovet, ut sensus doloris fiat.]] [[Fasciculus:Instanzenmodell Freud5.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Conformatio mentis secundum theorias [[Sigismundus Freud|Sigismundi Freud]] (Theodisce).]] '''Mens''' est sentiendi et cogitandi apud hominem facultas, qua res etiam ab omni [[materia]] abstractas percipimus et contemplamur. Quae [[vis]] [[animus|animi]] nascitur ex [[perceptio]]num [[memoria]]rum [[emotio|permotio]]num [[cogitatio]]num [[imaginatio]]num coniunctione, quam [[intellegentia]] et [[liberum arbitrium|libero arbitrio]] disponimus. Sunt qui mentem velut agmen aut flumen insequentium cogitationum esse putent. Sunt multae theoriae mentis et eius effectionis. Prima de mente hodie nota opera sunt a [[Zarathustra]], [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], [[Plato]]ne, [[Aristoteles|Aristotele]], [[Sankara]], aliisque antiquis [[philosophia Graeca antiqua|philosophis Graecis]], [[philosophia Indica|Indis]], [[philosophia Buddhistica|Buddhisticis]] et [[philosophia Islamica|Islamicis]] scripta. [[Theoria]]e mentis de [[theologia]] deductae proferunt coniunctionem inter mentem et [[anima]]m, res caelestes, [[divinitas|divinitatem]], vel "[[essentia]]s" a [[deus|deis]] homini datas. Theoriae hodiernae, de scientifica [[cerebrum|cerebri]] [[intellegentia]] deductae, ponunt mentem esse opus cerebri, cui sunt aspectus conscii et non conscii. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Conscientia]] * [[Darwinismus neuralis]] * [[Egregorus]] * [[Imaginatio]] * [[Inobservabile]] * [[Intuitio]] * [[Mens (dea)]] * [[Opinio]] * [[Philosophia mentis]] * [[Qualia]] * [[Realitas]] * [[Salus mentis]] * [[Scientia cognitiva]] {{div col end}} ==Bibliographia== *Rosenbaum, R. Shayna, Donald T. Stuss, Brian Levine, et Endel Tulving. [[2007]]. Theory of Mind Is Independent of Episodic Memory. ''Science'' 318 (5854, 23 Novembris):1257. [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/318/5854/1257] *Crocco, Mario. [[2004]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728011255/http://libgen.io/book/index.php?md5=1CF73CBE832B4E2858C8D1A4DDF36962 ''On Minds’ Localization: Clues from a range of academic topics suggest that observers are put in operative connection or disconnection with the surrounding occurrences by the physiologically modulated motion of unidentified microphysical particles'']. [http://electroneubio.secyt.gov.ar ''Electroneurobiología''] 12 (3): 244–257. *Crocco, Mario, et Mariela Szirko. [[2008]]. [http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=8562D716817C4939AA987EAA94A81449&key=BNAIL1FQW6C5SW8Y Caput XI: M Szirko et Caput XII: Mario Crocco]{{Nexus deficitur|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, pp. 313-393 in Helmut Wautischer, ed., ''Conscientiae Ontologia: Actio Percipientis'' / [http://libgen.io/book/index.php?md5=8562D716817C4939AA987EAA94A81449 Ontology of Consciousness - Percipient Action]{{Nexus deficitur|date=Ianuarius 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Bostoniae: MIT Press et Bradford Books. ISBN 9780262232593. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Mind|mentem}} {{Vicicitatio|mens|mentem}} * "[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0503/feature1 The Mind is What the Brain Does]" - Commentarius ''National Geographic.'' * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/mendis/wheel322.html Abhidhamma: Buddhist Perspective of the Mind and the Mental Functions.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130703234650/http://www.aboutreincarnation.org/mind.php/ Buddhist View of the Mind.] * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/ Current Scientific Research on the Mind and Brain.] * [http://consc.net/papers/extended.html The Extended Mind] by Andy Clark & David J. Chalmers. * [http://www.beyondthemind.net/mindandbrain.html The Mind and the Brain] A site exploring [[J. Krishnamurti]]'s view of the Mind. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090409065435/http://canonizer.com/topic.asp/88 Canonizer.com open survey topic on theories of mind]. [[Categoria:Emergentia]] [[Categoria:Mens|!]] [[Categoria:Metaphysica]] [[Categoria:Philosophia mentis]] [[Categoria:Philosophia religionis]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} q3vo3y1sef9dqh5fzkmjnhs71wx9eg0 0 76763 3987245 3986039 2026-09-10T23:43:53Z LilyKitty 18316 de ritu furarationis 3987245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Haraldus V}} (natus Skaugi{{dubsig}} prope [[Osloa]]m die [[21 Februarii]] [[1937]]; [[Osloa]]e [[28 Augusti]] [[2026]] mortuus) fuit a [[pater|patris]] [[mors|morte]] die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[1991]] usque ad mortem suam [[Norvegia]]e [[rex]]. Unicus est [[Olaus V (rex Norvegiae)|Olai V regis Norvegiae]] et [[Martha Sueciae Principissa|Marthae principissiae Sueciae]] filius. Anno [[1939]] [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Bellum Mundanum II]] coepit. Anno [[1940]] Haroldus cum matre sororibusque Sueciam effugit sed [[Vasingtonia]]m mox ierunt. Bello confecto, Haroldus Norvegiam rediit. Discipulus fuit [[schola Osloensis|scholae Osloensis]]. Anno [[1968]], [[Sonia Haraldsen|Soniam Haraldsen]] in [[matrimonium]] duxit. Duos pueros habuit: [[Martha Ludovica Norvegiae Principissa|Martham Ludovicam]] et [[Hacon VIII|Haconem VIII]] regem, qui heres throni Norvegiae est. Die 28 Augusti 2026 mortuus et ritus [[funus (ritus)|furanationis]] nationalis die [[9 Septembris]] [[2026]] factus est.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/sep/09/norway-king-harald-v-funeral Ten of thousans line the street as Norway bids farewell to King Harald V]</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.kongehuset.no/seksjon.html?tid=27163&sek=26940 Pagina de familia regia] {{Reges Norvegiae}} {{Anni vitae|1937|2026|Haraldus V}} [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Osloensis]] [[Categoria:Reges Norvegiae]] c0477k2k76vldq7xezk2paseab5knrn 0 82607 3987105 3755158 2026-09-10T13:56:47Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987105 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Wasserturm Langeoog.jpg|thumb|Monumentum Lili Marleen et Lale Andersen dicatum [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insulae Longae]].]] '''Lili Marleen''' fuit [[secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] praecipue inter milites clarissimum carmen, quod a [[Lale Andersen]] canebatur. == Nexus externi == * [http://ingeb.org/garb/lmarleen.html ''Lili Marleen'' apud ingeb.org] * {{Imdb title|0082661|Lili Marleen}} de Rainer Werner Fassbinder pellicula Lili Marleen dicata {{musica-stipula}} [[Categoria:Carmina]] 21hqqmpael7z1b3wnke826j5xnbes2s 0 102947 3987083 3557449 2026-09-10T12:54:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Urbes coniunctae */ 3987083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:LondonSouthwark.svg|thumb|Ubi regio Southwark in Londinio sita est]] ''' Southwark ''' est [[Londinium Maius|Londinii Maioris]] burgus, unus e triginta burgis huius urbis. Huic burgo circiter 274400 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) sunt. == Urbes coniunctae == * [[Longa Indago]] (in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e) == Nexus externus == * [http://www.southwark.gov.uk/ Pagina officialis] {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Fasciculus:Greater London composite parts.PNG|thumb|Tabula burgorum et pagorum antiquiorum e quibus burgi Londinienses anno 1965 constituti sunt. Colore roseo pinguntur [[burgi metropolitani Londinienses]] qui constituebant territorium [[comitatus Londiniensis|comitatús Londiniensis]] atque postea [[Londinium interius|Londinii interioris]]]] {{Londinii regiones}} {{Urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Burgi Londinienses]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1965]] [[Categoria:Southwark|!]] o4ci2rig11h5r3gynej8okhf9a8lig5 0 114349 3987108 3930928 2026-09-10T14:13:58Z Dart210 152986 3987108 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Platner - Ancient Rome city growth.jpg|right|thumb|Fines urbis Romae.]] '''Regnum Romanum''' fuit [[civitas sui iuris|civitas]] regia in [[Italia]] antiqua. [[Institutum]] urbe [[Roma]]e et fundatum cum Roma condita a Rege [[Romulus|Romulo]] consensu die 21 Aprilis 753 a.C.n. Praecursor est [[Libera res publica Romana|liberae rei publicae Romanae]] tum [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]]. Pauci autem cognoscuntur pro rata parte ad Rem Publicam vel Imperium propter inopiam litterarum superstitum illius saeculi et plerumque est historia fabulosa. Exstitit a conditu Romae et eo rege Romuli usque ad eversionem et expulsionem regis ultimi [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus|Tarquinii]] conditu Rei Publicae anno [[509 a.C.n.]] vel 245 a.U.c. '''Reges:''' :I. [[Romulus]] (753–[[713 a.C.n.]]) :II. [[Numa Pompilius]] (713–[[672 a.C.n.]]) :III. [[Tullus Hostilius]] (672–[[640 a.C.n.]]) :IV. [[Ancus Marcius]] (640–616 [[a.C.n.]]) :V. [[Lucius Tarquinius Priscus|Tarquinius Priscus]] (616–578 [[a.C.n.]]) :VI. [[Servius Tullius]] (578–543 [[a.C.n.]]) :VII. [[Tarquinius Superbus]] (543–509 [[a.C.n.]]). == Bibliographia == * [[Antiquitates Romanae (Dionysius Halicarnassensis)|Dionysius Halicarnassensis, ''Antiquitates Romanae'']] * [[:s:Ab Urbe Condita|Livy, ''Ab Urbe Condita'']] * [[Vitae parallelae|Plutarch, ''Vitae Parallelae'']] {{DEFAULTSORT:Romanum Regnum}} [[Categoria:Antiquae civitates Italiae|Romanum, regnum]] [[Categoria:Condita 753 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Historia Europae]] [[Categoria:Roma antiqua]] {{Myrias|Historia}} {{roma-stipula}} hsscaw8b2zi1nvk42ditifcd978a64q 0 114791 3987242 3770659 2026-09-10T23:23:07Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{charta locatrix|Wiltoniensis |label=Melksham |lat_deg =51 |lat_min =22 |lon_deg = -2| lon_min = -8 |position=right |background = |width=250 |float=right |caption= Oppidi collocatio in comitatu Wiltonia }} '''Melksham''' est oppidum comitatus [[Wiltoniensis comitatus|Wiltoniae]] in [[Anglia]] occidentali situm. Hic [[nundinae]] et [[mercatus]] tenebantur ab anno [[1219]].<ref>Samantha Letters, "[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40433&startpage=1 Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516]{{Nexus deficitur|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}"</ref> [[Fasciculus:Melksham Market Place.jpg|thumb|left|Praesidium et forum nundinarum oppidi Melksham]] == Coniunctio communium == Melksham cum [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmannia]] communi generali in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e sito coniunctum est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Melksham}} == Bibliographia == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20121109184716/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51142#s17 Melksham (St. Michael)]" in {{Lewis England}} * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130209171831/http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=115464 Melksham]" in {{VCH}} Wiltshire vol. 3 pp. 91-121 * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130209171423/http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=115461 Melksham hundred]" in {{VCH}} Wiltshire vol. 3 pp. 77-81 * Einar Laurentius Ekblom, ''The Place-Names of Wiltshire, their origin and history'' (Upsalae, 1917) [http://www.archive.org/stream/placenamesofwilt00ekblrich#page/124/mode/2up p. 125] {{Urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Loci habitati comitatus Wiltoniensis]] p541p7n710ssl3r68sqsidj5ohos5e9 0 118088 3987289 2453725 2026-09-11T10:58:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Hardenberg.jpg|thumb|Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] '''Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg''' (natus [[31 Maii]] [[1750]] [[Essenrodae]], quae nunc ad [[Lerin]] pertinet, apud [[Helmstadium]], mortuus [[26 Novembris]] [[1822]] [[Genua]]e) vir publicus [[Borussia]]e fuit. ==Vita== === Iuventus === Hardenberg anno [[1766]] studium iurisprudentiae et litterarum [[Goettinga]]e coepit, anno [[1768]] [[Lipsia]]m iit atque eo [[Ioannes Wolfgang Goethe|Ioannem Wolfgang Goethe]] convenit. Eo tempore et sodalis [[Ordo Massonicus|Ordinis Massonici]] factus est. Anno [[1771]] auditor iudicii principatus electorialis [[Saxonia]]e factus est. === Consiliarius Hannoverae === Anno [[1772]]/[[1773]] magnum iter fecit et deinde consiliarius cameralis factus est. Anno [[1774]] Christianam de Reventlow quindecim annos natam in matrimonium duxit. Anno [[1780]] memorandum reformandae Ducatus Electoralis Hannoverae publicavit at deinde [[Londinium]] iter fecit, ut [[Georgius III (rex Britanniarum)|Georgio III]] regi, qui etiam dux electoralis Hannoverae fuit, hanc rem persuaderet. Sed ibi uxor eius amorem cum [[Georgius IV (rex Britanniorum|Georgio]] principe coepit. === Consiliarius Brunsvici electoralis principatus === Qua re patefacta Hardenberg magistratum Hannoverae reliquit et consiliarius principis electoralis [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] factus est. Hoc officio ad annum [[1790]] fungebatur. Inter alia scholam consiliis [[Ioannes Henricus Pestalozzi|Pestalozzi]] reformandam proposuit. Anno [[1790]] divortium fecit cum prima uxore et Sophia de Lenthe duxit. === Administer Onoldi-Baruthi === Ab anno 1790 administer fuit principatus Onoldi-Baruthi factus est et foedere cum principe stipulavit, ut haec civitas [[Borussia]]e venderetur. [[5 Aprilis]] [[1795]] pro Borussia [[Basilia]]e [[Pax Basiliensis|Pacem]] cum [[Francia]] signavit. Hardenberg ad annum [[1798]] Onoldi-Baruthi mansit et provinciam novam Borussiae constituit. ==Vir publicus Borussiae== Anno 1798 propter pecunias repetundas [[Berolinum]] vocatus est, sed mox fidem habuit apud [[Fridericus Gulielmus III (Rex Borussiae)|Fridericum Gulielmum III]] atque anno [[1803]] administer rerum exterarum factus est. Post [[proelium Ienense]] [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] urgente se a magistratu abdicavit et [[Riga]]m in exilio iit. Ibi consilia Borussiae reformandae dedit. [[4 Iunii]] [[1810]] autem rediit et cancellarius statalis Borussiae nominatus est. Proximis annis aliquot leges reformatorias tulit, ut liberationem agricolarum et legem de libertate commercii (die [[2 Septembris]] [[1811]]). Anno [[1813]], post expeditionem Russicam fatalem Napoleonis, foedus cum [[Alexander I (imperator Russiae)|Alexandro I]] imperatore [[Russia]]e signavit. Anno [[1815]] in [[Consilium Vindobonense|Consilio Vindobonensi]] Borussiam valde auctam adeptus est et una cum [[Gulielmus von Humboldt|Gulielmo de Humboldt]] constitutionem [[Confoederatio Germanica|Confoederationis Germanicae]] proposuit. Anno [[1818]] regem in [[Conventus Aquisgrani|Conventum Aquisgrani]] sequebatur. Post [[Decreta Thermarum Carolinarum]] promulgata auctoritas Hardenberg diminuta est. Tamen cum rege Friderico Gulielmo anno [[1822]] in [[Conventus Veronensis|Conventum Veronensem]] venit. Ibi autem morbo affectus est et iter in patriam faciens Genuae mortuus est. {{Lifetime|1750|1822|Hardenberg, Augustus de}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Goettingensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Lipsiensis]] [[Categoria:Francomurarii]] [[Categoria:Praesides ministrorum Borussiae]] 6smla5ccaxu5e6rgt67scx6gzdyzcw7 0 123141 3987175 3891802 2026-09-10T16:39:28Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Miley Ray Cyrus''' (nata ''Destiny Hope Cyrus'' [[Nasburgum (Tennesia)|Nasburgi]] die [[23 Novembris]] [[1992]]) est [[actrix]] et [[cantrix]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]]. Nota etiam est personae suae, cuius orbe terrarum nota ea quoque fecit, [[Miley Stewart|Miley Stewart/Hannah Montana]] in ''[[Hannah Montana]]'' serie [[televisio|televisifica]]. Nomina [[lingua Anglica|Anglica]] ''Destiny'' et ''Hope'' [[verbum (generale)|verba]] Anglica etiam sunt, ubi ''destiny'' ([ˈdɛstɪnɪ]) '[[fatum]]' et ''hope'' ([ˈhoʊp]) '[[spes|spem]]' [[significatio (linguistica)|significant]]. ==Vita== Miley Cyrus nata est Nasburgi die 23 Novembris [[1992]], filia a Letitia Jean et [[Musica rustica|cantor rusticus]] [[Billy Ray Cyrus]]. Parentes eius eam nominabant Destiny Hope ut efficat credebant res grandes cum vita eius. Ei ''Smiley'' [[nomen per ludibrium datum|nomen]] dabant, qui serior abbreviatus est ad ''Miley'', ut [[infans|infante]] saepe arridebat. Post infantiam Miley Ray Cyrus actricem cinematographicam esse cupivit. Anno [[2003]] partes Hannae et Lilliae [[Series televisiva|seriem televisivam]] ''Hanna Montana'' petivit, recusataque est primum causa aetatis iuvenis. Post paucis mensibus post iterum petivit et profecto primas partes assecuta est. Cyrus ingentem admissionis habet. Evento in serie Hanna Montana comparato cursus honorum musicus coepit. Anno [[2007]] primum album publicavit. Praeterea cum [[Ioannes Travolta|Ioanne Travolta]] in publicum processit. Figuram cinematographicam ''Bolt'' - canis pro omnes casibus - synchronisavit. Anno [[2009]] primam excursionem fecit Miraculi Terrae. In hac excursione in Americos, in Hibernia, in Anglia fuit. Omnes octo concentus in magnis atriis fiebant. Anno [[2010]] promulgatum est, Cyrus musicum cursum honorum neglegere et se spectaculo dedere. ==Cinematographica== ===Pelliculae=== * [[1999]]: ''[[Big Daddy]]'' * [[2003]]: ''[[Big Fish]]'' * [[2007]]: ''[[Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert]]'' * [[2008]]: ''[[Bolt (pellicula 2008)|Bolt]]'' * [[2009]]: ''[[Hannah Montana: The Movie]]'' * [[2010]]: ''[[The Last Song (film)|The Last Song]]'' * [[2011]]: ''[[So Undercover]]'' * [[2012]]: ''[[LOL (pellicula 2012)|LOL]]'' * [[2013]]: ''[[Miley: The Movement]]'' * [[2015]]: ''[[The Night Before (pellicula 2015)|The Night Before]]'' * [[2015]]: ''[[A Very Murray Christmas]]'' ==Discographia== * [[2007]]: ''[[Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus]]'' * [[2008]]: ''[[Breakout (album musicum Miley Cyrus)|Breakout]]'' * [[2010]]: ''[[Can't Be Tamed]]'' * [[2013]]: ''[[Bangerz]]'' * [[2015]]: ''[[Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz]]'' * [[2017]]: ''Younger Now'' * [[2019]]: ''She Is Coming'' * [[2020]]: ''Plastic Hearts'' * [[2023]]: ''Endless Summer Vacation'' * [[2025]]: ''Something Beautiful'' ==Bibliographia== * {{Cite book |author1=Cyrus, Miley |author2=Liftin, Hilary |lastauthoramp=yes |title=[[Miles to Go]] |publisher=Disney-Hyperion Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4231-1992-0 |oclc=244417637}} {{Google books|coJD58ov3vYC|Miles to Go}}. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Miley Cyrus}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091009113132/http://www.mileycyrus.com/ Situs officialis] {{ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.youtube.com/user/mileyofficialonline Canalis officialis] apud ''[[YouTube]]'' * {{Imdb name|1415323|Miley Cyrus}} {{Lifetime|1992||Cyrus, Miley}} [[Categoria:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Tennesiae]] a7rtxkm4x562c2s41xs87dv1ukle73b 0 123776 3987277 3986929 2026-09-11T10:22:54Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latinum 3987277 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[La Vôge-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Aquilina (Sanctus Deodatus)|Aquilina]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Cussiacum (Vosegus)|Cussiacum]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontiniacum]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[Magna Fossa]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Haldiniacum]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadolia]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagericurtis]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancuria]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haraevilla ad Mosam]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Hermonis villa]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecuria]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Haruniacum]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpemons]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Horbacum]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igniacum (Vosegus)|Igniacum]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Gedanis villa]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Ioannis Manile]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubani villa]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Jevancuria]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Marchia (Vosegus)|Marchia]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landini villa]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Aquilina (Spinalium)|Aquilina]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecuria]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Larino]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffodium]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Legisvilla]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lyroncuria]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longus Campus (Vosegus)|Longus Campus]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longus Campus subtus Castinetum]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lussia]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luviniacus]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Macuncurtis]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecuria]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Maldisinum]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malini curia]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Manderae]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Mareinvilla]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Mariacum (Vosegus)|Mariacum]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Monroniscurtis]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martiniacum (Vosegus)|Martiniacum]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mataincuria]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Maceriolae]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Madonis villa]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Menardi Mons]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Mudrevallis]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Montes ante Novum Castrum]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelli Domus]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Murini villa]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mors Agni]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Maurivilla]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Medius Mons (Vosegus)|Medius Mons]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Medianum Monasterium]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompardivilla]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Novilla (Vosegus)|Novilla]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nontiavilla]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Noretum]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Ollevilla]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Audoleni villa]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortonis curia]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padua (Vosegus)|Padua]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Paretum (Vosegus)|Paretum]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargniacum subtus Mirevallem]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Petraficta (Vosegus)|Petraficta]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Petreus Pons]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plenifesium]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pluvesia]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pomperra (Vosegus)|Pomperra]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pons iuxta Undinovilla]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portus Caelorum]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Portus Suavis]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-et-Colroy]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Purneretum]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Radalli villa]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervilleriae]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Rancuria]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Romarici campus]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Radonis curtis]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Rapo ad Silvas]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Rapo ad Stationem]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Vivarium (Vosegus)|Vivarium]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viverium]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] oqtxsy35dlkhvkmsm8bepe0vvfddzm9 0 158199 3987191 3595395 2026-09-10T17:35:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Romagnano al Monte - Italy - 5.jpg|thumb|Romanianum (Campania)]] '''Romanianum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> {{victio|Romanianum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Romagnano al Monte|Romagnano al Monte]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Campania]] et in [[provincia Salernitana]] situm. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomisma aureum civilis virtutis causa tributum]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Campania]], * [[Provincia Salernitana]], * [[Salernum]], * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.romagnanoalmonte.sa.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{communiaCat|Romagnano al Monte|Romanianum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Romagnano al Monte pos SA.gif|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Salernitana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Salerni]] 7ca7q9jo56vh5yd42twwxro24ueajdi 3987192 3987191 2026-09-10T17:38:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Romagnano al Monte - Italy - 5.jpg|thumb|Romanianum (Campania)]] '''Romanianum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> {{victio|Romanianum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Romagnano al Monte|Romagnano al Monte]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Campania]] et in [[provincia Salernitana]] situm. 377 incolas anno 2026 numerabat. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomisma aureum civilis virtutis causa tributum]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Campania]], * [[Provincia Salernitana]], * [[Salernum]], * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.romagnanoalmonte.sa.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{communiaCat|Romagnano al Monte|Romanianum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Romagnano al Monte pos SA.gif|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Salernitana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Salerni]] 4tsp56o42o08eywpdmvlti3ad9ug0kk 0 159199 3987116 3985268 2026-09-10T15:22:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus terrae Cellensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Celle''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Celle''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cellensi]] Circulus Cellensis 23 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'') [[urbs]] * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'') * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'') * [[Südheide]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Winsenia ad Alaram]] * [[Escheda (commune generale)|Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') (commune generale) ** [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') ** [[Habighorst]] ** [[Höfer]] ** [[Scharnhorst]] * [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|Flotwedel]] (commune generale) ** [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') ** [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') ** [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ** [[Wienhausen]] * [[Lachendorf (commune generale)|Lachendorf]] (commune generale) ** [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'') ** [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') ** [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') ** [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') ** [[Lachendorf]] * [[Wathlingen (commune generale)|Wathlingen]] (commune generale) ** [[Nienhagen]] ** [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> ** [[Wathlingen]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Cella]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 4azyz1mi8h95mh3qrdj6bms7i80fzek 3987134 3987116 2026-09-10T15:38:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus terrae Cellensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Celle''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Celle''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cellensi]] Circulus Cellensis 23 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'') [[urbs]] * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'') * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'') * [[Südheide]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Winsenia ad Alaram]] * [[Escheda (commune generale)|Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') (commune generale) ** [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') ** [[Habighorst]] ** [[Höfer]] ** [[Scharnhorst]] * [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|Flotuvita]]<ref name="Flotuvita">Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardpagusinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-250.htm?utm ''koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Flotuvita“''' (pagus), 11. Jh., zwischen Braunschweig und Celle (nach F1-913 wo der große Flotwedel und der kleine Flotwedel) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flotwedel'') (commune generale) ** [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') ** [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') ** [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ** [[Wienhausen]] * [[Lachendorf (commune generale)|Lachendorf]] (commune generale) ** [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'') ** [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') ** [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') ** [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') ** [[Lachendorf]] * [[Wathlingen (commune generale)|Wathlingen]] (commune generale) ** [[Nienhagen]] ** [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> ** [[Wathlingen]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Cella]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] gv066yod87hqfas1z917d0fs8g65qsf 3987150 3987134 2026-09-10T15:46:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus terrae Cellensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Celle''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Celle''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cellensi]] Circulus Cellensis 23 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'') [[urbs]] * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'') * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'') * [[Südheide]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Winsenia ad Alaram]] * [[Escheda (commune generale)|Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') (commune generale) ** [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') ** [[Habighorst]] ** [[Höfer]] ** [[Scharnhorst]] * [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|Flotuvita]]<ref name="Flotuvita">Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardpagusinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-250.htm?utm ''koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Flotuvita“''' (pagus), 11. Jh., zwischen Braunschweig und Celle (nach F1-913 wo der große Flotwedel und der kleine Flotwedel) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flotwedel'') (commune generale) ** [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') ** [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') ** [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ** [[Wienhausen]] * [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') (commune generale) ** [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'') ** [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') ** [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') ** [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') ** [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') * [[Wathlingen (commune generale)|Wathlingen]] (commune generale) ** [[Nienhagen]] ** [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> ** [[Wathlingen]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Cella]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] j8ppay756qdchacubfif9cdw9uwh5zs 3987151 3987150 2026-09-10T15:51:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus terrae Cellensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Celle''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Celle''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cellensi]] Circulus Cellensis 23 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'') [[urbs]] * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'') * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'') * [[Südheide]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Winsenia ad Alaram]] * [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|Flotuvita]]<ref name="Flotuvita">Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardpagusinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-250.htm?utm ''koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Flotuvita“''' (pagus), 11. Jh., zwischen Braunschweig und Celle (nach F1-913 wo der große Flotwedel und der kleine Flotwedel) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flotwedel'') (commune generale) ** [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') ** [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') ** [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ** [[Wienhausen]] * [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') (commune generale) ** [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'') ** [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') ** [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') ** [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') ** [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') * [[Wathlingen (commune generale)|Wathlingen]] (commune generale) ** [[Nienhagen]] ** [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> ** [[Wathlingen]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Cella]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 84nm1p9z5qx21o658alnqag1e7cu0by 3987152 3987151 2026-09-10T15:54:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus terrae Cellensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Celle''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Celle''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cellensi]] Circulus Cellensis 23 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] urbs * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'') [[urbs]] * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'') * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'') * [[Südheide]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Winsenia ad Alaram]] * [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|Flotuvita]]<ref name="Flotuvita">Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardpagusinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-250.htm?utm ''koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Flotuvita“''' (pagus), 11. Jh., zwischen Braunschweig und Celle (nach F1-913 wo der große Flotwedel und der kleine Flotwedel) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flotwedel'') (commune generale) ** [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') ** [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') ** [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ** [[Wienhausen]] * [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') (commune generale) ** [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'') ** [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') ** [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') ** [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') ** [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') * [[Wathlingen (commune generale)|Wathlingen]] (commune generale) ** [[Nienhagen]] ** [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'') ** [[Wathlingen]] ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Cella]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] nofuib0bd4y0ea3ilqq9cawpgnfr6uv 0 159501 3987170 3984537 2026-09-10T16:27:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Escheda'''<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Escheda anno [[1227]] primo tabulis descripta est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum erat. Ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus Escheda, [[Habighorstium|Habighorstio]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Habighorst''), [[Hofera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Höfer'') et [[Scharnhorstium|Scharnhorstio]]<ref name="-horstium"/> (Theodisce ''Scharnhorst'') constituit. Die [[3 Iunii]] [[1988]] casus magnus ferroviarius hoc in communi accidit, quo 101 homines necati sunt. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Eschede|Eschedam}} * [http://www.eschede.de/ www.eschede.de] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] hmmt6jr9l66ggn2347mhe3yw775ih5m 0 159504 3987156 3984543 2026-09-10T16:02:41Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Habighorst]] ad [[Habighorstium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3984543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Habighorst''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] erat. == Historia == Habighorst anno [[1291]] primo tabulis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est. Ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]], Habighorst, [[Höfer]] et [[Scharnhorst]] constuit. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] a7kvxsmihrtlj9n97o7s8jd50ofrjot 3987158 3987156 2026-09-10T16:15:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Habighorstium'''<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Habighorst'') pristinum commune et praesens vicus communis [[Escheda]]e in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Habighorstium anno [[1291]] primo tabulis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est, quod ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche''), Habighorstio, [[Hofera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Höfer'') et [[Scharnhorstium|Scharnhorstio]]<ref name="-horstium"/> (Theodisce ''Scharnhorst'') constabat. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 9d10xx8qp06ueagncixq8adh4h4eayn 3987159 3987158 2026-09-10T16:16:18Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Habighorstium'''<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Habighorst'') pristinum commune et praesens vicus communis [[Escheda]]e in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Habighorstium anno [[1291]] primo tabulis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est, quod ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche''), Habighorstio, [[Hofera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Höfer'') et [[Scharnhorstium|Scharnhorstio]]<ref name="-horstium"/> (Theodisce ''Scharnhorst'') constabat. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] tqzne0bsp24zx9swt8by4hlhlugtqi6 3987169 3987159 2026-09-10T16:27:20Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Habighorstium'''<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Habighorst'') pristinum commune et praesens vicus communis [[Escheda]]e in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Habighorstium anno [[1291]] primo tabulis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est, quod ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche''), Habighorstio, [[Hofera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Höfer'') et [[Scharnhorstium|Scharnhorstio]]<ref name="-horstium"/> (Theodisce ''Scharnhorst'') constabat. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] s8orcinqrkzv6vi8k7m5b3uzoyvpzrz 0 159515 3987160 3984544 2026-09-10T16:17:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Höfer]] ad [[Hofera]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3984544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Höfer''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] erat. == Historia == Höfer anno [[1022]] primo tabulis ab [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrico II]] imperatoris compositis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est. Ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]], [[Habighorst]], Höfer et [[Scharnhorst]] constuit. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoefer}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] nhtqudtocx6z0uxpdplb9mciwnpx21n 3987162 3987160 2026-09-10T16:22:03Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hofera'''<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Höfer'') pristinum commune et praesens vicus communis [[Escheda]]e in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Höfer anno [[1022]] primo tabulis ab [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henrico II]] imperatoris compositis descriptum est. Anno [[1967]] [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Escheda]] conditum est, quod ab anno [[1973]] ex communibus [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche''), [[Habighorstium|Habighorstio]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Habighorst''), Hofera et [[Scharnhorstium|Scharnhorstio]]<ref name="-horstium"/> (Theodisce ''Scharnhorst'') constabat. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hofera}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] mps8hcu4b9lay8dgfiesbjxeap8gxy0 0 159565 3987163 3984542 2026-09-10T16:22:39Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Scharnhorst]] ad [[Scharnhorstium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3984542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Höfer''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 697 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] erat. == Historia == Ab anno [[1973]] Scharnhorst una cum [[Escheda]], [[Habighorst]], Höfer ad [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Eschedam]] pertinuit. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 5q91wpf23rt52qrxsr9h6vg3o1kza1t 3987168 3987163 2026-09-10T16:26:25Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Scharnhorstium'''<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> pristinum commune et praesens vicus communis [[Escheda]]e in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Ab anno [[1973]] Scharnhorstium una cum [[Escheda]], [[Habighorstium|Habighorstio]], [[Hofera]] ad [[Escheda (commune generale)|commune generale Eschedam]] pertinuit. Die [[31 Decembris]] [[2013]] commune generale Escheda dissolutum atque eius communia cum Escheda coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 7xr050hk01vm69k9hpsi26dqy6ahp0f 0 159573 3987113 3981086 2026-09-10T15:17:39Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Flotwedel''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1972]] commune generale condita est. Ex communibus [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln''), [[Langelege|Langelegi]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] constat, ubi et administrationis sedes est. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1972]] fd63pqwn69oycjqwkc1vgapxnxn9wip 3987118 3987113 2026-09-10T15:25:41Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Flotwedel (commune generale)]] ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Flotwedel''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1972]] commune generale condita est. Ex communibus [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln''), [[Langelege|Langelegi]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] constat, ubi et administrationis sedes est. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1972]] fd63pqwn69oycjqwkc1vgapxnxn9wip 3987125 3987118 2026-09-10T15:32:26Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Flotuvita'''<ref name="Flotuvita">Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardpagusinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161123-250.htm?utm ''koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Flotuvita“''' (pagus), 11. Jh., zwischen Braunschweig und Celle (nach F1-913 wo der große Flotwedel und der kleine Flotwedel) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flotwedel'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1972]] commune generale conditum est. Ex communibus [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln''), [[Langelege|Langelegi]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] constat, ubi et administrationis sedes est. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1972]] qndcxccjaihvdvcvd4emawekc6rrpds 0 159696 3987115 3981088 2026-09-10T15:21:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Brocleda'''<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> seu '''Brocledum'''<ref name="S">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande''. [[Hannovera]]e: Carl Rümpler.</ref> seu '''Broclidum'''<ref name="S"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.796 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Die [[15 Augusti]] [[1215]] Brocleda primo in tabulis descripta est. Ab anno [[1972]] Brocleda una cum [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln''), [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|commune generale Flotwedel]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] dodrk7lfyc4t2fb7gay2c8hsglsvm99 3987132 3987115 2026-09-10T15:37:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Brocleda'''<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> seu '''Brocledum'''<ref name="S">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande''. [[Hannovera]]e: Carl Rümpler.</ref> seu '''Broclidum'''<ref name="S"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.796 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Die [[15 Augusti]] [[1215]] Brocleda primo in tabulis descripta est. Ab anno [[1972]] Brocleda una cum [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln''), [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|commune generale Flotuvitam]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] s8geszc811s07tc24j1zrrhle7gln8a 0 159699 3987114 3981084 2026-09-10T15:18:51Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Eicklinga'''<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.796 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Commune e compluribus vicis veteribus - quorum unus iam anno [[1196]] primo in tabulis descriptus est - anno [[1968]] coniunctum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Eicklinga una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|commune generale Flotwedel]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1968]] eytk4jtm1mu3c7pahvyzjh1twqt22qk 3987131 3987114 2026-09-10T15:36:01Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Eicklinga'''<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.796 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Commune e compluribus vicis veteribus - quorum unus iam anno [[1196]] primo in tabulis descriptus est - anno [[1968]] coniunctum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Eicklinga una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|commune generale Flotuvitam]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1968]] pg6es1nhxpfajyzco8qafo88s7d2c2s 0 159701 3987109 3981087 2026-09-10T15:10:22Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langlingen]] ad [[Langelege]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3981087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Langlingen''' est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2.226 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]. == Historia == Oppidum anno [[1257]] primo in tabulis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Langlingen una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|commune generale Flotwedel]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] 4dwicabio1kb0dl7aho03r00ipekh0x 3987111 3987109 2026-09-10T15:12:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Langelege'''<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2.226 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]. == Historia == Langelege anno [[1257]] primo in tabulis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Langelege una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|commune generale Flotwedel]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] reyehe9il7dhnz94cxovy2n9ei8il1p 3987128 3987111 2026-09-10T15:34:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Langelege'''<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2.226 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]. == Historia == Langelege anno [[1257]] primo in tabulis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Langelege una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') atque [[Wienhausen]] ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|commune generale Flotuvitam]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] l0sbtlyxul3szjsrlwbmy7fwfuly5z9 0 159702 3987112 3981085 2026-09-10T15:14:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3987112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Wienhausen''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 4.126 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Vicus ''Huginhusen'' anno [[1052]] primo in tabulis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Wienhausen una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') atque [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ad [[Flotwedel (commune generale)|commune generale Flotwedel]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] qv89wwmy47y3s1dy56kywvvd0pfbbez 3987126 3987112 2026-09-10T15:34:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Wienhausen''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 4.126 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Vicus ''Huginhusen'' anno [[1052]] primo in tabulis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1972]] Wienhausen una cum [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel''), [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'') atque [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'') ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)|commune generale Flotuvitam]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] lfihmaa8p2xyhjkc12at6rxoychnzw0 0 159705 3987143 3985265 2026-09-10T15:44:05Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Alrebekesa'''<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> seu '''Alrebachium'''<ref name="B">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De antiquis pagis, rivis et parochiis ditionis Cellensis (Caput de Alrebachio)''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> seu '''Alrebecum'''<ref name="B"/> (Theodisce ''Ahnsbeck'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.653 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1197]] Alrebekesa vicus primo in tabulis descriptus est. Ab anno [[1973]] Alrebekesa una cum [[Bedenbostelum|Bedenbostelo]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel''), [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen''), [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') atque [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') ad [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|commune generale Lachendorfium]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] orcf2xr7n4ycknhxukv1cnfb7d1vtnt 0 159809 3987146 3985267 2026-09-10T15:45:04Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Bedenbostelum'''<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> seu '''Begenborstelda'''<ref>Lünzel, H. A. (1858). ''Die ältere Diöcese Hildesheim: beschrieben und mit historischen Erläuterungen versehen''. Gerstenberg'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> seu '''Beginburstalla'''<ref>Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band I. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel. archive.org.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.054 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1051]] Bedenbostelum primo in tabulis [[Henricus III (imperator)|Henrici III]] imperatoris descriptum est. Ab anno [[1973]] Bedenbostelum una cum [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck''), [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen''), [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') atque [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') ad [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|commune generale Lachendorfium]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] az15ernvu0q49wb4i843tvv31rc999s 0 159810 3987139 3985264 2026-09-10T15:41:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Eldinga'''<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2.158 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1231]] "''Elthinge''" vicus primo in tabulis descripta est. Anno [[1543]] confessio [[Martinus Luther|Lutherana]] ab incolis accepta est. Ab anno [[1973]] Eldingen una cum [[Bedenbostelum|Bedenbostelo]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel''), [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck''), [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') atque [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') ad [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|commune generale Lachendorfium]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] p8nx1qomb2vpbi181q2az704db7sq01 0 159811 3987141 3985262 2026-09-10T15:42:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hohna'''<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] 1.715 incolarum in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1313]] Hohna primo in tabulis descripta est. Anno [[1636]] - inter [[Bellum tricennale]] - Hohna incendio deleta est. Ab anno [[1973]] Hohna una cum [[Bedenbostelum|Bedenbostelo]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel''), [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck''), [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'') atque [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'') ad [[Lachendorfium (commune generale)|commune generale Lachendorfium]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] 238hurac5jyj1cig0tsnffygp1fp7tr 0 160169 3987129 3973940 2026-09-10T15:35:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Munimeri'''<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX (Caput de donationibus Gibichonis de Saxonia in Munimeri)''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> vel '''Aquae Munimerae''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis|Circulo Hamelensi et Petrimontensi]] est. 17 417 incolarum numerabat anno 2025 exeunte. == Historia == Munimeri vicus iam anno [[840]] primo in tabulis descriptus est. Propter fontes salubres anno [[1936]] ''Aquae'' ad nomen adiectum est. {{urbs-stipula}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] by9ckm5vvs854q6k3gwmow950z4ywir 3987130 3987129 2026-09-10T15:35:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Munimeri'''<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX (Caput de donationibus Gibichonis de Saxonia in Munimeri)''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> vel '''Aquae Munimerae''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis|Circulo Hamelensi et Petrimontensi]] est. 17 417 incolarum numerabat anno 2025 exeunte. == Historia == Munimeri vicus iam anno [[840]] primum in tabulis descriptus est. Propter fontes salubres anno [[1936]] ''Aquae'' ad nomen adiectum est. {{urbs-stipula}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2om9rsl3vbwvt4jufe4otg4vqyk4noo 0 160355 3987088 3986680 2026-09-10T13:01:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Regio Hannovera''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Novembris]] [[2001]] ab urbe Hannovera et Circulo vetere Hannovera condita est. Caput Regionis [[Hannovera]] urbs est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in H.svg|300px|right|Communia in Regione Hannovera]] Regio Hannovera 21 communia habet. Haec sunt: * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (33.512 incolae in fine anni 2011) * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (29.833) * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee''), [[urbs]] (20.456) * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (61.652) * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren''), urbs (14.607) * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober''), urbs capitalis (525.875) * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen''), urbs (18.676) * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen''), commune sui iuris (22.990) * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen''), urbs et commune sui iuris (40.413) * [[Lehrte]], oppidum (43.248) * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen''), commune sui iuris et urbs (53.003) * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]], oppidum (45.008) * [[Pattensen]], oppidum (13.944) * [[Ronnenberg]], oppidum (23.304) * [[Seelze]], oppidum (32.939) * [[Sehnde]], oppidum (23.032) * [[Springe]], oppidum (29.055) * [[Uetze]] (20.091) * [[Wedemark]] (29.182) * [[Wennigsen]] (Deister) (14.099) * [[Wunstorf]], oppidum (41.048) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hamala-Petrimons]] [[Categoria:Constituta 2001]] 87f7ivcbvxx3nlh8vhammc54bnfulxh 0 160736 3987080 3986679 2026-09-10T12:50:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langenhagen]] ad [[Longa Indago]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3986679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Langenhagen''' urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]] est. == Historia == Vicus Langenhagen anno [[1312]] primo in tabulis descripta est, aliae partes communis partim vetustiores sunt. Ab anno [[1950]] in Langenhagen aeroportus urbis [[Hannovera]]e est. De iure Langenhagen ab anno [[1959]] urbs vocatur. Anno [[1974]] multi vici parvi ad urbem adiuncti sunt. {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] gxtplpmci22ocq7p0c1n29vuz8dm1p1 3987082 3987080 2026-09-10T12:52:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Longa Indago'''<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'') commune sui iuris et urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]] est. == Historia == Longa Indago anno [[1312]] primo in tabulis descripta est, aliae partes communis partim vetustiores sunt. Ab anno [[1950]] Longa Indagine aeroportus urbis [[Hannovera]]e est. De iure Longae Indaginis ab anno [[1959]] urbs vocatur. Anno [[1974]] multi vici parvi ad urbem adiuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] cowpk0ydc6wfts1p5w12clwqmx13zmj 0 166033 3987204 3986756 2026-09-10T18:21:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Holtisminnensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Holzminden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Holtsminne''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[12 Octobris]] [[1832]] a [[Gulielmus (Dux Brunsvici)|Gulielmo]] duce [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvici]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> est. == Historia == Circulus primo ad Ducatum, deinde ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinebat. A die [[1 Novembris]] [[1941]] circulus Holtisminnensis pars provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e erat. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimo [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulo Northemiensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Northemiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Northeim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Northemiensis-e" ad urbem [[Northemium]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> coniungendus sit. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HOL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Holtisminnensi.]] Circulus Holtisminnensis 32 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'') oppidum (8142 incolae) * [[Holtisminni]] urbs, caput circuli (19.939) * [[Bevernense Castrum (commune generale)|Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern''), commune generale (6056) ** [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'') (3946) ** [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'') (979) ** [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'') (440) ** [[Negenborn]] (691) * [[Bodonis Insula-Collis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref><ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder-Polle''), commune generale (15.375) ** [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs (5546) ** [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'') (1089) ** [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'') (718) ** [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (1590) ** [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'') (861) ** [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') (1912) ** [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') (482) ** [[Ottenstein]] (1189) ** [[Pegestorf]] (428) ** [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') oppidum (1102) ** [[Vahlbruch]] (458) * [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen''), commune generale (7042) ** [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (2701) ** [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'') (671) ** [[Fürstenberg]] (1167) ** [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'') oppidum (2503) * [[Eschershusa-Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> (Theodisce ''Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf''), commune generale (15.375) ** [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') urbs (5457) ** [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'') (391) ** [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'') (1511) ** [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'') (812) ** [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (996) ** [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen''), urbs (3415) ** [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'') (920) ** [[Holza]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'') (629) ** [[Lenne]] (673) ** [[Lüerdissen]] (448) ** [[Wangelnstedt]] (617) Praeterea sunt loca quaedam, quae ad nullum commune pertinent. Quae omnia hominibus deserta sunt: * Boffeshusium<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (23,40 km²) * Eima<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (12,91 km²) * Eschershusa<ref name="-husa"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'') (4,92 km²) * Grünenplan (22,71 km²) * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'') (15,01 km²) * Merxhausen (22,50 km²) * Wenzen (15,84 km²) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Holtisminni]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1832]] 03myahvno6am1pfxqi2wz83rkfo2e25 0 168687 3987203 3984490 2026-09-10T18:19:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Boffeshusium'''<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> [[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] est. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] commune generale Boffeshusium constitutum est, cum [[Boffeshusium|Boffeshusio]] communi vici tres coniuncti sint. Anno [[2009]] propositum communis unici condendi a civibus repudiatum est. == Communia ad Boffeshusium pertinentes == ** [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (2701) ** [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'') (671) ** [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'') (1167) ** [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'') oppidum (2503) ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] kigwewworisy4yvxixot6wn6nb1afv3 0 169441 3987193 3977250 2026-09-10T17:39:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Lauenförde St. Markuskirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Protestantica Sancti Marci.]] '''Lauenförde''' oppidum est [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est. Ad Lauenförde etiam vicus ''Meinbrexen'' pertinet. == Historia == Lauenförde primo anno [[1348]] nomine ''Lewevord'' in actis descripta est. Annis [[1932]] ad usque [[1972]] ad [[Circulus Northeim|Circulum Northeim]] pertinuit, a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] ad Circulum Holtisminnensem et [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')commune generale. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812135043/http://boffzen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=57&topmenu=34 Lauenförde in pagina communis generalis Boffzen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauenfoerde}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] jtridggg6rkn7g55bxq8hdxfxbu4qbv 3987196 3987193 2026-09-10T17:55:03Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lauenförde]] ad [[Lauenforda]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Lauenförde St. Markuskirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Protestantica Sancti Marci.]] '''Lauenförde''' oppidum est [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est. Ad Lauenförde etiam vicus ''Meinbrexen'' pertinet. == Historia == Lauenförde primo anno [[1348]] nomine ''Lewevord'' in actis descripta est. Annis [[1932]] ad usque [[1972]] ad [[Circulus Northeim|Circulum Northeim]] pertinuit, a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] ad Circulum Holtisminnensem et [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')commune generale. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812135043/http://boffzen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=57&topmenu=34 Lauenförde in pagina communis generalis Boffzen (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauenfoerde}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] jtridggg6rkn7g55bxq8hdxfxbu4qbv 3987201 3987196 2026-09-10T18:17:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Lauenförde St. Markuskirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Protestantica Sancti Marci.]] '''Lauenforda'''<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')< oppidum est [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est. Ad Lauenfordam etiam vicus [[Meinbrexa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Meinbrexen'') et [[burscapium]]<ref name="burscapium">Vide [https://drw.hadw-bw.de/drw-cgi/zeige?index=lemmata&term=Bauerschaft&utm ''Deutsche Rechtswörterbuch''] s.v. ''Bauerschaft'', ubi dicitur "(...) '' burscapium'' (...)".</ref> [[Bruggefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Brüggefeld'') pertinet. == Historia == Lauenforda primo anno [[1348]] nomine ''Lewevord'' in actis descripta est. Annis [[1932]] ad usque [[1972]] ad [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulum Northemiensem]] pertinuit, a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] ad Circulum Holtisminnensem et [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')commune generale. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812135043/http://boffzen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=57&topmenu=34 Lauenförde in pagina communis generalis Boffeshusii (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauenforda}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] smi4fbz0gkhs9pemf0jl3h2apzsx589 3987202 3987201 2026-09-10T18:18:12Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Lauenförde St. Markuskirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Protestantica Sancti Marci.]] '''Lauenforda'''<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'') [[oppidum]] est [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgim]] situm est. Ad Lauenfordam etiam vicus [[Meinbrexa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Meinbrexen'') et [[burscapium]]<ref name="burscapium">Vide [https://drw.hadw-bw.de/drw-cgi/zeige?index=lemmata&term=Bauerschaft&utm ''Deutsche Rechtswörterbuch''] s.v. ''Bauerschaft'', ubi dicitur "(...) '' burscapium'' (...)".</ref> [[Bruggefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Brüggefeld'') pertinet. == Historia == Lauenforda primo anno [[1348]] nomine ''Lewevord'' in actis descripta est. Annis [[1932]] ad usque [[1972]] ad [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulum Northemiensem]] pertinuit, a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] ad Circulum Holtisminnensem et [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')commune generale. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812135043/http://boffzen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=57&topmenu=34 Lauenförde in pagina communis generalis Boffeshusii (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauenforda}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 14]] jqqhzvmqx4jcv99gkaxotitqgwbzc59 0 171859 3987089 3983922 2026-09-10T13:06:25Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:De Merian Mainz Trier Köln 026.jpg|thumb|Aspectus Duderstadii (infra) in [[Topographia Germaniae]] saeculo 17.]] '''Duderstadium'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'') est [[urbs]] et commune sui iuris [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Duderstadium etiam vici [[Breitenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Breitenberg''), [[Brochthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Brochthausen''), [[Desingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Desingerode''), [[Esplingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Esplingerode''), [[Fuhrbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Fuhrbach''), [[Gerblingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Gerblingerode''), [[Hilkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Hilkerode''), [[Immingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Immingerode''), [[Longa Indago (Duderstadium)|Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langenhagen'' syntagmate "Longa Indago" latinizari solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Langenhagen''), [[Mingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Mingerode''), [[Nesselroda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Nesselröden''), [[Tiftlingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Tiftlingerode''), [[Urbs Nuclearis (Duderstadium)|Urbs Nuclearis]]<ref name="Kernstadt">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Kern?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Kern'' Latino adiectivo "nuclearis-e"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Stadt?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-stadt'' Latino nomine ''urbs urbis''] vertitur.</ref> (Theodisce ''Kernstadt''), [[Werxhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> (Theodisce ''Werxhausen'') atque [[Westeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Westerode'') pertinent. == Historia == Die [[16 Septembris]] [[939]], Duderstadium primo in actis descripta est. Ab anno [[1366]] ad usque [[1802]] urbs ad [[Dioecesis Moguntina|Dioecesim Moguntinam]] pertinuit. Quare etiam hodie maxima pars incolarum ad fidem Catholicam vergit. Deinde pars [[Borussia]]e atque ab anno [[1807]] [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] fuit. Annis ab [[1815]] ad [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Annis ab [[1949]] ad [[1989]]/[[1990|90]], ultima urbs ante fines [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei Publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] fuit. == Cives clari == * [[Elisabetha Vietje]] (1902–1963), [[rerum politicarum perita]] factionis [[CDU]], hic lyceum superius frequentabat. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Duderstadt|Duderstadium}} * [http://www.duderstadt.de Situs interretialis urbis proprius.] (Theodisce). {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] [[Categoria:Eichsfeldia]] [[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]] 9exiii5vz4tralei4gar5do5srqyei2 0 174527 3987091 3987026 2026-09-10T13:09:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2024|10}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...) ''Walmde Antiquum'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]], Lutterun commune generale dissolutum est et eius communia vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. == Communia pertinentia == Ad Lutterun pristina communia [[Hahusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (841 incolarum), [[Lutterun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (2290) atque [[Walmde]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (967) pertinebant. == Historia == Commune generale anno [[1974]] constituta est. Dissoluto communi generali anno 2021, omnia haec communia supra dicta vici urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] facta sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lutterun commune generale}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] drgmfqaspclg2fg5ku4xigx437lbj3g 0 174583 3987090 3987008 2026-09-10T13:09:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lutterun'''<ref name="NOB X">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar.'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''jus silve, que vulgariter Ludandal dicitur'' (...) ''in villa Lutterun in pago Ventsgoi'' (...) '' in villa que Naun vocatur'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Lutter am Barenberge'') est pristinum [[commune]] et praesens vicus communis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiori]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] situs. Ad Lutterun etiam viculi [[Naun]]<ref name="NOB X"/> (Theodisce ''Nauen'') et [[Ostluttera]]<ref name="-era">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-er'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-era-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-er''' : -''era'' (...)".</ref> pertinent. Ab anno [[1974]] Lutterun ad [[Lutterun (commune generale)|eiusdem nominis]] commune generale pertinebat. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Lutterun vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Historia == Lutterun anno [[956]] ab imperatore [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottone I]] conditum est pars abbatiae [[Gandersum|Gandersi]]. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] factum est. Die [[27 Augusti]] [[1626]] ibi pugna magna [[Bellum tricennale|Belli tricennalis]] apud Lutterun facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]] pertinuit. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] translatum est, quod anno [[1918]] in formam [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae]] redactum est<ref>Solum pars Ostluttera anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pervenit, deinde ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e facta est et cum circulo Goslariensi anno [[1941]] ad Brunsvicum translata est.</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1974]] ad commune generale Lutterun accessit. [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] autem anni [[2021]], dissoluto Lutterune communi generali, Lutterun vicus urbis [[Langelshemium|Langelshemii]] factum est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Lutter am Barenberge|Lutterun}} * [http://www.sg-lutter.de Pagina communis generalis Lutter (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 956]] ja578wqq99jnmf8xskc3d6t2p3r4uk2 0 178140 3987291 3986060 2026-09-11T11:07:44Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Helmstadiensi.]] '''Circulus Helmstadiensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Helmstadiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Helmstedt'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Helmstadium]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Helmstadiensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Helmstedt''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Helmstidde''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1833]] conditus est et ad annum [[1918]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] et ad [[1946]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit, nunc autem ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Helmstadium]] est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (''Helmstedt'') (23.686) * [[Lerin]]<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'') (11.466) * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'') urbs (''Königslutter'') (15.666) * [[Scahuningi]] urbs (''Schöningen'') (11.847) * [[Grasleba (commune generale)|Grasleba]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'') commune generale (4661) ** [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe''), sedes administrationis (2441) ** [[Mariental]] (977) ** [[Querenhorst]] (536) ** [[Rennau]] (707) * [[Hese Nemus (commune generale)|Hese Nemus]]<ref name="Hese Nemus">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Bergnamen Heeseberg, vor 1196-1197 (a. 14. Jh.) ''in monte, qui dicitur Hese nemus'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 307) (...)". Qui mons citatus nomen praesenti communi generali dat.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeseberg'') commune generale (4003) ** [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'') (406) ** [[Gevensleba]] <ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'') (658) ** [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'') (1140) ** [[Söllingen]] (656) ** [[Twieflingen]] (736) * [[Iugum Elmense Septentrionale (commune generale)|Iugum Elmense Septentrionale]]<ref name="IES">[https://www.frag-caesar.de/lateinwoerterbuch/iugum-uebersetzung.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Latina vox "iugum" Theodiscam ''Höhenzug''] et Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&nr=3 "septentrionalis-e"] Theodiscum praefixum ''Nord(-)'' vertit. Latinum autem gentilicium "Elmensis-e" ad Theodiscum toponynum ''Elm'' refertur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nord-Elm'') commune generale (5.792) ** [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'') (826) ** [[Räbke]] (683) ** [[Süpplingen]] (1739) ** [[Süpplingenburg]] (656) ** [[Warberg]] (854) ** [[Wolsdorf]] (1034) * [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]] commune generale (12.232) ** [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959) ** [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') (2106) ** [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -horst : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'') (982) ** [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'') (2620) ** [[Velpke]] (4565) == Coniunctio pagorum == * Powiat Wejherowski ([[Polonia]]) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Helmstedt|Circulus Helmstadiensis}} * [http://www.helmstedt.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Helmstadiensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1833]] qfuw3jywxiivvq1vyvuog5vlyprva5n 0 178777 3987278 3505540 2026-09-11T10:28:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lehre]] ad [[Lerin]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lehre''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. E vicis octo constat: Beienrode, Essehof, Essenrode, Flechtorf, Groß Brunsrode, Klein Brunsrode, Lehre atque Wendhausen. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Essenrode Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in vico Wendhausen situm]] Lehre saeculo 9 conditum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Lhre adiuncti sunt. Anno [[1974]] Lehre - adhuc ad circulum Brunsvicum pertinens nunc ad Circulum Helmstadium transiit. == Cives clari == * [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (natus 1755 in vico Essenrode, mortuus 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.lehre.de/ Pagina communisLehre] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] niaypxjvh6ixmhqvuyq5hvkh58uqup1 3987280 3987278 2026-09-11T10:28:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lerin'''<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. E vicis octo constat: Beienrode, Essehof, Essenrode, Flechtorf, Groß Brunsrode, Klein Brunsrode, Lehre atque Wendhausen. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Essenrode Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in vico Wendhausen situm]] Lehre saeculo 9 conditum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Lhre adiuncti sunt. Anno [[1974]] Lehre - adhuc ad circulum Brunsvicum pertinens nunc ad Circulum Helmstadium transiit. == Cives clari == * [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (natus 1755 in vico Essenrode, mortuus 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.lehre.de/ Pagina communisLehre] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] bbmy97eogkwlbifuidljs5x3qw09lq8 3987281 3987280 2026-09-11T10:34:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lerin'''<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...) ''in Leri '' (...) ''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Lerim'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Lere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leri'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. E vicis octo constat, qui sunt: Beienrode, Essehof, Essenrode, Flechtorf, Groß Brunsrode, Klein Brunsrode, Lehre atque Wendhausen. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Essenrode Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in vico Wendhausen situm]] Lehre saeculo 9 conditum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Lhre adiuncti sunt. Anno [[1974]] Lehre - adhuc ad circulum Brunsvicum pertinens nunc ad Circulum Helmstadium transiit. == Cives clari == * [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (natus 1755 in vico Essenrode, mortuus 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.lehre.de/ Pagina communisLehre] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] 31i38686cv02oytdno9f4be4n1bbvh4 3987287 3987281 2026-09-11T10:56:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lerin'''<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in Maiori Brunesrode'' (...) ''in Minori Brunesrode'' (...) ''in Flehttorpa'' (...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...) ''in Leri '' (...) ''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Lerim'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Lere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leri'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. E vicis octo constat, qui sunt: [[Beienroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Beienrode''), [[Essehofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> (Theodisce ''Essehof''), [[Essenroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Essenrode''), [[Flehttorpa]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Flechtorf''), [[Lerin (caput communis)|Lerin]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Lehre''), [[Maius Brunesrode]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Groß Brunsrode''), [[Minus Brunesrode]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Klein Brunsrode'') atque [[Wendhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wendhausen''). == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Essenrode Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in vico Wendhausen situm.]] Lerin saeculo 9 conditum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Lerin adiuncti sunt. Anno [[1974]] Lerin - adhuc ad circulum Brunsvicum pertinens nunc ad Circulum Helmstadium transiit. == Cives clari == * [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (natus 1755 in vico Essenrode, mortuus 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Lehre|Lerin}} * [http://www.lehre.de/ Pagina communis Lerinis] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] 27qsvfcmg6sjnfutd0hlupommg6sy1u 3987288 3987287 2026-09-11T10:56:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Historia */ 3987288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Lerin'''<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in Maiori Brunesrode'' (...) ''in Minori Brunesrode'' (...) ''in Flehttorpa'' (...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...) ''in Leri '' (...) ''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> seu '''Lerim'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Lere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leere'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> seu '''Leri'''<ref name="NOB VII"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. E vicis octo constat, qui sunt: [[Beienroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Beienrode''), [[Essehofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> (Theodisce ''Essehof''), [[Essenroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> (Theodisce ''Essenrode''), [[Flehttorpa]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Flechtorf''), [[Lerin (caput communis)|Lerin]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Lehre''), [[Maius Brunesrode]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Groß Brunsrode''), [[Minus Brunesrode]]<ref name="NOB VII"/> (Theodisce ''Klein Brunsrode'') atque [[Wendhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Wendhausen''). == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Essenrode Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in vico Wendhusa situm.]] Lerin saeculo 9 conditum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Lerin adiuncti sunt. Anno [[1974]] Lerin - adhuc ad circulum Brunsvicum pertinens nunc ad Circulum Helmstadium transiit. == Cives clari == * [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (natus 1755 in vico Essenrode, mortuus 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Lehre|Lerin}} * [http://www.lehre.de/ Pagina communis Lerinis] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]] am0hc04sfzlixl9u4d2030vw03bxt8k 0 182311 3987117 3639758 2026-09-10T15:24:59Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Marcello Semeraro (cardinal).svg|thumbnail]] '''Marcellus Semeraro''' ([[Montaurunium|Montaurunii]] die [[22 Decembris]] [[1947]] natus) cardinalis et [[archiepiscopus]] Italicus est. A die [[15 Octobris]] [[2020]] præfectus [[Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum|Congregationis de Causis Sanctorum]] est. A die 4 mensis Novembris 2013 munere ''Administratoris Apostolici ad nutum Sanctae Sedis'' [[Abbatia Territorialis Beatae Mariae Cryptaeferratae|abbatiae Cryptaeferratae]] a papa [[Franciscus|Francisco]] praeditus est. Idem eum a die [[13 Aprilis]] [[2013|eodem anno]] usque a [[15 Octobris]] [[2020]] secretarium consessus octo [[cardinalis|cardinalium]] ad [[curia Romana|curiam romanam]] emendandam fuit. == Nexus externus == * {{CathHierBishop|semeraro}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime |1947||Semeraro, Marcellus}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Albanenses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Uritani]] gm8qw3r3b7eefyy6s9rtd9iuqvhlee4 0 183807 3987198 3983971 2026-09-10T17:59:54Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Friedenskirche (Groß Oesingen) IMG 9691.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Pacis Oesinga Maiore anno 1880 aedificata.]] '''Oesinga Maior'''<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] est. Oesinga Maior pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] et ab anno [[1974]] communis generalis [[Wesendorf (commune generale)|Wesendorf]] est. Ad Oesingam Maiorem vici (Theodisce ''Ortsteile'') [[Mahrenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Mahrenholz''); [[Oesinga Maior (vicus)|Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> (Theodisce ''Groß Oesingen''); [[Oesinga Minor]]<ref name="-inga"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> (Theodisce ''Klein Oesingen'') atque [[Zahrenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia"/> (Theodisce ''Zahrenholz'') cum suis locis habitatis (Theodisce ''Wohnplätze'') sedibusque (Theodisce ''Siedlung'') [[Schmarloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Schmarloh''), [[Texia (Oesinga Maior)|Texia]]<ref name="Texia">Nomen Theodiscum ''Texas'' ortum est ex Anglico [[Texia|homonymae Statunitensis civitatis]] nomine. Quae civitas Latine "Texia" dicitur; quo de toponymo, vide {{Egger SL|69}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Texas''); et locus habitatus (Theodisce ''Wohnplätze'') [[Wichelnfordia]]<ref name="-förth">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-fort'' aut ''-ford'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-fordia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ford, -fort''' : -''fordia'' (...)". Quo in casu, suffixum ''-förth'' suffixorum ''-fort'' seu ''-ford'' varians putatur, ergo eadem latinizatio adhibetur. Qua de aequivalentia, vide: Fabre d'Envieu, J. (1885). ''Noms locaux tudesques''. [[Lutetia]]e, ubi dicitur: "(...) dans quelques contrées, on emploie ford et förth (...)".</ref> (Theodisce ''Wichelnförth'') pertinent. == Historia == Oesinga [[1222]] primo in actis descripta est, sed certe saeculo 11 condita est. Tum ad [[Fuldense coenobium]] pertinuit. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1933]] ad circulum Gifhornensem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Oesinga pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] vici Mahrenholz und Zahrenholz cum Oesinga coniuncti sunt. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Groß Oesingen|Oesingam Maiorem}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] lixxgz9oqecq7bjpt9l65jlbsrrtm3l 0 187228 3987121 3429350 2026-09-10T15:27:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Champigny.JPG|thumb|200px|Champigny-sur-Aube: [[monumentum]] [[mors|mortuis]] dicatum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 10077.png|left|thumb|300px| Champigny-sur-Aube: communis tabula]] ''' Champigny-sur-Aube ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 88 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Alba (praefectura Franciae)|Albae]] in provincia [[Campania et Arduenna]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Albae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Champigny-sur-Aube | Champigny-sur-Aube }} * {{INSEE commune|10077|de=Champigny-sur-Aube}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Albulae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Albulae]] 9tdkncs137urny3i44v5ni20rb274hq 3987122 3987121 2026-09-10T15:27:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Champigny.JPG|thumb|200px|Champigny-sur-Aube: [[monumentum]] [[mors|mortuis]] dicatum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 10077.png|left|thumb|300px| Champigny-sur-Aube: communis tabula]] ''' Champigny-sur-Aube ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 90 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Alba (praefectura Franciae)|Albae]] in provincia [[Campania et Arduenna]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Albae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Champigny-sur-Aube | Champigny-sur-Aube }} * {{INSEE commune|10077|de=Champigny-sur-Aube}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Albulae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Albulae]] hdo7kakej8rdjlq7h1rrssd6fy0o8pb 0 187566 3987248 3819335 2026-09-11T01:00:33Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:PS4-Console-wDS4.png|thumb|250px|PlayStation 4 cum DualShock 4.]] '''PlayStation 4''' ([[Iaponice]]: プレイステーション4, ''Pureisutēshon Fō''; [[Latine]] "statio lusoria IV"), abbreviatum '''PS4''', est [[cartibulum visificum lusorium]] a [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] divulgatum. Die 15 Novembris [[2013]] [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] primum edendum curabatur et pars saeculi octavi cartibulorum visificorum lusoriorum est. {{NexInt}} * [[PlayStation 3]] * [[PlayStation Vita]] * [[Wii U]] * [[Xbox One]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|PlayStation 4}} ;Situs officiales * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131211092802/http://us.playstation.com/ps4/ Americanus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130611110601/http://uk.playstation.com/ps4/ Britannicus] * [http://au.playstation.com/ps4/ Australianus] * [http://nz.playstation.com/ps4/ Neozelandicus] * [http://latam.playstation.com/ps4/ Latiniamericanus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615015750/http://www.jp.playstation.com/ps4/index.html Iaponicus] {{tech-stipula}} [[Categoria:Cartibulum visificum lusorium]] ci7m0ymphftp1enn7enc7o6s3xtcqkm 0 195505 3987135 3431538 2026-09-10T15:38:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 71562.png|thumb|250px| Vaudebarrier: communis tabula]] ''' Vaudebarrier ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 232 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Arar et Liger|Araris et Ligeris]] in regione [[Burgundia (regio Franciae)|Burgundia]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vaudebarrier |Vaudebarrier }} * {{INSEE commune|71562|de=Vaudebarrier}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] mf9ae9etemju4i2xna34h890dbddh8r 3987136 3987135 2026-09-10T15:39:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 71562.png|thumb|250px| Vaudebarrier: communis tabula]] ''' Vaudebarrier ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 211 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Arar et Liger|Araris et Ligeris]] in regione [[Burgundia (regio Franciae)|Burgundia]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vaudebarrier |Vaudebarrier }} * {{INSEE commune|71562|de=Vaudebarrier}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Araris et Ligeris]] o2gvj4h3jekgp1bftdxmqsutn9b46e3 0 195562 3987133 3594212 2026-09-10T15:38:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Martellum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Martell Wasserfall mit Wollgraswiese.JPG|thumb|Martellum (Italia)]] '''Martellum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=j70EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=%22Cavedinum%22&source=bl&ots=q69D6kunMY&sig=OGGNhZGujTUZ3F1OqBIIWSOzZOg&hl=it&sa=X&ei=LXv5UY2hKYmk4gTo34GICw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Cavedinum%22&f=false Clerus et Diocesis Tridentina exeunte anno 1826]</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> {{victio|Martellum|i|n}} (alia nomina<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=j70EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=%22Cavedinum%22&source=bl&ots=q69D6kunMY&sig=OGGNhZGujTUZ3F1OqBIIWSOzZOg&hl=it&sa=X&ei=LXv5UY2hKYmk4gTo34GICw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Cavedinum%22&f=false Clerus et Diocesis Tridentina exeunte anno 1826]</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref>: ''Murtella'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Martello (Italia)|Martello]]''; [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''[[:de:Martell (Südtirol)|Martell]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Tridentinum-Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis|Tridentino-Alta Athesia/Tirole Meridionali]] et in [[Libera Provincia Bauzanensis|provincia Libera Bauzanensi]] (''[[Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]]'') situm. Incolae ''Martellenses'' appellantur Municipium pertinet ad [[Vallis Venusta|Communitatem Comprehensorialem Venustanam]]. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Vallis Venusta]] (alia nomina: [[Vennonum Pagus]] vel [[Vennonum Vallis]]), == Sermones == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Anno ! [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ! [[Lingua Germanica|Germanice]] ! [[Lingua Ladina (Dolomiana)|Dolomianice]] |- | [[2012]] | 00,00% |100,00% | 00,00% |} == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Tridentinum-Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Libera Bauzanensis]] seu [[Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]] (''provincia'' ac ''terra''), * [[Communitas Comprehensorialis Venustana]] (''communitas comprehensorialis''), * [[Bauzanum]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.Martello.bz.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Martell (Italy)|Martellum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Cartina Comune BZ Martello.png|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Bauzanensi. Imago:Comuni val venosta-gemeinden vinschgau.png|Municipia communitatis comprehensorialis. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Bauzani]] [[Categoria:Municipia Communitatis Comprehensorialis Vallis Venustae]] g6fjd4xkne6g7t4xc3f84oefooxa6qx 3987140 3987133 2026-09-10T15:42:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Martellum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Martell Wasserfall mit Wollgraswiese.JPG|thumb|Martellum (Italia)]] '''Martellum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=j70EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=%22Cavedinum%22&source=bl&ots=q69D6kunMY&sig=OGGNhZGujTUZ3F1OqBIIWSOzZOg&hl=it&sa=X&ei=LXv5UY2hKYmk4gTo34GICw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Cavedinum%22&f=false Clerus et Diocesis Tridentina exeunte anno 1826]</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> {{victio|Martellum|i|n}} (alia nomina<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=j70EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=%22Cavedinum%22&source=bl&ots=q69D6kunMY&sig=OGGNhZGujTUZ3F1OqBIIWSOzZOg&hl=it&sa=X&ei=LXv5UY2hKYmk4gTo34GICw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Cavedinum%22&f=false Clerus et Diocesis Tridentina exeunte anno 1826]</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref>: ''Murtella'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Martello (Italia)|Martello]]''; [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''[[:de:Martell (Südtirol)|Martell]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Tridentinum-Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis|Tridentino-Alta Athesia/Tirole Meridionali]] et in [[Libera Provincia Bauzanensis|provincia libera Bauzanensi]] (''[[Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]]'') situm. Incolae ''Martellenses'' appellantur Municipium pertinet ad [[Vallis Venusta|Communitatem Comprehensorialem Venustanam]]. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Vallis Venusta]] (alia nomina: [[Vennonum Pagus]] vel [[Vennonum Vallis]]), == Sermones == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Anno ! [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ! [[Lingua Germanica|Germanice]] ! [[Lingua Ladina (Dolomiana)|Dolomianice]] |- | [[2012]] | 00,00% |100,00% | 00,00% |} == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Tridentinum-Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Libera Bauzanensis]] seu [[Alta Athesia/Tirolis Meridionalis]] (''provincia'' ac ''terra''), * [[Communitas Comprehensorialis Venustana]] (''communitas comprehensorialis''), * [[Bauzanum]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.Martello.bz.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Martell (Italy)|Martellum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Cartina Comune BZ Martello.png|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Bauzanensi. Imago:Comuni val venosta-gemeinden vinschgau.png|Municipia communitatis comprehensorialis. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Bauzani]] [[Categoria:Municipia Communitatis Comprehensorialis Vallis Venustae]] fcr3oertiac3bcy45azu15nzrnhvlj9 0 198488 3987179 3887407 2026-09-10T17:02:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3987179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:OuchFlintGoodrichShot1941.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier]] dolorem patitur inter [[iniectio]]nem medicam.]] '''Dolor''' est molesta [[sensus]] [[animus|animique]] passio, cum aut cum quo verae aut futurae laesionis [[textus (biologia)|textus]] simili sit iuncta.<ref>[https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Terminologia doloris renovata apud [[IASP]] ]: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."</ref> Dolor [[corpus|corporis]] fit, cum stimulus quidam textibus nocuit, sed detrimentum textus non semper dolorem affert. Non enim sentitur dolor, nisi sunt receptoria ad dolorem experiendum apta. Quae receptoria cum aliis tum [[cartilago articularis|cartilagini articulari]], materiae cerebri, [[bronchus|broncho]] desunt. Primus doloris gradus in [[systema nervosum|systemate nervoso]] fit, ubi receptoria ad stimulum respondent. Quo facto nuntius doloris per [[neuronum|neurona]] ad eas [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] partes, in quibus dolor sentitur, transmittitur. Etiam fieri potest, ut dolor in systemate nervoso mutetur. Denique dolor in cerebro sentitur. In acerrimo impetu doloris nihil aliud in conscientia morari potest. Scientia disciplina in parte medica, quae dolorem, effectus eius manifestos tractationem studet, nominatur ''[[algologia]]'', eius munus principale ''procuratio doloris'' est. == De dolore acuto et chronico == Exemplo utamur homine, qui forte manu focum calidum adtigit. In cute sunt [[receptorium (physiologia)|receptoria]] caloris, quae nuntium in [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]] transmittunt et, antequam in cerebrum pervenisset hic nuntius, iam manus de foco ablata est. Mox deinde aliquid accidisse percipit cerebrum, quod hoc factum in complexu rerum praeteritarum ponit: quid acciderit et cur, quaeritat. Denique consilium capit apposite faciendi. Hoc loco iam de foco ablata est manus. Sed nihilo minus operae pretium erat manum in aquam gelidam immergere ad dolorem mitigandum ac, ne fiat ambustio, prospiciendum. Nam provisum est [[evolutio]]ne, ut, si venerit [[trauma grave|grave trauma]], praesto sit spatium temporis (fortasse semihorae spatium) quo dolor plus minusve aberit. Ubi aegrotus in tuto se esse sentit, etiam dolorem sentire incipit.<ref>Kalso & al. 2018.</ref> [[Anxietas]] sensum doloris auget, itaque fieri potest, ut functio monitoria doloris evanescat. Quomodo feratur dolor, non solum ex genere detrimenti sed etiam ex aegroti ad calamitatem adfectione pendet. Si aegrotus (verbi causa) ex medico nosocomove sciat incommodum mox transiturum esse, ea cognitione iam mitigari potest dolor. Sed [[dolor neuropathicus]], qui ex primaria laesione periphericae centralisve systematis nervosi oritur, qualitatem vitae magnopere reducere potest.<ref>Beniczky & al. 2005.</ref> == Machinatio == [[Systema nervosum|Systemati nervoso]] facultas [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulos]] dolorosos cognoscendi et interpretandi est, quae ''[[nociceptio]]'' ("detrimentum sentire") nominatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Woller S. A., Eddinger K. A., et al. |title=An overview of pathways encoding nociception |journal=Clinical and experimental rheumatology |year=2017 |month=Sep-Oct |volume=35 |issue=Supplementum 107 |pages=40-46 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967373/}}.</ref>. Nociceptioni ita structurae nociceptiva circumpositae sunt: * Receptoria peripherica, ''nociceptores'', [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] * Nervi sensorii nociceptivi — Fibrae typorum III et IV (secundum Lloyd et Hunt, sive fibrae Aδ et fibrae C secundum Erlanger et Gasser) * [[Medulla spinalis]] — ''systema anterolaterale'': [[tractus spinocerebellaris posterior]] et [[tractus spinocerebellaris anterior]] * [[Cerebrum]] — diversae regiones ut [[formatio reticularis]], [[lemniscus lateralis]], [[thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamus]], [[gyrus cinguli]], [[corpus amygdaloideum|amygdala]], [[insula (cerebrum)|insula]], [[cortex praefrontalis]] medialis (PFCm)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Apkarian V. A., Hashmi J. A., Baliki M. N. |title=Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain |journal=Pain |year=2011 |month=Mar |volume=152 |issue=Supplementum 3 |pages=S49-64 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21146929/}}.</ref>. Secundum originem doloris distinguuntur: * Dolor corporeus — de textibus non neuronalibus extra viscera * Dolor visceralis — de visceris * [[Dolor neuropathicus]] — de nervis sensoriis * Dolor psychogenicus — de systemate nervoso centrali (non corporaliter, quia cerebrum receptoria nociceptica <u>non</u> habet) * [[Dolor psychologicus]] － de mente {{NexInt}} * [[Anaesthesia]] * [[Capitis dolor]] * [[Contentio enervans (psychologia)]] * [[Cruciatus]] * [[Ibuprofenum]] * [[Index Starr doloris punctorum]] * [[Orgasmalgia]] * [[Quattuor Veritates Nobiles]] * [[Miseria]] * [[Substantia P]] * [[Symptoma]] * [[Tristitia]] == Notae == <references /> == BPlura legere si cupis == * Beniczky, S.; Tajti, J.; Tímea Varga, E.; Vécsei, E. (2005) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes. ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' 112 (6): 735–49. * Kalso, E.; Haanpää, M.; Hamunen, K.; Kontinen, V.; Vainio, A. (ed. 2018) ''Kipu'' ['Dolor'] Editio quarta et renovata. Duodecim. *''Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain'', sexta editio: Elsevier, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0_jIJ0w_wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pain|dolorem}} [[Categoria:Dolor|!]] [[Categoria:Sensus]] [[Categoria:Algologia]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} 7aq1yq7fvypcm8w9t39iff64636s6we 3987180 3987179 2026-09-10T17:03:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* BPlura legere si cupis */ 3987180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:OuchFlintGoodrichShot1941.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier]] dolorem patitur inter [[iniectio]]nem medicam.]] '''Dolor''' est molesta [[sensus]] [[animus|animique]] passio, cum aut cum quo verae aut futurae laesionis [[textus (biologia)|textus]] simili sit iuncta.<ref>[https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Terminologia doloris renovata apud [[IASP]] ]: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."</ref> Dolor [[corpus|corporis]] fit, cum stimulus quidam textibus nocuit, sed detrimentum textus non semper dolorem affert. Non enim sentitur dolor, nisi sunt receptoria ad dolorem experiendum apta. Quae receptoria cum aliis tum [[cartilago articularis|cartilagini articulari]], materiae cerebri, [[bronchus|broncho]] desunt. Primus doloris gradus in [[systema nervosum|systemate nervoso]] fit, ubi receptoria ad stimulum respondent. Quo facto nuntius doloris per [[neuronum|neurona]] ad eas [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] partes, in quibus dolor sentitur, transmittitur. Etiam fieri potest, ut dolor in systemate nervoso mutetur. Denique dolor in cerebro sentitur. In acerrimo impetu doloris nihil aliud in conscientia morari potest. Scientia disciplina in parte medica, quae dolorem, effectus eius manifestos tractationem studet, nominatur ''[[algologia]]'', eius munus principale ''procuratio doloris'' est. == De dolore acuto et chronico == Exemplo utamur homine, qui forte manu focum calidum adtigit. In cute sunt [[receptorium (physiologia)|receptoria]] caloris, quae nuntium in [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]] transmittunt et, antequam in cerebrum pervenisset hic nuntius, iam manus de foco ablata est. Mox deinde aliquid accidisse percipit cerebrum, quod hoc factum in complexu rerum praeteritarum ponit: quid acciderit et cur, quaeritat. Denique consilium capit apposite faciendi. Hoc loco iam de foco ablata est manus. Sed nihilo minus operae pretium erat manum in aquam gelidam immergere ad dolorem mitigandum ac, ne fiat ambustio, prospiciendum. Nam provisum est [[evolutio]]ne, ut, si venerit [[trauma grave|grave trauma]], praesto sit spatium temporis (fortasse semihorae spatium) quo dolor plus minusve aberit. Ubi aegrotus in tuto se esse sentit, etiam dolorem sentire incipit.<ref>Kalso & al. 2018.</ref> [[Anxietas]] sensum doloris auget, itaque fieri potest, ut functio monitoria doloris evanescat. Quomodo feratur dolor, non solum ex genere detrimenti sed etiam ex aegroti ad calamitatem adfectione pendet. Si aegrotus (verbi causa) ex medico nosocomove sciat incommodum mox transiturum esse, ea cognitione iam mitigari potest dolor. Sed [[dolor neuropathicus]], qui ex primaria laesione periphericae centralisve systematis nervosi oritur, qualitatem vitae magnopere reducere potest.<ref>Beniczky & al. 2005.</ref> == Machinatio == [[Systema nervosum|Systemati nervoso]] facultas [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulos]] dolorosos cognoscendi et interpretandi est, quae ''[[nociceptio]]'' ("detrimentum sentire") nominatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Woller S. A., Eddinger K. A., et al. |title=An overview of pathways encoding nociception |journal=Clinical and experimental rheumatology |year=2017 |month=Sep-Oct |volume=35 |issue=Supplementum 107 |pages=40-46 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967373/}}.</ref>. Nociceptioni ita structurae nociceptiva circumpositae sunt: * Receptoria peripherica, ''nociceptores'', [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] * Nervi sensorii nociceptivi — Fibrae typorum III et IV (secundum Lloyd et Hunt, sive fibrae Aδ et fibrae C secundum Erlanger et Gasser) * [[Medulla spinalis]] — ''systema anterolaterale'': [[tractus spinocerebellaris posterior]] et [[tractus spinocerebellaris anterior]] * [[Cerebrum]] — diversae regiones ut [[formatio reticularis]], [[lemniscus lateralis]], [[thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamus]], [[gyrus cinguli]], [[corpus amygdaloideum|amygdala]], [[insula (cerebrum)|insula]], [[cortex praefrontalis]] medialis (PFCm)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Apkarian V. A., Hashmi J. A., Baliki M. N. |title=Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain |journal=Pain |year=2011 |month=Mar |volume=152 |issue=Supplementum 3 |pages=S49-64 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21146929/}}.</ref>. Secundum originem doloris distinguuntur: * Dolor corporeus — de textibus non neuronalibus extra viscera * Dolor visceralis — de visceris * [[Dolor neuropathicus]] — de nervis sensoriis * Dolor psychogenicus — de systemate nervoso centrali (non corporaliter, quia cerebrum receptoria nociceptica <u>non</u> habet) * [[Dolor psychologicus]] － de mente {{NexInt}} * [[Anaesthesia]] * [[Capitis dolor]] * [[Contentio enervans (psychologia)]] * [[Cruciatus]] * [[Ibuprofenum]] * [[Index Starr doloris punctorum]] * [[Orgasmalgia]] * [[Quattuor Veritates Nobiles]] * [[Miseria]] * [[Substantia P]] * [[Symptoma]] * [[Tristitia]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == * Beniczky, S.; Tajti, J.; Tímea Varga, E.; Vécsei, E. (2005) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes. ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' 112 (6): 735–49. * Kalso, E.; Haanpää, M.; Hamunen, K.; Kontinen, V.; Vainio, A. (ed. 2018) ''Kipu'' ['Dolor'] Editio quarta et renovata. Duodecim. *''Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain'', sexta editio: Elsevier, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0_jIJ0w_wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pain|dolorem}} [[Categoria:Dolor|!]] [[Categoria:Sensus]] [[Categoria:Algologia]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} 0extq750r9y9gb0618xkbh095q0u054 3987181 3987180 2026-09-10T17:06:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3987181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:OuchFlintGoodrichShot1941.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier]] dolorem patitur inter [[iniectio]]nem medicam.]] '''Dolor''' est molesta [[sensus]] [[animus|animique]] passio, cum aut cum quo verae aut futurae laesionis [[textus (biologia)|textus]] simili sit iuncta.<ref>[https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Terminologia doloris renovata apud [[IASP]] ]: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."</ref> Dolor [[corpus|corporis]] fit, cum stimulus quidam textibus nocuit, sed detrimentum textus non semper dolorem affert. Non enim sentitur dolor, nisi sunt receptoria ad dolorem experiendum apta. Quae receptoria cum aliis tum [[cartilago articularis|cartilagini articulari]], materiae cerebri, [[bronchus|broncho]] desunt. Primus doloris gradus in [[systema nervosum|systemate nervoso]] fit, ubi receptoria ad stimulum respondent. Quo facto nuntius doloris per [[neuronum|neurona]] ad eas [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] partes, in quibus dolor sentitur, transmittitur. Etiam fieri potest, ut dolor in systemate nervoso mutetur. Denique dolor in cerebro sentitur. In acerrimo impetu doloris nihil aliud in conscientia morari potest. Scientia disciplina in parte medica, quae dolorem, effectus eius manifestos tractationem studet, nominatur ''[[algologia]]'', eius munus principale ''procuratio doloris'' est. == De dolore acuto et chronico == Exemplo utamur homine, qui forte manu focum calidum adtigit. In cute sunt [[receptorium (physiologia)|receptoria]] caloris, quae nuntium in [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]] transmittunt et, antequam in cerebrum pervenisset hic nuntius, iam manus de foco ablata est. Mox deinde aliquid accidisse percipit cerebrum, quod hoc factum in complexu rerum praeteritarum ponit: quid acciderit et cur, quaeritat. Denique consilium capit apposite faciendi. Hoc loco iam de foco ablata est manus. Sed nihilo minus operae pretium erat manum in aquam gelidam immergere ad dolorem mitigandum ac, ne fiat ambustio, prospiciendum. Nam provisum est [[evolutio]]ne, ut, si venerit [[trauma grave|grave trauma]], praesto sit spatium temporis (fortasse semihorae spatium) quo dolor plus minusve aberit. Ubi aegrotus in tuto se esse sentit, etiam dolorem sentire incipit.<ref>Kalso & al. 2018.</ref> [[Anxietas]] sensum doloris auget, itaque fieri potest, ut functio monitoria doloris evanescat. Quomodo feratur dolor, non solum ex genere detrimenti sed etiam ex aegroti ad calamitatem adfectione pendet. Si aegrotus (verbi causa) ex medico nosocomove sciat incommodum mox transiturum esse, ea cognitione iam mitigari potest dolor. Sed [[dolor neuropathicus]], qui ex primaria laesione periphericae centralisve systematis nervosi oritur, qualitatem vitae magnopere reducere potest.<ref>Beniczky & al. 2005.</ref> == Machinatio == [[Systema nervosum|Systemati nervoso]] facultas [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulos]] dolorosos cognoscendi et interpretandi est, quae ''[[nociceptio]]'' ("detrimentum sentire") nominatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Woller S. A., Eddinger K. A., et al. |title=An overview of pathways encoding nociception |journal=Clinical and experimental rheumatology |year=2017 |month=Sep-Oct |volume=35 |issue=Supplementum 107 |pages=40-46 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967373/}}.</ref>. Nociceptioni ita structurae nociceptiva circumpositae sunt: * Receptoria peripherica, ''nociceptores'', [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] * Nervi sensorii nociceptivi — Fibrae typorum III et IV (secundum Lloyd et Hunt, sive fibrae Aδ et fibrae C secundum Erlanger et Gasser) * [[Medulla spinalis]] — ''systema anterolaterale'': [[tractus spinocerebellaris posterior]] et [[tractus spinocerebellaris anterior]] * [[Cerebrum]] — diversae regiones ut [[formatio reticularis]], [[lemniscus lateralis]], [[thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamus]], [[gyrus cinguli]], [[corpus amygdaloideum|amygdala]], [[insula (cerebrum)|insula]], [[cortex praefrontalis]] medialis (PFCm)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Apkarian V. A., Hashmi J. A., Baliki M. N. |title=Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain |journal=Pain |year=2011 |month=Mar |volume=152 |issue=Supplementum 3 |pages=S49-64 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21146929/}}.</ref>. Secundum originem doloris distinguuntur: * Dolor corporeus — de textibus non neuronalibus extra viscera * Dolor visceralis — de visceris * [[Dolor neuropathicus]] — de nervis sensoriis * Dolor psychogenicus — de systemate nervoso centrali (non corporaliter, quia cerebrum receptoria nociceptica <u>non</u> habet) * [[Dolor psychologicus]] － de mente {{NexInt}} * [[Anaesthesia]] * [[Capitis dolor]] * [[Contentio enervans (psychologia)]] * [[Cruciatus]] * [[Ibuprofenum]] * [[Index Starr doloris punctorum]] * [[Orgasmalgia]] * [[Quattuor Veritates Nobiles]] * [[Miseria]] * [[Substantia P]] * [[Symptoma]] * [[Tristitia]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == * Beniczky, S.; Tajti, J.; Tímea Varga, E.; Vécsei, E. (2005) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes. ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' 112 (6): 735–49. *Howard L. Fields, ''Pain'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=s8RpAAAAMAAJ&hl=fr&source=gbs_book_other_versions] * Kalso, E.; Haanpää, M.; Hamunen, K.; Kontinen, V.; Vainio, A. (ed. 2018) ''Kipu'' ['Dolor'] Editio quarta et renovata. Duodecim. *''Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain'', sexta editio: Elsevier, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0_jIJ0w_wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pain|dolorem}} [[Categoria:Dolor|!]] [[Categoria:Sensus]] [[Categoria:Algologia]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} juwi9jirpu4xhy2hxgliiu6umxu5ka1 3987184 3987181 2026-09-10T17:11:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3987184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:OuchFlintGoodrichShot1941.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier]] dolorem patitur inter [[iniectio]]nem medicam.]] '''Dolor''' est molesta [[sensus]] [[animus|animique]] passio, cum aut cum quo verae aut futurae laesionis [[textus (biologia)|textus]] simili sit iuncta.<ref>[https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Terminologia doloris renovata apud [[IASP]] ]: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."</ref> Dolor [[corpus|corporis]] fit, cum stimulus quidam textibus nocuit, sed detrimentum textus non semper dolorem affert. Non enim sentitur dolor, nisi sunt receptoria ad dolorem experiendum apta. Quae receptoria cum aliis tum [[cartilago articularis|cartilagini articulari]], materiae cerebri, [[bronchus|broncho]] desunt. Primus doloris gradus in [[systema nervosum|systemate nervoso]] fit, ubi receptoria ad stimulum respondent. Quo facto nuntius doloris per [[neuronum|neurona]] ad eas [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] partes, in quibus dolor sentitur, transmittitur. Etiam fieri potest, ut dolor in systemate nervoso mutetur. Denique dolor in cerebro sentitur. In acerrimo impetu doloris nihil aliud in conscientia morari potest. Scientia disciplina in parte medica, quae dolorem, effectus eius manifestos tractationem studet, nominatur ''[[algologia]]'', eius munus principale ''procuratio doloris'' est. == De dolore acuto et chronico == Exemplo utamur homine, qui forte manu focum calidum adtigit. In cute sunt [[receptorium (physiologia)|receptoria]] caloris, quae nuntium in [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]] transmittunt et, antequam in cerebrum pervenisset hic nuntius, iam manus de foco ablata est. Mox deinde aliquid accidisse percipit cerebrum, quod hoc factum in complexu rerum praeteritarum ponit: quid acciderit et cur, quaeritat. Denique consilium capit apposite faciendi. Hoc loco iam de foco ablata est manus. Sed nihilo minus operae pretium erat manum in aquam gelidam immergere ad dolorem mitigandum ac, ne fiat ambustio, prospiciendum. Nam provisum est [[evolutio]]ne, ut, si venerit [[trauma grave|grave trauma]], praesto sit spatium temporis (fortasse semihorae spatium) quo dolor plus minusve aberit. Ubi aegrotus in tuto se esse sentit, etiam dolorem sentire incipit.<ref>Kalso & al. 2018.</ref> [[Anxietas]] sensum doloris auget, itaque fieri potest, ut functio monitoria doloris evanescat. Quomodo feratur dolor, non solum ex genere detrimenti sed etiam ex aegroti ad calamitatem adfectione pendet. Si aegrotus (verbi causa) ex medico nosocomove sciat incommodum mox transiturum esse, ea cognitione iam mitigari potest dolor. Sed [[dolor neuropathicus]], qui ex primaria laesione periphericae centralisve systematis nervosi oritur, qualitatem vitae magnopere reducere potest.<ref>Beniczky & al. 2005.</ref> == Machinatio == [[Systema nervosum|Systemati nervoso]] facultas [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulos]] dolorosos cognoscendi et interpretandi est, quae ''[[nociceptio]]'' ("detrimentum sentire") nominatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Woller S. A., Eddinger K. A., et al. |title=An overview of pathways encoding nociception |journal=Clinical and experimental rheumatology |year=2017 |month=Sep-Oct |volume=35 |issue=Supplementum 107 |pages=40-46 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967373/}}.</ref>. Nociceptioni ita structurae nociceptiva circumpositae sunt: * Receptoria peripherica, ''nociceptores'', [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] * Nervi sensorii nociceptivi — Fibrae typorum III et IV (secundum Lloyd et Hunt, sive fibrae Aδ et fibrae C secundum Erlanger et Gasser) * [[Medulla spinalis]] — ''systema anterolaterale'': [[tractus spinocerebellaris posterior]] et [[tractus spinocerebellaris anterior]] * [[Cerebrum]] — diversae regiones ut [[formatio reticularis]], [[lemniscus lateralis]], [[thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamus]], [[gyrus cinguli]], [[corpus amygdaloideum|amygdala]], [[insula (cerebrum)|insula]], [[cortex praefrontalis]] medialis (PFCm)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Apkarian V. A., Hashmi J. A., Baliki M. N. |title=Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain |journal=Pain |year=2011 |month=Mar |volume=152 |issue=Supplementum 3 |pages=S49-64 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21146929/}}.</ref>. Secundum originem doloris distinguuntur: * Dolor corporeus — de textibus non neuronalibus extra viscera * Dolor visceralis — de visceris * [[Dolor neuropathicus]] — de nervis sensoriis * Dolor psychogenicus — de systemate nervoso centrali (non corporaliter, quia cerebrum receptoria nociceptica <u>non</u> habet) * [[Dolor psychologicus]] － de mente {{NexInt}} * [[Anaesthesia]] * [[Capitis dolor]] * [[Contentio enervans (psychologia)]] * [[Cruciatus]] * [[Ibuprofenum]] * [[Index Starr doloris punctorum]] * [[Orgasmalgia]] * [[Quattuor Veritates Nobiles]] * [[Miseria]] * [[Substantia P]] * [[Symptoma]] * [[Tristitia]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == * Beniczky, S.; Tajti, J.; Tímea Varga, E.; Vécsei, E. (2005) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes. ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' 112 (6): 735–49. *Howard L. Fields, ''Pain'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=s8RpAAAAMAAJ&hl=fr&source=gbs_book_other_versions] ** (curator), ''Pain Syndromes in Neurology'', Butterworths, 1990 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=1LHzAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] * Kalso, E.; Haanpää, M.; Hamunen, K.; Kontinen, V.; Vainio, A. (ed. 2018) ''Kipu'' ['Dolor'] Editio quarta et renovata. Duodecim. *''Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain'', sexta editio: Elsevier, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0_jIJ0w_wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pain|dolorem}} [[Categoria:Dolor|!]] [[Categoria:Sensus]] [[Categoria:Algologia]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} 3qqiq5vgzwrlt9u0xrhesy107u1sbcp 3987185 3987184 2026-09-10T17:14:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3987185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:OuchFlintGoodrichShot1941.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier]] dolorem patitur inter [[iniectio]]nem medicam.]] '''Dolor''' est molesta [[sensus]] [[animus|animique]] passio, cum aut cum quo verae aut futurae laesionis [[textus (biologia)|textus]] simili sit iuncta.<ref>[https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Terminologia doloris renovata apud [[IASP]] ]: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."</ref> Dolor [[corpus|corporis]] fit, cum stimulus quidam textibus nocuit, sed detrimentum textus non semper dolorem affert. Non enim sentitur dolor, nisi sunt receptoria ad dolorem experiendum apta. Quae receptoria cum aliis tum [[cartilago articularis|cartilagini articulari]], materiae cerebri, [[bronchus|broncho]] desunt. Primus doloris gradus in [[systema nervosum|systemate nervoso]] fit, ubi receptoria ad stimulum respondent. Quo facto nuntius doloris per [[neuronum|neurona]] ad eas [[systema nervosum centrale|systematis nervosi centralis]] partes, in quibus dolor sentitur, transmittitur. Etiam fieri potest, ut dolor in systemate nervoso mutetur. Denique dolor in cerebro sentitur. In acerrimo impetu doloris nihil aliud in conscientia morari potest. Scientia disciplina in parte medica, quae dolorem, effectus eius manifestos tractationem studet, nominatur ''[[algologia]]'', eius munus principale ''procuratio doloris'' est. == De dolore acuto et chronico == Exemplo utamur homine, qui forte manu focum calidum adtigit. In cute sunt [[receptorium (physiologia)|receptoria]] caloris, quae nuntium in [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]] transmittunt et, antequam in cerebrum pervenisset hic nuntius, iam manus de foco ablata est. Mox deinde aliquid accidisse percipit cerebrum, quod hoc factum in complexu rerum praeteritarum ponit: quid acciderit et cur, quaeritat. Denique consilium capit apposite faciendi. Hoc loco iam de foco ablata est manus. Sed nihilo minus operae pretium erat manum in aquam gelidam immergere ad dolorem mitigandum ac, ne fiat ambustio, prospiciendum. Nam provisum est [[evolutio]]ne, ut, si venerit [[trauma grave|grave trauma]], praesto sit spatium temporis (fortasse semihorae spatium) quo dolor plus minusve aberit. Ubi aegrotus in tuto se esse sentit, etiam dolorem sentire incipit.<ref>Kalso & al. 2018.</ref> [[Anxietas]] sensum doloris auget, itaque fieri potest, ut functio monitoria doloris evanescat. Quomodo feratur dolor, non solum ex genere detrimenti sed etiam ex aegroti ad calamitatem adfectione pendet. Si aegrotus (verbi causa) ex medico nosocomove sciat incommodum mox transiturum esse, ea cognitione iam mitigari potest dolor. Sed [[dolor neuropathicus]], qui ex primaria laesione periphericae centralisve systematis nervosi oritur, qualitatem vitae magnopere reducere potest.<ref>Beniczky & al. 2005.</ref> == Machinatio == [[Systema nervosum|Systemati nervoso]] facultas [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulos]] dolorosos cognoscendi et interpretandi est, quae ''[[nociceptio]]'' ("detrimentum sentire") nominatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Woller S. A., Eddinger K. A., et al. |title=An overview of pathways encoding nociception |journal=Clinical and experimental rheumatology |year=2017 |month=Sep-Oct |volume=35 |issue=Supplementum 107 |pages=40-46 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967373/}}.</ref>. Nociceptioni ita structurae nociceptiva circumpositae sunt: * Receptoria peripherica, ''nociceptores'', [[nervus sensorius|nervorum sensoriorum]] * Nervi sensorii nociceptivi — Fibrae typorum III et IV (secundum Lloyd et Hunt, sive fibrae Aδ et fibrae C secundum Erlanger et Gasser) * [[Medulla spinalis]] — ''systema anterolaterale'': [[tractus spinocerebellaris posterior]] et [[tractus spinocerebellaris anterior]] * [[Cerebrum]] — diversae regiones ut [[formatio reticularis]], [[lemniscus lateralis]], [[thalamus (cerebrum)|thalamus]], [[gyrus cinguli]], [[corpus amygdaloideum|amygdala]], [[insula (cerebrum)|insula]], [[cortex praefrontalis]] medialis (PFCm)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Apkarian V. A., Hashmi J. A., Baliki M. N. |title=Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain |journal=Pain |year=2011 |month=Mar |volume=152 |issue=Supplementum 3 |pages=S49-64 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21146929/}}.</ref>. Secundum originem doloris distinguuntur: * Dolor corporeus — de textibus non neuronalibus extra viscera * Dolor visceralis — de visceris * [[Dolor neuropathicus]] — de nervis sensoriis * Dolor psychogenicus — de systemate nervoso centrali (non corporaliter, quia cerebrum receptoria nociceptica <u>non</u> habet) * [[Dolor psychologicus]] － de mente {{NexInt}} * [[Anaesthesia]] * [[Capitis dolor]] * [[Contentio enervans (psychologia)]] * [[Cruciatus]] * [[Ibuprofenum]] * [[Index Starr doloris punctorum]] * [[Orgasmalgia]] * [[Quattuor Veritates Nobiles]] * [[Miseria]] * [[Substantia P]] * [[Symptoma]] * [[Tristitia]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == * Beniczky, S.; Tajti, J.; Tímea Varga, E.; Vécsei, E. (2005) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes, ''Journal of Neural Transmission'' 112 (6): 735–49. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-005-0300-x] *Howard L. Fields, ''Pain'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=s8RpAAAAMAAJ&hl=fr&source=gbs_book_other_versions] ** (curator), ''Pain Syndromes in Neurology'', Butterworths, 1990 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=1LHzAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] * Kalso, E.; Haanpää, M.; Hamunen, K.; Kontinen, V.; Vainio, A. (ed. 2018) ''Kipu'' ['Dolor'] Editio quarta et renovata. Duodecim. *''Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain'', sexta editio: Elsevier, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ok0_jIJ0w_wC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pain|dolorem}} [[Categoria:Dolor|!]] [[Categoria:Sensus]] [[Categoria:Algologia]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] {{Myrias|Biologia}} 9vu9wn6ufydmgxzx9yl0qouq3e79l5m 0 199266 3987120 3733264 2026-09-10T15:26:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dora Riparia in Bussoleno, Italy.jpg|thumb|Buxolinum Secusiensium.]] '''Buxolinum Secusiensium'''<ref>Goffredo Casalis, ''Dizionario Geografico,'' voll. V.V.,{{dubsig}} (Torini 1833-1854).</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV,{{dubsig}} De Agostini.</ref> (aliud nomen<ref>Goffredo Casalis, ''Dizionario Geografico,'' voll. V.V.,{{dubsig}} (Torini 1833-1854).</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV,{{dubsig}} De Agostini.</ref> ''Buxolinum Segusiensium'') ([[Italiane]] ''Busoleno'') est [[oppidum]] et [[commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia|Italicum]], in [[Provincia Taurinensis|provincia Taurinensi]] [[Regio Italiae|regionis]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontii]] insitum. Incolae Buxolinenses appellantur. ==Municipia finitima== [[Segusium]] {{NexInt}} *[[Augusta Taurinorum]] *[[Municipium Italiae]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Bussoleno|Buxolinum Secusiensium}} *[http://www.comune.Bussoleno.to.it/ Situs interretialis communis proprius.] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|Signum [[municipium Italiae|mjunicipii Italiae]] Fasciculus:Map - IT - Torino - Municipality code 1044.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Taurinensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi]] 1gstu6q1h0lqi0vbryrp4pvog08m4gm 0 201523 3987212 3941649 2026-09-10T20:08:12Z Javichusoyyo 195663 Alterum nomen Hispanicum etiam scripsi. 3987212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bay of Biscay map.png|thumb|Sinus collocatio in Europa occidentali]] '''Sinus Cantabricus'''<ref>Vel '''sinus Aquitanicus''' in [[tabula Peutingeriana]].</ref>, hodie autem '''Sinus Biscaiensis'''<ref>Cf. [[binomen|binomina]] ''Balaena biscaiensis, Cleonardo biscaiensis''.</ref>, Francogallice ''Sinus Gasconensis''<ref>Cf. ''Gaspephorus gasconensis, Squaliolus gasconensis, </ref>, [[Lingua Vasconica|Vasconice]] ''Bizkaiko Golkoa'', [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanice]] ''mar Cantábrico'' aut ''golfo de Vizcaya'', [[Lingua Gallaica|Gallaecice]] ''Golfo de Biscaia'' nuncupatus, est [[Sinus|sinus]] [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlantici oceani]], qui a [[Gallaecia]] usque ad [[Britannia Minor|Britanniam Minorem]] tenus oram septentrionalem Hispaniae occidentalemque Francogalliae pandit. Haec regio oceani praecipue nota est propter tempestates furiosas. Litora borealia in [[Britannia Minor]]e et australia in [[Gallaecia]] (ubi [[Mons Cantabricus]] sinui adiacet) altae et saxosae sunt, austrorientalia autem, aue interdum [[litus Argenteum]] et [[litus Vasconum]] nominantur. planae, interdum iam paludinosae. Flumina magna [[Liger]], [[Garumna]] et [[Dordonia]] (per [[Girundia]]m aestuarium), [[Atur]] et [[Bidasso]] in sinum se effundunt. Portus in litoribus sinus Cantabrici sunt [[Burdigala]], [[Brestia]], [[Portus Namnetum]], [[Rupella]], [[Rupifortium]], [[Sanctus Nazarius in Sinnuario]], [[Baiona]] Franciae, [[Fanum Sancti Sebastiani (Hispania)| Sanctus Sebastianus]], [[Bilbaum]] et [[Andreapolis]] Hispaniae. [[Sublacum (Liger Atlanticus)|Sublacum]], [[Biarritz]] et [[Fanum Sancti Ioannis de Luce|Sanctus Ioannes de Luce]] sunt urbes thermarum medicarum. Insulae sinus Cantabrici multae sunt, prope ad litora sitae; hae sunt {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Olerona insula|Olerona|fr|qid=Q292568}}<ref>[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=68 vol. III, p. 66]. Vel '''Olarion, Oleroniana, Ullarus'''.</ref>, [[Ogia insula|Ogia]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Regia insula|Regia|fr|qid=Q292384}}<ref>Ibidem, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=244 vol. III, p. 242]. Vel '''Cracina, Crocina, Radis, Rea, Rhea, Reacus'''.</ref>, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sena insula|Sena|fr|qid=Q228472}}<ref>Ibidem, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=364 vol. III, p. 362].</ref>, [[Hoëdic]] etc. ==Notae== <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cantabricus, sinus}} [[Categoria:Sinus Cantabricus|!]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} meojerpogsz8pt78e5o5gbhzwa1epad 0 203265 3987087 3984804 2026-09-10T12:59:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iohannes Stuckius''' (natus '''Johannes Stuck''' aut '''Johann Stucke''' [[Longa Indago|Longa Indagine]] die [[24 Iulii]] [[1587]]; mortuus die [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1653]]) fuit [[iuris consultus]] et politicus [[Germania| Germanicus]]. == Opera == * ''De defensione necessaria s. moderamine inculpatae tutelae''. 1623. * ''De vindicta et defensione''. 1629. * ''Dispvtatio ivridica de ivrisprvdentiae natvra''. 1622. * ''De beneficiis juris cum communibus tum singulorum''. 1635. * ''De natura et essentia possessionis in genere et specie''. 1628. * ''Dispvtatio inavgvralis materiam frequentißimam ac nobilißimam ejus qvod''. 1621. * ''Dispvtatio ivridica de fideivssoribvs.'' 1617. * ''De ivre protimiseos''. 1635. == Lege etiam== * Horst Südkamp: ''Johann Stucke - ein europäischer Gelehrter und Politiker. Eine biographische Skizze (Historische Texte und Studien; Bd. 23).'' Olms. Hildesiae Olms 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13410-9. == Nexus externus== *{{PND|100868134}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stucke, Iohannes}} [[Categoria:Politici Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Iudices]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[Categoria:Nati 1587]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1653]] p3q9f4m2y8psrluh2cqimft5hzwgoea 0 204926 3987254 3571155 2026-09-11T02:16:44Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Pratum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Stia arno.jpg|thumb|Staiae: [[Arnus]] flumen]] '''Pratum Vetus Staia''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pratovecchio Stia|Pratovecchio Stia]]'') est [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Tuscia]] ac in [[Provincia Arretina]] situm. Incolae ''Pratoveternenses'' ac ''Staiani (Stagiani)'' appellantur. Municipio in [[Clusentinus|Agro Clusentino]], historica ac geographica terra, situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Passumena terra]] vel [[Clusentinus]] (''terra''), == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2014]] [[Pratum Vetus]] coniunxit se cum [[Staia]], ut constituiret [[Municipia iuncta Italiae|municipium novum]] '''Prati Veteris Staiae'''<ref>[http://www.tuttitalia.it/variazioni-amministrative/nuovi-comuni-2014/ Communia nova Italiae condita anno[[2014]]: tuttitalia.it. URL consultato il 18 dicembre 2013.]</ref>. == Aedificia egregia == * [[Plebs Sancti Petri ad Romenam]] == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Faesulana]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Municipia abrogata === * [[Pratum Vetus]], * [[Staia]], === Fractiones === * [[Pratum Vetus]], * [[Staia]] (''sedes municipalis''), ''Casalino, Gualdo, Lonnano, Papiano, Porciano, Tartiglia, Villa''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Balneum Romandiolae]] ([[Provincia Foroliviensis et Caesenas|FC]]), * [[Castrum Sancti Nicolai]], * [[Castrum Pelaghi]] et [[Pelaghus]] ([[Provincia Florentina|FI]]), * [[Fanum Sancti Gaudentii]] ([[Provincia Florentina|FI]]), * [[Fanum Sanctae Sophiae (Aemilia-Romania)|Fanum Sanctae Sophiae]] ([[Provincia Foroliviensis-Caesenas|FC]]) * [[Mons Miniarius]] et [[Mons Miliarius]], * [[Popium]] vel [[Puppium]], * [[Rufina (Italia)|Rufina]] ([[Provincia Florentina|FI]]), * [[Unda (Italia)|Unda]] ([[Provincia Florentina|FI]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Tuscia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Arretina]], * [[Passumena terra]] vel [[Clusentinus]] (''terra''), * [[Arretium]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipia iuncta Italiae]], * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080424051912/http://www.comune.stia.ar.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Pratovecchio Stia|Pratum Vetus Staiam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Pratovecchio Stia (province of Arezzo, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Arretina. Imago:Pieve di romena.jpg|[[Plebs Sancti Petri ad Romenam]] Imago:Stia 004.JPG|Staiae. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pratum Vetus Staia| ]] 77kq3phfq1ydgmsjuy97iyjvyzrnan2 2 205390 3987148 3987038 2026-09-10T15:46:08Z Maria.martelli 20183 3987148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monitus de harenario usoris|f}} itle=sir_Nathaniel_Bacon|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|series=Dictionnaire de la Peinture Larousse|year=2020|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/Zyl/155022|author=|title=les Van Zyl|accessdate=11 Iulii 2017|series=Encyclopédie Larousse|year=2017|language=Francice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-nathaniel-bacon-2370|author=Terry Riggs|author2=|title=Sir Nathaniel Bacon 1585–1627|accessdate=27 Octobris 20205|work=Tate|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Peter C. Sutton|coauthors=Lisa Vergara;Ann Jensen Adams|title=Love Letters: Dutch Genre Paintings in the Age of Vermeer|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=3T6ZUprgU_0C&pg=PA79&dq=Dirck+Hals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=710-UeWgO4LWPdfDgOgD&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dirck%20Hals&f=false|accessdate=26 Ianuarius 2014|year={{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] <!--__NOTOC__ --> <!--{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} --> {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit [[Saeculum Aureum Batavicum|saeculi aurei]] pictrix pictor et [[adumbratio]]nis peritissimus artifex [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] [[Fasciculus:|thumb|right|250px|Forum boarium magnum parvumque, et piscatorium]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Dies festus sub divo'', [[Hydrochroma]] et temperatio supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 96 × 78 cm, 1671, [[Rijksmuseum (Amstelodamum)|Rijksmuseum]], [[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]] * ''Tres fratres Browne'', temperatio et aurum supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 24 × 26 cm, 1598, Burghley House, Stamford<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_Brothers_Browne.jpg Tres fratres Browne - Communia]</ref> * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''In murae testa flores'', [[pictura]] supra aeris lamina, 31 x 21 cm, 1616-1617, Collectio privata<ref>[http://www.wga.hu/html/b/berghe/flowers.html In murae testa flores - The Web Gallery of Art]</ref> * ''Topia collina prope flumen, duo homines in cymba, viatores itinere'', pictura * ''[[Henricus Fridericus Stuart|Henrici Friderici Stuart]] effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 13,2 × 10 cm, 1610, Royal Collection * ''Matronae effigies'', [[Hydrochroma]] supra [[Membrana (ars scribendi)|membrana]], 5,9 x 4,8 cm, 1610 fere, apud Artis Museum, [[Cincinnati|Cincinnatorum]]ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Oliver_-_A_Lady_in_Masque_Costume_-_WGA16637.jpg Matronae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore'', [[pictura]], 47,2 x 71,8 cm, apud Rijksmuseum Twenthe, [[Enscheda]]e<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guilliaume_Dubois_-_Heuvelachtige_rivieroever_-_BR0001_(R448)_-_Rijksmuseum_Twenthe.jpg Topia fluvialia cum opilione et pecore - Communia]</ref> * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Hortus floridus in quo rariorum et minus vulgarium florum icones ad vivam veramque formam accuratissme delineata'', Crispijn van de Passe de jongere et Joannes Waldelius, 1614<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=RhtTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Crispijn+van+de+Passe+II&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1y0jVNysGcKe7gbNnoG4AQ&ved=0CD4Q6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Crispijn%20van%20de%20Passe%20II&f=false Hortus floridus]</ref> * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Anthonii Tuckney effigies'', chalcographia, 194 × 132 mm, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Tuckney.jpg Anthonii Tuckney effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Augustus II Poloniae|Augusti II Poloniae]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1697<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AugustII_young2.jpeg Augusti II Poloniae effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Henricus Somerset, I dux Beaufortiensis|Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beaufort1.JPG Henrici Somerset, I ducis Beaufortiensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Ludlow effigies'', chalcographia, 1689<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Ludlow.JPG Edmundi Ludlow effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Henrici Coley effigies'', chalcographia, 1676<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Coley._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1676,_after_himself_Wellcome_V0001188.jpg Henrici Coley effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Edmundi Gibson effigies'', chalcographia, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmund_Gibson_by_Michael_Vandergucht.jpg Edmundi Gibson effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Eduardi Ward effigies'', chalcographia, 1702, secundum [[Godfridus Kneller|Godfridi Kneller]] picturam sculta<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Ward.jpg Eduardi Ward effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Iacomus Hamilton, I dux Hamiltoniensis|Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis]] effigies'', chalcographia, 244 mm x 155 mm, apud [[Pinacotheca Effigierum Publica|Pinacothecam Effigierum Publicam Londiniensem]]<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton_by_Robert_White,_late_17th_century.jpg Iacomi Hamilton, I ducis Hamiltoniensis effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Browne effigies'', chalcographia, 1678<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Browne_Robert_White.jpg Ioannis Browne effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''Ioannis Partridge effigies'', chalcographia, 1679<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Partridge._Line_engraving_by_R._White,_1679,_after_hims_Wellcome_V0004503EL.jpg Ioannis Partridge effigies - Communia]</ref> * ''[[Eduardus Tyson|Eduardi Tyson]] libri "Orang-outang, sive Hominis Sylvestris" imagines'', chalcographiae<ref name=meyer/> * ''"A voyage to the islands of Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S.Christophers and Jamaica" imagines'', 75 chalcographiae<ref name=holden/> * ''Thomae Wyat effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> * ''Ioannis Baliol effigies'', chalcographia<ref name=bryan/> == Honores == [[Fasciculus:Ordre de Saint-Michel Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Michaelis Archangeli]] ordo ([[1662]]) [[Fasciculus:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|thumb|75px]] [[Legio Honoris|Legionis Honoris]] Eques ([[1846]]) [[Fasciculus:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|thumb|left|75px]] Eques [[Ordo Imperii Britanniorum|Ordinis Imperii Britanniorum]] Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite web|url=http://arthistoryreference.com/a1/60768.htm|author=|author2=|title=Jan Andrea Lievens (1644 - 1680)|accesso=1^o Iunii 2016|work=Art History Reference|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/gersonh.html|author=|author2=|title=Gerson, Horst [Karl]|accesso=9 Maii 2016|work=Dictionary of Art Historians|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/7908|author=|author2=|title=Lambrecht Visscher|accesso=9 Iulii 2020|work=Universitatis Amstelodamensis - Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chalmers,_Alexander|author=|author2=|title=Chalmers, Alexander|accesso=26 Aprilis 2016|work=Wikisource - Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=10&page=130&view=imagePane|author=J.M.Blok|author2=|title=DUBOIS (Guillam o Willem)|accesso=20 Ianuarii 2021|work=Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)|year=2021|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/oosterwijck|author=Noud Janssen|author2=|title=Oosterwijck, Maria van (1630-1693)|accesso=24 Ianuarii 2018|work=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland - DVN|year=2018|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=5 Martii 2020|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Cornelis+van+Dalen&role=&nation=&page=1&subjectid=500031216|author=|author2=|title=Dalen, Cornelis van, I (Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and editor, ca. 1602-1665)|accesso=26 Maii 2016|work=Union List of Artist Names Online|year=2016|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp88710/abraham-meindersz-van-der-wenne?search=sas&sText=Abraham+van+der+Wenne|author=|author2=|title=Abraham Meindersz van der Wenne (circa 1656-1693), Engraver|accesso=23 Maii 2017|work=National Portrait Gallery|year=2017|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.wga.hu/bio/v/vinne/vincent/biograph.html|author=Emil Kren|author2=Daniel Marx|title=VINNE, Vincentius I Laurensz. van der|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=The Web Gallery of Art|year=2020|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.sphinxfineart.com/Zeeman-Reinier-Nooms-called-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=45&tabindex=44&artistid=38786|author=Edward Strachan|author2=Roy Bolton|title=REINIER NOOMS, CALLED ZEEMAN (AMSTERDAM 1623 - AMSTERDAM 1664)|accessdate=9 Iunii 2015|work=SPHINX FINE ART - Artists|year=2015|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1119|author=|coautori=|title=Christoffel van den Berghe|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|work=The J.Paul Getty Museum - Artists|year=2014|language=Anglice}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacob-isaacksz-van-ruysdael_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/|author=|title=RUYSDAEL, Jacob Isaacksz van|accessdate=20 Ianuari 2021|work=Enciclopedie on line - Treccani.it|year=2021|language=Italice}} * {{cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/81168|author=|title=Vincentius van de Vinne I|accessdate=2 Septembris 2025|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2025|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=73861|author=|title=Paul van Somer (II)|accessdate=21 Septembris 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rkd.nl/rkddb/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArtists&search=priref=90557|author=|title=Everhardus Kickius|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|work=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie|year=2015|language=Nederlandice}} * {{cite book|author=David Freedberg|coauthors=Jan de Vries|title=Art in History/History in Art: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Culture|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=arVDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShaKVPToLITtUpDRgugL&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=1991|editor=The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities|location=[[Sancta Monica (California)|Sanctae Monicae]]|language=Lingua Anglica|isbn=0-89236-201-4|pages=382-383|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coautori=|title=Imago Musicae 1986|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=d1AU_FAgVbgC&pg=PA65&dq=Hendrik+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9bzUsS6BqKAywPVl4KAAQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hendrik%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=24 Ianuarius 2014|year=1987|editor=Duke University Press|city=[[Durham]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8223-0723-5|page=65|volume=vol.III}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/peinture/sir_Nathaniel_Bacon/150952|author=|t2003|editor=Frances Lincoln Limited|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-7112-2338-6|pages=79-80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Liechtenstein, the Princely Collections|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA269&dq=Hendrick+Gerritsz+Pot&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zd3zUqjFJYn5yAOKkIGIAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hendrick%20Gerritsz%20Pot&f=false|accessdate=6 febbraio 2014|year=1985|editor=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|location=[[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87099-383-2|pages=269|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Adriaan van der Willigen|coauthors=|title=Les artistes de Harlem: Notices historiques avec un Précis sur la Gilde de St. Luc|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=YCtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA251&dq=Riethoorn&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ-KPcgt_qAhX0SRUIHXe0CHEQ6AEwCHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Riethoorn&f=false|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1870|editor=Les Héritiers F.Bohn|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=251-252|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Roeland van Eynden|coauthors=Adriaan van der Willigen|title=Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vaderlandsche_schilderkunst/#source=I&page=93&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1979|editor=B.M.Israel|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=90-6078-077-9|pages=78|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Abraham Jacob van der Aa|coauthors=Karel Johan Reinier van Harderwijk;Gilles Dionysius Jacobus Schotel|title=Biografisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa/#source=aa__001biog19_01.xml&page=340&view=imagePane|accessdate=28 Iulii 2020|year=1874|editor=J.J. van Brederode|location=[[Harlemum|Harlemi]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=338|volume=vol.XVI°}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=A biographical and critical dictionary of painters and engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA751&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=751|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Bryan|coauthors=George Stanley|title=Dictionary of painters and engravers, biographical and critical|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=07Q-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA742&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1865|editor=H.G.Bohn|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=122|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Shearjashub Spooner|coauthors=|title=A biographical history of the fine arts, or, Memoirs of the lives and works of the most eminent painters, engraveras, sculptors and architects|url=ttps://books.google.it/books?id=dgw8AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA908&dq=Paul+van+Somer+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Paul%20van%20Somer%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=21 Septembris 2016|year=1865|editor=J.W.Bouton|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|pages=908|volume=vol.II°}} * {{cite book|author=J.W. Frederiks|coauthors=|title=Dutch Silver: Wrougt Plate of North and South-Holland from the Renaissance|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dnHyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Hieronymus+Wierix&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBmoVChMIhouQ5sj5xwIVq5xyCh16fgz3#v=onepage&q=Hieronymus%20Wierix&f=false|accessdate=28 Septembris 2015|year=1958|editor= Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht|location=[[Haga]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-94-010-3699-3|page=3|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Sheila D. Muller|coauthors=|title=Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ZPhLoy0FICMC&pg=PA299&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2011|editor=Routledge|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-8153-0065-4|page=299|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=JG Frederiks|coauthors=F. Jos van den Branden|title=Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01_01/bran038biog01_01_3320.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1888-1891|editor=LJ Veen|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=GJ van Bork|coauthors=PJ Verkruijsse|title=De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs van middeleeuwen tot heden met inbegrip van de Friese auteurs|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bork001nede01_01/bork001nede01_01_1071.php|accessdate=10 Iulii 2014|year=1985|editor=De Haan|location=[[Weesp]]|language=Nederlandice|isbn=|pages=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=[[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]]|coauthors=Walter A. Liedtke|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC&pg=PA28&dq=Christoffel+van+den+Berghe&hl=it&sa=X&ei=t4HFU9GuEuHjywOg8oDQCA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Christoffel%20van%20den%20Berghe&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2014|year=2007|editor==Yale University Press|location=[[New Haven]] e [[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-300-12028-8|pages=28-30|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Hans-Joachim Raupp|coauthors=|title=Stilleben und Tierstücke|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=tIdzwQuVNNwC&pg=PA220&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Ryckhals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bc_OU_zkMovYPKntgaAC&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ryckhals&f=false|accessdate=1º Augusti 2014|year=2004|editor=Lit Verlag|location=[[Münster]]|language=Germanice|isbn=3-8258-2239-7|page=220|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Augustine Jal|coauthors=|title=Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire|url=http://books.google.it/books?id=WcwKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Mathieu+Le+Nain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jwZUVJ7GBKvA7Abx9YDgBA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mathieu%20Le%20Nain&f=false|accessdate=13 Novembris 2014|year=1867|editor=Henri Plon|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|pages=767-768|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Eric Jorink|coauthors=|title=Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, 1575-1715|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=XAiEMHlll9QC&pg=PA201&dq=Johannes+Goedaert&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KsKIVMP8FIHSPe2JgZAG&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Goedaert&f=false|accessdate=26 Dicembris 2014|year=2010|editor=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-9004-18671-2|pages=201-209|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Alexander Chalmers|coauthors=|title=The General biographical dictionary|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=79QvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA386&dq=David+Loggan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RyjVVPLNIYGqUe2Jg_AO&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=David%20Loggan&f=false|accessdate=26 Februarii 2015|year=1815|editor=Nichols, Son and Bentley|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=386|volume=vol.XX°}} * {{cite book|author=Arthur M. Hind|coauthors=|title=A History of Engraving and Etching|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=fnhpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Cornelis+van+Dalen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornelis%20van%20Dalen&f=false|accessdate=26 Maii 2015|year=2011|editor=Dover Publications Inc.|location=[[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-486-20954-7|pages=150|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Cyril William Hunter|coauthors=|title=Printed Images in Early Modern Britain: Essays in Interpretation|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HO-y92dlu9gC&pg=PA292&dq=Jan+van+Somer&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jan%20van%20Somer&f=false|accessdate=14 Septembris 2016|year=2010|editor=Michael Hunter|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-7546-6654-7|page=292|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Ad Stijnman|coauthors=Elizabeth Savage|title=Printing Colour 1400-1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=C9R0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2015|editor=Brill|location=[[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-04-26968-2|page=207|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Leo Bagrow|coauthors=|title=History of Cartography|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OBeB4tDmJv8C&pg=PA184&dq=Gerard+Valck&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerard%20Valck&f=false|accessdate=30 Decembris 2015|2010|editor=Transaction Publishers|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-1-4128-1154-5|page=184-270|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=William Bridges Hunter|coauthors=|title=A Milton Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=x66M-BoFvncC&pg=PA106&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1979|editor=Associated University Presses Inc.|location=[[Cranbury]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=106|volume=vol.V°}} * {{cite book|author=Ian Gadd|coauthors=Simon Elliot, William Roger Louis|title=History of Oxford University Press, Volume I: Beginnings to 1780|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=2013|editor=Oxford University Press|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-955731-8|page=526|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Oxfordshire architectural and historical society|coauthors=|title=Proceedings of the Oxford architectural and historical society|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=jEJbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=|editor=Parker|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=64|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=Horace Walpole|coauthors=George Vertue|title=The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=0mVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA466&dq=Michael+Burghers&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Burghers&f=false|accessdate=6 Ianuarii 2016|year=1798|editor=Robinson|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=77|volume=vol.IV°}} * {{cite book|author=|coauthors=|title=Benezit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=05C02RhJZCkC&pg=PA319&dq=Edward+Davis+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Davis%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=17 Ianuarii 2016|year=2012|editor=Universitatis Oxoniensis Prelum|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-992305-2|page=319|volume=vol.I°}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Knight|coauthors=|title=Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia"|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=d8RPAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA706&dq=Michiel+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michiel%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1872|editor=Bradbury, Evans and Co.|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=621-622|volume=appendix}} * {{cite book|author=Pieter Biesboer|coauthors=|title=Nederlandish Inventories 1 - Collections of Paintings in Haarlem, 1572-1745|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=1mV6p35NufEC&pg=PA299&dq=Guillam+Dubois+painter&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xobMndPtAhXH-KQKHWdHAA8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Guillam%20Dubois%20painter&f=false|accessdate=20 Ianuarii 2021|year=2001|editor=Carol Togneri|location=[[Angelopolis]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=20-299-340-366|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joseph Strutt|coauthors=|title=A Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical Account of All the Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B14OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA356&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1785|editor=J.Davis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=355-356|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Stanley H. Johnston|coauthors=|title=The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=ff5tJ4EfHhMC&pg=PA295&dq=Michael+van+der+Gucht&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Michael%20van%20der%20Gucht&f=false|accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2016|year=1992|editor=Respublicae Ohioensis Universitatis Prelum|location=[[Cantium (Ohium)|Cantii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=0-87338-433-4|page=265|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=John Gould|coauthors=Horace Walpole, George Vertue|title=A Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Si9cAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=Robert+White+engraver&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Robert%20White%20engraver&f=false|accessdate=31 Martii 2016|year=1810|editor=Gale and Curtis|location=[[Londinium|Londinii]]|language=Anglice|isbn=|page=417-483|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Christopher D.M. Atkins|coauthors=|title=The signature style of Frans Hals: painting, subjectivity, and the market in Early Modernity|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=5hkhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2012|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Amstelodamensis|Universitatis Amstelodamensis]]|location=[[Amstelodamum|Amstelodami]]|language=Anglice|isbn=978-90-8964-335-3|page=162|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Peter McNeil|coauthors=Giorgio Riello|title=Luxury: A Rich History|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=gcowDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT107&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=Prelum [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Universitatis Oxoniensis]]|location=[[Oxonia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-19-966324-8|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Derek Brewer|coauthors=Marie-Françoise Alamichel|title=The Middle Ages After the Middle Ages in the English-speaking Wor|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=omAVJRxb-eoC&pg=PA80&dq=Pieter+van+Roestraten&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pieter%20van%20Roestraten&f=false|accessdate=4 Novembris 2016|year=2006|editor=D.S.Brewer|location=[[Cantabrigia]]e|language=Anglice|isbn=978-0-85991-508-3|page=80|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Titus Livius|coauthors=Ioannes Munnickhuysen|title=Titi Livii Historiarum quod extat|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=HtfArsn_TTcC&pg=PR18&dq=Johannes+Willemsz.+Munnickhuysen&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Johannes%20Willemsz.%20Munnickhuysen&f=false|accessdate=20 Iunii 2016|year=1996|editor=|location=|language=Latine|isbn=|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=AA.VV.|coauthors=|title=Etat civil de quelques artistes francais. Extrait des registres des paroisses des anciennes archives de la ville de Paris|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=oOAKpD0vsF4C&pg=PA11&dq=Jean+Baptiste+Duru&hl=it&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jean%20Baptiste%20Duru&f=false|accessdate=20 Iulii 2017|year=1873|editor=Libraire Pagnerre|location=[[Lutetia]]e|language=Francice|isbn=|page=129|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=David Towry Piper|coauthors=|title=Dizionario illustrato dell'arte e degli artisti|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=tOynfqWxk34C&pg=PA41&dq=Nathaniel+Bacon+pittore&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfyZLajtrrAhXkAhAIHWIyAAIQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Nathaniel%20Bacon%20pittore&f=false|accessdate=27 Octobris 2020|year=1984|editor=Gremese|location=[[Roma]]e|language=Italice|isbn=88-7742-422-2|page=41|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} * [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90-655549/ Alexander Chalmers in WorldCat] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken?q=%20Riethoorn&v=&s=&ondisplay=False&ii=0&p=1 Ioannes Riethoorn in Amstelodami Rijksmuseum] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://www.artnet.com/artists/vincent-laurensz-van-der-vinne-the-elder/ Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/jean-baptiste-durup/past-auction-results Ioannes Baptista Durup in Artnet] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00205/sir-nathaniel-bacon?search=sas&sText=Nathaniel+Bacon Nathanael Bacon in The National Portrait Gallery] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vinne_vincent_laurensz_van_der.html Vincentius Laurensz. van der Vinne I in Artcyclopedia] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/search/list?base=%5B%22Collections%20des%20mus%C3%A9es%20de%20France%20%28Joconde%29%22%5D&mainSearch=%22Guillam%20Dubois%22 Gulielmus Dubois - Base Joconde] {{Ling|Francice}} * [http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/artist/2142564356 Petrus de Roestraeten in Scholars Resource] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz83861.html#indexcontent Lambertus de Visscher in Deutsche Biographie] {{Ling|Theodisce}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Controllo di autorità}} {{Portale|arte|biografie}} <!-- {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Artifices Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Chalcographi]] [[Categoria:Scalptores]] [[Categoria:Entomologi]] [[Categoria:Cartographi]] {{Attributio|it|Eugène Stanislas Alexandre Bléry|72344825}} {{Attributio|en|Diary of a Wimpy Kid||partim}} ac ==> atque ante vocalem {{NexInt}} {{Nexus nominis}} --> h7yob7p5kgoq9x27xo273chwh02v7y4 0 216135 3987176 3987079 2026-09-10T16:40:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')</small> * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 95md5t9l3w3ggnafz6ztthcuo6rjn9y 3987206 3987176 2026-09-10T18:34:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bücken''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')</small> * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lasdorpe]]<ref name="Lasdorpe">Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur "(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')</small> * [[Lauenbruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')</small> * [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')</small> * [[Lauenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')</small> * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')</small> * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] hlngk8fi1pnyg2kizqov1mqg80kuffq 3987220 3987206 2026-09-10T22:28:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')</small> * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lasdorpe]]<ref name="Lasdorpe">Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur "(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')</small> * [[Lauenbruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')</small> * [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')</small> * [[Lauenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')</small> * [[Leese]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leese''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')</small> * [[Leezdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Leiferde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lembruch]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemgow]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')</small> * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'')</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'')</small> * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Markloh'')</small> * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'')</small> * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rastörpe'')</small> * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rehborg-Locken'')</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rowohle'')</small> * [[Rohrsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rohßen'')</small> * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Swering'')</small> * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Steembke'')</small> * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Staarbarg'')</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stöckse'')</small> * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stoltnaa'')</small> * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Uchte'')</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warmsen'')</small> * [[Warpe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warpe'')</small> * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wietzen'')</small> * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 082awd7ricn1rlb72lg96javaukp2bj 3987244 3987220 2026-09-10T23:26:39Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')</small> * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lasdorpe]]<ref name="Lasdorpe">Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur "(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')</small> * [[Lauenbruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')</small> * [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')</small> * [[Lauenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')</small> * [[Leezdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'')</small> * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Leiferde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lembruch]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemgow]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')</small> * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'')</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'')</small> * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> * [[Lyese]]<ref name="Lyese">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur "(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Markloh'')</small> * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'')</small> * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rastörpe'')</small> * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rehborg-Locken'')</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rowohle'')</small> * [[Rohrsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rohßen'')</small> * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Swering'')</small> * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Steembke'')</small> * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Staarbarg'')</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stöckse'')</small> * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stoltnaa'')</small> * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Uchte'')</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warmsen'')</small> * [[Warpe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warpe'')</small> * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wietzen'')</small> * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 7v7tccjbqpsycq2rs0yaekcrri4p01e 3987292 3987244 2026-09-11T11:10:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Aldendorpevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Alisni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]<ref name="Asylum">Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine "asylum" reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino "asylum" orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', "asylum'". Itaque "Asylum" non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')</small> * [[Aszi]]<ref name="Hermann">Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Aulica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')</small> * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bamwida]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')</small> * [[Bardenuvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Barenburgum]]<ref name="Kolb 1712">Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')</small> * [[Bargstedum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764">Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')</small> * [[Barnstedum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702">Bünting, H., & Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')</small> * [[Barnstorfium]]<ref name="Böhmer 2007">Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')</small> * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')</small> * [[Barsingehusa]]<ref name="Harenberg 1753">Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')</small> * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]<ref name="Mindermann I II 2004">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]<ref name="Landreis Lüneburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Luneburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Luneburgensis-e" ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, & U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ulsenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ulsenensis-e" ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma "res-publica Ulsenensis" apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}"; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')</small> * [[Barunvilla]]<ref name="SdaedhdlM 1862">Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')</small> * [[Barverum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844">Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')</small> * [[Barwedelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')</small> * [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')</small> * [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')</small> * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorfium]]<ref name="AdWzG 2010"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')</small> * [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')</small> * [[Beckelnum]]<ref name="Böhmer 1844"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')</small> * [[Bedenbostelum]]<ref name="NL 1924">Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')</small> * [[Beierstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')</small> * [[Belmum]]<ref name="Moser 1738"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')</small> * [[Belumum]]<ref name="Mushard 1764"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')</small> * [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')</small> * [[Bendestorfium]]<ref name="Bührmann 2005">Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737">Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Celle">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cellensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')</small> * [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Osnabrugae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]", vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')</small> * [[Berga ad Dumnam]]<ref name="Bruzen de La Martinière 1737"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfelda]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')</small> * [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')</small> * [[Bersenbrugum]]<ref name="Sandhoff 1785">Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')</small> * [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')</small> * [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')</small> * [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')</small> * [[Betzendorfum]]<ref name="Bünting & Letzner 1702"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorfum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')</small> * [[Bevernense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')</small> * [[Beverstedum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')</small> * [[Bienenbuttelum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')</small> * [[Bilshusa]]<ref name="Wolf 1819">Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')</small> * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'')</small> * [[Bippenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')</small> * [[Birsina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')</small> * [[Bissendorpum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')</small> * [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')</small> * [[Bliederstorpum]]<ref name="Trüper 2017">Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')</small> * [[Bobentunum]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')</small> * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]<ref name="Heidekreis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heidensis" -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Heidensis-e" Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')</small> * [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]<ref name="Landkreis Friesland">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Frisicus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Frisicus-a-um" ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')</small> * [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]<ref name="Landkreis Vechta">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Vetha" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')</small> * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelda]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')</small> * [[Bodensa]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph">Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')</small> * [[Bodonis Insula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')</small> * [[Boffeshusium]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski VI 2007">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')</small> * [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')</small> * [[Boitzia]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')</small> * [[Bokenstorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')</small> * [[Bokenum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')</small> * [[Borchwega]]<ref name="Rüther 1905">Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')</small> * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')</small> * [[Borna Castra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')</small> * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')</small> * [[Borstla]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1842">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')</small> * [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Braclina]]<ref name="Rübel 1881">Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')</small> * [[Bracum]]<ref name="Kirchbrak">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-acum-i" aut "-achium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)". Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi "Brac" applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')</small> * [[Bramascus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')</small> * [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')</small> * [[Bredenforda]]<ref name="Hoogeweg 1898">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')</small> * [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')</small> * [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')</small> * [[Brincama]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')</small> * [[Britlinga]]<ref name="Udolph 2004">Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')</small> * [[Brochema]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')</small> * [[Brocleda]]<ref name="Janicke 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')</small> * [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')</small> * [[Broma]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski 2014">Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')</small> * [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/><ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')</small> * [[Brunsvicum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')</small> * [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')</small> * [[Bulcova]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')</small> * [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')</small> * [[Brunla]]<ref name="Bode 1893">Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')</small> * [[Bunda]]<ref name="Deiter">Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')</small> * [[Burchardivillare]]<ref name="Janicke 1892">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Wolfenbüttel">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Guelpherbytensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Guelpherbytensis-e" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)"; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur "(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)".</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')</small> * [[Burgdorfium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')</small> * [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')</small> * [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]<ref name="Casemir & Ohainski & Udolph"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')</small> * [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]<ref name="Casemir 2003">Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')</small> * [[Butiadinga]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen II 1876">Ehmck, D. R., & Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')</small> * [[Buxtehuda]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1842">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')</small> * [[Byspinga]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1859">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')</small> * [[Calefelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Calefeldensis">"C" pro "K" ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii "Calefeldensis-e". Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')</small> * [[Castrovallium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')</small> * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clenza]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896">Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')</small> * [[Coeli Porta]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')</small> * [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')</small> * [[Cramma]]<ref name="Casemir 2003"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')</small> * [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]<ref name="Cranenburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' "Cranenburgum" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')</small> * [[Curia Maiorica]]<ref name="Curia Maiorica">Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')</small> * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dalemia]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Dalenburgum]]<ref name="Rzihacek & Spreitzer XI 2024">Rzihacek, A., & Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')</small> * [[Dalum]]<ref name="Janicke II 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')</small> * [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')</small> * [[Damnatzium]]<ref name="Garzmann LXXVI 2004">Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')</small> * [[Danneberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')</small> * [[Danthorpum]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel % Udolph VII 2011">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')</small> * [[Dassela]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')</small> * [[Dedenhusa]]<ref name="-husaDeensen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., & Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')</small> * [[Deinsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')</small> * [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')</small> * [[Dengdia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')</small> * [[Derenthalia]]<ref name="-thalia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)". Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata "-thalia-ae" seu "-dalia-ae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')</small> * [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')</small> * [[Dettum]]<ref name="Egger 1977"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')</small> * [[Dicla]]<ref name="Mooyer 1855">Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')</small> * [[Diddersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')</small> * [[Diekholza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')</small> * [[Dielmissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')</small> * [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'')</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklaga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')</small> * [[Disaldishusa]]<ref name="-husaDelligsen">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. </ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')</small> * [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]<ref name="Hollern">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur "(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)".</ref><ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')</small> * [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')</small> * [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')</small> * [[Dolnere]]<ref name="Dolnere">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')</small> * [[Doristacus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')</small> * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')</small> * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')</small> * [[Dotlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')</small> * [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')</small> * [[Drentweda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')</small> * [[Drestadium]]<ref name="-stadt"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')</small> * [[Drochtersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')</small> * [[Dudanebutli]]<ref name="Lappenberg 1841">Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser & Mauke.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')</small> * [[Duderstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')</small> * [[Dunsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')</small> * [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')</small> * [[Duthungun]]<ref name="Udolph 2004"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')</small> * [[Edemissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')</small> * [[Egestorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')</small> * [[Edewechte]]<ref name="Berger 2012">Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')</small> * [[Eggermuhla]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')</small> * [[Ehra-Lessia]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')</small> * [[Eicklinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')</small> * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-e"/> </small>(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus Hildesiensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Hildesiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Hildesiensis-e" ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')</small> * [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]<ref name="Circulus Holtisminnensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holtisminnensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holtisminni]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Holtisminnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')</small> * [[Eimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')</small> * [[Ekelum]]<ref>Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere "proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit." dicitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')</small> * [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')</small> * [[Elbingeroda]]<ref name="-roda"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')</small> * [[Eldinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')</small> * [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')</small> * [[Embeca]]<ref name="Embeca">"non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga" {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum "Embica", "Embecka" etc. reperis</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')</small> * [[Embsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')</small> * [[Emda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')</small> * [[Emmelkampus]]<ref name="Emmelkampus">Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur "(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')</small> * [[Emmendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')</small> * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')</small> * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')</small> * [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')</small> * [[Engda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')</small> * [[Engelschofa]]<ref name="-hofa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hofa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')</small> * [[Erenburgum]]<ref name="Minden II 1902">Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')</small> * [[Erkeroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')</small> * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')</small> * [[Escheda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')</small> * [[Eschershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')</small> * [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')</small> * [[Essel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')</small> * [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'')</small> * [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]<ref name="Landkreis Stade">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Stadae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Stadae]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')</small> * [[Evergoteshemium]]<ref name="-hemiumEver">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')</small> * [[Everinga]]<ref name="-ingaEvern">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')</small> * [[Eversmeer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')</small> * [[Evessum]]<ref name="NOB 2004">Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')</small> * [[Eydelstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')</small> * [[Eyendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')</small> * [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farva]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')</small> * [[Fassberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')</small> * [[Filsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')</small> * [[Firrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')</small> * [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')</small> * [[Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">De nominibus "Flotide" {{caa|780|802}}, "Flathi" {{caa|1013}}, "Flatide" {{caa|1142}}, "Flothethe" {{caa|1187}}, "Vlothe" {{caa|1189}} et "Flotethe" {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')</small> * [[Frankenfelda]]<ref name="-felda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-felda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')</small> * [[Freda]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')</small> * [[Fredenbiki]]<ref name="-biki">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-biki-orum", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')</small> * [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')</small> * [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')</small> * [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]<ref name="Friburgum">Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo "Friburgum" verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')</small> * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')</small> * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]<ref name="Friedland">Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam "Friedlandia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')</small> * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')</small> * [[Furstenavia]]<ref name="Furstenavia">Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam "Furstenavia" verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur "(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')</small> * [[Furstenberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesea]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'')</small> * [[Garbsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')</small> * [[Garlstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')</small> * [[Garrel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')</small> * [[Garstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')</small> * [[Gartovia]]<ref name="-ovia">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-ovia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')</small> * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')</small> * [[Geestlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')</small> * [[Gehrda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')</small> * [[Gemmegum]]<ref name="Gemmegum">Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')</small> * [[Georgsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')</small> * [[Gerdavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')</small> * [[Gerdinum]]<ref name="Gerdinium">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')</small> * [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')</small> * [[Geteloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')</small> * [[Gevensleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')</small> * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Gieboldehusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')</small> * [[Giesa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')</small> * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')</small> * [[Glandorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')</small> * [[Gleicha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')</small> * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')</small> * [[Godenstorfium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')</small> * [[Goldbiki]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')</small> * [[Goldenstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')</small> * [[Golencampus]]<ref name="campus-i">[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-campus-i"], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')</small> * [[Gorenthin]]<ref name="Gorenthin">Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur "(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')</small> * [[Gorleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')</small> * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')</small> * [[Grasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')</small> * [[Grasleba]]<ref name="-leba">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-leba-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')</small> * [[Grethemium]]<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')</small> * [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')</small> * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grunendicum]]<ref name="-dicum"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')</small> * [[Guderhandviertel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')</small> * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusbornium]]<ref name="-bornium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bornium-ii", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')</small> * [[Gyhum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')</small> * [[Haeslinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')</small> * [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')</small> * [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Haga Bremensis]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Latinum gentilicium "Bremensis-e" Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')</small> * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')</small> * [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')</small> * [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]<ref name="Halla prope Neuenhusam">Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo "Halla-ae" latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m<ref name="-husa"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')</small> * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hamberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')</small> * [[Hambuhra]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')</small> * [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur "(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')</small> * [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')</small> * [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')</small> * [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]<ref name="-ah">Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')</small> * [[Handeloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Handorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')</small> * [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')</small> * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')</small> * [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Uelzen"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')</small> * [[Hardegsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')</small> * [[Harmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')</small> * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')</small> * [[Harpstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')</small> * [[Harsfeldum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')</small> * [[Harsum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')</small> * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')</small> * [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'')</small> * [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')</small> * [[Hasla]]<ref name="Hasla">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')</small> * [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')</small> * [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')</small> * [[Hatta]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')</small> * [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')</small> * [[Hauslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')</small> * [[Haverla]]<ref name="Haverla">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')</small> * [[Hechthusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')</small> * [[Hedebere]]<ref name="Hedebere">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')</small> * [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')</small> * [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')</small> * [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')</small> * [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]<ref name="Heina">Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')</small> * [[Heinbockel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')</small> * [[Heiningensis Locus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')</small> * [[Heinsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')</small> * [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]<ref name="Heli">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')</small> * [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')</small> * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')</small> * [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')</small> * [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen'')</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')</small> * [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')</small> * [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')</small> * [[Hemsloha]]<ref name="-loha">Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-loha-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')</small> * [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')</small> * [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')</small> * [[Herrum]]<ref name="Herrum">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')</small> * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')</small> * [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')</small> * [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')</small> * [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')</small> * [[Heya]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')</small> * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')</small> * [[Hillersa]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')</small> * [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]<ref name="Teutoburger Wald">Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: "... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')</small> * [[Himberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')</small> * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')</small> * [[Hitgera]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')</small> * [[Hittberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')</small> * [[Hodenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')</small> * [[Hohbuoki]]<ref name="Hohbuoki">Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')</small> * [[Hohna]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')</small> * [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')</small> * [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')</small> * [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')</small> * [[Holdunesteti]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')</small> * [[Holenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')</small> * [[Holla]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')</small> * [[Hollnsethum]]<ref name="-ethum">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ethum-i", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')</small> * [[Holsta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')</small> * [[Holtgaste]]<ref name="Friedländer 1878"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')</small> * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtlandia]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')</small> * [[Holza]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')</small> * [[Honengesbuthele]]<ref name="Honengesbuthele">Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')</small> * [[Hoogsteda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')</small> * [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]<ref name="-e"/><ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')</small> * [[Horneburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')</small> * [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')</small> * [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien'')</small> * [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')</small> * [[Hudha]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')</small> * [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')</small> * [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'')</small> * [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]<ref name="hutta-ae">Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo "Hutta-ae", quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref name="Georgius">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Georfii" vertitur].</ref><ref name="Maria">[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo "Mariae" vertitur].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')</small> * [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha] (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')</small> * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ielmstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')</small> * [[Iembka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')</small> * [[Iemela]]<ref name="Iemela">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')</small> * [[Ierichsum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')</small> * [[Iesteburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')</small> * [[Ihlienverda]]<ref name="-verda-ae">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-verda-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')</small> * [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')</small> * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')</small> * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')</small> * [[Isernhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')</small> * [[Isterberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')</small> * [[Itterbecca]]<ref name="-ecca">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')</small> * [[Iuniun]]<ref name="Iunium">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')</small> * [[Karwicium]]<ref name="-icium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-icium-i" aut "-itium-i" aut "-icia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')</small> * [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')</small> * [[Kettencampus]]<ref name="campus-i"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')</small> * [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')</small> * [[Kirchgellersa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')</small> * [[Kirchseelta]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')</small> * [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')</small> * [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')</small> * [[Kissenbruga]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')</small> * [[Kneitlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')</small> * [[Kneta Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')</small> * [[Krebecca]]<ref name="-ecca"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')</small> * [[Krummendicum]]<ref name="-dicum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dicum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')</small> * [[Kusta]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')</small> * [[Kutenholtia]]<ref name="-holtia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-holtia-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laatza]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')</small> * [[Lachendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')</small> * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')</small> * [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')</small> * [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')</small> * [[Lamespringa]]<ref name="Lamespringa">Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')</small> * [[Lamestede]]<ref name="Lamestede">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')</small> * [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'')</small> * [[Landolfshusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')</small> * [[Langelshemium]]<ref name="Chemnitz 1717">Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')</small> * [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')</small> * [[Langelege]]<ref name="Langelege">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')</small> * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')</small> * [[Lare]]<ref name="Lare">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')</small> * [[Lasdorpe]]<ref name="Lasdorpe">Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur "(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')</small> * [[Lauenbruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')</small> * [[Lauenforda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')</small> * [[Lauenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')</small> * [[Leezdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'')</small> * [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'')</small> * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Leiferde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lembruch]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemgow]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Lemwerdera]]<ref name="Rüthning 1926">Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')</small> * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')</small> * [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]<ref name="Ebel 1960">Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')</small> * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Lerin]]<ref name="NOB VII">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'')</small> * [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'')</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'')</small> * [[Lintig]] * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Longa Indago]]<ref name="Longa Indago">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')</small> * [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]<ref name="Longa Villa">Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo "Longa Villa" verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur "(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')</small> * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> * [[Lyese]]<ref name="Lyese">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur "(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')</small> * [[Maius Vrelstede]]<ref name="Maius Vrelstede">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')</small> * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Markloh'')</small> * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')</small> * [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')</small> * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')</small> * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]]<ref name="Mundia Hannoverana">Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur "(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)".</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> * [[Novale Frigidum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oesinga Maior]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')</small> * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')</small> * [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')</small> * [[Palus Regis]]<ref name="Palus Regis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo "palus-udis" vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo "regis"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')</small> * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'')</small> * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Pons Cobbanus]]<ref name="Leuckfeld 1714">Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')</small> * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Pratum Vitulorum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rastörpe'')</small> * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rehborg-Locken'')</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rowohle'')</small> * [[Rohrsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rohßen'')</small> * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Swering'')</small> * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')</small> * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Steembke'')</small> * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Staarbarg'')</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stöckse'')</small> * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stoltnaa'')</small> * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Teuderium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')</small> * [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')</small> * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Theodolfestorpum]]<ref name="Asseburg 1855">Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')</small> * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')</small> * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Triburi]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')</small> * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twilpstede Maius]]<ref name="Twilpstede Maius">Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')</small> * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Uchte'')</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]]<ref name="Ambra">Latino de toponymo "Ambra" (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Vallis">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo "vallis-is"] vertitur.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')</small> * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]<ref name="Conring 1730">Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.</ref><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]<ref name="Vicus Vetus Hassicus">Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Villa Cremilonis]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')</small> * [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')</small> * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warmsen'')</small> * [[Warpe]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warpe'')</small> * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wietzen'')</small> * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worde]]<ref name="Worde">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')</small> * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wurster Nordseeküste]] * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Y === {{div col|3}} * [[Ylsede]]<ref name="Ylsede">Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur "(...) minori ylsede (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')</small> * [[Yppenerdhe]]<ref name="Yppenerdhe">Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur "(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')</small> * [[Ysinibutle]]<ref name="Ysinibutle">Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur "(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] 14015bs9nzr9prd2qka6cw9knjpa9ej 0 216381 3987137 3439458 2026-09-10T15:40:45Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Monument_de_Laire_par_Enrico_Campagnola.jpg |thumb|250 px|Laire: [[monumentum]] [[mors|mortuis]] dicatum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 25322.png|thumb|left|250px|Laire: communis tabula]] ''' Laire''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 388 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Dubis (praefectura Franciae)|Dubis]] in regione [[Liber Comitatus (regio Franciae)|Libero Comitatu]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Dubis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Laire (Doubs)|Laire}} * {{INSEE commune|25322|de=Laire}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Dubis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Dubis]] o0e0qwxz7bml0znemdej3di8qntz2nq 3987138 3987137 2026-09-10T15:41:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Monument_de_Laire_par_Enrico_Campagnola.jpg |thumb|250 px|Laire: [[monumentum]] [[mors|mortuis]] dicatum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 25322.png|thumb|left|250px|Laire: communis tabula]] ''' Laire''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 405 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Dubis (praefectura Franciae)|Dubis]] in regione [[Liber Comitatus (regio Franciae)|Libero Comitatu]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Dubis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Laire (Doubs)|Laire}} * {{INSEE commune|25322|de=Laire}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Dubis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Dubis]] mlwh0jpj10uch5k0i5g0z63hni5y5et 0 221060 3987259 3440863 2026-09-11T07:13:12Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Saint_Didier_Des_Bois_Church.jpg|thumb|250px |Saint-Didier-des-Bois: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Dionysius|Sancto Dionysio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 27534.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Didier-des-Bois: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Didier-des-Bois''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 831 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Ebura (praefectura Franciae)|Eburae]] in regione boreali [[Normannia Superior]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Eburae|Indicem communium praefecturae Eburae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Didier-des-Bois|Saint-Didier-des-Bois}} * {{INSEE commune|27534|de=Saint-Didier-des-Bois}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150217082103/http://www.saint-didier-des-bois.com/ Saint-Didier-des-Bois pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Eburae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Eburae]] 513ing390dkr3vlbqgndokd6xdy20mm 0 233095 3987147 3530690 2026-09-10T15:45:38Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Mellentum''',<ref>"Mellentum" fide fr:wiki</ref> Francogallice ''Meulan'', est urbicula [[Francia|Francicum]] 8'988 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|Evelinarum]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Evelinarum]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus: Meulan_mairie01.jpg |thumb|Mellenti [[curia municipalis]] ]] {{CommuniaCat|Meulan-en-Yvelines|Mellentum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220411210920/https://www.ville-meulan.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|78401|de=Meulan-en-Yvelines}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=22358 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Evelinarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Evelinarum]] g3jjzhlllp8cxmulepa5fx2mqffocbp 0 236268 3987142 3698703 2026-09-10T15:43:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Barrage_de_Petit-Saut_%28Guyane%29.jpg|250px |thumb|Saint-Élie: [[Moles (agger)|moles]]<ref>Cf. [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] diga in {{Castiglioni}}</ref> ''Petit-Saut'']] [[Fasciculus:Map-Saint Elie.svg|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Élie: ubi commune in Guiana sit]] '''Saint-Élie''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 285 incolarum (anno 2012) in [[praefectura]] et [[Regiones et praefecturae transmarinae|regione transmarina]] [[Guiana Francica]] in [[America Australis|America Australi]] sita. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Guianae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Élie|Saint-Élie}} * [http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/mairie-saint-elie.html Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|97358|de=Saint-Élie}} == Nota == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Guianae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati Guianae Francicae]] 4g9b7dll3arwxr2y5pahjaznhjrr7ub 3987144 3987142 2026-09-10T15:44:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Barrage_de_Petit-Saut_%28Guyane%29.jpg|250px |thumb|Saint-Élie: [[Moles (agger)|moles]]<ref>Cf. [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] diga in {{Castiglioni}}</ref> ''Petit-Saut'']] [[Fasciculus:Map-Saint Elie.svg|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Élie: ubi commune in Guiana sit]] '''Saint-Élie''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 159 incolarum (anno 2023) in [[praefectura]] et [[Regiones et praefecturae transmarinae|regione transmarina]] [[Guiana Francica]] in [[America Australis|America Australi]] sita. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Guianae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Élie|Saint-Élie}} * [http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/mairie-saint-elie.html Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|97358|de=Saint-Élie}} == Nota == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Guianae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati Guianae Francicae]] f0dup3pasf3vku5chhei6nwa5rhwv9t 3987145 3987144 2026-09-10T15:44:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nota */ 3987145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Barrage_de_Petit-Saut_%28Guyane%29.jpg|250px |thumb|Saint-Élie: [[Moles (agger)|moles]]<ref>Cf. [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] diga in {{Castiglioni}}</ref> ''Petit-Saut'']] [[Fasciculus:Map-Saint Elie.svg|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Élie: ubi commune in Guiana sit]] '''Saint-Élie''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 159 incolarum (anno 2023) in [[praefectura]] et [[Regiones et praefecturae transmarinae|regione transmarina]] [[Guiana Francica]] in [[America Australis|America Australi]] sita. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Guianae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Élie|Saint-Élie}} * [http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/mairie-saint-elie.html Huius communis pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|97358|de=Saint-Élie}} == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Guianae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati Guianae Francicae]] s1dxhvik7t4974dakou8tjh40dbv8pq 0 239123 3987097 3986159 2026-09-10T13:48:28Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Insulae Frisicae Orientales''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Ostfriesische Inseln'') est grex triginta duarum [[insula]]rum in [[Mare Germanicum|Mari Germanico]], exacte in [[Mare Frisium|Mari Frisio]] situs. Omnes insulae, quae inter quinque et decem chilometra a [[litus|litore]] [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] distant, ad [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]] pertinent. == Insulae habitatae == [[Fasciculus:Ostfriesische-Inseln 2plus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|Insulae Frisicae Orientales a satellite visae:1, [[Borkna]]; 2, Kachelotplate; 3, Lütje Hörn; 4, Memmert; 5, [[Insula Iuistensis]]; 6,Norderney; 7, Baltrumum; 8, [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]; 9, Spiekeroog; 10, Wangerooge; 11, Minsener Oog; 12, Mellum.]] Septem insulae habitatae sunt, quae ab occidente ad orientalem nominantur: * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'') (urbs [[Circulus Lerensis|Circuli Lerensis]]) * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (commune [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]]) * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'') (commune [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]]) * [[Norderney]] (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Spiekeroog]] (commune Circuli Widmundensis) * [[Wangerooge]] (commune [[Circulus Frisicus|Circuli Frisici]]) == Insulae non habitatae == Alii minores non habitatae sunt, in iis est: * [[Memmert]], quae insula ad [[Aurich (circulus)|Circulum Aurich]] pertinet. * [[Lütje Hörn]], quae insula ad [[Circulus Lerensis|Circulum Lerensem]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ostfriesische-inseln.de/ Situs interretialis insularum administrationum.] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] [[Categoria:Mare Germanicum]] [[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]] 7mkxol15ubn4vry3bparvkzqdn31qog 3987098 3987097 2026-09-10T13:49:31Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Insulae Frisicae Orientales''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Ostfriesische Inseln'') est grex triginta duarum [[insula]]rum in [[Mare Germanicum|Mari Germanico]], exacte in [[Mare Frisium|Mari Frisio]] situs. Omnes insulae, quae inter quinque et decem chilometra a [[litus|litore]] [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] distant, ad [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]] pertinent. == Insulae habitatae == [[Fasciculus:Ostfriesische-Inseln 2plus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|Insulae Frisicae Orientales a satellite visae:1, [[Borkna]]; 2, Kachelotplate; 3, Lütje Hörn; 4, Memmert; 5, [[Insula Iuistensis]]; 6,Norderney; 7, Baltrumum; 8, [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]; 9, Spiekeroog; 10, Wangerooge; 11, Minsener Oog; 12, Mellum.]] Septem insulae habitatae sunt, quae ab occidente ad orientalem nominantur: * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Borkna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'') (urbs [[Circulus Lerensis|Circuli Lerensis]]) * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (commune [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]]) * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'') (commune [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]]) * [[Norderney]] (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Spiekeroog]] (commune Circuli Widmundensis) * [[Wangerooge]] (commune [[Circulus Frisicus|Circuli Frisici]]) == Insulae non habitatae == Alii minores non habitatae sunt, in iis est: * [[Memmert]], quae insula ad [[Aurich (circulus)|Circulum Aurich]] pertinet. * [[Lütje Hörn]], quae insula ad [[Circulus Lerensis|Circulum Lerensem]] pertinet. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ostfriesische-inseln.de/ Situs interretialis insularum administrationum.] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] [[Categoria:Mare Germanicum]] [[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]] s2hdc03piw0qgq6u54qc7pxzi5q0rew 0 239379 3987100 3982025 2026-09-10T13:51:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WTM.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Widmundensi]] '''Circulus Widmundensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Widmundensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wittmund'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Widmundensis-e" ad [[Witmundia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}; et quo de gentilicio, vide [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281 ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, auctore Ioanne Luyts].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Wittmund''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Wittmund''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et deinde ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Witmundia]] est. == Historia == Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1919]] [[Wilhelmshaven]] urbs a circulo separata est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Widmundensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Annis [[1977]] - [[1980]] circulus Widmundensis dissolutus et inter circulos finitimos divisus erat, sed tum voluntate civium iterum conditus est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Frideburgum]]<ref name="Frideburgum">Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'') (10.156 incolae) * [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'') (1741) * [[Spiekeroog]] (776) * [[Witmundia]] (Theod. ''Wittmund''), caput circuli (20.363) * [[Esena (commune generale)|Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'') commune generale (14.183) ** [[Dunum (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]<ref name="Houtrouw 1889">Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'') (1099) ** [[Esena]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens''), urbs et sedes administrationis (7221) ** [[Holtgast]] (1735) ** [[Moorweg]] (848) ** [[Neuharlingersiel]] (987) ** [[Stedesdorf]] (1574) ** [[Werdum]] (719) * [[Holtriem (commune generale)|Holtriem]] commune generale (9181) ** [[Eversmeer]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'') (838) ** [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'') (1689) ** [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] (751) ** [[Neuschoo]] (1137) ** [[Ochtersum]] (896) ** [[Schweindorf]] (701) ** [[Utarp]] (640) ** [[Westerholt]], sedes administrationis (2529) ==Notae== <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Widmundensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] ak05y47ku643nnp937efhagctbza4y9 0 239385 3987094 3609989 2026-09-10T13:38:34Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langeoog]] ad [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3609989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Blick von Plattform des Langeooger Wasserturms 20200910 DSC3420.jpg|thumb|left|Langeoog vicus, visum est a turre aquae]] [[Fasciculus:Langeoog, Kaapdünen.jpg|thumb|left|Langeoog insula]] '''Langeoog''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Inselbahn_Langeoog.jpg|thumb|left|Ferroviaria Insulae Langeoog]] A portu insulae ad vicum ferroviaria parva incolas et hospites per 2,5 chilometra portat. Etiam aeroportum parvum insula habet. == Historia == Langeoog a saeculo 14 habitata est<ref>[http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/langeoog/entwicklung.htm nordwestreisemagazin]</ref>. Primo pars [[Frisia occidentalis|Frisiae Occidentalis]] fuit. Anno [[1717]] insula a fluctu maxima in partes tres divisa et ab incolis ad annum [[1721]] relicta est. Postea autem ab anno [[1732]] coloni redierunt. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Langeoog [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Langeoog ad circulum Widmundensem et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.langeoog.de/ www.langeoog.de] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] phzt7nfpwyibl13e5p87b6epie5mqqf 3987096 3987094 2026-09-10T13:44:06Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Blick von Plattform des Langeooger Wasserturms 20200910 DSC3420.jpg|thumb|left|Insula Longa, visum est a turre aquae.]] [[Fasciculus:Langeoog, Kaapdünen.jpg|thumb|left|Insula Longa.]] '''Insula Longa'''<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Inselbahn_Langeoog.jpg|thumb|left|Ferroviaria Insulae Longae.]] A portu insulae ad commune ferroviaria parva incolas et hospites per 2,5 chilometra portat. Etiam aeroportum parvum insula habet. == Historia == Insula Longa a saeculo 14 habitata est<ref>[http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/langeoog/entwicklung.htm nordwestreisemagazin]</ref>. Primo pars [[Frisia occidentalis|Frisiae Occidentalis]] fuit. Anno [[1717]] insula a fluctu maxima in partes tres divisa et ab incolis ad annum [[1721]] relicta est. Postea autem ab anno [[1732]] coloni redierunt. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Insula Longa [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] tradita est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Insula Longa ad circulum Widmundensem et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Langeoog|Insulam Longam}} * [http://www.langeoog.de/ www.langeoog.de] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] 0vclygaxpghaz4xb7bromjsbsm724kz 3987099 3987096 2026-09-10T13:50:25Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Blick von Plattform des Langeooger Wasserturms 20200910 DSC3420.jpg|thumb|left|Insula Longa, visum est a turre aquae.]] [[Fasciculus:Langeoog, Kaapdünen.jpg|thumb|left|Insula Longa.]] '''Insula Longa'''<ref name="Insula Longa">Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] "Insula Longa" reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine "longus, -a, -um"] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine "insula, -ae" f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum "Insula Longa" sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Inselbahn_Langeoog.jpg|thumb|left|Ferroviaria Insulae Longae.]] A portu insulae ad commune ferroviaria parva incolas et hospites per 2,5 chilometra portat. Etiam aeroportum parvum insula habet. == Historia == Insula Longa a saeculo 14 habitata est<ref>[http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/langeoog/entwicklung.htm nordwestreisemagazin]</ref>. Primo pars [[Frisia occidentalis|Frisiae Occidentalis]] fuit. Anno [[1717]] insula a fluctu maxima in partes tres divisa et ab incolis ad annum [[1721]] relicta est. Postea autem ab anno [[1732]] coloni redierunt. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Insula Longa [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] tradita est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Insula Longa ad circulum Widmundensem et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Langeoog|Insulam Longam}} * [http://www.langeoog.de/ www.langeoog.de] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] 9ik5h9jcjcfcuu4uczjv2scsom9hmcm 0 239447 3987104 3862476 2026-09-10T13:54:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Spiekeroog (view from the west).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Spiekeroog insula ex occidente visum.]] [[Fasciculus:Spiekeroog_1805.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Tabula geographica insulae Spiekeroog anno [[1805]] confecta.]] '''Spiekeroog''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Spiekeroog-Museumspferdebahn_2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ferroviaria musealis Insulae Spiekeroog, quae equis vehitur.]] A portu insulae usque ad annum [[1981]] ad vicum ferroviaria parva incolas et hospites per 600 metra portavit. Nunc peregrinatores soli ea utuntur. Aeroportus autem insulae deest, autocineta prohibita sunt. == Historia == Spiekeroog anno [[1398]] nomine "''Spiekeroch''" primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia occidentalis|Frisiae Occidentalis]] fuit. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Spiekeroog [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Spiekeroog ad circulum Widmundensem et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Cives clari == * [[Wernher de Braun]] (1912 - 1977), machinator, hic scholam frequentabat. * [[Ioannes Rau]] (1931 - 2006), praeses Germaniae, fuit civis honoris causa Spiekeroog. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.spiekeroog.de/ Pagina officialis communis Spiekeroog] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/spiekeroog/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Spiekeroog visitantium] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] i23pghe6fqm6ie6477s0eey8ym33nnd 0 239885 3987231 3986580 2026-09-10T22:55:45Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in AUR.svg|thumb|Communia in Auriaco Circulo.]] '''Circulus Auriacum'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Aurich''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. Usque ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ex anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] urbs.<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> == Historia == Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]], [[ager]] antiqui circuli Norden{{dubsig}} cum Auriaco consociatus est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'') (urbs et caput circuli, 40&thinsp;637 incolae) * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (insula, 564) * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') (12&thinsp;228) * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'') (4525) * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'') (8563) * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'') (6906) * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (insula, 1540) * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [[https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'') (13&thinsp;646) * [[Norden]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum, 24&thinsp;887) * [[Norderney]]{{dubsig}} (insula et oppidum, 5845) * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> (sedes administrationis: Ihlowerfehn) (12&thinsp;139) * [[Südbrookmerland]]{{dubsig}} (18&thinsp;509) * [[Wiesmoor]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum 12&thinsp;887) * [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]]{{dubsig}} commune generale (13&thinsp;204) ** [[Leezdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') (1859) ** [[Marienhafe]]{{dubsig}} (sedes administrationis, 2253) ** [[Osteel]]{{dubsig}} (2201) ** [[Rechtsupweg]]{{dubsig}} (2060) ** [[Upgant-Schott]]{{dubsig}} (3802) ** [[Wirdum]]{{dubsig}} (1029) * [[Haga (commune generale)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) commune generale (10&thinsp;978) ** [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'') (2620) ** [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) (oppidum et sedes administrationis, 6162) ** [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'') (993) ** [[Lütetsburg]] (758) ** [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'') (445) * Ager ad commune non pertinens: ** [[Memmert]] (insula, 5,17 km² non habitata) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Aurich|Circulum Auriacum}} [http://www.landkreis-aurich Situs interretialis Auriaci proprius.]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Auriacum}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] 7uptfn998sxg1rfs3biom5xox6kaqjr 3987243 3987231 2026-09-10T23:25:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in AUR.svg|thumb|Communia in Auriaco Circulo.]] '''Circulus Auriacum'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Aurich''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. Usque ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ex anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] urbs.<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> == Historia == Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]], [[ager]] antiqui circuli Norden{{dubsig}} cum Auriaco consociatus est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'') (urbs et caput circuli, 40&thinsp;637 incolae) * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (insula, 564) * [[Cornu Curvatum]]<ref name="Cornu Curvatum">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo "curvatus-a-um"] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine "cornu-us" (n.)] vertitur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') (12&thinsp;228) * [[Dornum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'') (4525) * [[Ericetum Magnum]]<ref name="Ericetum">[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine "Ericetum-i" vertitur.]</ref><ref name="Magnus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um" vertitur.]</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'') (8563) * [[Hinuti]]<ref name="Hinuti">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'') (6906) * [[Insula Iuistensis]]<ref name="Iuistensis">De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&code=598&valid=618&utm "juistensis"].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (insula, 1540) * [[Magna Palus]]<ref name="Magna Palus">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo "magnus-a-um"] et [[https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine "palus paludis" (f.)] vertitur.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'') (13&thinsp;646) * [[Norden]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum, 24&thinsp;887) * [[Norderney]]{{dubsig}} (insula et oppidum, 5845) * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> (sedes administrationis: Ihlowerfehn) (12&thinsp;139) * [[Südbrookmerland]]{{dubsig}} (18&thinsp;509) * [[Wiesmoor]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum 12&thinsp;887) * [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmannia]]<ref name="Brocmannia">Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1881/0666/image,info ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) in Brocmannia, Haro Ayldysna, capitalis in Falerna, ac Folcmarus, capitaneus (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brookmerland'') commune generale (13&thinsp;204) ** [[Leezdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') (1859) ** [[Marienhafe]]{{dubsig}} (sedes administrationis, 2253) ** [[Osteel]]{{dubsig}} (2201) ** [[Rechtsupweg]]{{dubsig}} (2060) ** [[Upgant-Schott]]{{dubsig}} (3802) ** [[Wirdum]]{{dubsig}} (1029) * [[Haga (commune generale)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) commune generale (10&thinsp;978) ** [[Berumburgum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'') (2620) ** [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]<ref name="Haga">Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „ Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) (oppidum et sedes administrationis, 6162) ** [[Halbemontium]]<ref name="-montium">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-montium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'') (993) ** [[Lütetsburg]] (758) ** [[Palus Hagensis]]<ref name="Palus Hagensis">[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/#google_vignette Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo "palus paludis" vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium "Hagensis-e", quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur "(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'') (445) * Ager ad commune non pertinens: ** [[Memmert]] (insula, 5,17 km² non habitata) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Aurich|Circulum Auriacum}} [http://www.landkreis-aurich Situs interretialis Auriaci proprius.]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Auriacum}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] 5g8t0yl19qtrr2lo1i6dz2wwd4xsiwa 0 245776 3987229 3505826 2026-09-10T22:53:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rathaus_Marienhafe44.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis generalis Brookmerland in communi Marienhafe sita]] '''Brookmerland''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. Ad Brookmerland communia [[Leezdorfium]] (1859 incolae), [[Marienhafe]] (sedes administrationis, 2253), [[Osteel]] (2201), [[Rechtsupweg]] (2060), [[Upgant-Schott]] (3802) atque [[Wirdum]] (1029) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale Brookmerland die [[1 Augusti]] [[1969]] e communibus parvis 7 constitutum est. Anno [[1971]] et Wirdum commune accessit. Anno [[1972]] duo minora communia cum maioribus coniuncta sunt: Tjüche pars communis Marienhafe factum est et Siegelsum ad commune Upgang-Schott se adiunxit, ut nunc sex communia in Brookmerland essent. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Brookmerland}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/ www.marienhafe.de] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1969]] 0aac8v1v3rbq18vm6xjmcypb2wbkhky 3987232 3987229 2026-09-10T23:02:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Brookmerland (commune generale)]] ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rathaus_Marienhafe44.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis generalis Brookmerland in communi Marienhafe sita]] '''Brookmerland''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. Ad Brookmerland communia [[Leezdorfium]] (1859 incolae), [[Marienhafe]] (sedes administrationis, 2253), [[Osteel]] (2201), [[Rechtsupweg]] (2060), [[Upgant-Schott]] (3802) atque [[Wirdum]] (1029) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale Brookmerland die [[1 Augusti]] [[1969]] e communibus parvis 7 constitutum est. Anno [[1971]] et Wirdum commune accessit. Anno [[1972]] duo minora communia cum maioribus coniuncta sunt: Tjüche pars communis Marienhafe factum est et Siegelsum ad commune Upgang-Schott se adiunxit, ut nunc sex communia in Brookmerland essent. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Brookmerland}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/ www.marienhafe.de] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1969]] 0aac8v1v3rbq18vm6xjmcypb2wbkhky 3987234 3987232 2026-09-10T23:11:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rathaus_Marienhafe44.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis generalis Brocmanniae in communi Marienhafe sita.]] '''Brocmannia'''<ref name="Brocmannia">Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1881/0666/image,info ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) in Brocmannia, Haro Ayldysna, capitalis in Falerna, ac Folcmarus, capitaneus (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brookmerland'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. Ad Brookmerland communia [[Leezdorfium]] (1859 incolae), [[Marienhafe]] (sedes administrationis, 2253), [[Osteel]] (2201), [[Rechtsupweg]] (2060), [[Upgant-Schott]] (3802) atque [[Wirdum]] (1029) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale Brocmannia die [[1 Augusti]] [[1969]] e communibus parvis septem constitutum est. Anno [[1971]] et Wirdum commune accessit. Anno [[1972]] duo minora communia cum maioribus coniuncta sunt: Tjüche pars communis Marienhafe factum est et Siegelsum ad commune Upgang-Schott se adiunxit, ut nunc sex communia in Brocmannia essent. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Brookmerland|Brocmanniam}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/ www.marienhafe.de] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1969]] 6e57zoxg3ahzhjni2z49oklegq8hfxv 3987236 3987234 2026-09-10T23:14:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rathaus_Marienhafe44.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis generalis Brocmanniae in communi Marienhafe sita.]] '''Brocmannia'''<ref name="Brocmannia">Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1881/0666/image,info ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) in Brocmannia, Haro Ayldysna, capitalis in Falerna, ac Folcmarus, capitaneus (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brookmerland'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. Ad Brocmanniam communia [[Leezdorfium]] (1859 incolae), [[Marienhafe]] (sedes administrationis, 2253), [[Osteel]] (2201), [[Rechtsupweg]] (2060), [[Upgant-Schott]] (3802) atque [[Wirdum]] (1029) pertinent. == Historia == Commune generale Brocmannia die [[1 Augusti]] [[1969]] e communibus parvis septem constitutum est. Anno [[1971]] et Wirdum commune accessit. Anno [[1972]] duo minora communia cum maioribus coniuncta sunt: Tjüche pars communis Marienhafe factum est et Siegelsum ad commune Upgang-Schott se adiunxit, ut nunc sex communia in Brocmannia essent. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Brookmerland|Brocmanniam}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/ www.marienhafe.de] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1969]] 80jrk84vxrdpsp7sufwd4hqd15lw203 0 245831 3987225 3720747 2026-09-10T22:44:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Leezdorf]] ad [[Leezdorfium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3720747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:LeezdorfMühleHof.jpg|thumb|left|Leezdorf]] '''Leezdorf''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Leetzdorf anno [[1765]] in palude dehydrato conditum est et tum ad annum ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Leezdorf [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] Leetzdorf, adhuc pars pars communis [[Osteel]] fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Leezdorf pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Leezdorf ad commune generale Brookmerland accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Leezdorf circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/leezdorf.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brookmerland de Leezdorf]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1765]] [[Categoria:Condita 1869]] llxtdx9daiq9g98r6uqn0frit1uoiv8 3987228 3987225 2026-09-10T22:51:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:LeezdorfMühleHof.jpg|thumb|left|Leezdorfium.]] '''Leezdorfium'''<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Leezdorfium anno [[1765]] in palude siccata conditum est et tum ad annum ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Leezdorfium [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] Leetzdorfium, adhuc pars pars communis [[Osteel]] fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Leezdorfium pars novi Circuli Nordensis factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Leezdorfium ad commune generale Brookmerland accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Leezdorfium circulo Nordensi dissoluto ad circulum Auriacum transiit. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Leezdorf|Leezdorfium}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/leezdorf.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brookmerland de Leezdorfio]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1765]] [[Categoria:Condita 1869]] pgs069t3wj61y8s703ipysjhjky1pv7 3987241 3987228 2026-09-10T23:21:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:LeezdorfMühleHof.jpg|thumb|left|Leezdorfium.]] '''Leezdorfium'''<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Leezdorfium anno [[1765]] in palude siccata conditum est et tum ad annum ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Leezdorfium [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] Leetzdorfium, adhuc pars pars communis [[Osteel]] fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Leezdorfium pars novi Circuli Nordensis factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Leezdorfium ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Leezdorfium circulo Nordensi dissoluto ad circulum Auriacum transiit. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Leezdorf|Leezdorfium}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/leezdorf.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Leezdorfio]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1765]] [[Categoria:Condita 1869]] 5auuwykc58ah4j2xxgoc8z0rfb8xffq 0 245842 3987239 3721939 2026-09-10T23:19:00Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Kirche Marienhafe38.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Marienhafe]] '''Marienhafe''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit atque huius sedes administrationis est. == Historia == Marienhafe anno [[1424]] nomine ''Marienhoff'' ab urbe [[Brema]] iudicio conditum est. Diu pars Frisaiae Orientalis fuit et cum ea annis [[1744]] ad usque [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Marienhafe [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Marienhafe pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Anno [[1969]] Marienhafe ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio magni momenti fieret. Hic etiam sedes administrationis communis generalis est. Anno [[1977]] Marienhafe circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/marienhafe.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Marienhafe]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1424]] 9sxxp1zd13jznjserz4fr68a49r5oq3 0 245949 3987230 3723859 2026-09-10T22:54:28Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Ost campen2.jpg|thumb|left|Osteel hiemalis]] '''Osteel''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Osteel anno [[1164]] conditum esse dicitur. Primo pars Frisiae Orientalis Ducatus erat, deinde annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Osteel [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] [[Leezdorfium]], adhuc pars pars communis Osteel fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Osteel pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Osteel ad commune generale Brookmerland accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Osteel circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170437/http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/osteel.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brookmerland de Osteel] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1164]] d828t71qdbi5id5ff53dytg0nh3a5lp 3987237 3987230 2026-09-10T23:15:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Ost campen2.jpg|thumb|left|Osteel hiemalis]] '''Osteel''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Osteel anno [[1164]] conditum esse dicitur. Primo pars Frisiae Orientalis Ducatus erat, deinde annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Osteel [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] [[Leezdorfium]], adhuc pars pars communis Osteel fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Osteel pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Osteel ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Osteel circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170437/http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/osteel.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Osteel] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1164]] eee2jzgj70e0t51ew837wijmt148x8h 0 246116 3987235 3725440 2026-09-10T23:13:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:RechtsupwegKirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia in Rechtsupweg]] '''Rechtsupweg''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Rechtsupweg anno [[1769]] colonia paludis conditum est. Primo ad annum [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Rechtsupweg [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Rechtsupweg pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Rechtsupweg ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Rechtsupweg circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110905111024/http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/rechtsupweg.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Rechtsupweg] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1769]] mka7hufo942kxfnju9w1i8lt2k4awbr 0 246120 3987238 3708865 2026-09-10T23:17:26Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:2013-05-03 Fotoflug Leer Papenburg DSCF7259.jpg|thumb|left|Upgant-Schott ex aere visum]] '''Upgant-Schott''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] atque [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Upgant-Schott anno [[945]] in tabula [[Fuldense coenobium|Fuldensis coenobii]] primo descriptum est. Diu ad Ducatum Frisiae Orientalis pertinuit, annis [[1744]] ad usque [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Upgant-Schott [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Upgant-Schott pars novi Circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Upgant-Schott ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1972]] vicus Siegelsum ad communem accessit et anno [[1977]] Upgant-Schott circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/upgant-schott.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Upgant-Schott]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] f3kkohbgrwji3l7w2s09tcjyy65yy3d 0 246148 3987240 3709740 2026-09-10T23:20:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:2013-05-03_Fotoflug_Nordholz_Papenburg_HP_2965.JPG|thumb|left|Wirdum ex aere visum]] [[Fasciculus:Kirche_Wirdum_2010.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Wirdum circa annum 1300 aedificatum]] '''Wirdum''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] atque [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit. == Historia == Wirdum vicus, qui olim ad mare situs erat, saeculo 8 nomine ''Vurtheim'' primo in tabulis descriptum est. Tempore medioaevo diu sedes ducis Frisorum erat. Postea ad Ducatum Frisiae Orientalis pertinuit, annis [[1744]] ad usque [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Wirdum [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Wirdum pars novi Circuli Emda, anno [[1932]] circuli Norden factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1971]] Wirdum ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Wirdum circulo Norden dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/wirdum.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Wirdum]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 8]] 1ahjzuqyikrxjrkz3tuaf74f9w9miry 0 246383 3987218 3764830 2026-09-10T20:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 93053.png|upright=0.8|left|thumb|Communis tabula]] {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Petit_Noisy.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|despectus in urbis regionem ''Petit Noisy'']] '''Nucenum Minus'''<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noisy-le-Sec#Toponymie Vicipaedia Francogallica]</ref> ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Noisy-le-Sec'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 45&nbsp;156 incolarum<ref>Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-93053 censum anno 2020 factum]</ref> [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. == Toponymia == Primo saeculo viculus Nucetum notatus fuit.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221208220859/https://www.noisylesec.fr/ville-territoire/decouvrir/histoire-patrimoine/ Situs interretialis Nuceni proprius]</ref> Etymologia praesentiam insinuat in multis arboribus iuglandis. ''Nucetum'' ex vulgo ''nucarius'', ex latino ''nux''.<ref>[https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/noyer//1 Situs interretialis Gallici centri pro textualibus et lexicis facultatibus].</ref> === Alia nomina === ''Nucetum''<ref name=":0" /> (saeculo primo); ''Nucitum Superiorem'' (anno 832); ''Nucido'' (anno 842); ''Nuisiacum Siccum'' (anno 1094); ''Nucenum minus'' (anno 1096); ''Nuseium Siccum'' (anno 1119); ''Nosiaco Sicco'' (anno 1195); ''Noisiaco'' (saeculo XIII); ''Noysiacum'' (anno 1259); ''Noaysiaco Sicco'' (anno 1319à ; ''Noisiaco Sicco'' (anno 1384).<ref>[https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/village-de-La-Courneuve Situs interretialis praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii proprius]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Noisy-le-Sec|Nucenum}} * {{INSEE commune|93053|de=Noisy-le-Sec}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=25151 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160124060749/http://www.noisylesec.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Sancti Dionysii]] nqpgerzckhspa66fx6cnh9g14nq2zmx 0 247281 3987194 3463495 2026-09-10T17:42:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Chapelle_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_%28%C2%A9Montval_0000818%29.JPG |thumb|250 px|Misy-sur-Yonne: [[aedicula]] [[Sanctus Andreas|Sancto Andreae]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 77293.png|250 px|left|thumb|Misy-sur-Yonne: communis tabula]] '''Misy-sur-Yonne''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 986 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Matrona|Sequanae et Matronae]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Misy-sur-Yonne|Misy-sur-Yonne}} * {{INSEE commune|77293|de=Misy-sur-Yonne}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=22626 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] 1kpxqya3yxyraglg1r4vow8pexkipli 3987195 3987194 2026-09-10T17:43:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3987195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Chapelle_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_%28%C2%A9Montval_0000818%29.JPG |thumb|250 px|Misy-sur-Yonne: [[aedicula]] [[Sanctus Andreas|sancto Andreae]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 77293.png|250 px|left|thumb|Misy-sur-Yonne: communis tabula]] '''Misy-sur-Yonne''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 834 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Matrona|Sequanae et Matronae]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Misy-sur-Yonne|Misy-sur-Yonne}} * {{INSEE commune|77293|de=Misy-sur-Yonne}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=22626 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]] 9nmradaq966cdjhm5l4psn663z1t2dh 0 255046 3987186 3987063 2026-09-10T17:14:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]] '''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est. == Historia == Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]</ref>. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] "Area occupationis Polonica" administrata est<ref>[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae) * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260) * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255) * [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503) * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504) * [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549) * [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981) * [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175) * [[Salzbergen]] (7535) * [[Twist]] (9499) * [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140) ** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587) ** [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466) ** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419) ** [[Lehe]] (999) ** [[Neubörger]] (1544) ** [[Neulehe]] (762) ** [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983) ** [[Walchum]] (1457) ** [[Wippingen]] (923) * [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304) ** [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879) ** [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597) ** [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000) ** Messingen (1058) ** Thuine (1770) * [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050) ** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097) ** [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248) ** [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705) * [[Lethi (commune generale)|Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'') commune generale (11.237) ** [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909) ** [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen''), sedes administrationis (6159) ** [[Niederlangen]] (1208) ** [[Oberlangen]] (951) ** [[Renkenberge]] (715) ** [[Sustrum]] (1295) * [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093) ** [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359) ** [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209) ** [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841) ** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451) ** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658) ** [[Wettrup]] (575) * [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005) ** [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987) ** [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788) ** [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179) ** [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806) ** [[Surwold]] (4245) * [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997) ** [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127) ** [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656) ** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747) ** [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519) ** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335) ** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511) ** [[Stavern]] (1066) ** [[Werpeloh]] (1036) * [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018) ** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877) ** [[Schapen]] (2327) ** [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814) * [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749) ** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897) ** [[Lorup]] (3184) ** [[Rastdorf]] (1015) ** [[Vrees]] (1695) ** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}} * [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] 3qejxafc8vfkej2p7rboxep7x6848v0 3987273 3987186 2026-09-11T10:15:05Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|In oppido [[Meppea]] flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]] '''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Emesensis-e" ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est ex antiquis circulis ''Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi'', ''Meppea'' atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]] est. == Historia == Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]</ref>. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] "Area occupationis Polonica" administrata est<ref>[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]</ref>. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Emsbura]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae) * [[Geesta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260) * [[Harna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255) * [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]], oppidum (52.503) * [[Lunne]]<ref name="Lunne">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)". Latinum autem gentilicium "Haselunnensis-e" est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504) * [[Meppea]] oppidum et caput circuli (34.549) * [[Papenburg]], oppidum (35.981) * [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175) * [[Salzbergen]] (7535) * [[Twist]] (9499) * [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140) ** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587) ** [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466) ** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419) ** [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'') (999) ** [[Neubörger]] (1544) ** [[Neulehe]] (762) ** [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983) ** [[Walchum]] (1457) ** [[Wippingen]] (923) * [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304) ** [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879) ** [[Bestena]]<ref name="Jellinghaus 1923">Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597) ** [[Frera]]<ref name="-a"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000) ** Messingen (1058) ** Thuine (1770) * [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050) ** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097) ** [[Herzlaka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248) ** [[Lahda]]<ref name="-e"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705) * [[Lethi (commune generale)|Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'') commune generale (11.237) ** [[Fresenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909) ** [[Lethi]]<ref name="Lethi">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen''), sedes administrationis (6159) ** [[Niederlangen]] (1208) ** [[Oberlangen]] (951) ** [[Renkenberge]] (715) ** [[Sustrum]] (1295) * [[Lengerich (commune generale)|Lengerich]] commune generale (9093) ** [[Bawinkelum]]<ref name="Moser 1738">Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359) ** [[Gersta]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209) ** [[Hantharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841) ** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451) ** [[Lengerich]], sedes administrationis (2658) ** [[Wettrup]] (575) * [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005) ** [[Bochorstia]]<ref name="Erhard 1851">Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987) ** [[Breddenberga]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788) ** [[Esterwega]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179) ** [[Palus Hilcae]]<ref name="Hilkenbrook">Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam "Hilca-ae" refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine "palus, paludis" reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum "palus, paludis" redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet "Palus Hilcae".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806) ** [[Surwold]] (4245) * [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997) ** [[Bernsium Minus]]<ref name="Bernsium">Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)".</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127) ** [[Bersinium]]<ref name="Kaemling 1987">Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656) ** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]<ref name="Remling VII 2026">Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747) ** [[Huvenni]]<ref name="Huvenni">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519) ** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335) ** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511) ** [[Stavern]] (1066) ** [[Werpeloh]] (1036) * [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018) ** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]<ref name="Lunni">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877) ** [[Schapen]] (2327) ** [[Spella]]<ref name="Spella">Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur "(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814) * [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749) ** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]<ref name="Lahna">Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma "Lahna" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897) ** [[Lorup]] (3184) ** [[Rastdorf]] (1015) ** [[Vrees]] (1695) ** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}} * [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] 9vggwcysaca2ix0daamiog4mdc0my53 0 257179 3987271 3986472 2026-09-11T10:13:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Church at 26892 Dörpen IMG 7803.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Viti communis Thorpi.]] '''Thorpum'''<ref name="Thorpum">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') est commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Circulo Terrae Emesensis]]. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1973]] Thorpum commune generale a communibus novem est. Quae sunt [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]<ref name="Kluse">Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo "clūsa", "angustum montium aditum, locum clausum" significante, quae ad Latinum verbum "claudere" refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clausa, clusa" deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] "clūsa" explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587), [[Dersum]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466 incolae), [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419), [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'') (999), [[Neubörger]] (1544), [[Neulehe]] (762), [[Thorpum]]<ref name="Thorpum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') -quod est sedes administrationis- (4983), [[Walchum]] (1457) atque [[Wippingen]] (923). Ab die [[1 Novembris]] [[2011]] Hermannus Wocken magister civium communis generalis est et Ioanni Hansen successit, qui sodalis eiusdem factionis erat<ref>[http://www.noz.de/lokales/doerpen/artikel/239961/wocken-startet-mit-beifall-und-brotchen noz.de die 1 Novembris 2011]</ref>. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dörpen|Thorpum}} * [http://www.doerpen.de Pagina communis generalis Thorpi (Theodisce)] {{urbs-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Doerpen}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] b83m3t0o1w1sbot13j9lavkkphvomjk 0 261922 3987086 3986981 2026-09-10T12:58:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 Categoria:Notiones in metaphysica (10K) 3987086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Penrose-dreieck.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Structura quae in [[spatium trium dimensionum|spatio trium dimensionum]] videtur, sed in [[geometria]] [[Euclides|Euclidiana]] fieri non potest. Hoc est paradoxum aspectabile.]] '''Paradoxum''' est [[dictum]] quod, contra ratiocinationem quae gravis ex [[veritas|principiis veris]] apparet, ad finem ducit qui se contradicit aut absurdus est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130205104405/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/paradox "Paradox,"] ''Oxford Dictionary'' (Oxford University Press).</ref><ref>Bolander 2013.</ref> Nonnulla paradoxa [[logica]] agnoscuntur argumenta [[validitas|invalida]], sed magni in [[cogitatio critica|cogitatione critica]] docenda iam aestimantur.<ref>Eliason 1996.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=2[[Feles Schrödingerana]]: [[feles]], ampulla [[venenum|veneni]], et fons [[radioactivitas|radioactivus]] intra arcam clausam ponuntur. Si monitorium internum radioactivitatem detegit (hoc est unus [[atomus]] tabescens), ampulla confringitur, venenum liberatur, felesque necatur. [[Hafnia]]na [[mechanica quantica|mechanicae quanticae]] interpretatio significat felem ad ultimum [[superpositio quantica|eodem tempore viva et mortua]] esse, sed spectator, cum internas arcae partes aspicit, felem aut vivam aut mortuam videt, non et vivam et mortuam.<!--This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.-->]] Nonnulla paradoxa menda in [[definitio]]nibus olim veris habitis in medium aperuerunt, et ut [[axioma]]ta [[mathematica]] et logica iterum investigentur fecerunt. Exemplum insigne est [[paradoxum Russellianum]], quod rogat num "index omnium indicum qui sese non continent"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "list of all lists that do not contain themselves."</ref> sese comprehenderent, et monstrat conatus ad [[theoria copiarum|theoriam copiarum]] in identificatione copiarum cum [[proprietas (philosophia)|proprietatibus]] vel [[praedicatum (logica)|praedicatis]] condendam vitiosas esse.<ref>Crossley et al 1972:59–60.</ref> Aliae quaestiones, sicut [[paradoxum Currianum]]<!--Curry's p.-->, nondum solvuntur. Inter exempla insignia praeter logicam est [[Navis Theseia]], quaestio [[philosophia|philosophica]], quae rogat num [[navis]] identidem refecta, quaque parte [[lignum|lignea]] substituta, eadem navis sit. Paradoxa etiam formam habere possunt imaginum vel aliorum mediorum. Exempli gratia, [[M. C. Escher]] paradoxa [[perspectivum|in perspectivo condita]] in multis [[adumbratio]]nibus posuit, quibus parietes pavimenta videntur, ac scalae ascendere sine fine videntur.<ref>Amira Skomorowska, [http://aminotes.tumblr.com/post/653017235/the-mathematical-art-of-m-c-escher-for-me-it "The Mathematical Art of M. C. Escher,"] ''Lapidarium notes.''</ref><ref>Hughes et Brecht 1975:1–8.</ref> [[Willardus Van Orman Quine]] (1966) tria genera paradoxorum distinxit: # Paradoxum veridicum, quod eventum efficit qui absurdus videtur sed nihilominus verus demonstrari potest (exempla: natalitio Friderici in ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]],'' [[theorema sagittae quae fieri non potest]], [[paradoxum Monty Hall]], et in [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]], paradoxa [[paradoxum Hilbertianum Deversorii Grandis|Hilbertiani Deversorii Grandis]] et [[feles Schrödingerana|felis Schrödingeranae]]); # Paradoxum falsidicum, quod eventum efficit qui falsus non solum apparet, sed etiam falsus est, propter fallaciam in [[demonstratio mathematica|demonstratione]] (exemplum: [[paradoxa Zenonis]]); # [[Antinomia]], paradoxum quod in neutrum genus digeri potest. Post autem opus Quineanum, genus quartum descriptum est: [[dialetheia]], paradoxum quod simul verum et falsum est. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Animalia paradoxa]] * [[Antinomia]] * [[Aporia]] * [[Contradictio]] * [[Dialectica]] * [[Dilemma]] * [[Dilemma captivi]] * [[Dilemma ethicum]] * [[Eubulides]] * [[Dilemma hystricis]] * [[Dilemma sociale]] * [[Experimentum cognitionis]] * [[Fallacia]] * [[Fallacia formalis]] * [[Infinitas]] * [[Ironia]] * [[Omnis testudo in alia testudine iacet]] * {{Creanda|en|Oxymoron|Oxymoron}} * {{Creanda|en|Zeno's paradoxes|Paradoxa Zenonis}} * [[Paradoxum Epimenideum]] * [[Paradoxum Fermianum]] * [[Paradoxum geminorum]] * [[Paradoxum Israeliticum]] * [[Paradoxum natalium]] * [[Paradoxum spectatoris]] * [[Paradoxum suspendii inopinati]] * [[Paradoxographia]] * [[Problema]] * [[Theodicaea]] * [[Thesea navis]] * [[Trivialismus]]<!-- + *[[Four-valued logic]] *[[Impossible object]] *[[List of paradoxes]] *[[Mu (negative)]] *[[Paradox of value]] *[[Paradoxes of material implication]] *[[Plato's beard]] *[[Revision theory]] *[[Self-refuting idea]]s *[[Syntactic ambiguity]] *[[Temporal paradox]] *[[Twin paradox]]--> {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bolander, Thomas. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-reference/ ''Self-Reference.''] The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. * Crossley, J. N., C. J. Ash. C. J. Brickhill, J. C. Stillwell, et N. H. Williams. [[1972]]. ''What is mathematical logic?'' Londinii, Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-888087-1. * Eliason, James L. [[1996]]. [http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/9604072434/using-paradoxes-teach-critical-thinking-science Using Paradoxes to Teach Critical Thinking in Science.] ''Journal of College Science Teaching'' 15 (5): 341–344. * Hughes, Patrick, et George Brecht.[[1975]]. ''Vicious Circles and Infinity: A Panoply of Paradoxes.'' Garden City Novi Eboraci: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-09917-7. * Poundstone, William. [[1989]]. ''Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge.'' Anchor. * Quine, Willars Van Orman. [[1966]]. The ways of paradox. In ''The Ways of Paradox, and other essays.'' Novi Eboraci: Random House. * Sainsbury, Mark. [[1988]]. ''Paradoxes.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Sorensens, Roy. [[2003]]. ''A Brief History of the Paradox: Philosophy and the Labyrinths of the Mind.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515903-9. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Paradoxes|paradoxa}} * Cantini, Andrea. [[2012]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradoxes-contemporary-logic/ Paradoxes and Contemporary Logic.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * Spade, Paul Vincent. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/insolubles Insolubles.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * {{dmoz|Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Logic/Paradoxes/|Paradoxes}} [[Categoria:Logica]] [[Categoria:Logica philosophica]]<!--[[Categoria:Notiones in logica]]--> [[Categoria:Notiones in metaphysica]] [[Categoria:Paradoxa| ]] {{Myrias|Philosophia}} hmj886qzbdt5q0zdo4mpvlugt05z2ds 3987127 3987086 2026-09-10T15:34:43Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3987127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Penrose-dreieck.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Structura quae in [[spatium trium dimensionum|spatio trium dimensionum]] videtur, sed in [[geometria]] [[Euclides|Euclidiana]] fieri non potest. Hoc est paradoxum aspectabile.]] {{res|Paradoxum}} est [[dictum]] quod, contra ratiocinationem quae gravis ex [[veritas|principiis veris]] apparet, ad finem ducit qui se contradicit aut absurdus est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130205104405/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/paradox "Paradox,"] ''Oxford Dictionary'' (Oxford University Press).</ref><ref>Bolander 2013.</ref> Nonnulla paradoxa [[logica]] agnoscuntur argumenta [[validitas|invalida]], sed magni in [[cogitatio critica|cogitatione critica]] docenda iam aestimantur.<ref>Eliason 1996.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=2[[Feles Schrödingerana]]: [[feles]], ampulla [[venenum|veneni]], et fons [[radioactivitas|radioactivus]] intra arcam clausam ponuntur. Si monitorium internum radioactivitatem detegit (hoc est unus [[atomus]] tabescens), ampulla confringitur, venenum liberatur, felesque necatur. [[Hafnia]]na [[mechanica quantica|mechanicae quanticae]] interpretatio significat felem ad ultimum [[superpositio quantica|eodem tempore viva et mortua]] esse, sed spectator, cum internas arcae partes aspicit, felem aut vivam aut mortuam videt, non et vivam et mortuam.<!--This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.-->]] Nonnulla paradoxa menda in [[definitio]]nibus olim veris habitis in medium aperuerunt, et ut [[axioma]]ta [[mathematica]] et logica iterum investigentur fecerunt. Exemplum insigne est [[paradoxum Russellianum]], quod rogat num "index omnium indicum qui sese non continent"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "list of all lists that do not contain themselves."</ref> sese comprehenderent, et monstrat conatus ad [[theoria copiarum|theoriam copiarum]] in identificatione copiarum cum [[proprietas (philosophia)|proprietatibus]] vel [[praedicatum (logica)|praedicatis]] condendam vitiosas esse.<ref>Crossley et al 1972:59–60.</ref> Aliae quaestiones, sicut [[paradoxum Currianum]]<!--Curry's p.-->, nondum solvuntur. Inter exempla insignia praeter logicam est [[Navis Theseia]], quaestio [[philosophia|philosophica]], quae rogat num [[navis]] identidem refecta, quaque parte [[lignum|lignea]] substituta, eadem navis sit. Paradoxa etiam formam habere possunt imaginum vel aliorum mediorum. Exempli gratia, [[M. C. Escher]] paradoxa [[perspectivum|in perspectivo condita]] in multis [[adumbratio]]nibus posuit, quibus parietes pavimenta videntur, ac scalae ascendere sine fine videntur.<ref>Amira Skomorowska, [http://aminotes.tumblr.com/post/653017235/the-mathematical-art-of-m-c-escher-for-me-it "The Mathematical Art of M. C. Escher,"] ''Lapidarium notes.''</ref><ref>Hughes et Brecht 1975:1–8.</ref> [[Willardus Van Orman Quine]] (1966) tria genera paradoxorum distinxit: # Paradoxum veridicum, quod eventum efficit qui absurdus videtur sed nihilominus verus demonstrari potest (exempla: natalitio Friderici in ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]],'' [[theorema sagittae quae fieri non potest]], [[paradoxum Monty Hall]], et in [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]], paradoxa [[paradoxum Hilbertianum Deversorii Grandis|Hilbertiani Deversorii Grandis]] et [[feles Schrödingerana|felis Schrödingeranae]]); # Paradoxum falsidicum, quod eventum efficit qui falsus non solum apparet, sed etiam falsus est, propter fallaciam in [[demonstratio mathematica|demonstratione]] (exemplum: [[paradoxa Zenonis]]); # [[Antinomia]], paradoxum quod in neutrum genus digeri potest. Post autem opus Quineanum, genus quartum descriptum est: [[dialetheia]], paradoxum quod simul verum et falsum est. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Animalia paradoxa]] * [[Antinomia]] * [[Aporia]] * [[Contradictio]] * [[Dialectica]] * [[Dilemma]] * [[Dilemma captivi]] * [[Dilemma ethicum]] * [[Eubulides]] * [[Dilemma hystricis]] * [[Dilemma sociale]] * [[Experimentum cognitionis]] * [[Fallacia]] * [[Fallacia formalis]] * [[Infinitas]] * [[Ironia]] * [[Omnis testudo in alia testudine iacet]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Oxymoron||en|qid=Q169429}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Paradoxa Zenonis||en|qid=Q33378}} * [[Paradoxum Epimenideum]] * [[Paradoxum Fermianum]] * [[Paradoxum geminorum]] * [[Paradoxum Israeliticum]] * [[Paradoxum natalium]] * [[Paradoxum spectatoris]] * [[Paradoxum suspendii inopinati]] * [[Paradoxographia]] * [[Problema]] * [[Theodicaea]] * [[Thesea navis]] * [[Trivialismus]]<!-- + *[[Four-valued logic]] *[[Impossible object]] *[[List of paradoxes]] *[[Mu (negative)]] *[[Paradox of value]] *[[Paradoxes of material implication]] *[[Plato's beard]] *[[Revision theory]] *[[Self-refuting idea]]s *[[Syntactic ambiguity]] *[[Temporal paradox]] *[[Twin paradox]]--> {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bolander, Thomas. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-reference/ ''Self-Reference.''] The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. * Crossley, J. N., C. J. Ash. C. J. Brickhill, J. C. Stillwell, et N. H. Williams. [[1972]]. ''What is mathematical logic?'' Londinii, Oxoniae, Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-888087-1. * Eliason, James L. [[1996]]. [http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/9604072434/using-paradoxes-teach-critical-thinking-science Using Paradoxes to Teach Critical Thinking in Science.] ''Journal of College Science Teaching'' 15 (5): 341–344. * Hughes, Patrick, et George Brecht.[[1975]]. ''Vicious Circles and Infinity: A Panoply of Paradoxes.'' Garden City Novi Eboraci: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-09917-7. * Poundstone, William. [[1989]]. ''Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge.'' Anchor. * Quine, Willars Van Orman. [[1966]]. The ways of paradox. In ''The Ways of Paradox, and other essays.'' Novi Eboraci: Random House. * Sainsbury, Mark. [[1988]]. ''Paradoxes.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Sorensens, Roy. [[2003]]. ''A Brief History of the Paradox: Philosophy and the Labyrinths of the Mind.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515903-9. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Paradoxes|paradoxa}} * Cantini, Andrea. [[2012]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradoxes-contemporary-logic/ Paradoxes and Contemporary Logic.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * Spade, Paul Vincent. [[2013]]. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/insolubles Insolubles.] ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' ed. Edward N. Zalta. * {{dmoz|Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Logic/Paradoxes/|Paradoxes}} [[Categoria:Logica]] [[Categoria:Logica philosophica]]<!--[[Categoria:Notiones in logica]]--> [[Categoria:Notiones in metaphysica]] [[Categoria:Paradoxa| ]] {{Myrias|Philosophia}} 0z4t9va7invnvdkco1j9cff5zp93h0q 0 266933 3987178 3982362 2026-09-10T16:58:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in CLP.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Cloppenburgensi]] '''Circulus terrae Cloppenburgensis'''<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893">Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide: Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Quamquam auctor Egli vocabulum “Comitatus” adhibet ad reddendum terminum Germanicum ''(Land)kreis'', in hoc articulo praeferendum est vocabulum “Circulus (terrae)”, quo utitur Petrus Lucusaltianus in suo opere ''Lexicum Latinum Hodiernum''.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Cloppenburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Kloppenbuurich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Cloppenborg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1939]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad Ducatum et Rem Publicam [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Oldenburgensem]] pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Cloppenburgum]] est. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis]]. Fuit divisus in magistratus Cloppenburgi, Löningen atque Frisoythe. Anno [[1933]] Frisoythe magistratus cum Cloppenburgo coniunctus est, anno 1939 novus circulus Cloppenburgensis conditus est. Ab anno 1946 circulo cum tota civitate Oldenburgensi ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pervenit. Anno [[1974]] fines circuli nuper descripti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Assini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'') (8676) * [[Barsela]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'') (12.714 incolae) * [[Borsla]]<ref name="Niemeyer 2012">Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'') (7725) * [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]<ref name="Philippi II 1894">Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'') (6821) * [[Cloppenburgum]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'') urbs, commune sui iuris et caput circuli (33.798) * [[Emphstece]]<ref name="Emphstece">Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur "(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece" (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'') (11.855) * [[Frisoyta]]<ref name="Frisoyta">Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur "(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'') commune sui iuris et urbs (21.918) * [[Garrel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'') (14.634) * [[Lasdorpe]]<ref name="Lasdorpe">Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur "(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'') (6902) * [[Lindern (Oldenburgum)|Lindern]] (4709) * [[Löningen]] (13.270) * [[Molbergen]] (8429) * [[Saterland]] commune, cuius sedes est Ramsloh (13.283) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Cloppenburg|Circulum Cloppenburgensem}} * [https://www.lkclp.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cloppenburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1939]] 3lfox8tc5320ghrw8pbr42r7ri4hxhn 2 267121 3987199 3819354 2026-09-10T18:05:45Z Eiliv 91059 3987199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:la-0|nn|nb|en-2}} Sum Aelīpus fīlius Gaerī [[Norvegia|norvegēnsis]]. [[nn:Brukar:Eiliv]] [[en:User:Eiliv]] [[de:Benutzer:Eiliv]] [[is:Notandi:Eiliv]] [[ang:Brūcend:Eiliv]] [[nb:bruker:Eiliv]] [[sv:Användare:Eiliv]] [[da:Bruger:Eiliv]] [[got:𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃:Eiliv]] [[fo:Brúkari:Eiliv]] a2480s1hdzkkynjdkl3cvi1fsq4ad1r 0 267154 3987221 3986890 2026-09-10T22:32:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus " Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur: {{div col|2}} * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139) ** [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'') (3251) ** [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'') (478) ** [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571) ** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856) ** [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181) ** [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019) ** [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'') oppidum (1734) ** [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'') (1559) ** [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'') (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'') oppidum (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) * [[Visurgis Medius (commune generale)|Visurgis Medius]]<ref name="Mittelweser">[Theodiscum praefixum "Mittel-'' Latino adiectivo "medius-a-um"] et Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-weser'' Latino hydronymo "[[Visurgis|Visurgis-is]]" vertitur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelweser'') commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'') (1668) ** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'') (2338) ** [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'') (2730) ** [[Leese]] (1638) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) {{div col end}} == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]] <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] ahddlwi7qsqi99pxhxgux43338cctjn 3987222 3987221 2026-09-10T22:39:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus " Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur: {{div col|2}} * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139) ** [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'') (3251) ** [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'') (478) ** [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571) ** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856) ** [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181) ** [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019) ** [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'') oppidum (1734) ** [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'') (1559) ** [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'') (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'') oppidum (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) * [[Visurgis Medius (commune generale)|Visurgis Medius]]<ref name="Mittelweser">[Theodiscum praefixum "Mittel-'' Latino adiectivo "medius-a-um"] et Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-weser'' Latino hydronymo "[[Visurgis|Visurgis-is]]" vertitur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelweser'') commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'') (1668) ** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'') (2338) ** [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'') (2730) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) ** [[Lyese]]<ref name="Lyese">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur "(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')</small> (1638) {{div col end}} == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]] <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] klk7cm6s1rqkveroxw7anlab2f0nby6 3987223 3987222 2026-09-10T22:40:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus " Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur: {{div col|2}} * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bukina]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139) ** [[Eystharpa]]<ref name="-tharpa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-tharpa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'') (3251) ** [[Gandesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'') (478) ** [[Hamelhusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571) ** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]<ref name="Hasela">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856) ** [[Hilgermissa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181) ** [[Hoya]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]<ref name="Indago Comitis Hoyae">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019) ** [[Arx Draconis]]<ref name="Egger 1977">Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'') oppidum (1734) ** [[Hasburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'') (1559) ** [[Heemsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'') (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-avia-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'') oppidum (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) * [[Visurgis Medius (commune generale)|Visurgis Medius]]<ref name="Mittelweser">[Theodiscum praefixum "Mittel-'' Latino adiectivo "medius-a-um"] et Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-weser'' Latino hydronymo "[[Visurgis|Visurgis-is]]" vertitur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelweser'') commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorpium]]<ref name="-torpium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-torpium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'') (1668) ** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'') (2338) ** [[Landesberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'') (2730) ** [[Lyese]]<ref name="Lyese">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur "(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')</small> (1638) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) {{div col end}} == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]] <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 3dbydisaos1cpma3q2zddfv59y9fk8h 0 267396 3987190 3986465 2026-09-10T17:34:33Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in ROW.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Rotenburg (Wümme)]] '''Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Landkreis Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Rotenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Rodenborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit, cum circulus antiquus Vordae Bremensis<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') ad Rotenburgum adiunctus esset. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: {{div col|2}} * [[Gnarrenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg'': [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'') (9238) * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]], caput circuli (21.392) * [[Scheeßel]] (12.946) * [[Visselhövede]], oppidum (10.199) * [[Vorda Bremensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'') urbs (18.645) * [[Botela (commune generale)|Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')commune generale (8231) ** [[Botela]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel''), sedes administrationis (2428) ** [[Broclina]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'') (1320) ** [[Hemsbunda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'') (1178) ** [[Hemslinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'') (1405) ** [[Kirchwalseda]]<ref name="-e"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'') (1161) ** [[Westerwalsede]] (739) * [[Fons Geestensis (commune generale)|Fons Geestensis]]<ref name="FG">[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/fons?wb=gross&nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-quelle'' Latino vocabulo "fons fontis" vertitur]; Latinum autem gentilicium "Geestensis-e" ad flumen [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]] (Theodisce ''Geeste'') refertur. Quo de hydronymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)"</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Geestequelle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Geestborn'') commune generale (6449) ** [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'') (864) ** [[Basdalum]]<ref name="Meiborn III 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'') (1430) ** [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'') (1058) ** [[Hepstidi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'') (1237) ** [[Oerel]], sedes administrationis (1860) * [[Selsingen (commune generale)|Selsingen]] commune generale (9631) ** [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi: Accesserunt instrumenta diplomatica ubi de parochiis Alvstedii et Bremervördae agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'') (880) ** [[Deinstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'') (658) ** [[Farva]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'') (634) ** [[Ostereistedt]] (914) ** [[Rhade]] (1126) ** [[Sandbostel]] (822) ** [[Seedorf]] (950) ** [[Selsingen]], sedes administrationis (3647) * [[Sittensen (commune generale)|Sittensen]] commune generale (11.009) ** [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]<ref name="Kalbe">Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma "Calba" latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'') (551) ** [[Hamersa]]<ref name="-a"/> (453) ** [[Lengenbostel]] (455) ** [[Meckelsa Maior]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="KleinGrosse">De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum "Klein" et "Gross" per Latina "Minor-us" et "Maior-ius", vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., & Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'') (466) ** [[Meckelsa Minor]]<ref name="-a"/><ref name="KleinGrosse"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'') (902) ** [[Sittensen]], sedes administrationis (5765) ** [[Tiste]] (876) ** [[Vierden]] (768) ** [[Wohnste]] (773) * [[Sottrum (commune generale)|Sottrum]] commune generale (14.444) ** [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'') (1888) ** [[Boitersena]]<ref name="Mindermann 2001">Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.</ref> [Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'') (1070) ** [[Hassendorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'') (1120) ** [[Hellwega]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'') (1041) ** [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'') (1293) ** [[Reeßum]] (1679) ** [[Sottrum]], sedes administrationis (6353) * [[Tarmstedt (commune generale)|Tarmstedt]] commune generale (10.796) ** [[Bredthorpium]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873">Ehmck, D. R., & von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'') (1065) ** [[Bulsteda]]<ref name="Ehmck & Bippen 1873"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'') (753) ** [[Hepstadium]]<ref name="-stadt">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-stadium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'') (987) ** [[Kirchtimka]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'') (974) ** [[Tarmstedt]], sedes administrationis (3819) ** [[Vorwerk]] (1029) ** [[Westertimke]] (431) ** [[Wilstedt]] (1738) * [[Vintlum (commune generale)|Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') commune generale (7461) ** [[Helvesiecca]]<ref name="-siek">Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-ecca-ae" seu "-eca-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)". Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'') (792) ** [[Lauenbruga]]<ref name="-bruga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bruga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch''), sedes administrationis (2266) ** [[Stemmen]] (844) ** [[Vahlde]] (674) ** [[Vintlum]]<ref name="Vintlum">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'') (2885) * [[Zeven (commune generale)|Zeven]] commune generale (22.812) ** [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'') (2046) ** [[Gyhum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'') (2250) ** [[Heeslingen]] (4756) ** [[Zeven]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (13.760) {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)|Circulum Rotenburg (Wümme)}} * [http://lk-row.de/ Pagina officialis] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rotenburg (Wümme) circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 1hdx86zhyshgd1pk1ey5ckrw2t2dxqy 0 267419 3987189 3985554 2026-09-10T17:28:47Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]] '''Circulus Theorosburgensis'''<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Schaumburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Schaumburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Schaumborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}},</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')< urbs (19.182) * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814) * [[Obernkirchen]], oppidum (9196) * [[Rinteln]] (25.187) * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'') (6315 incolae) * [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715) ** [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'') (1045) ** [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'') (724) ** [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480) ** [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'') (1385) ** [[Luhden]] (1081) * [[Lindhorst (commune generale)|Lindhorst]] commune generale (7796) ** [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'') (1442) ** [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'') (938) ** [[Lindhorst]], sedes administrationis (4351) ** [[Lüdersfeld]] (1065) * [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'') commune generale (16.960) ** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649) ** [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'') (2749) ** [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'') (2076) ** [[Suthfeld]] (1486) * [[Niedernwöhren (commune generale)|Niedernwöhren]] commune generale (8115) ** [[Lauenhagen]] (1338) ** [[Meerbeck]] (1965) ** [[Niedernwöhren]], sedes administrationis (1978) ** [[Nordsehl]] (730) ** [[Pollhagen]] (1104) ** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000) * [[Nienstädt (commune generale)|Nienstädt]] commune generale Nienstädt (10.111) ** [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen''), sedes administrationis (1944) ** [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'') (2058) ** [[Nienstädt]] (4566) ** [[Seggebruch]] (1543) * [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562) ** [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'') ** [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'') (1049) ** [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'') oppidum (4100) ** [[Messenkamp]] (744) ** [[Pohle]] (851) ** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348) * [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253) ** [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'') oppidum (4494) ** [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'') (1274) ** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911) ** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}} * [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] huay47dc635qj8rqs0oqwc3412xcsn5 3987205 3987189 2026-09-10T18:34:45Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]] '''Circulus Theorosburgensis'''<ref name="Landkreis Schaumburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Theorosburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Theorosburgensis-e", quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Schaumburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Schaumburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Schaumborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Bocensis]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}},</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')< urbs (19.182) * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814) * [[Obernkirchen]], oppidum (9196) * [[Rinteln]] (25.187) * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'') (6315 incolae) * [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715) ** [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'') (1045) ** [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]<ref name="Wilmans & Hoogeweg VI 1898">Wilmans, R., & Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'') (724) ** [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480) ** [[Heessa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'') (1385) ** [[Luhden]] (1081) * [[Lindhorst (commune generale)|Lindhorst]] commune generale (7796) ** [[Beckedorfium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'') (1442) ** [[Heuerssa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'') (938) ** [[Lindhorst]], sedes administrationis (4351) ** [[Lüdersfeld]] (1065) * [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'') commune generale (16.960) ** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649) ** [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'') (2749) ** [[Hohnhorstium]]<ref name="-horstium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-horstium-i". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'') (2076) ** [[Suthfeld]] (1486) * [[Niedernwöhren (commune generale)|Niedernwöhren]] commune generale (8115) ** [[Lauenhaga]]<ref name="-haga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-haga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'') (1338) ** [[Meerbeck]] (1965) ** [[Niedernwöhren]], sedes administrationis (1978) ** [[Nordsehl]] (730) ** [[Pollhagen]] (1104) ** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000) * [[Nienstädt (commune generale)|Nienstädt]] commune generale Nienstädt (10.111) ** [[Helpsa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen''), sedes administrationis (1944) ** [[Hespa]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'') (2058) ** [[Nienstädt]] (4566) ** [[Seggebruch]] (1543) * [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562) ** [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'') ** [[Hulseda]]<ref name="-e">Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae". Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'') (1049) ** [[Leonovia]]<ref name="Leonovia">Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'') oppidum (4100) ** [[Messenkamp]] (744) ** [[Pohle]] (851) ** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348) * [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253) ** [[Hagenburgum]]<ref name="-burg">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-burgum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'') oppidum (4494) ** [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'') (1274) ** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911) ** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}} * [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] s6rrcqdw5uejcqyoi7gg5pn6jk6d6m0 0 267467 3987172 3986393 2026-09-10T16:36:47Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VER.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communia in circulo Fardensi.]] '''Circulus terrae Fardensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Fardensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Verden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Fardensis-e", quod ad [[Fardium]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Verden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Veern''), est pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus. == De rebus gestis == Ager huius circuli post [[Bellum triginta annorum]] anno [[1648]] finitum pars [[Suecia]]e factus est. Tum anno [[1714]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] translatus est. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Annis [[1810]] - [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] hanc regionem suscepit. Tum anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] regnum Hannoveranum subegit et circulus Fardensis pars huius civitatis factus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1972]] et [[2006]] circulus Fardensis fines hodiernas accepit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale coniuncti sunt: * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.156 incolae) * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'') (8993) * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern''), urbs et caput circuli (26.997) * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> [[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'') (14.414) * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> (10.132) * [[Ottersberg]] (12.443) * [[Oyten]] (15.604) * [[Thedinghausen (commune generale)|Thedinghausen]] commune generale (14.906) ** [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'') (2856) ** [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'') (1504) ** [[Riede]] (2742) ** [[Thedinghausen]], sedes administrationis (7804) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Verden|Circulum Fardensem}} * [http://www.landkreis-verden.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] a2laqcydsgeyef0102q6212vdpwrhzn 3987173 3987172 2026-09-10T16:37:46Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VER.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communia in circulo Fardensi.]] '''Circulus terrae Fardensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Fardensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Verden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Fardensis-e", quod ad [[Fardium]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Verden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Veern''), est pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus. == De rebus gestis == Ager huius circuli post [[Bellum triginta annorum]] anno [[1648]] finitum pars [[Suecia]]e factus est. Tum anno [[1714]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] translatus est. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Annis [[1810]] - [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] hanc regionem suscepit. Tum anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] regnum Hannoveranum subegit et circulus Fardensis pars huius civitatis factus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1972]] et [[2006]] circulus Fardensis fines hodiernas accepit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale coniuncti sunt: * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.156 incolae) * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'') (8993) * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern''), urbs et caput circuli (26.997) * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'') [[oppidum]] (14.414) * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> (10.132) * [[Ottersberg]] (12.443) * [[Oyten]] (15.604) * [[Thedinghausen (commune generale)|Thedinghausen]] commune generale (14.906) ** [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'') (2856) ** [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'') (1504) ** [[Riede]] (2742) ** [[Thedinghausen]], sedes administrationis (7804) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Verden|Circulum Fardensem}} * [http://www.landkreis-verden.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 4cip7qn79tpqlbnhy3v9kpaqivbgymj 3987174 3987173 2026-09-10T16:38:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3987174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VER.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communia in circulo Fardensi.]] '''Circulus terrae Fardensis'''<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Fardensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Verden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Fardensis-e", quod ad [[Fardium]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Verden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Veern''), est pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus. == De rebus gestis == Ager huius circuli post [[Bellum triginta annorum]] anno [[1648]] finitum pars [[Suecia]]e factus est. Tum anno [[1714]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] translatus est. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Annis [[1810]] - [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] hanc regionem suscepit. Tum anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] regnum Hannoveranum subegit et circulus Fardensis pars huius civitatis factus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1972]] et [[2006]] circulus Fardensis fines hodiernas accepit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale coniuncti sunt: * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.156 incolae) * [[Dorverda]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'') (8993) * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern''), urbs et caput circuli (26.997) * [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]<ref name="Langwedel">Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220) (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'') [[oppidum]] (14.414) * [[Lintlo]]<ref name="Lintlo">Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)".</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')</small> (10.132) * [[Ottersberg]] (12.443) * [[Oyten]] (15.604) * [[Thedinghausen (commune generale)|Thedinghausen]] commune generale (14.906) ** [[Blenderum]]<ref name="Brosius 1993">Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'') (2856) ** [[Emtinghusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'') (1504) ** [[Riede]] (2742) ** [[Thedinghausen]], sedes administrationis (7804) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Verden|Circulum Fardensem}} * [http://www.landkreis-verden.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] k8kwg32i1rctnwvcj5ewd0yo8kpj1of 14 293688 3987293 3615931 2026-09-11T11:34:18Z Samoasambia 57247 removing interwiki 3987293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{CommuniaCat|Kattegat|Kattegat}} [[Categoria:Mare Balticum]] [[Categoria:Res geographicae Daniae]] [[Categoria:Res geographicae Sueciae]] a6ezggr85x35avcexgjwt6thg7ipais 0 294556 3987093 3894187 2026-09-10T13:25:23Z Iktsokh 164199 3987093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kuma–Manych Depression.JPG|thumb|Despectus in Depressionem Kumo-Manyczensem in [[photographema]]te spatiali.]] '''Depressio Kumo-Manyczensis'''<ref>{{ZK|Кумо-Манычская впадина}}</ref> est arta et longa [[demissio]] terrestris inter [[elevatio]]nes [[elevatio Ergeni|Ergeni]]<ref>Ibid., s.v. Ергени, возв.</ref> et [[elevatio Stauropolitana|Stauropolitanam]]<ref>Ibid., s.v. Ставропольская возвышенность.</ref> sita. [[Fretum]] est antiquum, quod 15 vel 17 milibus annorum ante [[palus Maeotis|paludem Maeotidem]] et [[mare Caspium]] coniungebat. [[Fasciculus:Manych river.jpg|thumb|Manycz in depressione prope ad urbem Proletariatus (''Proletarsk'').]] Flumina [[Manycz Orientalis]] et [[Manycz Occidentalis]] per [[depressio (geographia)|depressionem]] fluunt; Manycz Occidentalis in [[Tanais|Tanaitem]] influit (quod in [[Palus Maeotis|Maeotidem]] se effundit), Manycz Orientalis per [[lacus Sostini|lacus Sostinos]] (''Sostinskije'') ad mare Caspium [[aqua]]s fert, sed rarissime mare attingit. Kalaus flumen antea saepe fluxus mutabat et alios annos in Manycz Orientalem influit, alios in Occidentalem. Nunc [[moles (agger)|aggere]] a Manycz Orientali separatus est et ambo Manycz flumina aliquot aggeribus obstructa [[receptaculum aquae|receptacula aquae]] implent. Etiam [[Kuma]] flumen per depressionem in mare Caspium fluit. In re publica [[Calmuccia]] et [[Regio Rostoviensis|regione Rostoviensi]] et [[Territorium Stauropolitanum|τerritoriο Stauropolitanο]] [[Russia]]e depressio Kumo-Manyczensis sita est. [[Ciscaucasia]]e depressio Kumo-Manyczensis finis est; aliquando et [[confinium Europae et Asiae]] habetur. ==Notae== <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kumo-Manyczensis, depressio}} [[Categoria:Calmuccia]] [[Categoria:Mare Caspium]] [[Categoria:Palus Maeotis]] [[Categoria:Regio Rostoviensis]] [[Categoria:Res geographicae Russiae]] [[Categoria:Territorium Stauropolitanum]] 798yn3okpljuqxox5052bm4fz583wuq 0 295494 3987272 3887339 2026-09-11T10:13:54Z Pippobuono 54500 capsa et fontes et lifetime 3987272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} '''Alexander Kojève''' (natus die [[28 Aprilis]] [[1902]]; mortuus die [[4 Iunii]] [[1968]]) fuit [[philosophia|philosophus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] origine [[Russia|Russica]], qui [[interpretatio]]nem [[hermeneutica]]e et [[historia|historicae]] [[Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel|Georgii Gulielmi Friderici Hegelii]] fecit. Modus academicus{{dubsig}} [[philosophia continentalis]], [[philosophia religionis|religionis]], [[existentialista]], et [[placita Marxiana]] fuit. Magister suus [[Carolus Jaspers]] fuit, et eius [[alma mater]] [[Universitas Berolinensis]] deinde [[Universitas Heidelbergensis]] fuit. Legatus [[Communitas oeconomica Europaea|Communitatis oeconomicae Europaeae]] fuit. == Nexus externi == *[https://iep.utm.edu/kojeve/ De Alexandro Kojève] {{CommuniaCat|Alexandre Kojève|Alexandrum Kojève}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1902|1968|Kojeve, Alexander}} [[Categoria:Philosophi Franciae]] gcvftgleaqdisqid0hq3joktdsp4zzx 0 302905 3987257 3856283 2026-09-11T05:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa pelliculae|Imago=Rock-Dog-logo-400x265.png|Annus=[[2016]]|Latinus titulus=Rock Dog|Genus=[[Comoedia|comica]]<br>[[musica]]le|Moderator=[[Ash Brannon]]|Factor=Amber Wang<br>David B. Miller<br>Rob Feng<br>Joyce Lou<br>Zheng Jun|Scriptor=Ash Brannon<br>Kurt Voelker|Fabula ab=Ash Brannon<br>Zheng Jun|Fundata in=''Tibetan Rock Dog'' ab [[Zheng Jun]]|Actores=[[J. K. Simmons]]<br>[[Luke Wilson]]<br>[[Eddie Izzard]]<br>[[Lewis Black]]<br>[[Kenan Thompson]]<br>[[Mae Whitman]]<br>[[Jorge Garcia]]<br>[[Matt Dillon]]<br>[[Sam Elliott]]|Compositor=[[Rolfe Kent]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2015/03/19/rolfe-kent-scoring-tibetan-rock-dog/|title=Rolfe Kent Scoring 'Tibetan Rock Dog'|publisher=Film Music Reporter|date=19 Martii 2015|accessdate=4 Augusti 2015}}.</ref>|Redactor=Ivan Bilancio<br>Ed Fuller|Officina={{Plainlist| *Mandoo Pictures *[[Huayi Brothers|Huayi Tencent Entertainment Company]] *Eracme Entertainment *Dream Factory Group *[[Reel FX Creative Studios|Reel FX Animation Studios]] *Timeless Films }}|Editor={{Plainlist| *[[Huayi Brothers]] <small>(Res publica popularis Sinarum)</small> *[[Summit Entertainment|Summit Premiere]] <small>(Civitates Foederatae Americae<ref>{{cite web|title=Rock Dog|website=Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2822672/}}</ref>).</small> }}|Dies editionis=8 Iulii 2016 <small>(Res publica popularis Sinarum)</small><br>24 Februarii 2017 <small>(Civitates Foederatae Americae)</small>|Duratio=89 min|Natio=[[Res publica popularis Sinarum]]<br>[[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]|Lingua=[[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]|Impensa=$60 million|Venditio ex theatro=$24.1 million}} '''''Rock Dog''''' est [[animatio|animata]] [[res futurae|rerum futurarum]] [[pellicula]] [[computatrum|computatralis]] [[tribus amplitudinibus]]{{dubsig}} ab [[Ash Brannon]] [[moderator cinematographicus|moderatore cinematographico]] ducta annoque [[2016]] edita. == Voces == * [[Luke Wilson]] ut{{dubsig}} Bodi ([[Canis]]) * [[Eddie Izzard]] ut Angus Scattergood ([[Feles]]) * [[J. K. Simmons]] ut Khampa (Canis) * [[Lewis Black]] ut Linnux ([[Lupus]]) * [[Kenan Thompson]] ut Riff (Lupus) * [[Mae Whitman]] ut Darma ([[Vulpes vulpes]]) * [[Jorge Garcia]] ut Germur ([[Capra aegagrus hircus]]) * [[Matt Dillon]] ut Trey ([[Uncia uncia]]) * [[Sam Elliott]] ut Fleetwood Yak ([[Bos grunniens]]) == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Imdb title|2822672|hac pellicula}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191215020956/http://rockdogmovie.com/ Pelliculae pagina interretialis] {{cine-stipula}} [[Categoria:Canes ficti]] [[Categoria:Catti ficti]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae 2016]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae animatae]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae comoedicae]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae musicae]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae Sinenses]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae animatae Civitatum Foederatarum]] f4lgztsegab7aop3gdpqqtbqipdecsl 0 305480 3987269 3871305 2026-09-11T10:06:11Z Pippobuono 54500 +fontes 3987269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} '''Everna'''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Evere''; [[Lingua Batava|Batave]]: ''Evere'') est [[commune]] [[Belgica]]e {{formatnum:45984}} incolarum (anno [[2026]]), pars [[Bruxellae (regio)|Regionis Bruxellanae Capitalis]]. [[Fasciculus:Evere - Église Saint-Vincent - 001.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Everna: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Vincentius|Sancto Vincentio]] dicata.]] {{NexInt}} * [[Communia regionis Bruxellanae|Index communium regionis Bruxellanae]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Evere|Evernam}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Everna]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati Belgicae]] b2xtbh4eo11e1fy03etgvn3mejwf7zf 3 310008 3987216 3802580 2026-09-10T20:29:15Z Grufo 64423 /* Paginae autotranslatae */ Nova pars 3987216 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pages resulting from machine translation == Hi. You appear to be creating pages that are the result of machine translation without editing or correcting. They are mostly not in Latin, and in general people who read Latin cannot understand them. Normally, unless the author or someone else corrects them within 7 days, such pages will be deleted. If you know no Latin you risk wasting your time by doing this, unless you can persuade someone who knows Latin to help with your pages. I have moved to your userspace seven pages that were created more than a weekago and are not yet of acceptable quality, Here they are: [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Rabbi Akiva]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Trianguli (ierusalem)‎]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Nahalat Shiv'a]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Medio districtu Israelis‎]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Ami Assaf (schola)]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Petah Tikva‎]], [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן/Rabbi Ioel Mose Salomon]]. The pages that you created most recently are in mainspace, awaiting improvement. If that doesn't happen, after about 7 days they will be deleted or moved to your userspace, as you prefer. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:28, 30 Novembris 2023 (UTC) : {{Tpe|Addition}} [[Specialis:Praefixa/Usor:נתנאל_שטרן/|Here]] you can find an index with all the subpages currently in your personal space. Aliquando fortasse machinae Latine loquentur, mox fortasse, sed hodie nondum est ille dies. Spero te Vicipaediam Latinam sine nimis multis machinis adiuturum esse. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:49, 30 Novembris 2023 (UTC) :: do you can to help me? <!-- Substitutio "Formula:Usor non subscripsit" (secundum recensionem 3786500) hic incipit --><small class="autosigned">— ''Commentationem pristinam [[Vicipaedia:Subscriptio|non subscriptam]] usor [[Usor:נתנאל_שטרן|נתנאל_שטרן]]&thinsp;_{([[Disputatio Usoris:נתנאל_שטרן|disputatio]] • [[Specialis:Conlationes/נתנאל_שטרן|conlationes]])} hora 14:42, die [[30 Novembris]] [[2023‎]] scripsit''.</small><!-- Substitutio "Formula:Usor non subscripsit" hic finit --> :::I'm sorry, I don't have time. You can ask at the [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]. Some editors have been helping already (see the page histories), but we are few, and you are making a lot of new work for us. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:54, 30 Novembris 2023 (UTC) ::I glad for any help to latinization of pages [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:נתנאל שטרן|disputatio]]) 15:04, 30 Novembris 2023 (UTC) == Paginae autotranslatae == Salve, נתנאל שטרן. Video te multas paginas autotranslatas creavisse. Quaeso, desine novas paginas hocmodo creare. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:28, 10 Septembris 2026 (UTC) 845zxdrukdld3qs5mmyws59sd7s6iwo 0 313140 3987165 3986936 2026-09-10T16:23:19Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3987165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Gravure door Reinier van Persijn.jpg|thumb|Olor musicus. Imago aeri incisa (1655).]] {{res|Oloris cantus}}<ref>Plinius Maior X.63: “{{lectio|olorum}} morte narratur flebilis {{lectio|cantus}}”.</ref> vel {{res|cantus olorinus}}<ref>[[Sidonius Apollinaris]], ''Epistulae'' VIII.9.4: ''cantuum ... olorinorum quorum est modulatior clangor in poenis''.</ref> sive {{res|cygnea cantio}}<ref>Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander (ed.): [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011719397 “Schwanengesang”] - apud: ''Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon'', tomus 4. Lipsiae 1876, col. 417-418</ref> est [[Figura dicendi|locutio figurata]] e loco [[Plato|Platonici]] ''[[Phaedo (Plato)|Phaedonis]]'' ducta, ubi [[Socrates]] sese cum [[olor|oloribus]], [[Apollo|Apollinis]] [[aves|avibus]], comparat, dicens eos, [[mors|morte]] appropinquante, futurorum praescienta a [[deus|deo]] donatos, plura atque [[pulchritudo|pulchriora]] canere,<ref>85a: ''ᾄδοντες καὶ ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ, τότε δὴ πλεῖστα καὶ κάλλιστα ᾄδουσι, γεγηθότες ὅτι μέλλουσι παρὰ τὸν θεὸν ἀπιέναι οὗπέρ εἰσι θεράποντες'' = 'canunt quidem et antea sed tunc plurime et pulcherrime, quia gaudent quod profecturi sint apud deum cuius sunt ministri'.</ref> quam in cetera vita quia felicitatem eos opperientem senserunt. Homines econtra quia ipsi mortem reformidant falso putant cycnos vitam finientem ita plorare. Iam [[Aeschylus]] eidem fabulae alluserat.<ref>''[[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)|Agamemnon]]'' 1443-5: ([[Clytaemestra|Clytemnestra]] de [[Cassandra]]:) ''ἡ δέ τοι κύκνου δίκην // τὸν ὕστατον μέλψασα θανάσιμον γόον // κεῖται'' = Haec cygni modo ultimum modulata mortalem gemitum iacet.</ref> An revera olores morientes ita canant alia quaestio: iam [[Plinius Maior]] id negabat, e quibusdam experimentis certior factus ut dicebat.<ref>Loc. laud.{{dubsig}}</ref> Hodie haec locutio de pulchro opere adhibetur aut alio magno incepto quod [[artifex]] quidam, paulo antequam moreretur aut alia de causa artem deponere cogeretur, velut ultimum fulgorem, ut ita dicam, ante [[nox|noctem]] profundam effecerit. Ita exempli gratia carminum posthumorum [[Franciscus Schubert|Francisci Schubert]] collectaneum sub titulo ''Schwanengesang'' (“Oloris cantus”) publicatum est. {{NexInt}} * ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Cycnus Liguriensis||en=Cycnus of Liguria}}'' * ''[[Cycnus olor]]'' ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.zeno.org/Brockhaus-1809/B/Der+Schwanengesang?hl=schwanengesang “Der Schwanengesang”] - apud: ''Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon'', tomus 8, Lipsiae 1811, p. 350 == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Aeschylus]] [[Categoria:Cygnus]] [[Categoria:Locutiones multilingues]] [[Categoria:Plato]] 7i0ya5o3q3lleques7lbsut6vmlv5j0 3987167 3987165 2026-09-10T16:23:55Z Grufo 64423 3987167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Gravure door Reinier van Persijn.jpg|thumb|Olor musicus. Imago aeri incisa (1655).]] {{res|Oloris cantus}}<ref>Plinius Maior X.63: “{{lectio|olorum}} morte narratur flebilis {{lectio|cantus}}”.</ref> vel {{res|cantus olorinus}}<ref>[[Sidonius Apollinaris]], ''Epistulae'' VIII.9.4: ''cantuum ... olorinorum quorum est modulatior clangor in poenis''.</ref> sive {{res|cygnea cantio}}<ref>Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander (ed.): [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011719397 “Schwanengesang”] - apud: ''Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon'', tomus 4. Lipsiae 1876, col. 417-418</ref> est [[Figura dicendi|locutio figurata]] e loco [[Plato|Platonici]] ''[[Phaedo (Plato)|Phaedonis]]'' ducta, ubi [[Socrates]] sese cum [[olor|oloribus]], [[Apollo|Apollinis]] [[aves|avibus]], comparat, dicens eos, [[mors|morte]] appropinquante, futurorum praescienta a [[deus|deo]] donatos, plura atque [[pulchritudo|pulchriora]] canere,<ref>85a: ''ᾄδοντες καὶ ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ, τότε δὴ πλεῖστα καὶ κάλλιστα ᾄδουσι, γεγηθότες ὅτι μέλλουσι παρὰ τὸν θεὸν ἀπιέναι οὗπέρ εἰσι θεράποντες'' = 'canunt quidem et antea sed tunc plurime et pulcherrime, quia gaudent quod profecturi sint apud deum cuius sunt ministri'.</ref> quam in cetera vita quia felicitatem eos opperientem senserunt. Homines econtra quia ipsi mortem reformidant falso putant cycnos vitam finientem ita plorare. Iam [[Aeschylus]] eidem fabulae alluserat.<ref>''[[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)|Agamemnon]]'' 1443-5: ([[Clytaemestra|Clytemnestra]] de [[Cassandra]]:) ''ἡ δέ τοι κύκνου δίκην // τὸν ὕστατον μέλψασα θανάσιμον γόον // κεῖται'' = Haec cygni modo ultimum modulata mortalem gemitum iacet.</ref> An revera olores morientes ita canant alia quaestio: iam [[Plinius Maior]] id negabat, e quibusdam experimentis certior factus ut dicebat.<ref>Loc. laud.{{dubsig}}</ref> Hodie haec locutio de pulchro opere adhibetur aut alio magno incepto quod [[artifex]] quidam, paulo antequam moreretur aut alia de causa artem deponere cogeretur, velut ultimum fulgorem, ut ita dicam, ante [[nox|noctem]] profundam effecerit. Ita exempli gratia carminum posthumorum [[Franciscus Schubert|Francisci Schubert]] collectaneum sub titulo ''Schwanengesang'' (“Oloris cantus”) publicatum est. {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Cycnus Liguriensis||en|qid=Q1094710}} * ''[[Cycnus olor]]'' ==Nexus externi== * [http://www.zeno.org/Brockhaus-1809/B/Der+Schwanengesang?hl=schwanengesang “Der Schwanengesang”] - apud: ''Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon'', tomus 8, Lipsiae 1811, p. 350 == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Aeschylus]] [[Categoria:Cygnus]] [[Categoria:Locutiones multilingues]] [[Categoria:Plato]] inodtbvx0xxxpz3puzjiglvtanmllrv 2 319751 3987262 3986933 2026-09-11T09:04:25Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Dioecesis Sancti Deodati */ progressus 3987262 wikitext text/x-wiki = Utilia = == Ad civitates == <nowiki>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes geographici}}</nowiki> == Ad homines == <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>* {{CathHierBishop|}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes biographici}}</nowiki> = [[Sanctus Iulianus]] = <nowiki>{{discretiva}}</nowiki> '''Sanctus Iulianus''' ad complures sanctos refertur, nomine '''Iulianus'''. Inde multi loci nomini horum sanctorum vocantur. == Sancti == * [[Iulianus Hospitator]], martyr cum [[Sancta Basilissa]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebratur [[6 Ianuarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/86/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=86}}</ref> seu [[12 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5680/Saint-Julien-l-Hospitalier.html|titulus=Saint Julien l'Hospitalier|domus editoria=Nominis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Soranus]], martyr [[Sora (Italia)|Sorae]] in tempore [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=118}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5416/Saint-Julien-de-Sora.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saint Julien de Sora}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * ''Iulianus'' († [[250]]), et Eunus servus eius, martyres in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebrantur localiter [[27 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/713/Saints-Julien-et-Eunus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Julien et Eunus}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Carthaginensis]] († [[259]]), cum Lucio, [[Montanus Carthaginensis|Montano]], Victorico, Flaviano, Victori, Primole, Reno et Donatiano, martyres [[Carthago|Carthaginis]] in tempore [[Valerianus]], qui celebrantur [[23 Maii]]<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1208/Saints-Lucius--Montanus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Lucius, Montanus et leurs compagnons}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Occidente et [[24 Februarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=467&p=2172&hilit=+LUCIEN+MONTAN#p2172|domus editoria= Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 24 février du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Oriente. * [[Iulianus Terracinae]] († [[268]] seu [[269]]), sacerdos, et [[Cesarius Terracinae|Cesarius]], diaconus, martyres [[Terracina]]e in [[Campania]] in tempore [[Claude II le Gothique]], qui celebrantur [[7 Octobris]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/8465/Saints-Julien-et-Cesaire.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saints Julien et Césaire}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Emesensis]] († {{circa}} [[284]]), medicator natus [[Emesa]]e in [[Syria]], martyr, qui celebratur die [[6 Februarii]]. * [[Iulianus Brivatensis]] ([[saeculum 3|saeculum III]]), martyr in [[Arvernia]], qui celebratur [[28 Augusti]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1753/Saint-Julien-de-Brioude.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Brioude}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Cenomanensis]] ([[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]]), episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=119}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/516/Saint-Julien-du-Mans.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien du Mans}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Galatas]] († [[303]] seu [[305]] seu etiam [[320]] ?), forte sacerdos, cum quadraginta sociis, martyres in [[Galatia]] in tempore [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] seu [[Licinius|Licinii]] ; qui celebrantur [[13 Septembris]] in Occidente<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10401/Saint-Julien-de-Galatie.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Galatie}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> et [[12 Septembris]] in Oriente<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=921&p=4521&hilit=JULIEN+DE+GALATIE#p4521 |domus editoria=Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 12 septembre du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Tarse]] († entre [[305]] et [[311]]) ou ''Julien d'Antioche'', martyrisé pendant les persécutions de [[Galère (empereur romain)|Galère]], fêté le [[21 Iunii]] en Orient et le [[16 Martii]] dans l'Église latine. * [[Julien Sabas]] († [[377]]), ermite dans l'[[Osrohène]] en [[Mésopotamie]] (aujourd'hui en [[Irak]] et [[Turquie]]) ; fêté le [[18 Octobris]] en Orient<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=975&p=4923&hilit=JULIEN+SABAS#p4923 Forum orthodoxe.com] : saints pour le 18 octobre du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref> et le [[17 Ianuarii]] en Occident<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5222/Saint-Julien-Sabas.html Nominis] : Saint Julien Sabas {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien d'Orta]] († [[391]]), [[Diacre (christianisme)|diacre]], frère de [[Jules d'Orta|Jules]] le prêtre, fêté le [[31 Ianuarii]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5494/Saint-Jules.html Nominis] : Saints Jules et Saint Julien {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Vienne]] († après [[533]]<ref>[[Léon Cristiani]], [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1945_num_31_118_2986 ''Liste chronologique des saints de France, des origines à l'avènement des carolingiens (essai critique)''], Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1945, {{vol}}31, {{n°}}118, pp. 5-96, {{p.}}42</ref>), [[Liste des évêques et archevêques de Vienne (France)|évêque de Vienne]], assista au {{IIe}} [[concile d'Orléans]], fêté le [[22 Aprilis]]<ref>[[Jacques Longueval]], [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QyEIS6SsmHsC&vq=aspais&dq=PA392&hl=fr&pg=PA392#v= ''Histoire de l’Église gallicane''], vol. 2, 1732, p. 392</ref>. * [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]), avec ses neuf compagnons<ref>Les neuf compagnons martyrs de [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]) sont : Marcien, Jean, Jacques, Alexis, Démètre, Photios, Pierre et léonce, moines, et [[Marie la Patricienne]].</ref> martyrs sous [[Léon III l'Isaurien]] durant la persécution [[Iconoclasme|iconoclaste]] ; célébrés le [[9 Augusti]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/7834/Saints-Julien-et-ses-compagnons.html nominis.cef.fr] Nominis : Saints Julien et ses compagnons {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?t=143 www.forum-orthodoxe.com] Forum orthodoxe francophone : Saints pour le 9 août du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref>. *[[Petus Iulianus Eymard|Sanctus Iulianus Eymard]] (1811-1868), sacerdos [[Isère (département)|isérois]], fondateur de la [[Congrégation du Très-Saint-Sacrement|congrégation du Saint-Sacrement]]. Canonisé en 1963, qui celebratur die [[2 Augusti]]. * [[Iulianus Maunoir]] ([[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]]), sacerdos britannicus, qui celebratur die [[28 Ianuarii]].<ref>[{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/521/Saint-Julien-Maunoir.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien Maunoir}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> == Toponyma == === Francia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Corsica)|Sanctus Iulianus]] (Corsica) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Concellis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Voantis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]] (Sabaudia Superior) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani-Mons Dionisius]] (Sabaudia) === Italia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Molisium)|Sanctus Iulianus]], commune provinciae Campobassensis; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]], Urbs in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensis]]; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani Samniticum]], commune [[Provincia Campobassensis|provinciae Campobassensis]]; * [[Aquae Pisanae|Fanum Sancti Iuliani ad Aquas]], urbs [[Provincia Pisana|Provinciae Pisanae]]; == Notae et Fontes == <references /> [[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]] = [[Dioecesis Sancti Deodati]] = {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Saint-Dié}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Urbs Sancti Deodati|Sancti Deodati]] est, etsi episcopus [[Spinalium|Spinalii]] residet. Haec dioecesis anno 1777 condita est,<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/page/1741949070-histoire-du-diocese_|titulus=Histoire du diocèse|domus editoria=catholique88.fr}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}</ref> postquam [[Ducatus Lotharingiae]] ad Franciam aggregatus est. Eius iurisdictio partem meridionalem pristinae [[Dioecesis Tullensis]], necnon nonnulla territoria abbatiarum apud [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senoniam]], [[Medianum Monasterium]], Urbem Sancti Deodati, et [[Monasterium Stivagium|Stivalii]], una cum dependentiis earum, complectitur. Restaurata anno [[1822]], iurisdictio dioecesis ad territorium praefecturae [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] pertinet. Olim [[Dioecesis Trevirensis]] suffraganea, ab anno [[2002]] ad [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|provinciam ecclesiasticam Bisuntinam]] pertinet. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:00 3380 Cathédrale Saint-Dié de Saint-Dié-des-Vosges - Frankreich.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Deodatus|Sancto Deodato]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Deodato dicata, [[Urbs Sancti Deodati|Urbis Sancti Deodati]] sita, etsi episcopatus anno 1953 ad [[Spinalium]] translatus est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Dié|Dioecesem Sancti Deodati}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|sdie|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} <!--{{RC-stipula}}--> {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Sancti Deodati]] = Ad formulam = {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}} {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e | formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae | Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]] | corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]] }} <noinclude> == Vide etiam == * [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]] <!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--> </noinclude> = [[Index episcoporum Onasbrugensium]] = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]], a [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]] usque ad annum [[1802]] ut Comites-Episcopi et etiam rectores Principatus Osnabrugensis. {| class="wikitable toptextcells" |- ! style="width:20%"|Tempus episcopatus ! style="width:35%"|Nomen ! style="width:25%"|Adnotationes ! style="width:20%"|Imago |- | a 783 ad [[20 Aprilis]] 804/805 | [[Wiho I]] (sive: Wicho I) ||antea praefectus nuper conditi districtus missionalis Osnabrugensis|| |- | a 805 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[829]] || [[Meginhardus]] |||| |- | 829–845 || [[Gosvinus]] |||| |- | a 847 ad [[11 Aprilis]] [[860]] || [[Gauzbertus]] |||| |- | a 860 ad [[1 Februarii]] [[887]] || [[Egbertus]]|||| |- | a 887 ad [[11 Maii]] [[906]] || [[Egilmarus]] |||| |- | 906–918 || Bernardus I |||| |- | a 918 ad [[14 Maii]] [[949]] || [[Dodo I]] |||| |- | a 949 ad [[7 Novembris]] [[967]] || [[Drogo]] |||| |- | a 967 ad [[31 Martii]] [[978]] || [[Ludolphus]] |||| |- | a 978 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[996]] || Dodo II ||978-980: Cuno [[antiepiscopus]]|| |- | a 996 ad [[27 Novembris]] [[998]] || Gonthierus |||| |- | a 998 ad [[17 Februarii]] [[1003]] || Vodilulphus |||| |- | a 1003 ad [[18 Iunii]] [[1022]] || [[Dietmarus]] |||| |- | a 1023 ad [[10 Decembris]] [[1027]] || Meginherus |||| |- | a [[1028]] ad 10 Decembris [[1036]] || Gosmarus |||| |- | a 1036 ad [[19 Aprilis]] [[1052]] || Albericus |||| |- | a 1052 ad 19 aut [[20 Septembris]] [[1068]] || Benno I |||| |- | a 1068 ad [[27 Iulii]] [[1088]] || [[Benno II]] |||| [[Fasciculus:BadIburgBennoII.JPG|center|80px|Benno II epsicopus, scultpura a Hans Gerd Ruwe in [[Bad Iburg]]]] |- | 1088–1093 || [[Marquardus]] |||| |- | a 1093 ad [[21 Aprilis]] [[1101]] || [[Wiho II]] sive Guido |||| |- | a 1101 ad [[13 Iulii]] [[1109]] || [[Iohannes I (Osanbrugensis)|Iohannes I]] |||| |- | a 1109 ad [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1119]] || [[Gottschalk von Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Gottschalk von Diepholz.jpg|center|80px|Sepultura Episcopi Onasbrugensis Gottschalk.]] |- | 1119–1137 || [[Detmardus]] ||1119–1125: Conradus (antiepiscopus)|| |- | a 1137 ad [[28 Iunii]] [[1141]] || [[Udo (Osnabrugensis)|Udo]] |||| |- | a 1141 ad [[15 Iunii]] [[1173]] || [[Philippus a Katzenelnbogen]] ||1141: Veselus (antiepiscopus) || |- | 1173–1190 || [[Arnoldus (Osnabrugensis)]] |||| |- | 1190–1216 || [[Gerardus I ab Oldenburg-Wildeshausen]] |||| |- | 1216–1224 || [[Adolphus Osnabrugensis]] |||| |- | 1224–1226 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Cum titulo principe-episcopo (1225-1803)|| |- | 1226–1227 || Otto I |||| |- | 1227–1239 || [[Conradus I a Velber]] |||| |- | 1239–1250 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Rehabilitatus post supensionem|| |- | 1251–1258 || [[Bruno ab Isenberg]] |||| |- | 1259–1264 || Balduinus (Rusle) |||| |- | 1265–1269 || Vidufilius a Waldeck |||| |- | 1270–1297 || [[Conradus II a Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1297–1308 || [[Ludovicus a Ravensberg (episcopus)|Ludovicus a Ravensberg]] |||| |- | 1309–1320 || Engelbertus II a Weyhe |||| |- | 1321–1349 || [[Gaudfridus ab Arnsberg]] |||| |- | 1350–1366 || [[Iohannes II Hoet]] |||| |- | 1366–1376 || [[Melchior a Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| |- | 1376–1402 || [[Theodoricus a Horne]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Dietrich von horne.jpg|center|80px|Episcopus Theodoricus a Horne]] |- | 1402–1410 || [[Henricus III a Schauenburg-Holstein]] |||| |- | 1410–1424 || [[Otto II a Hoya]] |||| |- | 1424–1437 || [[Iohannes III a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1437–1442 || [[Ericus II a Hoya]] ut [[Ericus I Osnabrugensis|Ericus I]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1442–1450 || [[Henricus II a Moers]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1450–1454 || [[Albertus a Hoya]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1454–1455 || [[Rudolphus a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1455–1482 || [[Conradus III a Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Konrad III. von Diepholz.jpg|center|200px|Sculptura sepulcralis Conradi III Episcopi Osnabrugensis.]] |- | 1482–1508 || [[Konrad VI. (Rietberg)|Konrad IV. von Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1508–1532 || [[Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| [[Datei:Braunschweig, Erich von-2.jpg|zentriert|80px|Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |- | 1532–1553 || [[Franz von Waldeck]] ||||[[Datei:Franz Graf von Waldeck.jpeg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1553–1574 || [[Johann IV. von Hoya|Johann IV.]], als Johann III. [[Bischof von Münster]] und als Johann II. [[Bistum Paderborn|Administrator von Paderborn]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes von Hoya.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1574–1585 || [[Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg]], auch Heinrich III. von [[Erzbistum Bremen|Bremen]] |||| [[Datei:FBPB 17 Heinrich IV. von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1577–1585).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1585 || [[Wilhelm von Schencking]] |||| |- | 1585–1591 || [[Bernhard von Waldeck]] |||| |- | 1591–1623 || [[Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] |||| [[Datei:PhilippSigismundBraunschweig.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1623–1625 | [[Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1582–1625)|Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern]] ||||[[Datei:Eitel Fridrich Grav zu Zollern.tif|zentriert|132x132px]] |- | 1625–1661 || [[Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg]] |||| [[Datei:Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Nach dem Tode von [[Fürstbischof]] Franz Wilhelm galt die „immerwährende Kapitulation“, nach der abwechselnd ein katholischer und ein lutherischer Bischof aus dem [[Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Hause Braunschweig-Lüneburg]] gewählt werden sollte.''' |- | 1662–1698 || [[Ernst August (Hannover)|Ernst August I., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:ErnstAugustKurfürst.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1698–1715 || [[Karl Joseph von Lothringen]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karel III. Lotrinský.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1716–1728 || [[Ernst August II. von Hannover|Ernst August II., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1674 Ernst August.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1728–1761 || [[Clemens August I. von Bayern]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1700 Clemens-August.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1764–1802 || [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany|Friedrich, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Prinz von Großbritannien]] (lutherischer und letzter Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Frederick, Duke of York in Garter Robes.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1803–1827 || [[Karl Klemens von Gruben|Karl von Gruben]] (leitender Weihbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karl Klemens von Gruben (1764-1827).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1830–1855 || [[Carl Anton Lüpke]] (leitender Weihbischof) ||||[[Datei:Carl Anton Lüpke (1775-1855).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Mit Hildesheim vereinigt 1855–1857 unter [[Eduard Jakob Wedekin]]''' |- | 1857–1866 | [[Paulus Melchers]] (später [[Erzbistum Köln|Erzbischof von Köln]] und [[Kardinal]]) |||| [[Datei:Paul Melchers (1).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1866–1878 || [[Johann Heinrich Beckmann]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes Heinrich Beckmann Detail.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''[[Sedisvakanz]] 1878–1882''' |- | 1882–1898 || [[Bernhard Höting]] |||| [[Datei:Bernhard Höting (1821-1898).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1899–1914 || [[Hubertus Voß]] |||| [[Datei:Hubertus Voß (1841-1914).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1914–1955 || [[Gulielmus Berning]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Hermann Wilhelm Berning.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 27. März 1957 || [[Franziskus Demann]] |||| [[File:Porträt Totenzettel Demann.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1957–1987 || [[Helmut Hermann Wittler]] |||| [[Datei:Wittler.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1987–1995 || [[Ludwig Averkamp]] (später [[Erzbistum Hamburg|Erzbischof von Hamburg]])|||| |- | 1995–2023 || [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Franz-Josef Bode.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | seit 2024 || [[Dominicus Meier]] [[Benediktiner|OSB]] || || [[Datei:Abt-Dominicus-Meier.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- |} {{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}} !! [[:Categoria:Indices episcoporum|Osnabrugensis]] [[:Categoria:Episcopi Osnabrugenses| ]] [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]] <nowiki>{{Attributio|de|Liste der Bischöfe von Osnabrück|247761516}}</nowiki> = [[Raymondus Aron]] = {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Res|Raymondus Aron}}, {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Raymond Aron}} ([[Lutetia]]e [[14 Martii]] [[1905]] natus; eadem civitate [[17 Octobris]] [[1983]] mortuus) fuit [[philosophus]], [[sociologus]], [[politologus]], [[historicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Biographia == Initio amicus et condiscipulus [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Ioannis Pauli Sartre]] et [[Paulus Nizan|Pauli Nizan]] in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]], ardens [[liberalismus|liberalismi]] fautor, contra ambitum intellectualem [[Pacifismus|pacifisticum]] qui dominabatur, factus est. In opere suo celeberrimo, ''L'Opium des intellectuels'', caecitatem et complicitatem intellectualium erga regimina communistarum denuntiavit. Triginta annos, Aron scriptor editorialis pro diurno ''[[Le Figaro]]'' fuit. Postremis annis apud ''[[L'Express]]'' laboravit. Anno [[1978]], periodicum intellectuale ''[[Commentaire]]'' condidit, ut principia, quae democratiam liberalem sive societatem liberalem regere debent, defenderet et illustraret. Hoc conatum, alia perspectiva et alio titulo continuans, ad periodicum ''[[Contrepoint]]'' contulit, a tribus studentibus [[Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense|Sciences Po]] mense Maio 1970 conditum. Il enseigne pendant trente ans, notamment à l'[[Institut d'études politiques de Paris]] et à l'[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]] et devient titulaire de la chaire de « Sociologie de la civilisation moderne » au [[Collège de France]] en 1970. Il est un commentateur reconnu de [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Carl von Clausewitz|Clausewitz]], [[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève]] et [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]]. Grâce à des compétences et des centres d'intérêt multiples (en [[économie (discipline)|économie]], [[sociologie]], [[philosophie]], [[relations internationales]], [[géopolitique]]), il se distingue et acquiert une grande réputation auprès des intellectuels. Ses convictions [[libéralisme|libérales]] et [[atlantisme|atlantistes]] lui attirent de nombreuses critiques venant des partisans de la gauche et de la droite. Il garde néanmoins tout au long de sa vie un ton modéré<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Perrine Simon |titre=Raymond Aron dans l'histoire du siècle |périodique=[[Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire]] |volume=9 |date=1986 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/xxs_0294-1759_1986_num_9_1_1460 |pages=124-126 }}.</ref>. Il est élu en 1963 à l'[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |titre=M. Raymond Aron est élu l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1963/11/27/m-raymond-aron-est-elu-membre-de-l-academie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques_2220400_1819218.html |site=lemonde.fr |date=27 novembre 1963 }}.</ref>. Le {{date|17 octobre 1983}}, il meurt d'une [[Infarctus du myocarde|crise cardiaque]] à l'âge de 78 ans, alors qu'il quitte le [[palais de justice de Paris]], situé dans le [[4e arrondissement de Paris|{{4e}} arrondissement]], après avoir témoigné en faveur de [[Bertrand de Jouvenel]] lors du procès qui oppose ce dernier à [[Zeev Sternhell]]<ref>{{lien web|périodique=émission de [[Canal Académie]] |url=http://www.canalacademie.com/ida3922-Un-intellectuel-atypique-Bertrand-de-Jouvenel.html|titre=Un intellectuel atypique : Bertrand de Jouvenel|date=}}, fiche de présentation.</ref>. Il est inhumé dans le caveau familial du [[cimetière du Montparnasse]] (division 24)<ref>{{lien web|périodique= |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article722|titre=Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs|date=}}</ref>. == Opera == [[Image:Book signed by Raymond Aron and offered to Maurice Halbwachs.JPG|thumb|right|Envoi de R. Aron à [[Maurice Halbwachs]] sur ''La Sociologie allemande contemporaine'', Paris, Alcan, 1935. <br>Ouvrage conservé à la [[Bibliothèque Saint-Germain-des-Prés|Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS]].]] Les œuvres complètes de Raymond Aron ont été établies par Perrine Simon et Élisabeth Dutartre aux éditions Julliard avec la Société des amis de Raymond Aron en 1989. * ''[[La Sociologie allemande contemporaine]]'', Paris, [[Alcan]], 1935 * ''[[Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire|Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire. Essai sur les limites de l'objectivité historique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1938 * ''[[Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine|Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine. La philosophie critique de l'histoire]]'', Paris, [[Librairie philosophique Vrin|Vrin]], 1938 * ''[[L'Homme contre les tyrans]]'', New York, La Maison française, 1944 * ''[[De l'armistice à l'insurrection nationale]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945 * ''[[L'Âge des empires et l'Avenir de la France]]'', Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1945 * ''Chroniques de guerre. « La France Libre », 1940-1945'', [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945<br> Rassemble les trois livres précédents. Nouvelle édition avec introduction de [[Jean-Marie Soutou]] et appareil critique de Christian Bachelier, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1990. * ''Les Français devant la Constitution'' (en collaboration avec Francis Cleirens), Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1946 * ''[[Le Grand Schisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1948 * ''[[Les Guerres en chaîne]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1951 * ''[[La Coexistence pacifique|La Coexistence pacifique. Essai d'analyse]]'', Paris, Monde nouveau, 1953<br>Sous le pseudonyme de « François Houtisse », signalé par [[Boris Souvarine]]<ref>{{Lien web|url=http://raymond-aron.ehess.fr/document.php?id=48|titre=Bulletin d’information – Archives Raymond Aron|éditeur=[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]]|date=juin 1995|site=raymond-aron.ehess.fr|consulté le=3 décembre 2013}}.</ref>. * ''[[L'Opium des intellectuels]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1955 * ''[[Polémiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1955 * ''[[La Tragédie algérienne]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1957 * ''[[Espoir et peur du siècle|Espoir et peur du siècle. Essais non partisans]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1957 * ''[[L'Algérie et la République]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1958 * ''[[La Société industrielle et la guerre suivi d'un Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958|La Société industrielle et la Guerre]]'' suivi d'un ''[[Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1959 * ''[[Immuable et changeante|Immuable et changeante. De la IVe à la Ve République]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1959 * ''[[Dimensions de la conscience historique]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1961 * ''[[Paix et guerre entre les nations]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1962 * ''[[Le Grand Débat (Raymond Aron)|Le Grand Débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1963 * ''[[Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1963 * ''[[La Lutte des classes (Aron)|La Lutte des classes]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1964 * ''[[Essai sur les libertés]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1965 * ''[[Démocratie et Totalitarisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1965 * ''[[Trois essais sur l'âge industriel]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1966 * ''[[Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1967 * ''[[De Gaulle, Israël et les Juifs]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1968 * ''[[La Révolution introuvable|La Révolution introuvable. Réflexions sur les événements de mai]]'', Paris, [[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]], 1968 * ''[[Les Désillusions du progrès]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1969 * ''[[D'une sainte famille à l'autre|D'une sainte famille à l'autre. Essai sur le marxisme imaginaire]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1969 * ''[[De la condition historique du sociologue]]'', Paris, Gallimard, 1971 * ''[[Études politiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1972 * ''[[République impériale|République impériale. Les États-Unis dans le monde (1945–1972)]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1973 * ''[[Histoire et dialectique de la violence]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1973<br>Ce livre, qui est un commentaire de la ''Critique de la raison dialectique'' de [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], fait l'objet d'une analyse par son ancien éditeur [[Pierre Verstraeten]], professeur à l'ULB : ''L'Anti-Aron'', [[Éditions de la Différence]], 2008). * ''[[Penser la guerre, Clausewitz]]'', 2 vol., Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1976 * ''[[Plaidoyer pour l'Europe décadente]]'', Paris, [[Robert Laffont]], 1977 * ''[[Le Spectateur engagé]]'', entretiens avec [[Jean-Louis Missika]] et [[Dominique Wolton]], Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1981, 342 pages avec présentation finale de Jean-Louis Missika et Dominique Wolton. Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages, articles et pamphlets de Raymond Aron, p. 333-339. * ''[[Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard]], 1983, 1082{{nb p.}} ===À titre posthume=== * ''[[Les Dernières Années du siècle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1984 * ''Études sociologiques'', Paris, [[Presses universitaires de France|PUF]], 1988<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Hervé Coutau-Bégarie |titre=Raymond Aron. Etudes sociologiques |périodique=Politique étrangère |volume=53 |numéro=4 |date=1988 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_4_3826_t1_1016_0000_1 |pages=1016 }}</ref> * ''Une histoire du {{s-|XX}}, anthologie'', Paris, Plon, 1996 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Raymond Aron|auteur2=[[Louis Séchan]]|titre=''Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire''|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions de Fallois]]|année=1997|pages totales=254|isbn=2-253-90536-4}} * ''[[Le Marxisme de Marx]]'', Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2002 {{ISBN|2-87706-423-9}} ; rééd. poche, 1082{{nb p.}}, Paris, 2004 {{ISBN|2-253-10800-6}} * ''[[De Giscard à Mitterrand : 1977-1983]]'', éditoriaux parus dans ''[[L'Express]]'', préface de Jean-Claude Casanova, Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2005, 895{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|2-87706-570-7}} * ''Essais sur la condition juive contemporaine'', Paris, Tallandier, 2007. * ''Liberté et égalité (cours au Collège de France)'', Paris, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|titre=Aron et De Gaulle|prénom1=Jean-Claude|nom1=Casanova|lien auteur1=Jean-Claude Casanova|prénom2=Jean-Claude|nom2=Casanova|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Calmann Lévy|lien éditeur=Calmann-Levy|année=2022|pages totales=399|isbn=978-2-702-18360-1|isbn10=2-702-18360-3|oclc=1350349818|id=JC C 2022}}. * ''Critique de la pensée sociologique : Cours au Collège de France (1970-1971 et 1971-1972)'', 2023, Éditions Odile Jacob, {{ISBN|978-2738157652}}, * ''Leçons sur l'histoire : Cours au Collège de France (1972-1973 et 1973-1974)'', 2023, Éditions De Fallois. * ''L'Europe selon Aron'', recueil de textes de Raymond Aron, textes choisis et préfaces par Joël Mouric, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 400 p., 2024 {{ISBN|978-2702189603}} * ''Aron, critique de Sartre : Textes rassemblés et commentés par [[Perrine Simon-Nahum]]'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 350 p., 2025 {{ISBN|978-2702191644}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raymond Aron|Raymondum Aron}} {{Fontes biographici}} <!--{{Lifetime|1905|1983|Aron, Raymondus}}--> [[:Categoria:Agnostici]] [[:Categoria:Politologi]] [[:Categoria:Sectatores Franciae liberae]] [[:Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Professores apud Collegium Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Moralium et Politicarum]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Scientiarum Americanae]] [[:Categoria:Professores Scholae Studiorum ad Scientias Sociales Superiorum (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Professores Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] [[:Categoria:Philosophi]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Lycei Condorcet]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Sociologi]] = [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] = Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est. cf fr.wikipedia Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est. == Fontes == Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491. cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org <!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--> [[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]] jzutub14w1ophn74xdcsjxv8259t60y 3987266 3987262 2026-09-11T09:35:57Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Dioecesis Sancti Deodati */ belfortis 3987266 wikitext text/x-wiki = Utilia = == Ad civitates == <nowiki>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes geographici}}</nowiki> == Ad homines == <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>* {{CathHierBishop|}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes biographici}}</nowiki> = [[Sanctus Iulianus]] = <nowiki>{{discretiva}}</nowiki> '''Sanctus Iulianus''' ad complures sanctos refertur, nomine '''Iulianus'''. Inde multi loci nomini horum sanctorum vocantur. == Sancti == * [[Iulianus Hospitator]], martyr cum [[Sancta Basilissa]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebratur [[6 Ianuarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/86/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=86}}</ref> seu [[12 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5680/Saint-Julien-l-Hospitalier.html|titulus=Saint Julien l'Hospitalier|domus editoria=Nominis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Soranus]], martyr [[Sora (Italia)|Sorae]] in tempore [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=118}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5416/Saint-Julien-de-Sora.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saint Julien de Sora}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * ''Iulianus'' († [[250]]), et Eunus servus eius, martyres in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebrantur localiter [[27 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/713/Saints-Julien-et-Eunus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Julien et Eunus}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Carthaginensis]] († [[259]]), cum Lucio, [[Montanus Carthaginensis|Montano]], Victorico, Flaviano, Victori, Primole, Reno et Donatiano, martyres [[Carthago|Carthaginis]] in tempore [[Valerianus]], qui celebrantur [[23 Maii]]<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1208/Saints-Lucius--Montanus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Lucius, Montanus et leurs compagnons}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Occidente et [[24 Februarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=467&p=2172&hilit=+LUCIEN+MONTAN#p2172|domus editoria= Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 24 février du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Oriente. * [[Iulianus Terracinae]] († [[268]] seu [[269]]), sacerdos, et [[Cesarius Terracinae|Cesarius]], diaconus, martyres [[Terracina]]e in [[Campania]] in tempore [[Claude II le Gothique]], qui celebrantur [[7 Octobris]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/8465/Saints-Julien-et-Cesaire.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saints Julien et Césaire}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Emesensis]] († {{circa}} [[284]]), medicator natus [[Emesa]]e in [[Syria]], martyr, qui celebratur die [[6 Februarii]]. * [[Iulianus Brivatensis]] ([[saeculum 3|saeculum III]]), martyr in [[Arvernia]], qui celebratur [[28 Augusti]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1753/Saint-Julien-de-Brioude.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Brioude}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Cenomanensis]] ([[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]]), episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=119}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/516/Saint-Julien-du-Mans.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien du Mans}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Galatas]] († [[303]] seu [[305]] seu etiam [[320]] ?), forte sacerdos, cum quadraginta sociis, martyres in [[Galatia]] in tempore [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] seu [[Licinius|Licinii]] ; qui celebrantur [[13 Septembris]] in Occidente<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10401/Saint-Julien-de-Galatie.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Galatie}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> et [[12 Septembris]] in Oriente<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=921&p=4521&hilit=JULIEN+DE+GALATIE#p4521 |domus editoria=Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 12 septembre du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Tarse]] († entre [[305]] et [[311]]) ou ''Julien d'Antioche'', martyrisé pendant les persécutions de [[Galère (empereur romain)|Galère]], fêté le [[21 Iunii]] en Orient et le [[16 Martii]] dans l'Église latine. * [[Julien Sabas]] († [[377]]), ermite dans l'[[Osrohène]] en [[Mésopotamie]] (aujourd'hui en [[Irak]] et [[Turquie]]) ; fêté le [[18 Octobris]] en Orient<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=975&p=4923&hilit=JULIEN+SABAS#p4923 Forum orthodoxe.com] : saints pour le 18 octobre du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref> et le [[17 Ianuarii]] en Occident<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5222/Saint-Julien-Sabas.html Nominis] : Saint Julien Sabas {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien d'Orta]] († [[391]]), [[Diacre (christianisme)|diacre]], frère de [[Jules d'Orta|Jules]] le prêtre, fêté le [[31 Ianuarii]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5494/Saint-Jules.html Nominis] : Saints Jules et Saint Julien {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Vienne]] († après [[533]]<ref>[[Léon Cristiani]], [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1945_num_31_118_2986 ''Liste chronologique des saints de France, des origines à l'avènement des carolingiens (essai critique)''], Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1945, {{vol}}31, {{n°}}118, pp. 5-96, {{p.}}42</ref>), [[Liste des évêques et archevêques de Vienne (France)|évêque de Vienne]], assista au {{IIe}} [[concile d'Orléans]], fêté le [[22 Aprilis]]<ref>[[Jacques Longueval]], [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QyEIS6SsmHsC&vq=aspais&dq=PA392&hl=fr&pg=PA392#v= ''Histoire de l’Église gallicane''], vol. 2, 1732, p. 392</ref>. * [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]), avec ses neuf compagnons<ref>Les neuf compagnons martyrs de [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]) sont : Marcien, Jean, Jacques, Alexis, Démètre, Photios, Pierre et léonce, moines, et [[Marie la Patricienne]].</ref> martyrs sous [[Léon III l'Isaurien]] durant la persécution [[Iconoclasme|iconoclaste]] ; célébrés le [[9 Augusti]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/7834/Saints-Julien-et-ses-compagnons.html nominis.cef.fr] Nominis : Saints Julien et ses compagnons {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?t=143 www.forum-orthodoxe.com] Forum orthodoxe francophone : Saints pour le 9 août du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref>. *[[Petus Iulianus Eymard|Sanctus Iulianus Eymard]] (1811-1868), sacerdos [[Isère (département)|isérois]], fondateur de la [[Congrégation du Très-Saint-Sacrement|congrégation du Saint-Sacrement]]. Canonisé en 1963, qui celebratur die [[2 Augusti]]. * [[Iulianus Maunoir]] ([[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]]), sacerdos britannicus, qui celebratur die [[28 Ianuarii]].<ref>[{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/521/Saint-Julien-Maunoir.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien Maunoir}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> == Toponyma == === Francia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Corsica)|Sanctus Iulianus]] (Corsica) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Concellis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Voantis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]] (Sabaudia Superior) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani-Mons Dionisius]] (Sabaudia) === Italia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Molisium)|Sanctus Iulianus]], commune provinciae Campobassensis; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]], Urbs in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensis]]; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani Samniticum]], commune [[Provincia Campobassensis|provinciae Campobassensis]]; * [[Aquae Pisanae|Fanum Sancti Iuliani ad Aquas]], urbs [[Provincia Pisana|Provinciae Pisanae]]; == Notae et Fontes == <references /> [[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]] = [[Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Belfort-Montbéliard}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Belfortis]] est, etsi episcopus et curia eius [[Trévenans]] resident. Dioecesis, sub patrocinio Sancti Pauli tempore conversionis eius posita, anno [[1979]] erecta est per separationem partis boreorientalis [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|Archidioecesis Bisuntinae]]. Episcopus Belforti habitat, cum regio Montbéliard historice Protestans sit. Nihilominus, novum centrum dioecesanum Trévenans, in regione inter Belfort et Montbéliard, prope magnas aedificia in septentrionali Franco-Comitatu (universitatem, stationem TGV, et valetudinarium), constitutum est. Ab anno [[2002]] ad [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|provinciam ecclesiasticam Bisuntinam]] pertinet. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:St Christopher cathedral in Belfort 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Christophorus|Sancto Christophoro]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Christophoro dicata, [[Belfortis]] sita. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.diocese-belfort-montbeliard.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Belfort-Montbéliard|Dioecesem Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|belf|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} <!--{{RC-stipula}}--> {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = Ad formulam = {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}} {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e | formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae | Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]] | corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]] }} <noinclude> == Vide etiam == * [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]] <!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--> </noinclude> = [[Index episcoporum Onasbrugensium]] = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]], a [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]] usque ad annum [[1802]] ut Comites-Episcopi et etiam rectores Principatus Osnabrugensis. {| class="wikitable toptextcells" |- ! style="width:20%"|Tempus episcopatus ! style="width:35%"|Nomen ! style="width:25%"|Adnotationes ! style="width:20%"|Imago |- | a 783 ad [[20 Aprilis]] 804/805 | [[Wiho I]] (sive: Wicho I) ||antea praefectus nuper conditi districtus missionalis Osnabrugensis|| |- | a 805 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[829]] || [[Meginhardus]] |||| |- | 829–845 || [[Gosvinus]] |||| |- | a 847 ad [[11 Aprilis]] [[860]] || [[Gauzbertus]] |||| |- | a 860 ad [[1 Februarii]] [[887]] || [[Egbertus]]|||| |- | a 887 ad [[11 Maii]] [[906]] || [[Egilmarus]] |||| |- | 906–918 || Bernardus I |||| |- | a 918 ad [[14 Maii]] [[949]] || [[Dodo I]] |||| |- | a 949 ad [[7 Novembris]] [[967]] || [[Drogo]] |||| |- | a 967 ad [[31 Martii]] [[978]] || [[Ludolphus]] |||| |- | a 978 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[996]] || Dodo II ||978-980: Cuno [[antiepiscopus]]|| |- | a 996 ad [[27 Novembris]] [[998]] || Gonthierus |||| |- | a 998 ad [[17 Februarii]] [[1003]] || Vodilulphus |||| |- | a 1003 ad [[18 Iunii]] [[1022]] || [[Dietmarus]] |||| |- | a 1023 ad [[10 Decembris]] [[1027]] || Meginherus |||| |- | a [[1028]] ad 10 Decembris [[1036]] || Gosmarus |||| |- | a 1036 ad [[19 Aprilis]] [[1052]] || Albericus |||| |- | a 1052 ad 19 aut [[20 Septembris]] [[1068]] || Benno I |||| |- | a 1068 ad [[27 Iulii]] [[1088]] || [[Benno II]] |||| [[Fasciculus:BadIburgBennoII.JPG|center|80px|Benno II epsicopus, scultpura a Hans Gerd Ruwe in [[Bad Iburg]]]] |- | 1088–1093 || [[Marquardus]] |||| |- | a 1093 ad [[21 Aprilis]] [[1101]] || [[Wiho II]] sive Guido |||| |- | a 1101 ad [[13 Iulii]] [[1109]] || [[Iohannes I (Osanbrugensis)|Iohannes I]] |||| |- | a 1109 ad [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1119]] || [[Gottschalk von Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Gottschalk von Diepholz.jpg|center|80px|Sepultura Episcopi Onasbrugensis Gottschalk.]] |- | 1119–1137 || [[Detmardus]] ||1119–1125: Conradus (antiepiscopus)|| |- | a 1137 ad [[28 Iunii]] [[1141]] || [[Udo (Osnabrugensis)|Udo]] |||| |- | a 1141 ad [[15 Iunii]] [[1173]] || [[Philippus a Katzenelnbogen]] ||1141: Veselus (antiepiscopus) || |- | 1173–1190 || [[Arnoldus (Osnabrugensis)]] |||| |- | 1190–1216 || [[Gerardus I ab Oldenburg-Wildeshausen]] |||| |- | 1216–1224 || [[Adolphus Osnabrugensis]] |||| |- | 1224–1226 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Cum titulo principe-episcopo (1225-1803)|| |- | 1226–1227 || Otto I |||| |- | 1227–1239 || [[Conradus I a Velber]] |||| |- | 1239–1250 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Rehabilitatus post supensionem|| |- | 1251–1258 || [[Bruno ab Isenberg]] |||| |- | 1259–1264 || Balduinus (Rusle) |||| |- | 1265–1269 || Vidufilius a Waldeck |||| |- | 1270–1297 || [[Conradus II a Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1297–1308 || [[Ludovicus a Ravensberg (episcopus)|Ludovicus a Ravensberg]] |||| |- | 1309–1320 || Engelbertus II a Weyhe |||| |- | 1321–1349 || [[Gaudfridus ab Arnsberg]] |||| |- | 1350–1366 || [[Iohannes II Hoet]] |||| |- | 1366–1376 || [[Melchior a Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| |- | 1376–1402 || [[Theodoricus a Horne]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Dietrich von horne.jpg|center|80px|Episcopus Theodoricus a Horne]] |- | 1402–1410 || [[Henricus III a Schauenburg-Holstein]] |||| |- | 1410–1424 || [[Otto II a Hoya]] |||| |- | 1424–1437 || [[Iohannes III a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1437–1442 || [[Ericus II a Hoya]] ut [[Ericus I Osnabrugensis|Ericus I]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1442–1450 || [[Henricus II a Moers]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1450–1454 || [[Albertus a Hoya]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1454–1455 || [[Rudolphus a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1455–1482 || [[Conradus III a Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Konrad III. von Diepholz.jpg|center|200px|Sculptura sepulcralis Conradi III Episcopi Osnabrugensis.]] |- | 1482–1508 || [[Konrad VI. (Rietberg)|Konrad IV. von Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1508–1532 || [[Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| [[Datei:Braunschweig, Erich von-2.jpg|zentriert|80px|Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |- | 1532–1553 || [[Franz von Waldeck]] ||||[[Datei:Franz Graf von Waldeck.jpeg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1553–1574 || [[Johann IV. von Hoya|Johann IV.]], als Johann III. [[Bischof von Münster]] und als Johann II. [[Bistum Paderborn|Administrator von Paderborn]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes von Hoya.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1574–1585 || [[Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg]], auch Heinrich III. von [[Erzbistum Bremen|Bremen]] |||| [[Datei:FBPB 17 Heinrich IV. von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1577–1585).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1585 || [[Wilhelm von Schencking]] |||| |- | 1585–1591 || [[Bernhard von Waldeck]] |||| |- | 1591–1623 || [[Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] |||| [[Datei:PhilippSigismundBraunschweig.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1623–1625 | [[Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1582–1625)|Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern]] ||||[[Datei:Eitel Fridrich Grav zu Zollern.tif|zentriert|132x132px]] |- | 1625–1661 || [[Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg]] |||| [[Datei:Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Nach dem Tode von [[Fürstbischof]] Franz Wilhelm galt die „immerwährende Kapitulation“, nach der abwechselnd ein katholischer und ein lutherischer Bischof aus dem [[Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Hause Braunschweig-Lüneburg]] gewählt werden sollte.''' |- | 1662–1698 || [[Ernst August (Hannover)|Ernst August I., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:ErnstAugustKurfürst.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1698–1715 || [[Karl Joseph von Lothringen]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karel III. Lotrinský.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1716–1728 || [[Ernst August II. von Hannover|Ernst August II., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1674 Ernst August.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1728–1761 || [[Clemens August I. von Bayern]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1700 Clemens-August.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1764–1802 || [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany|Friedrich, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Prinz von Großbritannien]] (lutherischer und letzter Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Frederick, Duke of York in Garter Robes.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1803–1827 || [[Karl Klemens von Gruben|Karl von Gruben]] (leitender Weihbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karl Klemens von Gruben (1764-1827).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1830–1855 || [[Carl Anton Lüpke]] (leitender Weihbischof) ||||[[Datei:Carl Anton Lüpke (1775-1855).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Mit Hildesheim vereinigt 1855–1857 unter [[Eduard Jakob Wedekin]]''' |- | 1857–1866 | [[Paulus Melchers]] (später [[Erzbistum Köln|Erzbischof von Köln]] und [[Kardinal]]) |||| [[Datei:Paul Melchers (1).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1866–1878 || [[Johann Heinrich Beckmann]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes Heinrich Beckmann Detail.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''[[Sedisvakanz]] 1878–1882''' |- | 1882–1898 || [[Bernhard Höting]] |||| [[Datei:Bernhard Höting (1821-1898).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1899–1914 || [[Hubertus Voß]] |||| [[Datei:Hubertus Voß (1841-1914).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1914–1955 || [[Gulielmus Berning]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Hermann Wilhelm Berning.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 27. März 1957 || [[Franziskus Demann]] |||| [[File:Porträt Totenzettel Demann.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1957–1987 || [[Helmut Hermann Wittler]] |||| [[Datei:Wittler.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1987–1995 || [[Ludwig Averkamp]] (später [[Erzbistum Hamburg|Erzbischof von Hamburg]])|||| |- | 1995–2023 || [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Franz-Josef Bode.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | seit 2024 || [[Dominicus Meier]] [[Benediktiner|OSB]] || || [[Datei:Abt-Dominicus-Meier.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- |} {{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}} !! [[:Categoria:Indices episcoporum|Osnabrugensis]] [[:Categoria:Episcopi Osnabrugenses| ]] [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]] <nowiki>{{Attributio|de|Liste der Bischöfe von Osnabrück|247761516}}</nowiki> = [[Raymondus Aron]] = {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Res|Raymondus Aron}}, {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Raymond Aron}} ([[Lutetia]]e [[14 Martii]] [[1905]] natus; eadem civitate [[17 Octobris]] [[1983]] mortuus) fuit [[philosophus]], [[sociologus]], [[politologus]], [[historicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Biographia == Initio amicus et condiscipulus [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Ioannis Pauli Sartre]] et [[Paulus Nizan|Pauli Nizan]] in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]], ardens [[liberalismus|liberalismi]] fautor, contra ambitum intellectualem [[Pacifismus|pacifisticum]] qui dominabatur, factus est. In opere suo celeberrimo, ''L'Opium des intellectuels'', caecitatem et complicitatem intellectualium erga regimina communistarum denuntiavit. Triginta annos, Aron scriptor editorialis pro diurno ''[[Le Figaro]]'' fuit. Postremis annis apud ''[[L'Express]]'' laboravit. Anno [[1978]], periodicum intellectuale ''[[Commentaire]]'' condidit, ut principia, quae democratiam liberalem sive societatem liberalem regere debent, defenderet et illustraret. Hoc conatum, alia perspectiva et alio titulo continuans, ad periodicum ''[[Contrepoint]]'' contulit, a tribus studentibus [[Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense|Sciences Po]] mense Maio 1970 conditum. Il enseigne pendant trente ans, notamment à l'[[Institut d'études politiques de Paris]] et à l'[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]] et devient titulaire de la chaire de « Sociologie de la civilisation moderne » au [[Collège de France]] en 1970. Il est un commentateur reconnu de [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Carl von Clausewitz|Clausewitz]], [[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève]] et [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]]. Grâce à des compétences et des centres d'intérêt multiples (en [[économie (discipline)|économie]], [[sociologie]], [[philosophie]], [[relations internationales]], [[géopolitique]]), il se distingue et acquiert une grande réputation auprès des intellectuels. Ses convictions [[libéralisme|libérales]] et [[atlantisme|atlantistes]] lui attirent de nombreuses critiques venant des partisans de la gauche et de la droite. Il garde néanmoins tout au long de sa vie un ton modéré<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Perrine Simon |titre=Raymond Aron dans l'histoire du siècle |périodique=[[Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire]] |volume=9 |date=1986 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/xxs_0294-1759_1986_num_9_1_1460 |pages=124-126 }}.</ref>. Il est élu en 1963 à l'[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |titre=M. Raymond Aron est élu l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1963/11/27/m-raymond-aron-est-elu-membre-de-l-academie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques_2220400_1819218.html |site=lemonde.fr |date=27 novembre 1963 }}.</ref>. Le {{date|17 octobre 1983}}, il meurt d'une [[Infarctus du myocarde|crise cardiaque]] à l'âge de 78 ans, alors qu'il quitte le [[palais de justice de Paris]], situé dans le [[4e arrondissement de Paris|{{4e}} arrondissement]], après avoir témoigné en faveur de [[Bertrand de Jouvenel]] lors du procès qui oppose ce dernier à [[Zeev Sternhell]]<ref>{{lien web|périodique=émission de [[Canal Académie]] |url=http://www.canalacademie.com/ida3922-Un-intellectuel-atypique-Bertrand-de-Jouvenel.html|titre=Un intellectuel atypique : Bertrand de Jouvenel|date=}}, fiche de présentation.</ref>. Il est inhumé dans le caveau familial du [[cimetière du Montparnasse]] (division 24)<ref>{{lien web|périodique= |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article722|titre=Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs|date=}}</ref>. == Opera == [[Image:Book signed by Raymond Aron and offered to Maurice Halbwachs.JPG|thumb|right|Envoi de R. Aron à [[Maurice Halbwachs]] sur ''La Sociologie allemande contemporaine'', Paris, Alcan, 1935. <br>Ouvrage conservé à la [[Bibliothèque Saint-Germain-des-Prés|Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS]].]] Les œuvres complètes de Raymond Aron ont été établies par Perrine Simon et Élisabeth Dutartre aux éditions Julliard avec la Société des amis de Raymond Aron en 1989. * ''[[La Sociologie allemande contemporaine]]'', Paris, [[Alcan]], 1935 * ''[[Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire|Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire. Essai sur les limites de l'objectivité historique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1938 * ''[[Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine|Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine. La philosophie critique de l'histoire]]'', Paris, [[Librairie philosophique Vrin|Vrin]], 1938 * ''[[L'Homme contre les tyrans]]'', New York, La Maison française, 1944 * ''[[De l'armistice à l'insurrection nationale]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945 * ''[[L'Âge des empires et l'Avenir de la France]]'', Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1945 * ''Chroniques de guerre. « La France Libre », 1940-1945'', [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945<br> Rassemble les trois livres précédents. Nouvelle édition avec introduction de [[Jean-Marie Soutou]] et appareil critique de Christian Bachelier, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1990. * ''Les Français devant la Constitution'' (en collaboration avec Francis Cleirens), Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1946 * ''[[Le Grand Schisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1948 * ''[[Les Guerres en chaîne]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1951 * ''[[La Coexistence pacifique|La Coexistence pacifique. Essai d'analyse]]'', Paris, Monde nouveau, 1953<br>Sous le pseudonyme de « François Houtisse », signalé par [[Boris Souvarine]]<ref>{{Lien web|url=http://raymond-aron.ehess.fr/document.php?id=48|titre=Bulletin d’information – Archives Raymond Aron|éditeur=[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]]|date=juin 1995|site=raymond-aron.ehess.fr|consulté le=3 décembre 2013}}.</ref>. * ''[[L'Opium des intellectuels]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1955 * ''[[Polémiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1955 * ''[[La Tragédie algérienne]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1957 * ''[[Espoir et peur du siècle|Espoir et peur du siècle. Essais non partisans]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1957 * ''[[L'Algérie et la République]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1958 * ''[[La Société industrielle et la guerre suivi d'un Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958|La Société industrielle et la Guerre]]'' suivi d'un ''[[Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1959 * ''[[Immuable et changeante|Immuable et changeante. De la IVe à la Ve République]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1959 * ''[[Dimensions de la conscience historique]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1961 * ''[[Paix et guerre entre les nations]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1962 * ''[[Le Grand Débat (Raymond Aron)|Le Grand Débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1963 * ''[[Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1963 * ''[[La Lutte des classes (Aron)|La Lutte des classes]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1964 * ''[[Essai sur les libertés]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1965 * ''[[Démocratie et Totalitarisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1965 * ''[[Trois essais sur l'âge industriel]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1966 * ''[[Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1967 * ''[[De Gaulle, Israël et les Juifs]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1968 * ''[[La Révolution introuvable|La Révolution introuvable. Réflexions sur les événements de mai]]'', Paris, [[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]], 1968 * ''[[Les Désillusions du progrès]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1969 * ''[[D'une sainte famille à l'autre|D'une sainte famille à l'autre. Essai sur le marxisme imaginaire]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1969 * ''[[De la condition historique du sociologue]]'', Paris, Gallimard, 1971 * ''[[Études politiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1972 * ''[[République impériale|République impériale. Les États-Unis dans le monde (1945–1972)]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1973 * ''[[Histoire et dialectique de la violence]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1973<br>Ce livre, qui est un commentaire de la ''Critique de la raison dialectique'' de [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], fait l'objet d'une analyse par son ancien éditeur [[Pierre Verstraeten]], professeur à l'ULB : ''L'Anti-Aron'', [[Éditions de la Différence]], 2008). * ''[[Penser la guerre, Clausewitz]]'', 2 vol., Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1976 * ''[[Plaidoyer pour l'Europe décadente]]'', Paris, [[Robert Laffont]], 1977 * ''[[Le Spectateur engagé]]'', entretiens avec [[Jean-Louis Missika]] et [[Dominique Wolton]], Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1981, 342 pages avec présentation finale de Jean-Louis Missika et Dominique Wolton. Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages, articles et pamphlets de Raymond Aron, p. 333-339. * ''[[Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard]], 1983, 1082{{nb p.}} ===À titre posthume=== * ''[[Les Dernières Années du siècle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1984 * ''Études sociologiques'', Paris, [[Presses universitaires de France|PUF]], 1988<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Hervé Coutau-Bégarie |titre=Raymond Aron. Etudes sociologiques |périodique=Politique étrangère |volume=53 |numéro=4 |date=1988 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_4_3826_t1_1016_0000_1 |pages=1016 }}</ref> * ''Une histoire du {{s-|XX}}, anthologie'', Paris, Plon, 1996 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Raymond Aron|auteur2=[[Louis Séchan]]|titre=''Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire''|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions de Fallois]]|année=1997|pages totales=254|isbn=2-253-90536-4}} * ''[[Le Marxisme de Marx]]'', Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2002 {{ISBN|2-87706-423-9}} ; rééd. poche, 1082{{nb p.}}, Paris, 2004 {{ISBN|2-253-10800-6}} * ''[[De Giscard à Mitterrand : 1977-1983]]'', éditoriaux parus dans ''[[L'Express]]'', préface de Jean-Claude Casanova, Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2005, 895{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|2-87706-570-7}} * ''Essais sur la condition juive contemporaine'', Paris, Tallandier, 2007. * ''Liberté et égalité (cours au Collège de France)'', Paris, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|titre=Aron et De Gaulle|prénom1=Jean-Claude|nom1=Casanova|lien auteur1=Jean-Claude Casanova|prénom2=Jean-Claude|nom2=Casanova|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Calmann Lévy|lien éditeur=Calmann-Levy|année=2022|pages totales=399|isbn=978-2-702-18360-1|isbn10=2-702-18360-3|oclc=1350349818|id=JC C 2022}}. * ''Critique de la pensée sociologique : Cours au Collège de France (1970-1971 et 1971-1972)'', 2023, Éditions Odile Jacob, {{ISBN|978-2738157652}}, * ''Leçons sur l'histoire : Cours au Collège de France (1972-1973 et 1973-1974)'', 2023, Éditions De Fallois. * ''L'Europe selon Aron'', recueil de textes de Raymond Aron, textes choisis et préfaces par Joël Mouric, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 400 p., 2024 {{ISBN|978-2702189603}} * ''Aron, critique de Sartre : Textes rassemblés et commentés par [[Perrine Simon-Nahum]]'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 350 p., 2025 {{ISBN|978-2702191644}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raymond Aron|Raymondum Aron}} {{Fontes biographici}} <!--{{Lifetime|1905|1983|Aron, Raymondus}}--> [[:Categoria:Agnostici]] [[:Categoria:Politologi]] [[:Categoria:Sectatores Franciae liberae]] [[:Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Professores apud Collegium Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Moralium et Politicarum]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Scientiarum Americanae]] [[:Categoria:Professores Scholae Studiorum ad Scientias Sociales Superiorum (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Professores Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] [[:Categoria:Philosophi]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Lycei Condorcet]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Sociologi]] = [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] = Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est. cf fr.wikipedia Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est. == Fontes == Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491. cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org <!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--> [[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]] 955v8rggxc9thyp9o3q8cki7371c8is 3987267 3987266 2026-09-11T09:54:45Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Biographia */ progressus 3987267 wikitext text/x-wiki = Utilia = == Ad civitates == <nowiki>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes geographici}}</nowiki> == Ad homines == <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>* {{CathHierBishop|}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes biographici}}</nowiki> = [[Sanctus Iulianus]] = <nowiki>{{discretiva}}</nowiki> '''Sanctus Iulianus''' ad complures sanctos refertur, nomine '''Iulianus'''. Inde multi loci nomini horum sanctorum vocantur. == Sancti == * [[Iulianus Hospitator]], martyr cum [[Sancta Basilissa]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebratur [[6 Ianuarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/86/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=86}}</ref> seu [[12 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5680/Saint-Julien-l-Hospitalier.html|titulus=Saint Julien l'Hospitalier|domus editoria=Nominis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Soranus]], martyr [[Sora (Italia)|Sorae]] in tempore [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=118}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5416/Saint-Julien-de-Sora.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saint Julien de Sora}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * ''Iulianus'' († [[250]]), et Eunus servus eius, martyres in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebrantur localiter [[27 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/713/Saints-Julien-et-Eunus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Julien et Eunus}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Carthaginensis]] († [[259]]), cum Lucio, [[Montanus Carthaginensis|Montano]], Victorico, Flaviano, Victori, Primole, Reno et Donatiano, martyres [[Carthago|Carthaginis]] in tempore [[Valerianus]], qui celebrantur [[23 Maii]]<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1208/Saints-Lucius--Montanus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Lucius, Montanus et leurs compagnons}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Occidente et [[24 Februarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=467&p=2172&hilit=+LUCIEN+MONTAN#p2172|domus editoria= Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 24 février du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Oriente. * [[Iulianus Terracinae]] († [[268]] seu [[269]]), sacerdos, et [[Cesarius Terracinae|Cesarius]], diaconus, martyres [[Terracina]]e in [[Campania]] in tempore [[Claude II le Gothique]], qui celebrantur [[7 Octobris]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/8465/Saints-Julien-et-Cesaire.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saints Julien et Césaire}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Emesensis]] († {{circa}} [[284]]), medicator natus [[Emesa]]e in [[Syria]], martyr, qui celebratur die [[6 Februarii]]. * [[Iulianus Brivatensis]] ([[saeculum 3|saeculum III]]), martyr in [[Arvernia]], qui celebratur [[28 Augusti]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1753/Saint-Julien-de-Brioude.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Brioude}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Cenomanensis]] ([[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]]), episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=119}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/516/Saint-Julien-du-Mans.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien du Mans}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Galatas]] († [[303]] seu [[305]] seu etiam [[320]] ?), forte sacerdos, cum quadraginta sociis, martyres in [[Galatia]] in tempore [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] seu [[Licinius|Licinii]] ; qui celebrantur [[13 Septembris]] in Occidente<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10401/Saint-Julien-de-Galatie.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Galatie}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> et [[12 Septembris]] in Oriente<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=921&p=4521&hilit=JULIEN+DE+GALATIE#p4521 |domus editoria=Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 12 septembre du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Tarse]] († entre [[305]] et [[311]]) ou ''Julien d'Antioche'', martyrisé pendant les persécutions de [[Galère (empereur romain)|Galère]], fêté le [[21 Iunii]] en Orient et le [[16 Martii]] dans l'Église latine. * [[Julien Sabas]] († [[377]]), ermite dans l'[[Osrohène]] en [[Mésopotamie]] (aujourd'hui en [[Irak]] et [[Turquie]]) ; fêté le [[18 Octobris]] en Orient<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=975&p=4923&hilit=JULIEN+SABAS#p4923 Forum orthodoxe.com] : saints pour le 18 octobre du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref> et le [[17 Ianuarii]] en Occident<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5222/Saint-Julien-Sabas.html Nominis] : Saint Julien Sabas {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien d'Orta]] († [[391]]), [[Diacre (christianisme)|diacre]], frère de [[Jules d'Orta|Jules]] le prêtre, fêté le [[31 Ianuarii]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5494/Saint-Jules.html Nominis] : Saints Jules et Saint Julien {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Vienne]] († après [[533]]<ref>[[Léon Cristiani]], [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1945_num_31_118_2986 ''Liste chronologique des saints de France, des origines à l'avènement des carolingiens (essai critique)''], Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1945, {{vol}}31, {{n°}}118, pp. 5-96, {{p.}}42</ref>), [[Liste des évêques et archevêques de Vienne (France)|évêque de Vienne]], assista au {{IIe}} [[concile d'Orléans]], fêté le [[22 Aprilis]]<ref>[[Jacques Longueval]], [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QyEIS6SsmHsC&vq=aspais&dq=PA392&hl=fr&pg=PA392#v= ''Histoire de l’Église gallicane''], vol. 2, 1732, p. 392</ref>. * [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]), avec ses neuf compagnons<ref>Les neuf compagnons martyrs de [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]) sont : Marcien, Jean, Jacques, Alexis, Démètre, Photios, Pierre et léonce, moines, et [[Marie la Patricienne]].</ref> martyrs sous [[Léon III l'Isaurien]] durant la persécution [[Iconoclasme|iconoclaste]] ; célébrés le [[9 Augusti]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/7834/Saints-Julien-et-ses-compagnons.html nominis.cef.fr] Nominis : Saints Julien et ses compagnons {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?t=143 www.forum-orthodoxe.com] Forum orthodoxe francophone : Saints pour le 9 août du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref>. *[[Petus Iulianus Eymard|Sanctus Iulianus Eymard]] (1811-1868), sacerdos [[Isère (département)|isérois]], fondateur de la [[Congrégation du Très-Saint-Sacrement|congrégation du Saint-Sacrement]]. Canonisé en 1963, qui celebratur die [[2 Augusti]]. * [[Iulianus Maunoir]] ([[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]]), sacerdos britannicus, qui celebratur die [[28 Ianuarii]].<ref>[{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/521/Saint-Julien-Maunoir.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien Maunoir}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> == Toponyma == === Francia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Corsica)|Sanctus Iulianus]] (Corsica) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Concellis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Voantis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]] (Sabaudia Superior) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani-Mons Dionisius]] (Sabaudia) === Italia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Molisium)|Sanctus Iulianus]], commune provinciae Campobassensis; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]], Urbs in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensis]]; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani Samniticum]], commune [[Provincia Campobassensis|provinciae Campobassensis]]; * [[Aquae Pisanae|Fanum Sancti Iuliani ad Aquas]], urbs [[Provincia Pisana|Provinciae Pisanae]]; == Notae et Fontes == <references /> [[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]] = [[Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Belfort-Montbéliard}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Belfortis]] est, etsi episcopus et curia eius [[Trévenans]] resident. Dioecesis, sub patrocinio Sancti Pauli tempore conversionis eius posita, anno [[1979]] erecta est per separationem partis boreorientalis [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|Archidioecesis Bisuntinae]]. Episcopus Belforti habitat, cum regio Montbéliard historice Protestans sit. Nihilominus, novum centrum dioecesanum Trévenans, in regione inter Belfort et Montbéliard, prope magnas aedificia in septentrionali Franco-Comitatu (universitatem, stationem TGV, et valetudinarium), constitutum est. Ab anno [[2002]] ad [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|provinciam ecclesiasticam Bisuntinam]] pertinet. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:St Christopher cathedral in Belfort 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Christophorus|Sancto Christophoro]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Christophoro dicata, [[Belfortis]] sita. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.diocese-belfort-montbeliard.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Belfort-Montbéliard|Dioecesem Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|belf|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} <!--{{RC-stipula}}--> {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = Ad formulam = {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}} {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e | formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae | Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]] | corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]] }} <noinclude> == Vide etiam == * [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]] <!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--> </noinclude> = [[Index episcoporum Onasbrugensium]] = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]], a [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]] usque ad annum [[1802]] ut Comites-Episcopi et etiam rectores Principatus Osnabrugensis. {| class="wikitable toptextcells" |- ! style="width:20%"|Tempus episcopatus ! style="width:35%"|Nomen ! style="width:25%"|Adnotationes ! style="width:20%"|Imago |- | a 783 ad [[20 Aprilis]] 804/805 | [[Wiho I]] (sive: Wicho I) ||antea praefectus nuper conditi districtus missionalis Osnabrugensis|| |- | a 805 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[829]] || [[Meginhardus]] |||| |- | 829–845 || [[Gosvinus]] |||| |- | a 847 ad [[11 Aprilis]] [[860]] || [[Gauzbertus]] |||| |- | a 860 ad [[1 Februarii]] [[887]] || [[Egbertus]]|||| |- | a 887 ad [[11 Maii]] [[906]] || [[Egilmarus]] |||| |- | 906–918 || Bernardus I |||| |- | a 918 ad [[14 Maii]] [[949]] || [[Dodo I]] |||| |- | a 949 ad [[7 Novembris]] [[967]] || [[Drogo]] |||| |- | a 967 ad [[31 Martii]] [[978]] || [[Ludolphus]] |||| |- | a 978 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[996]] || Dodo II ||978-980: Cuno [[antiepiscopus]]|| |- | a 996 ad [[27 Novembris]] [[998]] || Gonthierus |||| |- | a 998 ad [[17 Februarii]] [[1003]] || Vodilulphus |||| |- | a 1003 ad [[18 Iunii]] [[1022]] || [[Dietmarus]] |||| |- | a 1023 ad [[10 Decembris]] [[1027]] || Meginherus |||| |- | a [[1028]] ad 10 Decembris [[1036]] || Gosmarus |||| |- | a 1036 ad [[19 Aprilis]] [[1052]] || Albericus |||| |- | a 1052 ad 19 aut [[20 Septembris]] [[1068]] || Benno I |||| |- | a 1068 ad [[27 Iulii]] [[1088]] || [[Benno II]] |||| [[Fasciculus:BadIburgBennoII.JPG|center|80px|Benno II epsicopus, scultpura a Hans Gerd Ruwe in [[Bad Iburg]]]] |- | 1088–1093 || [[Marquardus]] |||| |- | a 1093 ad [[21 Aprilis]] [[1101]] || [[Wiho II]] sive Guido |||| |- | a 1101 ad [[13 Iulii]] [[1109]] || [[Iohannes I (Osanbrugensis)|Iohannes I]] |||| |- | a 1109 ad [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1119]] || [[Gottschalk von Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Gottschalk von Diepholz.jpg|center|80px|Sepultura Episcopi Onasbrugensis Gottschalk.]] |- | 1119–1137 || [[Detmardus]] ||1119–1125: Conradus (antiepiscopus)|| |- | a 1137 ad [[28 Iunii]] [[1141]] || [[Udo (Osnabrugensis)|Udo]] |||| |- | a 1141 ad [[15 Iunii]] [[1173]] || [[Philippus a Katzenelnbogen]] ||1141: Veselus (antiepiscopus) || |- | 1173–1190 || [[Arnoldus (Osnabrugensis)]] |||| |- | 1190–1216 || [[Gerardus I ab Oldenburg-Wildeshausen]] |||| |- | 1216–1224 || [[Adolphus Osnabrugensis]] |||| |- | 1224–1226 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Cum titulo principe-episcopo (1225-1803)|| |- | 1226–1227 || Otto I |||| |- | 1227–1239 || [[Conradus I a Velber]] |||| |- | 1239–1250 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Rehabilitatus post supensionem|| |- | 1251–1258 || [[Bruno ab Isenberg]] |||| |- | 1259–1264 || Balduinus (Rusle) |||| |- | 1265–1269 || Vidufilius a Waldeck |||| |- | 1270–1297 || [[Conradus II a Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1297–1308 || [[Ludovicus a Ravensberg (episcopus)|Ludovicus a Ravensberg]] |||| |- | 1309–1320 || Engelbertus II a Weyhe |||| |- | 1321–1349 || [[Gaudfridus ab Arnsberg]] |||| |- | 1350–1366 || [[Iohannes II Hoet]] |||| |- | 1366–1376 || [[Melchior a Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| |- | 1376–1402 || [[Theodoricus a Horne]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Dietrich von horne.jpg|center|80px|Episcopus Theodoricus a Horne]] |- | 1402–1410 || [[Henricus III a Schauenburg-Holstein]] |||| |- | 1410–1424 || [[Otto II a Hoya]] |||| |- | 1424–1437 || [[Iohannes III a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1437–1442 || [[Ericus II a Hoya]] ut [[Ericus I Osnabrugensis|Ericus I]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1442–1450 || [[Henricus II a Moers]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1450–1454 || [[Albertus a Hoya]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1454–1455 || [[Rudolphus a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1455–1482 || [[Conradus III a Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Konrad III. von Diepholz.jpg|center|200px|Sculptura sepulcralis Conradi III Episcopi Osnabrugensis.]] |- | 1482–1508 || [[Konrad VI. (Rietberg)|Konrad IV. von Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1508–1532 || [[Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| [[Datei:Braunschweig, Erich von-2.jpg|zentriert|80px|Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |- | 1532–1553 || [[Franz von Waldeck]] ||||[[Datei:Franz Graf von Waldeck.jpeg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1553–1574 || [[Johann IV. von Hoya|Johann IV.]], als Johann III. [[Bischof von Münster]] und als Johann II. [[Bistum Paderborn|Administrator von Paderborn]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes von Hoya.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1574–1585 || [[Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg]], auch Heinrich III. von [[Erzbistum Bremen|Bremen]] |||| [[Datei:FBPB 17 Heinrich IV. von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1577–1585).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1585 || [[Wilhelm von Schencking]] |||| |- | 1585–1591 || [[Bernhard von Waldeck]] |||| |- | 1591–1623 || [[Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] |||| [[Datei:PhilippSigismundBraunschweig.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1623–1625 | [[Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1582–1625)|Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern]] ||||[[Datei:Eitel Fridrich Grav zu Zollern.tif|zentriert|132x132px]] |- | 1625–1661 || [[Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg]] |||| [[Datei:Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Nach dem Tode von [[Fürstbischof]] Franz Wilhelm galt die „immerwährende Kapitulation“, nach der abwechselnd ein katholischer und ein lutherischer Bischof aus dem [[Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Hause Braunschweig-Lüneburg]] gewählt werden sollte.''' |- | 1662–1698 || [[Ernst August (Hannover)|Ernst August I., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:ErnstAugustKurfürst.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1698–1715 || [[Karl Joseph von Lothringen]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karel III. Lotrinský.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1716–1728 || [[Ernst August II. von Hannover|Ernst August II., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1674 Ernst August.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1728–1761 || [[Clemens August I. von Bayern]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1700 Clemens-August.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1764–1802 || [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany|Friedrich, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Prinz von Großbritannien]] (lutherischer und letzter Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Frederick, Duke of York in Garter Robes.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1803–1827 || [[Karl Klemens von Gruben|Karl von Gruben]] (leitender Weihbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karl Klemens von Gruben (1764-1827).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1830–1855 || [[Carl Anton Lüpke]] (leitender Weihbischof) ||||[[Datei:Carl Anton Lüpke (1775-1855).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Mit Hildesheim vereinigt 1855–1857 unter [[Eduard Jakob Wedekin]]''' |- | 1857–1866 | [[Paulus Melchers]] (später [[Erzbistum Köln|Erzbischof von Köln]] und [[Kardinal]]) |||| [[Datei:Paul Melchers (1).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1866–1878 || [[Johann Heinrich Beckmann]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes Heinrich Beckmann Detail.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''[[Sedisvakanz]] 1878–1882''' |- | 1882–1898 || [[Bernhard Höting]] |||| [[Datei:Bernhard Höting (1821-1898).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1899–1914 || [[Hubertus Voß]] |||| [[Datei:Hubertus Voß (1841-1914).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1914–1955 || [[Gulielmus Berning]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Hermann Wilhelm Berning.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 27. März 1957 || [[Franziskus Demann]] |||| [[File:Porträt Totenzettel Demann.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1957–1987 || [[Helmut Hermann Wittler]] |||| [[Datei:Wittler.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1987–1995 || [[Ludwig Averkamp]] (später [[Erzbistum Hamburg|Erzbischof von Hamburg]])|||| |- | 1995–2023 || [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Franz-Josef Bode.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | seit 2024 || [[Dominicus Meier]] [[Benediktiner|OSB]] || || [[Datei:Abt-Dominicus-Meier.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- |} {{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}} !! [[:Categoria:Indices episcoporum|Osnabrugensis]] [[:Categoria:Episcopi Osnabrugenses| ]] [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]] <nowiki>{{Attributio|de|Liste der Bischöfe von Osnabrück|247761516}}</nowiki> = [[Raymondus Aron]] = {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Res|Raymondus Aron}}, {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Raymond Aron}} ([[Lutetia]]e [[14 Martii]] [[1905]] natus; eadem civitate [[17 Octobris]] [[1983]] mortuus) fuit [[philosophus]], [[sociologus]], [[politologus]], [[historicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Biographia == Initio amicus et condiscipulus [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Ioannis Pauli Sartre]] et [[Paulus Nizan|Pauli Nizan]] in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]], ardens [[liberalismus|liberalismi]] fautor, contra ambitum intellectualem [[Pacifismus|pacifisticum]] qui dominabatur, factus est. In opere suo celeberrimo, ''L'Opium des intellectuels'', caecitatem et complicitatem intellectualium erga regimina communistarum denuntiavit. Triginta annos, Aron scriptor editorialis pro diurno ''[[Le Figaro]]'' fuit. Postremis annis apud ''[[L'Express]]'' laboravit. Anno [[1978]], periodicum intellectuale ''[[Commentaire]]'' condidit, ut principia, quae democratiam liberalem sive societatem liberalem regere debent, defenderet et illustraret. Hoc conatum, alia perspectiva et alio titulo continuans, ad periodicum ''[[Contrepoint]]'' contulit, a tribus studentibus [[Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense|Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] mense Maio 1970 conditum. Triginta annos docuit, praesertim apud Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense et [[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]], et cathedram ''Sociologiae Civilisationis Modernae'' apud [[Collegium Franciae]] anno 1970 obtinuit. Commentator agnitus est de [[Carolus Marxius|Marxio]], [[Carolus Philippus Amadeus de Clausewitz|Clausewitz]], [[Alexander Kojève|Kojève]] et [[Ioanne Paulo Sartre|Sartre]]. Grâce à des compétences et des centres d'intérêt multiples (en [[économie (discipline)|économie]], [[sociologie]], [[philosophie]], [[relations internationales]], [[géopolitique]]), il se distingue et acquiert une grande réputation auprès des intellectuels. Ses convictions [[libéralisme|libérales]] et [[atlantisme|atlantistes]] lui attirent de nombreuses critiques venant des partisans de la gauche et de la droite. Il garde néanmoins tout au long de sa vie un ton modéré<ref>{{opus |auctor=Perrine Simon |titulus=Raymond Aron dans l'histoire du siècle |domus editoria=[[Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire]] |volume=9 |date=1986 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/xxs_0294-1759_1986_num_9_1_1460 |pagina=124-126 }} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. Il est élu en 1963 à l'[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]<ref>{{opus |langue=fr |titulus=M. Raymond Aron est élu l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1963/11/27/m-raymond-aron-est-elu-membre-de-l-academie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques_2220400_1819218.html |situs=lemonde.fr |data=27 novembre 1963 }}.</ref>. Le 17 octobre 1983, il meurt d'une [[Infarctus du myocarde|crise cardiaque]] à l'âge de 78 ans, alors qu'il quitte le [[palais de justice de Paris]], situé dans le [[4e arrondissement de Paris|{{4e}} arrondissement]], après avoir témoigné en faveur de [[Bertrand de Jouvenel]] lors du procès qui oppose ce dernier à [[Zeev Sternhell]]<ref>{{lien web|périodique=émission de [[Canal Académie]] |url=http://www.canalacademie.com/ida3922-Un-intellectuel-atypique-Bertrand-de-Jouvenel.html|titre=Un intellectuel atypique : Bertrand de Jouvenel|date=}}, fiche de présentation.</ref>. Il est inhumé dans le caveau familial du [[cimetière du Montparnasse]] (division 24)<ref>{{lien web|périodique= |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article722|titre=Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs|date=}}</ref>. == Opera == [[Image:Book signed by Raymond Aron and offered to Maurice Halbwachs.JPG|thumb|right|Envoi de R. Aron à [[Maurice Halbwachs]] sur ''La Sociologie allemande contemporaine'', Paris, Alcan, 1935. <br>Ouvrage conservé à la [[Bibliothèque Saint-Germain-des-Prés|Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS]].]] Les œuvres complètes de Raymond Aron ont été établies par Perrine Simon et Élisabeth Dutartre aux éditions Julliard avec la Société des amis de Raymond Aron en 1989. * ''[[La Sociologie allemande contemporaine]]'', Paris, [[Alcan]], 1935 * ''[[Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire|Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire. Essai sur les limites de l'objectivité historique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1938 * ''[[Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine|Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine. La philosophie critique de l'histoire]]'', Paris, [[Librairie philosophique Vrin|Vrin]], 1938 * ''[[L'Homme contre les tyrans]]'', New York, La Maison française, 1944 * ''[[De l'armistice à l'insurrection nationale]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945 * ''[[L'Âge des empires et l'Avenir de la France]]'', Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1945 * ''Chroniques de guerre. « La France Libre », 1940-1945'', [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945<br> Rassemble les trois livres précédents. Nouvelle édition avec introduction de [[Jean-Marie Soutou]] et appareil critique de Christian Bachelier, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1990. * ''Les Français devant la Constitution'' (en collaboration avec Francis Cleirens), Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1946 * ''[[Le Grand Schisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1948 * ''[[Les Guerres en chaîne]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1951 * ''[[La Coexistence pacifique|La Coexistence pacifique. Essai d'analyse]]'', Paris, Monde nouveau, 1953<br>Sous le pseudonyme de « François Houtisse », signalé par [[Boris Souvarine]]<ref>{{Lien web|url=http://raymond-aron.ehess.fr/document.php?id=48|titre=Bulletin d’information – Archives Raymond Aron|éditeur=[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]]|date=juin 1995|site=raymond-aron.ehess.fr|consulté le=3 décembre 2013}}.</ref>. * ''[[L'Opium des intellectuels]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1955 * ''[[Polémiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1955 * ''[[La Tragédie algérienne]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1957 * ''[[Espoir et peur du siècle|Espoir et peur du siècle. Essais non partisans]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1957 * ''[[L'Algérie et la République]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1958 * ''[[La Société industrielle et la guerre suivi d'un Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958|La Société industrielle et la Guerre]]'' suivi d'un ''[[Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1959 * ''[[Immuable et changeante|Immuable et changeante. De la IVe à la Ve République]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1959 * ''[[Dimensions de la conscience historique]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1961 * ''[[Paix et guerre entre les nations]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1962 * ''[[Le Grand Débat (Raymond Aron)|Le Grand Débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1963 * ''[[Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1963 * ''[[La Lutte des classes (Aron)|La Lutte des classes]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1964 * ''[[Essai sur les libertés]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1965 * ''[[Démocratie et Totalitarisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1965 * ''[[Trois essais sur l'âge industriel]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1966 * ''[[Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1967 * ''[[De Gaulle, Israël et les Juifs]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1968 * ''[[La Révolution introuvable|La Révolution introuvable. Réflexions sur les événements de mai]]'', Paris, [[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]], 1968 * ''[[Les Désillusions du progrès]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1969 * ''[[D'une sainte famille à l'autre|D'une sainte famille à l'autre. Essai sur le marxisme imaginaire]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1969 * ''[[De la condition historique du sociologue]]'', Paris, Gallimard, 1971 * ''[[Études politiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1972 * ''[[République impériale|République impériale. Les États-Unis dans le monde (1945–1972)]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1973 * ''[[Histoire et dialectique de la violence]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1973<br>Ce livre, qui est un commentaire de la ''Critique de la raison dialectique'' de [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], fait l'objet d'une analyse par son ancien éditeur [[Pierre Verstraeten]], professeur à l'ULB : ''L'Anti-Aron'', [[Éditions de la Différence]], 2008). * ''[[Penser la guerre, Clausewitz]]'', 2 vol., Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1976 * ''[[Plaidoyer pour l'Europe décadente]]'', Paris, [[Robert Laffont]], 1977 * ''[[Le Spectateur engagé]]'', entretiens avec [[Jean-Louis Missika]] et [[Dominique Wolton]], Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1981, 342 pages avec présentation finale de Jean-Louis Missika et Dominique Wolton. Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages, articles et pamphlets de Raymond Aron, p. 333-339. * ''[[Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard]], 1983, 1082{{nb p.}} ===À titre posthume=== * ''[[Les Dernières Années du siècle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1984 * ''Études sociologiques'', Paris, [[Presses universitaires de France|PUF]], 1988<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Hervé Coutau-Bégarie |titre=Raymond Aron. Etudes sociologiques |périodique=Politique étrangère |volume=53 |numéro=4 |date=1988 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_4_3826_t1_1016_0000_1 |pages=1016 }}</ref> * ''Une histoire du {{s-|XX}}, anthologie'', Paris, Plon, 1996 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Raymond Aron|auteur2=[[Louis Séchan]]|titre=''Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire''|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions de Fallois]]|année=1997|pages totales=254|isbn=2-253-90536-4}} * ''[[Le Marxisme de Marx]]'', Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2002 {{ISBN|2-87706-423-9}} ; rééd. poche, 1082{{nb p.}}, Paris, 2004 {{ISBN|2-253-10800-6}} * ''[[De Giscard à Mitterrand : 1977-1983]]'', éditoriaux parus dans ''[[L'Express]]'', préface de Jean-Claude Casanova, Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2005, 895{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|2-87706-570-7}} * ''Essais sur la condition juive contemporaine'', Paris, Tallandier, 2007. * ''Liberté et égalité (cours au Collège de France)'', Paris, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|titre=Aron et De Gaulle|prénom1=Jean-Claude|nom1=Casanova|lien auteur1=Jean-Claude Casanova|prénom2=Jean-Claude|nom2=Casanova|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Calmann Lévy|lien éditeur=Calmann-Levy|année=2022|pages totales=399|isbn=978-2-702-18360-1|isbn10=2-702-18360-3|oclc=1350349818|id=JC C 2022}}. * ''Critique de la pensée sociologique : Cours au Collège de France (1970-1971 et 1971-1972)'', 2023, Éditions Odile Jacob, {{ISBN|978-2738157652}}, * ''Leçons sur l'histoire : Cours au Collège de France (1972-1973 et 1973-1974)'', 2023, Éditions De Fallois. * ''L'Europe selon Aron'', recueil de textes de Raymond Aron, textes choisis et préfaces par Joël Mouric, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 400 p., 2024 {{ISBN|978-2702189603}} * ''Aron, critique de Sartre : Textes rassemblés et commentés par [[Perrine Simon-Nahum]]'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 350 p., 2025 {{ISBN|978-2702191644}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raymond Aron|Raymondum Aron}} {{Fontes biographici}} <!--{{Lifetime|1905|1983|Aron, Raymondus}}--> [[:Categoria:Agnostici]] [[:Categoria:Politologi]] [[:Categoria:Sectatores Franciae liberae]] [[:Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Professores apud Collegium Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Moralium et Politicarum]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Scientiarum Americanae]] [[:Categoria:Professores Scholae Studiorum ad Scientias Sociales Superiorum (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Professores Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] [[:Categoria:Philosophi]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Lycei Condorcet]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Sociologi]] = [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] = Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est. cf fr.wikipedia Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est. == Fontes == Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491. cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org <!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--> [[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]] 6zhpnix8h9loqra5h9bgrun7udvcdab 3987268 3987267 2026-09-11T09:55:34Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Biographia */ casus 3987268 wikitext text/x-wiki = Utilia = == Ad civitates == <nowiki>{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes geographici}}</nowiki> == Ad homines == <nowiki>{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}</nowiki> <nowiki>* {{CathHierBishop|}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{Fontes biographici}}</nowiki> = [[Sanctus Iulianus]] = <nowiki>{{discretiva}}</nowiki> '''Sanctus Iulianus''' ad complures sanctos refertur, nomine '''Iulianus'''. Inde multi loci nomini horum sanctorum vocantur. == Sancti == * [[Iulianus Hospitator]], martyr cum [[Sancta Basilissa]] in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebratur [[6 Ianuarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/86/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=86}}</ref> seu [[12 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5680/Saint-Julien-l-Hospitalier.html|titulus=Saint Julien l'Hospitalier|domus editoria=Nominis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Soranus]], martyr [[Sora (Italia)|Sorae]] in tempore [[Antoninus Pius|Antonini Pii]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=118}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5416/Saint-Julien-de-Sora.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saint Julien de Sora}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * ''Iulianus'' († [[250]]), et Eunus servus eius, martyres in [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], qui celebrantur localiter [[27 Februarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/713/Saints-Julien-et-Eunus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Julien et Eunus}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> * [[Iulianus Carthaginensis]] († [[259]]), cum Lucio, [[Montanus Carthaginensis|Montano]], Victorico, Flaviano, Victori, Primole, Reno et Donatiano, martyres [[Carthago|Carthaginis]] in tempore [[Valerianus]], qui celebrantur [[23 Maii]]<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1208/Saints-Lucius--Montanus.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saints Lucius, Montanus et leurs compagnons}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Occidente et [[24 Februarii]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=467&p=2172&hilit=+LUCIEN+MONTAN#p2172|domus editoria= Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 24 février du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> in Oriente. * [[Iulianus Terracinae]] († [[268]] seu [[269]]), sacerdos, et [[Cesarius Terracinae|Cesarius]], diaconus, martyres [[Terracina]]e in [[Campania]] in tempore [[Claude II le Gothique]], qui celebrantur [[7 Octobris]].<ref>{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/8465/Saints-Julien-et-Cesaire.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus=Saints Julien et Césaire}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Emesensis]] († {{circa}} [[284]]), medicator natus [[Emesa]]e in [[Syria]], martyr, qui celebratur die [[6 Februarii]]. * [[Iulianus Brivatensis]] ([[saeculum 3|saeculum III]]), martyr in [[Arvernia]], qui celebratur [[28 Augusti]]<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/1753/Saint-Julien-de-Brioude.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Brioude}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Cenomanensis]] ([[saeculum 4|saeculo IV]]), episcopus [[Dioecesis Cenomanensis|Cenomanensis]], qui celebratur [[27 Ianuarii]].<ref>{{opus|url=https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/118/mode/2up?q=Iuliani|titulus=Martyrologium Romanum |annus=2004|domus editoria=Typis Vaticanis|pagina=119}}</ref><ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/516/Saint-Julien-du-Mans.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien du Mans}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Iulianus Galatas]] († [[303]] seu [[305]] seu etiam [[320]] ?), forte sacerdos, cum quadraginta sociis, martyres in [[Galatia]] in tempore [[Diocletianus|Diocletiano]] seu [[Licinius|Licinii]] ; qui celebrantur [[13 Septembris]] in Occidente<ref>{{opus|url=https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/10401/Saint-Julien-de-Galatie.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien de Galatie}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> et [[12 Septembris]] in Oriente<ref>{{opus|url=https://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=921&p=4521&hilit=JULIEN+DE+GALATIE#p4521 |domus editoria=Forum orthodoxe.com|titulus=saints pour le 12 septembre du calendrier ecclésiastique}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Tarse]] († entre [[305]] et [[311]]) ou ''Julien d'Antioche'', martyrisé pendant les persécutions de [[Galère (empereur romain)|Galère]], fêté le [[21 Iunii]] en Orient et le [[16 Martii]] dans l'Église latine. * [[Julien Sabas]] († [[377]]), ermite dans l'[[Osrohène]] en [[Mésopotamie]] (aujourd'hui en [[Irak]] et [[Turquie]]) ; fêté le [[18 Octobris]] en Orient<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=975&p=4923&hilit=JULIEN+SABAS#p4923 Forum orthodoxe.com] : saints pour le 18 octobre du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref> et le [[17 Ianuarii]] en Occident<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5222/Saint-Julien-Sabas.html Nominis] : Saint Julien Sabas {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien d'Orta]] († [[391]]), [[Diacre (christianisme)|diacre]], frère de [[Jules d'Orta|Jules]] le prêtre, fêté le [[31 Ianuarii]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/5494/Saint-Jules.html Nominis] : Saints Jules et Saint Julien {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. * [[Julien de Vienne]] († après [[533]]<ref>[[Léon Cristiani]], [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhef_0300-9505_1945_num_31_118_2986 ''Liste chronologique des saints de France, des origines à l'avènement des carolingiens (essai critique)''], Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, 1945, {{vol}}31, {{n°}}118, pp. 5-96, {{p.}}42</ref>), [[Liste des évêques et archevêques de Vienne (France)|évêque de Vienne]], assista au {{IIe}} [[concile d'Orléans]], fêté le [[22 Aprilis]]<ref>[[Jacques Longueval]], [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QyEIS6SsmHsC&vq=aspais&dq=PA392&hl=fr&pg=PA392#v= ''Histoire de l’Église gallicane''], vol. 2, 1732, p. 392</ref>. * [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]), avec ses neuf compagnons<ref>Les neuf compagnons martyrs de [[Julien de Constantinople]] († entre [[726]] et [[730]]) sont : Marcien, Jean, Jacques, Alexis, Démètre, Photios, Pierre et léonce, moines, et [[Marie la Patricienne]].</ref> martyrs sous [[Léon III l'Isaurien]] durant la persécution [[Iconoclasme|iconoclaste]] ; célébrés le [[9 Augusti]]<ref>[http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/7834/Saints-Julien-et-ses-compagnons.html nominis.cef.fr] Nominis : Saints Julien et ses compagnons {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.forum-orthodoxe.com/~forum/viewtopic.php?t=143 www.forum-orthodoxe.com] Forum orthodoxe francophone : Saints pour le 9 août du calendrier ecclésiastique.</ref>. *[[Petus Iulianus Eymard|Sanctus Iulianus Eymard]] (1811-1868), sacerdos [[Isère (département)|isérois]], fondateur de la [[Congrégation du Très-Saint-Sacrement|congrégation du Saint-Sacrement]]. Canonisé en 1963, qui celebratur die [[2 Augusti]]. * [[Iulianus Maunoir]] ([[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]]), sacerdos britannicus, qui celebratur die [[28 Ianuarii]].<ref>[{{opus|url=http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/521/Saint-Julien-Maunoir.html |domus editoria=Nominis|titulus= Saint Julien Maunoir}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref> == Toponyma == === Francia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Corsica)|Sanctus Iulianus]] (Corsica) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Concellis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Sanctus Iulianus de Voantis]] (Liger Atlanticus) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]] (Sabaudia Superior) * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani-Mons Dionisius]] (Sabaudia) === Italia === * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Molisium)|Sanctus Iulianus]], commune provinciae Campobassensis; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]], Urbs in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensis]]; * [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani Samniticum]], commune [[Provincia Campobassensis|provinciae Campobassensis]]; * [[Aquae Pisanae|Fanum Sancti Iuliani ad Aquas]], urbs [[Provincia Pisana|Provinciae Pisanae]]; == Notae et Fontes == <references /> [[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]] = [[Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Belfort-Montbéliard}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Belfortis]] est, etsi episcopus et curia eius [[Trévenans]] resident. Dioecesis, sub patrocinio Sancti Pauli tempore conversionis eius posita, anno [[1979]] erecta est per separationem partis boreorientalis [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|Archidioecesis Bisuntinae]]. Episcopus Belforti habitat, cum regio Montbéliard historice Protestans sit. Nihilominus, novum centrum dioecesanum Trévenans, in regione inter Belfort et Montbéliard, prope magnas aedificia in septentrionali Franco-Comitatu (universitatem, stationem TGV, et valetudinarium), constitutum est. Ab anno [[2002]] ad [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|provinciam ecclesiasticam Bisuntinam]] pertinet. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:St Christopher cathedral in Belfort 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Christophorus|Sancto Christophoro]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Christophoro dicata, [[Belfortis]] sita. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.diocese-belfort-montbeliard.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Belfort-Montbéliard|Dioecesem Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|belf|Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi}} <!--{{RC-stipula}}--> {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Belfortiensis-Montis Beligardi]] = Ad formulam = {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}} {{Capsa navigationis | titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e | formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae | Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]] | corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]] }} <noinclude> == Vide etiam == * [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]] <!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]] [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--> </noinclude> = [[Index episcoporum Onasbrugensium]] = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]], a [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]] usque ad annum [[1802]] ut Comites-Episcopi et etiam rectores Principatus Osnabrugensis. {| class="wikitable toptextcells" |- ! style="width:20%"|Tempus episcopatus ! style="width:35%"|Nomen ! style="width:25%"|Adnotationes ! style="width:20%"|Imago |- | a 783 ad [[20 Aprilis]] 804/805 | [[Wiho I]] (sive: Wicho I) ||antea praefectus nuper conditi districtus missionalis Osnabrugensis|| |- | a 805 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[829]] || [[Meginhardus]] |||| |- | 829–845 || [[Gosvinus]] |||| |- | a 847 ad [[11 Aprilis]] [[860]] || [[Gauzbertus]] |||| |- | a 860 ad [[1 Februarii]] [[887]] || [[Egbertus]]|||| |- | a 887 ad [[11 Maii]] [[906]] || [[Egilmarus]] |||| |- | 906–918 || Bernardus I |||| |- | a 918 ad [[14 Maii]] [[949]] || [[Dodo I]] |||| |- | a 949 ad [[7 Novembris]] [[967]] || [[Drogo]] |||| |- | a 967 ad [[31 Martii]] [[978]] || [[Ludolphus]] |||| |- | a 978 ad [[12 Aprilis]] [[996]] || Dodo II ||978-980: Cuno [[antiepiscopus]]|| |- | a 996 ad [[27 Novembris]] [[998]] || Gonthierus |||| |- | a 998 ad [[17 Februarii]] [[1003]] || Vodilulphus |||| |- | a 1003 ad [[18 Iunii]] [[1022]] || [[Dietmarus]] |||| |- | a 1023 ad [[10 Decembris]] [[1027]] || Meginherus |||| |- | a [[1028]] ad 10 Decembris [[1036]] || Gosmarus |||| |- | a 1036 ad [[19 Aprilis]] [[1052]] || Albericus |||| |- | a 1052 ad 19 aut [[20 Septembris]] [[1068]] || Benno I |||| |- | a 1068 ad [[27 Iulii]] [[1088]] || [[Benno II]] |||| [[Fasciculus:BadIburgBennoII.JPG|center|80px|Benno II epsicopus, scultpura a Hans Gerd Ruwe in [[Bad Iburg]]]] |- | 1088–1093 || [[Marquardus]] |||| |- | a 1093 ad [[21 Aprilis]] [[1101]] || [[Wiho II]] sive Guido |||| |- | a 1101 ad [[13 Iulii]] [[1109]] || [[Iohannes I (Osanbrugensis)|Iohannes I]] |||| |- | a 1109 ad [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1119]] || [[Gottschalk von Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Gottschalk von Diepholz.jpg|center|80px|Sepultura Episcopi Onasbrugensis Gottschalk.]] |- | 1119–1137 || [[Detmardus]] ||1119–1125: Conradus (antiepiscopus)|| |- | a 1137 ad [[28 Iunii]] [[1141]] || [[Udo (Osnabrugensis)|Udo]] |||| |- | a 1141 ad [[15 Iunii]] [[1173]] || [[Philippus a Katzenelnbogen]] ||1141: Veselus (antiepiscopus) || |- | 1173–1190 || [[Arnoldus (Osnabrugensis)]] |||| |- | 1190–1216 || [[Gerardus I ab Oldenburg-Wildeshausen]] |||| |- | 1216–1224 || [[Adolphus Osnabrugensis]] |||| |- | 1224–1226 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Cum titulo principe-episcopo (1225-1803)|| |- | 1226–1227 || Otto I |||| |- | 1227–1239 || [[Conradus I a Velber]] |||| |- | 1239–1250 || [[Engelbertus I ab Isenberg]] ||Rehabilitatus post supensionem|| |- | 1251–1258 || [[Bruno ab Isenberg]] |||| |- | 1259–1264 || Balduinus (Rusle) |||| |- | 1265–1269 || Vidufilius a Waldeck |||| |- | 1270–1297 || [[Conradus II a Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1297–1308 || [[Ludovicus a Ravensberg (episcopus)|Ludovicus a Ravensberg]] |||| |- | 1309–1320 || Engelbertus II a Weyhe |||| |- | 1321–1349 || [[Gaudfridus ab Arnsberg]] |||| |- | 1350–1366 || [[Iohannes II Hoet]] |||| |- | 1366–1376 || [[Melchior a Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| |- | 1376–1402 || [[Theodoricus a Horne]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Dietrich von horne.jpg|center|80px|Episcopus Theodoricus a Horne]] |- | 1402–1410 || [[Henricus III a Schauenburg-Holstein]] |||| |- | 1410–1424 || [[Otto II a Hoya]] |||| |- | 1424–1437 || [[Iohannes III a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1437–1442 || [[Ericus II a Hoya]] ut [[Ericus I Osnabrugensis|Ericus I]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1442–1450 || [[Henricus II a Moers]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1450–1454 || [[Albertus a Hoya]] (''administrator'') |||| |- | 1454–1455 || [[Rudolphus a Diepholz]] |||| |- | 1455–1482 || [[Conradus III a Diepholz]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Konrad III. von Diepholz.jpg|center|200px|Sculptura sepulcralis Conradi III Episcopi Osnabrugensis.]] |- | 1482–1508 || [[Konrad VI. (Rietberg)|Konrad IV. von Rietberg]] |||| |- | 1508–1532 || [[Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |||| [[Datei:Braunschweig, Erich von-2.jpg|zentriert|80px|Erich von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen]] |- | 1532–1553 || [[Franz von Waldeck]] ||||[[Datei:Franz Graf von Waldeck.jpeg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1553–1574 || [[Johann IV. von Hoya|Johann IV.]], als Johann III. [[Bischof von Münster]] und als Johann II. [[Bistum Paderborn|Administrator von Paderborn]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes von Hoya.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1574–1585 || [[Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg]], auch Heinrich III. von [[Erzbistum Bremen|Bremen]] |||| [[Datei:FBPB 17 Heinrich IV. von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1577–1585).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1585 || [[Wilhelm von Schencking]] |||| |- | 1585–1591 || [[Bernhard von Waldeck]] |||| |- | 1591–1623 || [[Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] |||| [[Datei:PhilippSigismundBraunschweig.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1623–1625 | [[Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1582–1625)|Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern]] ||||[[Datei:Eitel Fridrich Grav zu Zollern.tif|zentriert|132x132px]] |- | 1625–1661 || [[Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg]] |||| [[Datei:Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Nach dem Tode von [[Fürstbischof]] Franz Wilhelm galt die „immerwährende Kapitulation“, nach der abwechselnd ein katholischer und ein lutherischer Bischof aus dem [[Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Hause Braunschweig-Lüneburg]] gewählt werden sollte.''' |- | 1662–1698 || [[Ernst August (Hannover)|Ernst August I., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:ErnstAugustKurfürst.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1698–1715 || [[Karl Joseph von Lothringen]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karel III. Lotrinský.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1716–1728 || [[Ernst August II. von Hannover|Ernst August II., Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg]] (lutherischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1674 Ernst August.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1728–1761 || [[Clemens August I. von Bayern]] (katholischer Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:1700 Clemens-August.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1764–1802 || [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany|Friedrich, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Prinz von Großbritannien]] (lutherischer und letzter Fürstbischof) |||| [[Datei:Frederick, Duke of York in Garter Robes.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1803–1827 || [[Karl Klemens von Gruben|Karl von Gruben]] (leitender Weihbischof) |||| [[Datei:Karl Klemens von Gruben (1764-1827).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1830–1855 || [[Carl Anton Lüpke]] (leitender Weihbischof) ||||[[Datei:Carl Anton Lüpke (1775-1855).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''Mit Hildesheim vereinigt 1855–1857 unter [[Eduard Jakob Wedekin]]''' |- | 1857–1866 | [[Paulus Melchers]] (später [[Erzbistum Köln|Erzbischof von Köln]] und [[Kardinal]]) |||| [[Datei:Paul Melchers (1).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1866–1878 || [[Johann Heinrich Beckmann]] |||| [[Datei:Johannes Heinrich Beckmann Detail.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | colspan="4" class="hintergrundfarbe5"|'''[[Sedisvakanz]] 1878–1882''' |- | 1882–1898 || [[Bernhard Höting]] |||| [[Datei:Bernhard Höting (1821-1898).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1899–1914 || [[Hubertus Voß]] |||| [[Datei:Hubertus Voß (1841-1914).jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1914–1955 || [[Gulielmus Berning]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Hermann Wilhelm Berning.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 27. März 1957 || [[Franziskus Demann]] |||| [[File:Porträt Totenzettel Demann.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1957–1987 || [[Helmut Hermann Wittler]] |||| [[Datei:Wittler.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | 1987–1995 || [[Ludwig Averkamp]] (später [[Erzbistum Hamburg|Erzbischof von Hamburg]])|||| |- | 1995–2023 || [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] |||| [[Fasciculus:Franz-Josef Bode.jpg|zentriert|80px]] |- | seit 2024 || [[Dominicus Meier]] [[Benediktiner|OSB]] || || [[Datei:Abt-Dominicus-Meier.JPG|zentriert|80px]] |- |} {{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}} !! [[:Categoria:Indices episcoporum|Osnabrugensis]] [[:Categoria:Episcopi Osnabrugenses| ]] [[:Categoria:Dioecesis Osnabrugensis]] <nowiki>{{Attributio|de|Liste der Bischöfe von Osnabrück|247761516}}</nowiki> = [[Raymondus Aron]] = {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Res|Raymondus Aron}}, {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Raymond Aron}} ([[Lutetia]]e [[14 Martii]] [[1905]] natus; eadem civitate [[17 Octobris]] [[1983]] mortuus) fuit [[philosophus]], [[sociologus]], [[politologus]], [[historicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Biographia == Initio amicus et condiscipulus [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Ioannis Pauli Sartre]] et [[Paulus Nizan|Pauli Nizan]] in [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola Normali Superiore]], ardens [[liberalismus|liberalismi]] fautor, contra ambitum intellectualem [[Pacifismus|pacifisticum]] qui dominabatur, factus est. In opere suo celeberrimo, ''L'Opium des intellectuels'', caecitatem et complicitatem intellectualium erga regimina communistarum denuntiavit. Triginta annos, Aron scriptor editorialis pro diurno ''[[Le Figaro]]'' fuit. Postremis annis apud ''[[L'Express]]'' laboravit. Anno [[1978]], periodicum intellectuale ''[[Commentaire]]'' condidit, ut principia, quae democratiam liberalem sive societatem liberalem regere debent, defenderet et illustraret. Hoc conatum, alia perspectiva et alio titulo continuans, ad periodicum ''[[Contrepoint]]'' contulit, a tribus studentibus [[Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense|Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] mense Maio 1970 conditum. Triginta annos docuit, praesertim apud Institutum Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiense et [[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]], et cathedram ''Sociologiae Civilisationis Modernae'' apud [[Collegium Franciae]] anno 1970 obtinuit. Commentator agnitus est de [[Carolus Marxius|Marxio]], [[Carolus Philippus Amadeus de Clausewitz|Clausewitz]], [[Alexander Kojève|Kojève]] et [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Sartre]]. Grâce à des compétences et des centres d'intérêt multiples (en [[économie (discipline)|économie]], [[sociologie]], [[philosophie]], [[relations internationales]], [[géopolitique]]), il se distingue et acquiert une grande réputation auprès des intellectuels. Ses convictions [[libéralisme|libérales]] et [[atlantisme|atlantistes]] lui attirent de nombreuses critiques venant des partisans de la gauche et de la droite. Il garde néanmoins tout au long de sa vie un ton modéré<ref>{{opus |auctor=Perrine Simon |titulus=Raymond Aron dans l'histoire du siècle |domus editoria=[[Vingtième Siècle : Revue d'histoire]] |volume=9 |date=1986 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/xxs_0294-1759_1986_num_9_1_1460 |pagina=124-126 }} {{ling|Francogallice}}.</ref>. Il est élu en 1963 à l'[[Académie des sciences morales et politiques]]<ref>{{opus |langue=fr |titulus=M. Raymond Aron est élu l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1963/11/27/m-raymond-aron-est-elu-membre-de-l-academie-des-sciences-morales-et-politiques_2220400_1819218.html |situs=lemonde.fr |data=27 novembre 1963 }}.</ref>. Le 17 octobre 1983, il meurt d'une [[Infarctus du myocarde|crise cardiaque]] à l'âge de 78 ans, alors qu'il quitte le [[palais de justice de Paris]], situé dans le [[4e arrondissement de Paris|{{4e}} arrondissement]], après avoir témoigné en faveur de [[Bertrand de Jouvenel]] lors du procès qui oppose ce dernier à [[Zeev Sternhell]]<ref>{{lien web|périodique=émission de [[Canal Académie]] |url=http://www.canalacademie.com/ida3922-Un-intellectuel-atypique-Bertrand-de-Jouvenel.html|titre=Un intellectuel atypique : Bertrand de Jouvenel|date=}}, fiche de présentation.</ref>. Il est inhumé dans le caveau familial du [[cimetière du Montparnasse]] (division 24)<ref>{{lien web|périodique= |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article722|titre=Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs|date=}}</ref>. == Opera == [[Image:Book signed by Raymond Aron and offered to Maurice Halbwachs.JPG|thumb|right|Envoi de R. Aron à [[Maurice Halbwachs]] sur ''La Sociologie allemande contemporaine'', Paris, Alcan, 1935. <br>Ouvrage conservé à la [[Bibliothèque Saint-Germain-des-Prés|Bibliothèque de sciences humaines et sociales Paris Descartes-CNRS]].]] Les œuvres complètes de Raymond Aron ont été établies par Perrine Simon et Élisabeth Dutartre aux éditions Julliard avec la Société des amis de Raymond Aron en 1989. * ''[[La Sociologie allemande contemporaine]]'', Paris, [[Alcan]], 1935 * ''[[Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire|Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire. Essai sur les limites de l'objectivité historique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1938 * ''[[Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine|Essai sur la théorie de l'histoire dans l'Allemagne contemporaine. La philosophie critique de l'histoire]]'', Paris, [[Librairie philosophique Vrin|Vrin]], 1938 * ''[[L'Homme contre les tyrans]]'', New York, La Maison française, 1944 * ''[[De l'armistice à l'insurrection nationale]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945 * ''[[L'Âge des empires et l'Avenir de la France]]'', Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1945 * ''Chroniques de guerre. « La France Libre », 1940-1945'', [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1945<br> Rassemble les trois livres précédents. Nouvelle édition avec introduction de [[Jean-Marie Soutou]] et appareil critique de Christian Bachelier, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1990. * ''Les Français devant la Constitution'' (en collaboration avec Francis Cleirens), Paris, [[Défense de la France]], 1946 * ''[[Le Grand Schisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1948 * ''[[Les Guerres en chaîne]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1951 * ''[[La Coexistence pacifique|La Coexistence pacifique. Essai d'analyse]]'', Paris, Monde nouveau, 1953<br>Sous le pseudonyme de « François Houtisse », signalé par [[Boris Souvarine]]<ref>{{Lien web|url=http://raymond-aron.ehess.fr/document.php?id=48|titre=Bulletin d’information – Archives Raymond Aron|éditeur=[[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]]|date=juin 1995|site=raymond-aron.ehess.fr|consulté le=3 décembre 2013}}.</ref>. * ''[[L'Opium des intellectuels]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1955 * ''[[Polémiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1955 * ''[[La Tragédie algérienne]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1957 * ''[[Espoir et peur du siècle|Espoir et peur du siècle. Essais non partisans]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1957 * ''[[L'Algérie et la République]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1958 * ''[[La Société industrielle et la guerre suivi d'un Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958|La Société industrielle et la Guerre]]'' suivi d'un ''[[Tableau de la diplomatie mondiale en 1958]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1959 * ''[[Immuable et changeante|Immuable et changeante. De la IVe à la Ve République]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1959 * ''[[Dimensions de la conscience historique]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1961 * ''[[Paix et guerre entre les nations]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1962 * ''[[Le Grand Débat (Raymond Aron)|Le Grand Débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1963 * ''[[Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1963 * ''[[La Lutte des classes (Aron)|La Lutte des classes]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1964 * ''[[Essai sur les libertés]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1965 * ''[[Démocratie et Totalitarisme]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1965 * ''[[Trois essais sur l'âge industriel]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1966 * ''[[Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1967 * ''[[De Gaulle, Israël et les Juifs]]'', Paris, [[Plon]], 1968 * ''[[La Révolution introuvable|La Révolution introuvable. Réflexions sur les événements de mai]]'', Paris, [[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]], 1968 * ''[[Les Désillusions du progrès]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1969 * ''[[D'une sainte famille à l'autre|D'une sainte famille à l'autre. Essai sur le marxisme imaginaire]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1969 * ''[[De la condition historique du sociologue]]'', Paris, Gallimard, 1971 * ''[[Études politiques]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1972 * ''[[République impériale|République impériale. Les États-Unis dans le monde (1945–1972)]]'', Paris, [[Calmann-Lévy]], 1973 * ''[[Histoire et dialectique de la violence]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1973<br>Ce livre, qui est un commentaire de la ''Critique de la raison dialectique'' de [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], fait l'objet d'une analyse par son ancien éditeur [[Pierre Verstraeten]], professeur à l'ULB : ''L'Anti-Aron'', [[Éditions de la Différence]], 2008). * ''[[Penser la guerre, Clausewitz]]'', 2 vol., Paris, [[Éditions Gallimard|Gallimard]], 1976 * ''[[Plaidoyer pour l'Europe décadente]]'', Paris, [[Robert Laffont]], 1977 * ''[[Le Spectateur engagé]]'', entretiens avec [[Jean-Louis Missika]] et [[Dominique Wolton]], Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1981, 342 pages avec présentation finale de Jean-Louis Missika et Dominique Wolton. Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages, articles et pamphlets de Raymond Aron, p. 333-339. * ''[[Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard]], 1983, 1082{{nb p.}} ===À titre posthume=== * ''[[Les Dernières Années du siècle]]'', Paris, [[Éditions Julliard|Julliard]], 1984 * ''Études sociologiques'', Paris, [[Presses universitaires de France|PUF]], 1988<ref>{{Article |langue=fr |auteur=Hervé Coutau-Bégarie |titre=Raymond Aron. Etudes sociologiques |périodique=Politique étrangère |volume=53 |numéro=4 |date=1988 |lire en ligne=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_4_3826_t1_1016_0000_1 |pages=1016 }}</ref> * ''Une histoire du {{s-|XX}}, anthologie'', Paris, Plon, 1996 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Raymond Aron|auteur2=[[Louis Séchan]]|titre=''Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire''|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions de Fallois]]|année=1997|pages totales=254|isbn=2-253-90536-4}} * ''[[Le Marxisme de Marx]]'', Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2002 {{ISBN|2-87706-423-9}} ; rééd. poche, 1082{{nb p.}}, Paris, 2004 {{ISBN|2-253-10800-6}} * ''[[De Giscard à Mitterrand : 1977-1983]]'', éditoriaux parus dans ''[[L'Express]]'', préface de Jean-Claude Casanova, Paris, [[Éditions de Fallois|Fallois]], 2005, 895{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|2-87706-570-7}} * ''Essais sur la condition juive contemporaine'', Paris, Tallandier, 2007. * ''Liberté et égalité (cours au Collège de France)'', Paris, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013 * {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|titre=Aron et De Gaulle|prénom1=Jean-Claude|nom1=Casanova|lien auteur1=Jean-Claude Casanova|prénom2=Jean-Claude|nom2=Casanova|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Calmann Lévy|lien éditeur=Calmann-Levy|année=2022|pages totales=399|isbn=978-2-702-18360-1|isbn10=2-702-18360-3|oclc=1350349818|id=JC C 2022}}. * ''Critique de la pensée sociologique : Cours au Collège de France (1970-1971 et 1971-1972)'', 2023, Éditions Odile Jacob, {{ISBN|978-2738157652}}, * ''Leçons sur l'histoire : Cours au Collège de France (1972-1973 et 1973-1974)'', 2023, Éditions De Fallois. * ''L'Europe selon Aron'', recueil de textes de Raymond Aron, textes choisis et préfaces par Joël Mouric, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 400 p., 2024 {{ISBN|978-2702189603}} * ''Aron, critique de Sartre : Textes rassemblés et commentés par [[Perrine Simon-Nahum]]'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, coll. Bibliothèque Raymond Aron, 350 p., 2025 {{ISBN|978-2702191644}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Raymond Aron|Raymondum Aron}} {{Fontes biographici}} <!--{{Lifetime|1905|1983|Aron, Raymondus}}--> [[:Categoria:Agnostici]] [[:Categoria:Politologi]] [[:Categoria:Sectatores Franciae liberae]] [[:Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Professores apud Collegium Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Scientiarum Moralium et Politicarum]] [[:Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Scientiarum Americanae]] [[:Categoria:Professores Scholae Studiorum ad Scientias Sociales Superiorum (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Professores Instituti Scientiarum Politicarum Parisiensis]] [[:Categoria:Philosophi]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Lycei Condorcet]] [[:Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]] [[:Categoria:Sociologi]] = [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] = Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est. cf fr.wikipedia Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est. == Fontes == Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491. cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org <!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--> [[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]] 3pamxfsgujmq7tac1fuhc7132gzorrg 4 322071 3987258 3986738 2026-09-11T06:19:22Z נתנאל שטרן 175178 /* Articulum de XGBoost scribere volo. */ nova pars 3987258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :"-caryotica" melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut "k" scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Consentio. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:16, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::"nullae sunt causae": consentiebam imprimis sed nunc occursit mihi formae "-karyota" esse in taxonomia Linnaeana. Etenim (cuius ratione fortasse) redirigitur [[Eucaryota]] ad "Eukaryota" et [[Procaryota]] ad "Prokaryota". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::Si alterum rectum est, alterum fontibus biloolgicis testatum, unum eligere non possumus, eligas, quod velis. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:10, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == Pagina mensis Iulii 2026 abest == {{Excepta|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis|2026}} == Paginae de praenominibus: lemmata typis italicis necne? == In disputatione {{caput|Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|Carolus: Cur titulus italicus?}}, noster [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]] suadet ut lemmata qualia illa paginarum de praenominibus scribantur typis italicis. Ego nescio quid sit faciendum. Praenomina apud Vicipaediam Anglicam et alibi non scribuntur typis italicis (e.g. [[:en:Martin (name)]]), sed nobis licet aliam regulam nostram statuere. Attamen, si hanc conventionem adoptamus, oportebit eam ubique adhibere, atque multae paginae emendandae erunt. Quid dicatis? Censeatisne lemmata in paginis de praenominibus scribenda esse typis italicis? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:34, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :::And yet, Grufo, in the article that you cite ("[[:en:Martin (name)]]"), you'll find this heading: "The name ''Martin'' in different regions"! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:50, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :::: I am not against using italics for words cited as words, I am just wondering whether ''the page's lemma'' should be italicized (i.e. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Titulus italicus}} ... {{ires|Martinus}} est praenomen ...</syntaxhighlight>). Having somewhere below the lead something like <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>Nomen ''Martinus'' ...</syntaxhighlight>, seems pretty fine to me, especially when discussing etimologies. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:01, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :Non, hoc insolitum est, multos annos Vicipaedia sine hoc italico vivebat. Argumentum Jacobi est: :* Leo XIV est pontifex, sed eius nomen familiare est ''Robertus'' (vel "Robertus"), — :hic de praenomine ut nomine, non de homine vel de re agitur, hic scriptura italica vel virgulae possibiles sunt. Sed pagina de ipso praenomine hoc praenomen ut rem describendam tractat. Nullae sunt causae, ut huius generis paginarum formam mutemus. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :::Iste locus omnino rectus non est. "''Robertus'' (vel "Robertus")" non scripsi. Quod scripsi est: ::::[[Leo XIV]] est [[Episcopus Romanus]], sed eius nomen familiare est ''Robertus.'' :::At least in English, and in the English wikipedia, words cited as words are customarily italicized (not quoted); however, as noted in effect by Grufo, many writers, including those of the English wikipedia, make an exception for capitalized nouns. Much of the time, that's perhaps unobjectionable, as it doesn't lead to misreading, but it can generate curious locutions, for example: ::::Henry Edward Manning has been translated '[[Henricus Eduardus Manning]].' :::This is curious because, for people reading these words for the first time, the lack of italics in the text effectively marks Manning as a human being, not a set of words, and human beings can't be translated, unless, of course, they're bishops, who can indeed be translated (from see to see); but Manning was never a bishop of anywhere except Westminster, so he was never translated—making ''both'' of these sentences true. but ''only'' when italics are selectively deployed: ::::''Henry Edward Manning'' was often translated. ::::Henry Edward Manning was never translated. :::Granted, this is a rare example, but it's most definitely a valid contrastive minimal pair. In any event, relying on capitalization may prove problematic in general, since many nouns capitalized in the Anglo-German world are ''not'' capitalized in many other languages, and that's "a whole nother can of worms." [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:38, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC) ::::Okay, but in the title of a Wikipedia article, the name is not taken as word, but as an object that the article treats. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 09:29, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :::::That's true. Substantive "Xxxx (nomen)" articles have some reasons not to exist in an encyclopaedia at all: so far as I remember, they exist on Vicipaedia because (a) there is an anonymous contributor who likes creating them, and generally does no harm, (b) they could remain useful as disambiguation pages if they offer links to more than one existing substantive article. I suggest not making any special rule for formatting them here, when there's no such rule on other Wikipedias. Formatting is a distraction, and Latin is light on formatting compared with other modern printed languages. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 07:30, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC) == [[:Categoria:Portae]] == [[:Categoria:Portae]] nunc includit paginas sui generis, quod vulgo ''portal'' nominatur, sed habemus aliquot paginas de portis veris, de aedificiis huius generis ([[Porta Aurea]], [[Porta nigra]], [[Porta Praenestina]], [[Porta Brandenburgensis]], [[Porta Graach]] etc.) Puto categoriae portalium aliud nomen dandum esse, e.g. "Portae Vicipaedianae", "Portae (Vicipaedia)", in [[:categoria:Portae]] autem portas veras colligendas. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 09:57, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Si nomen tuum addere vis, tantummodo substitue “subst:Assenserunt” in locum verbi “Assenserunt” hic: -->{{Assenserunt|Grufo=2026-08-21 11:00:42}} : Categoriam “[[:Categoria:Portae Vicipaedianae|Portae Vicipaedianae]]” creavi et nonnullas subcategorias ibi movi, sed nunc tantummodo telephonio geatabili recensere possum; postea ceteras subcategorias illūc movebo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:25, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :: {{Ok}} Factum est. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:04, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:32, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC) == De paginis inter dies 12 Iulii et 5 Augusti 2026 creatis == Septuaginta duas novas paginas quotidianas die 25 Iunii 2026 posteriores [[Specialis:Diff/3985927/3985929|addidi]], attamen paginas inter dies 12 Iulii et 5 Augusti 2026 scriptas inspicere non potui. Si bonarum paginarum illis diebus scriptarum meministis, quaeso, [[Specialis:EditPage/Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Promovendae|addite indici]]! Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 5 Septembris 2026 (UTC) == Ascalon Adumbratio? == Non intellego cur pagina Ascalon in adumbrationibus relegata permaneat (oblivio?) cum tot pessimae et brevissimae paginae (de eis nuncupatim loqui nolo) nostram Vicipaediam dehonestant. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 17:07, 8 Septembris 2026 (UTC) : Et ego censeo paginam iam maturam esse ut in encyclopaediam recipiatur. Idem auctorem rogavi (confer {{Caput|Disputatio Adumbrationis:Ascalon|Non iam adumbratio}}), sed ipse respondit se plura de recentiore historia Ascalonis et nonnulla de aetate Turcica ac Britannica scribere velle. Mea sententia, paginam in encyclopaediam {{Nexus cum parametris|Specialis:Paginam movere/Adumbratio:Ascalon|movere|wpReason=Demum commentatio parata est|wpNewTitle=Ascalon|prefix=}} possumus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:25, 8 Septembris 2026 (UTC) :: Nihil impedit enim quominus paginam emendet in Vicipaedia iusta ut omnes quotidie facimus. Praeterea iam duos menses pagina non iam aucta est et ex aliis Vicipaediis invisibilis iacet. Censeo et ipse movendam esse.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 20:42, 8 Septembris 2026 (UTC) ::: {{Factum est}} --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 8 Septembris 2026 (UTC) == Articulum de [[XGBoost]] scribere volo. == '''Articulum de XGBoost componere cupio, qui originem, structuram algorithmicam, rationem gradientis boosting, praecipuos usus atque partes eius in machinali doctrina accurate exponat.''' [[Usor:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:נתנאל שטרן|disputatio]]) 06:19, 11 Septembris 2026 (UTC) 3pbw46fveibdzymf6t16p0vzpz283vm 0 324458 3987249 3957400 2026-09-11T01:49:49Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3987249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolationem”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risus dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, cum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] a9rjvbf8jdpv20bnuwu24wvlnctubmz 3987250 3987249 2026-09-11T01:50:21Z Grufo 64423 /* Descriptio */ 3987250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolatio”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risus dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, cum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 0cgcvno092z7ifqeljol9zlq0z3nmm7 3987251 3987250 2026-09-11T01:51:29Z Grufo 64423 3987251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolatio”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risus dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, quum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] pby87oaecelpz4ppyji86f596ofwihl 3987252 3987251 2026-09-11T01:51:57Z Grufo 64423 3987252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolatio”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risūs dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, quum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] egodxg50w6us0cm6tdhz03bxk9y45sb 3987253 3987252 2026-09-11T01:54:03Z Grufo 64423 De citationibus 3987253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolatio”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263">{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262–263.</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263" /> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risūs dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, quum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263" /> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] barypawrxw1uvs5pfgfbzzrcfv9rx8f 3987255 3987253 2026-09-11T03:09:13Z Grufo 64423 3987255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56–70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1a.}}Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1b.}}Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1c.}}Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1d.}}Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2a.}}Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2b.}}Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4a.}}O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4b.}}Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|5.}}Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6a.}}Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6b.}}Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|6c.}}Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|7.}}Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8a.}}Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|8b.}}Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9a.}}Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|9b.}}† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|10.}}Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11a.}}Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|11b.}}Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|12.}}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13a.}}Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13b.}}Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|13c.}}Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. {{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|14.}}Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata [[poësis]] amatoria, in qua poëta dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]] incipit, artem poëticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris connectens, more [[Goliardia|goliardico]] usitato.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, velut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poëta inter spem et desperationem (“desolatio”) vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et ingeniosa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum praecipuum de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, item ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, rem evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poëta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione “dax” (quae vocabulo Proventiali “midons” respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus “mira caritas” et “largitas” vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263">{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262–263.</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poëticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poëtas lyricos {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Teos|Teios|en|qid=Q17586}} alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum [[Medium aevum]] symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263" /> Mythologicae figurae qualis [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risūs dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poëta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaderet, carminis initium ipsi esset mutandum, quum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnaturum esset.<ref name="rossi-2006-p262-263" /> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] mdo3kwuvr89idpzxsubldjsy5ibwjmc 0 325879 3987211 3973488 2026-09-10T19:40:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De familia */ 3987211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione librorum sexti, septimi, octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganarum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit<ref>Symmachus IV.19.1 et IV.51.</ref>, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] gratia<ref>Symmachus IV.4.</ref> praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorio imperante]] factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *[https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?hd_nr=&tm_nr=&fo_antik=&fo_modern=&fundstelle=&region=&compFundjahr=eq&fundjahr=&aufbewahrung=&compHoehe=eq&hoehe=&compBreite=eq&breite=&compTiefe=eq&tiefe=&bh=&dat_tag=&dat_monat=&jahre=600+BC+-+1500+AD&literatur=CIL+06%2C+01783&kommentar=&p_name=&p_praenomen=&p_nomen=&p_cognomen=&p_supernomen=&p_origo=&p_geschlecht=&p_ljahre_comp=gt&p_ljahre=&p_lmonate_comp=gt&p_lmonate=&p_ltage_comp=gt&p_ltage=&p_lstunden_comp=gt&p_lstunden=&atext1=&bool=AND&atext2=&sort=hd_nr&anzahl=20 CIL 6,1783] Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.69.2 89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 et imprimis IV.4. == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] rzcjtg3pcab70l57qz1qo9e8fwyjj3u 0 328343 3987171 3986656 2026-09-10T16:32:19Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3987171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Beatus]] {{res|Antonius Fridericus Ozanam}} (natus [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[23 Aprilis]] [[1813]]; mortuus [[Massilia]]e die [[8 Septembris]] [[1853]]) fuit [[litterae|litterarum]] peritus, [[iuris consultus]], [[diurnarius]], et iurum aequalium defensor [[Francia|Francicus]]. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Societas Sancti Vincentii|Societatem Sancti Vincentii a Paulo|en|qid=Q1528836}} condidit. [[Professor]] [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Parisiensis]] fuit. Quadraginta annos natus e [[phthisis|phthisi]] mortuus est. A [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo Papa II]] anno [[1997]] [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|ecclesiae cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis]] beatus est. Eius [[dies festus]] est [[9 Septembris]]. == Opera == * — (1836). ''Deux chanceliers d'Angleterre, Bacon de Verulam et Saint Thomas de Cantorbéry''. * — (1839). ''Dante et la philosophie catholique au XIIIeme siècle''. * — (1847–1849). ''Études germanique''s. * — (1850). ''Documents Inédits pour servir a l'histoire de l'Italie depuis le VIIIeme siècle jusqu'au XIIeme''. * — (1852). ''Les Poètes franciscains en Italie au XIIIme siècle''. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Frédéric Ozanam|Fridericum Ozanam}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{beatus-stipula}} {{Anni vitae|1813|1853|Ozanam, Fridericus}} [[Categoria:Beati]] [[Categoria:Causidici]] [[Categoria:Diurnarii Franciae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Parisiensis]] q2q9hz32r2oxps635z0v700xiwe0nin 0 328353 3987092 3986798 2026-09-10T13:20:21Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3987092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Duplicatio|Bibliotheca (informatica)}} {{videdis|Libraria programmationis}} '''Libraria programmationis''' est collectio praeconstuctorum codicis et instrumentorum quae programmatores in applicationes suas integrare possunt, sine necessitatibus ab initio componendi. Libraria fundamentales sunt ad developmentum programmationis modernae, quod velocitate developi et qualitate codicum eminentiam praebet. Libraria constet ex functionibus, classibus, modulis, et constantibus quae solutiones praebent ad problemata communia. Haec instrumenta temporis developi diminuunt et errores minores faciunt per codicem iam probatum et optimizatum adhibendum. == Definitio et Principia == Libraria programmationis est coenobium functionalitatis praescriptae quam plurimi programmatores iterative adhibent. Unaquaeque libraria finem specialem habet: * '''Abstractio''': Complexitates difficiles celat, interfaciam simpliciorem praebet * '''Reutilizatio''': Codex ab multis applicationibus adhibetur * '''Standardizatio''': Communis modus solutiones praebendi * '''Efficientia''': Codicem optimizatum et probatum continet == Genera Librarium == === Libraria Generales === Libraria quae multis applicationibus propria sunt: * '''C Standard Library''': Input/output, memoria, strings * '''Java Collections Framework''': Structurae datorum fundamentales * '''Python Standard Library''': Multae functiones utiles === Libraria Speciales === Libraria destinatae ad fines particulares: '''Visio Computatrix''' * OpenCV (imagines processus) * Pillow (imagines manipulatio) * scikit-image (imagines analysus) '''Machina Discens''' * TensorFlow (retia neuralia) * PyTorch (calculus tensorium) * scikit-learn (algorithmi discentes) * XGBoost (gradient boosting) '''Processus Linguae Naturalis''' * NLTK (textus analysus) * spaCy (NLP praepositiones) * Transformers (modeli lingua profunda) '''Mathematica et Numerica''' * NumPy (calculus numericus) * SciPy (algorithmae scientifici) * Matplotlib (visualizatio graphica) * Pandas (datae analysus) '''Retia Computatoria''' * Requests (HTTP clientem) * Django (applicationum retis) * Flask (microservicium retis) * Twisted (retia asynchrona) === Libraria Linguam-Specifiae === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lingua ! Exempla Librarium |- | Python | NumPy, Pandas, Requests, Django, Flask |- | Java | Apache Commons, Guava, JUnit, Spring Framework |- | C++ | Boost, STL, OpenGL, Qt |- | JavaScript | React, Vue.js, Angular, Node.js, Express |- | C# | .NET Framework, Entity Framework, Linq |- | Ruby | Rails, Sinatra, Bundler |- | Go | Gorilla, GORM, Gin |- | Rust | Serde, Tokio, Rayon |} == Architectura Librarium == === Structura Componentium === Libraria typice continet: '''Header Files (Capita)''' * Declarationes functionum * Definitiones typorum * Constantiae et macrones <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #ifndef LIBRARIA_H #define LIBRARIA_H typedef struct { int id; char nomen[50]; } Persona; int addPerson(Persona p); Persona getPerson(int id); #endif </syntaxhighlight> '''Source Files (Fontium Codex)''' * Implementationes functionum * Definitiones variabilium globalium <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> #include "libraria.h" int addPerson(Persona p) { // Implementatio return 0; } Persona getPerson(int id) { // Implementatio Persona p; return p; } </syntaxhighlight> '''Documentation (Documenta)''' * Specificationes API * Exempla usus * Instructiones installatione === Modus Compilationis === Libraria compilantur ut: * '''Libraria Staticae''' (.a, .lib): Codex incorporatur in applicatione * '''Libraria Dynamicae''' (.so, .dll): Codex separatus et tempore exsequtionis vincitur * '''Libraria Interpretative''': Codicem interpretantur sine compilatione praevia == Exempla Practici == === Exemplum 1: NumPy Numerica === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import numpy as np # Array creare a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) b = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10]) # Operationes vectoriales c = a + b # [3, 6, 9, 12, 15] d = a * b # [2, 8, 18, 32, 50] # Matrix operationes M = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) N = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) P = np.dot(M, N) # Matrix multiplicatio print(c) print(P) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum 2: Requests HTTP === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> import requests # Request mittere response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') # Status codicem inspicere if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() print(data) else: print("Error:", response.status_code) # POST request payload = {'key': 'valorem'} response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/submit', json=payload) </syntaxhighlight> === Exemplum 3: Django Web Framework === <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class HelloView(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse("Salve, munde!") class PersonView(View): def post(self, request): nomen = request.POST.get('nomen') return HttpResponse(f"Nomen tuam est: {nomen}") </syntaxhighlight> == Gestio Dependentiarum == Moderni programmatores instrumenta adhibent ad librarias administrare: === Python === * '''pip''': Package Index Python * '''conda''': Environment et package management * '''poetry''': Dependentiarum resolutio Exemplum requirements.txt: <syntaxhighlight> numpy==1.21.0 pandas>=1.3.0 matplotlib~=3.4.2 requests>=2.26.0 </syntaxhighlight> === JavaScript === * '''npm''': Node Package Manager * '''yarn''': Package manager Facebooki * '''pnpm''': Package manager performantis Exemplum package.json: <syntaxhighlight lang="json"> { "name": "meus_projectus", "version": "1.0.0", "dependencies": { "react": "^18.0.0", "express": "^4.18.0", "axios": "^0.27.0" } } </syntaxhighlight> === Java === * '''Maven''': Build automation * '''Gradle''': Build system modernior Exemplum pom.xml: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.12.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </syntaxhighlight> == Beneficia Librarium == * '''Velocitas Developi''': Codex praeconstuctus tempus servat * '''Qualitas''': Codicem probatum et optimizatum * '''Reutilizatio''': Una libraria multae applicationes * '''Manutenentia''': Errata et securitas updatae centraliter * '''Compatibilitas''': Versionum signorum management * '''Standardizatio''': Communis interfaciae omnibus == Pericula Librarium == * '''Dependentia Profunda''': Multae dependentiae inter se * '''Versio Conflictus''': Incompatibilitas inter versiones * '''Securitas Vulnerabilitates''': Libraria malorum codicum continere potest * '''Manutenentia Deficit''': Libraria vetustae plus non actualizantur * '''Inflatio''': Multae libraria memoria et velocitate consumunt == Bestiae Practici == === Versionum Numeri === Versiones typice sequuntur ''Semantic Versioning'': * MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH (e.g., 2.5.3) * MAJOR: Incompatibiles changi * MINOR: Functionalitas novae, compatibiles * PATCH: Bug fixes === Licentiae == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Licentia ! Descriptio ! Exempla |- | MIT | Permissiva, libertas maxima | React, Node.js, jQuery |- | Apache 2.0 | Permissiva cum patentem protegio | Android, Kubernetes |- | GPL | Copyleft, derivativa libera | Linux, WordPress |- | BSD | Permissiva, simplices conditiones | Django, NumPy |- | LGPL | Copyleft mittior | Qt, Gtk |} == Historia Librarium == * '''1960s-1970s''': Libraria primae ad matematica et input/output * '''1980s''': Libraria graphicae et retialium * '''1990s''': Orientatio obiectorum, libraria magnae * '''2000s''': Open source explosio, repositorium centrales (CPAN, PyPI) * '''2010s''': Machina discens, big data libraria * '''2020s''': AI/ML dominatio, serverless computatio == Repositoria Centrales == === Python === * '''PyPI''' (Python Package Index): 300,000+ packagi * URL: https://pypi.org/ === JavaScript === * '''npm''': 1,000,000+ packagi * URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180413130005/https://www.npmjs.com/ === Java === * '''Maven Central''': 8,000,000+ artifacts * URL: https://mvnrepository.com/ === C++/C === * '''Vcpkg''': Package management C++ * '''Conan''': Dependency management === Rust === * '''Crates.io''': 100,000+ crates * URL: https://crates.io/ == Comparatio Popularium Librarium == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Dominium ! Libraria 1 ! Libraria 2 ! Libraria 3 |- | Machina Discens | TensorFlow | PyTorch | scikit-learn |- | Web Backend | Django | Flask | FastAPI |- | Web Frontend | React | Vue.js | Angular |- | Datae Analysus | Pandas | Polars | DuckDB |- | Numerica | NumPy | JAX | CuPy |} == Optimization et Performance == Cum librarias eligimus: * '''Velocitas''': CPU/GPU benchmark * '''Memoria''': Consumption mensurare * '''Dependentiae''': Minimae dependentiae praeferantur * '''Communitas''': Activa supportio et updates * '''Documentatio''': Exempla clara et tutorial == Nexus Externi == === Repositoria Principalia === * https://pypi.org/ (Python) * https://web.archive.org/web/20180413130005/https://www.npmjs.com/ (JavaScript) * https://mvnrepository.com/ (Java) * https://crates.io/ (Rust) * https://packagist.org/ (PHP) === Instrumenta == * https://libraries.io/ (Dependency monitoring) * https://snyk.io/ (Securitas vulnerabilities) * https://dependabot.com/ (Automated updates) == Bibliotheca == * McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2015). ''Cracking the Coding Interview''. CareerCup. * Martin, Robert C. (2008). ''Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship''. Prentice Hall. * Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999). ''The Pragmatic Programmer''. Addison-Wesley. [[Categoria:Programmatio]] [[Categoria:Ingenium programmationis]] [[Categoria:Instrumenta programmationis]] [[Categoria:Libraria programmationis]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} ni74pfwb8wlc71v5c6mz9ovoh8b57gw 0 328406 3987103 3987070 2026-09-10T13:53:30Z Grufo 64423 Paginam auxi 3987103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur mediatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem sine correctionibus quantisticis habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) et [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) etiam quantitas {{mvar|κ}} sine dimensione definiri potest, quae rationem inter peculiares energias gravitatis et peculiares energias interactionis debilis ostendit: : <math>\kappa = \frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] l9kdxmyam676gro58mz873ggca07fbr 3987106 3987103 2026-09-10T14:01:36Z Grufo 64423 3987106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem sine correctionibus quantisticis habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) et [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) etiam quantitas {{mvar|κ}} sine dimensione definiri potest, quae rationem inter peculiares energias gravitatis et peculiares energias interactionis debilis ostendit: : <math>\kappa = \frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] q09t9onp51vgo15xb86och2osx3ajk6 3987107 3987106 2026-09-10T14:05:30Z Grufo 64423 3987107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrino comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem sine correctionibus quantisticis habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) et [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) etiam ratio inter peculiares energias gravitatis et peculiares energias interactionis debilis definiri potest: : <math>\frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 1e35qbvvfeweuqoayns6jykytagdh5u 3987124 3987107 2026-09-10T15:31:44Z Grufo 64423 3987124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrinum comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem, correctionibus quantisticis neglectis, habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) et [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) etiam ratio inter peculiares energias gravitatis et peculiares energias interactionis debilis definiri potest: : <math>\frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] cptjjp716mlevwv0i15hsjq89mbh102 3987177 3987124 2026-09-10T16:48:33Z Grufo 64423 3987177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrinum comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem, correctionibus quantisticis neglectis, habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) et constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) etiam ratio inter peculiares energias interactionis debilis et peculiares energias gravitatis definiri potest: : <math>\frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una Teoria Dei Raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] d4todmcs24lp14xlw0ruakdrgwssp50 3987219 3987177 2026-09-10T20:54:58Z Grufo 64423 3987219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrinum comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur; hoc tempus inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem, correctionibus quantisticis neglectis, habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) et constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) etiam ratio inter peculiares energias interactionis debilis et peculiares energias gravitatis definiri potest: : <math>\frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una teoria dei raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] jz5otu2lbyeehh2yb7o4s95vd93dknh 3987270 3987219 2026-09-11T10:10:46Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3987270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa tabellaria | ; Constans Fermiana | Notatio: {{mvar/G_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[iulium|J]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]³}} }} | ; Constans Fermiana naturalis | Notatio: {{mvar/G0_F}} | Dimensiones: {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}} | Magnitudo: {{Series versibus dissaepta | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}} | {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[iulium|J]]⁻²}} | {{val|1.1663787|(6)|e=-5|u=[[electronvolta|GeV]]⁻²}}<ref name="codata">{{Opus | titulus = CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant | contextus = 2022 CODATA recommended values | tempus = 2024-08-29 | domus editoria = National Institute of Standards and Technology (CFA) | url = https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf | url contextus = https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/JPCRD2022CODATA.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 2026-09-10 | work = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty }}.</ref> }} }} [[Fasciculus:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|Dilapsio β⁻ in [[nucleus atomicus|nucleo atomico]] (antineutrinum comitans omittitur). In imagine dilapsio β⁻ [[neutron]]is liberi ostenditur. Utroque in processu emissio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W⁻|en|qid=Q211922}} intermedii (qui deinde in [[electron]]em et [[neutrinum|antineutrinum]] dilabitur) non ostenditur.]] [[Fasciculus:MuonFermiDecay.gif|thumb|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} per [[vector|vectores]] quattuor in singulum punctum sub constante Fermiana {{mvar/G_F}} convergentes hic ostenditur.]] {{res|Constans Fermiana}} ({{mvar/G_F}} aut formā naturali saepe {{mvar/G0_F}} notata) est [[quantitas constans]] in [[physica particularum]] adhibita. Ei sunt [[dimensio]]nes {{Dimensiones|5|1|−2}}, aut, formā naturali, {{Dimensiones|−4|−2|4}}. Nomen in honorem [[Henricus Fermi|Henrici Fermi]] ([[1901]]–[[1954]]) [[physicus|physici]] [[Italia|Italici]] electum est, qui anno [[1933]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|interactio Fermiana|suam theoriam|en|qid=Q1406423}} proposuit ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio beta|dilapsionem beta|en|qid=Q306786}}<ref>De nomine {{locutio|dilapsionis}} {{LLHL26|Zerfall|339|prima=minuscula}}.</ref> explicandam.<ref>{{qc|Fermi, 1934}}.</ref><ref>{{Qc|Fermi & Wilson, 1968}}.</ref> Duae eiusdem constantis formae, {{mvar/G_F}} et {{mvar/G0_F}}, hac ratione inter se referuntur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{G_{\rm F}}{(\hbar c)^3}</math> Constans Fermiana valet {{val|1.435851|(7)|e=-62|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁵&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁻²}}; constans autem Fermiana naturalis valet {{val|4.5437956|(23)|e=14|u=[[chiliogramma|kg]]⁻²&thinsp;[[metrum|m]]⁻⁴&thinsp;[[secundum|s]]⁴}}. Accuratissima determinatio e mensurā {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dilapsio exponentialis|temporis vitae|en|qid=Q574576}} [[muon]]is habetur, quod inversē {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportio|proportionale|en|qid=Q117209928}} est [[quadratura (mathematica)|quadrato]] constantis Fermianae ({{mvar/G_F}}).<ref name="chitwood-et-al-2007">{{Qc|Chitwood & al., 2007}}.</ref> Forma naturalis constantis—id est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|unitates naturales|unitatibus naturalibus|en|qid=Q3962243}} expressa—est,<ref name="griffiths-2009">{{Qc|Griffiths, 2009}}.</ref><ref name="codata" /> : <math>G_{\rm F}^0=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\frac{g^{2}}{M_{\rm W}^{2} c^4}</math> ubi {{mvar|g}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|constans copulationis||en|qid=Q1193095}} [[Vis debilis|interactionis debilis]] et {{math|{{mvar|M}}_W}} est massa {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bosones W et Z|bosonis W|en|qid=Q211922}}, qui dilapsionem de qua agitur moderatur. In [[theoria canonica]], constans Fermiana ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|mechanema Higgsianum|valorem exspectatum vacui Higgsiani|en|qid=Q747702}} refertur:<ref>{{Qc|Plehn & Rauch, 2005}}.</ref> : <math>v = \left(\sqrt{2} \, G_{\rm F}^0\right)^{-1/2} \simeq 246.22 \; \textrm{GeV}</math> Ad approximationem, correctionibus quantisticis neglectis, habetur: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm W}^2 c^4 (1- M^2_{\rm W}/M^2_{\rm Z} )}</math> Haec formula porro simplicior reddi potest ope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|angulum Weinbergianum|anguli Weinbergiani|en|qid=Q452412}}, ratione inter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|bosones W et Z||en|qid=Q211922}} adhibitā quae per aequationem <math>M_\text{Z}=\frac{M_\text{W}}{\cos\theta_\text{W}}</math> datur, ita ut: : <math>G_{\rm F}^0\simeq \frac {\pi \alpha}{\sqrt{2}~ M_{\rm Z}^{2} c^4\cos^{2}\theta_{\rm W}\sin^{2}\theta_{\rm W}}</math> E ratione inter [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] ({{mvar/G}}) et constantem Fermianam naturalem ({{mvar/G0_F}}) etiam ratio inter peculiares energias interactionis debilis et peculiares energias gravitatis definiri potest: : <math>\frac{E_\text{debil}}{E_\text{grav}} = \sqrt{\frac{4\pi G}{G_{\rm F}^0\hbar c^5}} \simeq 8.4866\times10^{-17}</math> qua * <math>c</math> est [[celeritas lucis|celeritas lucis in vacuo]], * <math>\hbar</math> est [[constans Planckiana minuta]], * <math>G</math> est [[constans gravitatis|constans gravitatis universalis]], * <math>E_\text{debil}</math> est <math>\sqrt{1 / G_F^0}</math>, * <math>E_\text{grav}</math> est [[unitates Planckianae|energia Haevisidiana-Planckiana]], seu <math>E_\text{HP} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{4\pi G}}</math>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi, 1934 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = Henricus | titulus = Tentativo di una teoria dei raggi β | contextus = Nuovo cimento | lingua = it | volumen = 11 | annus = 1934 | paginae = 1–19 | doi = 10.1007/BF02959820 | url = https://www.liberliber.eu/mediateca/libri/f/fermi/tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc/pdf/fermi_tentativo_di_una_teoria_etc.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Fermi & Wilson, 1968 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Fermi | nomen auctoris = E. | cognomen interpretis = Wilson | nomen interpretis = Fred L. | titulus = Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay | contextus = American Journal of Physics | lingua = en | annus = 1968 | annus primae editionis = 1934 | url = https://microboone-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=953;filename=FermiBetaDecay1934.pdf;version=1 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Chitwood & al., 2007 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Chitwood | nomen 1 = D. B. | cognomen 2 = Banks | nomen 2 = T. I. | cognomen 3 = Barnes | nomen 3 = M. J. | cognomen 4 = Battu | nomen 4 = S. | cognomen 5 = Carey | nomen 5 = R. M. | cognomen 6 = Cheekatmalla | nomen 6 = S. | cognomen 7 = Clayton | nomen 7 = S. M. | cognomen 8 = Crnkovic | nomen 8 = J. | cognomen 9 = Crowe | nomen 9 = K. M. | cognomen 10 = Debevec | nomen 10 = P. T. | cognomen 11 = Dhamija | nomen 11 = S. | cognomen 12 = Earle | nomen 12 = W. | cognomen 13 = Gafarov | nomen 13 = A. | cognomen 14 = Giovanetti | nomen 14 = K. | cognomen 15 = Gorringe | nomen 15 = T. P. | cognomen 16 = Gray | nomen 16 = F. E. | cognomen 17 = Hance | nomen 17 = M. | cognomen 18 = Hertzog | nomen 18 = D. W. | cognomen 19 = Hare | nomen 19 = M. F. | cognomen 20 = Kammel | nomen 20 = P. | cognomen 21 = Kiburg | nomen 21 = B. | cognomen 22 = Kunkle | nomen 22 = J. | cognomen 23 = Lauss | nomen 23 = B. | cognomen 24 = Logashenko | nomen 24 = I. | cognomen 25 = Lynch | nomen 25 = K. R. | cognomen 26 = McNabb | nomen 26 = R. | cognomen 27 = Miller | nomen 27 = J. P. | cognomen 28 = Mulhauser | nomen 28 = F. | cognomen 29 = Onderwater | nomen 29 = C. J. G. | cognomen 30 = Ozben | nomen 30 = C. S. | cognomen 31 = Peng | nomen 31 = Q. | cognomen 32 = Polly | nomen 32 = C. C. | cognomen 33 = Rath | nomen 33 = S. | cognomen 34 = Roberts | nomen 34 = B. L. | cognomen 35 = Tishchenko | nomen 35 = V. | cognomen 36 = Wait | nomen 36 = G. D. | cognomen 37 = Wasserman | nomen 37 = J. | cognomen 38 = Webber | nomen 38 = D. M. | cognomen 39 = Winter | nomen 39 = P. | cognomen 40 = Zolnierczuk | nomen 40 = P. A. | auctores dumtaxat = 1 | titulus = Improved Measurement of the Positive-Muon Lifetime and Determination of the Fermi Constant | contextus = Physical Review Letters | lingua = en | volumen = 99 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2007 | bibcode = 2007PhRvL..99c2001C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.032001 | s2cid = 3255120 | pmid = 17678280 | arxiv = 0704.1981 }} }} * <!-- Etiam prima editio in interrete invenitur: https://archive.org/details/GriffithsD.IntroductiontoelementaryparticlesWiley1987 -->{{Ecce citatio | id = Griffiths, 2009 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Griffiths | nomen auctoris = David | titulus = Introduction to Elementary Particles | lingua = en | annus = 2009 | editio = 2 | annus primae editionis = 1987 | paginae = 314–315 | url paginarum = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif/page/n328 | url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic00grif | isbn = 978-3-527-40601-2 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Plehn & Rauch, 2005 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Plehn | nomen 1 = T. | cognomen 2 = Rauch | nomen 2 = M. | titulus = Quartic Higgs coupling at hadron colliders | lingua = en | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 72 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2005 | bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72e3008P | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.053008 | s2cid = 10737764 | arxiv = hep-ph/0507321 }} }} {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Interactio Fermiana||en|qid=Q1406423}} * [[Vis debilis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dilapsio beta||en|qid=Q306786}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] [[Categoria:Quantitates constantes physicae]] [[Categoria:Henricus Fermi]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] bqdxay5c3t06jv5jpsd1mmdtj5ih5cr 0 328411 3987081 2026-09-10T12:50:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langenhagen]] ad [[Longa Indago]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987081 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Longa Indago]] e9l81ntrw5q9190ckcv68trtap2mg59 0 328412 3987084 2026-09-10T12:55:46Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Longa Indago]] 3987084 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Longa Indago]] e9l81ntrw5q9190ckcv68trtap2mg59 0 328413 3987095 2026-09-10T13:38:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langeoog]] ad [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987095 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]] mohrt5v62d5r4vw355doojh8cntfz72 0 328414 3987101 2026-09-10T13:52:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]] 3987101 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]] mohrt5v62d5r4vw355doojh8cntfz72 0 328415 3987102 2026-09-10T13:53:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]] 3987102 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)]] mohrt5v62d5r4vw355doojh8cntfz72 0 328416 3987110 2026-09-10T15:10:22Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Langlingen]] ad [[Langelege]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987110 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Langelege]] c9djg1mdi7hzwx5fxkg6kxrufjb5fiw 0 328417 3987119 2026-09-10T15:25:41Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Flotwedel (commune generale)]] ad [[Flotuvita (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987119 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Flotuvita (commune generale)]] sl3rc4bux3nvprehysdvdwc7q7muyu8 0 328418 3987155 2026-09-10T16:01:43Z Maria.martelli 20183 Res nova ex harenario 3987155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Nonnullae Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] rqqkt9d71j7kdc4ld4i3yqv5sh8udch 3987182 3987155 2026-09-10T17:07:22Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Biographia */ 3987182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Complura Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] ajkkx5yrkfjzrt5ns0xaamru35nnca9 3987183 3987182 2026-09-10T17:07:49Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Biographia */ 3987183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Compluria Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) ''National Museum of Women in the Arts'', cui titulus erat ''American Women Artists 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] 0knvtza4oivu00gcrpbaklmype0mkng 3987187 3987183 2026-09-10T17:17:05Z Maria.martelli 20183 3987187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Compluria Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) Musei Artium Mulierum Americanarum, cui titulus erat ''Mulieres Artifices Americanae 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] iau0aykex2zbgo80c4qawrqfnrkvlfc 3987188 3987187 2026-09-10T17:24:52Z Maria.martelli 20183 /* Opera */ 3987188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Compluria Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) Musei Artium Mulierum Americanarum, cui titulus erat ''Mulieres Artifices Americanae 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, Brazilian Embassy Collection, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud National Museum of Women in the Arts, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Portland Museum of Art, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Brazilian Embassy Collection, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Maryland Historical Society, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, Montclair Art Museum, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud San Diego Museum of Art, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela delineatio, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, The Peale Museum, Baltimore City Life Museums, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela chalcographia [[ratio atra]], 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[Maria Beale|Mariae Beale]] picturam sculpta, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, chalcographia secundum [[David Paton|Davidis Paton]] picturam sculpta, 1690, Missouri Historical Society, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] fi8m4174lgdwdcabqdsl9k92gz2lzm2 3987200 3987188 2026-09-10T18:15:33Z Maria.martelli 20183 nexus 3987200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Still Life with Watermelon, by Sarah Miriam Peale, 1822, oil on panel - Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University - DSC01409.jpg|thumb|250px|Natura mortua cum [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]]] {{res|Sara Miriama Peale}} (''vulgo'': '''Sarah Miriam Peale'''; [[Philadelphia]]e 19 Maii anno [[1800]] nata; [[Philadelphia]]e 4 Februarii anno [[1885]] mortua) fuit pictrix [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]], quae praecipue imagines personarum effingebat. Praeterea prima mulier Americana extimabatur quae picturae opere se sustentaret<ref name = "Peale Family">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/peale-family-of-painters/ |title=The Peale Family of Painters |author=Ogden Kate |publisher= Rutgers University: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |year=2016 |accessdate=6 Gennaio 2017}}</ref>. Ex familia artificum orta, cuius patruus [[Carolus Willson Peale]] clarissimus erat, Sara Peale imagines pinxit potissimum illustrium virorum, civium politicorum et ducum militarium [[Terra Mariae|Terrae Mariae]], [[Pennsilvania|Pennsilvania]]e et [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e. [[La Fayette]] effigiem quater pinxit. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:EBosley.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Elias Bosley (1740–1841), Oleo in tela. 62,23 x 73,66 cm, fere anno 1825]] [[Fasciculus:Basket of berries sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiscus cum bacis, [[1860]])]] Sara filia minima natu erat Miriamae Claypoole et minutorum operum et naturae mortuae pictoris [[Iacomus Peale|Iacomi Peale]], fratris minoris natu [[Carolus Willson Peale|Caroli Willson Peale]]. A patre et fratuo artem picturae didicit et adiutrix patris in officina eius facta est<ref name = "Peale Family"/>. Per discipulatum, coloribus miscendis, lintiis parandis fundisque adumbrandis usum comparavit<ref name="History of American Women">{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2015/04/sarah-miriam-peale.html|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work=History of American Women|accessdate=30 marzo 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Sara et sorores suae, [[Anna Claypoole Peale|Anna Claypoole]] e [[Margarita Angelica Peale|Margarita Angelica]], a mulieribus medii ordinis illius temporis differebant, cum educationem accepissent, uxores et matres esse didicerant, et scientiam mercatoriam et artisticam a familia sua sumpserant<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy (1770-1870)|author=Miller Lillian|publisher=Abbeville Press|year=1996|ISBN=0-7892-0206-9|p=228}}</ref>. Adulescens, experientiam comparavit dum extremam manum picturis patris iniecit. Primae eius operae ad annum 1816 pertinent et res inanimas quales sunt flores effingunt, mox tamen se ad vultus exprimendos convertit. Anno 1818, tres menses cum [[Rembrandus Peale|Rembrando Peale]], suo consobrino, [[Baltimora]]e degit, et iterum annis 1820 et 1822. Is et criticus [[Ioannes Neal]] eius primam pingendi rationem atque picturae argumenta affecerunt<ref>{{cite journal| last = Chico | first = Beverly Berghaus | date = Autunno 1976 | title = Two American Firsts: Sara Peale, Portrait Painter, and John Neal, Critic | url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000283/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_283.pdf | journal = Maryland Historical Society Magazine | volume = 71 | issue= 3 | page = 349 | language= en}}</ref>. Per viginti quinque annos Baltimorae (1822–1847) operata est atque, interdum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtoniae]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | title= Maryland Art Source| urlarchive=https://20030113231623/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000042.html | publisher= The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium | date= 19 giugno 2003 | datearchive= 13 gennaio 2003 | language= en}}</ref>. Sessionibus [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]] interfuit atque multorum virorum illustrium imagines pinxit<ref>{{cite book|author=Miller Lillian B.|title=The Peale family: creation of a legacy, 1770-1870|year=1996|publisher=Abbeville Press|ISBN=9780789202062|page=240}}</ref>. Sara primum apud Academiam Pennsilvaniensem exposuit, opus ''Effigies dominae'' (1818) exhibens. Anno 1824 una<ref name="Brooklyn">Dinner Party database of notable women at the Brooklyn Museum</ref> cum sorore Anna Claypoole Peale in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissa est<ref name="Morgan">{{cite book|author=Morgan Ann Lee|title=The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=2007 |page=367|ISBN=978-0-19-512878-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyvjWAcwnHEC&pg=PA367}}</ref>: ambae enim primae mulieres erant quae hoc honore potirentur. Anno 1831 Baltimorae officinam aperuit<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Peale (1800-1885)|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|work=national Women's History Museum|accessdate=6 Giugno 2017|date=8 novembre 2016|urlarchive=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108014242/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/sarah-peale/|url=dead}}</ref>; exstantque plus quam centum personarum imagines, quas ibi ex mandato effinxit. Ea aetate in urbe sua artifex omnium fecundissima habebatur<ref name="King">{{cite book|author=King Joan |title=Sarah M. Peale: America's first woman artist |publisher=Branden Books|year=1987 |page=296|ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpzXYTgE5YC&pg=PA296}}</ref>. Eius personarum effigies oleo pictae statim a sodalibus Congressūs, legatis aliisque locupletibus in Terra Mariae expetebantur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/sarah-miriam-peale|title=Sarah Miriam Peale|work= National Museum of Women in the Arts nmwa.org|language=en|accessdate=30 marzo 2018}}</ref>. Ars eius imaginum pingendarum genere singularis habetur, propter usum pellium, textilium denticulatorum aliorumque pannorum subtiliter redditorum, necnon propter vultuum, cutis et capillorum similitudinem<ref name="History of American Women"/>. [[Fasciculus:Charles lavallen jessop (boy on a rocking horse) sarah miriam peale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Charles Lavalle Jessop (Puer in equo ligneo se movente), 1840]] Anno 1847, mala valetudine coacta, ad [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbem Sancti Ludovici]] migrare debuit; ibi per se feliciter floruit atque una ex primis artificibus feminis Americanis facta est quae arte sua se alerent<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Maxima pars operum eius huius aetatis apud privatos possidentur<ref name="King"/>. Circiter annum 1860 ad picturas rerum naturae rediit, sed compositione naturaliore atque minus formali quam superioribus annis usa est<ref name="King"/>. Anno 1878 in patriam urbem rediit ibique postremos vitae suae annos cum sororibus suis Anna Claypoole (quae anno 1878 diem supremum obiit) Margaritaque Angelica (quae anno 1882 diem supremum obiit) degit<ref name="Brooklyn"/><ref name="King"/>. Sicut soror eius Margarita, numquam nupsit<ref>{{cite book|author=Greer Germaine |title=The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|year=2001 |page=25|ISBN=1-86064-677-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnBu6eUvx18C&pg=PA25}}</ref>. Anno 1885 in patria urbe sua mortua est<ref name="King"/>. Compluria Sarae opera pictoria in prima expositione (1987) Musei Artium Mulierum Americanarum, cui titulus erat ''Mulieres Artifices Americanae 1830–1930'', exhibita sunt<ref name="Tufts(U.S.)1987">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Tufts|author2=National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation|title=American women artists, 1830-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvxPAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts|ISBN=978-0-940979-01-7}}</ref>. == Opera == * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 61,2 x 48,3 cm, 1818, [[National Portrait Gallery (Washington)|National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]], [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Annae Mariae Smyth effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 91,4 x 71,1 cm, 1821, apud Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem, [[Philadelphia]]e * ''Susannae Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud Musem Artium Mulierum Americanarum, Legationem Brasiliensem, * ''Isaac Avery effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 89,5 x 69,85 cm, 1821, apud Musem Artium Mulierum Americanarum, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Fructus et vinum'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 40,6 cm, 1822 * ''Ioannis Neal effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, [[1823]], apud Museum Artium Portlandensis, [[Portlandia (Cenomannica)|Portlandiae, Cenomannicae]] * ''Uxoris filiique Rubens Peale effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 60,9 cm, 1823, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Eliae Bosley effigies (1740–1841)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 73,66 cm x 62,23 cm, fere 1825, apud privatum, [[Virginia]]e * ''Iosephi Silvestre Rebello'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 70,5 x 89,2 cm, 1826, apud Legationem Brasiliensem, [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e * ''Natura mortua cum uva et [[Citrullus lanatus|citrullo lanato]]'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 36,2 x 48,3 cm, 1828, apud Historicam Societatem Terramariensem, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Mala Persica et uva in catino murrae'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 29,8 x 38,1 cm, 1829, apud Museum Artium Monsclarensem, [[Mons Clarus (Nova Caesarea)|Montis Clari, Novae Caesareae]] * ''Effigies Sarae Peale a se picta'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 68,6 x 50,8 cm, 1830, 96,5x66 cm, apud Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''Caroli Lavalle Jessop effigies (Puer in equo ligneo se movente)'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 90,1 x 106 cm, 1640 * ''Uxoris Gulielmi Crane effigies'', 75,6 x 62,9 cm, 1840, apud Museum Artium Didacopolitanum, [[Didacopolis]], [[California]]e * ''Carolottae Ramsay Bobinson effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, forma ovali, 96,5 x 66 cm, 1640, Peale Museum, [[Baltimora]]e * ''[[Henricus Alexander Wise|Henrici Alexandri Wise]] effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 74,9 x 62,2 cm, 1842, apud Museum Artium Pulchrarum Virginiensem, [[Ricmondia]]e * ''Thomae Hart Benton effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, 76,2 x 63,5 cm, 1842, apud Historicam Societatem Missuriensem, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] * ''Fiscus cum bacis'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, forma ovali, 30,5 x 25,4 cm, 1860 * ''Ludovici Fields Linn effigies'', [[pictura olearia]] in tela, apud Historicam Societatem Missuriensem, [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Urbis Sancti Ludovici]] == Honores == Academica, [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses]], [[Philadelphia]]e, [[Pennsilvania]]e, 1824<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | title = Anna Claypoole Peale | accessdate = 26 Novembris 2010 | website= CLARA Database of Women in the Arts | publisher= National Museum of Women in the Arts | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624205809/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6531 | quote=Anno 1824, ea atque soror sua Sara Miriama factae sunt primae mulieres, quae in [[Academia Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvanienses|Academiam Artium Pulchrarum Pennsilvaniensem]] admissae essent. | url-status= dead}}</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * {{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/sarah_peale.php|author=|author2=|title=Sarah Peale|accessdate=5 Ianuarii 2010|work=Dinner Party database of notable women|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|year=2007|language=en}} * {{cite book|author=Lillian B. Miller|coauthors=|title=The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770–1870|url=|accessdate=|editor=Abbeville Press|year=1996|location=Vasingtonia D.C.|Vasingtonia]]e|language=Anglice|ISBN= 0-7892-0206-9|page=|volume=}} * {{cite book|author=Joan King|coauthors=|title=Sarah M.Peale: America's First Woman Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/sarahmpealeameri00king|accessdate=1° Decembris 1987|editor=Branden Publishing Co.|year=|location=Brookline Village, Massachusetts|language=Anglice||ISBN=0-8283-1999-5|page=|volume=}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sarah Miriam Peale|Saram Miriamam Peale}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/by_artist.php?id=1268|title=Galleria di opere |work=Athenaeum |accessdate=31 Ianuarii 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://it.findagrave.com/memorial/22652252/sarah-miriam-peale |title=Sarah Miriam Peale | work=Find a Grave}} *{{cite web|url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem76/|title=Missouri Remembers: Artists in Missouri through 1951}} {{Lifetime|1800|1885|Peale, Sara Miriama}} [[Categoria:Pictores Civitatum Foederatarum]] 80fmv4a2ook5i280svxjeulpmf6z4tm 0 328419 3987157 2026-09-10T16:02:41Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Habighorst]] ad [[Habighorstium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. 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Vide notam 3987197 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lauenforda]] 5yf6ty034s05cm1s74o9pvx1ksbpna3 0 328424 3987207 2026-09-10T18:50:01Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 nova 3987207 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Acupictura]] qz4sc92ilgebro2lygo5vrxur2i1u3l 0 328425 3987209 2026-09-10T19:17:29Z נתנאל שטרן 175178 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''PyTorch''' est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] [[Programmatura libera|libera]] ad computationes numericas et [[Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam]], praesertim ad [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia]] profunda, destinata. Calculum [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensorum]] cum differentiatione automatica coniungit atque operationes tam in processoriis centralibus quam in acceleratoribus graphicis efficere potest.<ref name="reposit...' 3987209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PyTorch''' est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] [[Programmatura libera|libera]] ad computationes numericas et [[Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam]], praesertim ad [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia]] profunda, destinata. Calculum [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensorum]] cum differentiatione automatica coniungit atque operationes tam in processoriis centralibus quam in acceleratoribus graphicis efficere potest.<ref name="repositorium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch ''PyTorch: Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration''], repositorium officiale apud GitHub.</ref> Interfacies praecipua linguae [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] accommodata est; praeterea interfacies [[C++]] praebetur. Systema rationem programmandi imperativam sequitur, qua computationes per ordinarias instructiones Pythonis describuntur. Hac ratione structura exemplaris, cursus computationis et investigatio errorum cum instrumentis eiusdem linguae coniungi possunt.<ref name="paszke2019">Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa et al., [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9015-pytorch-an-imperative-style-high-performance.pdf ''PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 32, 2019.</ref><ref name="cpp">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/cppdocs/index.html ''PyTorch C++ API''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Historia == PyTorch intra gregem Facebook AI Research societatis [[Facebook]] excultum est. Publice mense Ianuario [[2017]] emissum est: auctores die 19 Ianuarii 2018 primum publicationis anniversarium celebraverunt.<ref name="annus">The PyTorch Team, [https://pytorch.org/blog/a-year-in/ ''PyTorch, a year in…''], 19 Ianuarii 2018. Auctores eo die annum unum a publicatione publica exactum esse rettulerunt.</ref><ref name="fundatio">The Linux Foundation, [https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/press-release/meta-transitions-pytorch-to-the-linux-foundation ''Meta Transitions PyTorch to the Linux Foundation, Further Accelerating AI/ML Open Source Collaboration''], 12 Septembris 2022.</ref> Iam primo anno investigatores codicem commentationum suarum per PyTorch confectum divulgaverunt. Inter exempla ab auctoribus commemorata erant CycleGAN et pix2pix, ad imagines transformandas, atque instrumenta ad linguam naturalem et exemplaria probabilistica tractanda. Sic circa bibliothecam collectio programmatum investigationi destinatorum constituta est.<ref name="annus" /> Anno [[2019]] Adam Paszke et collegae architecturam systematis in conventu NeurIPS descripserunt. Commentatio rationem imperativam, integrationem cum Pythone, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum exposuit; celeritatem quoque partium systematis atque integrorum exemplarium experimentis comparavit.<ref name="paszke2019" /> Versio 2.0 die 15 Martii [[2023]] publicata est. Inter mutationes praecipuas fuit interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, qua compilatio computationum ad modum usus iam constitutum accessit.<ref name="versio2">PyTorch Foundation, [https://pytorch.org/blog/pytorch-2-0-release/ ''PyTorch 2.0: Our next generation release that is faster, more Pythonic and Dynamic as ever''], 15 Martii 2023.</ref> == Fundamenta computationis == === Tensores === Structura datorum praecipua est <code>torch.Tensor</code>. Haec valores scalares, vectores, matrices et ordines plurium dimensionum repraesentare potest. Eius proprietates numerum axium eorumque longitudines, genus elementorum et apparatum in quo data servantur indicant. Tensores ad data exemplari tradenda, ad eventus computandos et ad parametros retis repraesentandos adhibentur.<ref name="tensores">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/tensorqs_tutorial.html ''Tensors''], documenta officialia.</ref> Bibliotheca operationes arithmeticas, multiplicationem matricum, mutationes formae et alias rationes [[Algebra linearis|algebrae linearis]] praebet. Cum [[NumPy]] communicare potest; certis condicionibus tensores in memoria processorii centralis et ordines NumPy eandem memoriam participant. Computationes etiam ad acceleratores transferri possunt, quamquam ipsa translatio datorum tempus et memoriam consumit.<ref name="tensores" /> === Differentiatio automatica === Pars <code>torch.autograd</code> derivatas operationum conexarum automatice computat. In ratione inversa, dum calculus procedit, nexus inter operationes memorantur; deinde graphus computationis ordine retrogrado percurritur et gradientes regula catenae componuntur. Haec ratio in exercitatione retium neuralium adhibetur, ut computetur quomodo functio iacturae a singulis parametris pendeat.<ref name="autograd">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/autograd.html ''Autograd mechanics''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> In exsecutione immediata, Anglice ''eager execution'', graphus differentiationis singulis iterationibus denuo construitur. Condiciones et iterationes Pythonis igitur computationem secundum data mutare possunt, neque omnes cursus possibiles ante exsecutionem in uno grapho describendi sunt. Proprietas <code>requires_grad</code> et modi ad calculum gradientium regendum determinant quae operationes in hanc rationem recipiantur.<ref name="autograd" /> === Interfacies C++ === ATen fundamentum operationum tensorialium praebet. Interfacies C++ huic fundamento differentiationem automaticam, compositionem retium neuralium, optimizationem et administrationem datorum adiungit. Operationes propriae in C++ aut CUDA scriptae etiam cum programmatibus Pythonis coniungi possunt.<ref name="cpp" /> == Compositio et exercitatio exemplarium == Retia plerumque ex classibus a <code>torch.nn.Module</code> derivatis componuntur. Modulus strata et statum exemplaris continere potest, dum methodus <code>forward</code> computationem definit. In exercitatione functio iacturae eventus aestimat, differentiatio automatica gradientes computat, et optimizator parametros renovat.<ref name="initium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/quickstart_tutorial.html ''Quickstart''], documenta officialia.</ref> Partes principales diversa munera explent:<ref name="repositorium" /><ref name="initium" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Partes bibliothecae ! Pars !! Munus |- | <code>torch</code> || Tensores et operationes numericae fundamentales. |- | <code>torch.autograd</code> || Differentiatio automatica computationum. |- | <code>torch.nn</code> || Moduli, strata retium neuralium et functiones iacturae. |- | <code>torch.optim</code> || Algorithmi ad parametros exemplarium renovandos. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.Dataset</code> || Interfacies ad exempla datorum praebenda. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.DataLoader</code> || Lectio, permixtio et distributio exemplorum in greges. |} Administratio datorum a definitione retis distinguitur. <code>DataLoader</code> exempla in greges colligere atque plures processus ad ea legenda adhibere potest. Exemplar exercitatum deinde ad nova data tractanda adhibetur; pondera eius servari et postea restitui possunt.<ref name="initium" /> == Compilatio == Interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, cum versione 2.0 introducta, computationes colligit et ad instrumenta compilationis transmittit. In architectura illius editionis TorchDynamo graphos ex programmate Pythonis extrahit, AOTAutograd computationes differentiationis ad compilationem parat, et TorchInductor codicem ad apparatum destinatum generat.<ref name="versio2" /> Compilatio facultas addita est, quam usor adhibere potest, servata exsecutione immediata. Propositum est sumptum computationis minuere et celeritatem augere, ratione programmandi Pythonis retenta. Incrementum celeritatis ex natura exemplaris et apparatu pendet; numeri in probationibus relati ad condiciones earum probationum pertinent.<ref name="versio2" /> == Computatio distributa == PyTorch exercitationem exemplarium inter plures processus distribuere potest. In ratione <code>DistributedDataParallel</code> singuli processus exemplar locale tractant. Gradientes per communicationem collectivam componuntur, ut exemplaria localia, ab eodem statu profecta, renovationes inter se congruentes accipiant.<ref name="distributa">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/ddp.html ''Distributed Data Parallel''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> Synchronizatio gradientium cum parte computationis retrogradae concurrere potest. Hac ratione tempus communicationis partim computatione tegitur. Effectus tamen ab ordine computationum, magnitudine datorum communicandorum et proprietatibus systematis pendet.<ref name="distributa" /> == Bibliothecae coniunctae et usus == TorchVision collectiones datorum, structuras exemplarium et transformationes imaginum ad visionem computatralem praebet. Inter munera documentata sunt classificatio imaginum, deprehensio rerum et segmentatio. Bibliotheca cum PyTorch coniungitur atque instrumenta ad imagines praeparandas et exemplaria iam exercitata adhibenda suppeditat.<ref name="visio">Auctores TorchVision, [https://docs.pytorch.org/vision/stable/index.html ''TorchVision''], documenta officialia.</ref> Usus PyTorch etiam ad tractationem linguae naturalis et programmationem probabilisticam pertinet. Pyro et ProbTorch inter incepta huius posterioris generis iam in relatione primi anni commemorabantur. Bibliotheca ita fundamento communi inservit, supra quod investigatores diversa exemplaria et rationes calculi construunt.<ref name="annus" /> == Repetitio experimentorum == Documenta PyTorch monent eventus numericos non necessario omnino eosdem esse inter diversas versiones, apparatus aut exsecutiones in CPU et GPU. Initia generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum definiri et operationes deterministicae eligi possunt, ut variationes intra ambitum definitum minuantur. Hae rationes interdum computationem tardant; idem initium generatoris per se aequalitatem eventuum in omnibus apparatibus non praestat.<ref name="repetitio">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/randomness.html ''Reproducibility''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> == Administratio et licentia == Die 12 Septembris [[2022]] nuntiatum est PyTorch e societate Meta ad Linux Foundation transferri et PyTorch Foundation constitui. Inter membra fundantia fuerunt AMD, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft Azure et NVIDIA. Fundatio ad communitatem auctorum sustinendam et cooperationem inter societates instituendam destinata est.<ref name="fundatio" /> Codex fontanus apud [[GitHub]] publicatur sub licentia BSD trium clausularum. Licentia usum, modificationem et distributionem codicis permittit condicionibus in textu eius definitis.<ref name="licentia">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/LICENSE ''LICENSE''], repositorium officiale.</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[TensorFlow]] * [[NumPy]] * [[Python (lingua programmationis)]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://pytorch.org/ Situs officialis PyTorch] * [https://docs.pytorch.org/ Documenta officialia] * [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch Repositorium codicis fontani] [[Categoria:Programmatura libera]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] e35221iw4q3pk26dr0bhq56n96icp5i 3987217 3987209 2026-09-10T20:30:10Z Grufo 64423 +{{Pagina autotranslata}} 3987217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{res|PyTorch}} est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] [[Programmatura libera|libera]] ad computationes numericas et [[Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam]], praesertim ad [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia]] profunda, destinata. Calculum [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensorum]] cum differentiatione automatica coniungit atque operationes tam in processoriis centralibus quam in acceleratoribus graphicis efficere potest.<ref name="repositorium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch ''PyTorch: Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration''], repositorium officiale apud GitHub.</ref> Interfacies praecipua linguae [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] accommodata est; praeterea interfacies [[C++]] praebetur. Systema rationem programmandi imperativam sequitur, qua computationes per ordinarias instructiones Pythonis describuntur. Hac ratione structura exemplaris, cursus computationis et investigatio errorum cum instrumentis eiusdem linguae coniungi possunt.<ref name="paszke2019">Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa et al., [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9015-pytorch-an-imperative-style-high-performance.pdf ''PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 32, 2019.</ref><ref name="cpp">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/cppdocs/index.html ''PyTorch C++ API''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Historia == PyTorch intra gregem Facebook AI Research societatis [[Facebook]] excultum est. Publice mense Ianuario [[2017]] emissum est: auctores die 19 Ianuarii 2018 primum publicationis anniversarium celebraverunt.<ref name="annus">The PyTorch Team, [https://pytorch.org/blog/a-year-in/ ''PyTorch, a year in…''], 19 Ianuarii 2018. Auctores eo die annum unum a publicatione publica exactum esse rettulerunt.</ref><ref name="fundatio">The Linux Foundation, [https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/press-release/meta-transitions-pytorch-to-the-linux-foundation ''Meta Transitions PyTorch to the Linux Foundation, Further Accelerating AI/ML Open Source Collaboration''], 12 Septembris 2022.</ref> Iam primo anno investigatores codicem commentationum suarum per PyTorch confectum divulgaverunt. Inter exempla ab auctoribus commemorata erant CycleGAN et pix2pix, ad imagines transformandas, atque instrumenta ad linguam naturalem et exemplaria probabilistica tractanda. Sic circa bibliothecam collectio programmatum investigationi destinatorum constituta est.<ref name="annus" /> Anno [[2019]] Adam Paszke et collegae architecturam systematis in conventu NeurIPS descripserunt. Commentatio rationem imperativam, integrationem cum Pythone, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum exposuit; celeritatem quoque partium systematis atque integrorum exemplarium experimentis comparavit.<ref name="paszke2019" /> Versio 2.0 die 15 Martii [[2023]] publicata est. Inter mutationes praecipuas fuit interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, qua compilatio computationum ad modum usus iam constitutum accessit.<ref name="versio2">PyTorch Foundation, [https://pytorch.org/blog/pytorch-2-0-release/ ''PyTorch 2.0: Our next generation release that is faster, more Pythonic and Dynamic as ever''], 15 Martii 2023.</ref> == Fundamenta computationis == === Tensores === Structura datorum praecipua est <code>torch.Tensor</code>. Haec valores scalares, vectores, matrices et ordines plurium dimensionum repraesentare potest. Eius proprietates numerum axium eorumque longitudines, genus elementorum et apparatum in quo data servantur indicant. Tensores ad data exemplari tradenda, ad eventus computandos et ad parametros retis repraesentandos adhibentur.<ref name="tensores">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/tensorqs_tutorial.html ''Tensors''], documenta officialia.</ref> Bibliotheca operationes arithmeticas, multiplicationem matricum, mutationes formae et alias rationes [[Algebra linearis|algebrae linearis]] praebet. Cum [[NumPy]] communicare potest; certis condicionibus tensores in memoria processorii centralis et ordines NumPy eandem memoriam participant. Computationes etiam ad acceleratores transferri possunt, quamquam ipsa translatio datorum tempus et memoriam consumit.<ref name="tensores" /> === Differentiatio automatica === Pars <code>torch.autograd</code> derivatas operationum conexarum automatice computat. In ratione inversa, dum calculus procedit, nexus inter operationes memorantur; deinde graphus computationis ordine retrogrado percurritur et gradientes regula catenae componuntur. Haec ratio in exercitatione retium neuralium adhibetur, ut computetur quomodo functio iacturae a singulis parametris pendeat.<ref name="autograd">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/autograd.html ''Autograd mechanics''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> In exsecutione immediata, Anglice ''eager execution'', graphus differentiationis singulis iterationibus denuo construitur. Condiciones et iterationes Pythonis igitur computationem secundum data mutare possunt, neque omnes cursus possibiles ante exsecutionem in uno grapho describendi sunt. Proprietas <code>requires_grad</code> et modi ad calculum gradientium regendum determinant quae operationes in hanc rationem recipiantur.<ref name="autograd" /> === Interfacies C++ === ATen fundamentum operationum tensorialium praebet. Interfacies C++ huic fundamento differentiationem automaticam, compositionem retium neuralium, optimizationem et administrationem datorum adiungit. Operationes propriae in C++ aut CUDA scriptae etiam cum programmatibus Pythonis coniungi possunt.<ref name="cpp" /> == Compositio et exercitatio exemplarium == Retia plerumque ex classibus a <code>torch.nn.Module</code> derivatis componuntur. Modulus strata et statum exemplaris continere potest, dum methodus <code>forward</code> computationem definit. In exercitatione functio iacturae eventus aestimat, differentiatio automatica gradientes computat, et optimizator parametros renovat.<ref name="initium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/quickstart_tutorial.html ''Quickstart''], documenta officialia.</ref> Partes principales diversa munera explent:<ref name="repositorium" /><ref name="initium" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Partes bibliothecae ! Pars !! Munus |- | <code>torch</code> || Tensores et operationes numericae fundamentales. |- | <code>torch.autograd</code> || Differentiatio automatica computationum. |- | <code>torch.nn</code> || Moduli, strata retium neuralium et functiones iacturae. |- | <code>torch.optim</code> || Algorithmi ad parametros exemplarium renovandos. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.Dataset</code> || Interfacies ad exempla datorum praebenda. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.DataLoader</code> || Lectio, permixtio et distributio exemplorum in greges. |} Administratio datorum a definitione retis distinguitur. <code>DataLoader</code> exempla in greges colligere atque plures processus ad ea legenda adhibere potest. Exemplar exercitatum deinde ad nova data tractanda adhibetur; pondera eius servari et postea restitui possunt.<ref name="initium" /> == Compilatio == Interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, cum versione 2.0 introducta, computationes colligit et ad instrumenta compilationis transmittit. In architectura illius editionis TorchDynamo graphos ex programmate Pythonis extrahit, AOTAutograd computationes differentiationis ad compilationem parat, et TorchInductor codicem ad apparatum destinatum generat.<ref name="versio2" /> Compilatio facultas addita est, quam usor adhibere potest, servata exsecutione immediata. Propositum est sumptum computationis minuere et celeritatem augere, ratione programmandi Pythonis retenta. Incrementum celeritatis ex natura exemplaris et apparatu pendet; numeri in probationibus relati ad condiciones earum probationum pertinent.<ref name="versio2" /> == Computatio distributa == PyTorch exercitationem exemplarium inter plures processus distribuere potest. In ratione <code>DistributedDataParallel</code> singuli processus exemplar locale tractant. Gradientes per communicationem collectivam componuntur, ut exemplaria localia, ab eodem statu profecta, renovationes inter se congruentes accipiant.<ref name="distributa">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/ddp.html ''Distributed Data Parallel''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> Synchronizatio gradientium cum parte computationis retrogradae concurrere potest. Hac ratione tempus communicationis partim computatione tegitur. Effectus tamen ab ordine computationum, magnitudine datorum communicandorum et proprietatibus systematis pendet.<ref name="distributa" /> == Bibliothecae coniunctae et usus == TorchVision collectiones datorum, structuras exemplarium et transformationes imaginum ad visionem computatralem praebet. Inter munera documentata sunt classificatio imaginum, deprehensio rerum et segmentatio. Bibliotheca cum PyTorch coniungitur atque instrumenta ad imagines praeparandas et exemplaria iam exercitata adhibenda suppeditat.<ref name="visio">Auctores TorchVision, [https://docs.pytorch.org/vision/stable/index.html ''TorchVision''], documenta officialia.</ref> Usus PyTorch etiam ad tractationem linguae naturalis et programmationem probabilisticam pertinet. Pyro et ProbTorch inter incepta huius posterioris generis iam in relatione primi anni commemorabantur. Bibliotheca ita fundamento communi inservit, supra quod investigatores diversa exemplaria et rationes calculi construunt.<ref name="annus" /> == Repetitio experimentorum == Documenta PyTorch monent eventus numericos non necessario omnino eosdem esse inter diversas versiones, apparatus aut exsecutiones in CPU et GPU. Initia generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum definiri et operationes deterministicae eligi possunt, ut variationes intra ambitum definitum minuantur. Hae rationes interdum computationem tardant; idem initium generatoris per se aequalitatem eventuum in omnibus apparatibus non praestat.<ref name="repetitio">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/randomness.html ''Reproducibility''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> == Administratio et licentia == Die 12 Septembris [[2022]] nuntiatum est PyTorch e societate Meta ad Linux Foundation transferri et PyTorch Foundation constitui. Inter membra fundantia fuerunt AMD, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft Azure et NVIDIA. Fundatio ad communitatem auctorum sustinendam et cooperationem inter societates instituendam destinata est.<ref name="fundatio" /> Codex fontanus apud [[GitHub]] publicatur sub licentia BSD trium clausularum. Licentia usum, modificationem et distributionem codicis permittit condicionibus in textu eius definitis.<ref name="licentia">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/LICENSE ''LICENSE''], repositorium officiale.</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[TensorFlow]] * [[NumPy]] * [[Python (lingua programmationis)]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://pytorch.org/ Situs officialis PyTorch] * [https://docs.pytorch.org/ Documenta officialia] * [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch Repositorium codicis fontani] [[Categoria:Programmatura libera]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] 49gcgmlbn4uwnljcoefunq2cvt8vsmm 3987227 3987217 2026-09-10T22:47:53Z IacobusAmor 1163 3987227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}}{{res|PyTorch}} est [[Bibliotheca (informatica)|bibliotheca programmatica]] [[Programmatura libera|libera]] ad computationes numericas et [[Doctrina automatica|doctrinam automaticam]], praesertim ad [[Rete neurale artificiale|retia neuralia]] profunda, destinata. Calculum [[Tensor (mathematica)|tensorum]] cum differentiatione automatica coniungit atque operationes tam in processoriis centralibus quam in acceleratoribus graphicis efficere potest.<ref name="repositorium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch ''PyTorch: Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration''], repositorium officiale apud GitHub.</ref> Interfacies praecipua linguae [[Python (lingua programmationis)|Pythonis]] accommodata est; praeterea interfacies [[C++]] praebetur. Systema rationem programmandi imperativam sequitur, qua computationes per ordinarias instructiones Pythonis describuntur. Hac ratione structura exemplaris, cursus computationis et investigatio errorum cum instrumentis eiusdem linguae coniungi possunt.<ref name="paszke2019">Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa et al., [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/9015-pytorch-an-imperative-style-high-performance.pdf ''PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 32, 2019.</ref><ref name="cpp">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/cppdocs/index.html ''PyTorch C++ API''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Historia == PyTorch intra gregem Facebook AI Research societatis [[Facebook]] excultum est. Publice mense Ianuario [[2017]] emissum est: auctores die 19 Ianuarii 2018 primum publicationis anniversarium celebraverunt.<ref name="annus">The PyTorch Team, [https://pytorch.org/blog/a-year-in/ ''PyTorch, a year in…''], 19 Ianuarii 2018. Auctores eo die annum unum a publicatione publica exactum esse rettulerunt.</ref><ref name="fundatio">The Linux Foundation, [https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/press-release/meta-transitions-pytorch-to-the-linux-foundation ''Meta Transitions PyTorch to the Linux Foundation, Further Accelerating AI/ML Open Source Collaboration''], 12 Septembris 2022.</ref> Iam primo anno investigatores codicem commentationum suarum per PyTorch confectum divulgaverunt. Inter exempla ab auctoribus commemorata erant CycleGAN et pix2pix, ad imagines transformandas, atque instrumenta ad linguam naturalem et exemplaria probabilistica tractanda. Sic circa bibliothecam collectio programmatum investigationi destinatorum constituta est.<ref name="annus" /> Anno [[2019]] [[Adam Paszke]] et collegae architecturam systematis in conventu [[NeurIPS]] descripserunt. Commentatio rationem imperativam, integrationem cum Pythone, differentiationem automaticam et usum acceleratorum exposuit; celeritatem quoque partium systematis atque integrorum exemplarium experimentis comparavit.<ref name="paszke2019" /> Versio 2.0 die 15 Martii [[2023]] publicata est. Inter mutationes praecipuas fuit interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, qua compilatio computationum ad modum usus iam constitutum accessit.<ref name="versio2">PyTorch Foundation, [https://pytorch.org/blog/pytorch-2-0-release/ ''PyTorch 2.0: Our next generation release that is faster, more Pythonic and Dynamic as ever''], 15 Martii 2023.</ref> == Fundamenta computationis == === Tensores === Structura datorum praecipua est <code>torch.Tensor</code>. Haec valores scalares, vectores, matrices et ordines plurium dimensionum repraesentare potest. Eius proprietates numerum axium eorumque longitudines, genus elementorum et apparatum in quo data servantur indicant. Tensores ad data exemplari tradenda, ad eventus computandos et ad parametros retis repraesentandos adhibentur.<ref name="tensores">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/tensorqs_tutorial.html ''Tensors''], documenta officialia.</ref> Bibliotheca operationes arithmeticas, multiplicationem matricum, mutationes formae et alias rationes [[Algebra linearis|algebrae linearis]] praebet. Cum [[NumPy]] communicare potest; certis condicionibus tensores in memoria processorii centralis et ordines NumPy eandem memoriam participant. Computationes etiam ad acceleratores transferri possunt, quamquam ipsa translatio datorum tempus et memoriam consumit.<ref name="tensores" /> === Differentiatio automatica === Pars <code>torch.autograd</code>{{dubsig}} derivatas operationum conexarum automatice computat. In ratione inversa, dum calculus procedit, nexus inter operationes memorantur; deinde graphus computationis ordine retrogrado percurritur et gradientes regula catenae componuntur. Haec ratio in exercitatione retium neuralium adhibetur, ut computetur quomodo functio iacturae a singulis parametris pendeat.<ref name="autograd">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/autograd.html ''Autograd mechanics''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> In exsecutione immediata, certus graphus differentiationis singulis iterationibus denuo construitur. Condiciones et iterationes Pythonis igitur computationem secundum data mutare possunt, neque omnes cursus possibiles ante exsecutionem in uno grapho describendi sunt. Proprietas <code>requires_grad</code> et modi ad calculum gradientium regendum determinant quae operationes in hanc rationem recipiantur.<ref name="autograd" /> === Interfacies C++ === ATen fundamentum operationum tensorialium praebet. Interfacies [[C++]] huic fundamento differentiationem automaticam, compositionem retium neuralium, optimizationem et administrationem datorum adiungit. Operationes propriae in C++ aut CUDA scriptae etiam cum programmatibus Pythonis coniungi possunt.<ref name="cpp" /> == Compositio et exercitatio exemplarium == Retia plerumque ex classibus a <code>torch.nn.Module</code> derivatis componuntur. Modulus strata et statum exemplaris continere potest, dum methodus <code>forward</code> computationem definit. In exercitatione functio iacturae eventus aestimat, differentiatio automatica gradientes computat, et optimizator parametros renovat.<ref name="initium">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/quickstart_tutorial.html ''Quickstart''], documenta officialia.</ref> Partes principales diversa munera explent:<ref name="repositorium" /><ref name="initium" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Partes bibliothecae ! Pars !! Munus |- | <code>torch</code> || Tensores et operationes numericae fundamentales. |- | <code>torch.autograd</code> || Differentiatio automatica computationum. |- | <code>torch.nn</code> || Moduli, strata retium neuralium et functiones iacturae. |- | <code>torch.optim</code> || Algorithmi ad parametros exemplarium renovandos. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.Dataset</code> || Interfacies ad exempla datorum praebenda. |- | <code>torch.utils.data.DataLoader</code> || Lectio, permixtio et distributio exemplorum in greges. |} Administratio datorum a definitione retis distinguitur. <code>DataLoader</code> exempla in greges colligere atque plures processus ad ea legenda adhibere potest. Exemplar exercitatum deinde ad nova data tractanda adhibetur; pondera eius servari et postea restitui possunt.<ref name="initium" /> == Compilatio == Interfacies <code>torch.compile</code>, cum versione 2.0 introducta, computationes colligit et ad instrumenta compilationis transmittit. In architectura illius editionis TorchDynamo graphos ex programmate Pythonis extrahit, AOTAutograd computationes differentiationis ad compilationem parat, et TorchInductor codicem ad apparatum destinatum generat.<ref name="versio2" /> Compilatio facultas addita est, quam usor adhibere potest, servata exsecutione immediata. Propositum est sumptum computationis minuere et celeritatem augere, ratione programmandi Pythonis retenta. Incrementum celeritatis ex natura exemplaris et apparatu pendet; numeri in probationibus relati ad condiciones earum probationum pertinent.<ref name="versio2" /> == Computatio distributa == PyTorch exercitationem exemplarium inter plures processus distribuere potest. In ratione <code>DistributedDataParallel</code> singuli processus exemplar locale tractant. Gradientes per communicationem collectivam componuntur, ut exemplaria localia, ab eodem statu profecta, renovationes inter se congruentes accipiant.<ref name="distributa">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/ddp.html ''Distributed Data Parallel''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> Synchronizatio gradientium cum parte computationis retrogradae concurrere potest. Hac ratione tempus communicationis partim computatione tegitur. Effectus tamen ab ordine computationum, magnitudine datorum communicandorum et proprietatibus systematis pendet.<ref name="distributa" /> == Bibliothecae coniunctae et usus == TorchVision collectiones datorum, structuras exemplarium et transformationes imaginum ad visionem computatralem praebet. Inter munera documentata sunt classificatio imaginum, deprehensio rerum et segmentatio. Bibliotheca cum PyTorch coniungitur atque instrumenta ad imagines praeparandas et exemplaria iam exercitata adhibenda suppeditat.<ref name="visio">Auctores TorchVision, [https://docs.pytorch.org/vision/stable/index.html ''TorchVision''], documenta officialia.</ref> Usus PyTorch etiam ad tractationem linguae naturalis et programmationem probabilisticam pertinet. Pyro et ProbTorch inter incepta huius posterioris generis iam in relatione primi anni commemorabantur. Bibliotheca ita fundamento communi inservit, supra quod investigatores diversa exemplaria et rationes calculi construunt.<ref name="annus" /> == Repetitio experimentorum == Documenta PyTorch monent eventus numericos non necessario omnino eosdem esse inter diversas versiones, apparatus aut exsecutiones in CPU et GPU. Initia generatorum numerorum pseudofortuitorum definiri et operationes deterministicae eligi possunt, ut variationes intra ambitum definitum minuantur. Hae rationes interdum computationem tardant; idem initium generatoris per se aequalitatem eventuum in omnibus apparatibus non praestat.<ref name="repetitio">Auctores PyTorch, [https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/2.9/notes/randomness.html ''Reproducibility''], documenta PyTorch 2.9.</ref> == Administratio et licentia == Die 12 Septembris [[2022]] nuntiatum est PyTorch e societate Meta ad Linux Foundation transferri et PyTorch Foundation constitui. Inter membra fundantia fuerunt AMD, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft Azure et NVIDIA. Fundatio ad communitatem auctorum sustinendam et cooperationem inter societates instituendam destinata est.<ref name="fundatio" /> Codex fontanus apud [[GitHub]] publicatur sub licentia BSD trium clausularum. Licentia usum, modificationem et distributionem codicis permittit condicionibus in textu eius definitis.<ref name="licentia">Auctores PyTorch, [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/LICENSE ''LICENSE''], repositorium officiale.</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[TensorFlow]] * [[NumPy]] * [[Python (lingua programmationis)]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://pytorch.org/ Situs officialis PyTorch] * [https://docs.pytorch.org/ Documenta officialia] * [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch Repositorium codicis fontani] [[Categoria:Programmatura libera]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] gsfnf9opci5b7xa78ccaltiqu6xj74j 0 328426 3987210 2026-09-10T19:26:10Z נתנאל שטרן 175178 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Doctrina automatica''' (Anglice ''machine learning'') est pars [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiae artificialis]] quae rationes investigat quibus [[Computatrum|computatra]] ex datis vel experientia discere possunt. Eius [[Algorithmus|algorithmi]] exemplaria construunt, quibus praedictiones fiunt, observationes in classes disponuntur aut actiones eliguntur. Disciplina cum [[Informatica|informatica]], [[Statistica|statistica]] et Theoria probabilitat...' 3987210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doctrina automatica''' (Anglice ''machine learning'') est pars [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiae artificialis]] quae rationes investigat quibus [[Computatrum|computatra]] ex datis vel experientia discere possunt. Eius [[Algorithmus|algorithmi]] exemplaria construunt, quibus praedictiones fiunt, observationes in classes disponuntur aut actiones eliguntur. Disciplina cum [[Informatica|informatica]], [[Statistica|statistica]] et [[Theoria probabilitatis|theoria probabilitatis]] arte coniungitur.<ref name="mitchell">Tom M. Mitchell, [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], CMU-ML-06-108, Carnegie Mellon University, Iulio 2006.</ref> Inter quaestiones praecipuas est quomodo rationes ex observationibus cognitis deductae ad novas observationes pertineant. Haec facultas ''generalizatio'' appellatur. Aestimatio doctrinae automaticae igitur respicit quomodo exemplar se gerat in datis quae ad illud constituendum adhibita non sunt.<ref name="theoria">Shai Shalev-Shwartz et Shai Ben-David, [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/understanding-machine-learning-theory-algorithms.pdf ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], Cambridge University Press, 2014, praesertim capita 2–5.</ref> == Definitio == Tom M. Mitchell doctrinam machinae tribus rebus describit: munere perficiendo, mensura qua effectus aestimatur, et experientia ex qua systema discit. Machina didicisse dicitur si, experientia accepta, illud munus secundum mensuram definitam fidelius aut efficacius perficit. Haec descriptio definitionem doctrinae ad eventus observabiles et comparabiles refert.<ref name="mitchell" /> Experientia ex exemplis iam collectis, ex observationibus successive acceptis aut ex commercio cum ambitu oriri potest. Quaestiones disciplinae tum ad id quod ex datis cognosci possit, tum ad rationes computationis quibus ea cognitio obtineatur pertinent.<ref name="mitchell" /> == Historia == Medio saeculo XX Arthur Samuel apud [[IBM]] programma ad ludum damarum excogitavit, quod experientia ludendi ad decisiones posteriores emendandas utebatur. Samuel locutionem Anglicam ''machine learning'' ad huiusmodi processum describendum adhibuit. Ludi regulis definitis constituti locum experimentorum praebebant, in quo effectus variarum rationum comparari poterant.<ref name="samuel">IBM, [https://www.ibm.com/history/early-games ''The games that helped AI evolve''], historia officialis.</ref> Anno [[1992]] Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan rationem Q-learning exposuerunt atque condiciones demonstraverunt sub quibus aestimationes actionum ad valores optimos convergerent. Opus ad theoriam discendi ex actionum consequentiis pertinet.<ref name="qlearning">Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan, [https://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/papers/cjch.pdf ''Q-learning''], ''Machine Learning'', 8, 1992, pp. 279–292.</ref> Anno [[2012]] Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton rete neurale convolutionale profundum ad imagines ImageNet classificandas descripserunt. Exemplar, acceleratoribus graphicis exercitatum, in certamine ILSVRC-2012 primum locum obtinuit. Hoc opus exemplum coniunctionis datorum copiosorum, retium profundorum et computationis acceleratae praebuit.<ref name="alexnet">Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton, [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf ''ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 25, 2012.</ref> == Rationes discendi == === Discere ex exemplis signatis === In ratione quae Anglice ''supervised learning'' appellatur, observationibus valores ad praedictionem destinati adiunguntur. Algorithmus nexum inter proprietates observationis et valorem quaesitum aestimat. Si quaeritur cui classi observatio tribuenda sit, munus est ''classificatio''; si valor numericus aestimandus est, ''regressio''. Exemplar exercitatum deinde valores pro novis observationibus computare potest.<ref name="initium">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/getting_started.html ''Getting Started''], documenta officialia.</ref> Observationes plerumque per proprietates, Anglice ''features'', repraesentantur. In tabula datorum ordines singula exempla, columnae singulas proprietates continere possunt. Electio et praeparatio harum proprietatum pars processus quo exemplar constituitur sunt.<ref name="initium" /> === Discere ex datis non signatis === In ratione ''unsupervised learning'' valores quaesiti exemplis non adiunguntur; structurae in ipsis datis investigantur. Una ratio est ''congregatio'', Anglice ''clustering'', qua observationes secundum similitudinem in greges disponuntur. Algorithmus k-means, exempli gratia, greges per centra definit et summam quadratorum distantiarum a centris minuere conatur.<ref name="greges">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html ''Clustering''], documenta officialia.</ref> Greges reperti a repraesentatione datorum, mensura distantiae et condicionibus algorithmicis pendent. Diversae rationes congregationis diversas formas gregum agnoscere possunt; quare eventus cum natura quaestionis interpretandus est.<ref name="greges" /> === Data partim signata et munera ex ipsis datis deducta === Ratio ''semi-supervised learning'' exempla signata cum exemplis non signatis coniungit. Algorithmi huius generis structuram datorum non signatorum ad relationes ex parte signata cognitas extendendas adhibere possunt. Utilitas pendet ab hypothesibus de distributione datorum et nexu inter hanc distributionem atque classes quaesitas.<ref name="semisupervisio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/semi_supervised.html ''Semi-supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> In ratione ''self-supervised learning'' munus exercitationis ex ipsis datis constituitur. Exemplar BERT, exempli gratia, discit elementa textus occultata ex contextu aestimare. Ita repraesentationes linguae ex textibus antea discuntur; exemplar postea ad munera particularia, velut responsa quaestionibus reddenda, accommodari potest.<ref name="bert">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ ''BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding''], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019'', pp. 4171–4186; [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423.pdf textus plenus].</ref> === Discere per praemia === In ratione ''reinforcement learning'' agens actiones eligit, earum consequentias observat et praemia numerica accipit. Propositum est rationem agendi invenire qua summa praemiorum per tempus exspectata augeatur. Effectus actionis ad statum proximum et ad facultates actionum posteriorum pertinere potest.<ref name="qlearning" /> Q-learning valores parium quae ex statu et actione constant successive aestimat. Huiusmodi doctrina ad decisiones per seriem temporis faciendas accommodatur; praemium immediatum cum utilitate futura aestimata coniungitur.<ref name="qlearning" /> == Fundamenta mathematica == In doctrina ex exemplis signatis data exercitationis saepe ut paria <math>(x_i,y_i)</math> describuntur. Hic <math>x_i</math> observationem repraesentat, <math>y_i</math> valorem quaesitum. Ex classe hypothesium <math>\mathcal H</math> eligitur functio quae valores praedicat. Una ratio communis est minimizatio periculi empirici:<ref name="theoria" /> :<math>\hat f\in\operatorname*{arg\,min}_{f\in\mathcal H}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\ell\bigl(f(x_i),y_i\bigr).</math> Functio <math>\ell</math> iacturam, id est discrepantiam praedictionis a valore quaesito, exprimit. Quo minor summa in datis exercitationis est, eo melius exemplar illis datis accommodatur. Facultas ad novas observationes generalizandi etiam a classe hypothesium et a ratione qua data generata sunt pendet.<ref name="theoria" /> Ad optimizationem adhiberi potest descensus gradientis stochasticus, quo parametri ex singulis exemplis vel parvis gregibus exemplorum successive renovantur. ''Regularizatio'' condiciones vel poenas adiungit quibus amplitudo aut complexitas solutionis temperetur. Algorithmus optimizationis et familia exemplarium distincta munera habent: eadem ratio optimizationis pluribus familiis inservire potest.<ref name="optimizatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/sgd.html ''Stochastic Gradient Descent''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Familiae methodorum == Doctrina automatica varias familias exemplarium complectitur, inter quas sunt exemplaria linearia, arbores decisionis, rationes vicinorum proximorum et retia neuralia.<ref name="methodi">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/supervised_learning.html ''Supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Exempla methodorum et munerum ! Familia vel ratio !! Exempla !! Munera usitata |- | Exemplaria linearia || Regressio linearis, regressio logistica || Aestimatio valorum numericorum et classificatio.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | Arbores et exemplaria coniuncta || Arbores decisionis, ''random forests'', ''gradient boosting'' || Regressio et classificatio; plura exemplaria in praedictionem communem coniungi possunt.<ref name="coniuncta">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ensemble.html ''Ensembles: Gradient boosting, random forests, bagging, voting, stacking''], documenta officialia.</ref> |- | Vicini proximi || k-nearest neighbors || Classificatio et regressio secundum observationes vicinas.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | [[Rete neurale artificiale|Retia neuralia]] || Retia convolutionalia, exemplaria Transformer || Tractatio imaginum et linguae naturalis.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /> |- | Congregatio || k-means, DBSCAN || Investigatio gregum in datis non signatis.<ref name="greges" /> |} == Exercitatio et aestimatio == === Partitio datorum === In aestimatione ordinaria data exercitationis ad exemplar aptandum adhibentur. Data validationis ad exemplaria vel configurationes comparandas pertinent, dum data probationis finalis ad aestimationem post electiones factas reservantur. Parametri exemplaris ex exercitatione discuntur; ''hyperparametri'', velut profunditas arboris, rationem constructionis aut exercitationis regunt.<ref name="validatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html ''Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance''], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="initium" /> In validatione cruciata data in plures partes dividuntur. Exemplar iterum exercetur partibus diversis ad validationem reservatis, et mensurae comparantur vel aggregantur. Ubi observationes tempore ordinatae sunt aut ad easdem personas vel experimenta pertinent, partitio hos nexus respicere debet, ut aestimatio usui futuro respondeat.<ref name="validatio" /> === Mensurae effectus === Mensura ex munere pendet. In classificatione adhibentur proportio responsorum recte classificatorum (''accuracy''), proportio verorum inter casus positivos praedictos (''precision'') et proportio casuum positivorum vere exsistentium qui reperti sunt (''recall''). Mensura F1 medium harmonicum duarum posteriorum exprimit.<ref name="mensurae">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html ''Metrics and scoring: quantifying the quality of predictions''], documenta officialia.</ref> Ubi classes numero valde differunt, proportio responsorum rectorum sola defectus classis rarioris celare potest. Mensurae per classes et ''balanced accuracy'' alias rationes aestimationis praebent. In regressione inter mensuras sunt media errorum absolutorum et media quadratorum errorum.<ref name="mensurae" /> === Nimia accommodatio et transmissio informationis === ''Nimia accommodatio'', Anglice ''overfitting'', fit cum exemplar proprietatibus particularibus datorum exercitationis ita accommodatur ut effectus eius in novis datis deterior sit. Minimizatio erroris exercitationis sola generalizationem prosperam non praestat.<ref name="theoria" /> Alia difficultas est ''data leakage'': informatio quae tempore praedictionis praesto non esset in constructionem exemplaris intrat. Id accidere potest si data probationis ad proprietates eligendas aut transformationes datorum aestimandas adhibentur. Aestimationes tum nimis favorabiles fiunt. Transformationes ex parte exercitationis discendae sunt et deinde ad partes reservatas applicandae.<ref name="transmissio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/common_pitfalls.html ''Common pitfalls and recommended practices''], documenta officialia, sectio ''Data leakage''.</ref> == Usus et condiciones applicationis == Inter usus documentatos sunt classificatio imaginum, tractatio linguae naturalis et electio actionum in ludis vel aliis ambitibus definitis. Retia convolutionalia imagines tractare possunt; exemplaria linguae ad quaestiones et textuum interpretationem accommodantur; rationes discendi per praemia decisiones successivas regunt.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /><ref name="qlearning" /> Qualitas datorum et congruentia eorum cum ambitu applicationis effectum exemplaris afficiunt. Exemplaria in usu deteriora esse possunt si data exercitationis condiciones futuras parum repraesentant. Praeiudicia socialia in datis contenta etiam in eventus computationis transferri vel amplificari possunt.<ref name="data">Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione et al., [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010 ''Datasheets for Datasets''], ''Communications of the ACM'', Decembri 2021; [https://arxiv.org/html/1803.09010v8 textus plenus].</ref> Ad originem et fines datorum explicandos propositae sunt tabulae descriptivae quae causam collectionis, compositionem, modos colligendi, usus destinatos et conservationem documentant. Huiusmodi documentatio investigatores et usores adiuvat ad iudicandum quibus condicionibus data et exemplaria adhiberi possint.<ref name="data" /> == Vide etiam == * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Statistica]] * [[Theoria probabilitatis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[PyTorch]] * [[TensorFlow]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], commentatio Tom M. Mitchell * [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/ ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], situs auctorum * [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/user_guide.html Documenta scikit-learn] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] [[Categoria:Informatica]] [[Categoria:Statistica]] cd3uhlgadttvxmnma8kgk2tpqwwpsgo 3987213 3987210 2026-09-10T20:23:20Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Doctrina automatica]] ad [[Institutio machinarum]]: Latinitas 3987210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doctrina automatica''' (Anglice ''machine learning'') est pars [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiae artificialis]] quae rationes investigat quibus [[Computatrum|computatra]] ex datis vel experientia discere possunt. Eius [[Algorithmus|algorithmi]] exemplaria construunt, quibus praedictiones fiunt, observationes in classes disponuntur aut actiones eliguntur. Disciplina cum [[Informatica|informatica]], [[Statistica|statistica]] et [[Theoria probabilitatis|theoria probabilitatis]] arte coniungitur.<ref name="mitchell">Tom M. Mitchell, [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], CMU-ML-06-108, Carnegie Mellon University, Iulio 2006.</ref> Inter quaestiones praecipuas est quomodo rationes ex observationibus cognitis deductae ad novas observationes pertineant. Haec facultas ''generalizatio'' appellatur. Aestimatio doctrinae automaticae igitur respicit quomodo exemplar se gerat in datis quae ad illud constituendum adhibita non sunt.<ref name="theoria">Shai Shalev-Shwartz et Shai Ben-David, [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/understanding-machine-learning-theory-algorithms.pdf ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], Cambridge University Press, 2014, praesertim capita 2–5.</ref> == Definitio == Tom M. Mitchell doctrinam machinae tribus rebus describit: munere perficiendo, mensura qua effectus aestimatur, et experientia ex qua systema discit. Machina didicisse dicitur si, experientia accepta, illud munus secundum mensuram definitam fidelius aut efficacius perficit. Haec descriptio definitionem doctrinae ad eventus observabiles et comparabiles refert.<ref name="mitchell" /> Experientia ex exemplis iam collectis, ex observationibus successive acceptis aut ex commercio cum ambitu oriri potest. Quaestiones disciplinae tum ad id quod ex datis cognosci possit, tum ad rationes computationis quibus ea cognitio obtineatur pertinent.<ref name="mitchell" /> == Historia == Medio saeculo XX Arthur Samuel apud [[IBM]] programma ad ludum damarum excogitavit, quod experientia ludendi ad decisiones posteriores emendandas utebatur. Samuel locutionem Anglicam ''machine learning'' ad huiusmodi processum describendum adhibuit. Ludi regulis definitis constituti locum experimentorum praebebant, in quo effectus variarum rationum comparari poterant.<ref name="samuel">IBM, [https://www.ibm.com/history/early-games ''The games that helped AI evolve''], historia officialis.</ref> Anno [[1992]] Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan rationem Q-learning exposuerunt atque condiciones demonstraverunt sub quibus aestimationes actionum ad valores optimos convergerent. Opus ad theoriam discendi ex actionum consequentiis pertinet.<ref name="qlearning">Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan, [https://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/papers/cjch.pdf ''Q-learning''], ''Machine Learning'', 8, 1992, pp. 279–292.</ref> Anno [[2012]] Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton rete neurale convolutionale profundum ad imagines ImageNet classificandas descripserunt. Exemplar, acceleratoribus graphicis exercitatum, in certamine ILSVRC-2012 primum locum obtinuit. Hoc opus exemplum coniunctionis datorum copiosorum, retium profundorum et computationis acceleratae praebuit.<ref name="alexnet">Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton, [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf ''ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 25, 2012.</ref> == Rationes discendi == === Discere ex exemplis signatis === In ratione quae Anglice ''supervised learning'' appellatur, observationibus valores ad praedictionem destinati adiunguntur. Algorithmus nexum inter proprietates observationis et valorem quaesitum aestimat. Si quaeritur cui classi observatio tribuenda sit, munus est ''classificatio''; si valor numericus aestimandus est, ''regressio''. Exemplar exercitatum deinde valores pro novis observationibus computare potest.<ref name="initium">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/getting_started.html ''Getting Started''], documenta officialia.</ref> Observationes plerumque per proprietates, Anglice ''features'', repraesentantur. In tabula datorum ordines singula exempla, columnae singulas proprietates continere possunt. Electio et praeparatio harum proprietatum pars processus quo exemplar constituitur sunt.<ref name="initium" /> === Discere ex datis non signatis === In ratione ''unsupervised learning'' valores quaesiti exemplis non adiunguntur; structurae in ipsis datis investigantur. Una ratio est ''congregatio'', Anglice ''clustering'', qua observationes secundum similitudinem in greges disponuntur. Algorithmus k-means, exempli gratia, greges per centra definit et summam quadratorum distantiarum a centris minuere conatur.<ref name="greges">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html ''Clustering''], documenta officialia.</ref> Greges reperti a repraesentatione datorum, mensura distantiae et condicionibus algorithmicis pendent. Diversae rationes congregationis diversas formas gregum agnoscere possunt; quare eventus cum natura quaestionis interpretandus est.<ref name="greges" /> === Data partim signata et munera ex ipsis datis deducta === Ratio ''semi-supervised learning'' exempla signata cum exemplis non signatis coniungit. Algorithmi huius generis structuram datorum non signatorum ad relationes ex parte signata cognitas extendendas adhibere possunt. Utilitas pendet ab hypothesibus de distributione datorum et nexu inter hanc distributionem atque classes quaesitas.<ref name="semisupervisio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/semi_supervised.html ''Semi-supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> In ratione ''self-supervised learning'' munus exercitationis ex ipsis datis constituitur. Exemplar BERT, exempli gratia, discit elementa textus occultata ex contextu aestimare. Ita repraesentationes linguae ex textibus antea discuntur; exemplar postea ad munera particularia, velut responsa quaestionibus reddenda, accommodari potest.<ref name="bert">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ ''BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding''], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019'', pp. 4171–4186; [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423.pdf textus plenus].</ref> === Discere per praemia === In ratione ''reinforcement learning'' agens actiones eligit, earum consequentias observat et praemia numerica accipit. Propositum est rationem agendi invenire qua summa praemiorum per tempus exspectata augeatur. Effectus actionis ad statum proximum et ad facultates actionum posteriorum pertinere potest.<ref name="qlearning" /> Q-learning valores parium quae ex statu et actione constant successive aestimat. Huiusmodi doctrina ad decisiones per seriem temporis faciendas accommodatur; praemium immediatum cum utilitate futura aestimata coniungitur.<ref name="qlearning" /> == Fundamenta mathematica == In doctrina ex exemplis signatis data exercitationis saepe ut paria <math>(x_i,y_i)</math> describuntur. Hic <math>x_i</math> observationem repraesentat, <math>y_i</math> valorem quaesitum. Ex classe hypothesium <math>\mathcal H</math> eligitur functio quae valores praedicat. Una ratio communis est minimizatio periculi empirici:<ref name="theoria" /> :<math>\hat f\in\operatorname*{arg\,min}_{f\in\mathcal H}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\ell\bigl(f(x_i),y_i\bigr).</math> Functio <math>\ell</math> iacturam, id est discrepantiam praedictionis a valore quaesito, exprimit. Quo minor summa in datis exercitationis est, eo melius exemplar illis datis accommodatur. Facultas ad novas observationes generalizandi etiam a classe hypothesium et a ratione qua data generata sunt pendet.<ref name="theoria" /> Ad optimizationem adhiberi potest descensus gradientis stochasticus, quo parametri ex singulis exemplis vel parvis gregibus exemplorum successive renovantur. ''Regularizatio'' condiciones vel poenas adiungit quibus amplitudo aut complexitas solutionis temperetur. Algorithmus optimizationis et familia exemplarium distincta munera habent: eadem ratio optimizationis pluribus familiis inservire potest.<ref name="optimizatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/sgd.html ''Stochastic Gradient Descent''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Familiae methodorum == Doctrina automatica varias familias exemplarium complectitur, inter quas sunt exemplaria linearia, arbores decisionis, rationes vicinorum proximorum et retia neuralia.<ref name="methodi">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/supervised_learning.html ''Supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Exempla methodorum et munerum ! Familia vel ratio !! Exempla !! Munera usitata |- | Exemplaria linearia || Regressio linearis, regressio logistica || Aestimatio valorum numericorum et classificatio.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | Arbores et exemplaria coniuncta || Arbores decisionis, ''random forests'', ''gradient boosting'' || Regressio et classificatio; plura exemplaria in praedictionem communem coniungi possunt.<ref name="coniuncta">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ensemble.html ''Ensembles: Gradient boosting, random forests, bagging, voting, stacking''], documenta officialia.</ref> |- | Vicini proximi || k-nearest neighbors || Classificatio et regressio secundum observationes vicinas.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | [[Rete neurale artificiale|Retia neuralia]] || Retia convolutionalia, exemplaria Transformer || Tractatio imaginum et linguae naturalis.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /> |- | Congregatio || k-means, DBSCAN || Investigatio gregum in datis non signatis.<ref name="greges" /> |} == Exercitatio et aestimatio == === Partitio datorum === In aestimatione ordinaria data exercitationis ad exemplar aptandum adhibentur. Data validationis ad exemplaria vel configurationes comparandas pertinent, dum data probationis finalis ad aestimationem post electiones factas reservantur. Parametri exemplaris ex exercitatione discuntur; ''hyperparametri'', velut profunditas arboris, rationem constructionis aut exercitationis regunt.<ref name="validatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html ''Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance''], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="initium" /> In validatione cruciata data in plures partes dividuntur. Exemplar iterum exercetur partibus diversis ad validationem reservatis, et mensurae comparantur vel aggregantur. Ubi observationes tempore ordinatae sunt aut ad easdem personas vel experimenta pertinent, partitio hos nexus respicere debet, ut aestimatio usui futuro respondeat.<ref name="validatio" /> === Mensurae effectus === Mensura ex munere pendet. In classificatione adhibentur proportio responsorum recte classificatorum (''accuracy''), proportio verorum inter casus positivos praedictos (''precision'') et proportio casuum positivorum vere exsistentium qui reperti sunt (''recall''). Mensura F1 medium harmonicum duarum posteriorum exprimit.<ref name="mensurae">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html ''Metrics and scoring: quantifying the quality of predictions''], documenta officialia.</ref> Ubi classes numero valde differunt, proportio responsorum rectorum sola defectus classis rarioris celare potest. Mensurae per classes et ''balanced accuracy'' alias rationes aestimationis praebent. In regressione inter mensuras sunt media errorum absolutorum et media quadratorum errorum.<ref name="mensurae" /> === Nimia accommodatio et transmissio informationis === ''Nimia accommodatio'', Anglice ''overfitting'', fit cum exemplar proprietatibus particularibus datorum exercitationis ita accommodatur ut effectus eius in novis datis deterior sit. Minimizatio erroris exercitationis sola generalizationem prosperam non praestat.<ref name="theoria" /> Alia difficultas est ''data leakage'': informatio quae tempore praedictionis praesto non esset in constructionem exemplaris intrat. Id accidere potest si data probationis ad proprietates eligendas aut transformationes datorum aestimandas adhibentur. Aestimationes tum nimis favorabiles fiunt. Transformationes ex parte exercitationis discendae sunt et deinde ad partes reservatas applicandae.<ref name="transmissio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/common_pitfalls.html ''Common pitfalls and recommended practices''], documenta officialia, sectio ''Data leakage''.</ref> == Usus et condiciones applicationis == Inter usus documentatos sunt classificatio imaginum, tractatio linguae naturalis et electio actionum in ludis vel aliis ambitibus definitis. Retia convolutionalia imagines tractare possunt; exemplaria linguae ad quaestiones et textuum interpretationem accommodantur; rationes discendi per praemia decisiones successivas regunt.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /><ref name="qlearning" /> Qualitas datorum et congruentia eorum cum ambitu applicationis effectum exemplaris afficiunt. Exemplaria in usu deteriora esse possunt si data exercitationis condiciones futuras parum repraesentant. Praeiudicia socialia in datis contenta etiam in eventus computationis transferri vel amplificari possunt.<ref name="data">Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione et al., [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010 ''Datasheets for Datasets''], ''Communications of the ACM'', Decembri 2021; [https://arxiv.org/html/1803.09010v8 textus plenus].</ref> Ad originem et fines datorum explicandos propositae sunt tabulae descriptivae quae causam collectionis, compositionem, modos colligendi, usus destinatos et conservationem documentant. Huiusmodi documentatio investigatores et usores adiuvat ad iudicandum quibus condicionibus data et exemplaria adhiberi possint.<ref name="data" /> == Vide etiam == * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Statistica]] * [[Theoria probabilitatis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[PyTorch]] * [[TensorFlow]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], commentatio Tom M. Mitchell * [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/ ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], situs auctorum * [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/user_guide.html Documenta scikit-learn] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] [[Categoria:Informatica]] [[Categoria:Statistica]] cd3uhlgadttvxmnma8kgk2tpqwwpsgo 3987215 3987213 2026-09-10T20:25:44Z Grufo 64423 Paginam redintegravi; +{{Pagina autotranslata}}; +{{Latinitas|-5}} 3987215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Latinitas|-5}} {{res|Institutio machinarum}}{{FD ref}} (Anglice ''machine learning'') est pars [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiae artificialis]] quae rationes investigat quibus [[Computatrum|computatra]] ex datis vel experientia discere possunt. Eius [[Algorithmus|algorithmi]] exemplaria construunt, quibus praedictiones fiunt, observationes in classes disponuntur aut actiones eliguntur. Disciplina cum [[Informatica|informatica]], [[Statistica|statistica]] et [[Theoria probabilitatis|theoria probabilitatis]] arte coniungitur.<ref name="mitchell">Tom M. Mitchell, [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], CMU-ML-06-108, Carnegie Mellon University, Iulio 2006.</ref> Inter quaestiones praecipuas est quomodo rationes ex observationibus cognitis deductae ad novas observationes pertineant. Haec facultas ''generalizatio'' appellatur. Aestimatio institutionis machinarum igitur respicit quomodo exemplar se gerat in datis quae ad illud constituendum adhibita non sunt.<ref name="theoria">Shai Shalev-Shwartz et Shai Ben-David, [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/understanding-machine-learning-theory-algorithms.pdf ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], Cambridge University Press, 2014, praesertim capita 2–5.</ref> == Definitio == Tom M. Mitchell institutionem machinarum tribus rebus describit: munere perficiendo, mensura qua effectus aestimatur, et experientia ex qua systema discit. Machina didicisse dicitur si, experientia accepta, illud munus secundum mensuram definitam fidelius aut efficacius perficit. Haec descriptio definitionem institutionis machinarum ad eventus observabiles et comparabiles refert.<ref name="mitchell" /> Experientia ex exemplis iam collectis, ex observationibus successive acceptis aut ex commercio cum ambitu oriri potest. Quaestiones disciplinae tum ad id quod ex datis cognosci possit, tum ad rationes computationis quibus ea cognitio obtineatur pertinent.<ref name="mitchell" /> == Historia == Medio saeculo XX Arthur Samuel apud [[IBM]] programma ad ludum damarum excogitavit, quod experientia ludendi ad decisiones posteriores emendandas utebatur. Samuel locutionem Anglicam ''machine learning'' ad huiusmodi processum describendum adhibuit. Ludi regulis definitis constituti locum experimentorum praebebant, in quo effectus variarum rationum comparari poterant.<ref name="samuel">IBM, [https://www.ibm.com/history/early-games ''The games that helped AI evolve''], historia officialis.</ref> Anno [[1992]] Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan rationem Q-learning exposuerunt atque condiciones demonstraverunt sub quibus aestimationes actionum ad valores optimos convergerent. Opus ad theoriam discendi ex actionum consequentiis pertinet.<ref name="qlearning">Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan, [https://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/papers/cjch.pdf ''Q-learning''], ''Machine Learning'', 8, 1992, pp. 279–292.</ref> Anno [[2012]] Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton rete neurale convolutionale profundum ad imagines ImageNet classificandas descripserunt. Exemplar, acceleratoribus graphicis exercitatum, in certamine ILSVRC-2012 primum locum obtinuit. Hoc opus exemplum coniunctionis datorum copiosorum, retium profundorum et computationis acceleratae praebuit.<ref name="alexnet">Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton, [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf ''ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 25, 2012.</ref> == Rationes discendi == === Discere ex exemplis signatis === In ratione quae Anglice ''supervised learning'' appellatur, observationibus valores ad praedictionem destinati adiunguntur. Algorithmus nexum inter proprietates observationis et valorem quaesitum aestimat. Si quaeritur cui classi observatio tribuenda sit, munus est ''classificatio''; si valor numericus aestimandus est, ''regressio''. Exemplar exercitatum deinde valores pro novis observationibus computare potest.<ref name="initium">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/getting_started.html ''Getting Started''], documenta officialia.</ref> Observationes plerumque per proprietates, Anglice ''features'', repraesentantur. In tabula datorum ordines singula exempla, columnae singulas proprietates continere possunt. Electio et praeparatio harum proprietatum pars processus quo exemplar constituitur sunt.<ref name="initium" /> === Discere ex datis non signatis === In ratione ''unsupervised learning'' valores quaesiti exemplis non adiunguntur; structurae in ipsis datis investigantur. Una ratio est ''congregatio'', Anglice ''clustering'', qua observationes secundum similitudinem in greges disponuntur. Algorithmus k-means, exempli gratia, greges per centra definit et summam quadratorum distantiarum a centris minuere conatur.<ref name="greges">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html ''Clustering''], documenta officialia.</ref> Greges reperti a repraesentatione datorum, mensura distantiae et condicionibus algorithmicis pendent. Diversae rationes congregationis diversas formas gregum agnoscere possunt; quare eventus cum natura quaestionis interpretandus est.<ref name="greges" /> === Data partim signata et munera ex ipsis datis deducta === Ratio ''semi-supervised learning'' exempla signata cum exemplis non signatis coniungit. Algorithmi huius generis structuram datorum non signatorum ad relationes ex parte signata cognitas extendendas adhibere possunt. Utilitas pendet ab hypothesibus de distributione datorum et nexu inter hanc distributionem atque classes quaesitas.<ref name="semisupervisio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/semi_supervised.html ''Semi-supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> In ratione ''self-supervised learning'' munus exercitationis ex ipsis datis constituitur. Exemplar BERT, exempli gratia, discit elementa textus occultata ex contextu aestimare. Ita repraesentationes linguae ex textibus antea discuntur; exemplar postea ad munera particularia, velut responsa quaestionibus reddenda, accommodari potest.<ref name="bert">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ ''BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding''], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019'', pp. 4171–4186; [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423.pdf textus plenus].</ref> === Discere per praemia === In ratione ''reinforcement learning'' agens actiones eligit, earum consequentias observat et praemia numerica accipit. Propositum est rationem agendi invenire qua summa praemiorum per tempus exspectata augeatur. Effectus actionis ad statum proximum et ad facultates actionum posteriorum pertinere potest.<ref name="qlearning" /> Q-learning valores parium quae ex statu et actione constant successive aestimat. Huiusmodi institutio machinarum ad decisiones per seriem temporis faciendas accommodatur; praemium immediatum cum utilitate futura aestimata coniungitur.<ref name="qlearning" /> == Fundamenta mathematica == In institutione machinarum ex exemplis signatis data exercitationis saepe ut paria <math>(x_i,y_i)</math> describuntur. Hic <math>x_i</math> observationem repraesentat, <math>y_i</math> valorem quaesitum. Ex classe hypothesium <math>\mathcal H</math> eligitur functio quae valores praedicat. Una ratio communis est minimizatio periculi empirici:<ref name="theoria" /> :<math>\hat f\in\operatorname*{arg\,min}_{f\in\mathcal H}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\ell\bigl(f(x_i),y_i\bigr).</math> Functio <math>\ell</math> iacturam, id est discrepantiam praedictionis a valore quaesito, exprimit. Quo minor summa in datis exercitationis est, eo melius exemplar illis datis accommodatur. Facultas ad novas observationes generalizandi etiam a classe hypothesium et a ratione qua data generata sunt pendet.<ref name="theoria" /> Ad optimizationem adhiberi potest descensus gradientis stochasticus, quo parametri ex singulis exemplis vel parvis gregibus exemplorum successive renovantur. ''Regularizatio'' condiciones vel poenas adiungit quibus amplitudo aut complexitas solutionis temperetur. Algorithmus optimizationis et familia exemplarium distincta munera habent: eadem ratio optimizationis pluribus familiis inservire potest.<ref name="optimizatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/sgd.html ''Stochastic Gradient Descent''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Familiae methodorum == Institutio machinarum varias familias exemplarium complectitur, inter quas sunt exemplaria linearia, arbores decisionis, rationes vicinorum proximorum et retia neuralia.<ref name="methodi">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/supervised_learning.html ''Supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Exempla methodorum et munerum ! Familia vel ratio !! Exempla !! Munera usitata |- | Exemplaria linearia || Regressio linearis, regressio logistica || Aestimatio valorum numericorum et classificatio.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | Arbores et exemplaria coniuncta || Arbores decisionis, ''random forests'', ''gradient boosting'' || Regressio et classificatio; plura exemplaria in praedictionem communem coniungi possunt.<ref name="coniuncta">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ensemble.html ''Ensembles: Gradient boosting, random forests, bagging, voting, stacking''], documenta officialia.</ref> |- | Vicini proximi || k-nearest neighbors || Classificatio et regressio secundum observationes vicinas.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | [[Rete neurale artificiale|Retia neuralia]] || Retia convolutionalia, exemplaria Transformer || Tractatio imaginum et linguae naturalis.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /> |- | Congregatio || k-means, DBSCAN || Investigatio gregum in datis non signatis.<ref name="greges" /> |} == Exercitatio et aestimatio == === Partitio datorum === In aestimatione ordinaria data exercitationis ad exemplar aptandum adhibentur. Data validationis ad exemplaria vel configurationes comparandas pertinent, dum data probationis finalis ad aestimationem post electiones factas reservantur. Parametri exemplaris ex exercitatione discuntur; ''hyperparametri'', velut profunditas arboris, rationem constructionis aut exercitationis regunt.<ref name="validatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html ''Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance''], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="initium" /> In validatione cruciata data in plures partes dividuntur. Exemplar iterum exercetur partibus diversis ad validationem reservatis, et mensurae comparantur vel aggregantur. Ubi observationes tempore ordinatae sunt aut ad easdem personas vel experimenta pertinent, partitio hos nexus respicere debet, ut aestimatio usui futuro respondeat.<ref name="validatio" /> === Mensurae effectus === Mensura ex munere pendet. In classificatione adhibentur proportio responsorum recte classificatorum (''accuracy''), proportio verorum inter casus positivos praedictos (''precision'') et proportio casuum positivorum vere exsistentium qui reperti sunt (''recall''). Mensura F1 medium harmonicum duarum posteriorum exprimit.<ref name="mensurae">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html ''Metrics and scoring: quantifying the quality of predictions''], documenta officialia.</ref> Ubi classes numero valde differunt, proportio responsorum rectorum sola defectus classis rarioris celare potest. Mensurae per classes et ''balanced accuracy'' alias rationes aestimationis praebent. In regressione inter mensuras sunt media errorum absolutorum et media quadratorum errorum.<ref name="mensurae" /> === Nimia accommodatio et transmissio informationis === ''Nimia accommodatio'', Anglice ''overfitting'', fit cum exemplar proprietatibus particularibus datorum exercitationis ita accommodatur ut effectus eius in novis datis deterior sit. Minimizatio erroris exercitationis sola generalizationem prosperam non praestat.<ref name="theoria" /> Alia difficultas est ''data leakage'': informatio quae tempore praedictionis praesto non esset in constructionem exemplaris intrat. Id accidere potest si data probationis ad proprietates eligendas aut transformationes datorum aestimandas adhibentur. Aestimationes tum nimis favorabiles fiunt. Transformationes ex parte exercitationis discendae sunt et deinde ad partes reservatas applicandae.<ref name="transmissio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/common_pitfalls.html ''Common pitfalls and recommended practices''], documenta officialia, sectio ''Data leakage''.</ref> == Usus et condiciones applicationis == Inter usus documentatos sunt classificatio imaginum, tractatio linguae naturalis et electio actionum in ludis vel aliis ambitibus definitis. Retia convolutionalia imagines tractare possunt; exemplaria linguae ad quaestiones et textuum interpretationem accommodantur; rationes discendi per praemia decisiones successivas regunt.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /><ref name="qlearning" /> Qualitas datorum et congruentia eorum cum ambitu applicationis effectum exemplaris afficiunt. Exemplaria in usu deteriora esse possunt si data exercitationis condiciones futuras parum repraesentant. Praeiudicia socialia in datis contenta etiam in eventus computationis transferri vel amplificari possunt.<ref name="data">Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione et al., [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010 ''Datasheets for Datasets''], ''Communications of the ACM'', Decembri 2021; [https://arxiv.org/html/1803.09010v8 textus plenus].</ref> Ad originem et fines datorum explicandos propositae sunt tabulae descriptivae quae causam collectionis, compositionem, modos colligendi, usus destinatos et conservationem documentant. Huiusmodi documentatio investigatores et usores adiuvat ad iudicandum quibus condicionibus data et exemplaria adhiberi possint.<ref name="data" /> {{NexInt}} * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Statistica]] * [[Theoria probabilitatis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[PyTorch]] * [[TensorFlow]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], commentatio Tom M. Mitchell * [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/ ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], situs auctorum * [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/user_guide.html Documenta scikit-learn] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] [[Categoria:Informatica]] [[Categoria:Statistica]] 2xqbgomszpsaeins3tbedxengnj3zxv 3987224 3987215 2026-09-10T22:44:35Z IacobusAmor 1163 3987224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata}} {{Vicificanda}} {{Latinitas|-5}} {{res|Institutio machinarum}}{{FD ref}} est pars [[Intellegentia artificialis|intellegentiae artificialis]] quae rationes investigat quibus [[Computatrum|computatra]] ex datis vel experientia discere possunt. Eius [[Algorithmus|algorithmi]] exemplaria construunt, quibus praedictiones fiunt, observationes in classes disponuntur aut actiones eliguntur. Disciplina cum [[Informatica|informatica]], [[Statistica|statistica]] et [[Theoria probabilitatis|theoria probabilitatis]] arte coniungitur.<ref name="mitchell">Tom M. Mitchell, [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], CMU-ML-06-108, Carnegie Mellon University, Iulio 2006.</ref> Inter quaestiones praecipuas est quomodo rationes ex observationibus cognitis deductae ad novas observationes pertineant. Haec facultas ''generalizatio'' appellatur. Aestimatio institutionis machinarum igitur respicit quomodo exemplar se gerat in datis quae ad illud constituendum adhibita non sunt.<ref name="theoria">Shai Shalev-Shwartz et Shai Ben-David, [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/understanding-machine-learning-theory-algorithms.pdf ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], Cambridge University Press, 2014, praesertim capita 2–5.</ref> == Definitio == Tom M. Mitchell institutionem machinarum tribus rebus describit: munere perficiendo, mensura qua effectus aestimatur, et experientia ex qua systema discit. Machina didicisse dicitur si, experientia accepta, illud munus secundum mensuram definitam fidelius aut efficacius perficit. Haec descriptio definitionem institutionis machinarum ad eventus observabiles et comparabiles refert.<ref name="mitchell" /> Experientia ex exemplis iam collectis, ex observationibus successive acceptis aut ex commercio cum ambitu oriri potest. Quaestiones disciplinae tum ad id quod ex datis cognosci possit, tum ad rationes computationis quibus ea cognitio obtineatur pertinent.<ref name="mitchell" /> == Historia == Medio saeculo XX [[Arthur Samuel]] apud [[IBM]] programma ad ludum damarum excogitavit, quod experientia ludendi ad decisiones posteriores emendandas utebatur. Samuel locutionem Anglicam ''machine learning'' ad huiusmodi processum describendum adhibuit. Ludi regulis definitis constituti locum experimentorum praebebant, in quo effectus variarum rationum comparari poterant.<ref name="samuel">IBM, [https://www.ibm.com/history/early-games ''The games that helped AI evolve''], historia officialis.</ref> Anno [[1992]] [[Christopher J. C. H. Watkins]] et [[Peter Dayan]] rationem Q-learning exposuerunt atque condiciones demonstraverunt sub quibus aestimationes actionum ad valores optimos convergerent. Opus ad theoriam discendi ex actionum consequentiis pertinet.<ref name="qlearning">Christopher J. C. H. Watkins et Peter Dayan, [https://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~dayan/papers/cjch.pdf ''Q-learning''], ''Machine Learning'', 8, 1992, pp. 279–292.</ref> Anno [[2012]] [[Alex Krizhevsky]], [[Ilya Sutskever]] et [[Geoffrey E. Hinton]] rete neurale convolutionale profundum ad imagines ImageNet classificandas descripserunt. Exemplar, acceleratoribus graphicis exercitatum, in certamine ILSVRC-2012 primum locum obtinuit. Hoc opus exemplum coniunctionis datorum copiosorum, retium profundorum et computationis acceleratae praebuit.<ref name="alexnet">Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever et Geoffrey E. Hinton, [https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf ''ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''], ''Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems'', 25, 2012.</ref> == Rationes discendi == === Discere ex exemplis signatis === In certa ratione, observationibus valores ad praedictionem destinati adiunguntur. Algorithmus nexum inter proprietates observationis et valorem quaesitum aestimat. Si quaeritur cui classi observatio tribuenda sit, munus est ''classificatio''; si valor numericus aestimandus est, ''regressio''. Exemplar exercitatum deinde valores pro novis observationibus computare potest.<ref name="initium">Auctores [[scikit-learn]], [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/getting_started.html ''Getting Started''], documenta officialia.</ref> Observationes plerumque per proprietates repraesentantur. In tabula datorum ordines singula exempla, columnae singulas proprietates continere possunt. Electio et praeparatio harum proprietatum pars processus quo exemplar constituitur sunt.<ref name="initium" /> === Discere ex datis non signatis === In ratione ''unsupervised learning'' valores quaesiti exemplis non adiunguntur; structurae in ipsis datis investigantur. Una ratio est ''congregatio'', Anglice ''clustering'', qua observationes secundum similitudinem in greges disponuntur. Algorithmus k-means, exempli gratia, greges per centra definit et summam quadratorum distantiarum a centris minuere conatur.<ref name="greges">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html ''Clustering''], documenta officialia.</ref> Greges reperti a repraesentatione datorum, mensura distantiae et condicionibus algorithmicis pendent. Diversae rationes congregationis diversas formas gregum agnoscere possunt; quare eventus cum natura quaestionis interpretandus est.<ref name="greges" /> === Data partim signata et munera ex ipsis datis deducta === Ratio ''semi-supervised learning'' exempla signata cum exemplis non signatis coniungit. Algorithmi huius generis structuram datorum non signatorum ad relationes ex parte signata cognitas extendendas adhibere possunt. Utilitas pendet ab hypothesibus de distributione datorum et nexu inter hanc distributionem atque classes quaesitas.<ref name="semisupervisio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/semi_supervised.html ''Semi-supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> In ratione ''self-supervised learning'' munus exercitationis ex ipsis datis constituitur. Exemplar BERT, exempli gratia, discit elementa textus occultata ex contextu aestimare. Ita repraesentationes linguae ex textibus antea discuntur; exemplar postea ad munera particularia, velut responsa quaestionibus reddenda, accommodari potest.<ref name="bert">Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee et Kristina Toutanova, [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423/ ''BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding''], ''Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019'', pp. 4171–4186; [https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423.pdf textus plenus].</ref> === Discere per praemia === In ratione ''reinforcement learning'' agens actiones eligit, earum consequentias observat et praemia numerica accipit. Propositum est rationem agendi invenire qua summa praemiorum per tempus exspectata augeatur. Effectus actionis ad statum proximum et ad facultates actionum posteriorum pertinere potest.<ref name="qlearning" /> Q-learning valores parium quae ex statu et actione constant successive aestimat. Huiusmodi institutio machinarum ad decisiones per seriem temporis faciendas accommodatur; praemium immediatum cum utilitate futura aestimata coniungitur.<ref name="qlearning" /> == Fundamenta mathematica == In institutione machinarum ex exemplis signatis data exercitationis saepe ut paria <math>(x_i,y_i)</math> describuntur. Hic <math>x_i</math> observationem repraesentat, <math>y_i</math> valorem quaesitum. Ex classe hypothesium <math>\mathcal H</math> eligitur functio quae valores praedicat. Una ratio communis est minimizatio periculi empirici:<ref name="theoria" /> :<math>\hat f\in\operatorname*{arg\,min}_{f\in\mathcal H}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\ell\bigl(f(x_i),y_i\bigr).</math> Functio <math>\ell</math> iacturam, id est discrepantiam praedictionis a valore quaesito, exprimit. Quo minor summa in datis exercitationis est, eo melius exemplar illis datis accommodatur. Facultas ad novas observationes generalizandi etiam a classe hypothesium et a ratione qua data generata sunt pendet.<ref name="theoria" /> Ad optimizationem adhiberi potest descensus gradientis stochasticus, quo parametri ex singulis exemplis vel parvis gregibus exemplorum successive renovantur. ''Regularizatio'' condiciones vel poenas adiungit quibus amplitudo aut complexitas solutionis temperetur. Algorithmus optimizationis et familia exemplarium distincta munera habent: eadem ratio optimizationis pluribus familiis inservire potest.<ref name="optimizatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/sgd.html ''Stochastic Gradient Descent''], documenta officialia.</ref> == Familiae methodorum == Institutio machinarum varias familias exemplarium complectitur, inter quas sunt exemplaria linearia, arbores decisionis, rationes vicinorum proximorum et retia neuralia.<ref name="methodi">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/supervised_learning.html ''Supervised learning''], documenta officialia.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Exempla methodorum et munerum ! Familia vel ratio !! Exempla !! Munera usitata |- | Exemplaria linearia || Regressio linearis, regressio logistica || Aestimatio valorum numericorum et classificatio.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | Arbores et exemplaria coniuncta || Arbores decisionis, ''random forests'', ''gradient boosting'' || Regressio et classificatio; plura exemplaria in praedictionem communem coniungi possunt.<ref name="coniuncta">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ensemble.html ''Ensembles: Gradient boosting, random forests, bagging, voting, stacking''], documenta officialia.</ref> |- | Vicini proximi || k-nearest neighbors || Classificatio et regressio secundum observationes vicinas.<ref name="methodi" /> |- | [[Rete neurale artificiale|Retia neuralia]] || Retia convolutionalia, exemplaria Transformer || Tractatio imaginum et linguae naturalis.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /> |- | Congregatio || k-means, DBSCAN || Investigatio gregum in datis non signatis.<ref name="greges" /> |} == Exercitatio et aestimatio == === Partitio datorum === In aestimatione ordinaria data exercitationis ad exemplar aptandum adhibentur. Data validationis ad exemplaria vel configurationes comparandas pertinent, dum data probationis finalis ad aestimationem post electiones factas reservantur. Parametri exemplaris ex exercitatione discuntur; ''hyperparametri'', velut profunditas arboris, rationem constructionis aut exercitationis regunt.<ref name="validatio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html ''Cross-validation: evaluating estimator performance''], documenta officialia.</ref><ref name="initium" /> In validatione cruciata data in plures partes dividuntur. Exemplar iterum exercetur partibus diversis ad validationem reservatis, et mensurae comparantur vel aggregantur. Ubi observationes tempore ordinatae sunt aut ad easdem personas vel experimenta pertinent, partitio hos nexus respicere debet, ut aestimatio usui futuro respondeat.<ref name="validatio" /> === Mensurae effectus === Mensura ex munere pendet. In classificatione adhibentur proportio responsorum recte classificatorum (''accuracy''), proportio verorum inter casus positivos praedictos (''precision'') et proportio casuum positivorum vere exsistentium qui reperti sunt (''recall''). Mensura F1 medium harmonicum duarum posteriorum exprimit.<ref name="mensurae">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html ''Metrics and scoring: quantifying the quality of predictions''], documenta officialia.</ref> Ubi classes numero valde differunt, proportio responsorum rectorum sola defectus classis rarioris celare potest. Mensurae per classes et ''balanced accuracy'' alias rationes aestimationis praebent. In regressione inter mensuras sunt media errorum absolutorum et media quadratorum errorum.<ref name="mensurae" /> === Nimia accommodatio et transmissio informationis === ''Nimia accommodatio'', Anglice ''overfitting'', fit cum exemplar proprietatibus particularibus datorum exercitationis ita accommodatur ut effectus eius in novis datis deterior sit. Minimizatio erroris exercitationis sola generalizationem prosperam non praestat.<ref name="theoria" /> Alia difficultas est ''data leakage'': informatio quae tempore praedictionis praesto non esset in constructionem exemplaris intrat. Id accidere potest si data probationis ad proprietates eligendas aut transformationes datorum aestimandas adhibentur. Aestimationes tum nimis favorabiles fiunt. Transformationes ex parte exercitationis discendae sunt et deinde ad partes reservatas applicandae.<ref name="transmissio">Auctores scikit-learn, [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/common_pitfalls.html ''Common pitfalls and recommended practices''], documenta officialia, sectio ''Data leakage''.</ref> == Usus et condiciones applicationis == Inter usus documentatos sunt classificatio imaginum, tractatio linguae naturalis et electio actionum in ludis vel aliis ambitibus definitis. Retia convolutionalia imagines tractare possunt; exemplaria linguae ad quaestiones et textuum interpretationem accommodantur; rationes discendi per praemia decisiones successivas regunt.<ref name="alexnet" /><ref name="bert" /><ref name="qlearning" /> Qualitas datorum et congruentia eorum cum ambitu applicationis effectum exemplaris afficiunt. Exemplaria in usu deteriora esse possunt si data exercitationis condiciones futuras parum repraesentant. Praeiudicia socialia in datis contenta etiam in eventus computationis transferri vel amplificari possunt.<ref name="data">Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione et al., [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010 ''Datasheets for Datasets''], ''Communications of the ACM'', Decembri 2021; [https://arxiv.org/html/1803.09010v8 textus plenus].</ref> Ad originem et fines datorum explicandos propositae sunt tabulae descriptivae quae causam collectionis, compositionem, modos colligendi, usus destinatos et conservationem documentant. Huiusmodi documentatio investigatores et usores adiuvat ad iudicandum quibus condicionibus data et exemplaria adhiberi possint.<ref name="data" /> {{NexInt}} * [[Intellegentia artificialis]] * [[Statistica]] * [[Theoria probabilitatis]] * [[Rete neurale artificiale]] * [[PyTorch]] * [[TensorFlow]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/MachineLearning.pdf ''The Discipline of Machine Learning''], commentatio Tom M. Mitchell * [https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning/ ''Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms''], situs auctorum * [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/user_guide.html Documenta scikit-learn] [[Categoria:Intellegentia artificialis]] [[Categoria:Informatica]] [[Categoria:Statistica]] rqho8jdch7cz08q3jmyg0xjinu11t22 0 328427 3987214 2026-09-10T20:23:20Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Doctrina automatica]] ad [[Institutio machinarum]]: Latinitas 3987214 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Institutio machinarum]] kg3spmsjydmdxtdtov4lv8vkvelhne2 0 328428 3987226 2026-09-10T22:44:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Leezdorf]] ad [[Leezdorfium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987226 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leezdorfium]] akkz2a5wkkoy1710u8ftpgk9zjqea8k 0 328429 3987233 2026-09-10T23:02:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Brookmerland (commune generale)]] ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987233 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Brocmannia (commune generale)]] 8sxfgkxpihsd36szbbvyvyf4dp2qkuw 0 328430 3987256 2026-09-11T04:50:01Z Dux Vetinari 214634 Prima adumbratio 3987256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''Split Fiction''''' est ludus computatralis tantum cooperativus, actuosus et adventurosus, anno [[2025]] editus. Elaboratus est a studio Suecico [[Hazelight Studios]], quod antea ''[[A Way Out]]'' (2018) et ''[[It Takes Two (ludus computatralis)|It Takes Two]]'' (2021) creaverat, et a societate [[Electronic Arts]] divulgatus. Moderator ludi fuit Josef Fares. Ad [[PlayStation 5]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] et [[Xbox Series X/S]] die 6 Martii 2025 prodiit; ad [[Nintendo Switch 2]] die 5 Iunii 2025. Solum a duobus lusoribus agi potest, vel in eodem conclavi vel per interrete, modo veli fissi. == De fabula == Mio Hudson et Zoe Foster, duae scriptrices, a societate Rader Publishing invitatae sunt ut machinam experimentalem experiantur, quae scriptores sinit fabulas suas tamquam veras vivere. Mio diffidens discedere conatur, sed casu in sphaeram simulationis Zoe incidit. Ita ambae in eadem simulatione captae iter per mundos inter se mixtos facere coguntur: per mundos [[fabula scientifica|fabulae scientificae]] Mio et [[phantasia]]e Zoe. Mox intellegunt praesidem J.D. Rader non solum fabulas oblatas, sed etiam ideas reconditas e memoria surripere velle. Ut effugiant, errores systematis (''glitches'' dicta) quaerunt, qui machinam labefactant. Interea altera alterius vulnera cognoscit: Zoe mortem sororis parvae Ellae sibi imputat; Mio, patre aegrotante, affectus suos reprimit. In subconsciis suis utraque dolorem superare debet. Tandem Rader ipse specie ingenti deo similis in simulationem intrat. Illae coniunctis viribus eum vincunt, machinam destruunt et liberantur. Anno post librum communem titulo ''Split Fiction'' edunt. == Quomodo luditur == Unus lusor Mio, alter Zoe regit. Prospectus est tertiae personae. Quaeque scaena proprium modum ludendi brevem sed politum habet; facultates duarum heroinarum saepe diversae sunt, ut collaboratio necessaria sit. Praeter fabulam principalem exstant fabulae secundariae, ex ideis iuvenilibus imperfectis ortae, quae per portas inveniuntur et singulae propriam rationem ludendi praebent. == Creatio et receptio == Ludus apud The Game Awards anno 2024 nuntiatus est. Post successum ludi ''It Takes Two'' a grege circiter octoginta hominum machina ludorum [[Unreal Engine 5]] creatus est. Nomina heroinarum e filiabus Fares sumpta sunt. Fabula ab auctore cum pellicula de amicitia duorum comparata est. A criticis magnopere laudatus est et usque ad Aprilem 2026 plus quam septem milliones exemplarium vendidit. {{NexInt}} * ''[[It Takes Two (ludus computatralis)|It Takes Two]]'' == Nexus externi == * [https://www.ea.com/games/split-fiction Situs officialis] [[Categoria:Ludi computatrales]] [[Categoria:Scripta 2025]] k1pv9j8hcembhhqdj2cnkvfcvjav8gt 3987290 3987256 2026-09-11T11:06:50Z IacobusAmor 1163 3987290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''Split Fiction''''' est ludus computatralis tantum cooperativus, actuosus et adventurosus, anno [[2025]] editus. Elaboratus est a studio Suecico [[Hazelight Studios]], quod antea ''[[A Way Out]]'' (2018) et ''[[It Takes Two (ludus computatralis)|It Takes Two]]'' (2021) creaverat, et a societate [[Electronic Arts]] divulgatus. Moderator ludi fuit Josef{{dubsig}} Fares. Ad [[PlayStation 5]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] et [[Xbox Series X/S]] die 6 Martii 2025 prodiit; ad [[Nintendo Switch 2]] die 5 Iunii 2025. Solum a duobus lusoribus agi potest, vel in eodem conclavi vel per interrete, modo veli fissi. == De fabula == Mio Hudson et Zoe Foster, scriptrices, a societate Rader Publishing invitatae sunt ut machinam experimentalem experiantur, quae scriptores sinit fabulas suas tamquam veras vivere. Mio diffidens discedere conatur, sed casu in sphaeram simulationis Zoe incidit. Ita ambae in eadem simulatione captae iter per mundos inter se mixtos facere coguntur: per mundos [[fabula scientifica|fabulae scientificae]] Mio et [[phantasia]]e Zoe. Mox intellegunt praesidem J.D. Rader non solum fabulas oblatas, sed etiam ideas reconditas e memoria surripere velle. Ut effugiant, errores systematis (''glitches'' dicta) quaerunt, qui machinam labefactant. Interea altera alterius vulnera cognoscit: Zoe mortem sororis parvae Ellae sibi imputat; Mio, patre aegrotante, affectus suos reprimit. In subconsciis suis utraque dolorem superare debet. Tandem Rader ipse specie ingenti deo similis in simulationem intrat. Illae coniunctis viribus eum vincunt, machinam destruunt et liberantur. Anno post librum communem titulo ''Split Fiction'' edunt. == Quomodo luditur == Unus lusor Mio, alter Zoe regit. Prospectus est tertiae personae. Quaeque scaena proprium modum ludendi brevem sed politum habet; facultates duarum heroinarum saepe diversae sunt, ut collaboratio necessaria sit. Praeter fabulam principalem exstant fabulae secundariae, ex ideis iuvenilibus imperfectis ortae, quae per portas inveniuntur et singulae propriam rationem ludendi praebent. == Creatio et receptio == Ludus apud The Game Awards anno 2024 nuntiatus est. Post successum ludi ''It Takes Two'' a grege circiter octoginta hominum machina ludorum [[Unreal Engine 5]] creatus est. Nomina heroinarum e filiabus Fares sumpta sunt. Fabula ab auctore cum pellicula de amicitia duorum comparata est. A criticis magnopere laudatus est et usque ad Aprilem 2026 plus quam septem milliones exemplarium vendidit. {{NexInt}} * ''[[It Takes Two (ludus computatralis)|It Takes Two]]'' == Nexus externi == * [https://www.ea.com/games/split-fiction Situs officialis] [[Categoria:Ludi computatrales]] [[Categoria:Scripta 2025]] k9q72ijgc3jwi4akif4ig15qsgrx46o 0 328431 3987263 2026-09-11T09:11:27Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio 3987263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Saint-Dié}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Spinalium|Spinalii]] ab anno [[1953]] est.<ref name=histoire /> Haec dioecesis anno 1777 condita est,<ref name=histoire>{{opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/page/1741949070-histoire-du-diocese_|titulus=Histoire du diocèse|domus editoria=catholique88.fr}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}</ref> postquam [[Ducatus Lotharingiae]] ad Franciam aggregatus est. Eius iurisdictio partem meridionalem pristinae [[Dioecesis Tullensis]], necnon nonnulla territoria abbatiarum apud [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senoniam]], [[Medianum Monasterium]], Urbem Sancti Deodati, et [[Monasterium Stivagium|Stivagii]], una cum dependentiis earum, complectitur. Restaurata anno [[1822]], iurisdictio dioecesis ad territorium praefecturae [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] pertinet. Olim [[Dioecesis Trevirensis]] suffraganea,<ref>{{CathHierDiocese|sdie|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}}</ref> ab anno [[2002]] ad [[Archidioecesis Bisuntina|provinciam ecclesiasticam Bisuntinam]] pertinet. == Ecclesia cathedralis == [[Fasciculus:00 3380 Cathédrale Saint-Dié de Saint-Dié-des-Vosges - Frankreich.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Sanctus Deodatus|Sancto Deodato]] dicata.]] [[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Deodato dicata, [[Urbs Sancti Deodati|Urbis Sancti Deodati]] sita, etsi episcopatus anno 1953 ad [[Spinalium]] translatus est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{Opus|url=https://www.catholique88.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}} {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Dié|Dioecesem Sancti Deodati}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{CathHierDiocese|sdie|Dioecesis Sancti Deodati}} {{RC-stipula}} {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}} [[Categoria:Dioecesis Sancti Deodati]] fqnhcuzqohkbhqh2chgtiyq37cf7lr1 1 328432 3987264 2026-09-11T09:14:04Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3987264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Diocèse de Saint-Dié |239362163}} 4r92bguaoz7185n63y2t1wrbqrtia6p 14 328433 3987265 2026-09-11T09:15:28Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio 3987265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Francia|Sancti Claudii]] [[Categoria:Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)]] [[Categoria:Archidioecesis Bisuntina]] rnsyl4lpk7gmpji379sjev4r9de0ql7 0 328434 3987275 2026-09-11T10:19:33Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio e francica documentatione 3987275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Hadigny-les-Verrières, Église Saint-Martin 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Haldiniacum: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Martinus Turonensis|Sancto Martino]] dicata.]] {{res|Haldiniacum}} seu '''Hardiniacensis'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 204.</ref> (Francogallice ''Hadigny-les-Verrières'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 374 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Civis notabilis == * [[Iosephus Piroux]] (1800-1884), conditor Instituti pro Surdis et Mutis [[Nanceium|Nanceii]], hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hadigny|Haldiniacum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] pp53avxa5b13kwadpbjvazs07jjkx82 1 328435 3987276 2026-09-11T10:22:03Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3987276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Hadigny-les-Verrières|237754139}} t4xxnrbewk0xdule20hhvqn509mq4bt 0 328436 3987279 2026-09-11T10:28:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Lehre]] ad [[Lerin]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3987279 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lerin]] opg5gpmmf7nuuz6uyxw5w1u9krm1ldt 0 328437 3987282 2026-09-11T10:34:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Lerin]] 3987282 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lerin]] opg5gpmmf7nuuz6uyxw5w1u9krm1ldt 0 328438 3987283 2026-09-11T10:35:04Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Lerin]] 3987283 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lerin]] opg5gpmmf7nuuz6uyxw5w1u9krm1ldt 0 328439 3987284 2026-09-11T10:35:29Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Lerin]] 3987284 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lerin]] opg5gpmmf7nuuz6uyxw5w1u9krm1ldt 0 328440 3987285 2026-09-11T10:36:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Lerin]] 3987285 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lerin]] opg5gpmmf7nuuz6uyxw5w1u9krm1ldt