Spatium

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="la">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Vicipaedia</sitename>
    <dbname>lawiki</dbname>
    <base>https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Specialis</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Disputatio</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Usor</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Disputatio Usoris</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Vicipaedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Disputatio Vicipaediae</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Fasciculus</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Disputatio Fasciculi</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Disputatio MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Formula</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Disputatio Formulae</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Auxilium</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Disputatio Auxilii</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Categoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Disputatio Categoriae</namespace>
      <namespace key="100" case="first-letter">Porta</namespace>
      <namespace key="101" case="first-letter">Disputatio Portae</namespace>
      <namespace key="118" case="first-letter">Adumbratio</namespace>
      <namespace key="119" case="first-letter">Disputatio Adumbrationis</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Modulus</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Disputatio Moduli</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Spatium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993671</id>
      <parentid>3357558</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:28:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993671</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2193" sha1="hdolatd9d658demc4k998a549509v56" xml:space="preserve">:''De spatio extra Tellurem et alios planetas, vide [[Spatium (astronomia)|spatium]].''
'''Spatium''' (-i, ''n''.) sensu latissimo est separatio inter duas aut plures res, quae per multas [[mensura]]s quantificatur:
*Si res sunt duo [[eventus]], spatium est [[intervallum]] eventuum, quod vulgo per [[duratio]]nem vel [[tempus proprium]] vel [[intervallum spatiotemporale]] singulo numero quantificatur 
*Si res sunt duo [[locus|loci]] quodam [[tempus|tempore]], spatium est intervallum locorum, quod vulgo per [[distantia]]m singulo numero tantum quantificatur
*Si res constant [[geometria|obiecto geometrico]] duarum dimensionum spatium inter ea per [[Area (geometria)|area]]m quantificatur, si autem trium dimensionum spatium per [[capacitas et volumen|volumen aut capacitatem]] quantificatur.
*Si res sunt omnes res, spatium constat in omnibus locis in [[universum| mundo universo]] quodam tempore; [[continuum spatio-temporale]] autem in omnibus eventibus.

==Bibliographia==
;Res classicae
*Heuner, Ulf, ed. [[2006]]. ''Klassische Texte zum Raum.'' Berolini: Parados ISBN 3938880058.
*Huggett, Nick, ed. [[1999]]. ''Space from Zeno to Einstein.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press.

;Historia scientiae
*Jammer, Max. [[1960]]. ''Das Problem des Raumes: Die Entwicklung der Raumtheorien.'' Darmstadiae: Wiss. Buchges.&lt;!-- Deutsche Ausgabe der 1. Auflage von ''Concepts of Space''.--&gt;
*Jammer, Max. [[1993]]. ''Concepts of Space: the history of theories of space in physics.'' Praefatio [[Albertus Einstein|Alberti Einstein]]. Ed. 3a. Novi Eboraci: Dover Publ.
*Sendker, Werner Bernhard. [[2000]]. ''Die so unterschiedlichen Theorien von Raum und Zeit: Der transzendentale Idealismus Kants im Verhältnis zur Relativitätstheorie Einsteins.'' Ansibarii ISBN 3934366333.

;Textus systematici
*Rovelli, Carlo.l [[2006]]. ''What is Time? What is Space?'' Di Renzo Editore. ISBN 8883231465.
*Sexl, Roman, et Herbert Kurt Schmidt. [[1991]]. ''Raum Zeit Relativität.'' Braunschweig. ISBN 3528272368.

[[Categoria:Circumiectus]]
[[Categoria:Nihil]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]
[[Categoria:Spatium]]
&lt;!-- =Spacetime (but perhaps of dubious Latinity--&gt;

{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
      <sha1>hdolatd9d658demc4k998a549509v56</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Novum Brunsvicum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2750</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993627</id>
      <parentid>3553130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:42:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="7vus66bvtx8x0ix7v1we34jvhsbscx0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:New Brunswick Legislative Building- Fredericton- New Brunswick-20170718.jpg|200px|thumb|Novum Brunsvicum]]
'''Novum Brunsvicum''' est provincia in [[Provinciae Maritimae|Canada Maritima]]. In Novo Brunsvico sermones [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicus]] et [[Lingua Francica|Francogallicus]] linguae publicae sunt. 

==Urbes==
* [[Fredericopolis]] (caput)
* [[Bathurst]]
* [[Edmundston]]
* [[Moncton]]
* [[Urbs Sancti Ioannis Canadensis|Sanctus Ioannes]]
* [[Shediac]]
* [[Campbellopolis]]
* [[Miramichi]]
* [[Villa Woodstochii]]

==Sententia==
&quot;Spem reduxit&quot; ([[Anglice]] &quot;''Hope restored''&quot; vel [[Francogallice]]: &quot;''L'espoir renaît''&quot;) est sententia huic provinciae.

==De nomine==
[[Brunsvicum]] vetus est [[oppidum]] et [[regio]] [[Germania|Germanica]] vulgo ''Braunschweig'' appellata. Nomina [[Latine|Latina]] sunt ''Brunsviga, Brunsvigia, Brunsvicum, Brunonis vicus, Brunopolis.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{Urbes et comitatus Novi Brunsvici}}
{{Canada}}

[[Categoria:Novum Brunsvicum|!]]
[[Categoria:America Septentrionalis Britannica]]
[[Categoria:Canada Atlantica]]</text>
      <sha1>7vus66bvtx8x0ix7v1we34jvhsbscx0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Terra Nova et Terra Laboratoria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2752</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993625</id>
      <parentid>3991169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:35:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2129" sha1="910gtip5kkg4y0s7elx97f2zrmcaoma" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Terra Nova (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

{{res|Terra Nova et Terra Laboratoria}}&lt;ref&gt;Vide [[Terra Nova]] et [[Terra Laboratoria]].&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Terra Nova et Estotilandia}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=De  Estotilandia v. [https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/20751/Estotilandia_et_Laboratoris_Terra/Wytfliet.html &quot;Estotilandia et Laboratoris terra&quot;], tabula {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Cornelis Wijtfliet||nl|qid=Q2997519}} anni 1597; [[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=41 vol. II, p. 39].|2=Q2997519}} ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''Newfoundland and Labrador'', [[Francogallice]] ''Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador'') est [[provinciae Canadenses|provincia]] [[Canada|Canadensis]] in [[paeninsula Laboratoria]] ad litus [[mare Laboratorium|maris Laboratorii]] et in [[Terra Nova]] sita. Anno [[2001]] [[Terra Nova]] et [[Terra Laboratoria]] coniunctae sunt.

==Urbes==
*[[Urbs Sancti Ioannis Terrae Novae]] (caput)
*[[Urbs Estotilandiensis|Urbs Laboratoris]]
*[[Rivus Anguli]]
*[[Happy Valley-Goose Bay|Urbs Vallis Laetae et Sinus Anserini]]
*[[Gander]]
*[[Sanctus Antonius (Terra Nova)|Sanctus Antonius]] ''Saint Anthony''

==Flumina==
* [[Churchill (flumen Laboratoriae)|Churchill]]

==Sententia==
&quot;Quaerite primum regnum dei&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum]], 6:33. Sed &quot;Quaerite prime ''(sic)''...&quot; [https://www.gov.nl.ca/exec/cabinet/protocol/emblems/ in situ gubernationis provinciae] et in aliis locis.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514221106/http://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/ Situs periegeticus provinciae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514221106/http://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/ Situs rectionis provincialis]

{{geo-stipula}}
{{Canada}}

[[Categoria:America Septentrionalis Britannica]]
[[Categoria:Canada Atlantica]]
[[Categoria:Terra Nova et Estotilandia|!]]</text>
      <sha1>910gtip5kkg4y0s7elx97f2zrmcaoma</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ontario</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2756</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993560</id>
      <parentid>3993457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:32:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5123" sha1="qg4sv3dldme87t061r9y5307v3wwufh" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Ontario (discretiva)}}{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Niagara Falls- Horseshoe Falls (3).jpg|200px|thumb|Aquae cadentes Niagarenses]]
'''Ontario''' {{victio|Ontario|onis|f}}&lt;ref&gt;Vide [[nomen proprium|nomina biologica]] [[asteraceae]] ''[[Symphyotrichum ontarionis|Symphyotrichi ontarionis]]'' (''[[Aster ontarionis|Asterae ontarionis]]''), [[Annelidae|annelidi]] ''[[Rhyacodrilis ontarionis]],'' [[Coleoptera|coleopteri]] ''[[Agabus fuscipennis|Agabi fuscipennis]] ontarionis,'' et [[Parasitismus|parasiti]] ''[[Baryodma ontarionis]].''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latine et &quot;Ontarium&quot;: vide hoc [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitatis Vaticanae]] documentum: https://web.archive.org/web/20110508031524/http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2007%20%5B1915%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf (... in Ontarii provincia Canadensi ...)&lt;/ref&gt; est provincia [[Canada]]e, numero incolarum prima (plus quam 13 870 milia anno 2019), [[area (geometria)|area]] secunda post [[Quebecum]] (1 076 395 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]]).

==Situs==

A septentrione aquis [[sinus Hudsonius|sinus Hudsonii]] et [[sinus James]] Ontario alluitur (quorum insulae partes territorii [[Nunavut]] sunt), in occidente cum [[Manitoba]] contermina est, in oriente cum [[Quebecum|Quebeco]]. A meridie systema [[Magni Lacus|Lacuum Magnorum]] ceteraque flumina et lacus confinium Ontarionis cum [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] formant; cum [[Novum Eboracum]] per [[flumen Sancti Laurentii]], [[Lacus Ontarius|lacum Ontarium]], flumen [[Niagara]]m (ubi et [[aquae cadentes Niagarenses]] sitae sunt) et [[lacus Erieus|lacum Erieum]]; cum [[Pennsilvania]] et [[Ohium|Ohio]] per eundem lacum; cum [[Michigania]] per lacum Erieum, flumen [[Detroitum (flumen)|Detroitum]], [[Lacus Sanctae Clarae|lacum Sanctae Clarae]], [[flumen Sanctae Clarae]], [[Lacus Huronum|lacum Huronum]], [[flumen Sanctae Mariae]] et [[Lacus Superior|lacum Superiorem]]; denique cum [[Minnesota]] per lacum Superiorem, multos fluvios et lacus minores et [[lacus Silvestris|lacum Silvestrem]].

== Urbes ==
Provinciae urbs maxima et caput est [[Torontum]]. [[Ottavia]] Canadae caput etiam in Ontarione situm est. Ceterae urbes sunt:
* [[Hamiltonia]], portus lacus Ontarii;
* [[Londinium (Canada)|Londinium]];
* [[Regiopolis (Canada)|Regiopolis]] (''Kingston'');
* [[Sinus Tonitralis]] (''Thunder Bay'');
* [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Canada)|Cataracta Sanctae Mariae]] ad ripam [[flumen Sanctae Mariae|fluminis Sanctae Mariae]] contra urbem Civitatum Foederatarum [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Civitates Foederatae)|eiusdem nominis]];
* [[Windesoria (Canada)|Windesoria]] ad ripam Detroiti fluminis contra [[Detroitum]] urbem Civitatum Foederatarum.

== Hydrographia ==

Praeter systema Magnorum Lacuum supra descriptum [[Ottavia (flumen)|Ottavia]] flumen nominandum est, fluminis sancti Laurentii accola, cuius ad ripam et Ottavia urbs sita est, et [[Vinnipega (flumen)|Vinnipega]], e lacum Silvestri in [[Vinnipega (lacus)|lacus eiusdem nominis]] fluens. Lacus [[Nipigon]] pars systematis Magnorum Lacuum est. 

== Sententia ==
&quot;Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet&quot; ([[Anglice]]: ''Loyal she began, loyal she remains'').

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
[[Fasciculus:Lake Ontario - Sandbanks Provincial Park 2001.jpg|thumb|[[Aestas]] in [[Sandbanks Reservatio Provincialis|Sandbanks Reservatione Provinciali]] prope [[Andiatrocus lacus|Andiatrocum Lacum]] (Ontarionem Lacum)]]
[[Fasciculus:Escarpment at Bruce Peninsula.JPG|thumb|[[Niagara Vallum]] (rupes) in [[Bruce Paeninsula]].]]
*  Baskerville, Peter A. [[2005]]. ''Sites of Power: A Concise History of Ontario.'' Oxford University Press. (Editio prima est ''Ontario: Image, Identity and Power,'' 2002). [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=112191064889930 Commentarius de libro.]
* {{cite book |last =Beckett |first = Harry |year = 2001|title = Ontario |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Jx0lQMN53sC&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Weigl |isbn=189699085 }}
* ''Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History: Proceedings of the Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History Symposium, April 14, 15, and 16, 2000.'' [[2000]]. Ontario Historical Society.
* Chambers, Lori, et Edgar-Andre Montigny, eds. [[2000]]. ''Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader.''
* {{cite book |last1 = Montigny|first1 = Edgar-André |first2= Anne Lorene |last2= Chambers, |year = 2000|title = Ontario since Confederation : a reader|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&amp;lpg=PA3&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher= University of Toronto Press|isbn= 0802044441 }}
* {{cite book |last =  White|first =Randall |year =1985 |title = Ontario, 1610-1985 : a political and economic history |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=i_H444blkDgC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=0919670989 }}

==Nexus externi==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Ontario|Ontarionem}}

{{Provinciae et territoria Canadae}}

[[Categoria:Nova Francia]]
[[Categoria:Ontario|!]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1867]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>qg4sv3dldme87t061r9y5307v3wwufh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993568</id>
      <parentid>3993560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:15:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hydrographia */</comment>
      <origin>3993568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5120" sha1="qufw0oe5muha8qegko395q8pzbx3d4e" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Ontario (discretiva)}}{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Niagara Falls- Horseshoe Falls (3).jpg|200px|thumb|Aquae cadentes Niagarenses]]
'''Ontario''' {{victio|Ontario|onis|f}}&lt;ref&gt;Vide [[nomen proprium|nomina biologica]] [[asteraceae]] ''[[Symphyotrichum ontarionis|Symphyotrichi ontarionis]]'' (''[[Aster ontarionis|Asterae ontarionis]]''), [[Annelidae|annelidi]] ''[[Rhyacodrilis ontarionis]],'' [[Coleoptera|coleopteri]] ''[[Agabus fuscipennis|Agabi fuscipennis]] ontarionis,'' et [[Parasitismus|parasiti]] ''[[Baryodma ontarionis]].''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latine et &quot;Ontarium&quot;: vide hoc [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitatis Vaticanae]] documentum: https://web.archive.org/web/20110508031524/http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2007%20%5B1915%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf (... in Ontarii provincia Canadensi ...)&lt;/ref&gt; est provincia [[Canada]]e, numero incolarum prima (plus quam 13 870 milia anno 2019), [[area (geometria)|area]] secunda post [[Quebecum]] (1 076 395 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]]).

==Situs==

A septentrione aquis [[sinus Hudsonius|sinus Hudsonii]] et [[sinus James]] Ontario alluitur (quorum insulae partes territorii [[Nunavut]] sunt), in occidente cum [[Manitoba]] contermina est, in oriente cum [[Quebecum|Quebeco]]. A meridie systema [[Magni Lacus|Lacuum Magnorum]] ceteraque flumina et lacus confinium Ontarionis cum [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] formant; cum [[Novum Eboracum]] per [[flumen Sancti Laurentii]], [[Lacus Ontarius|lacum Ontarium]], flumen [[Niagara]]m (ubi et [[aquae cadentes Niagarenses]] sitae sunt) et [[lacus Erieus|lacum Erieum]]; cum [[Pennsilvania]] et [[Ohium|Ohio]] per eundem lacum; cum [[Michigania]] per lacum Erieum, flumen [[Detroitum (flumen)|Detroitum]], [[Lacus Sanctae Clarae|lacum Sanctae Clarae]], [[flumen Sanctae Clarae]], [[Lacus Huronum|lacum Huronum]], [[flumen Sanctae Mariae]] et [[Lacus Superior|lacum Superiorem]]; denique cum [[Minnesota]] per lacum Superiorem, multos fluvios et lacus minores et [[lacus Silvestris|lacum Silvestrem]].

== Urbes ==
Provinciae urbs maxima et caput est [[Torontum]]. [[Ottavia]] Canadae caput etiam in Ontarione situm est. Ceterae urbes sunt:
* [[Hamiltonia]], portus lacus Ontarii;
* [[Londinium (Canada)|Londinium]];
* [[Regiopolis (Canada)|Regiopolis]] (''Kingston'');
* [[Sinus Tonitralis]] (''Thunder Bay'');
* [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Canada)|Cataracta Sanctae Mariae]] ad ripam [[flumen Sanctae Mariae|fluminis Sanctae Mariae]] contra urbem Civitatum Foederatarum [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Civitates Foederatae)|eiusdem nominis]];
* [[Windesoria (Canada)|Windesoria]] ad ripam Detroiti fluminis contra [[Detroitum]] urbem Civitatum Foederatarum.

== Hydrographia ==

Praeter systema Magnorum Lacuum supra descriptum [[Ottavia (flumen)|Ottavia]] flumen nominandum est, fluminis sancti Laurentii accola, cuius ad ripam et Ottavia urbs sita est, et [[Vinnipega (flumen)|Vinnipega]], e lacum Silvestri in [[lacus Vinnipega|lacus eiusdem nominis]] fluens. Lacus [[Nipigon]] pars systematis Magnorum Lacuum est.

== Sententia ==
&quot;Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet&quot; ([[Anglice]]: ''Loyal she began, loyal she remains'').

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
[[Fasciculus:Lake Ontario - Sandbanks Provincial Park 2001.jpg|thumb|[[Aestas]] in [[Sandbanks Reservatio Provincialis|Sandbanks Reservatione Provinciali]] prope [[Andiatrocus lacus|Andiatrocum Lacum]] (Ontarionem Lacum)]]
[[Fasciculus:Escarpment at Bruce Peninsula.JPG|thumb|[[Niagara Vallum]] (rupes) in [[Bruce Paeninsula]].]]
*  Baskerville, Peter A. [[2005]]. ''Sites of Power: A Concise History of Ontario.'' Oxford University Press. (Editio prima est ''Ontario: Image, Identity and Power,'' 2002). [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=112191064889930 Commentarius de libro.]
* {{cite book |last =Beckett |first = Harry |year = 2001|title = Ontario |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Jx0lQMN53sC&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Weigl |isbn=189699085 }}
* ''Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History: Proceedings of the Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History Symposium, April 14, 15, and 16, 2000.'' [[2000]]. Ontario Historical Society.
* Chambers, Lori, et Edgar-Andre Montigny, eds. [[2000]]. ''Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader.''
* {{cite book |last1 = Montigny|first1 = Edgar-André |first2= Anne Lorene |last2= Chambers, |year = 2000|title = Ontario since Confederation : a reader|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&amp;lpg=PA3&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher= University of Toronto Press|isbn= 0802044441 }}
* {{cite book |last =  White|first =Randall |year =1985 |title = Ontario, 1610-1985 : a political and economic history |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=i_H444blkDgC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=0919670989 }}

==Nexus externi==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Ontario|Ontarionem}}

{{Provinciae et territoria Canadae}}

[[Categoria:Nova Francia]]
[[Categoria:Ontario|!]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1867]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>qufw0oe5muha8qegko395q8pzbx3d4e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993569</id>
      <parentid>3993568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:16:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hydrographia */</comment>
      <origin>3993569</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5119" sha1="hatqtmaar1pccz8r52d44emrmwnq9g9" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Ontario (discretiva)}}{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Niagara Falls- Horseshoe Falls (3).jpg|200px|thumb|Aquae cadentes Niagarenses]]
'''Ontario''' {{victio|Ontario|onis|f}}&lt;ref&gt;Vide [[nomen proprium|nomina biologica]] [[asteraceae]] ''[[Symphyotrichum ontarionis|Symphyotrichi ontarionis]]'' (''[[Aster ontarionis|Asterae ontarionis]]''), [[Annelidae|annelidi]] ''[[Rhyacodrilis ontarionis]],'' [[Coleoptera|coleopteri]] ''[[Agabus fuscipennis|Agabi fuscipennis]] ontarionis,'' et [[Parasitismus|parasiti]] ''[[Baryodma ontarionis]].''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latine et &quot;Ontarium&quot;: vide hoc [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitatis Vaticanae]] documentum: https://web.archive.org/web/20110508031524/http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2007%20%5B1915%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf (... in Ontarii provincia Canadensi ...)&lt;/ref&gt; est provincia [[Canada]]e, numero incolarum prima (plus quam 13 870 milia anno 2019), [[area (geometria)|area]] secunda post [[Quebecum]] (1 076 395 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]]).

==Situs==

A septentrione aquis [[sinus Hudsonius|sinus Hudsonii]] et [[sinus James]] Ontario alluitur (quorum insulae partes territorii [[Nunavut]] sunt), in occidente cum [[Manitoba]] contermina est, in oriente cum [[Quebecum|Quebeco]]. A meridie systema [[Magni Lacus|Lacuum Magnorum]] ceteraque flumina et lacus confinium Ontarionis cum [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] formant; cum [[Novum Eboracum]] per [[flumen Sancti Laurentii]], [[Lacus Ontarius|lacum Ontarium]], flumen [[Niagara]]m (ubi et [[aquae cadentes Niagarenses]] sitae sunt) et [[lacus Erieus|lacum Erieum]]; cum [[Pennsilvania]] et [[Ohium|Ohio]] per eundem lacum; cum [[Michigania]] per lacum Erieum, flumen [[Detroitum (flumen)|Detroitum]], [[Lacus Sanctae Clarae|lacum Sanctae Clarae]], [[flumen Sanctae Clarae]], [[Lacus Huronum|lacum Huronum]], [[flumen Sanctae Mariae]] et [[Lacus Superior|lacum Superiorem]]; denique cum [[Minnesota]] per lacum Superiorem, multos fluvios et lacus minores et [[lacus Silvestris|lacum Silvestrem]].

== Urbes ==
Provinciae urbs maxima et caput est [[Torontum]]. [[Ottavia]] Canadae caput etiam in Ontarione situm est. Ceterae urbes sunt:
* [[Hamiltonia]], portus lacus Ontarii;
* [[Londinium (Canada)|Londinium]];
* [[Regiopolis (Canada)|Regiopolis]] (''Kingston'');
* [[Sinus Tonitralis]] (''Thunder Bay'');
* [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Canada)|Cataracta Sanctae Mariae]] ad ripam [[flumen Sanctae Mariae|fluminis Sanctae Mariae]] contra urbem Civitatum Foederatarum [[Cataracta Sanctae Mariae (Civitates Foederatae)|eiusdem nominis]];
* [[Windesoria (Canada)|Windesoria]] ad ripam Detroiti fluminis contra [[Detroitum]] urbem Civitatum Foederatarum.

== Hydrographia ==

Praeter systema Magnorum Lacuum supra descriptum [[Ottavia (flumen)|Ottavia]] flumen nominandum est, fluminis sancti Laurentii accola, cuius ad ripam et Ottavia urbs sita est, et [[Vinnipega (flumen)|Vinnipega]], e lacu Silvestri in [[lacus Vinnipega|lacus eiusdem nominis]] fluens. Lacus [[Nipigon]] pars systematis Magnorum Lacuum est.

== Sententia ==
&quot;Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet&quot; ([[Anglice]]: ''Loyal she began, loyal she remains'').

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
[[Fasciculus:Lake Ontario - Sandbanks Provincial Park 2001.jpg|thumb|[[Aestas]] in [[Sandbanks Reservatio Provincialis|Sandbanks Reservatione Provinciali]] prope [[Andiatrocus lacus|Andiatrocum Lacum]] (Ontarionem Lacum)]]
[[Fasciculus:Escarpment at Bruce Peninsula.JPG|thumb|[[Niagara Vallum]] (rupes) in [[Bruce Paeninsula]].]]
*  Baskerville, Peter A. [[2005]]. ''Sites of Power: A Concise History of Ontario.'' Oxford University Press. (Editio prima est ''Ontario: Image, Identity and Power,'' 2002). [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=112191064889930 Commentarius de libro.]
* {{cite book |last =Beckett |first = Harry |year = 2001|title = Ontario |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Jx0lQMN53sC&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Weigl |isbn=189699085 }}
* ''Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History: Proceedings of the Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History Symposium, April 14, 15, and 16, 2000.'' [[2000]]. Ontario Historical Society.
* Chambers, Lori, et Edgar-Andre Montigny, eds. [[2000]]. ''Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader.''
* {{cite book |last1 = Montigny|first1 = Edgar-André |first2= Anne Lorene |last2= Chambers, |year = 2000|title = Ontario since Confederation : a reader|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&amp;lpg=PA3&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher= University of Toronto Press|isbn= 0802044441 }}
* {{cite book |last =  White|first =Randall |year =1985 |title = Ontario, 1610-1985 : a political and economic history |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=i_H444blkDgC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Ontario&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=0919670989 }}

==Nexus externi==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Ontario|Ontarionem}}

{{Provinciae et territoria Canadae}}

[[Categoria:Nova Francia]]
[[Categoria:Ontario|!]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1867]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>hatqtmaar1pccz8r52d44emrmwnq9g9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lacus Ilinorum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2903</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993587</id>
      <parentid>3884564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:41:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Michigania]]</comment>
      <origin>3993587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3845" sha1="te9v0ni9l0rcurgyj1al7bd545evgxy" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:Great Lakes Lake Michigan.png|thumb|Lacus Ilinorum ([[Caeruleus Berolinus|caeruleus berolinus]] pictus) et ceteri Lacus Magni]]
'''Lacus Ilinorum,'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lacus Ilinorum&quot;: [[Ioannes Luyts]], ''Introductio ad geographiam novam et veterem'' (1692) {{Google Books|cYI9AAAAcAAJ|p. 701}}; {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Lacus Michiganus,'''&lt;ref&gt;Egger (vide disputationem)&lt;/ref&gt; est unus ex [[Magni Lacus|Magnis Lacubus]], in [[Illinoesia]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigania]], et [[Visconsinia]] situs, maximus [[lacus]] intra fines [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]].

[[Fasciculus:LightningVolt_Lake_Michigan_Sunset.jpg|thumb|Occasus [[sol]]is in Lacu Michigania]]
In [[mare|maritimis]] [[urbs|urbibus]] Lacus Michiganiae habitant 12 000 000 hominum. Urbes magis quam 30 000 incolarum sunt:

{| 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Visconsinia'''
* [[Sinus Vertis]] 
* [[Kenosha]]
* [[Manitowoc]] 
* [[Milvauchia]]
* [[Racine (Wisconsin)|Racine]] 
* [[Sheboygan]]
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Illinoesia'''
* [[Sicagum|Chicagonia]] sive [[Sicagum]]
* [[Evanstonia (Illinoesia)|Evanstonia]]
* [[Highland Park]] 
* [[Waukegan]]
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Indiana'''
* [[Gary (Indiana)|Gary]] 
* [[Hammond]]
* [[Michigan City]] 
* [[Portage]] 
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Michigania'''
* [[Muskegon]]
|}

== Pactio Magnorum Lacuum ==
Anno [[2005]], civitates [[Magni Lacus|Magnorum Lacuum]] [[Ohium]], [[Michigania]], [[Novum Eboracum]], [[Pennsilvania]], [[Illinoesia]], [[Indiana]], [[Visconsinia]], et [[Minnesota]], et  [[Ontario]] provincia Canadiensis Pactionem Sustinendarum Opum Aquariarum Magnorum Lacuum et Pelvis Fluminis Sancti Laurentii (''Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Compact'') sanxerunt, quam Praeses [[Georgius W. Bush]] [[lex|legem]] Septembri [[2008]] fecit. Pactio, ratio internationalium [[ius|iurum]] aquariorum gerendorum a Consilio Magnorum Lacuum (''Great Lakes Commission''), deductionem [[aqua]]e ex Magnis Lacubus ad civitates remotas obstare intendit, et normas usurpandi conservandique praescribit. Ambae maiores factiones politicae pactionem fulciunt, a [[Senator (CFGA)|Senatore]] [[Georgius Voinovich|Georgio Voinovich]] (R-OH) et Gubernatore [[Jennifer Granholm]] (D-MI) promotae, sed ob siccitates frequentis et paucitatem aquae, populo in civitatibus meridio-occidentalibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] non grata est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Hyde, Charles K., Ann Mahan, et John Mahan. [[1995]]. ''The Northern Lights: Lighthouses of the Upper Great Lakes.'' Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2554-8 ISBN 978-0-8143-2554-4.
* Oleszewski, Wes. [[1998]]. ''Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses.'' Gwinn, Michiganiae: Avery Color Studios, Inc. ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
* Penrod, John. [[1998]]. ''Lighthouses of Michigan.'' Berrien Center, Michiganiae: Penrod/Hiawatha. ISBN 978-0-942618-78-5 ISBN 978-1-893624-23-8.
* Penrose, Laurie, et Bill Penrose. [[1999]]. ''A Traveler’s Guide to 116 Michigan Lighthouses.'' Petoskey, Michiganiae: Friede Publications. ISBN 0-923756-03-5 ISBN 978-0-923756-03-1.
* Wagner, John L. [[1998]]. ''Michigan Lighthouses: An Aerial Photographic Perspective.'' East Lansing, Michiganiae: John L. Wagner. ISBN 1-880311-01-1 ISBN 978-1-880311-01-1.
* Wright, Larry, et Patricia Wright. [[2006]]. ''Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia.'' Erin: Boston Mills Press. ISBN 1-55046-399-3.

== Nexus externus ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lake Michigan|Michiganum Lacum}}

{{LacusMagni}}
{{geo-stipula}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilinorum, lacus}}

[[Categoria:Visconsinia]]
[[Categoria:Lacus Illinoesiae]]
[[Categoria:Indiana]]
[[Categoria:Lacus Michiganiae]]
[[Categoria:Lacus Visconsiniae]]
[[Categoria:Magni Lacus]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>te9v0ni9l0rcurgyj1al7bd545evgxy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993588</id>
      <parentid>3993587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:41:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Visconsinia]]</comment>
      <origin>3993588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3819" sha1="m1oqtc3hvdn52kcbu222rowb27pzqav" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:Great Lakes Lake Michigan.png|thumb|Lacus Ilinorum ([[Caeruleus Berolinus|caeruleus berolinus]] pictus) et ceteri Lacus Magni]]
'''Lacus Ilinorum,'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lacus Ilinorum&quot;: [[Ioannes Luyts]], ''Introductio ad geographiam novam et veterem'' (1692) {{Google Books|cYI9AAAAcAAJ|p. 701}}; {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Lacus Michiganus,'''&lt;ref&gt;Egger (vide disputationem)&lt;/ref&gt; est unus ex [[Magni Lacus|Magnis Lacubus]], in [[Illinoesia]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigania]], et [[Visconsinia]] situs, maximus [[lacus]] intra fines [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]].

[[Fasciculus:LightningVolt_Lake_Michigan_Sunset.jpg|thumb|Occasus [[sol]]is in Lacu Michigania]]
In [[mare|maritimis]] [[urbs|urbibus]] Lacus Michiganiae habitant 12 000 000 hominum. Urbes magis quam 30 000 incolarum sunt:

{| 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Visconsinia'''
* [[Sinus Vertis]] 
* [[Kenosha]]
* [[Manitowoc]] 
* [[Milvauchia]]
* [[Racine (Wisconsin)|Racine]] 
* [[Sheboygan]]
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Illinoesia'''
* [[Sicagum|Chicagonia]] sive [[Sicagum]]
* [[Evanstonia (Illinoesia)|Evanstonia]]
* [[Highland Park]] 
* [[Waukegan]]
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Indiana'''
* [[Gary (Indiana)|Gary]] 
* [[Hammond]]
* [[Michigan City]] 
* [[Portage]] 
| width=&quot;20px&quot; |
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
'''Michigania'''
* [[Muskegon]]
|}

== Pactio Magnorum Lacuum ==
Anno [[2005]], civitates [[Magni Lacus|Magnorum Lacuum]] [[Ohium]], [[Michigania]], [[Novum Eboracum]], [[Pennsilvania]], [[Illinoesia]], [[Indiana]], [[Visconsinia]], et [[Minnesota]], et  [[Ontario]] provincia Canadiensis Pactionem Sustinendarum Opum Aquariarum Magnorum Lacuum et Pelvis Fluminis Sancti Laurentii (''Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Compact'') sanxerunt, quam Praeses [[Georgius W. Bush]] [[lex|legem]] Septembri [[2008]] fecit. Pactio, ratio internationalium [[ius|iurum]] aquariorum gerendorum a Consilio Magnorum Lacuum (''Great Lakes Commission''), deductionem [[aqua]]e ex Magnis Lacubus ad civitates remotas obstare intendit, et normas usurpandi conservandique praescribit. Ambae maiores factiones politicae pactionem fulciunt, a [[Senator (CFGA)|Senatore]] [[Georgius Voinovich|Georgio Voinovich]] (R-OH) et Gubernatore [[Jennifer Granholm]] (D-MI) promotae, sed ob siccitates frequentis et paucitatem aquae, populo in civitatibus meridio-occidentalibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] non grata est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Hyde, Charles K., Ann Mahan, et John Mahan. [[1995]]. ''The Northern Lights: Lighthouses of the Upper Great Lakes.'' Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2554-8 ISBN 978-0-8143-2554-4.
* Oleszewski, Wes. [[1998]]. ''Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses.'' Gwinn, Michiganiae: Avery Color Studios, Inc. ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
* Penrod, John. [[1998]]. ''Lighthouses of Michigan.'' Berrien Center, Michiganiae: Penrod/Hiawatha. ISBN 978-0-942618-78-5 ISBN 978-1-893624-23-8.
* Penrose, Laurie, et Bill Penrose. [[1999]]. ''A Traveler’s Guide to 116 Michigan Lighthouses.'' Petoskey, Michiganiae: Friede Publications. ISBN 0-923756-03-5 ISBN 978-0-923756-03-1.
* Wagner, John L. [[1998]]. ''Michigan Lighthouses: An Aerial Photographic Perspective.'' East Lansing, Michiganiae: John L. Wagner. ISBN 1-880311-01-1 ISBN 978-1-880311-01-1.
* Wright, Larry, et Patricia Wright. [[2006]]. ''Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia.'' Erin: Boston Mills Press. ISBN 1-55046-399-3.

== Nexus externus ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lake Michigan|Michiganum Lacum}}

{{LacusMagni}}
{{geo-stipula}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilinorum, lacus}}

[[Categoria:Lacus Illinoesiae]]
[[Categoria:Indiana]]
[[Categoria:Lacus Michiganiae]]
[[Categoria:Lacus Visconsiniae]]
[[Categoria:Magni Lacus]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>m1oqtc3hvdn52kcbu222rowb27pzqav</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaliningradum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3584</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993537</id>
      <parentid>3771195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:50:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5721" sha1="cq65hia2uum74z36ypq8aqo7z5wzeki" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}{{videdis|Regiomontium (discretiva)}}
'''Kaliningradum'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2011/nuntius3.php?id=631 ''Ephemeris'' 2011]; [[Tuomo Pekkanen]] &amp; [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum'', 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Kalininopolis'''&lt;ref name=NSLO&gt;[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Editio secunda anni 2009. Pro nomine adiectivo nomini &quot;Kalininopolis&quot; dictionarium dicit &quot;Kalininopolitanus&quot;. De &quot;Regiomontium&quot; non dicit per quid tempus urbs ita appellabatur, modo &quot;antea&quot; indicans. Nam adiectiva forma est &quot;Regi(o)montanus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Russice]] Калининград, [[translitteratio|tr.]] ''Kaliningrad''), usque ad [[Annus|annum]] [[1946]] '''Regimontum Borussorum'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide e.g. locum editionis in pagina tituli huius libri : Adalbertus Roquette, ''de Xenophontis Vita'', Regimonti Borussorum, 1894. [https://archive.org/stream/dexenophontisvi01roqugoog#page/n2/mode/2up Versio electronica]&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Regiomontium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graessegrossausgabe&quot;&gt;Graesse, Benedict et Plechl, [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?fip=193.174.98.30&amp;id=00050914&amp;seite=1 ''Orbis Latinus''], versio magna quartae editionis, liber 3 (Brunsvicum: Klinkhardt et Biermann, 1972), pagina 243. Vide etiam disputationem nostram.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NSLO/&gt; sive '''Regiomontum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graessegrossausgabe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://eulerarchive.maa.org//docs/originals/E053.pdf Solutio problematis ad geometriam situs pertinentis auctore Leonhardo Eulero]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Interdum etiam ''Konigsberga'', [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0721b.html ''Lexicon Universale'' Hofmanni: ''Konigsberga'']; [[Theodisce]] ''Königsberg''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Königsberg'') appellatum, est urbs [[Russia]]e, caput [[regio Kaliningradensis|regionis Kaliningradensis]]. Ad [[Pregella]]m fluvium situm est. Urbi sunt circa 460 milia incolarum (anno [[2016]]), qui hodie ''Kaliningradenses'' vocantur.
==Momentum==
Kaliningradum est valens vectorium focus, stationes ferriviarias, portus et aeroportum habens. Praeterea, sedes industriae (e.g. constructionis machinarum), commerciae et culturae est. 

Kaliningradi sunt universitates (quarum maxima est [[Universitas Foederalis Baltica Kantiana]]), [[Bibliotheca|bibliothecae]], [[Museum|musaea]], [[Theatrum|theatra]], [[Hortus botanicus|horti botanicus]] et [[Hortus zoologicus|zoologicus]] atque multa monumenta historica architecturae.

Praesertim autem Regiomontium hodiernum armis pullulat ad Europam continenter temptandam, cuius pars usque [[incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|Februarium 2022]] ipsum fuerat.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/news/russland-verlegt-hyperschallraketen-nach-kaliningrad-li.258005 &quot;Russland verlegt Hyperschallraketen nach Kaliningrad&quot;.] Apud: Berliner Zeitung, 18.8.2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img09 Kant Island.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia Cathedralis Regiomontana]], qua [[Bellum|bello]] deleta posteaque restaurata incolae [[Urbs|urbis]] utuntur odeo.]]
[[Fasciculus:Kaliningrad town hall seen from Pobedy square.jpg|thumb|[[Curia Municipalis Kaliningradensis]].]]
Regiomontium anno [[1255]] a Premyslao Otacaro altero, [[rex|rege]] [[Bohemia]]e, conditum est, ut sibi auxilium ferrent ad subigendos et in fidem christianam armis redigendos incolas regionis Balticae equites [[Ordo Teutonicus|Ordinis Teutonici]].

Anno [[1544]] [[Universitas Albertina Regiomontii]] condita fuit.

Die [[18 Ianuarii]] [[1701]] [[Fridericus I (rex Borussiae)|Fridericus I rex Borussiae]] (primus rex Borussiae) Regiomonti coronatus est et post eum omnes reges Borussiae ad usque [[Gulielmus II (Imperator Germaniae)|Gulielmum II]] anno [[1888]]. [[Saeculum 18|Saeculo 18]] in universitate Regiomontana [[Immanuel Kantius]] philosophorum eius aevi facile princeps philosophiam moralem docuit auxit amplificavit.

Ad annum 1945 Regiomontium [[Borussia orientalis|Borussiae Orientalis]] caput erat.

Post [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II|bellum mundanum alterum]] urbs incendiis paene deleta pars fuit [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] et anno [[1946]], incolis Germanis expulsis, in honorem [[Michael Kalinin|Michaelis Kalinin]] praesidis Unionis Sovieticae, qui paulo prius mortuus erat, nomen hodiernum accepit.&lt;ref&gt;Tino Künzel: [https://mdz-moskau.eu/kalinin-strasse-eine-beleidigung-fuer-jeden-moskauer/ &quot;Kalinin-Straße? - Eine Beleidigung für jeden Moskauer&quot;.] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Apud: MDZ, 4.8.2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cives illustres ==
=== Nati ===
* [[1657]] - [[Fridericus I (rex Borussiae)]]
* [[1724]] - [[Immanuel Kantius]], philosophus
* [[1752]] - [[Ioannes Fridericus Reichardt]], compositor et musicologus
* [[1776]] - [[Ernestus Theodorus Amadeus Hoffmann]], scriptor
* [[1880]] - [[Bruno Taut]], architectus
* [[1824]] - [[Gustavus Robertus Kirchhoff]], physicus
* [[1884]] - [[Maximus Taut]], architectus
* [[1891]] - [[Curtius Latte]], philologus

=== Mortui ===
* [[1659]] - [[Simeon Dach]], poeta
* [[1804]] - [[Immanuel Kantius]], philosophus
* [[1846]] - [[Fridericus Gulielmus Bessel]], astronomus

== Coniunctio communium ==
* [[Ratiboria]] ([[Polonia]])
* [[Bremae Portus]] ([[Germania]])
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Unda Esperantici]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Kaliningrad|Kaliningradum}}
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170209115933/http://bigenc.ru/geography/text/2035791 Pagina de Kaliningrado ''Encyclopaediae Russicae Magnae''] {{ling|Russice}}

[[Categoria:Kaliningradum| ]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1255]]
[[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]]
[[Categoria:Portus maris Baltici]]</text>
      <sha1>cq65hia2uum74z36ypq8aqo7z5wzeki</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index urbium Germaniae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4344</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993672</id>
      <parentid>3993147</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:33:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Saxonia Inferior */</comment>
      <origin>3993672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6945" sha1="hzjpwzwv9qn0vfc1rjnvfxa52dx0wht" xml:space="preserve">Hic habes '''indicem urbium Germaniae'''.
[[Fasciculus:Urbes in Germania.png|thumb|Urbes Germaniae]]

== Urbes autonomae ==
*[[Berolinum]], Caput Germaniae (''Berlin'')
*[[Brema]], (''Bremen'')
*[[Hamburgum]], etiam ''Hammonia'' (''Hamburg'')

== Civitates ==

=== [[Badenia-Virtembergia]] ===
*[[Achara]] (''Achern'')
*[[Ala (Germania)|Ala]] (''Aalen'')
*[[Arguna]] (''Langenargen'')
*[[Aquae]] (''Baden-Baden'')
*[[Arae Flaviae]] (''Rottweil'')
*[[Bruchsalia]] vel Bruxalium (''Bruchsal'')
*[[Calewa]] (''Calw'')
*[[Carolsruha]] (''Karlsruhe'')
*[[Cella Cuprum]] (''Kupferzell'')
*[[Condistat]] (''Bad Cannstatt'')
*[[Crailsheimum]] (''Crailsheim'')
*[[Cuppenheim]]
*[[Doneschinga]] (''Donaueschingen'')
*[[Ediningum]] (''Ettlingen'')
*[[Eslinga]] (''Esslingen'')
*[[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] (''Freiburg'')
*[[Gamundia]] (''Schwäbisch Gmünd'')
*[[Heidelberga]] (''Heidelberg'')
*[[Hailprunna]] (''Heilbronn'')
*[[Halla Suevica]] (''Schwäbisch Hall'')
*[[Isininga]] (''Eislingen'')
*[[Kornwestheimium]] (''Kornwestheim'')
*[[Lauriacum Suevicum]] (''Lorch (Württ.)'')
*[[Laviacum]] (''Lauffen am Neckar'')
*[[Lopodunum]] (''Ladenburg'')
*[[Ludoviciburgum]] (''Ludwigsburg'')
*[[Marbachum]] (''Marbach am Neckar'')
*[[Manhemium]] (''Mannheim'')
*[[Neufra]]
*[[Neulußheim]]
*[[Nurtinga]] (''Nürtingen'')
*[[Oberndorfium]] (''Oberndorf am Neckar'')
*[[Pascuum Konzi]] (''Künzelsau'')
*[[Phorca]] (''Pforzheim'')
*[[Redlinga]] (''Riedlingen'')
*[[Rotovilla]] (''Rottweil'')
*[[Sumelocenna]] (''Rottenburg'')
*[[Sindelfinga]] (''Sindelfingen'')
*[[Solicinium]] (''Schwetzingen'')
*[[Sumelocenna]] (''Rottenburg'')
*[[Stuttgartum]], caput [[terra (regio)|terrae]] foederalis (''Stuttgart'')
*[[Tubinga]] (''Tübingen'')
*[[Ulma]] (''Ulm'')
*[[Waiblinga]] (''Waiblingen'')
*[[Weil der Stadt]]
*[[Wimpina]] (''Wimpfen'')

=== [[Bavaria]] ===
*[[Abdiacum]] (''Füssen'')
*[[Altdorfii]] (''Altdorf, Baden'')
*[[Aschaffenburgum]] (''Aschaffenburg'')
*[[Augusta Vindelicorum]] (''Augsburg'')
*[[Baruthum]]) (''Bayreuth'')
*[[Batavia Bavariae|Batavia]] (''Passau'')
*[[Bedaium]] (''Seebruck'')
*[[Caesarea (Bavarorum)]] (''Kaisheim'')
*[[Caesarea (Bavarorum)]] (''Kempten'')
*[[Castra Regina]] (''Regensburg'')
*[[Coburgum]] (''Coburg'')
*[[Crana]] (''Kronach'')
*[[Curia Variscorum]] (''Hof'')
*[[Dachanum]] (''Dachau'')
*[[Dilinga]] (''Dillingen an der Donau'')
*[[Epininga]] (''Bad Aibling'')
*[[Guntia]] (''Günzburg'')
*[[Ingolstadium]] (''Ingolstadt'')
*[[Kitzinga]] (''Kitzingen'')
*[[Monachium]], caput provinciae (''München'', Anglice ''Munich'')
*[[Neoforum]], etiam ''Novoforum'' (''Neumarkt'')
*[[Landeshuetta]] (''Landshut'')

=== [[Brandenburgum]] ===
*[[Potestampium]], caput provinciae (Potsdam)
*[[Arausionis castrum]] (''Oranienburg'')
*[[Cottbusia]] (Theod. ''Cottbus'')
*[[Brandenburgum (oppidum)|Brandenburgum ad Avelum]] (''Brandenburg an der Havel'')
*[[Ratenovia]] (''Rathenow'')
*[[Rupina]] (''Neuruppin'')

=== [[Hassia]] ===
*[[Aquae Mattiacae]], caput provinciae (''Wiesbaden'')
*[[Byvera]] (''Bebra'')
*[[Cassala|Castellum vel Cassellae vel Cassala]] (''Kassel'')
*[[Castellum Mattiacorum]] (''Mainz-Kastell'') 
*[[Escevegia]] (''Eschwege'') 
*[[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] (''Frankfurt am Main'') 
*[[Fulda]] (''Fulda'') 
*[[Laudenbachia]] (''Laudenbach im Werra-Meißner-Kreis'', vide pagus Verrae Visnerique)
*[[Lauriacum Pagus Rheni]] (Lorch im Rheingau)
*[[Lauriacum Caroli Magni]] (Lorsch/Bergstraße), [[Patrimonium totius mundi]]
*[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] (''Limburg an der Lahn'') 
*[[Magna Almeroda]] (''Großalmerode'') 
*[[Mursina]] (''Morschen'')
*[[Rodgau]] (''Rodgau'') 
*[[Villesinderothis]] (''Wilsenroth'') 
*[[Witflaria]] (''Wetzlar'') 
*[[Witzenhusa]] (''Witzenhausen'')

=== [[Megapolis et Pomerania Citerior]] ===
*[[Gryphisvaldia]] (''Greifswald'')
*[[Rostochium]] (''Rostock'')
*[[Stralsunda]] (''Stralsund'')
*[[Suerinum]] (''Schwerin'')
*[[Vismaria]] (''Wismar'')

=== [[Rhenania-Palatinatus|Rhenania-Palatinatum]] ===
*[[Augusta Treverorum]] (''Trier'')
*[[Borbetomagus]] sive Vormatia (''Worms'')
*[[Confluentes]] (''Koblenz'')
*[[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]] (''Ludwigshafen'')
*[[Moguntiacum]], caput provinciae (''Mainz'')

=== [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia]] ===
*[[Aquisgranum]] (etiam, Aquae Grani, ''Aachen'')
*[[Assindia]] (''Essen'')
*[[Bilivelda]] (''Bielefeld'')
*[[Bonna]] (''Bonn'')
*[[Colonia Agrippina]] (''Köln'')
*[[Detmolda]] (''Detmold'')
*[[Thuiscoburgum]] (''Duisburg'')
*[[Divitia]] (Köln-''Deutz'')
*[[Durnomagus]] (''Dormagen'')
*[[Dusseldorpium]] (''Düsseldorf'')
*[[Lupiaepolis]] (''Lippstadt'')
*[[Monasterium (Germania)]] (''Münster'')
*[[Rigomagus]] (''Remagen'')
*[[Roisdorpium]] (''Roisdorf'')
*[[Tremonia]] (''Dortmund'')
*[[Verina]] (''Werne'')
*[[Castra Vetera|Vetera]] sive [[Xantum]] (''Xanten'')
*[[Varburgum Vestphalorum]] (''Warburg'')
*[[Warendorp]] (''Warendorf'')
*[[Porta Westfalica]] (''Porta Westfalica'')
*[[Wiperfordia]] (''Wipperfürth'')

=== [[Saravia]] sive Terra Sarrae ===
*[[Saravipontus]] seu [[Sarabrucca]], caput provinciae (''Saarbrücken'')

=== [[Saxonia]] ===
*[[Chemnicium]] (''Chemnitz'')
*[[Dresda]] (''Dresden'')
*[[Lipsia]] (''Leipzig'')

=== [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum]] ===
*[[Cusne]] (''Bad Kösen'')
*[[Islebia]] (''Eisleben'')
*[[Leucopetra]] (''Weißenfels'')
*[[Leucorea]] (''Lutherstadt Wittenberg'')
*[[Magdeburgum]] sive [[Parthenopolis]], caput provinciae (''Magdeburg'')
*[[Quedlinburgum]]
*[[Salinae Saxonicae]] (''Halle / Saale'')
*[[Stendalia]] (''Stendal'')
*[[Tucherina]] (''Teuchern'')

=== [[Saxonia Inferior]] ===
*[[Ansibarium]] (''Osnabrück'')
*[[Brunsvicum]] (''Braunschweig'')
*[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]] (''Celle'')
*[[Emda]] (''Emden'')
*[[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'')
*[[Hamala]] (''Hameln'')
*[[Holtisminni]] (''Holzminden'')
*[[Hannoveria]] (''Hannover'') caput provinciae 
*[[Northemium]]
*[[Oldenburgum]] (''Oldenburg'')
*[[Petrimons]] (''Bad Pyrmont'')
*[[Wilhelmshaven]] (''Wilhelmshaven'')
*[[Winsenia]] ad flumen [[Luya]]m appellatum (''Winsen an der Luhe''), sedes administrationis regionis Harburgensis
*[[Wolfsburgum]]

=== [[Slesvicum et Holsatia]] ===
*[[Ekerenforda]] (''Eckernförde'')
*[[Kielia]] vel Chilonium, caput [[Terra Foederalis Germaniae|terrae foederalis]] (''Kiel'')
*[[Lubeca]] (''Lübeck'')
*[[Novum Monasterium]] (''Neumünster'')
*[[Oldenburgum (Holsatia)|Oldenburgum]] (''Oldenburg'')
*[[Ploena]] (''Plön'')
*[[Raceburgum]] (''Ratzeburg'')
*[[Sliasvig]] (''Schleswig'')

=== [[Thuringia]] ===
*[[Altenburgum in Misnia]] (''Altenburg, Thüringen'')
*[[Erfordia]] ''(Erfurt)''
*[[Gerapolis]] ''(Gera)''
*[[Iena]] ''(Jena)''
*[[Vimaria]] ''(Weimar)''
*[[Ilmenavia]] ''(Ilmenau)''
*[[Ysenacum]] (''Eisenach'')

{{NexInt}}
{{fn|Urbes Romanae Germaniae}}

== Nexus externi ==
*[[:de:Liste lateinischer Ortsnamen#Deutschland (Germania)|Index nominum Latinorum apud vicipaediam theodiscam]]

{{De Germania}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Germaniae|*]]
[[Categoria:Indices urbium|Germania]]</text>
      <sha1>hzjpwzwv9qn0vfc1rjnvfxa52dx0wht</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iulapium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993522</id>
      <parentid>3806930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2585" sha1="rdtwya4noi49m53dixmaxd71t5jygv9" xml:space="preserve">'''Iulāpium'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Iulapium&quot; e.g. [https://wiki.uibk.ac.at/noscemus/_-_/index.php?title=Enchiridion_medicinae&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile hic] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''iulēpus''',&lt;ref&gt;[[Michael Pexenfelder]], ''[[Apparatus eruditionis]]'' (1670), [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/pexen/pexen1/s0231.html p.201] et [[Theodorus Zwinger]], ''[[Compendium Medicinae Universae]]'' (1724), 
[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/zwinger/zwinger1/bd1/jpg/s320.html p.308]
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Iulebus&quot;: [[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s420.html 'Iulebus']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;iulep&quot;: [[Arnaldus de Villa Nova|Arnaldi de Villa Nova]] ''[[Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum]]'' annis 1305/1308 scriptum ([https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00065328/images/index.html?id=00065328&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=xdsydfsdryztsyztsxdsydsdasxdsyd&amp;no=68&amp;seite=58 editio 1474])&lt;/ref&gt; est verbum mediaevale ex origine asiatico (Arabice ''julāb'', a Persico ''gulāb'', id est &quot;[[aqua rosata]]&quot;) quod designat potionem dulcem et iucundam, saepissime ex aqua, petalis maceratis, et saccharo.

Iulapia, aevo medio, salubria habebantur, qua de causa saepius in scriptis medicalibus describuntur. [[Iohannes Petrus Corvinus|Corvinus]], exempli gratia, scripsit librum nomine ''De diatartari iulapii temperamento, qualitatibus, usu, &amp; dosi enarratio''.

&quot;Iulepus&quot; quoque indicabat [[melicratum]] recens, ut adfirmat [[Michael Pexenfelder|Pexenfelder]]:
:&quot;Sunt insuper varii potus mustulenti, qui vel conficiuntur ex favis et aqua (immixtis aromatibus;) ut est Aqua mulsa, ad usus condita; Melicratum autem recens, est mistura aquae, cum melle, aut saccharo, repentino usu parata; (officinae Julepum vocant.)&quot; -''Apparatus Eruditionis'' p.201

Genera iulapii sunt inter alia:

*&quot;Iulapium violarum&quot; describitur in herbario [[Iacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus|Tabernaemontani]]

*[[Iulapium e mentha]] est potio fortis americana ex [[vischium|Borbonensi]], saccharum, aqua et mentha.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes antiquiores
* 1305/1308 : {{ec|id=Regimen sanitatis|c=[[Arnaldus de Villa Nova]], ''[[Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum]]'' ([https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00065328/images/index.html?id=00065328&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=xdsydfsdryztsyztsxdsydsdasxdsyd&amp;no=68&amp;seite=58 editio 1474])}} (&quot;iulep&quot;)

[[Categoria:Medicamenta]]
[[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]]
[[Categoria:Verba Persica mutuata]]</text>
      <sha1>rdtwya4noi49m53dixmaxd71t5jygv9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Macana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993570</id>
      <parentid>2405050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:22:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="931" sha1="mq8tlnekhgrgq8w6kw532xbvom4aaek" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Macuahuitl.png|thumb|100px|Macana saeculi 15 saeculi, obsidiano dentata, 25 uncias longa]]
'''Macana''' ({{navatlace|mācuahuitl|}}) est armamentum Mesoamericanum antiquum, clavae acutae sive ensi ligneo simile. Macanis nonnumquam erant acies ex [[obsianum|obsidiano]].

== Nexus Externi ==
*[http://www.mexico-france.com/codices_esp.html Imagines ex codice Mexicano]
*[http://www.orinoco.org/apg/locollitem.asp?id=2438&amp;lang=es Macana sine obsidiano] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Loci ==
[[Patrus Martyr Anglerius|Petri Martyris]] ''Decades de Orbe Novo'':
:&quot;Cominus hi certant vt plurimum, ensibus oblongis, quos macanas ipsi appellant, ligneis tamen, quia ferrum non assequuntur...&quot; (p. 127) 
:&quot;armatum [???] more, arcubus putà &amp; sagittis, machanísque, id est, ensibus amplis, ligneis, oblongus, utráque manu agitandis...&quot; (p. 180)

[[Categoria:Arma nociva]]</text>
      <sha1>mq8tlnekhgrgq8w6kw532xbvom4aaek</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Michigania</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993589</id>
      <parentid>3632322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3286" sha1="g9dalyp87de92z8nhizmnq0cwv500ie" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Pere Marquette.JPG|thumb|''Pater Marquette et Indi Americani.'' [[Gulielmus Lamprecht]], [[1869]].]]

'''Michigania'''&lt;ref&gt;{{TraupmanConvLat}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Michigan'') est [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitas]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]. Michigania 83 [[comitatus]] et sola inter civitates [[America]]nas duas [[paeninsula]]s habet. Hae paeninsulae [[Michigania Superior|Superior]] [[Michigania Inferior|Inferiorque]] [[pons|ponte]] iunguntur et quattuor e quinque [[Lacus Magni|Lacubus Magnis]] attingit. Civitas quondam partem unum Novae Franciae fuit, sed se cum [[colonia|coloniis]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniacis]], anno [[1763]] iunxit.

== Historia ==
Ubi primi Europaei advenerunt, maiores incolae Michiganiae [[Indi Americani|Indi]] [[Ottava]], [[Chippeva]], [[Potavatomi]] fuerunt. Ottavae plerumque circum Mackinacum vivebant, et Potawatomi circum [[meridies|meridiem]]. Hi [[natio]]nes in [[pax|pace]] vivebant, nomine ''Consilium Trium Ignium'' appellatae. Europaeorum primos qui ad Michiganiam venerint [[Stephanus Brûlé]] anno 1622 conduxit.

[[Antonius Cadillac]] [[Detroitum|arcem Detroitum]] anno [[1701]] condidit ad ripam fluminis (hodie [[Flumen Detroitense|Detroitense]] nuncupatum) quae a lacu Sanctae Clarae in [[Lacus Erieus|lacum Erieum]] defluit.

[[Bellum Rerum Novarum Americanum|Bello Rerum Novae Americanae]], Detroitum fuit auxilium maiorem pro Britannia. Namquam, plurimus populi Detroiti fuit [[Canadenses Francogallici]] aut Indi Americani, qui Indi partim castram Franciam adiuvabant. Ad hoc, cum [[Quebecum]] divideretur in Canadam Superam Canadamque Inferam (anno 1790), Michigania partem Canadae Superae fuit.

Anno 1813, proelio Lacus Eriei victrices, Civitates Foederatae Michiganiam receperunt.

== Geographica ==
Michigania duas [[paeninsula]]s et multas [[insula]]s habet. Lacos magnos quartos tingit. Circum omnis civitas, laculosci innumerabiles adsunt. Cum hoc sit, Michigania [[Pharus|pharos]] plus quam aliis civitatibus habet.

Paeninsula Superior est paene rustica. Silvae terram circumvelat et monticuli ex telluro surgunt. Cluta aqua cadens est, cui nomen est Tahquamenon Aqua Cadens ([[Anglice]] ''Tahquamenon Falls'').

Paeninsula Inferior dicitur esse similis manus aut [[chirotheca]]e.

=== Clima ===
Michigania in [[zona temperata]] sita est: ibi [[clima continentale]] praevalet. Quae cum ita sint, [[Hiems|hiemes]] frigidae, aestates calidae sunt et umidae. Lacus Michiganus Huronumque Erieusque hiemibus aliquibus glacie omnino teguntur, sed [[lacus Superior|Superior]], aliorum profundissimus, nunquam conglaciatur.

== Signa ==
* Civitatis [[sententia]]: &quot;Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam, Circumspice&quot;

== Urbes ==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Detroitum]]
* Cataractae Grandes
* Kalamazu
* [[Lansinga]], [[caput (urbs)|caput]]
* S. Mariae Cadit{{dubsig}} (Civitates Foederatae)
* [[Marquette (Michigania)]]
* Mons Ferreus
* [[Northville (Michigania)|Northville]]
* Silex
* [[Saginava]]
* Troia
{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externus ==
* [http://www.michigan.gov Situs interretialis Michiganiae proprius.] {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{Comitatus Michiganiae}}
{{Civitates Foederatae}}

[[Categoria:Michigania| ]]</text>
      <sha1>g9dalyp87de92z8nhizmnq0cwv500ie</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993645</id>
      <parentid>3909386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:00:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C */</comment>
      <origin>3993645</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4186" sha1="k252wkvm2ng5oglpac2e5nenpswudcc" xml:space="preserve">[[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]

Vide etiam [[Index capitum civitatum Americae|indicem capitum civitatum Americae]].

== Index locorum ==

=== A ===
* [[Albanum]], [[caput]] Novi Eboraci (''Albany'')
* [[Angelopolis]], (''Los Angeles'')
* [[Annapolis]], [[caput]] Terrae Mariae (''Annapolis'')
* [[Atlanta]], [[caput]] Georgiae (''Atlanta'')
* [[Augusta]], [[caput]] Cenomannicae (''Augusta'')
* [[Augustinia]], [[caput]] Texiae (''Austin'')

=== B ===
* [[Bismarcopolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Septentrionalis (''Bismarck'')
* [[Bostonia]], [[caput]] Massachusetae (''Boston'')

=== C ===
* [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]], [[caput]] Illinoesiae (''Springfield'')
* [[Cantabrigia iuxta Flumen Carolanum|Cantabrigia]], Massachusseta (''Cambridge'')
* [[Carolopolis]], Carolinae Meridionalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Virginia Occidentalis)|Carolopolis]], [[caput]] Virginia Occidentalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Massachusetta)|Carolopolis]], vicus storicus Bostoniae, Massachusettae (''Charlestown'')
* [[Carsonia]], [[caput]] Nivitae (''Carson City'')
* [[Cheyenna]], [[caput]] Vyominae (''Cheyenne'')
* [[Columbia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Meridionalis (''Columbia'')
* [[Columbopolis]], [[caput]] Ohii (''Columbus'')
* [[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)|Concordia]], [[caput]] Novae Hantescriae (''Concord'')

=== D ===
* [[Didacopolis, California|Didacopolis]] (''San Diego'')
* [[Denverium]], [[caput]] Colorati (''Denver'')
* [[Dubris (Delavaria)|Dubris]], [[caput]] Delaveriae (''Dover'')

=== F ===
* [[Francofurtum]], [[caput]] Kentukiae (''Frankfort'')

=== H ===
* [[Hardifordia]], [[caput]] Connecticutae (''Hartford'')
* [[Harrisburgum]], [[caput]] Pennsilvaniae (''Harrisburg'')
* [[Helenopolis]], [[caput]] Montanae (''Helena'')
* [[Honolulum]], [[caput]] Havaiorum (''Honolulu'')

=== I ===
* [[Iacsonia]], [[caput]] Mississippiae (''Jackson'')
* [[Ieffersonia]], [[caput]] Missuriae (''Jefferson City'')
* [[Indianapolis]], [[caput]] Indianae (''Indianapolis'')
* [[Iunellum]], [[caput]] Alascae (''Juneau'')

=== L ===
* [[Lansinga]], [[caput]] Michiganiae (''Lansing'')
* [[Las Vegas]] sive Campi, (''Las Vegas'')
* [[Lincolnia]], [[caput]] Nebrascae (''Lincoln'')

=== M ===
* [[Madisonia]], [[caput]] Visconsiniae (''Madison'')
* [[Memphis Tennesia|Memphis]] (''Memphis'')
* [[Milvauchia]] (''Milwaukee'')
* [[Monachopolis]], [[caput]] Iovae (''Des Moines'')
* [[Mons Gomerici]], [[caput]] Alabamae (''Montgomery'')
* [[Mons Pessalanus]], [[caput]] Montis Viridis (''Montpelier'')

=== N ===
* [[Nasburgum]], [[caput]] Tennesiae (''Nashville'')

=== O ===
* [[Oclahoma Urbs]], [[caput]] Oclahoma (''Oklahoma City'')
* [[Olympia (Vasingtonia)|Olympia]], [[caput]] Vasingtoniae (''Olympia'')

=== P ===
* [[Petricula]], [[caput]] Arcansiae (''Little Rock'')
* [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Meridionalis (''Pierre'')
* [[Phoenix]], [[caput]] Arizonae (''Phoenix'')
* [[Portlandia]], aut in Cenomannica aut in Oregonia (''Portland'')
* [[Providentia (Rhodensis Insula)]], [[caput]] Rhodensis Insulae, (''Providence'')

=== R ===
* [[Raleia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Septentrionalis (''Raleigh'')
* [[Ricmondia]], [[caput]] Virginiae (''Richmond'')
* [[Rubrobastum]], [[caput]] Ludovicianae (''Baton Rouge'')

=== S ===
* [[Sacramento]], [[caput]] Californiae (''Sacramento'')
* [[Salem]], [[caput]] Oregoniae (''Salem'')
* [[Sancta Fides]], [[caput]] Novi Mexici (''Santa Fe'')
* [[Sanctus Franciscus, California|Sanctus Franciscus]], (''San Francisco'')
* [[Sanctus Ludovicus, Missouriae|Sanctus Ludovicus]] (''Missouriae'')
* [[Sanctus Paulus]], [[caput]] Minnesotae (''St. Paul'')
* [[Seattlum]] (''Seattle'')
* [[Sicagum]] sive Chicagonia (''Chicago'')

=== T ===
* [[Tallahassia]], [[caput]] Floridae (''Tallahassee'')
* [[Topeca]], [[caput]] Cansiae (''Topeka'')
* [[Trentonia]], [[caput]] Novae Caesareae (''Trenton'')

=== U ===
* [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]], [[caput]] Utae (''Salt Lake City'')

=== V ===
* [[Vigornia (America)|Vigornia]] (Worcester)

=== X ===
* [[Xylopolis]], [[caput]] Idahi (''Boise'')

{{Nexus carentes}}

[[Categoria:Indices locorum|Civitates foedaratae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
      <sha1>k252wkvm2ng5oglpac2e5nenpswudcc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993646</id>
      <parentid>3993645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:02:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* M */</comment>
      <origin>3993646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4186" sha1="a3c1mbiclgqu7s3wv4t71d3vbc96mtm" xml:space="preserve">[[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]

Vide etiam [[Index capitum civitatum Americae|indicem capitum civitatum Americae]].

== Index locorum ==

=== A ===
* [[Albanum]], [[caput]] Novi Eboraci (''Albany'')
* [[Angelopolis]], (''Los Angeles'')
* [[Annapolis]], [[caput]] Terrae Mariae (''Annapolis'')
* [[Atlanta]], [[caput]] Georgiae (''Atlanta'')
* [[Augusta]], [[caput]] Cenomannicae (''Augusta'')
* [[Augustinia]], [[caput]] Texiae (''Austin'')

=== B ===
* [[Bismarcopolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Septentrionalis (''Bismarck'')
* [[Bostonia]], [[caput]] Massachusetae (''Boston'')

=== C ===
* [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]], [[caput]] Illinoesiae (''Springfield'')
* [[Cantabrigia iuxta Flumen Carolanum|Cantabrigia]], Massachusseta (''Cambridge'')
* [[Carolopolis]], Carolinae Meridionalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Virginia Occidentalis)|Carolopolis]], [[caput]] Virginia Occidentalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Massachusetta)|Carolopolis]], vicus storicus Bostoniae, Massachusettae (''Charlestown'')
* [[Carsonia]], [[caput]] Nivitae (''Carson City'')
* [[Cheyenna]], [[caput]] Vyominae (''Cheyenne'')
* [[Columbia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Meridionalis (''Columbia'')
* [[Columbopolis]], [[caput]] Ohii (''Columbus'')
* [[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)|Concordia]], [[caput]] Novae Hantescriae (''Concord'')

=== D ===
* [[Didacopolis, California|Didacopolis]] (''San Diego'')
* [[Denverium]], [[caput]] Colorati (''Denver'')
* [[Dubris (Delavaria)|Dubris]], [[caput]] Delaveriae (''Dover'')

=== F ===
* [[Francofurtum]], [[caput]] Kentukiae (''Frankfort'')

=== H ===
* [[Hardifordia]], [[caput]] Connecticutae (''Hartford'')
* [[Harrisburgum]], [[caput]] Pennsilvaniae (''Harrisburg'')
* [[Helenopolis]], [[caput]] Montanae (''Helena'')
* [[Honolulum]], [[caput]] Havaiorum (''Honolulu'')

=== I ===
* [[Iacsonia]], [[caput]] Mississippiae (''Jackson'')
* [[Ieffersonia]], [[caput]] Missuriae (''Jefferson City'')
* [[Indianapolis]], [[caput]] Indianae (''Indianapolis'')
* [[Iunellum]], [[caput]] Alascae (''Juneau'')

=== L ===
* [[Lansinga]], [[caput]] Michiganiae (''Lansing'')
* [[Las Vegas]] sive Campi, (''Las Vegas'')
* [[Lincolnia]], [[caput]] Nebrascae (''Lincoln'')

=== M ===
* [[Madisonia]], [[caput]] Visconsiniae (''Madison'')
* [[Memphis Tennesia|Memphis]] (''Memphis'')
* [[Milvauchia]] (''Milwaukee'')
* [[Monachopolis]], [[caput]] Iovae (''Des Moines'')
* [[Mons Gomerici]], [[caput]] Alabamae (''Montgomery'')
* [[Mons Pessulanus]], [[caput]] Montis Viridis (''Montpelier'')

=== N ===
* [[Nasburgum]], [[caput]] Tennesiae (''Nashville'')

=== O ===
* [[Oclahoma Urbs]], [[caput]] Oclahoma (''Oklahoma City'')
* [[Olympia (Vasingtonia)|Olympia]], [[caput]] Vasingtoniae (''Olympia'')

=== P ===
* [[Petricula]], [[caput]] Arcansiae (''Little Rock'')
* [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Meridionalis (''Pierre'')
* [[Phoenix]], [[caput]] Arizonae (''Phoenix'')
* [[Portlandia]], aut in Cenomannica aut in Oregonia (''Portland'')
* [[Providentia (Rhodensis Insula)]], [[caput]] Rhodensis Insulae, (''Providence'')

=== R ===
* [[Raleia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Septentrionalis (''Raleigh'')
* [[Ricmondia]], [[caput]] Virginiae (''Richmond'')
* [[Rubrobastum]], [[caput]] Ludovicianae (''Baton Rouge'')

=== S ===
* [[Sacramento]], [[caput]] Californiae (''Sacramento'')
* [[Salem]], [[caput]] Oregoniae (''Salem'')
* [[Sancta Fides]], [[caput]] Novi Mexici (''Santa Fe'')
* [[Sanctus Franciscus, California|Sanctus Franciscus]], (''San Francisco'')
* [[Sanctus Ludovicus, Missouriae|Sanctus Ludovicus]] (''Missouriae'')
* [[Sanctus Paulus]], [[caput]] Minnesotae (''St. Paul'')
* [[Seattlum]] (''Seattle'')
* [[Sicagum]] sive Chicagonia (''Chicago'')

=== T ===
* [[Tallahassia]], [[caput]] Floridae (''Tallahassee'')
* [[Topeca]], [[caput]] Cansiae (''Topeka'')
* [[Trentonia]], [[caput]] Novae Caesareae (''Trenton'')

=== U ===
* [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]], [[caput]] Utae (''Salt Lake City'')

=== V ===
* [[Vigornia (America)|Vigornia]] (Worcester)

=== X ===
* [[Xylopolis]], [[caput]] Idahi (''Boise'')

{{Nexus carentes}}

[[Categoria:Indices locorum|Civitates foedaratae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
      <sha1>a3c1mbiclgqu7s3wv4t71d3vbc96mtm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993647</id>
      <parentid>3993646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:03:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* S */</comment>
      <origin>3993647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4178" sha1="i7sq81tui5fg3ja9ox52o54cqra2v62" xml:space="preserve">[[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]

Vide etiam [[Index capitum civitatum Americae|indicem capitum civitatum Americae]].

== Index locorum ==

=== A ===
* [[Albanum]], [[caput]] Novi Eboraci (''Albany'')
* [[Angelopolis]], (''Los Angeles'')
* [[Annapolis]], [[caput]] Terrae Mariae (''Annapolis'')
* [[Atlanta]], [[caput]] Georgiae (''Atlanta'')
* [[Augusta]], [[caput]] Cenomannicae (''Augusta'')
* [[Augustinia]], [[caput]] Texiae (''Austin'')

=== B ===
* [[Bismarcopolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Septentrionalis (''Bismarck'')
* [[Bostonia]], [[caput]] Massachusetae (''Boston'')

=== C ===
* [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]], [[caput]] Illinoesiae (''Springfield'')
* [[Cantabrigia iuxta Flumen Carolanum|Cantabrigia]], Massachusseta (''Cambridge'')
* [[Carolopolis]], Carolinae Meridionalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Virginia Occidentalis)|Carolopolis]], [[caput]] Virginia Occidentalis (''Charleston'')
* [[Carolopolis (Massachusetta)|Carolopolis]], vicus storicus Bostoniae, Massachusettae (''Charlestown'')
* [[Carsonia]], [[caput]] Nivitae (''Carson City'')
* [[Cheyenna]], [[caput]] Vyominae (''Cheyenne'')
* [[Columbia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Meridionalis (''Columbia'')
* [[Columbopolis]], [[caput]] Ohii (''Columbus'')
* [[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)|Concordia]], [[caput]] Novae Hantescriae (''Concord'')

=== D ===
* [[Didacopolis, California|Didacopolis]] (''San Diego'')
* [[Denverium]], [[caput]] Colorati (''Denver'')
* [[Dubris (Delavaria)|Dubris]], [[caput]] Delaveriae (''Dover'')

=== F ===
* [[Francofurtum]], [[caput]] Kentukiae (''Frankfort'')

=== H ===
* [[Hardifordia]], [[caput]] Connecticutae (''Hartford'')
* [[Harrisburgum]], [[caput]] Pennsilvaniae (''Harrisburg'')
* [[Helenopolis]], [[caput]] Montanae (''Helena'')
* [[Honolulum]], [[caput]] Havaiorum (''Honolulu'')

=== I ===
* [[Iacsonia]], [[caput]] Mississippiae (''Jackson'')
* [[Ieffersonia]], [[caput]] Missuriae (''Jefferson City'')
* [[Indianapolis]], [[caput]] Indianae (''Indianapolis'')
* [[Iunellum]], [[caput]] Alascae (''Juneau'')

=== L ===
* [[Lansinga]], [[caput]] Michiganiae (''Lansing'')
* [[Las Vegas]] sive Campi, (''Las Vegas'')
* [[Lincolnia]], [[caput]] Nebrascae (''Lincoln'')

=== M ===
* [[Madisonia]], [[caput]] Visconsiniae (''Madison'')
* [[Memphis Tennesia|Memphis]] (''Memphis'')
* [[Milvauchia]] (''Milwaukee'')
* [[Monachopolis]], [[caput]] Iovae (''Des Moines'')
* [[Mons Gomerici]], [[caput]] Alabamae (''Montgomery'')
* [[Mons Pessulanus]], [[caput]] Montis Viridis (''Montpelier'')

=== N ===
* [[Nasburgum]], [[caput]] Tennesiae (''Nashville'')

=== O ===
* [[Oclahoma Urbs]], [[caput]] Oclahoma (''Oklahoma City'')
* [[Olympia (Vasingtonia)|Olympia]], [[caput]] Vasingtoniae (''Olympia'')

=== P ===
* [[Petricula]], [[caput]] Arcansiae (''Little Rock'')
* [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]], [[caput]] Dacotae Meridionalis (''Pierre'')
* [[Phoenix]], [[caput]] Arizonae (''Phoenix'')
* [[Portlandia]], aut in Cenomannica aut in Oregonia (''Portland'')
* [[Providentia (Rhodensis Insula)]], [[caput]] Rhodensis Insulae, (''Providence'')

=== R ===
* [[Raleia]], [[caput]] Carolinae Septentrionalis (''Raleigh'')
* [[Ricmondia]], [[caput]] Virginiae (''Richmond'')
* [[Rubrobastum]], [[caput]] Ludovicianae (''Baton Rouge'')

=== S ===
* [[Sacramentum]], [[caput]] Californiae (''Sacramento'')
* [[Salem]], [[caput]] Oregoniae (''Salem'')
* [[Sancta Fides]], [[caput]] Novi Mexici (''Santa Fe'')
* [[Sanctus Franciscus, California|Sanctus Franciscus]], (''San Francisco'')
* [[Urbs Sancti Ludovici|Sanctus Ludovicus]] (''Missouriae'')
* [[Sanctus Paulus]], [[caput]] Minnesotae (''St. Paul'')
* [[Seattlum]] (''Seattle'')
* [[Sicagum]] sive Chicagonia (''Chicago'')

=== T ===
* [[Tallahassia]], [[caput]] Floridae (''Tallahassee'')
* [[Topeca]], [[caput]] Cansiae (''Topeka'')
* [[Trentonia]], [[caput]] Novae Caesareae (''Trenton'')

=== U ===
* [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]], [[caput]] Utae (''Salt Lake City'')

=== V ===
* [[Vigornia (America)|Vigornia]] (Worcester)

=== X ===
* [[Xylopolis]], [[caput]] Idahi (''Boise'')

{{Nexus carentes}}

[[Categoria:Indices locorum|Civitates foedaratae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Civitatum Foederatarum]]</text>
      <sha1>i7sq81tui5fg3ja9ox52o54cqra2v62</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oculus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993540</id>
      <parentid>3992805</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T15:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bibliographia */</comment>
      <origin>3993540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3127" sha1="2bf8yzfubpgli4uojdgi5yvgeas6dgq" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{cautio}}
[[Fasciculus:Green_Eye.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Oculus humanus]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Bison bonasus right eye close-up.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Oculus [[bison]]is (''[[Bison bonasus|Bisonis bonasi]]'').]]
'''Oculus''' {{victio|Oculus|i|m}}, vel '''bulbus oculi''', est [[organum (biologia)|organum]] [[visus]] multorum generum [[species|specierum]] [[biologia|biologicarum]], saepissime specierum [[intellegentia|intellegentium]], [[animal]]ium, atque [[insectum|insectorum]]. Iacet in [[orbita (anatomia)|orbita]], quae est [[spatium]] [[os (ossis)|osseum]] iuxta [[nasus|nasum]], quod [[canalis opticus|canali optico]] cum [[cavum cranii|cavo cranii]] communicat. Oculi [[retina (anatomia)|retina]], [[systema visuale|systematis visualis]] pars prima, in [[nervus opticus|nervum opticum]] transit.

[[Natura]] oculos membranis vestit et saepit, quae sunt haec tres:
# externa oculi tunica, sive fibrosa, quia e [[cornea]] [[Sclera|sclera]]que facta est
# [[Uvea (oculus)|media oculi tunica, sive vasculosa, etiam uvea appellata]], quae continet [[musculus ciliaris|musculum ciliarem]], [[choroidea|choroideam]], [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]
# interna oculi tunica, seu [[retina (anatomia)|retina]]&lt;ref&gt;T. Axenfeld et H. Pau, ''Lehrbuch und Atlas der Augenheilkunde'' ([[Stutgardia]]e: Fischer Verlag, 1920).&lt;/ref&gt;
Intra tunicas sunt [[corpus vitreum]] et [[Lens (anatomia)|lens]] et camerae posterior et anterior.

Oculus etiam alia organa habet, quae quasi ancillae sunt: [[glandula]]m [[lacrimae|lacrimalem]], sex [[musculi|musculos]] bulbi, et binas [[palpebra]]s.

[[Disciplina]] [[medicina|medica]] quae oculorum mala et [[morbus|morbos]] velut adnexa eorum examinat tractatque [[ophthalmologia]] est.

==In mythologia==
In [[mythologia Aegyptia]], [[Oculus Rae]] est [[animal|res]] quae responsum [[femina (sexus)|femininum]] eius fungitur et [[vis]] vehemens quae eius hostes nocet, et [[Oculus Hori]], [[signum]] tutelae, [[potestas (socialis et politicus)|potestatis]] [[rex|regiae]] et [[valetudo|sanitatis bonae]]. Et in [[mythologia Graeca]] gigas [[Argus (gigas)|Argus]] cuius caput centrum oculis cingebatur erat.

==In litteris==
[[Sauron]], [[persona]] mala in [[Legendarium Tolkien|Legendario Tolkieniano]], [[turris|turrim]] habet quo eius oculus, Oculus Sauronis, homines videre potest cum [[Unus Anulus|Unum Anulum]] gerat.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|3}}
* [[Anatomia]]
* [[Anisometropia]]
* [[Anulus ocularis]]
* [[Ars oculorum]]
* [[Lens (anatomia)]]
* [[Lens inserticia]]
* [[Perspicillum]]
* [[Ophthalmologia]]
* [[Palpebra]]
* [[Sensus (biologia)]]
* [[Telangiectasia]]
* [[Visus]]
{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Ali, Mohamed Ather, et M. A. Klyne. [[1985]]. ''Vision in Vertebrates.'' Novi Eboraci: Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-42065-1.
* Yong, Ed. [[2016]]. &quot;Inside the Eye: Nature's Most Exquisite Creation.&quot; ''National Geographic,'' 14 Ianuarii 2016. [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/evolution-of-eyes-text Textus interretialis.]

[[Categoria:Anatomia]]
[[Categoria:Oculus|!]]
[[Categoria:Systema visuale]]
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
      <sha1>2bf8yzfubpgli4uojdgi5yvgeas6dgq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Torontum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11241</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993551</id>
      <parentid>3825863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T18:48:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2884" sha1="qntykqpit1fzm3330rwent12qrof596" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
{{res|Torontum}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Kirchenlatein|787.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Torontum, -i&quot; et vb. adiect. &quot;Torontinus&quot;: ''[https://archive.org/stream/NewsInLatinByReijoPitkaerantaAndTuomoPekkanen2005To2012/LatinitasModernaNuntiiLatiniLatinNews_djvu.txt Nuntii Latini]''&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Torontinum'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Torontinum; [vb. adiect.?] Torontinus&quot;: {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latine et &quot;Toronto&quot;: vide e.g. radicem ''Toronton-'' [[Nomen adiectivum|adiectivi]] ''Torontonensis'', quod invenimus in nomine [[Universitas Torontonensis|Universitatis Torontonensis]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Toronto'') est maxima [[urbs]] in [[Canada]] et [[caput provinciale]] [[Ontario]]nis. Saeculo XVII exeunte conditum, ab anno 1788 ad 1824 &quot;Eboracum&quot; (''York'') nominabantur.

[[Toronto International Film Festival|Feriae Pellicularum Internationales Torontini]], sollemnia [[cinematographia|cinematographica]], Torontini mense [[September|Septembri]] quotannis celebrantur.

Praefectus urbi [[Olivia Chow]] est.

== De ecclesia catholica Torontini sita ==
[[Fasciculus:Toronto 1894large.jpg|thumb|Tabula [[Geographia|geographica]] Torontinum anno [[1894]] descripsit.]]
Torontinum est sedes [[archiepiscopus|archiepiscopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Archidioecesis Torontina|(Archidioecesis Torontina)]]. Praesens archiepiscopus est [[Thomas Christophorus Collins]].

== Loca visitanda ==
[[Turris CN]] est [[caeliscalpium]] altissimum in urbe sita.

== Incolae notabiles ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Maria Pickford]], [[actrix]] cinematographica (1892 - 1979)

=== Mortui ===
* [[Georgius Bernardus Flahiff]] (1905-1989), [[archiepiscopus]] Vinnipegae
* [[Ericus Bruhn]] (1928 - 1986), [[saltator]] et [[choreographus]] [[Dania|Danicus]]
* [[Robertus Bruce Ford]] (1969 - 2016), urbis Toronti praefectus ab anno 2010 usque ad annum 2014

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Block, Niko. [[2017]]. &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/03/toronto-hidden-history-how-city-built-mining Toronto's buried history: the dark story of how mining built a city.]&quot; ''[[The Guardian]],'' 3 Martii 2017.
* Donnelly, Brandon, [[2014]]. &quot;[http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/jul/08/urbanists-guide-toronto-vibrant-constantly-changing The urbanist's guide to Toronto: ‘a city on the rise can get messy.]&quot; ''[[The Guardian]],'' 8 Iulii 2014.
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060103123419/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0008050 Toronto.]&quot; In ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' {{Ling|Anglice}}.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Toronto|Torontum}}
{{fontes geographici}}
{{Coord|43|38|53.02|N|79|24|15.01|W|display=title}}
* [http://www.toronto.ca/ Situs interretialis urbis proprius.]
 
{{Urbes Americae Septentrionalis maximae}}

[[Categoria:Torontum|!]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Canadae]]
{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
      <sha1>qntykqpit1fzm3330rwent12qrof596</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1984 (liber)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12474</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993520</id>
      <parentid>3964991</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:03:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>1422</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:1984_fictitious_world_map.png]] pro File:1984_fictious_world_map.png. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Typo fix.</comment>
      <origin>3993520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2596" sha1="4a2ctlallsfmifroyzxlvuwp8sfsyt8" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:1984 fictitious world map.png|thumb|left|Civitates orbis terrarum sicut in libro descriptae sunt nomine [[Oceania (1984)|Oceania]] [[color]]e [[Puniceus|Puniceo]], [[Eurasia (1984)|Eurasia]] colore [[Fuchsia (color)|Maxentio]], [[Eastasia (1984)|Eastasia]] colore [[Chlorus|chloro]] et [[regio]] inter civitates magnas bello perpetuo disputata colore [[Aureolus|aureolo]].]]

{{ores|Nineteen Eighty-Four}} (MCMLXXXIV vel “Anno millesimo nongentesimo octogesimo quarto”) est [[liber]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dystopia|dystopica|en|qid=Q180774}} a [[Georgius Orwell|Georgio Orwell]] scriptus et die [[8 Iunii]] anno [[1949]] editus. Nomen 1984 Orwell eo invenit quod numeros 4 et 8 in anni numero 1948 mutavit. 

Res aguntur anno [[1984]] in [[Oceania (1984)|Oceania]] praeter quam magnam civitatem a [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] derivatam duae aliae et persimiles sunt nomine [[Eurasia (1984)|Eurasia]] ab [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] derivata et [[Eastasia (1984)|Eastasia]] (scilicet “Asia Orientalis”) a [[Sina]] derivata. [[Britannia Magna]] hoc in mundo “[[Castrum]] Terrestre I” appellatur et ad Oceaniam pertinet. 

[[Dictator]] omnipotens Oceaniam subiecit, cuius [[nomen]] est “[[Frater Maior]]”. Frater Maior est vir qui inspicit omnia. Sententia eius est : “Frater Maior te custodit/inspicit (watching, [[anglice]])”. Frater Maior et incolae Oceaniae Nova Lingua sive “Novloc” vel Anglice [[Newspeak]] loquuntur, quae [[lingua]] est arte facta et ab [[Anglice|Anglica]] lingua derivata. Lingua ''Newspeak'' efficit ut homines non bene cogitare possint nisi res quae Fratri Maiori placeant.

== Bibliographia ==
* Dorian Lynskey, “[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/19/how-george-orwell-wrote-nineteen-eighty-four-dorian-lynskey ‘He typed in bed in his dressing gown’: how Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four]” in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (19 Maii 2019)
* Vanessa Thorpe, “[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/nov/27/george-orwell-how-romantic-walks-with-girlfriends-inspired-nineteen-eighty-four George Orwell: how romantic walks with girlfriends inspired Nineteen Eighty-Four]” in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (27 Novembris 2021)

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/orwellg-nineteeneightyfour/orwellg-nineteeneightyfour-00-h.html Textus] (in [[Canada]] liberatus) apud ''Project Gutenberg''

[[Categoria:Litterae utopicae]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]]
[[Categoria:Angliae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1949]]

{{Myrias|Ars}}</text>
      <sha1>4a2ctlallsfmifroyzxlvuwp8sfsyt8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993539</id>
      <parentid>3993520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T15:12:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~ (10K)</comment>
      <origin>3993539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2691" sha1="4464nzur6yd6x849fyamr0pi2ardn12" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:1984 fictitious world map.png|thumb|left|Civitates orbis terrarum sicut in libro descriptae sunt nomine [[Oceania (1984)|Oceania]] [[color]]e [[Puniceus|Puniceo]], [[Eurasia (1984)|Eurasia]] colore [[Fuchsia (color)|Maxentio]], [[Eastasia (1984)|Eastasia]] colore [[Chlorus|chloro]] et [[regio]] inter civitates magnas bello perpetuo disputata colore [[Aureolus|aureolo]].]]

{{ores|Nineteen Eighty-Four}} (''MCMLXXXIV,'' vel ''Annus millesimus nongentesimus octogesimus quartus'') est [[liber]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|dystopia|dystopica|en|qid=Q180774}} a [[Georgius Orwell|Georgio Orwell]] scriptus et die [[8 Iunii]] anno [[1949]] editus. Nomen ''1984'' Orwell excogitavit quod [[numerus|numeri]] [[4 (numerus)|4]] et [[8 (numerus)|8]] in anni numero [[1948]] mutatur. 

Res aguntur anno [[1984]] in [[Oceania (1984)|Oceania]], [[mundus|mundo]] [[fictio|ficto]] praeter quam magnam civitatem a [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] derivatam duae aliae et persimiles sunt nomine [[Eurasia (1984)|Eurasia]] ab [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] derivata et [[Eastasia (1984)|Eastasia]] (scilicet “Asia Orientalis”) a [[Sina]] derivata. [[Britannia Magna]] hoc in mundo “[[Castrum]] Terrestre I” appellatur et ad Oceaniam pertinet. 

[[Dictator]] omnipotens Oceaniam subiecit, cuius [[nomen]] est “[[Frater Maior]]”. Frater Maior est vir qui inspicit omnia. Sententia eius est : “Frater Maior te custodit/inspicit (watching, [[Anglice]])”. Frater Maior et incolae Oceaniae Nova Lingua sive “Novloc” vel Anglice [[Newspeak]] loquuntur, quae [[lingua]] est arte facta et ab [[Anglice|Anglica]] lingua derivata. Lingua ''Newspeak'' efficit ut homines non bene cogitare possint nisi res quae Fratri Maiori placeant.

== Bibliographia ==
* Dorian Lynskey, “[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/19/how-george-orwell-wrote-nineteen-eighty-four-dorian-lynskey ‘He typed in bed in his dressing gown’: how Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four]” in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (19 Maii 2019)
* Vanessa Thorpe, “[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/nov/27/george-orwell-how-romantic-walks-with-girlfriends-inspired-nineteen-eighty-four George Orwell: how romantic walks with girlfriends inspired Nineteen Eighty-Four]” in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (27 Novembris 2021)

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/orwellg-nineteeneightyfour/orwellg-nineteeneightyfour-00-h.html Textus] (in [[Canada]] liberatus) apud ''Project Gutenberg''

[[Categoria:Angliae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]]
[[Categoria:Litterae utopicae]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1949]]

{{Myrias|Ars}}</text>
      <sha1>4464nzur6yd6x849fyamr0pi2ardn12</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Niccolum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12869</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993611</id>
      <parentid>3943863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T03:58:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993611</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5172" sha1="4ru6ie1eq72x5f7l733axekndcy20q7" xml:space="preserve">{{Elementa caput | numerus atomicus=28 | symbolus=Ni | nomen=niccolum
 | sinister=[[cobaltum]] | dexter=[[cuprum]] | super=&lt;!-- [[Aluminium|Al]] --&gt;| sub=[[palladium|Pd]]
 | color1=#fcc | color2=black }} 
|}
'''Niccolum'''&lt;ref&gt;Peter van der Krogt, &quot;[http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/list_element.php?language=la&amp;sort=A Elementa chemica]&quot; apud situm ''Elementymology &amp; Elements Multidict''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Anthon Ernest Frédéric, ''Manuel de synonymie chimico-pharmaceutique ou nomenclature de toutes les dénominations latines, allemandes et françaises des produits chimiques et matières premières médicinales'', J. Rotschild, Librairie de la Société botanique de France, 1862, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=Wj9eAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA295 p. 295].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''nichelium'''&lt;ref&gt;''Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino''&lt;/ref&gt; est [[elementum]] [[Metallum|metallicum]] [[Metalla transitionis|transitionis]] cui sunt [[numerus atomicus]] '''28''' et nota '''Ni'''. In [[Grex (systema periodicum)|grege]] decimo et [[Periodus (systema periodicum)|periodo]] quarta [[systema periodicum|systematis periodici]] ponitur. Eius [[massa atomica]] 58,69 valet (31 [[Neutron|neutrones]] et 28 [[Proton|protones]])  et eius configuratio electronica notatur 3d&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;4s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. 

== De proprietatibus chemicis ==
Niccolum purum est metallum durum et [[Ferromagnetismus|ferromagneticum]], [[Argenteus|argenteo]] colore. Temperatura qua [[liquidum]] fit: 1455 [[Gradus Celsianus|gradus Celsiani]]. Qua [[gas]] fit: 2150 gradus Celsiani. Massa per volumen: 8,91g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Gradus oxidationis solitus: +2. Quinque isotopi stabiles in natura invenuntur:  &lt;sup&gt;58&lt;/sup&gt;Ni, &lt;sup&gt;60&lt;/sup&gt;Ni, &lt;sup&gt;61&lt;/sup&gt;Ni, &lt;sup&gt;62&lt;/sup&gt;Ni et &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Ni e quibus maxime abundat niccolum-58. Niccolum [[Electricitas|electricitatem]] et calorem bene ducit.

Quod si elementorum frequentiam ex massa respicias niccolum quintum locum in [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] obtinere putatur, secundum vero post [[ferrum]] in [[Nucleus Telluris interior|nucleo interiore]] et [[Nucleus Telluris exterior|exteriore.]]

== De purificatione ==
Niccolum in corporibus compositis ut [[Sulphur|sulphidis]] aut [[Silicium|silicatibus]] invenitur unde industrialiter purificatur. Primo aes niccolum continens in aëre calefaciunt ita ut oxidum niccoli(II) fiat a quo deinde metallum purum sive per [[Electrolysis|electrolysim]] extrahunt sive per [[Reactio chemica|reactionem]] cum [[Hydrogenium|hydrogenio]] infrascriptam:
: NiO(s) + H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(g) →  Ni(s) + H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O(g)
Altera ratione omnes impuritates residuae tolluntur: per monoxydum carbonii fit tetracarbonylum,
: Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) →  Ni(CO)&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;(g)
Hoc corpus liquidum iam a 43 [[Gradus Celsianus|gradibus Celsianis]] [[Ebullitio|ebullit]] ita ut metallum purum facile per [[Destillatio|destillationem]] separetur&lt;ref&gt;[https://fr.scienceaq.com/Chemistry/1001255800.html Science:] quomodo niccolum extrahatur et purificetur.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De usu humano ==
[[Fasciculus:Nickel2.jpg|thumb|Nummi [[Nederlandia|Nederlandici]] e puro niccolo.]]
Niccolum in primis in [[Mixtura metallica|mixturis metallicis]] adhibetur ut in [[Aciarium|aciariis]] non oxidabilibus aut [[Cuprum|cupro]] mixtum in hodiernis [[Nummus|nummis]] (tres partes cupri, singula pars niccoli). Rarius fuerunt nummi e puro niccolo. In [[Accumulatrum electricum|accumulatris]] quoque invenitur cum [[Cadmium|cadmio]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.y-ic.fr/blog/how-nickel-cadmium-batteries-work-composition-properties-and-operation.html De accumulatris niccolum-cadmium].&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ut [[Catalysis|catalyzator]] [[Hydrogenium|hydrogenationis]] quoque adhibetur praecipue in [[Oleum (generale)|oleis]] [[Vegetabilia|vegetabilibus]] hydrogenandis hoc est saturandis ad [[Margarinum|margarinum]] efficiendum: quod si vestigia niccoli tamen remanent [[Allergia|allergiae]] periculum cavendum est&lt;ref&gt;B. Krebs, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/25754899/Direct_determination_of_nickel_in_margarine Direct determination of nickel in margarine]&quot;, ''Z. Anal. Chem'', 1987: 388–38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sales niccoli colores varios praebent.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* Jérôme Blaizot, ''[https://theses.hal.science/tel-01597744/file/these.pdf Etude de l’influence des procédés de fabrication sur les propriétés mécaniques des alliages de nickel]'',  Université de Lyon, 2016
*Samuel Buxton, Emily Garman, Katherine E. Heim, Tara Lyons-Darden, Christian E. Schlekat, Michael D. Taylor, Adriana R. Oller. &quot;[https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/7/7/89 Concise Review of Nickel Human Health Toxicology and Ecotoxicology]&quot;, ''Inorganics'', 2019, 7(7), 89.

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nickel niccolum] pertinent
* [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/028.htm Hoc elementum] apud ''Patreon: periodic videos''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260117002219/https://www.cancer-environnement.fr/fiches/expositions-environnementales/nickel-et-ses-composes/ Centre Léon Bérard] de cancrologia
{{Elementa chemica}}
{{Myrias|Physica}}

[[Categoria:Elementa chemica]]
[[Categoria:Metalla transitionis]]</text>
      <sha1>4ru6ie1eq72x5f7l733axekndcy20q7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ansibarium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13293</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993657</id>
      <parentid>3805134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993657</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2237" sha1="pdxgofvwh890nxsybenypqib1qw0tta" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Osnabrück marktplatz.jpg|thumb|Forum.]]
'''Ansibarium'''&lt;ref&gt;Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Asnebruggi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Hasae Pons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Hasaepons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu ''' seu '''Osnabruga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Osnabrugga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnabruggae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnaburga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnaburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnobrogae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnobrogga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'') est vetustissima [[urbs]] [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e, [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circuli Osnabrugae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et a 163 800 hominibus inhabitatur. Hic est sedes [[dioecesis Osnabrugensis]].

== ''Pumpernickel'' ==
Fama fert cum cives olim fame et inopia premerentur, magistratus panem nomine Latino [[bonum paniculum|boni paniculi]] coqui curavit. Quod nomen Latinum populus in ''Pumpernickel'' mutavit.  

== Res gestae ==
* Prope Ansibarium verisimiliter hodierna opinione [[Clades Variana]] fuit.

== Filii ==
*[[Ericus Maria Remarque]], scriptor

== [[Ecclesia Catholica]] ==
Osnabruga sedes [[episcopus|episcopalis]] est, cui praeest nunc [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] [[episcopus]].

== Nota ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{Communia|Osnabrück|Ansibarium}}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Osnabruga| ]]
[[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]]
[[categoria:Sedes episcopales Germaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>pdxgofvwh890nxsybenypqib1qw0tta</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993658</id>
      <parentid>3993657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2229" sha1="mn080eq7mcfbeyjsvjgdozhkm8zq6f0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Osnabrück marktplatz.jpg|thumb|Forum.]]
'''Ansibarium'''&lt;ref&gt;Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Asnebruggi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Hasae Pons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Hasaepons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnabruga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Osnabrugga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnabruggae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnaburga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnaburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnobrogae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; seu '''Osnobrogga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'') est vetustissima [[urbs]] [[Germania|Germanica]] in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e, [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circuli Osnabrugae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et a 163 800 hominibus inhabitatur. Hic est sedes [[dioecesis Osnabrugensis]].

== ''Pumpernickel'' ==
Fama fert cum cives olim fame et inopia premerentur, magistratus panem nomine Latino [[bonum paniculum|boni paniculi]] coqui curavit. Quod nomen Latinum populus in ''Pumpernickel'' mutavit.  

== Res gestae ==
* Prope Ansibarium verisimiliter hodierna opinione [[Clades Variana]] fuit.

== Filii ==
*[[Ericus Maria Remarque]], scriptor

== [[Ecclesia Catholica]] ==
Osnabruga sedes [[episcopus|episcopalis]] est, cui praeest nunc [[Franciscus Iosephus Bode]] [[episcopus]].

== Nota ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{Communia|Osnabrück|Ansibarium}}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Osnabruga| ]]
[[Categoria:Urbes hanseaticae]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]]
[[categoria:Sedes episcopales Germaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>mn080eq7mcfbeyjsvjgdozhkm8zq6f0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index capitum civitatum Americae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13381</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993634</id>
      <parentid>3861142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:53:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2449" sha1="7ncriwpnxw1a05e4uzfi4yq97s9ljc9" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| '''Civitas'''
| '''Caput'''
|-
| [[Alabama]]
| [[Mons Gomerici]]
|-
| [[Alasca]]
| [[Iunellum]]
|-
| [[Arizona]]
| [[Phoenix (Arizona)|Phoenix]]
|-
| [[Arcansia]]
| [[Petricula]]
|-
| [[California]]
| [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]]
|-
| [[Cansia]]
| [[Topeca]]
|-
| [[Carolina Meridionalis]]
| [[Columbia (Carolina Meridionalis)|Columbia]]
|-
| [[Carolina Septentrionalis]]
| [[Raleia]]
|-
| [[Cenomannica]]
| [[Augusta]]
|-
| [[Coloratum]]
| [[Denverium]]
|-
| [[Connecticuta]]
| [[Hartfordia]]
|-
| [[Dacota Meridionalis]]
| [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]]
|-
| [[Dacota Septentrionalis]]
| [[Bismarcopolis]]
|-
| [[Delevaria]]
| [[Dubris]]
|-
| [[Florida]]
| [[Tallahassia]]
|-
| [[Georgia USA|Georgia]]
| [[Atlanta]]
|-
| [[Havaii]]
| [[Honolulum]]
|-
| [[Idahum]]
| [[Xylopolis]]
|-
| [[Illinoesia]]
| [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]]
|-
| [[Indiana]]
| [[Indianapolis]]
|-
| [[Iova]]
| [[Monachopolis]]
|-
| [[Kentukia]]
| [[Francofurtum (Kentukia)|Francofurtum]]
|-
| [[Ludoviciana]]
| [[Rubrobastum]]
|-
| [[Massachusseta]]
| [[Bostonia]]
|-
| [[Michigania]]
| [[Lansinga]]
|-
| [[Minnesota]]
| [[Sanctus Paulus, Minnesota|Sanctus Paulus]]
|-
| [[Mississippia]]
| [[Iacsonia]]
|-
| [[Missuria]]
| [[Ieffersonia]]
|-
| [[Mons Viridis]]
| [[Mons Pessulanus]]
|-
| [[Montana]]
| [[Helenopolis]]
|-
| [[Nebrasca]]
| [[Lincolnia, Nebrasca|Lincolnia]]
|-
| [[Nivata]]
| [[Carsonia]]
|-
| [[Nova Hantescira]]
| [[Concordia (Nova Hantescira|Concordia]]
|-
| [[Nova Caesarea]]
| [[Trentonia]]
|-
| [[Novum Eboracum]]
| [[Albanum]]
|-
| [[Novum Mexicum]]
| [[Sanctae Fidei fanum (CFA)|Sanctae Fidei fanum]]
|-
| [[Oclahoma]]
| [[Oclahoma Urbs]]
|-
| [[Ohium]]
| [[Columbopolis]]
|-
| [[Oregonia]]
| [[Salem]]
|-
| [[Pennsilvania]]
| [[Harrisburgum]]
|-
| [[Rhodensis Insula]]
| [[Providentia, Rhodensis Insulae|Providentia]]
|-
| [[Tennesia]]
| [[Nasburgum]]
|-
| [[Terra Mariae]]
| [[Annapolis]]
|-
| [[Texia]]
| [[Austinopolis]]
|-
| [[Uta]]
| [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]]
|-
| [[Vasintonia]]
| [[Olympia]]
|-
| [[Virginia]]
| [[Ricmondia]]
|-
| [[Virginia Occidentalis]]
| [[Carolopolis]]
|-
| [[Visconsinia]]
| [[Madisonia]]
|-
| [[Vyomina]]
| [[Cheyenna]]
|}

Vide etiam [[Index locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae|indicem locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]].

[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Civitatum Foederatarum|!]]
[[Categoria:Indices urbium|Civitates Foederatae]]</text>
      <sha1>7ncriwpnxw1a05e4uzfi4yq97s9ljc9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993638</id>
      <parentid>3993634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:55:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993638</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2448" sha1="e1dqtp2xoztap2z94tzdxurd566wywe" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| '''Civitas'''
| '''Caput'''
|-
| [[Alabama]]
| [[Mons Gomerici]]
|-
| [[Alasca]]
| [[Iunellum]]
|-
| [[Arizona]]
| [[Phoenix (Arizona)|Phoenix]]
|-
| [[Arcansia]]
| [[Petricula]]
|-
| [[California]]
| [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]]
|-
| [[Cansia]]
| [[Topeca]]
|-
| [[Carolina Meridionalis]]
| [[Columbia (Carolina Meridionalis)|Columbia]]
|-
| [[Carolina Septentrionalis]]
| [[Raleia]]
|-
| [[Cenomannica]]
| [[Augusta]]
|-
| [[Coloratum]]
| [[Denverium]]
|-
| [[Connecticuta]]
| [[Hartfordia]]
|-
| [[Dacota Meridionalis]]
| [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]]
|-
| [[Dacota Septentrionalis]]
| [[Bismarcopolis]]
|-
| [[Delevaria]]
| [[Dubris]]
|-
| [[Florida]]
| [[Tallahassia]]
|-
| [[Georgia USA|Georgia]]
| [[Atlanta]]
|-
| [[Havaii]]
| [[Honolulum]]
|-
| [[Idahum]]
| [[Xylopolis]]
|-
| [[Illinoesia]]
| [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]]
|-
| [[Indiana]]
| [[Indianapolis]]
|-
| [[Iova]]
| [[Monachopolis]]
|-
| [[Kentukia]]
| [[Francofurtum (Kentukia)|Francofurtum]]
|-
| [[Ludoviciana]]
| [[Rubrobastum]]
|-
| [[Massachusseta]]
| [[Bostonia]]
|-
| [[Michigania]]
| [[Lansinga]]
|-
| [[Minnesota]]
| [[Sanctus Paulus, Minnesota|Sanctus Paulus]]
|-
| [[Mississippia]]
| [[Iacsonia]]
|-
| [[Missuria]]
| [[Ieffersonia]]
|-
| [[Mons Viridis]]
| [[Mons Pessulanus]]
|-
| [[Montana]]
| [[Helenopolis]]
|-
| [[Nebrasca]]
| [[Lincolnia, Nebrasca|Lincolnia]]
|-
| [[Nivata]]
| [[Carsonia]]
|-
| [[Nova Hantescira]]
| [[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)|Concordia]]
|-
| [[Nova Caesarea]]
| [[Trentonia]]
|-
| [[Novum Eboracum]]
| [[Albanum]]
|-
| [[Novum Mexicum]]
| [[Sanctae Fidei fanum (CFA)|Sanctae Fidei fanum]]
|-
| [[Oclahoma]]
| [[Oclahoma Urbs]]
|-
| [[Ohium]]
| [[Columbopolis]]
|-
| [[Oregonia]]
| [[Salem]]
|-
| [[Pennsilvania]]
| [[Harrisburgum]]
|-
| [[Rhodensis Insula]]
| [[Providentia, Rhodensis Insulae|Providentia]]
|-
| [[Tennesia]]
| [[Nasburgum]]
|-
| [[Terra Mariae]]
| [[Annapolis]]
|-
| [[Texia]]
| [[Austinopolis]]
|-
| [[Uta]]
| [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]]
|-
| [[Vasintonia]]
| [[Olympia]]
|-
| [[Virginia]]
| [[Ricmondia]]
|-
| [[Virginia Occidentalis]]
| [[Carolopolis]]
|-
| [[Visconsinia]]
| [[Madisonia]]
|-
| [[Vyomina]]
| [[Cheyenna]]
|}

Vide etiam [[Index locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae|indicem locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]].

[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Civitatum Foederatarum|!]]
[[Categoria:Indices urbium|Civitates Foederatae]]</text>
      <sha1>e1dqtp2xoztap2z94tzdxurd566wywe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993670</id>
      <parentid>3993638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:24:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993670</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2470" sha1="8l1aucwjxi7npf3fc7o30ovjptoh9jv" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| '''Civitas'''
| '''Caput'''
|-
| [[Alabama]]
| [[Mons Gomerici]]
|-
| [[Alasca]]
| [[Iunellum]]
|-
| [[Arizona]]
| [[Phoenix (Arizona)|Phoenix]]
|-
| [[Arcansia]]
| [[Petricula]]
|-
| [[California]]
| [[Sacramentum (California)|Sacramentum]]
|-
| [[Cansia]]
| [[Topeca]]
|-
| [[Carolina Meridionalis]]
| [[Columbia (Carolina Meridionalis)|Columbia]]
|-
| [[Carolina Septentrionalis]]
| [[Raleia]]
|-
| [[Cenomannica]]
| [[Augusta (Cenomannica)|Augusta]]
|-
| [[Coloratum]]
| [[Denverium]]
|-
| [[Connecticuta]]
| [[Hartfordia]]
|-
| [[Dacota Meridionalis]]
| [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)|Petropolis]]
|-
| [[Dacota Septentrionalis]]
| [[Bismarcopolis]]
|-
| [[Delevaria]]
| [[Dubris]]
|-
| [[Florida]]
| [[Tallahassia]]
|-
| [[Georgia USA|Georgia]]
| [[Atlanta]]
|-
| [[Havaii]]
| [[Honolulum]]
|-
| [[Idahum]]
| [[Xylopolis]]
|-
| [[Illinoesia]]
| [[Campifons (Illinoesia)|Campifons]]
|-
| [[Indiana]]
| [[Indianapolis]]
|-
| [[Iova]]
| [[Monachopolis]]
|-
| [[Kentukia]]
| [[Francofurtum (Kentukia)|Francofurtum]]
|-
| [[Ludoviciana]]
| [[Rubrobastum]]
|-
| [[Massachusseta]]
| [[Bostonia]]
|-
| [[Michigania]]
| [[Lansinga]]
|-
| [[Minnesota]]
| [[Sanctus Paulus, Minnesota|Sanctus Paulus]]
|-
| [[Mississippia]]
| [[Iacsonia]]
|-
| [[Missuria]]
| [[Ieffersonia]]
|-
| [[Mons Viridis]]
| [[Mons Pessulanus]]
|-
| [[Montana]]
| [[Helenopolis]]
|-
| [[Nebrasca]]
| [[Lincolnia, Nebrasca|Lincolnia]]
|-
| [[Nivata]]
| [[Carsonia]]
|-
| [[Nova Hantescira]]
| [[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)|Concordia]]
|-
| [[Nova Caesarea]]
| [[Trentonia]]
|-
| [[Novum Eboracum]]
| [[Albanum]]
|-
| [[Novum Mexicum]]
| [[Sanctae Fidei fanum (CFA)|Sanctae Fidei fanum]]
|-
| [[Oclahoma]]
| [[Oclahoma Urbs]]
|-
| [[Ohium]]
| [[Columbopolis]]
|-
| [[Oregonia]]
| [[Salem]]
|-
| [[Pennsilvania]]
| [[Harrisburgum]]
|-
| [[Rhodensis Insula]]
| [[Providentia, Rhodensis Insulae|Providentia]]
|-
| [[Tennesia]]
| [[Nasburgum]]
|-
| [[Terra Mariae]]
| [[Annapolis]]
|-
| [[Texia]]
| [[Austinopolis]]
|-
| [[Uta]]
| [[Urbs Lacus Salsi]]
|-
| [[Vasintonia]]
| [[Olympia]]
|-
| [[Virginia]]
| [[Ricmondia]]
|-
| [[Virginia Occidentalis]]
| [[Carolopolis]]
|-
| [[Visconsinia]]
| [[Madisonia]]
|-
| [[Vyomina]]
| [[Cheyenna]]
|}

Vide etiam [[Index locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae|indicem locorum in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]].

[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Civitatum Foederatarum|!]]
[[Categoria:Indices urbium|Civitates Foederatae]]</text>
      <sha1>8l1aucwjxi7npf3fc7o30ovjptoh9jv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Praemium Nobelianum litterarum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993538</id>
      <parentid>3935446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:58:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de laureatore anno 2026</comment>
      <origin>3993538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12288" sha1="ceqztibi9e8tdmf66yxt6mljewkdxbp" xml:space="preserve">'''Praemium Nobelianum litterarum'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/chronicae/lampas/basic.php?article=nov.htm''Ephemeris'' 2004]; [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2010/breves.php?breves''Ephemeris'' 7. Oct. 2010]&lt;/ref&gt; est unum de quinque principalibus [[praemium Nobelianum|praemiis Nobelianis]], quod [[Academia Suecica]] scriptoribus bene meritis ab anno [[1901]] concessit. Qui praemio dignus visus erit, etiam grandi pecuniae summa donabitur (anno [[2023]] fere undecies [[millio]] [[Corona Suecica|SEK]]). De praemio litterarum tribuendo quinquies decessum est (annis 1935, 1940-1943).

== Index praemio Nobeliano litterarum laureatorum ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=95%
|- bgcolor=&quot;#cccccc&quot;
!Annus
!Nomen
!Civitas
!Lingua
|-
|  [[1901]] 
| [[Renatus Franciscus Armandus Prudhomme]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1902]]  
| [[Theodorus Mommsen]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1903]] 
| [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]] 
| [[Norvegia]]
| [[Lingua Norvegica|Norvegica]]
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |  [[1904]]  
| [[Fridericus Mistral]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Occitanica|Occitanica]]
|-
| [[Iosephus Echegarai et Eizaguirre]] 
| [[Hispania]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1905]]
| [[Henricus Sienkiewicz]] 
| [[Polonia]]
| [[Lingua Polonica|Polonica]]
|- 
|  [[1906]]  
| [[Iosue Carducci]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|- 
|  [[1907]] 
| [[Rudyard Kipling]] 
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1908]]  
| [[Rudolphus Christophorus Eucken]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1909]]  
| [[Selma Lagerlöf]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|-
|  [[1910]]  
| [[Paulus Heyse]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1911]]  
| [[Mauricius Maeterlinck]] 
| [[Belgia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1912]] 
| [[Gerardus Hauptmann]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1913]]  
| [[Rabindranath Tagore]] 
| [[India]]
| [[Lingua Bengala|Bengala]]
|- 
|  [[1915]]  
| [[Romanus Rolland]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1916]]  
| [[Verner von Heidenstam]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |  [[1917]]  
| [[Carolus Adolphus Gjellerup]] 
| [[Dania]]
| [[Lingua Danica|Danica]]
|-
| [[Henricus Pontoppidan]] 
| [[Dania]]
| [[Lingua Danica|Danica]]
|- 
|  [[1919]] 
| [[Carolus Spitteler]] 
| [[Helvetia]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|-
|  [[1920]]  
| [[Cnuto Hamsun]]
| [[Norvegia]]
| [[Lingua Norvegica|Norvegica]]
|- 
|  [[1921]]  
| [[Anatolius France]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1922]]  
| [[Hyacinthus Benavente]] 
| [[Hispania]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1923]]  
| [[Gulielmus Butler Yeats]] 
| [[Irlandia]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1924]]  
| [[Vladislaus Reymont]] 
| [[Polonia]]
| [[Lingua Polonica|Polonica]]
|- 
|  [[1925]]  
| [[Georgius Bernardus Shavius]]
| [[Irlandia]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1926]]  
| [[Gratia Deledda]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|- 
|  [[1927]]  
| [[Henricus Bergson]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1928]]  
| [[Sigrida Undset]] 
| [[Norvegia]]
| [[Lingua Norvegica|Norvegica]]
|- 
| [[1929]]
| [[Thomas Mann]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|-
|  [[1930]] 
| [[Sinclair Lewis]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1931]]  
| [[Ericus Axel Karlfeldt]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|- 
|  [[1932]] 
| [[Iohannes Galsworthy]] 
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1933]]  
| [[Iohannes Bunin]] 
| [[Russia]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]
|- 
|  [[1934]] 
| [[Ludovicus Pirandellus]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|- 
|  [[1936]]  
| [[Eugenius O'Neill]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1937]] 
| [[Rogerius Martin du Gard]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1938]]  
| [[Pearl S. Buck]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1939]]  
| [[Franciscus Aemilius Sillanpää]] 
| [[Finnia]]
| [[Lingua Finnica|Finnica]]
|-
|  [[1944]] 
| [[Iohannes Gulielmus Jensen]] 
| [[Dania]]
| [[Lingua Danica|Danica]]
|- 
|  [[1945]]  
| [[Gabriella Mistral]] 
| [[Chilia]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1946]] 
| [[Arminius Hesse]] 
| [[Germania]]/[[Helvetia]] 
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1947]] 
| [[Andreas Gide]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1948]]  
| [[T. S. Eliot]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1949]]  
| [[Gulielmus Faulkner]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
|  [[1950]]  
| [[Bertrandus Russell]] 
| [[Regnum Unitum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1951]]  
| [[Petrus Lagerkvist]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|- 
|  [[1952]] 
| [[Franciscus Mauriac]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1953]] 
| [[Winston Churchill]]
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1954]]  
| [[Ernestus Hemingway]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1955]] 
| [[Halldór Laxness]] 
| [[Islandia]]
| [[Lingua Islandica|Islandica]]
|- 
|  [[1956]]  
| [[Iohannes Raimundus Jimenez]] 
| [[Hispania]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1957]]  
| [[Albertus Camus]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1958]] 
| [[Boris Pasternak]] (praemium recusavit)
| [[Unio Sovietica]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]
|- 
|  [[1959]] 
| [[Salvator Quasimodo]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|-
|  [[1960]] 
| [[Saint-John Perse]] 
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1961]] 
| [[Ivo Andrić]] 
| [[Iugoslavia]]
| [[Lingua Serbocroata|Serbocroata]]
|- 
|  [[1962]] 
| [[Ioannes Steinbeck]] 
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1963]] 
| [[Georgius Sepheres]]
| [[Graecia]]
| [[Lingua Graeca|Graeca]]
|- 
|  [[1964]]  
| [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre]] (praemium recusavit)
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1965]]  
| [[Michael Šolochov]]
| [[Unio Sovietica]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |  [[1966]]  
| [[Samuel Iosephus Agnon]] 
| [[Israel (civitas)|Israel]]
| [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraica]]
|-
| [[Nelly Sachs]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1967]] 
| [[Michael Angelus Asturias]] 
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1968]] 
| [[Yasunari Kawabata]]  
| [[Iaponia]]
| [[Lingua Iaponica|Iaponica]]
|- 
|  [[1969]] 
| [[Samuel Beckett]] 
| [[Irlandia]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
|  [[1970]] 
| [[Alexander Solženicyn]]
| [[Unio Sovietica]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]
|- 
|  [[1971]] 
| [[Paulus Neruda]] 
| [[Chilia]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1972]] 
| [[Henricus Böll]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1973]]  
| [[Patricius White]] 
| [[Australia]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |  [[1974]] 
| [[Eivind Johnson]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|-
| [[Harry Martinson]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|- 
|  [[1975]]  
| [[Eugenius Montale]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|- 
|  [[1976]] 
| [[Saul Bellow]] 
| [[Canada]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1977]]  
| [[Vincentius Aleixandre]]
| [[Hispania]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1978]] 
| [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]] 
| [[Polonia]]
| [[Lingua Iudaeogermanica|Iudaeogermanica]]
|- 
|  [[1979]] 
| [[Odysseas Elytes]]
| [[Graecia]]
| [[Lingua Graeca|Graeca]]
|-
|  [[1980]]  
| [[Ceslaus Milosz]]
| [[Polonia]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1981]] 
| [[Elias Canetti]] 
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|- 
|  [[1982]]  
| [[Gabriel García Márquez]]
| [[Columbia]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1983]] 
| [[Gulielmus Golding]] 
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1984]]
| [[Iaroslaus Seifert]] 
| [[Cechoslovacia]]
| [[Lingua Bohemica|Bohemica]]
|- 
|  [[1985]] 
| [[Claudius Simon]]  
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|- 
|  [[1986]] 
| [[Wole Soyinka]] 
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1987]] 
| [[Iosephus Brodskij]] 
| [[Unio Sovietica]]/[[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russica]]/[[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1988]] 
| [[Nagib Mahfuz]]
| [[Aegyptus]] 
| [[Lingua Arabica|Arabica]]
|- 
|  [[1989]] 
| [[Camillus Iosephus Cela]]
| [[Hispania]]
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|-
|  [[1990]] 
| [[Octavius Paz]] 
| [[Mexicum]] 
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[1991]] 
| [[Nadina Gordimer]] 
| [[Africa Australis]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1992]] 
| [[Theodericus Walcott]]
| [[Sancta Lucia (civitas)|Sancta Lucia]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1993]] 
| [[Antonia Morrison]]
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1994]] 
| [[Kenzaburo Oe]] 
| [[Iaponia]]
| [[Lingua Iaponica|Iaponica]]
|- 
|  [[1995]] 
| [[Seamus Heaney]] 
| [[Irlandia]] 
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[1996]] 
| [[Vislava Szymborska]] 
| [[Polonia]]
| [[Lingua Polonica|Polonica]]
|- 
|  [[1997]] 
| [[Darius Fo]] 
| [[Italia]]
| [[Lingua Italiana|Italiana]]
|- 
|  [[1998]] 
| [[Iosephus Saramago]]
| [[Lusitania]]
| [[Lingua Lusitana|Lusitana]]
|- 
|  [[1999]] 
| [[Guntherus Grass]] 
| [[Germania]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|-
|  [[2000]]  
| [[Gao Xingjian]] 
| [[Sina]]
| [[Lingua Sinensis|Sinensis]]
|- 
|  [[2001]]  
| [[Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]] 
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[2002]]  
| [[Emericus Kertész]]
| [[Hungaria]]
| [[Lingua Hungarica|Hungarica]]
|- 
|  [[2003]]  
| [[Iohannes Maxwell Coetzee]] 
| [[Africa Australis]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|- 
|  [[2004]]  
| [[Elfrieda Jelinek]] 
| [[Austria]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|-
| [[2005]]
| [[Haroldus Pinter]]
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
| [[2006]]
| [[Orhan Pamuk]]
| [[Turcia]]
| [[Lingua Turcica|Turcica]]
|-
| [[2007]]
| [[Dorothea Lessing]]
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
| [[2008]]
| [[Ioannes Maria Gustavus Le Clézio]]
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|-
| [[2009]]
| [[Herta Müller]] 
| [[Germania|Germano]] - [[Romania|Dacoromana]]
| [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]
|-
| [[2010]]
| [[Marius Vargas Llosa]] 
| [[Peruvia]]na 
| [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]]
|- 
|  [[2011]]  
| [[Thomas Tranströmer]] 
| [[Suecia]]
| [[Lingua Suecica|Suecica]]
|-
| [[2012]]
| [[Mo Yan]]
| [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]]
| [[Lingua Chinensis|Chinensia]]
|-
| [[2013]]
| [[Alicia Munro]]
| [[Canada]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]
|-
| [[2014]]
| [[Patricius Modiano]]
| [[Francia]]
| [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]
|-
| [[2015]]
| [[Svetlana Aleksievič]]
| [[Ruthenia Alba]]
| [[Lingua Russica|Russice]]
|-
| [[2016]]
| [[Robertus Dylan]]
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
| [[2017]]
| [[Kazuo Ishiguro]]
| [[Regnum Britanniarum]]
| [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|-
| [[2018]]
| [[Olga Tokarczuk]] 
| [[Polonia]] 
| [[lingua Polonica|Polonice]]
|-
| [[2019]]
| [[Petrus Handke]]
| [[Austria]]
| [[lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]
|-
| [[2020]]
| [[Ludovica Glück]]
| [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
| [[lingua Anglica|Anglice]]
|-
| [[2021]]
| [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[lingua Anglica|Anglice]]
|-
| [[2022]]
| [[Annula Ernaux]]
| [[Francia]]
| [[lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]]
|-
| [[2023]]
| [[Ioannes Fosse]]
| [[Norvegia]]
| [[lingua Norvegica|Norvegice]]
|-
| [[2024]]
| [[Han Kang]]
| [[Corea Meridiana]]
| [[lingua Coreana|Coreana]]
|- 
| [[2025]]
| [[Ladislaus Krasznahorkai]]
| [[Hungaria]]
| [[lingua Hungarica|Hungarica]]
|-
| [[2026]]
| [[Anna Carson]]
| [[Canada]]
| [[lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
|}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Litterae]]
[[Categoria:Indices hominum]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Litteraturae|!]]</text>
      <sha1>ceqztibi9e8tdmf66yxt6mljewkdxbp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Masturbatio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25517</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993502</id>
      <parentid>3993449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:00:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>3993502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6613" sha1="j6fbzxgaz9q7sv050h2rpcid7nytg79" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas}}
[[Fasciculus:Caucasian man masturbating.jpg|thumb|Vir qui masturbatur.]]
[[Fasciculus:Klimt Mulher sentada.jpg|thumb|[[Pictura]] masturbationis actae a [[Gustavus Klimt|Gustavo Klimt]] facta.]]
[[Fasciculus:Male masturbation followed by ejaculation.ogv|thumb|Eiaculatio maris.]]
'''Masturbatio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Kraus1844&quot;&gt;Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siebenhaar1850&quot;&gt;Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''mastupratio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Kraus1844&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siebenhaar1850&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabler1881&quot;&gt;Gabler, E. &amp; Winkler, T.C. (1881). ''Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en de natuurkundige wetenschappen.'' (Tweede druk). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''mastrupatio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Castelli1713&quot;&gt;Castelli, B. &amp; Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum'' (Lipsiae: F. Thomas).&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''manustupratio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Kraus1844&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siebenhaar1850&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabler1881&quot;/&gt; sive '''manstupratio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Castelli1713&quot;/&gt; seu '''manstrupatio'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabler1881&quot;/&gt; est excitatio [[organum (biologia)|organorum]] [[genitalia|genitalium]] [[homo|hominis]] vel [[animal]]is, [[mas|maris]] vel [[femina (sexus)|feminae]], plerumque ad accipiendam vel donandam [[voluptas|voluptatem]].

== Etymologia ==
Masturbari a ''manu stupro''que esse dictum videtur, quasi, qui masturbetur, is [[manus|manu]] [[stuprum]] committat.

== Modi et usus ==
=== Virilis ===
[[Puer]]i omnes, virorum plerique saepius masturbari solent manu [[vagina]]e ad exemplum composita [[mentula]]eque ingestata. Quae res trusationis etiam nomen accepit. Confer enim Cat.c.LVI.: ''O rem ridiculam, Cato, et iocosam, / dignamque auribus et tuo cachinno! / ride quidquid amas, Cato, Catullum: / res est ridicula et nimis iocosa. / deprendi modo pupulum puellae / trusantem; hunc ego, si placet Dionae, / protelo rigida mea cecidi.''

=== Muliebris ===
Praecipue mulieribus masturbationis modus est manu [[labia]] genitalia maxime [[clitoris|clitoridemque]] fricare, quoque uno digito sive digitis suis sive rebus artificiosis uti vaginae suae excitandae causa, huic facto quoque [[punctum G]] (quod summum excitationis ita appellatur) prodest.

== Crebritas ==
Data crebritatis masturbationis difficile adquiruntur. Secundum ''Now,'' [[periodicum]] [[Canada|Canadense]], 94 centesimae virorum et 84 centesimae feminarum masturbantur, et 10 centesimae virorum et 3 centesimae feminarum masturbantur plus quam triciens et semel per mensem. Crebritas masturbationis decrescit in [[senectus|senectute]]. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nowtoronto.com/minisites/loveandsex/2004/s_survey_results.php Studia ''Now'' periodici.]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Ejaculation female.webm|thumb]]&lt;!--

== Valetudo et effectus psychici ==
== Aestimatio medicalis ==--&gt;

== Masturbatio in historia et societate ==&lt;!--
=== Antiquitas ===
===Nationes hodiernae===--&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;=== Religio ===&lt;!--
==== Buddhismus ====
====Religio Iudaica====--&gt;
==== Christianitas ====
===== Ecclesia Catholica Romana =====
{{Neutralitas dubia|Masturbatio peccatum mortale habetur, utpote fini primario [[matrimonium|matrimonii]] et copulae matrimonialis recte contrarium et fidei conjugali adversum, tamquam merus abusus organorum genitalium contra ordinem a Deo et natura institutum, quo rem nobilissimam pervertunt in turpissimum actum passionis ignominiae: caret enim debito ordine ad finem suum naturalem et ad bonum speciei. Unde malitia actui est intrinseca, adeo ut nulla causa quamvis urgenti cohonestari valeat.|tempus=20231211081445|disputatio=petitio-temporis-20231211081445-vicipaediani}}

Ea carente et propositium procreativum et propostium conciliativum praesens in vero verbo ''coitu,'' visitur conspectu [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] et ecclesiarum ritualum occidentalum ''sui iuris'' eius inordinatam esse.

Aliqui putabant et putant masturbationem in [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliis Sacris]] esse damnatam ([[Liber Genesis|Gen]] 38 8-10):

:''Dixit ergo Iudas ad [[Onan]]: “Ingredere ad uxorem fratris tui et sociare illi, ut suscites semen fratri tuo ”.''
:''Ille, sciens non sibi nasci hunc filium, introiens ad uxorem fratris sui semen fundebat in terram, ne proles fratris nomine nasceretur''.

Multi studiosi Bibliae aestimant tamen in hoc episodio de damnatione [[coitus interruptus|coitus interrupti]] et non masturbationis agitur. Minus coitum per se vitium fuit quam quod Onan fratrem suum liberos habere noluit. Apud Iudaeos antiquos enim mos erat, si quis liberos gignere non potuit, frater auxilio esse debebat, ut ita dicam, et liberi ita geniti pro liberis eius, qui non potuit, habebantur. 

Adhuc hodie [[Cathechismus]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] (2352) putat mastubationem ''&quot;actum intrinsece graviterque inordinatum&quot;'', quia:

:''Quaecumque est ipsa agendi causa, deliberatus usus facultatis sexualis extra rectum coniugale commercium essentialiter{{dubsig}} eius fini contradicit ».''
:'' Delectatio sexualis tunc quaeritur extra relationem sexualem, « quae ordine morali postulatur, quae nempe ad effectum deducit integrum sensum mutuae donationis ac humanae procreationis in contextu veri amoris »''. 

sed:

:''Ad aequum iudicium de responsabilitate morali subiectorum efformandum et ad pastoralem actionem recte ducendam, perpendentur immaturitas affectiva, vis habituum contractorum, angustiae status vel alia elementa psychica vel socialia, quae possunt moralem minuere, fortasse etiam ad minimum reducere, culpabilitatem''.

==== Religio Musulmana ====
[[Religio Islamica ]]deterret Musulmanos ne masturbentur, sed masturbationem acceptam habet si [[adulterium]] impedit.&lt;!--
==== Ceterae religiones ====--&gt;

== Carmina de masturbatione ==
* &quot;Esto rigida&quot; a [[Devo]]
* &quot;Fack&quot; ab [[Eminem]]
* &quot;Visus longus&quot; a [[Dies Viridis|Diei Viridis]]
* &quot;Trans mare&quot; a [[Weezer]]
* &quot;Tu et tua manus&quot; a [[Pink]]
* &quot;Usus squalidus&quot; ab [[Oingo Boingo]]
* &quot;Veni ad me&quot; a [[J. C. Chasez]]
* &quot;Digiti&quot; a [[Pink]]
* &quot;DARE&quot; a [[Gorillaz]]
* &quot;Sonniandum de Coelo&quot; a [[The Who]]
* &quot;Picturae de Lily&quot; a [[The Who]]

== Proverbia ==
* &quot;Masturbari valet idem ac procrastinare: modus quo te ipsum futuis.&quot;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Orgasmus]]
* [[Pollutio (medicina)]]
* [[Sexualitas]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Masturbation|masturbationem}}

[[Categoria:Sexualitas]]
{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}</text>
      <sha1>j6fbzxgaz9q7sv050h2rpcid7nytg79</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43737</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993489</id>
      <parentid>3785729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Vita */ typo</comment>
      <origin>3993489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10446" sha1="b0jqnwax5f2x5dkoak0jb7if2pvaywj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Portrait of Francois Rene Vicomte de Chateaubriand, circa 1786.jpg|thumb|Renatus Castribrientii, anno fere 1786;  nomen pictoris nescimus]]
[[File:Itinéraire de Paris a Jérusalem et de Jérusalem a Paris.tif|thumb|Itinerarium a Lutetia Hierosolymam et ab Hierosolyma Lutetiam]] 
[[File:Tombe de Chateaubriand.jpg|thumb|Sepulcrum eius in Britannia Minore]]
'''Franciscus Renatus, vicecomes Castribrientii'''&lt;ref&gt;Cf. nomen proavi, variatim in fontibus lectum: &quot;Ego Gaufridus Castri Brientii Dominus&quot; (Du Cange s.v. &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190311/http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/BURGENSES Burgenses]&quot;); &quot;Galfridus, dominus Castribrientii&quot; (Jean-Marie Pardessus, Edouard René Lefebvre de Laboulaye, ''Table chronologique des diplômes: années 1271-1302'', 1868, Lutetiae, Imprimerie Impériale, [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=fXhaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA585&amp;lpg=PA585&amp;dq=dominus+Castribrientii&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=BzT6Mm3hfe&amp;sig=ACGObiadC5o3b7bDeMTvEGToFG8&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=geAdT5C_DYSA2wXKhJigCw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=dominus%20Castribrientii&amp;f=false T. VII, p. 173]);  &quot;Ego Gauffredus, dominus Castribrienti&quot; {{Google Books|ZiZPAQAAMAAJ|p. 355}}. &lt;br&gt;
De nomine urbis [[Castrum Brientii]] vel [[Castrobriandum]] derivatum est, unde et gens nobilis [[Castrobriandi]] nuncupatur (e.g. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=K85BAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA362&amp;dq=castrobriandus&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjo8dvi4tbxAhVthosKHTKLBo8Q6AEwAXoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=castrobriandus&amp;f=false Ioannis de Bussieres SI ''Historicae Francicae'' tom. II, Lugduni 1761, p. 362]; [https://books.google.fr/books?id=tnD4SXZR_WcC&amp;pg=PP138&amp;dq=castrobriandus&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjo8dvi4tbxAhVthosKHTKLBo8Q6AEwAHoECAcQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=castrobriandus&amp;f=false Index nominum proprium quae in ''Historiis'' I.A. Thuani leguntur, 1634]; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42212/42212-0.txt Aloisiae Sigeae ''satyra Sotadica''] etc.)&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Chateaubriandus'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Pausanias|Pausaniae]] ''Graeciae descriptio'', ed. C.G. Siebelis {{GB|g2WXz0h2caQC|p. 164 sect. 7}}; Friderici Koester ''De religionis ac poeseos confinio recte dignoscendo quaestiones'', Kiliae 1825 {{GB|HC1SAAAAcAAJ|p. 30 nota subiuncta b}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice: ''Chateaubriand'', natus [[4 Septembris]] [[1768]] et mortuus [[4 Iulii]] [[1848]]) fuit [[vir politicus]], [[legatus (civilitas)|nuntius]] et [[scriptor]] [[Francia|Francicus]] more [[Romanticismus|Romanticismo]]. Anno [[1811]] in [[Academia Francica|Academiam Francicam]] cooptatus est.

==Vita==
Nobili genere natus scholas [[Dola Britonum|Dolae Britonum]], [[Dinannum|Dinanni]] et [[Condate Redonum|Condati Redonum]] frequentavit et aut [[classis (nautica)|militem classicum]] aut clericum fieri vellet. Denique cohortem Navarrae intravit. Patre anno 1786 mortuo [[Lutetia]]m iit ubi eum noscebant [[Evaristus de Parny]], [[Petrus Ludovicus Ginguené]], Le Brun, [[Nicolaus Chamfort]] et [[cogitatio libera|cogitationem liberam]] fovebat. Anno 1791 in [[america septentrionalis|Americam Septentrionalem]] navigavit ubi menses quinque manebat. Reversus in matrimonium duxit mulierem divitem et [[Theudonevilla]]e in exercitu emigratorio vulneratus est. Anno 1793 [[Londinium]] fugit, ubi inops vitam degebat et opus ''Essai sur les révolutions, etc.'' (Londinii 1797) pactum est. Quod opus mixtura est praeiudiciorum, dubitationis religionis, philosophiae [[ioannes Iacobus Russavius|Russaviensis]]. Postquam anno 1798 de morte matris certior factus esset, ad [[religio christiana|christianismum]] positivum allatus est. Quo animo exaravit opus ''Génie du christianisme'' (1802), religionis Christianae apologiam splendidissimam quae neque historica neque dogmatica sed poetica atque aesthetica est. Nihilominus a theologis quoque impetus multiplex in eum facti sunt et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] opus in [[index librorum prohibitorum|Indicem librorum prohibitorum]] posuit. Unum annum ante in periodico ''Mercure de France'' historiunculam ''Atala'' verbis luxuriosis omnes captantibus vulgavit, ubi bella Americae natura cum christiana sobrietate ieiunosa iungitur. 

Effectum similem habuit ''René, ou les effets des passions'', episodus quaedam, quam Castribrientius anno 1807 ex opere integro abscidit, genus Vertherii christiani quasi cum [[Georgius dominus de Byron|Georgii Byron]] dolie mundana et voluptate [[faustus|Fausti]]. Agitur, ut patet, de auctoris ipsius vita. Finem operis ''René'' fecerunt verba ''Les Natchez'', anno 1825 impressa. Cum Castribrientius anno 1800 in Franciam reveniret, [[consulatus (Francia)|Consulatui]] se adiunxit et anno 1803 [[Roma]]m legatus iit. Sed mox eum harum rerum taeduit et caedes ducis de Enghien anno 1804 commissa occasio se praebuit, ut demissionem postularet. Anno 1806 ad iter orientale se paravit: Graeciam, [[Palaestina]]m, Africam et Hispaniam visitavit. Inde scripsit religiosum epos in prosa ''Les Martyrs'' (1809; labores hos iam anno 1802 ceperat) necnon ''Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem'' (1811) cum topographicis descriptionibus. Ambo opera magna et genere perfecto esse constat. Anno 1811 in Academiam Franciam cooptatus est pro [[Maria Iosephus Chénier|Maria Iosepho Chénier]], homine seditioso et criticissimo. Quoniam dignae laudes de praedecessore habere noluit, [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo Bonaparte]] ipse orationi accusatoriae vetuit. Hinc imperatori se opponebat et in tota Francia illustris fiebat. Odium maxime sentiebatur in libello criminoso ''De Buonaparte, des Bourbons etc.'', qui post Napoleonis eversionem anno 1814 editus est et, secundum opinionem [[Ludovicus XVIII|Ludovici XVIII]], arma commina velut legio habuit. [[Centum Napoleonis dies|Centum Napoleonis diebus]] tamen minister creatus est et postea senator Franciae. Dicitur is homo magis monarchiae fautor fuisse quam rex ipse. De hoc testimonium perhibent scripta »Réflexions politiques« (1814) et »De la monarchie selon la charte« (1816). Insolentia autem eius regem indignabundum fecit antequam reconciliatio celebraretur in opere »Mémoires, lettres et pièces authentiques touchant la vie et la mort du duc de Berri« (1820).

Anno 1820 [[berolinum|Berolini]] nuntius diplomaticus factus est, postea minister et legatus Londiniensis, plenipotentiarius in Congressu [[verona|Veronensi]] et die 28 Decembris 1822 minister rerum externarum. Eo munere autem bella [[Hispania|Hispanicam]] excitavit, quam expeditionem infelix Hispania usque sufferre debuit. Sed eius superbia effecit ut, cum homine politico [[Ioannes Baptista de Villèle|Ioanne Baptista de Villèle]] rixaretur. Demissus oppositionem liberalem intravit et diurnariis auxiliantibus institutiones de Villèle omnes concidi voluit.

In periodico praetitulato ''Journal des Débats'' tractationes valde volubiles de libertate instrumentis communicationis socialis danda, contra censuram et de [[Graecia]] restauranda (»Note sur la Grèce«) scripsit. Minister liberalis [[Ioannes Baptista Gay de Martignac]] eum anno 1828 legatum Romanum instituit, quo a munere iam anno 1829 se rettulit ministro [[iulius de Polignac|Iulio de Polignac]]. Rebus novis Iuliis, quibus Castribrientius particeps non fuit, res mutabantur. Ius iurandum pro [[Ludovicus Philippus|Ludovico Philippo]] recusavit parlamentum relicturus. Sed dynastiae regiae porro fidelis fuit, qui et ideis republicanis magis magisque inflammatus est (cf. amicitiam eius cum dominis Carrel et Béranger). Pro [[Gens Burbonia|gente Burbonia]] itinera fecit, e.g. 1831 [[Praga]]m, anno 1843 ad Belgrave Square), nisi commentarios suos privatos in monasterio Abbaye-aux-Bois exaravit apud amicam Récamier. Cum ea viginti annos vixit et in eius diaetis a multis Francogallis olim celebratus erat. Sculptor Millet ei [[maclovium|Maclovium]] monumentum fecit.

==Opera alia et gravitas==
Ex aliis operibus mentionis digna sint haec: ''Les aventures du dernier des Abencérages'' (1826; res gestae in Hispania); ''Etudes ou discours historiques'' (1831); ''Voyages en Amérique, en France et en Italie'' (1827); ''Essai sur la littérature anglaise'' (1836); conversio mythistoriae de ''[[paradisus amissus|Paradiso amisso]]''; ''Mémoires d'outretombe'' (propter res nimis privatas editio praevisa non fuit; crumina aegrotante tamen id factum est: deceptio autem in lectoribus magna fuit propter argumentorum vanitate). Summus linguae artifex, poeta phantasticus prosas praeferens et a fontibus antiquioribus mutuum sumens, in saeculi XIX cultura revera dominabatur. In litteris pangendis consulebat Fontane et Bertin. Prima omnium operum editio facta est annis inter 1826 et 1821. Nonnulla opera imaginibus auxit [[Gustavus Doré]]. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia == 
* Edoardo Costadura: ''Der Edelmann am Schreibpult. Zum Selbstverständnis aristokratischer Literaten zwischen Renaissance und Revolution.'' Niemeyer, Tubingae 2006.
* Reinhold R. Grimm: ''Wendezeiten, Revolution und Poesie: François-René de Chateaubriand'' in: Jenaer Universitätsreden 15, 2005, p. 41–70.
* Manfred Lentzen: ''Francois-René de Chateaubriand'' in: ''Französische Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts. I. Romantik und Realismus.'' Quelle &amp; Meyer, Heidelbergae 1979, p. 189–216.
* Friedrich Sieburg: ''Chateaubriand. Romantik und Politik.'' DVA, 1959
* Winfried Wehle: ''Kinästhetik. Schreiben im Bilde des Vesuv. Goethe - Chateaubriand''. In: Jörn Steigerwald, Rudolf Behrens (ed.): ''Räume des Subjekts um 1800. Zur imaginativen Selbstverortung des Individuums zwischen Spätaufklärung und Romantik.''  Harrassowitz, Aquis Mattiacis 2010, p. 145–171. ISBN 978-3-447-06127-8 [http://edoc.ku-eichstaett.de/8234/1/Kin%C3%A4sthetik%3ABochum.pdf PDF]

==Nexus interni==
* [[Comburnium]]
* [[Châteaubriant]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{Communia|François-René de Chateaubriand|Franciscum Renatum Castribrientii}}
{{fontes biographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124180351/http://biblioweb.org/-CHATEAUBRIAND Biographia]
*[http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/francois-rene-de-chateaubriand In immortalibus Academiae]
*[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Chateaubriand,+François+René+de Opera nonnulla in Theodiscum conversa]
 
{{Lifetime|1768|1848|Castribrientii, Franciscus Renatus}}
[[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Socii Academiae Francicae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Politici Franciae]]

{{FA stella}}</text>
      <sha1>b0jqnwax5f2x5dkoak0jb7if2pvaywj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Natio Quebecensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>49500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993624</id>
      <parentid>3732947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:31:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1660" sha1="ezlnlpspnktvh3c3f04rpaitatlyydy" xml:space="preserve">'''Quebecenses''' ([[Francogallice]]: ''Québécois'') sunt natio hominum Francogallice loquentium qui provinciam [[Quebecum]] in [[Canada]] habitant. Nonnulli Canadienses [[Anglice]] loquentes nationem Quebecensem exstare negant. Nihilominus, die [[27 Novembris]] [[2006]], domus inferior Parlamenti Canadiensis nationem Quebecensem publice recognovit&lt;ref&gt;{{Ling|Francogallice}} [http://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Adoption_de_la_motion_reconnaissant_les_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_comme_une_nation_au_sein_d'un_Canada_uni Wikinews: Adoption de la motion reconnaissant les Québécois comme une nation au sein d'un Canada uni].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Ling|Anglice}}   [http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_passes_Quebecois_nation_motion Wikinews: Canadian House of Commons passes Quebecois nation motion].&lt;/ref&gt;, etsi haec agnitio nulla vi legali praedita est. Multi Quebecenses se non habent integram civitatis Canadensis partem, ideoque ''Quebecenses'' vocari malunt, quamquam agnoscant se esse Canadienses de iure tantum.

==Sententia==

* ''Maîtres chez nous'' (Domini apud nos &lt;simus&gt;), sententia politica.
*''Je me souviens'' (memini), sententia populi
*''Nous vaincrons'' (vincemus), sententia tromocratarum (FLQ)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Quebec]]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Nexus externus==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080602231903/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=F&amp;Mode=1&amp;Parl=39&amp;Ses=1&amp;DocId=2544166 Deliberationes publicae diei [[27 Novembris]] [[2006]]] domi inferioris Parlamenti nationem Quebecensem adnuentis. {{Ling|Francogallice|Anglice}}

[[Categoria:Canada]]
[[Categoria:Quebecum]]</text>
      <sha1>ezlnlpspnktvh3c3f04rpaitatlyydy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aloysius Gualterius Alvarez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993493</id>
      <parentid>3993451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:40:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
      <origin>3993493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1352" sha1="jsbdmtvoj2k8wogf7qu06e31mg0if5b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Alvarez-luis.jpg|thumb|Aloysius Gualterius Alvarez.]]
'''Aloysius Gualterius Alvarez''' (natus [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopoli]] in urbe [[California]]e die [[13 Iunii]] [[1911]]; mortuus [[Berkeleia (California)|Berkeleiae]] in urbe Californiae die [[1 Septembris]] [[1988]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[CFA|Americanus]] et [[professor]] [[Universitas Californiensis Berkeleiae|Universitatis Californiensis Berkeleiae]] et [[Institutum Technologiae Massachusettense|MIT]]. Studium [[radioactivitas|radioactivitatis]] trinii H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; et [[helium-3|helii-3]] fecit. [[secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]], [[Project Manhattan]]{{dubsig}} ad [[bomba atomica|bombam atomicam]] creandam cum [[Robertus Oppenheimer|Roberto Oppenheimer]] participavit.{{dubsig}} Anno [[1968]]. [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] pro studio [[particula elementaria|particularum elementariarum]] resonantiae accepit.

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gale.com/free_resources/chh/bio/alvarez_l.htm De vita apud gale.com.]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/ De Praemio Nobeliano Physicae] apud situm ipsius praemii. {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{scien-bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1911|1988|Alvarez, Aloysius Gualterius}}
[[Categoria:Incolae Californiae]]
[[Categoria:Physici Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]]</text>
      <sha1>jsbdmtvoj2k8wogf7qu06e31mg0if5b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Visus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56899</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993549</id>
      <parentid>3531430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T18:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1039" sha1="2146qitixsbb3xv22fdppgy7z9ijusj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Bubo_bubo_sibiricus_qtl1_crop.jpg|thumb|'''Visus''' [[bubo]]nis vitae nocturnae acccommodatus est.]]
'''Visus''', seu '''visio''' est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]] videndi, [[perceptio]] rerum externarum ab [[oculus|oculis]] effecta, interpretatio [[lux|lucis]] visibilis. Primi oculi primitivi in animalibus abhinc 600 milliones annorum tempore [[procursus Cambrianus|procursus Cambriani]] [[evolutio|evoluti]] sunt.&lt;!--Cambrian Explosion--&gt; Varia animalia varias partes [[Spectrum visuale|spectri prismatici]] videre possunt.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* Stephen Lucian Polyak, ''The vertebrate visual system'', University of Chicago, 1957

{{NexInt}}
* [[Cataracta (medicina)|Cataracta]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.skidmore.edu/~hfoley/Perc3.htm &quot;The Visual System.&quot;] in Hugh J. Foley et Margaret W. Matlin, ''Sensation &amp; Perception'' (Allyn &amp; Bacon / Longman).

[[Categoria:Biologia]]
[[Categoria:Neuroscientia]]
[[Categoria:Ophthalmologia]]
[[Categoria:Rationes mentis]]
[[Categoria:Visus]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
      <sha1>2146qitixsbb3xv22fdppgy7z9ijusj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993550</id>
      <parentid>3993549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T18:42:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1280" sha1="9kn14zi38gwukskgxgyj6vd5zx7ohe6" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Bubo_bubo_sibiricus_qtl1_crop.jpg|thumb|'''Visus''' [[bubo]]nis vitae nocturnae acccommodatus est.]]
'''Visus''', seu '''visio''' est [[sensus (biologia)|sensus]] videndi, [[perceptio]] rerum externarum ab [[oculus|oculis]] effecta, interpretatio [[lux|lucis]] visibilis. Primi oculi primitivi in animalibus abhinc 600 milliones annorum tempore [[procursus Cambrianus|procursus Cambriani]] [[evolutio|evoluti]] sunt.&lt;!--Cambrian Explosion--&gt; Varia animalia varias partes [[Spectrum visuale|spectri prismatici]] videre possunt.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* F. Crescitelli (curator),  ''The vertebrate visual system'', Springer, 1977 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=qCDqCAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
* Stephen Lucian Polyak, ''The vertebrate visual system'', University of Chicago, 1957

{{NexInt}}
* [[Cataracta (medicina)|Cataracta]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.skidmore.edu/~hfoley/Perc3.htm &quot;The Visual System.&quot;] in Hugh J. Foley et Margaret W. Matlin, ''Sensation &amp; Perception'' (Allyn &amp; Bacon / Longman).

[[Categoria:Biologia]]
[[Categoria:Neuroscientia]]
[[Categoria:Ophthalmologia]]
[[Categoria:Rationes mentis]]
[[Categoria:Visus]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
      <sha1>9kn14zi38gwukskgxgyj6vd5zx7ohe6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Monticianum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>62164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993598</id>
      <parentid>3956998</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T01:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2884" sha1="47b1ibb9gy164pjt4gw717k2ul54lh4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:MonticianoPanorama.JPG|thumb|Monticianum]]
'''Monticianum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;repetti&quot;&gt;{{Repetti}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.it/books?id=DFdQq4IabkUC&amp;pg=PA144&amp;lpg=PA144&amp;dq=%22Monticianum%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=AktwvAXywi&amp;sig=oUKzHOl7c1_LVSG3fekF-geVLLk&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CEIQ6AEwBWoVChMIjurrje6-xwIVx7MUCh1lFARI#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Monticianum%22&amp;f=false ]&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Monticianum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Castrum Monticiani''&lt;ref name=&quot;repetti&quot; /&gt;, ''Montisianum''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100908121642/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/&lt;/ref&gt;) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monticiano|Monticiano]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 1 565 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Tuscia]] ac in [[Provincia Saenensis|Provincia Saenensi]] situm. Incolae ''Monticianenses'' appellantur.

== Insignia ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Municipium nomismate aureo ob virtutem civilem decoratum]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Clari cives ==
=== Nati ===
* [[Lucianus Moggi]]
* [[Iordanus Bruno Guerri]]

=== Mortui ===
* [[Antonius Patrizi]]

== Ecclesia Catholica Romana ==
* [[Archidioecesis Senensis-Collensis-Ilcinensis]]

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
=== Fractiones ===
* [[Petriolum ad Balnea]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=CO7hIDoITcEC&amp;pg=PT131&amp;lpg=PT131&amp;dq=%22Petriolum+ad+Balnea%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=R-UCyktS6Y&amp;sig=oaIP-PIkEZMLFAEbBC9IsXzkZJg&amp;hl=it&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=1Je7UKu1GITYtAaVtoC4Cw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA Annales ecclesiastici ab anno MCXCVIII ubi Card. Baronius desinit auctore Odorico Raynaldo... di Odorico Rinaldi, Maison Saint-Augustin, mascardas]&lt;/ref&gt; (alia nomina: [[Balneum de Petriolo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Repetti}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Balneum Petrioli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Repetti}}&lt;/ref&gt;) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Terme di Petriolo|Bagni di Petriolo]]''),
* ''Iesa'',
* ''San Lorenzo a Merse'',
* ''Tocchi'',
* ''Scalvaia''.

== Municipia finitima ==
* [[Civitella Paganicum]] ([[Provincia Grossetana|GR]]),
* [[Clusdinum]],
* [[Murlum]],
* [[Rochastrata]] ([[Provincia Grossetana|GR]]),
* [[Sufficillum]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Tuscia]] (''regio''),
* [[Provincia Senensis]],
* [[Sena Iulia]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060619143455/http://www.comune.monticiano.siena.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}
{{CommuniaCat|Monticiano|Monticianum}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map of comune of Monticiano (province of Siena, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Senensi.
Imago:Terme di Petriolo-9393.jpg|Petriolum ad Balnea.
Imago:Chiesa monticiano.JPG|Ecclesia Monticiani.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Senae Iuliae]]
[[Categoria:Thermae Italiae]]</text>
      <sha1>47b1ibb9gy164pjt4gw717k2ul54lh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Augustus Pavie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>68362</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993490</id>
      <parentid>3842878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:36:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1891" sha1="t8xewysbe42orjdtxdhxv2483n6fme3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Auguste Pavie01.jpg|thumb|Imago Augusti Pavie e libro ''Mission Pavie en Indochine'' extracta.]]
'''Augustus Pavie''' (''Auguste Pavie'' natus apud [[Dinannum]] die [[31 Maii]] [[1847]]; mortuus in [[Thourie]] praefecturae [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] die [[7 Maii]] [[1925]]) fuit [[explorator]] [[Laotia]]e et [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Mecongum|Mecongi]], legatus [[Francia|Francicus]], stator [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae Francicae]], et ethnographus. &lt;!-- Il fit ses études à [[Guingamp]] où un [[lycée]] porte son nom. À l'origine explorateur des rives du fleuve [[Mékong]], il fut le premier [[consulat (diplomatie)|vice-consul]] de France à [[Luang Prabang]] (1886), puis en 1892, résident de France à [[Bangkok]]. Il s'illustra en négociant avec le [[Siam]] et en obtenant notamment la reconnaissance du protectorat français sur le haut Laos, en 1893. À la fin du {{XIXe siècle}}, il fixa avec la [[Civilisation chinoise|Chine]] les frontières du [[Laos]]. --&gt;

== Opera ==
* ''[[Mission Pavie]]: Indochine: 1879-1895''. 11 voll. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1898-1919.
** ''[http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;idno=sea129 Journal de marche (1888-1889) Evenements du Siam (1891-1893)]'' ex eadem serie extracta.
* ''A la conquête des coeurs: le pays des millions d'éléphants''. Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France, 1942.
* ''Contes populaires du Cambodge, du Laos et du Siam''. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1903.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Auguste Pavie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pavie, Augustus}}

[[Categoria:Nati 1847]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1925]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Ethnographi]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Francici]]
[[Categoria:Legati Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores itinerum]]
[[Categoria:Magistratus Indosinae Francici]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]]</text>
      <sha1>t8xewysbe42orjdtxdhxv2483n6fme3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993491</id>
      <parentid>3993490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:37:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>lifetime et typo</comment>
      <origin>3993491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1848" sha1="2n2k6y8f6hjx3p8hguvi4is75i55tld" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Auguste Pavie01.jpg|thumb|Imago Augusti Pavie e libro ''Mission Pavie en Indochine'' extracta.]]
'''Augustus Pavie''' (''Auguste Pavie'' natus apud [[Dinannum]] die [[31 Maii]] [[1847]]; mortuus in [[Thourie]] praefecturae [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] die [[7 Maii]] [[1925]]) fuit [[explorator]] [[Laotia]]e et [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Mecongum|Mecongi]], legatus [[Francia|Francicus]], stator [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae Francicae]], et ethnographus. &lt;!-- Il fit ses études à [[Guingamp]] où un [[lycée]] porte son nom. À l'origine explorateur des rives du fleuve [[Mékong]], il fut le premier [[consulat (diplomatie)|vice-consul]] de France à [[Luang Prabang]] (1886), puis en 1892, résident de France à [[Bangkok]]. Il s'illustra en négociant avec le [[Siam]] et en obtenant notamment la reconnaissance du protectorat français sur le haut Laos, en 1893. À la fin du {{XIXe siècle}}, il fixa avec la [[Civilisation chinoise|Chine]] les frontières du [[Laos]]. --&gt;

== Opera ==
* ''[[Mission Pavie]]: Indochine: 1879-1895''. 11 voll. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1898-1919.
** ''[http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;idno=sea129 Journal de marche (1888-1889) Evenements du Siam (1891-1893)]'' ex eadem serie extracta.
* ''A la conquête des coeurs: le pays des millions d'éléphants''. Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France, 1942.
* ''Contes populaires du Cambodge, du Laos et du Siam''. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1903.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Auguste Pavie}}
{{Lifetime|1847|1925|Pavie, Augustus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Ethnographi]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Francici]]
[[Categoria:Legati Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores itinerum]]
[[Categoria:Magistratus Indosinae Francici]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]]</text>
      <sha1>2n2k6y8f6hjx3p8hguvi4is75i55tld</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993492</id>
      <parentid>3993491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:39:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>capsa</comment>
      <origin>3993492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1900" sha1="rfqpcvt31f4iv9bmn3behz2zcv2ayh0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Auguste Pavie01.jpg|thumb|Imago Augusti Pavie e libro ''Mission Pavie en Indochine'' extracta.]]
'''Augustus Pavie''' (''Auguste Pavie'' natus apud [[Dinannum]] die [[31 Maii]] [[1847]]; mortuus in [[Thourie]] praefecturae [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] die [[7 Maii]] [[1925]]) fuit [[explorator]] [[Laotia]]e et [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Mecongum|Mecongi]], legatus [[Francia|Francicus]], stator [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae Francicae]], et ethnographus. &lt;!-- Il fit ses études à [[Guingamp]] où un [[lycée]] porte son nom. À l'origine explorateur des rives du fleuve [[Mékong]], il fut le premier [[consulat (diplomatie)|vice-consul]] de France à [[Luang Prabang]] (1886), puis en 1892, résident de France à [[Bangkok]]. Il s'illustra en négociant avec le [[Siam]] et en obtenant notamment la reconnaissance du protectorat français sur le haut Laos, en 1893. À la fin du {{XIXe siècle}}, il fixa avec la [[Civilisation chinoise|Chine]] les frontières du [[Laos]]. --&gt;

== Opera ==
* ''[[Mission Pavie]]: Indochine: 1879-1895''. 11 voll. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1898-1919.
** ''[http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;idno=sea129 Journal de marche (1888-1889) Evenements du Siam (1891-1893)]'' ex eadem serie extracta.
* ''A la conquête des coeurs: le pays des millions d'éléphants''. Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France, 1942.
* ''Contes populaires du Cambodge, du Laos et du Siam''. Lutetiae: Ernest Leroux, 1903.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Auguste Pavie}}
{{Fontes biographici}}

{{Lifetime|1847|1925|Pavie, Augustus}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Ethnographi]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Francici]]
[[Categoria:Legati Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores itinerum]]
[[Categoria:Magistratus Indosinae Francici]]
[[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]]</text>
      <sha1>rfqpcvt31f4iv9bmn3behz2zcv2ayh0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mulhusia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993599</id>
      <parentid>3991606</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:04:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993599</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57377" sha1="2mmfk5rtjkctpt5x2muh40lnc0hqurn" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Assemblage mulhouse.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Imagines variae Mulhusiae captae]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68224.png|upright=1|thumb|Mulhusia: communis tabula]]
'''Mulhusia'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/40555/MULHUSIA_vulgo_MULHAUSEN  Hofmann J. Lexicon universale]&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Mulhusium Alsatiae'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211003125053/https://www.mulhouse.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/N3-Plan-Merian.pdf Mulhusium Alsatiae] anno 1642 et apud Graesse, [http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/contents.html Orbis Latinus] . [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0470a.html Dict. Hofman], infima pagina sub lemmate Helellus.&lt;/ref&gt;. ([[Francogallice]] ''Mulhouse'', [[Alsatiane]] ''Mìlhüsa'', Theodisce ''Mülhausen'', a nomine [[Theodisce|Theodisco]] 'molinam' significante, tamquam &quot;domus molaris&quot;) est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 106 341 incolarum (anno [[2021]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] in [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitate Europaea Alsatiae]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]], quae a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] priores regiones  [[Alsatia (regio Franciae recentior)|Alsatiam]] [[Campania-Arduenna|Campaniam Arduennam]] et [[Lotharingia (regio Franciae recentior)|Lotharingiam]] colligit, prope fines [[Germania|Germaniae]] et [[Helvetia|Helvetiae]]. Quamquam numero incolarum et viribus oeconomicis in Rheno Superiore longe praestat, quia pars Franciae nondum erat tum cum [[praefectura|praefecturae]] (''départements'') tempore [[Res novae Francicae|Magnae Rei Novae]] creatae sunt, Mulhusia non praefecturae sedem habet, sed tantum subpraefecturae. Quocirca antiqua [[Colmaria]] primum locum retinuit.
== Geographia ==
Mulhusia in [[Sundgovia]] septentrionali propter ultimos monticulos [[Iura (mons)|montis Iurae]] (''Rebberg''), iam tamen in planitie Alsatiae sita est. Aqua abundatː hodie duobus rivis adluitur, [[Helellus|Hellelo]] et Doller qui intra fines urbis confluunt, et [[Canalis|canale]] [[Rhodanus|Rhodanum]] cum [[Rhenus|Rheno]] coniungente. Olim moenia urbis triplici fossa aquae plena circumdabantur et artifices rivis intra muros fluentibus ad varia opera utebantur. In primis vis aquae [[Pistrinum|pistrinorum]] rotas circumagebat. Hodie aqua trans urbem canalizatur et canales saepe tecti sunt. Nam usque ad nonum decimum saeculum [[Inundatio|inundationes]] frequentes erant in loco antiquitus uliginoso. [[Clima continentale|Caelum semicontinentale]] estː aestates calidae et apricae sunt, hiemes frigidae.

Altitudo inter 232 et 338m. Latitudo 47°45S.

== Historica ==
Inter annos [[1347]] et [[1798]], Mulhusia erat parva [[respublica]] plerumque cum [[Helvetia|pagis Helveticis]] consociata, quae inter [[1523]] et [[1529]] [[Reformatio|religionem reformatam]] sibi elegit. Die 15 Martii [[1798]] tandem Mulhusienses sese volentes Franciae dederunt&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Meininger, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200103124023/https://www.numistral.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9420368z.image Le traité de réunion de Mulhouse à la France]'', 1910&lt;/ref&gt;, cuius finibus undique circumventi erant.

A [[saeculum 18|saeculo octavo decimo]] atque maxime nono decimo [[Fabrica (officina)|fabricis]] textilibus atque chemicis, mox etiam mechanicis urbs innotuit. Telas [[Linum xylinum|xylinas]] variis coloribus pictas, quas ''indiennes'' (&quot;Indica&quot;) tum vocabant, per totum orbem terrarum disseminabant, eo facilius quo earum fabricatio in Francia usque ad annum 1759 vetabatur&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.republique-de-mulhouse.net/indiennes.htm Museum vestium impressarum]&lt;/ref&gt;. Simul numerus incolarum uno saeculo duodecies multiplicatus est, operariis e circumiacentibus regionibus adfluentibus. Inter annos [[1871]] et [[1918]] una cum cetera [[Elisatia]] Mulhusia [[Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)|imperio Germanico]] inclusa est. Adeo a ceteris Franciae urbibus differebat ut &quot;[[Mancunium]] Francogallicum&quot; vulgo appellaretur.
=== Aevo medio ===
* Ineunte nono saeculo ''Mulhinuson'' vicus inter bona [[Vallis Masonis|Monasterii Masonis]] memoratur. Ob paludem  ille locus antiquius vix habitatus fuisse videtur. Aliquantulum enim abest castellum Romanum antiquum &quot;Uruncis&quot; in [[Itinerarium Antonini Augusti|Itinerario Antonino]] memoratus, hodie [[Hilciacum]].
[[Fasciculus:Mulhouse-Chapelle Saint-Jean.jpg|thumb|Domus hospitalium Sancti Ioannis (saeculum XIII)]]
* Anno [[1003]] imperator Germanicus [[Henricus II (imperator)|Henricus II]] Mulhusiam ceteraque bona abbatiae Sancti Stephani episcopo [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensi]]  concedit.
*Duodecimo saeculo imperator [[Fridericus I (imperator)|Fridericus I]] bis ([[1153]] et [[1186]]) Mulhusiae moratus est ut e [[Colophon (litterae)|colophone]] duorum actorum apparet.
* [[1223]]ː Episcopus Argentoratensis Bertholdus de Teck et [[Rex Romanorum|rex Romanorum]] [[Henricus II (rex Siciliae)|Henricus VII]] varia iura Mulhusiae inter se partiuntur.
* [[1224]] Prima moenia circa urbem aedificantur: quocirca urbis conditae annus a quibusdam habetur.
*[[1246]] Cum imperator [[Fridericus II (imperator)|Fridericus II]] excommunicatus esset episcopus Argentoratensis Mulhusia potitur et castellum ibi aedificat.
*[[1261]]ː Mulhusini societatem cum comite [[Rudolphus I|Rudolpho Habsburgo]] inierunt adversus dominum suum episcopum Argentoratensem cuius castellum combusserunt - e quo duae turres hodie exstant - et praefectum eius in carcerem coniecerunt.
* Tertio decimo saeculo [[Franciscani]] et [[Ordo Teutonicus|ordo Teutonicus]] et [[Ordo Hospitalis|hospitales sancti Iohannis]] Mulhusiae domum habent. Eodem saeculo Mulhusia moenibus circumdata est et urbs appellari coepit.
*[[1265]]ː Episcopus [[Basilea|Basiliensis]] Mulhusinos (qui spiritualiter ab illo administrabantur) excommunicavit. Nec magis obtemperavere Mulhusini.
*[[1268]]ː [[Ordo Sancti Augustini|Ordo Eremitarum Sancti Augustini]] conventum Mulhusiae condit.
*[[1275]]ː Beneficio [[Rudolphus I|Rodolphi imperatoris]] [[Habsburgi]] Mulhusia [[Urbes imperiales|urbs imperialis]] libera fit.
*[[1293]]ː [[Adolphus Nassovius]] statuta [[Commune|communalia]] Mulhusinis donat. Circa idem tempus artificum corpora quattuor et mox sex tribus (agricolae, vinitores, vestiarii, marescalci vel fabri, pistores, lanii) creant, quibus magistri (''Zunftmeister'') praesunt.
* Quarto decimo saeculo ineunte magistratus municipales ecclesiam Sancti Stephani ampliare decernunt. Illo tempore  urbem administrant praefectus (imperatoris legatus), consilia iuniorum et seniorum, magistri tribuum seniores et iuniores. 
* [[1308]]ː[[Rex Romanorum|rex Romanorum]]  [[Henricus VII (imperator)|Henricus VII]] episcopo Argentoratensi [[Molsheim]] et [[Mutzig]] dat in compensationem iurum quae Mulhusiae amiserat. Ita lis tandem composita est.
* [[1323]]ː primum foedus inter Basilienses et Mulhusinos.
* [[1326]]ː bellum inter municipium et nonnullas gentes nobiles ortum est. [[Dux|Dux Austriae]] [[Albertus II (discretiva)|Albertus II]]  Mulhusiam expugnavit et diripiendam sociis tradidit. Mox tamen pax facta est.
* [[1354]]ː [[Carolus IV (imperator)|imperator Carolus IV]] ''[[Decapolis|Decapolim]]'' creat, decem civitates imperiales liberas Alsatiae confoederans. E quibus una erat Mulhusia. Eodem anno seditiones et rixae fuerunt inter nobiles et artifices ortae, ut tum paene quotannis solebat fieri. Etiam tum enim [[Nobilitas|nobiles]] in civitate praepollebant.
* [[1407]]ː Burgenses Mulhusini praefecturam imperialem cum omnibus eius iuribus redemerunt, ita parvam rempublicam instituentes.
*[[1417]]ː Mulhusini ab [[Sigismundus Luxemburgicus|rege Romanorum Sigismundo]] ius triplicis fossae circa moenia deducendae impetrant.
* [[1437]]ː vicos vicinos [[Hilciacum]] et Modenheim a dominis de [[Wurtemberga|Wurtemberga]] 3020 florinis emunt. Ita fines reipublicae Milhusinae prolatantur.
*  [[1444]]/[[1445|45]] Exeunte [[Bellum Centum Annorum|bello centum annorum]] mercennarii milites ''Armaniaci'' vel ''Ecorcheurs'' dicti  Alsatiam invadunt et Mulhusiam frustra oppugnant. Burgenses [[Nobilitas|nobiles]] qui Armaniacis favebant ex urbe expulerunt, unde diuturna simultas orta est. Secundum [[Chronica|chronicam]] Mulhusia tum 1500 incolas numerabat.

=== Temporibus modernis (1453-1789) ===
[[Fasciculus:Mulhouse - Town hall.jpg|thumb|Curia municipalis sedecimi saeculi.]]
[[Fasciculus:Klapersteinmulhouse.jpg|thumb|Klappersteinː lapis quem homines maledici circa collum gerere per urbem debebant.]]
*[[1466]]ː bellum &quot;sex denariorum&quot;ː nobiles nuper expulsi urbi bellum inferunt et [[Hilciacum]] diripiunt. Quia [[Domus Habsburgensis|Habsburgi]] illos nobiles adiuvabant [[Decapolis|decapolitani]] sociis auxilium ferre formidabant. Tum Mulhusini societatem cum [[Pagus|pagis Helveticis]] [[Solutrium|Solutriensi]] et Basiliensi ineunt, qui praesidium mittunt.
*[[1468]]ː Mulhusini victi ab Austriacis obsidentur. Secundum pactum Basilienses et Solutrienses cum magno exercitu auxilio venerunt et obsidionem solverunt. Pax de &quot;Waldshut&quot;.
*[[1469]]ː [[Archidux|archidux Austriacus]] [[Sigismundus (archidux Austriae)|Sigismundus]] possessiones in Alsatia superiore [[Ducatus Burgundiae|duci Burgundiae]] [[Carolus Temerarius|Carolo Temerario]] pretio tradidit. Qui magnum [[Baiulus|baiulum]] in ea regione Petrum de Hagenbach designavit. [[Petrus de Hagenbach]] Mulhusinos frustra hortabatur ut nobilibus damna pensarent. Simul atrociter agebat in dominio suo.
*[[1476]]ː Petrus de Hagenbach [[Brisacum Novum|Brisaci]] morte damnatus supplicio adficitur. Archidux Sigismundus possessiones in Alsatia a Burgundiis redimit.
*[[1506]]ː ab Austriacis et [[Maximilianus I (imperator)|Maximiliano]] lacessita ut sese cum ceteris possessionibus Habsburgorum coniungeret; Mulhusia societatem confoederationis Helveticae iniit libertatis servandae causa.
*[[1512]]/[[1515]]ː  Respublica Milhusina milites in Italiam mittit qui in exercitu Helvetico pluribus proeliis adversus Francogallos interfuerunt (e.g. [[1513]]ː [[pugna apud Novariam]], 1515ː [[Pugna Marignana|pugna Marignana]]), opem papae [[Iulius II|Iulio II]] ferentes.
*[[1516]]ː pax perpetua inter Helvetios Mulhusinosque ex una parte et Franciam ex altera.
*[[1521]] 7 Iuliiː confoederati Helvetici Mulhusiae conventum habent ubi societatem mutuam renovant. 
*[[1522]]ː Mulhusini cum ceteris Helvetis regem Francorum [[Franciscus I (rex Francorum)|Franciscum I]] in [[Ducatus Mediolanensis|ducatum Mediolanensem]] sequuntur. Pugna apud Novaram. Victi sunt, Francia Mediolanensem ducatum amisit.
*[[1523]]ː cultus reformatus. [[Evangelium]] sermone Germanico in urbe praedicare per edictum magistrorum licet.
*[[1526]], 30 Iuliiː fidem dant et accipiunt a pagis reformatis, [[Basilea (pagus)|Basilea]], [[Berna (pagus)|Berna]], [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticino]]. Eodem anno [[Wolfgangus Capito]] et [[Iohannes Oecolampadius]] pastores reipublicae Milhusinae praestant.
*[[1528]]ː ecclesia Sancti Stephani omnibus imaginibus sacris spoliatur.
*[[1535]]ː bellum inter pagos reformatos et pagos catholicos. Pax iurata omnibus pagis ius religionis suae custodiendae concedit.
*[[1547]]ː [[Carolus V (imperator)|imperator Carolus Quintus]] Mulhusiam non iam imperialem urbem esse fatetur.
*[[1551]]ː [[Curia municipalis]] incendio deletur. Statim nova curia ibidem aedificata est quae hodieque exstat.
*[[1557]]-[[1564]] typographus Petrus Fabritius (hoc est vulgo Peter Schmid) Mulhusiae libros imprimit&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250916003829/https://numistral.fr/fr/impressions-mulhousiennes-du-16e-siecle Numistral]&lt;/ref&gt; 
*[[1576]]ː prima mentio in actis poenae ''Klapperstein'' (hoc est &quot;garrulorum lapis&quot;) dictae et in vetere iure Mulhusino notabilisː hunc lapidem XXV librarum e collo feminarum maledicarum appendebant atque eas ita per urbem in tergo asini sedentes  [[Nundinae|nundinarum]] die circumagebant&lt;ref&gt;Augustus Stoeber, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=y9NNAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Notice historique sur le Klapperstein ou la pierre des mauvaises langues, suivie de quelques mots sur le supplice de la lapidation par Auguste Stoeber... Avec 1 pl. représentant le Klapperstein de Mulhouse]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae]],  1856. Ludovicus Schwartz, &quot;[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9634178n/f157.item Quelques recherches sur le 'Klapperstein' de Mulhouse]&quot;, ''Bulletin du Musée historique'', 1913ː 137-156. Jean Gessler,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1942_num_21_1_1641 Le port des pierres de justice]&quot;, ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 1942ː 113-139&lt;/ref&gt;. Hic lapis hodie muro curiae municipalis cum titulo explanatorio affixus est. Etenim octavo decimo saeculo exeunte obsolevit  hoc supplicium.
*[[1580]]ː [[Michael Montanus]] urbem visit et in diario peregrinationis  curiae municipalis picturas laudat&lt;ref&gt;[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512444t.image ''Journal du voyage de Michel de Montaigne en Italie, par la Suisse et l'Allemagne en 1580 et 1581'' apud Gallica]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[1586]]ː pagi catholici legatos Mulhusinos in [[Diaeta (discretiva)|diaeta]] confoedrationis sedere vetant.
*[[1587]]ː dissensiones civiles iamdiu Mulhusiae saeviunt. Burgenses tum consilium evertunt et novum consilium eligunt. Quinque pagi reformati exercitum mittunt et die 15 iunii urbem expugnant. Victores consiliarios priores restituunt.
*[[1590]]ː coniuratio Matthiae Finingeri [[Exsilium|exsulibus]] Mulhusinis et pagis catholicis fretiː primo victores coniurati deinde ex urbe expulsi sunt. 13 burgenses morte damnati sunt.
*[[1594]]ː pestilentiae cuiusdam 600 victimae recensentur.
*[[1602]]ː legati Mulhusini societatem cum Francia renovant.
*[[1618]]ː incipit [[Bellum triginta annorum|bellum triginta annorum]]. Mulhusini qui exercitum imperialem timent praesidium a pagis Helveticis reformatis flagitant.
*[[1623]]ː Mulhusia primam monetam propriam (''Thaler'') cudit cum inscriptione MONETA NOVA MILHUSINA ex una parte et EX VNO OMNIS NOSTRA SAL(vs) ex altera&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cgb.fr/mulhouse-ecu-ou-thaler-refrappe-du-xviiie-siecle-ttb-,bfe_385105,a.html Apud cgb.fr].&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[1632]]-[[1634]]ː Suecii regionem vastant. Multi in urbem confugiunt ubi pestis saevit.
*[[1635]]ː Mulhusini ducem de Rohan et Francogallorum praesidium accipiunt. 
*[[1640]]ː Iacobus Henricus Petri, urbis scriba et mox ''burgmeister'' (&quot;burgi magister&quot;), [[Chronica|chronicam]] Mulhusinam&lt;ref&gt;Jakob-Heinrich Petri, ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ms4-AAAAcAAJ Der Stadt Mülhausen Geschichten : im Anfang des 17. Jahrhundert geschrieben; mit einem Plan der Stadt, wie sie im Jahr 1642 war]'', Mulhouse, Baret, 1838.&lt;/ref&gt;, multorum annorum opus, perfecit et pocillo aureo a Magno Consilio urbis donatus est. E qua chronica historici posteriores ut ab uberiore fonte hauserunt.
*[[1642]]ː scalptor Matthias Merian qui ''Topographiae Helvetiae'' operam dabat formam urbis publicavit&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250602190559/https://www.mulhouse.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/N3-Plan-Merian.pdf Mulhusium Alsatiae] anno 1642.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[1648]] [[24 Octobris]] - [[Pax Westphalica]] [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]] [[Osnabruga]]eque facta bello triginta annorum finem imposuit. [[Austria|Austrorum]] possessiones in Alsatia ad regem Francorum transeunt. Mulhusini qui socii Francorum in bello fuerant libertatem et foedus cum pagis Helveticis servant.
* [[1674]] mense decembriː  [[Henricus de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicecomes Turennae|Henricus de Turenne]], [[Marescalcus|Marescalcus]] [[Francia]]e in Alsatiam irrumpit et exercitum Sacri Imperii apud Mulhusiam in loco ''Galgenberg'' appellato vincit&lt;ref&gt;CRDP Argentoratense, [https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120213/http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/geographie/cartes/pdf/campagnes_turenne.pdf L’Alsace, province-frontière : les campagnes de Turenne ...]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[1692]]ː pugna ad ''Steenkerque'' commissa auxilia a Mulhusinis Francogallis missa magna damna acceperuntː omnes centuriones occisi sunt.
* [[1701]]ː [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendarium Gregorianum]] Mulhusiae ut in ceteris pagis reformatis tum demum institutum est. Primus anni dies fuit [[12 Ianuarii]].
* [[1734]]ː Francogalli cohortes [[Custodes Helvetici|custodum Helvetorum]] ad regem tuendum creaverunt. Mulhusini suam cohortem praestiterunt a Christiano Friderico Waldner von Freundstein ductam&lt;ref&gt;Expositio in Museo historico habitaː [https://web.archive.org/web/20211008113016/https://www.mulhouse.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Exposition-Waldner-de-Freundstein.pdf ''Les Waldner de Freundstein'']&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[1734]]ː lis cum ceteris pagis Helveticis oritur utrum burgensibus Mulhusinis ad curias aliorum pagorum in causis civilibus provocare liceat an iudicia curiae Mulhusinae sine provocatione sint.
* [[1740]]ː Magnum Consilium reformaturː 18 triumviris (Germanice ''Dreier'') additis nunc 78 consiliarios numerat. De omnibus provocationibus cognoscit et omnium officiorum publicorum candidatos designat. Omnes locationes operum publicorum in futurum per licitationem fieri iubentur. Austriacus exercitus Alsatiam invaditː multi incolae vicini Mulhusiam confugiunt et  pagi [[Berna (pagus)|Bernensis]] et [[Turicensis (pagus)|Turicensis]] praesidia sociis mittunt. Mulhusini duas novas cohortes custodum Helveticorum Francogallis praebent.
* [[1746]]ː Medicus Petrus Risler primus [[Bibliothecarius|biliothecarius]] urbis creatur. Eodem anno Samuel Koechlin, Ioannes Iacobus Schmalzer, Ioannes Henricus Dollfus primam telarum pictarum officinam Mulhusiae creant&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dmc.com/fr/p-dmc-histoire.html#null Histoire de DMC]. &quot;[https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes-francaises/2008/04/30/04010-20080430ARTFIG00246-deux-siecles-et-demi-d-histoire-et-plus-de-trente-ans-de-descente-aux-enfers-.php Deux siècles et demi d'histoire et plus de trente ans de descente aux enfers]&quot;, ''Le Figaro'', 30 Aprilis 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;.  Mox secunda (1752), tertia (1754); quarta (1756), quinta (1758), sexta (1762) sequuntur.
* [[1764]]ː eo anno quattuor novae telarum pictarum officinae creatae sunt, sequenti anno duaeː ita tum duodecim efficiebant&lt;ref&gt;Isabelle Bernier (2008).&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[1788]] 22 Maiiː quaestio abolita est.

=== Temporibus recentioribus (post 1789) ===
[[Fasciculus:Blason Mulhouse.svg|thumb|Insigne urbis Mulhusiae [[pistrinum|molendini]] rotam praebens.]]
* [[1791]]ː [[Rhenus superior|Praefectura Rheni Superioris]] in  vicis  reipublicae Mulhusinae finitimis, quia non Francogallici sed extranei iuris urbs erat, portoria instituit et transeuntes merces vectigalibus onerat.
* [[1792]] 20 Augustiː  cohortes Helveticae decreto [[Conventus Legislativus|Conventus Legislativi]] dimittuntur. Annona difficilior fit.
* [[1794]]  [[Consilium salutis publicae]] Mulhusinorum angustias mitigat. Frumentum in Helvetia et Germania emere eis licet. Per omnes illos annos Mulhusia legatos Lutetiam mittit, foedus de commercio icturos fustra sperantes.
* [[1796]]ː ob difficultates cum Francia [[Hilciacum|Hilciacenses]] secessionem faciunt.  
* [[1798]]ː 3 ianuarii Consilium Magnum  deditionem ad Franciam probat (97 suffragiis versus 5). Diebus sequentibus omnia bona communia veneunt et pretium eorum inter incolas, qui tum 6018 erant, dividitur. 
** 29 Ianuariiː foedus unionis cum Francia Mulhusiae signatus burgensibus recitatur et probatur.
** 11 Februarii = [[Calendarium republicanum Francicum|XXII Pluviosi anni VI]]ː [[Directorium (Francia)|Directorium Francicum]] foedus unionis ratum facit. Quod idem facit Consilium Seniorum die 1 Martii (VI Ventosi).
** 15 Martiiː feriae unionis eventum celebrant.
==== Mulhusia Francogallicaː Directorium et Primum Imperium ====
* [[1799]]ː theatrum a comoedis quibusdam Francogallis creatur (antea nefas erat fabulas scaenicas in urbem inducere).
* [[1800]]ː Iohannes Michel Hofer primus magistratus municipalis (Francogallice ''Maire'') creatus est. Iam tum enim Mulhusia commune vel municipium fuit.
* [[1803]]ː cultum catholicum in vetere ecclesia [[Ordo Fratrum Minorum|Franciscanorum]] celebrare licet.
* [[1805]]ː notarii lingua Francica uti iubentur.
* [[1807]]ː Antonius Spoerlin secundus demarchus designatur.
*[[1809]]-[[1810]]ː Prima [[machina vaporaria]] in officina Dornacensi&lt;ref&gt;Dornacum hodie pars Mulhusiae (ab anno 1914) est, tum vero vicus suburbanus.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Textile|textilium fabricatorum]] Dollfus &amp; Mieg. Turres moenium demoliuntur.
* [[1811]]ː Iosue Koechlin tertius urbis [[Demarchus|demarchus]] creatur in Antonii Spoerlin locum. Captivi Hispanici canalem inter Rhodanum et Rhenum effodiuntː pars Mulhusiensis iam anno 1812 peragitur.
* [[1813]] mense decembri victo [[Napoleo I (imperator Francogallorum)|Napoleone]] urbs ab [[Austria|Austriacis]] occupatur.
* [[1814]]ː [[Valetudinarium|Valetudinaria]] [[Russia|Russica]] et Austriaca in urbe instituuntur. Pestilentia [[Typhus (morbus)|typhi]] incolas opprimit qui pecuniam et victum victoribus insuper praestare coguntur.
* [[1815]]ː post [[Proelium Waterlooense|proelium Waterloense]] Mulhusinos oportuit inter iunium et novembrem mensem hostes denuo hospitare. Eodem anno [[Godefridus Engelmann|Godefroy Engelmann]] officinam [[Lithographia|lithographicam]] creavit ubi primus anno 1837 imagines lithographicas et coloratas edidit ([[chromolithographia]]).  &lt;ref&gt;''[https://ia800106.us.archive.org/13/items/rapportsurlalith00enge/rapportsurlalith00enge.pdf Rapport sur la lithographie introduite en France par G. Engelmann de Mulhausen, Haut-Rhin. Adressé a la Société d'encouragement de Paris par l'auteur, membre de la Société le 20 octobre 1815]''.[https://web.archive.org/web/20211017034356/http://elec.enc.sorbonne.fr/imprimeurs/node/24301 Biographia G. Engelmann apud [[Schola chartarum|Scholam Chartarum]] ]. [https://www.numistral.fr/fr/tresors/vue-de-mulhouse-publiee-par-engelmann-pere-fils-mulhouse-vers-1842 Mulhusia anno 1842 a Godefrido Engelmann et eius filio chromolithographice depicta] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt;. Item prima fabrica Mulhusina [[Chemia|chemicorum]] aperta est.

==== Regna Ludovici XVIII et Caroli X ====
[[Fasciculus:Station-provisoire-Mulhouse-1839-.jpg|thumb|Prima [[Statio ferriviaria|statio ferriviaria]] (1839).]]
[[Fasciculus:Strasbourg-Bâle gare de Mulhouse.jpg|thumb|Statio ferriviaria circa 1842.]]
* [[1815]] 14 Septembrisː [[Ludovicus XVIII]] Iohannem Henricum Dollfus demarchum (''maire'') designat in locum Iosue Koechlin.
* [[1816]]ː duo milia Austriacorum Mulhusiae castra ponunt. Novus demarchus designaturː Alexander Petrus Moll.
* [[1818]] 17 octobrisː Austriaci Mulhusia abeunt.
*[[1826]] &quot;Societas industriae&quot; (''Société industrielle'')&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sim.asso.fr/la-sim/son-histoire/fondateurs/ Les fondateurs (&quot;conditores&quot;) de la SIM]. [http://www.sim.asso.fr/ Situs officialis]&lt;/ref&gt; instituitur quae [[Innovatio|innovationem]] in oeconomia et technica et commercio promoveat. Prosperitati Mulhusinae nono decimo saeculo multum contulit. 
**Nova pars urbi additur e formosis domibus cum arcuationibus consistens (''Nouveau Quartier''), patronis industriae et ditioribus destinata&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210911113213/http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/patrimoine-industriel/mulhouse-19/nouveau_quartier.php BNPA André Studer]&lt;/ref&gt;.
** Societas ''Koechlin &amp; Co.'' officinam fundendis metallis (''fonderie'', Germanice ''Giesserei'') creat, quae postea SACM (''Société Alsacienne de constructions mécaniques'') appellata est et usque ad finem vicesimi saeculi floruit&lt;ref&gt;Nicolaus Stoskopf, ''[https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544984/document André Koechlin &amp; Cie, SACM, Wärtsilä, histoire de la Fonderie (D’Giesserei) à Mulhouse (1826-2007)]'', 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1828]]ː Rex [[Carolus X (rex Franciae)|Carolus X]] Mulhusiam visitans urbem &quot;industriae Francogallicae caput&quot; esse proclamavit&lt;ref&gt;Marie-Claire Vitoux, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_2_1986 Une entrée royale au XIXe siècle : Charles X à Mulhouse en 1828]&quot;, ''Histoire, économie &amp; société'', 1998ː 287-298&lt;/ref&gt;. Eodem anno Curia commercii (''Chambre de commerce'') instituitur quae sequentibus annis multas scholas creabit in quibus [[Chemia|chemia]], delineatio industrialis, commercium doceantur necnon Museum historiae naturalis.
*[[1829]]ː canalis navigabilis Mulhusiam cum [[Rhenus|Rheno]] coniungit. Ita [[Carbo|carbo]] invehi potest.
*[[1830]]ː bibliotheca municipalis creata
*[[1831]]ː [[Inundatio|inundatio]] maxima&lt;ref&gt;CRESAT, ''[https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530802/document Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin, France) face au risque majeur : Approche systémique et interdisciplinaire de la protection contre les inondations]'', 2010&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1832]]ː pestis [[Cholera|cholerae]] saevit. [[Argentaria]] municipalis &quot;parsimoniae&quot; (''Caisse d'Epargne'') creata.
*[[1834]]ː [[Canalis]] [[Rhodanus|Rhodanum]] cum [[Rhenus|Rheno]] coniungens inauguraturː portus Mulhusinus iam ab anno 1829 officinis textilibus ceterisque [[Industrializatio|industrialibus]] inceptis materiam necessariam praebere potuit&lt;ref&gt; Uhry (Alfred), ''Le Port de Mulhouse'', 1932 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhmc_0996-2727_1934_num_9_15_3966_t1_0473_0000_2 Recensio critica] &lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1835]]ː ultima moenia demoliuntur (maxima pars iam inter 1804 et 1809 diruta erat). Diarium ''L'Industriel Alsacien'' imprimi coepit.
*[[1839]]ː Prima [[Ferrivia|linea ferriviaria]] Alsatica inter Mulhusiam et [[Thann]] peragitur. Tribus annis a patrono industriae Mulhusinae [[Nicolaus Koechlin|Nicolao Koechlin]] strata erat. Societas ''Koechlin &amp; co'' [[Vaporitraha|machinas tractorias]] producit.
*[[1841]]ː Linea ferriviaria inter [[Basilea|Basileam]] et Argentoratum perficitur&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210910210824/http://bibliotheques.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/FR/tresors/0680115F/7/ Invitatio ad inaugurationem]&lt;/ref&gt; et festive inauguratur.
*[[1846]]ː inundationes ut prohiberet demarchus Aemilius Dollfus canalem effodi iussit quo nimietas aquae in flumine [[Helellus|Helello]] ad rivum ''Doller'' transferretur.
*[[1847]]ː ob annonae caritatem seditiones ortae sunt quas milites auxilio accersiti sanguine effuso represserunt. Mortui sunt nonnulli. Haec eventa ''Bäckefest'' a Mulhusinis appellantur&lt;ref&gt;M. -.M. Kahan-Rabecq, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/r1848_1155-8806_1937_num_34_160_1296 La crise des subsistances dans le Haut-Rhin à la veille de la Révolution de 1848 et la &quot;Fête des Boulangers&quot; à Mulhouse, 26 juin 1847]&quot;, ''Revue d'Histoire du XIXe siècle'',  1937ː 9-54&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Secunda Respublica et Secundum Imperium ====
[[Fasciculus:Schweissdissi.jpg|thumb|Statua &quot;Schweissdissi&quot; dicta ad laborem operariorum alludit.]]
*[[1848]]ː ob angustias oeconomicas auxilia extraordinaria paupertatis leniendae causa decernuntur. Magna pecuniae summa subscriptione contribuitur. Nova [[synagoga]] aedificari coepit.
** 28 Septembrisː decretum nomen urbis mutavit. Non iam ''Mülhausen'' appellanda est sed ''Mulhouse''.
** 10 Decembrisː quamquam plerique Mulhusini pro [[Eugenius Cavaignac|Eugenio Cavaignac]] suffragium tulerunt [[Napoleo III (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo Bonaparte]] praeses [[secunda respublica (Francia)|secundae reipublicae Francicae]] electus est.
* [[1851]]ː consilum communale veterem ecclesiam (cultui reformato destinatam) Sancti Stephani diruendam et novam stylo neogothico eodem loco aedificandam esse iussit.  
** 21 Decembrisː [[Plebis scitum|plebiscito]] de [[Secundum Imperium Francicum|imperio Napoleonico]] restituendo Mulhusini mutationem non probaverunt (1800 suffragia adversa versus 1683 adnuentia).
*[[1852]]ː mole rupta inundatio mediam urbem submersit.
*[[1854]]ː magnum suburbium operariis destinatum (''Cité ouvrière'') aedificatur&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060747/http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/patrimoine-industriel/mulhouse-19/cite_ouvriere.php?parent=25 Bnpa, Andreas Studer][https://web.archive.org/web/20211017135945/https://rutsch.eu/mulhouse-bale/mulhouse-la-cite-ouvriere/ La cité ouvrière de Mulhouse, un petit village dans la ville]. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b102015153 Aspectus operariorum &quot;civitatis&quot; nono decimo saeculo].&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Cholera]] multos homines necat.
*[[1855]]ː catholici novam ecclesiam neogothicam aedificare incipiunt sancto Stephano dedicatam (ut ecclesia historica et reformata).
*[[1857]]ː subpraefectura ex [[Altkirch]] Mulhusiam transfertur.
*[[1858]]ː [[Tramen vectorium|tramen]] primum Lutetia Mulhusiam venit&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211112142556/https://fr.linkfang.org/wiki/Ligne_de_Paris-Est_%C3%A0_Mulhouse-Ville Historia lineae ferriviariae]&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1868]]ː hortus zoologicus creatus&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zoo-mulhouse.com/le-parc/histoire-du-parc/ Horti zoologici historia].&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[1870]]ː mense Iulio operarii secessionem faciunt et operam intermittunt. Rumor belli post dies decem seditioni finem imponit. Nam die 19 Iulii Francia Borussiae bellum indicit.

==== Mulhusia Theodesca ====
[[Fasciculus:Milhüüse àlta Markthàllagàss.JPG|thumb| Nomina viarum et Francogallice et Alsatice indicata.]]
*[[1870]] 3 octobrisː [[Borussia|Borussiaci]] Mulhusiam intrant. A die 21 Novembris dilectus virorum  20 usque ad 40 annos natorum  habent. Tum multi incolae per Helvetiam fugiunt&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Meininger, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6583168g.r=Ernest%20Meininger%20%281852-1925%29?rk=236052;4 Mulhouse pendant la guerre de 1870-71. Notes prises au jour le jour par ***]'', Mulhusiae, 1895.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1871]] 10 Maiiː [[Pax Francofurti|Pace Francofurti]] Mulhusia ceteraque Alsatia Germaniae ceditur. Cum eis nationalitatem eligere liceret, nonnulli Mulhusini qui Theodesci fieri recusabant in Franciam metropolitanam - ut [[Alfredus Dreyfus|Alfredi Dreyfus]] familia - aut in [[Algeria|Algeriam]] coloniam emigrarunt. Nonnulli tum frustra suadebant ut pagus Mulhusinus e cetera Alsatia exceptus confoederationi Helveticae adiungeretur.
** 7 Februariiː ''Neue Mülhauser Zeitung'' creatum, diarium Germanicum.
* [[1871]]-[[1914]], aetas Theodisca dictaː Mulhusia in Terra imperiali Alsatia-Lotharingia (''Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen'') sita est cui ab anno 1879 ''Statthalter'' (&quot;legatus&quot;) praeficitur. Mulhusiae sedet propraefectus (''Kreisdirektor'') Berolini designatus. Demarchus municipalis primum simili modo designabatur, ab anno vero 1896 a consiliariis municipalibus eligebatur. Alsatici legatos ad [[Diaeta Imperii Germanici|Diaetam Imperii Germanici]] (''Reichstag'') mittebantː Mulhusiae factio ''[[Factio socialis democratica Germaniae|SPD Elsass-Lothringen]]'' maxime pollebat. Multa aedificia publica quorum pleraque adhuc exstant tum sive erecta sive inaugurata sunt ut [[Valetudinarium|valetudinarium]] ''Hasenrain''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211112122949/http://sitemap.dna.fr/articles/200710/14/inauguration-du-hasenrain,mulhouse,000007714.php Hasenrain anno 1898 inauguratum, ''DNA'' 14 Octobris 2007] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211112123133/https://www.ghrmsa.fr/nos-sites/centre-hospitalier-du-hasenrain-de-mulhouse-626.html Situs interretialis hodiernus]&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Cursus publicus|cursus publici]] curia&lt;ref&gt;Raymond Oberlé, ''Histoire de la poste à Mulhouse'', Alsatia, 1974.&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Viridarium|viridaria]] publica ''Salvator''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211228223058/https://www.mulhouse.fr/bouger-sortir/parcs-et-jardins/parc-salvator/ Descriptio in municipali situ]&lt;/ref&gt; et ''Steinbach''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211214023013/https://www.mulhouse.fr/bouger-sortir/parcs-et-jardins/square-steinbach/ Ibidem]&lt;/ref&gt;, castra militum&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125911/https://www.servirlepublic.fr/2008/09/900-logements-dans-les-anciennes-casernes-de-mulhouse/ &quot;900 habitants dans les anciennes casernes de Mulhouse&quot; Citiya]&lt;/ref&gt;, Novus lacus navalis (''Nouveau Bassin'') qui portus Milhusinus usque ad annum 1962 fuit&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125442/https://www.visit.alsace/234009059-Le-Nouveau-Bassin/ Visit Alsace]&lt;/ref&gt;, scholae plures inprimis ad puellas&lt;ref&gt;Eric Ettwiller, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/alsace/1622 L’essor de l’enseignement secondaire des filles en Alsace (1871-1918)]&quot;, ''Revue d'Alsace'', 2012(38)ː 191-223. [http://www.atlas.historique.alsace.uha.fr/fr/par-themes/156-les-ecoles-superieures-de-filles-en-alsace-1900-191718.html Puellarum scholae superiores in Alsatia 1900-17]. [https://www.lavieamulhouse.com/mulhouse/index.php?topic=12535.0 Schola superior catholica].&lt;/ref&gt;, ecclesiae plures, mercatus tectus (1908)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jds.fr/agenda/manifestations/le-marche-fete-ses-100-ans-12307_A JDS 18 Octobris 2008]&lt;/ref&gt;, balinea &quot;Romana&quot; anno 1912 coepta&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA68000050 Base Mérimée]&lt;/ref&gt;,  carcer ampliatus qui usque ad mensem Novembrem anni 2021 in usu fuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lalsace.fr/faits-divers-justice/2021/11/10/maison-d-arret-de-mulhouse-la-longue-nuit-du-transfert-des-detenus ''L'Alsace'' 10 Novembris 2021]&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Iudicium|iudicia]] (''Landgericht''&lt;ref&gt;[https://cartorum.fr/mulhausen-e-elsass-lothringen-schwarzwaldplatz-mit-landgericht-zeno-ansichtskarten-35539.html Vetus photographia]&lt;/ref&gt; et ''Amtsgericht''&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-autres-monuments/tribunal-dinstance/ Photographiae in situ ''La Fonderie''].&lt;/ref&gt;), ''tramway'' vaporarius (1882) et mox electricus (1894)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.solea.info/decouvrir-solea/histoire-du-reseau Milhusinae vecturae historia].&lt;/ref&gt;... Simul novae fabricae industriales ad [[Electricitas|electricitatem]] aut ad [[Aëroplanum|aeroplanorum]] constructionem (''Aviatik Automobil und Flugapparatefabrik''&lt;ref&gt;Bello orto fabrica in Germaniam translata est [https://web.archive.org/web/20211113151745/https://db0nus869y26v.cloudfront.net/fr/Aviatik]&lt;/ref&gt;) aut [[photographia|photographiam]]&lt;ref&gt;Braun et compagnie Dornaci [https://data.bnf.fr/fr/14012307/braun_et_compagnie/fr.pdf BNF data]&lt;/ref&gt; spectantes creantur. [[Metallum|Metalla]] [[Potassium|potassi]] non longe a Mulhusia ad septentrionem anno 1906 inveniuntur et statim exercentur (Gewerkschaft Amélie). Argentaria validissima Industriam fovent&lt;ref&gt;Nicolas Stoskopf, [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01743669/document ''Une réussite méconnue: le Comptoir d'escompte de Mulhouse ...''], 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Eodem tempore Francogalli [[Alfredus Dreyfus|Alfredi Dreyfus]] iudicio  in duas partes velut discissi sunt qui miles Francogallicus Mulhusiae natus et [[Iudaei|iudaeus]] falso -ut mox liquit- accusatus et damnatus esset quod secreta militaria Germanis vendidisset. Erant qui innocentem damnatum pati nullo modo possent, cum alii nihil ita vitandum esse arbitrarentur ut rescisso iudicio militarium institutorum dignitatem polluere.
*[[1877]]ː ''L'express Journal de Mulhouse'', novum diarium Francogallice et Theodisce impressum. ''L' Industriel Alsacien'' non iam editur.
*[[1914]], 1 Iuniiː vicus finitimus Dornacum (circiter 11 000 inc.) in Mulhusiense commune incorporatur.
** mense Augustoː bello indicto Francogallicus exercitus Elisatiam quam celerrime recuperare cupiens bis Mulhusiam intrat&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.histoire-genealogie.com/Une-photo-rare-l-entree-des-troupes-francaises-dans-Mulhouse-en-aout-1914 Introitus photographice immortalitati traditus].&lt;/ref&gt;, bis sese recipere cogitur. Nec per quattuor annos pugnae umquam longe ab urbe aberunt quoniam Francogallici [[Thann]] et [[Dannemarie (Rhenus Superior)|Dannemarie]] occupabant. Itaque pars incolarum et machinae industriae in Germaniam translatae sunt.
*[[1918]], 17 novembrisː die septimo post [[Armistitium|armistitium]] demum exercitus generalis Hirschauer Mulhusiam intravit quae Francogallica urbs fuit usque ad annum [[1940]]. [[Sovieti]] qui iam ut in cetera Germania Mulhusiae instituebantur tum dissoluti.

==== Post 1918 ====
[[Fasciculus:Zup Mulhouse.jpg|thumb|Vicus &quot;des coteaux&quot;.]]
*[[1919|1919]]-[[1939]]ː tempus inter duo bella Mulhusinis difficile fuit quia oeconomia recessit. Novi vici ad iustos penates  incolarum multitudini adsignandos aedificati sunt, ut &quot;Civitas Drouot&quot;.
*[[1932]], 29 decembrisː [[Statio ferriviaria|statio ferriviaria]] hodierna inauguratur.
*[[1940]]ː post cladem a Francogallis acceptam Alsatia Germaniae statim adnexa et cum pago [[Badenia|Badensi]] coaluit in ''Reichsgau Oberrhein'' vel ''Baden-Elsass''.
*[[1944]]ː 11 et 25 Maii necnon 3 et 11 Augusti impetus aerarii multa damna circa stationes ferriviarias praebuerunt et circiter 50 homines interfecerunt.
**24 novembris Mulhusia liberata est. Anno 1944 multa damna ex aeriis impetibus acceperat. In suburbio septentrionali Germani restiterunt usque ad mensem Februarium anni [[1945]].
*[[1946]], 8 Maiiː [[aeroportus]] internationalis Basilea/Mulhusia prope [[Saint-Louis (Rhenus Superior)|Saint-Louis]] inauguratur&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lalsace.fr/economie/2021/05/07/diaporama-1946-2021-l-euroairport-de-bale-mulhouse-fete-ses-75-ans ''L'Alsace''ː Diaporama]&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[1947]]ː vicus [[Bourtzwiller]] in commume Mulhusinum incorporatur.
*[[1956]]-[[1981]]ː [[Aemilius Muller]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article145342 Dictionnaire biographique Le Maitron.]&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Factio socialistica (Francia)|socialistarum]] factionis, fuit [[Demarchus|demarchus]]. Societatem comitialem cum aliis factionibus UNR et [[MRP]] fecerat. Tum novi vici ad habitationem renovandam  aedificati sunt, ut vicus ''des Coteaux'' inter 1961 et 1976 aedificatus, qui novem milia incolarum hodie numerat.
*[[1962]]ː societas Francica autocinetorum ''Peugeot'' in [[Commune|communi]] [[Sausheim]] fabricam aperuit quae hodieque maxima in [[Conurbatio|conurbio]] Mulhusino manet et plurimos operarios adhibet.
*[[1973]]ː Turris Europae inaugurata, architecto Francisco Spoerry&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/insitu/20178 Le quartier et la tour de l’Europe à Mulhouse (1959-2015). Perspectives européennes d’un patrimoine transfrontalier]&quot;, In Situ Patrimoines, 2019(38)&lt;/ref&gt;. Summa turri, tricesimo primo tabulato, [[Popina sellariola|popina sellariola]] et versatilis quae circuitum una hora peragebat et in omnes regiones conspectum insuperabilem hospitibus praebebat aptata erat&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lalsace.fr/haut-rhin/2019/03/15/tour-de-l-europe-la-ville-veut-sauver-le-restaurant ''L'Alsace'' 15 Martii 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita Milhusini post multa saecula cenationem rotundam [[Domus Aurea|aureae domus]] [[Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus|Neronianae]] imitabantur. Quae turris velut emblema urbis hodiernae et eius Europaei fati facta est.
*[[1975]]ː Universitas Alsatiae Superioris&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uha.fr/fr/index.html Situs officialis]&lt;/ref&gt; (UHA, ''Université de Haute Alsace'') creata
*[[1986]]ː Societas industriae mechanicae SACM cessat&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dna.fr/culture-loisirs/2020/08/13/diaporama-sacm-une-histoire-unique-depuis-1826 Diaporama]&lt;/ref&gt;. Illis annis omnes fabricae textilium cessant et multi victum amittunt. Mulhusiae quoque [[Campi oeconomici|campus secundarius]] [[Campus tertiarius|tertiario campo]] via cedere coeperat.
*[[2007]]ː pars universitatis (iura, scientiae societatis) in vetere officina fundendorum metallorum (''Fonderie'') ad hoc ipsum renovata collocata est&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uha.fr/fr/uha-1/campus-environnement/campus-fonderie.html#! Campus Fonderie]&lt;/ref&gt;.
*[[2009]]ː Diuturnas post difficultates&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/dmc-en-redressement-judiciaire-et-vers-le-demantelement.N24041 ''L'Usine nouvelle'', 5 mai 2008]&lt;/ref&gt; DMC (''Dollfus Mieg et compagnie'') anno 1746 creata foro cessit. Bona societatis per sequestres iudicio designatos venumdantur.
*[[2011]]ː [[Tramen vectorium|tramen celerrimum]] (TGVː ''train à grande vitesse'') Mulhusiam cum Lutetia et Lugduno coniungit.
*[[2020]]ː a mense Februario usque ad mensem Aprilem [[Pestilentia|pestilentia]] e [[COVID-19|COVID19]] nata ex coetu [[Ecclesia Evangelica|Evangelico]] Mulhusiae maxime saeviit atque inde in ceteram Franciam disseminata est&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/mulhouse-un-rassemblement-evangeliste-a-lorigine-de-lepidemie-en-france_3890375.html France Info 29 Martii 2020.] [https://www.ouest-france.fr/grand-est/mulhouse-68100/covid-19-un-an-apres-le-rassemblement-a-mulhouse-les-evangeliques-eprouves-par-la-deferlante-7124975 Ouest France 20/01/2021].&lt;/ref&gt;. Militare valetudinarium portatile Mulhusiae erectum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2020/03/23/coronavirus-voici-a-quoi-ressemble-l-hopital-militaire-installe-a-mulhouse_6034110_3244.html ''France Bleu'' 23 Martii 2020.]&lt;/ref&gt; et multi aegri homines in vicinas civitates (Germaniam, Helvetiam...) curandi gratia transportati suntː adeo epidemiae valetudinarium locale impar fuitǃ
*[[2024]] Mulhusia octingentesimum annum urbis creatae celebrat&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mplusinfo.fr/une-annee-de-fete-pour-celebrer-les-800-ans-de-mulhouse-mulhouse/ Une année de fête pour célébrer les 800 ans de Mulhouse]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fasti demarchorum a bello 1870/1 ==
* [[Iohannes Mieg-Koechlin]] (1872–1887)
* [[Carolus Hack]] (1887–1901)
* [[Iosua Wick]] (1901–1902)
* [[Aemilius Kayser]] (1902–1908)
* [[Augustus Klug]] (1908–1913)
* [[Alfredus Wolff]] (1913–1914)
* [[Iosephus Cossmann]] (1914–1918)
* [[Alfredus Wolff]] (1919–1923)
* [[Aemilius Rémy]] (1923–1925)
* [[Augustus Wicky]] (1925–1940)
* [[Philippus Herbold]] (1940)
* [[Paulus Maas]] (1940–1944)
* [[Lucianus Gander]] (1947–1953)
* [[Iohannes Wagner]] (1953–1956)
* [[Aemilius Muller]] (1956–1981)
* [[Iosephus Klifa]] (1981–1989)
* [[Iohannes Maria Bockel]] (1989–2010)
* [[Iohannes Rottner]] (2010–2017)
* [[Michaela Lutz]] (2017-2026)
* [[Fridericus Marquet]] (ab anno 2026)

== Quae visenda sint ==
=== De museis ===
[[Fasciculus:Bugatti Type 35B 001.jpg|thumb|Bugatti 1924 (Museum Autocinetorum).]]
Anno [[2008]] Mulhusia ''Ville d'art et d'histoire'' (urbs artium et historiae&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231208232627/https://www.mulhouse.fr/decouvrir/patrimoine/histoire-de-la-ville/ Situs municipalis]&lt;/ref&gt;) publice appellata est quia patrimonium municipio magnae curae erat. Simul domus patrimonii&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220203184248/https://www.mulhouse.fr/bouger-sortir/culture/maison-patrimoine/ Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt; (''Maison du patrimoine'') creata est quae expositiones ad urbanam historiam pertinentes proponit. Multa musea Mulhusiae inveneris quae ad historiam technicarum plerumque spectant, ut aequum erat in urbe fabricarum industria nota.
* '''Museum Autocinetorum''' (''Cité de l'automobile'') e collectione privata fratrum Schlumpf natum et in  fabrica quondam textili collocatum circa 450 [[Autocinetum|autocineta]] exponit&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210329084528/https://www.mulhouse-alsace.fr/culture-tourisme/musees/cite-de-lautomobile-collection-schlumpf/ Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt; ab anno 1878 inter quae 120 Bugatti recensentur (nam fabrica autocinetorum Bugatti apud [[Molsheim]] in Elisatia olim fuit).
* '''Museum Nationale Ferriviae''' (''Cité du train''), maximum in Europa [[Ferrivia|ferriviae]] deditum museum&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110903122907/http://www.citedutrain.com/fr/train/ Situs interretialis]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824002358/http://www.citedutrain.com/fr/train/626-collections/ Hic clarissimas machinas inspicere potes]&lt;/ref&gt;. Iam  anno 1969 decretum, anno 1976 in locum hodiernum transfertur.
*'''Electropolis'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.musee-electropolis.fr/musee-electropolis/expositions-et-collections Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;ː Museum [[Electricitas|electricitatis]] et energiae. Ibi inter alias ingentes aut ingeniosas machinas [[rotor|rotorem]] ex [[Ergasterium atomicum Fessenheim|ergasterio atomico]] [[Fessenheim]] videris.
*'''Museum Vestium impressarum''' (''Musée de l'impression sur étoffes''), nono decimo saeculo creatum memoriam fabricarum textilium retinet quae  iam octavo decimo saeculo Mulhusiensibus prosperitatem et  famam parabant. Colores et ornamenta per [[Prelum typographicum|praela]] quaedam telis imprimebantur&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.musee-impression.com/ Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.
*'''Museum Chartarum pictarum''' (''Musée du papier peint'')ː non Mulhusiae sed in vico [[Rixheim]] ad Mulhusiam positum est ubi octavo decimo saeculo fabricator Mulhusiensis telarum pictarum filio suo officinam chartarum pictarum condidit, fabricam Zuber&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zuber.fr/fr/historique-zuber Historia fabricae Zuber].&lt;/ref&gt;. Non tantum chartas ex illa officina sed pulcherrima exemplaria ex omni Francia exponunt.
*'''Museum Historicum''' in antiquo palatio urbano collocatum ubi pactum unionis subscriptum est.
[[Hortus zoologicus|Horto zoologico]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zoo-mulhouse.com/le-parc/animaux/ Situs interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt; quoque municipium gloriatur decimo nono saeculo iam condito qui hodie  [[Species in discrimen adducta|speciebus extinctione minatis]] praecipuam operam dat et varias collaborationes ad eas tuendas iniit&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zoo-mulhouse.com/protection-des-especes/conservation-programmes-de-recherche/]&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== De monumentis ===
Haec aedificia catalogo Monumentorum Historicorum Franciae inscripta sunt&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.commune-mairie.fr/monuments-historiques/mulhouse-68224/ Catalogus monumentorum historicorum] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201029185137/https://www.tourisme-mulhouse.com/uploads/pdf/batiments-prestigieux.pdf Eadem cum notitia historica]&lt;/ref&gt;ː turris Diaboli&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/tour-du-diable/ Historia Francogallice audienda].&lt;/ref&gt;, vestigia moenium (''Bollwerk''), ecclesia mediaevalis et templum Sancti Stephani&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/temple-saint-etienne/ Photographiae et descriptio Francogallice audienda]&lt;/ref&gt;, capella Sancti Iohannis&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/chapelle-saint-jean/ Descriptio Francogallice legenda et audienda]&lt;/ref&gt;, curia &quot;Catenarum&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/cour-des-chaines/ Descriptio Francogallice adienda et photographiae]&lt;/ref&gt;, curia &quot;Lotharingiae&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211228225654/https://www.mulhouse.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Exposition-larch%C3%A9ologie-raconte-lhistoire-de-la-Cour-de-Lorraine.pdf Historia per archaeologiam restituta]&lt;/ref&gt;, curia municipalis&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/hotel-de-ville-musee-historique/ UHA Les monuments du centre]&lt;/ref&gt;, domus Mieg&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/maison-mieg/ UHA Domus Mieg Francogallice descripta]&lt;/ref&gt;, balinea municipalia&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/bains-municipaux/ Descriptio Francogallice audienda et photographiae]&lt;/ref&gt;, iudicia aetate Theodesca aedificata&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-autres-monuments/tribunal-de-grande-instance/ UHA Tribunal de grande instance]&lt;/ref&gt;, synagoga&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/synagogue/ Descriptio Francogallice audienda]&lt;/ref&gt;, ecclesia catholica Sancti Stephani&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/eglise-saint-etienne/ Descriptio Francogallice audienda]&lt;/ref&gt;, statua ''Schweissdissi'' (1905)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211116102943/https://www.schweissdissi.com/la-statue-du-schweissdissi/son-histoire/ Confraternitas &quot;Schweissdissi]&lt;/ref&gt;, aedificium anulare (1955)&lt;ref&gt;[https://patrimoine-mulhouse.uha.fr/index.php/les-monuments-du-centre/batiment-annulaire/ UHAː photographiae et descriptio Francogallice audienda]&lt;/ref&gt; aliaeque veteres domus privatae.

=== [[Ars viaria]] (''Street art'') ===
[[Fasciculus:20170805 279 mulhouse.jpg|thumb|Ars viariaː falsae [[fenestra|fenestrae]] et [[scalae portatiles]] in muro caeco pictae. Paene verae videntur.]]
Ut in Helvetia Mulhusiae in caecis muris picturas varias inveneris. Iam sexto decimo saeculo muri curiae municipalis picti erant et octavo decimo saeculo exeunte Matthaeus Mieg &quot;le Chroniqueur&quot; dictus, pictor optimus, frontem domus suae picturis oculos fallentibus ornavit (''maison Mieg''). Non tantum manentes picturae sunt sed in nonnullis muris unoquoque mense artifices nova opera creant atque vulgo admiranda praebent&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=street+art+mulhouse&amp;qpvt=street+art+mulhouse&amp;form=IGRE&amp;first=1&amp;tsc=ImageBasicHover Imaginum collectio][https://web.archive.org/web/20211027100546/https://apps.tourisme-alsace.info/photos/mulhouse/photos/234010299-street_art_a_mulhouse.pdf Catalogus praecipuorum operum]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Demographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Einwohnerentwicklung von Mülhausen.svg|thumb|Numerus incolarum ab anno 1700 crescens.]]
Recensio  incolarum his duobus proximis saeculis fuit haecː
* [[1800]]ː6 018	 [[1806]]ː8 053	  [[1821]]ː9 603 	
*[[1831]]ː13 300   [[1836]]ː16 932	 [[1841]]ː20 129	[[1846]]ː29 415 	[[1851]]ː29 574	 [[1856]]ː45 981 [[1861]]ː45 587	[[1866]]ː58 773	
* [[1871]]ː52 892 	[[1875]]ː58 513	  [[1880]]ː63 629	 [[1885]]ː69 759 	[[1890]]ː76 892 	[[1895]]ː82 986	 [[1900]]ː89 118 [[1905]]ː94 498	
* [[1910]]ː95 041	[[1921]]ː99 226	 [[1926]]ː99 892	[[1931]]ː99 534		[[1936]]ː96 697	 [[1946]]ː87 655		[[1954]]ː99 079 [[1962]]ː108 995		
* [[1968]]ː116 336	[[1975]]ː117 013	[[1982]]ː112 157	[[1990]]ː108 357		[[1999]]ː110 359	[[2006]]ː110 514	[[2011]]ː110 351		[[2016]]ː108 399	[[2018]]ː108 942    [[2023]]ː104 978

Nono decimo saeculo ob [[Industrializatio|industrializationem]] numerus incolarum quattuordecies multiplicatus est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211030082034/http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/data/patrimoine-industriel/mulhouse-19/croissance.php BNPA Croissance démographique]&lt;/ref&gt;. Minuitur tempore bellorum (1866–1871 et 1910-1921&lt;ref&gt;Quod in statisticis celatur quia Dornacum anno 1910 commune sui generis erat.&lt;/ref&gt; 1936–1946) sed etiam ob [[Discrimen oeconomicum|angustias oeconomicas]] (1846–1851, 1866–1871 et inter 1931 et 1936 necnon 1975–1990). Vicesimo primo saeculo numerus stabilis manet quia res oeconomica non iam crescit et multi in circumiacentibus [[Commune|communibus]] domos singulas habitare malunt. Incrementum inter 1910 et 2021 vicena per centena non superat. Maximus fuit numerus tempore [[Petroleum|petrolei]] pretium exardescens (1973) antecedente.

Maxime [[Cosmopolitanismus|cosmopolitanam]] esse gloriatur urbs Mulhusia quae 136 nationalitates diversas&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xb6nl9 Clip]&lt;/ref&gt; in territorio suo recensuit. Olim extranei e [[Polonia]] et [[Italia]] plerumque veniebant, nunc plurimi sunt qui ex [[Turcia]] et [[Algeria]] veniunt&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2020954?sommaire=2106113&amp;geo=COM-68224 Census extraneorum Mulhusiae]. [https://www.linternaute.com/ville/mulhouse/ville-68224/demographie Mulhusienses statistice digesti]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Clari cives ==
=== Nati ===
* [[1728]] - [[Ioannes Henricus Lambert]], mathematicus [[Berolinum|Berolini]] mortuus anno 1777
* [[1788]] - [[Godefridus Engelmann]], chromolithographiae inventor ibidem mortuus anno 1839
* [[1859]] - [[Alfredus Dreyfus]], [[miles]] (mortuus [[1935]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/culture-loisirs/mulhouse-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-dreyfus-avec-un-monument-square-steinbach-1475998058 Statua militis Dreyfus Mulhusiae inaugurata]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1866]] - [[Alfredus Werner]], mortuus 1919. [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|Praemio Nobeliano]] in chemia anno [[1913]] honoratus est.
* [[1912]] - [[Franciscus Spoerry]], architectus, mortuus anno 1999.
=== Educati ===
*[[Albertus Schweitzer]] 1875-1965, ''abitur'' Mulhusiae absolvit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Tour de l'Europe (Mulhouse) (1).jpg|thumb|[[Turris]] Europae, insigne hodiernae urbis velut in trivio positae inter Franciam, Germaniam, Helvetiam.]]
== Plura legere si cupis ==
=== Diaria et periodica vetera ===
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb343699219/date ''Bulletin du Musée historique de Mulhouse'', 1876-1980 apud Gallica]
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34405381g/date ''Bulletin de la Société industrielle de Mulhouse'' 1829-1939 apud Gallica]
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32772298w/date.item ''L'Expressː journal de Mulhouse''  1884-1914 apud Gallica]
*  [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32791266f/date ''L'Industriel alsacien : journal de l'industrie, du commerce et de l'agriculture'' 1835-1877 apud Gallica]
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34424059n/date ''Oberelsässische Landeszeitung(1897-)'' 1914-1918 apud Gallica]
* [https://data.bnf.fr/fr/34539556/der_mulhauser_arbeiterfreund/ ''Der Mülhauser Arbeiterfreund'' 1890-1911]
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;version=1.2&amp;collapsing=disabled&amp;query=%28dc.title%20all%20%22M%C3%BClhauser%20Tagblatt%22%29%20and%20arkPress%20all%20%22cb34424068m_date%22&amp;rk=21459;2 ''Mülhauser Tagblatt'' 1914-1918 apud Gallica]
*[https://data.bnf.fr/fr/atelier/41947652/mulhauser_und_elsasser_anzeiger/ ''Mülhauser und Elsässer Anzeiger'' 1892-1905]
* [https://data.bnf.fr/34424063/mulhauser_volksblatt/ ''Mülhauser Volksblatt'' 1919-1942]
*[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32822970k/date ''Neue Mülhauser Zeitung'' 1914-1918 apud Gallica]

=== Eruditorum dissertationes ===
* Isabelle Bernier, ''[https://books.openedition.org/pumi/34666 Négoce et industrie à Mulhouse au XVIIIe siècle (1696-1798)]'', Presses Universitaires du Midi, 2008.
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/alsace/1561 Négoce et industrie à Mulhouse au XVIIIe siècle]&quot;, ''Revue d'Alsace'', 2006ː 487-496

* Stephan Jonas, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/pul/14651 Structures industrielles et politique urbaine à Mulhouse au xixe siècle (1798-1870)]&quot; in ''Construire la ville'', Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1983ː 87-115
** &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rgest_0035-3213_1985_num_25_2_1578 La ville industrielle : questions d'identité]&quot;, ''Revue Géographique de l'Est'', 1985ː 231-240
* Georgius Livet et Raimundus Oberlé, ''Histoire de Mulhouse : des origines à nos jours'', Argentorati,  Ed. des &quot;Dernières nouvelles d'Alsace, 1977 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0335-5985_1980_num_49_2_1217_t1_0283_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Ernest Meininger, ''Histoire de Mulhouse de ses origines à nos jours'', Mulhusiae, 1923.
*Bernhard Metz, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/alsace/990 Essai sur la hiérarchie des villes médiévales d’Alsace (1250-1350). 2e partie]&quot;,  ''Revue d’Alsace'',  2008: 129-167
*Raymond Oberlé, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_1960_num_15_5_420668 L'histoire de l'éducation, contribution à l'histoire sociale : l'exemple de Mulhouse]&quot;,  ''Annales'', 1960ː 963-973
** ''L'enseignement à Mulhouse de 1798 à 1870'', Parisiis, Les Belles Lettres, 1961
**	''Histoire de la poste à Mulhouse'', Alsatia, 1974
**	''Mulhouse ou La genèse d'une ville'', Editions du Rhin, 1985
** ''Mulhouse : panorama monumental et architectural des origines à 1914'', Argentorati, 1983
**	''Les relations entre la Confédération Helvétique et son alliée la République de Mulhouse pendant la Guerre de Trente Ans'', Cadurci, 1961
*''Florence Ott, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_0000-0001_2005_act_127_5_5191 L’enseignement technique : un souci constant de la société industrielle de Mulhouse]&quot;, ''Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques'', 2005ː 153-163
**	''La Société industrielle de Mulhouse, 1826-1876 : ses membres, son action, ses réseaux'', Argentorati, 1999 
**	''La société industrielle de Mulhouse au temps de l'empire allemand, 1871-1918'', Mulhusiae, 2004
* Nicolas Stoskopf, &quot;[https://hal.science/hal-01272292/document Industrialisation et désindustrialisation à Mulhouse, une trajectoire singulière (XVIIIe-XXe siècles)]&quot;, ''Annuaire historique de Mulhouse'', 2007: 73-79.
*David Tournier, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/alsace/135 La construction des deux Saint-Etienne. Un catalyseur des crispations interconfessionnelles à Mulhouse (1830-1866)]&quot;, ''Revue d’Alsace'', 2010: 71-99
*Marie-Claire Vitoux, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_4_1792 Éthique protestante et philanthropie libérale : le cas mulhousien au XIXe siècle]&quot;, ''Histoire, économie &amp; société'', 1995ː 595-607
*Léonard-Georges Werner,	''Topographie historique du vieux Mulhouse'', Massiliae, 1979 (prima editio 1949)
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]]

== Coniunctiones communium ==
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germania]] [[Cassella]], [[Germania]], ab 1965

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mulhouse|Mulhusiam}}
* {{INSEE commune|68224|de=Mulhusia}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=24395 De hoc communi apud Cassini]
* [http://www.mulhouse.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
* {{LHH|7089|auctor=Nicolas Schreck}}

[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]]
[[Categoria:Mulhusia|!]]</text>
      <sha1>2mmfk5rtjkctpt5x2muh40lnc0hqurn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reduplicatio (lingua)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993584</id>
      <parentid>3386074</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:14:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de radice et consonante</comment>
      <origin>3993584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1880" sha1="deeqzm0ia3doo1gjp94d8kykm8nriu9" xml:space="preserve">'''Reduplicatio''' [[morphologia (linguistica)|morphologica]] est verborum mutandorum ratio, qua verbi [[radix (linguistica)|radix]] tota aut partim repetitur.

== Reduplicatio Indoeuropaea ==
Indoeuropaeo infecto perfectoque indefinitoque duae reduplicationes fuerunt.

Infecti reduplicatio initialem radicis [[consonans|consonantem]] ac vocalem i constabat, ut radix reducta esset, v. gr.: ''*gi-gn|'' [[lingua latina|latine]] ''gi-gn|o'', [[lingua graeca|graece]] ''γί-γν|ομαι''.

Perfecti indefinitique reduplicatio initialem radicis consonantem ac vocalem e constabat, v. gr.: ''*we-wert|'': [[lingua latina|latine]] ''*wewertit &gt; vert|it'', [[lingua sanscrita|sanscrite]] ''vávarti''. 

== Reduplicatio graeca ==
[[Lingua Graeca antiqua]] in perfecti reduplicatione Indoeuropaea norma non differebat: ''λέλυκα, πέπτωκα, γέγραφα, λέλοιπα''. Radicibus cum prima littera adspirata dissimilatio notanda, v. gr.: ''*θέ-θνηκα &gt; τέ-θνηκα'', ''χε-χόρευκα &gt; κε-χόρευκα''.

Verbis radicibus cum prima littera vocale non reduplicatio, sed auctus, v. gr.: ''ἑ-όρικα &gt; ὥρικα'' (ab ''ὁρίζω'').

== Reduplicatio latina ==
Latina lingua in perfecto propria reduplicatione utitur: primam radicis consontantem sumebat secutam breve vocale cuius sonitus idem ut prima radicis vocali: ''cu-curr|i'', ''mo-mord|i''. Verba autem reducta radice reduplicationem cum vocale ''ĕ'' habent: ''te-tulimus &lt; *tetlomos''.

Radice in ''s'' liquida atque occlusiva incipiente, ''s'' radicalis abest: ''*spospondai &gt; spopondi''.

Verba cum prefixo reduplicationem amissam habet: ''reueuertai &gt; reverti''.

== Reduplicatio Iaponica ==
[[Lingua Iaponica|Iaponice]] totius radicis reduplicatio parvo usu adest., v. gr.: ''人'' (''hito'', &quot;persona&quot;) → ''人々'' (''hitobito'', &quot;omnes gentes&quot;).

[[Categoria:Linguistica]]</text>
      <sha1>deeqzm0ia3doo1gjp94d8kykm8nriu9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ozon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993617</id>
      <parentid>3961302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T06:58:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6970" sha1="7mooeznl1vhloodl3vd1azak3wxhq8d" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Ozone-1,3-dipole.svg|thumb|Ozoni [[formula chemica]].]]

{{res|Ŏzŏn}}&lt;ref&gt;Gen. ''ozontis.'' [[Ioannes Iulius Seeck|Ioannis Iulii Seeck Rigensis]], [https://books.google.ru/books?id=l6lMAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=ozontis#v=snippet&amp;q=ozontis&amp;f=false ''Meletemata de hydrargyri effectu'' (Dorpati: 1859), 19–26]; [[Eduardus Meyer|Eduardi Meyer]], [https://books.google.ru/books?id=FFxPAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=ozontis#v=snippet&amp;q=ozontis&amp;f=false ''Disquisitiones de intoxicatione acuta phosphoro effecta'' (Dorpati: 1861), 13–22].&lt;/ref&gt; ({{pns|ŏntĭs|n}}) vel {{res|ozonum}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok,'' andra upplagan (Holmiae: Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] {{Polytonic|ὄζον}} ‘olens’), est [[molecula]] ex trinis  [[atomus|atomis]] [[oxygenium|oxygeni]] constans. In [[natura]]li [[pressio|pressione]] [[aer|aeria]] est [[gas]] sublividum, quod [[respiratio]]ni nocere potest. [[Odor]]em [[allium sativum|allio]] fragrantem habet, qui frigidus post tonitrum imbremque sentitur. E quo ''principio olenti'' nomen accepit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Christianus Fridericus Schönbein|Schönbein]] (1840), &quot;An diese Bemerkung knüpfe ich noch den Vorschlag, das riechende Princip ''Ozon'' zu nennen,&quot; p. 635.&lt;/ref&gt;. Infra -112 [[Gradus Celsianus|gradus Celsianos]] liquidum caeruleum fit et [[Materia displosiva|displosivum]].

== De ozonte creato et deleto ==
[[Fasciculus:Ozone cycle.svg|thumb|Circulus [[ozonum|Ozoni]]-[[oxygenium|Oxygenii]] in strato ozontis.]]
Ozon in [[atmosphaera]] elata quae vulgo stratosphaera appellatur formatur cum [[Radiatio ultraviolacea|radii UV]] a sole emissi moleculas dioxygenii (O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) percutiunt atque eas secant in duos atomos. Tum atomus O singularis, quod [[Radicale (chemia)|radicale]] est duos [[Electron|electrones]] impares praebens, celeriter cum O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; [[Reactio chemica|reagit]] quocum O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; format. [[Stratum ozontis]] fit a quo omnes [[Organismus|organismi]] in tellure viventes a radiatione ultraviolacea proteguntur: nam cum radii solis ozonum rursus secant in O et  O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;  multa energia periculosa absorbetur. Et atomi O rursus ozonum redintegrant ita ut in naturalibus conditionibus quantitas ozoni stabilis maneat etiamsi secundum anni tempora fluctuatur.

Ab anno 1970 investigatores docuerunt substantias nonnullas ex industria humana enatas, imprimis [[Nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] oxida [[Aëroplanum|aëroplanis]] emissa&lt;ref&gt;Crutzen, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Chlorofluori carbonida|chlorofluori carbonida]] (CFC)&lt;ref&gt;Molina et Rowland, 1974.&lt;/ref&gt; ozon delere. Nam si radicale chemicum O cum alia molecula quam dioxygenio cohaeret e cyclo ozontis exiit, eo magis quod [[chlorus]] [[catalysis|catalytice]] agit. Et anno 1985 magnum foramen in strato ozontis renuntiatum est super [[antarctica]], quod vitae terrestri exitium minabatur.  Anno [[1987]] [[Protocollum Montis Regii]] nunc a 197 (hoc est paene universis) civitatibus ratum substantiarum CFC prohibitionem iubebat: quod protocollum generi humano fortasse saluti fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701224537/https://www.forbes.fr/environnement/linterdiction-des-cfc-a-permis-a-la-planete-de-ne-pas-devenir-une-terre-brulee-selon-une-etude/ L’interdiction des CFC a permis à la planète de ne pas devenir une « terre brûlée],'' Forbes, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;. Certe abhinc foramen minui et status ozontis meliorari videntur. Anno [[1995]] [[Paulus Iosephus Crutzen]], [[Marius Iosephus Molina]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.mit.edu/1995/molina MIT News].&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Franciscus Sherwood Rowland]] simul [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano]] honorati sunt ob eorum studia de ozonte.

== De ozonte aerem inquinante ==
Propius a nobis et a terrae superficie gas minus utile atque etiam plantis et animalibus toxicum invenitur ozon ob oxidationis potestatem. Cum spiritu in pulmones ducitur [[Inflammatio|inflammationem]] movet. Naturaliter [[fulgur]] impetum per oxygenium aeris faciens ozon gignere potest. Nam homines quoque ozon in laboratoriis fabricant dum [[Fluxus electricus|fluxum electricum]] per oxygenium transmittunt. Sed hodie additur ozon ex [[Pollutio|pollutione]] et nitrogenii oxidis ab [[Autocinetum|autocinetis]] emissis natum. Diebus insolatis et vento carentibus copia ozontis cumulata sanitati nocere potest&lt;ref&gt;Centre de lutte contre le cancer Léon Bérard, [https://web.archive.org/web/20260117003756/https://www.cancer-environnement.fr/fiches/expositions-environnementales/ozone/ Ozone et santé].&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars Anglorum ''smog'' (nebulae fumis mixtis) quoque invenitur.

Utile tamen est in aquis inquinatis purificandis&lt;ref&gt;[https://ingenierie-ozone.com/ozone-dans-le-traitement-des-eaux-potables/ L’ozone dans les stations d’épurations], 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Suez: [https://www.suezwaterhandbook.fr/procedes-et-technologies/oxydation-desinfection/oxydation-et-desinfection-par-l-ozone/applications Oxydation désinfection par l'ozone].&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* [[Paulus Iosephus Crutzen|Paul J. Crutzen]], &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4312087 Estimates of Possible Variations in Total Ozone Due to Natural Causes and Human Activities]&quot;, ''Ambio'', 1974: 201-210
** &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3402/tellusa.v26i1-2.9736 Photochemical reactions initiated by and influencing ozone in unpolluted tropospheric air]&quot;, ''Tellus'', 1974: 47-57
** &quot;[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-27460-7_3 The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content]&quot;, ''Quaterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'', 1970: 320-325 
*[[Marius Iosephus Molina]] et [[Franciscus Sherwood Rowland]],  &quot;[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13q9n640 Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone]&quot;, ''[[Nature]]'', 1974: 810-2
* Schönbein, C. F. ([[1840]]). &quot;[https://books.google.fr/books?id=-Yr59_xqtqQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Beobachtungen über den bei der Elektrolysation des Wassers und dem Ausströmen der gewöhnlichen Elektricität aus Spitzen sich entwickelnden Geruch.]&quot; ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'': 616-635.
* Sungeun Lim, Jiaming Lily Shi, Urs von Gunten, Daniel L. McCurry. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135422000161 Ozonation of organic compounds in water and wastewater: A critical review]&quot;, ''Water research'', 2022:  118053
*Wan Hu, Junnan Yang. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969724018825 Effect of ambient ozone pollution on disease burden globally: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019]&quot;, ''Science of The Total Environment'', 2024: 171739

== Nexus externi ==
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ozone ozon] spectant.
{{NexInt}}
* [[Stratum ozontis]]

[[Categoria:Oxygenium]]
[[Categoria:Chemica]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
      <sha1>7mooeznl1vhloodl3vd1azak3wxhq8d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lingua Kodava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993548</id>
      <parentid>3793695</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T18:27:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1500" sha1="b7wmca8mco8gb77gi1i3lpulkr2v7y5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa linguae
|nomen latine  ={{PAGENAME}}
|nomen         =kodava takk
|pronunciation =
|color familiae=mediumspringgreen
|familia       =[[Linguae Dravidicae]]
|fabulantes    =122&amp;nbsp;000
|fabulantes2   =
|nationes      =nusquam
|civitas       =[[India]]
|scriptura     =praecipue [[Scriptura Cannadica|Cannadica]] et [[Abecedarium Coorgi-Cox|Coorgi-Cox]]
|litteratura   =[[Traditio ]]
|procuratio    =
|iso2          =dra
|iso3          =kfa
|tabula        =[[Fasciculus:Human Language Families (wikicolors).png|center|255px|Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae]]
|syllabus      =[[Linguae mundi|Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae]]}}
'''Lingua Kodava''' seu '''Kodagu''' (et olim [[Anglice]] ''Coorgi'') ad [[Linguae Dravidicae|familiam Dravidicam]] pertinet. In [[India]] adhibetur.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kfa  Lingua &quot;Kodagu&quot; apud Ethnologue]
* K. S. Rajyashree, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070625093611/http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2001/kodavarajyashree.html  Kodava speech community, an ethnolinguistic study]&quot;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110211211352/http://www.coorg.org/2006/05/16/drgregg-cox-develops-script-for-coorg-language/ De scriptura nova Coorgi-Cox]

== Bibliographia ==
* R A Cole, ''An Elementary Grammar of the Coorg Language''

{{Ling-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Linguae Dravidicae|Kodagu]]
[[Categoria:Linguae Indiae]]</text>
      <sha1>b7wmca8mco8gb77gi1i3lpulkr2v7y5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Praemium principum Asturiarum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>82783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993593</id>
      <parentid>3929522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T23:17:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de laureatoribus litterae ab anno 2015 ab annum 2026</comment>
      <origin>3993593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13875" sha1="emdbjq6qfmnubmh1dtc26m9qs3cpwg6" xml:space="preserve">'''Praemium principum Asturiarum''' a societate principum [[Asturiae|Asturiarum]] ex anno [[1981]] conceditur.

== Laureati ==
=== Ars ===
* 1981: [[Iesus López Cobos]]
* 1982: [[Paulus Serrano]]
* 1983: [[Eusebius Sempere]]
* 1984: [[Orfeón Donostierra]]
* 1985: [[Antonius López García]]
* 1986: [[Ludovicus García Berlanga]]
* 1987: [[Eduardus Chillida]]
* 1988: [[Georgius Oteiza]]
* 1989: [[Anscharius Niemeyer]]
* 1990: [[Antonius Tàpies]]
* 1991: [[Alfredus Kraus]], [[Iosephus Carreras]], [[Theresa Berganza]], [[Pilar Lorengar]], [[Placidus Domingo]], [[Montserrat Caballé]] et [[Victoria de los Ángeles]]
* 1992: [[Robertus Matta]]
* 1993: [[Franciscus Xaverius Sáenz de Oiza]]
* 1994: [[Alicia de Larrocha]]
* 1995: [[Ferdinandus Fernán Gómez]]
* 1996: [[Ioachim Rodrigo]]
* 1997: [[Victorius Gassman]]
* 1998: [[Sebastianus Salgado]]
* 1999: [[Santiago Calatrava]]
* 2000: [[Barbara Hendricks]] 
* 2001: [[Christophorus Penderecki]]
* 2002: [[Woody Allen]]
* 2003: [[Michael Barceló]]
* 2004: [[Paco de Lucía]]
* 2005: [[Maia Plisetskaya]] et [[Tamara Rojo]]
* 2006: [[Petrus Almodóvar]]
* 2007: [[Bob Dylan]]
* 2008: [[Sistema Nacional de Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela]]
* 2009: [[Normannus Foster]]
* 2010: [[Ricardus Serra]]
* 2011: [[Ricardus Muti]]
* 2012: [[Raphael Moneo]]
* 2013: [[Michael Haneke]]
* 2014: [[Franciscus Gehry]]
* 2015: [[Franciscus Ford Coppola]]
* 2016: [[Núria Espert]]
* 2017: [[Gulielmus Kentridge]]
* 2018: [[Martinus Scorsese]]
* 2019: [[Petrus Brook]]
* 2020: [[Ennius Morricone]] et [[Ioannes Williams]]
* 2021: Marina Abramović
* 2022: Carmen Linares et María Pegés
* 2023: [[Maria Ludovica Streep]]
* 2024: [[Ioannes Emmanuel Serrat]]
* 2025: Graciela Iturbide

=== Scientiae spirituales et litterae ===
* 1981: [[Iosephus Hierro]]
* 1982: [[Michael Delibes]] et [[Gonzalo Torrente Ballester]]
* 1983: [[Ioannes Rulfo]]
* 1984: [[Paulus García Baena]]
* 1985: [[Angelus González]]
* 1986: [[Marius Vargas Llosa]] et [[Raphael Lapesa]]
* 1987: [[Camillus Iosephus Cela]]
* 1988: [[Iosephus Angelus Valente]] et [[Carmen Martín Gaite]]
* 1989: [[Ricardus Gullón]]
* 1990: [[Arturus Uslar Pietri]]
* 1991: [[Portus Dives|Populus Portus Divitis]]
* 1992: [[Franciscus Morales Nieva]]
* 1993: [[Claudius Rodríguez]]
* 1994: [[Carolus Fuentes]]
* 1995: [[Carolus Bousoño]]
* 1996: [[Franciscus Umbral]]
* 1997: [[Alvarus Mutis]]
* 1998: [[Franciscus Ayala]]
* 1999: [[Guntherus Grass]]
* 2000: [[Augustus Monterroso]]
* 2001: [[Doris Lessing]]
* 2002: [[Arthurus Miller]]
* 2003: [[Fatima Mernissi]] et [[Susanna Sontag]]
* 2004: [[Claudius Magris]]
* 2005: [[Nélida Piñón]]
* 2006: [[Paulus Auster]]
* 2007: [[Amos Oz]]
* 2008: [[Margarita Atwood]]
* 2009: [[Ismail Kadare]]
* 2010: [[Amin Maalouf]]
* 2011: [[Leonardus Cohen]]
* 2012: [[Philippus Roth]]
* 2013: [[Antonius Muñoz Molina]]
* 2014: [[Ioannes Banville]]
* 2015: [[Leopordus Padura Fuentes]]
* 2016: [[Richardus Ford]]
* 2017: [[Adam Zagajewski]]
* 2018: [[Fredus Vargas]]
* 2019: [[Siri Husvedt]]
* 2020: [[Anna Carson]]
* 2021: [[Emmanuel Carrère]]
* 2022: [[Iurianus Mayorga]]
* 2023: [[Haruki Murakami]]
* 2024: [[Ana Blandiana]]
* 2025: [[Eduardus Mendoza Garriga]]
* 2026: [[Iulianus Barnes]]

=== Scientiae sociales ===
* 1981: [[Romanus Perpiñá]]
* 1982: [[Antonius Domínguez Ortiz]]
* 1983: [[Iulius Caro Baroja]]
* 1984: [[Eduardus García de Enterría]]
* 1985: [[Raimundus Carande Thovar]]
* 1986: [[Iosephus Ludovicus Pinillos]]
* 1987: [[Ioannes Linz]]
* 1988: [[Ludovicus Díez del Corral]] et [[Ludovicus Sánchez Agesta]]
* 1989: [[Henricus Fuentes Quintana]]
* 1990: [[Rodericus Uría González]]
* 1991: [[Michael Artola Gallego]]
* 1992: [[Ioannes Velarde Fuertes]]
* 1993: [[Silvius Zavala]]
* 1994: [[Aurelius Menéndez Menéndez]]
* 1995: [[Ioachim Veríssimio Serrão]]
* 1996: [[Joannen Huxtable Elliott]]
* 1997: [[Martinus de Riquer Morera]]
* 1998: [[Iacobus Santer]] et [[Petrus Werner]]
* 1999: [[Raimundus Carr]]
* 2000: [[Carolus Maria Martini]]
* 2001: [[Collegium Mexici]] et [[Ioannes Iglesias Santos]]
* 2002: [[Antonius Giddens]]
* 2003: [[Georgius Habermas]]
* 2004: [[Paulus Krugman]]
* 2005: [[Ioannes Sartori]]
* 2006: [[Maria Robinson]]
* 2007: [[Ralf Dahrendorf]]
* 2008: [[Tzvetan Todorov]]
* 2009: [[David Attenborough]]
* 2010: [[Mausoleum Qin Shihuangdis]]
* 2011: [[Howard Gardner]]
* 2012: [[Martha Nussbaum|Martha C. Nussbaum]]
* 2013: [[Saskia Sassen]]
* 2014: [[Iosephus Pérez]]
* 2015: [[Esther Duflo]]
* 2016: [[Maria Beard]]
* 2017: [[Karen Armstrong]]
* 2018: [[Michael Sandel]]
* 2019: [[Alejandro Portes]]
* 2020: [[Dani Rodrik]]
* 2021: [[Amartya Sen]]
* 2022: [[Eduardus Matos Moctezuma]]
* 2023: [[Helena Carrère d'Encausse]]
* 2024: [[Michael Ignatieff]]

=== Communicatio et scientiae humanae ===
* 1981: [[Maria Zambrano]]
* 1982: [[Marius Bunge]]
* 1983: diarium ''[[El País]]'' 
* 1984: [[Claudius Sánchez Albornoz]]
* 1985: [[Iosephus Ferrater Mora]]
* 1986: libellum ''[[O Globo]]''
* 1987: diaria [[El Espectador]] et [[El Tiempo]] 
* 1988: [[Horatius Sáenz Guerrero]]
* 1989: ''[[Economic Culture Fet]]'' et [[Petrus Laín Entralgo]]
* 1990: [[Universitas José Simeón Cañas]]
* 1991: [[Ludovicus Maria Anson]]
* 1992: [[Aemilius García Gómez]]
* 1993: libellum ''Vuelta'' a [[Octavius Paz|Octavio Paz]] 
* 1994: Missiones Hispanicae in [[Ruanda]] et [[Bureti]]
* 1995: [[Iosephus Ludovicus López-Aranguren]] et agentia [[EFE]] 
* 1996: [[Indrus Montanelli]] et [[Iulianus Marías Aguilera]]
* 1997: [[Cable News Network|CNN]] et [[Venceslaus Havel]]
* 1998: [[Reinhard Mohn]]
* 1999: [[Instituto Caro y Cuervo]]
* 2000: [[Humbertus Eco]]
* 2001: [[Georgius Steiner]]
* 2002: [[Ioannes Magnus Enzensberger]]
* 2003: [[Ricardus Kapuściński]] et [[Gustavus Gutiérrez|Gustavus Gutiérrez Merino]]
* 2004: [[Ioannes Daniel]]
* 2005: [[Alliance française]], [[British Council]], [[Goethe-Institut]], [[Instituto Cervantes]], [[Instituto Camões]] et [[Società Dante Alighieri]]
* 2006: [[National Geographic Society]]
* 2007: libella [[Science]] et [[Nature]]
* 2008: [[Google]]
* 2009: [[Universitas Nationalis Autonoma Mexicana]]
* 2010: [[Zygmunt Bauman]] et [[Alanus Touraine]]
* 2011: [[Regalis Societas Londini]]
* 2012: [[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
* 2013: [[Annie Leibovitz]]
* 2014: [[Ioachimus Salvator Lavado Tejón]] (Quino)
* 2015: [[Aemilius Lledó Íñigo]]

=== Concordia ===
* 1986: Paroecia solidalis [[Chilia]]e
* 1987: [[Villa El Salvador]]
* 1988: [[International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources]] et [[Ordo Mundi Naturae Tuendae|Ordo Mundi Naturae Tuendae seu WWF]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://areena.yle.fi/1-1931339 nuntii latini yle]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1989: [[Stephanus Hawking]]
* 1990: [[Sephardim]] communitates
* 1991: [[Medicus Meti]] et [[Médicins sans Frontières]]
* 1992: [[American Federation for AIDS Research]] (amfAR)
* 1993: [[Gesto por la Paz]] in [[Vasconia]]
* 1994: [[Save the Children]], [[National Movement of Street Children]] et [[Messengers of Peace]]
* 1995: [[Iordania]]e rex [[Hussein I (Iordania)|Hussein I]]
* 1996: [[Adolfus Suárez]]
* 1997: [[Iudas Menuhin]] et [[Mstislaus Rostropowicz]]
* 1998: [[Nicolaus Castellanos]], [[Vicente Ferrer]], [[Joaquín Sanz Gadea]] et [[Muhammad Yunus]]
* 1999: [[Caritas]] Hispanica
* 2000: [[Regia Academia Hispanica]] et [[Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española]]
* 2001: das weltweite Netzwerk der [[Biosphärenreservat]]e
* 2002: [[Daniel Barenboim]] et [[Eduardus Said]]
* 2003: [[Ioanna Rowling]]
* 2004: [[Peregrinatio ad Compostellam]] 
* 2005: die [[Orden der Barmherzigen Schwestern vom hl. Vinzenz von Paul|Barmherzigen Schwestern]] des [[Vinzenz von Paul]]
* 2006: [[UNICEF]]
* 2007: [[Yad Vashem]] 
* 2008: [[Ingrida Betancourt]]
* 2009: [[Berolinum]]
* 2010: [[Manos Unidas]]
* 2011: [[Heros|Heroes]] [[Clades Nuclearis Fukushima Daiichi|Fukushimae]]
* 2012: [[Argentaria ciborum]] [[Hispania|Hispanica]]
* 2013: [[ONCE (Organisation)|ONCE]]
* 2014: [[Caddy Adzuba]]
* 2015: [[Vicipaedia]]
* 2017: [[Unio Europaea]]
* 2019: Urbs [[Gedanum]]
* 2020: Socii pro salute contra [[COVID-19]]
* 2021: José Andréas
* 2022: Shigeru Ban
* 2024: Magnum Photos
* 2025: [[Museum Nationale Anthropologiae (Mexicum)]]

=== Auxilium internationale ===
* 1981: [[Iosephus López Portillo]]
* 1982: [[Henricus V. Iglesias]]
* 1983: [[Belisarius Betancur]]
* 1984: societas [[Contadora]] 
* 1985: [[Radulphus Alfonsín]]
* 1986: [[Pontificia Universitas Salmanticensis|Universitates Salmaticensis]] et [[Universitas Conimbrigensis|Coimbra]]
* 1987: [[Xaverius Pérez de Cuéllar]] 
* 1988: [[Anscharius Arias Sánchez]]
* 1989: [[Iacobus Delors]] et [[Michael Gorbachev]]
* 1990: [[Ioannes-Theodericus Genscher]] 
* 1991: [[Curator supremus Consociationis Nationum pro Exsulibus]] (UNHCR, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
* 1992: [[Nelson Mandela]] et [[Fredericus Gulielmus de Klerk]]
* 1993: [[Exercitus pro Pace Consociationis Nationum]] in [[Iugoslavia]] 
* 1994: [[Iasser Arafat]] et [[Jitzchak Rabin]]
* 1995: [[Marius Soares]]
* 1996: [[Helimutus Kohl]]
* 1997: [[Guatemala]]e administratio et ''[[Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca]]''* 1998: [[Fatiha Boudiaf]], [[Olayinka Koso-Thomas]], [[Graça Machel]], [[Rigoberta Menchú Tum]], [[Fatana Ishaq Gailani]], [[Emma Bonino]] et [[Somaly Mam]]
* 1999: [[Petrus Franciscus Duque|Petrus Duque]], [[Ioannes Glenn]], [[Chiaki Mukai]] et [[Waleri Wladimirowitsch Poljakow|Waleri Poljakow]]
* 2000: [[Ferdinandus Henricus Cardoso]]
* 2001: die [[Internationale Raumstation]] ISS (International Space Station)
* 2002: [[Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research]]
* 2003: [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Luís Inácio Lula da Silva]]
* 2004: [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] [[Ratio Erasmiana|Erasmus Programma]] 
* 2005: [[Simona Veil]]
* 2006: [[Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Fondation]]
* 2007: [[Al Gore]]
* 2008: [[Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre]] ([[Tansania]]), [[Malaria Research and Training Centre]] ([[Mali]]), [[Kintampo Health Research Centre]] ([[Ghana]]) et [[Manhiça Centre of Health Research]] ([[Mosambicum]])
* 2009: [[Consociatio Mundialis Sanitatis]]
* 2010: [[The Transplantation Society]] (TTS) [[Mons Regalis]] et [[Organización Nacional de Transplantes]] (ONT) Hispania
* 2011: [[Gulielmus Drayton]]
* 2012: [[Motus internationalis Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae]]
* 2013: [[Max-Planck-Gesellschaft|Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften]]
* 2014: [[Fulbright-Programm]]
* 2015: [[Vicipaedia]]
* 2016: [[Pactio formalis Nationum Unitarum de mutatione climatis]] e Consensus Lutetiae

=== Scientia et technica ===
* 1981: [[Albertus Sols]]
* 1982: [[Manuel Ballester]]
* 1983: [[Ludovicus Antonius Santaló]]
* 1984: [[Antonius García Bellido]]
* 1985: [[Aemilius Rosenblueth]] et [[David Vázquez Martínez]]
* 1986: [[Antonius González González]]
* 1987: [[Paulus Rudomín]] et [[Jacinto Convit]]
* 1988: [[Manuel Cardona]] et [[Marcus Moshinsky]]
* 1989: [[Guido Münch]]
* 1990: [[Salvator Moncada]] et [[Santiago Grisolía]]
* 1991: [[Franciscus Bolívar Zapata]]
* 1992: [[Fridericus García Moliner]]
* 1993: [[Amable Liñan]]
* 1994: [[Manuel Patarroyo]]
* 1995: [[Manuel Losada Villasante]] et [[National Biodiversity Institute]] [[Portus Dives]]
* 1996: [[Valentinus Fuster]]
* 1997: [[Atapuerca]] 
* 1998: [[Aemilius Méndez Pérez]] et [[Petrus Michael Etxenike Landiríbar]]
* 1999: [[Ricardus Miledi]] et [[Henricus Morenus González]]
* 2000: [[Lucas Montagnier]] et [[Robertus Carolus Gallo]]
* 2001: [[Craig Venter]], [[John E. Sulston]], [[Hamilton Othanel Smith]], [[Franciscus Collins]] et [[Ioannes Weissenbach]]
* 2002: [[Robertus E. Kahn]], [[Vinton G. Cerf]], [[Timotheus Berners-Lee]] et [[Laurentius Roberts]]
* 2003: [[Ioanna Goodall]]
* 2004: [[Iudah Folkman]], [[Antonius Hunter]], [[Ioannes Massagué Solé]], [[Bert Vogelstein]] et [[Robertus Allan Weinberg]]
* 2005: [[Antonius Damasio]]
* 2006: [[Ioannes Ignatius Cirac Sasturain]]
* 2007: [[Petrus Lawrence]] et [[Ginés Morata]]
* 2008: [[Sumio Iijima]], [[Shuji Nakamura]], [[Robertus Langer]], [[Georgius Whitesides]] et [[Tobin Marks]]
* 2009: [[Martinus Cooper]] et [[Ray Tomlinson]]
* 2010: [[David Julius]], [[Linda Watkins]] et [[Baruch Minke]]
* 2011: [[Iosephus Altman]], [[Arturus Álvarez-Buylla]] et [[Iacobus Rizzolatti]]
* 2012: [[Gregorius Winter]] et [[Ricardus A. Lerner]]
* 2013: [[Petrus Higgs]], [[Franciscus Englert]] et [[CERN]]
* 2014: [[Avelino Corma Canós]], [[Marcus Davis]] et [[Galenus Stucky]]
* 2015: [[Emmanuela Charpentier]] et [[Guenevera Doudna]]

=== Ludus athleticus ===
* 1987: [[Sebastianus Coe]]
* 1988: [[Ioannes Antonius Samaranch]]
* 1989: [[Severianus Ballesteros]]
* 1990: [[Sito Pons]]
* 1991: [[Sergius Bubka]]
* 1992: [[Michael Induráin]]
* 1993: [[Xaverius Sotomayor]]
* 1994: [[Martina Navrátilová]]
* 1995: [[Hassiba Boulmerka]]
* 1996: [[Carolus Lewis]]
* 1997: Turma Hispanica [[Marathona]]e 
* 1998: [[Arantxa Sánchez Vicario]]
* 1999: [[Stephania Graf]]
* 2000: [[Lance Armstrong]]
* 2001: [[Manuel Estiarte]]
* 2002: [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Brasiliensis]]
* 2003: [[Circuitus Franciae]] 
* 2004: [[Hicham El Guerrouj]]
* 2005: [[Ferdinandus Alonso]]
* 2006: [[Turma Canistrilusoria Nationalis Hispanica]]
* 2007: [[Michael Schumacher]]
* 2008: [[Raphael Nadal]]
* 2009: [[Helena Issinbajewa]]
* 2010: [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Hispanica]]
* 2011: [[Haile Gebrselassie]]
* 2012: [[Iker Casillas]] et [[Xaverius Hernández]]
* 2013: [[Iosephus Maria Olazábal]]
* 2014: [[Marathon urbis Novi Eboraci]]
* 2015: [[Paulus Gasol]] et [[Marcus Gasol]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Prince of Asturias Awards|Praemia Principum Asturiarum}}
* [http://www.fpa.es/es/ Praemiorum principum Asturiarum situs interretialis] {{Ling|Hispanice}}

[[Categoria:Praemia|Asturiarum]]</text>
      <sha1>emdbjq6qfmnubmh1dtc26m9qs3cpwg6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Concordia (discretiva)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>88142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993642</id>
      <parentid>3890741</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:58:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Toponyma */</comment>
      <origin>3993642</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="818" sha1="nr993z3or0134iqk535lc7ji5lmuknv" xml:space="preserve">{{Discretiva}}

'''Concordia''' potest esse:

==Mythologia==
* '''[[Concordia (dea)|Concordia]]''': dea [[pax|pacis]] civilis et unitatis in [[religio Romana|religione Romana]], similis [[Harmonia (mythologia)|Harmonia]]e in [[mythologia Graeca]]

==Astronomia==
* '''[[58 Concordia]]''': asteroides

==Toponyma==
* '''[[Concordia (Aemilia-Romania)]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Concordia supra Seciam]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Concordia (Massachusetta)]]''': urbs Massachusettae
* '''[[Concordia (Nova Hantonia)]]''': urbs Novae Hantoniae
* '''[[Concordia (Kansia)]]''': urbs Kansiae
* '''[[Concordia Paroecia]]''':
* '''[[Concordia (Italia)]]''' vel '''[[Iulia Concordia]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Clodia Concordia]]''', '''[[Concordia Veneta]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.</text>
      <sha1>nr993z3or0134iqk535lc7ji5lmuknv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hartfordia (Connecticuta)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>97082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993651</id>
      <parentid>3718120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993651</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1106" sha1="lpg9908yf895vuxo675dp9x766ukvff" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

{{res|Hartfordia}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://images.library.yale.edu/madid/oneItem.aspx?id=1780376&amp;q=portu&amp;q1=&amp;q2=&amp;qc1=&amp;qc2=&amp;qf1=&amp;qf2=&amp;qn=&amp;qo=&amp;qm=&amp;qs=&amp;sid=&amp;qx= ''Oratio Inauguralis habita in Sacello Collegii Yalensis quod est Novo-Portu Connecticuttensium in Nov' Anglia . . . Ezra Stiles'']{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Hartfordiae: Typis Watsoni &amp; Goodwini, 1778).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Palaestra&quot;&gt;''Resumen de gramática latina. Apéndice al diccionario ilustrado latino-español español-latino''. Palaestra Latina. Pagina 64.&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Hardifordia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Egger|141}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Anglice ''Hartford'') est [[urbs]] et [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitatis]] [[Connecticuta]]e. Intra muros habitant circiter 124&amp;thinsp;512 (anno 2006) incolarum, et extra muros (sed in regione huius urbis) 1&amp;thinsp;188&amp;thinsp;841 incolarum.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Collegium Trinitatis (Connecticuta)]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.hartford.gov Situs proprius.]

[[Categoria:Hartfordia (Connecticuta)|!]]</text>
      <sha1>lpg9908yf895vuxo675dp9x766ukvff</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Michael Kalinin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>109948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993594</id>
      <parentid>3805300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T23:53:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3928" sha1="8aifmbteasah2rtmvgh1c5h7tq75pgs" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Michael Ioannis filius Kalinin''' ([[Russice]] Михаил Иванович Калинин, [[translitteratio|tr.]] ''Michail Ivanovič Kalinin''; natus in vico Trinitatis superiore (''Verchnjaja Troica'') tunc [[Gubernium Tueriense|gubernii]] et nunc [[regio Tueriensis|regionis Tueriensis]] [[Russia]]e [[7 Novembris]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Greg|19 Novembris}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[1875]]; mortuus [[Moscua]]e [[3 Iunii]] [[1946]]) fuit [[Rerum novarum cupidi|revolutionarius]] [[Russia|Russicus]] et [[rerum politicarum peritus]] [[URSS|Sovieticus]]. Ipse plus quam semel damnationi mortis annuebat, e.g. in Katyn contra [[Poloni]]cos militum praefectos.&lt;ref&gt;Cf. Anna M. Cienciala, Natalia Lebedewa, Wojciech Materski: ''Katyn: A crime without punishment: Documents translated by Marian Schwartz, Anna M. Cienciala and Maia A. Kipp'' (Portu Novi:. Yale University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-10851-4), 120.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jan von Flocken: [https://www.welt.de/kultur/history/article1633842/Katyn-Stalins-monstroeses-Staatsverbrechen.html]
''Katyn – Stalins monströses Staatsverbrechen'', commentatio apud &quot;Die Welt&quot; (2 Maii 2008).&lt;/ref&gt; Kalinin fidelis socius et iutor [[iosephus Stalin|Iosephi Stalin]] fuit et multos populos e territoriis domesticis expelli et in regionibus novis collocari iussit.&lt;ref&gt;Tino Künzel: [https://mdz-moskau.eu/kalinin-strasse-eine-beleidigung-fuer-jeden-moskauer/ &quot;Kalinin-Straße? - Eine Beleidigung für jeden Moskauer&quot;.] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Apud: MDZ, 8 Aprilis 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vita ==
Anno 1893 membrum Factionis Socialdemocraticae Russiae factus est et inde ab anno 1903 [[Factio Communistica Unionis Sovieticae|communistarum]] assecla. Ob actiones suas in custodiam missus et anno 1904 in [[Siberia]]m in exsilium expulsus est. Unum annum post Petrogradum revenit ut rebus novis interesset. Anno 1912 candidatus fuit commissionis cenetralis et moderator periodici offcialis ''[[Pravda]]''. Exul in Siberia denuo anno 1913 sed contigit ut fugeret et Petrogradi usque annum 1917 mensit. Et cum Lenin et cum Stalin arte labore coniunctus erat.

Erat praeses Commissionis Centralis Executivae [[RSFSR|Omnirussicae]] (annis [[1919]]–[[1938]]), Commissionis Centralis Executivae [[URSS]] (annis [[1922]]–[[1938]]) et Praesidii [[Sovieti]] Supremi URSS (annis [[1938]]–[[1946]]). Die 5 Martii 1940 nefastissimum [[laurentius Beria|Laurentii Beria]] ordinem nr. 794/B de necandis permultis militum praefectis Polonicis subsignavit.&lt;ref&gt;Wolfgang Kaufmann: [https://paz.de/artikel/koenigsberg-traegt-seinen-namen-a5162.html &quot;Königsberg trägt seinen Namen.&quot;] - Apud: Preußische Allgemeine, 4 Augusti 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[1944]] ornatus est titulo [[Heros Laboris Socialistici|Herois Laboris Socialistici]]. Urbs [[Kaliningradum]] (olim pulchro nomine [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]] gaudens) et nostris diebus in eius honorem nominatur. Alia autem oppida pro eo nominata rursus nomen vetus acceperunt, ut [[Tueria]] (''Kalinin'' ab anno [[1931]] ad [[1990]]) .

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mikhail Kalinin|Michaelem Kalinin}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://bse.sci-lib.com/article057875.html Pagina de Michaele Kalinin ''Encyclopaediae Sovieticae Magnae'' editionis tertiae] {{ling|Russice}}
* [http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9101 Pagina de Michaele Kalinin in situ interretiali ''Heroes terrae''] {{ling|Russice}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165501/http://webopac.hwwa.de/PresseMappe20E/Digiview_MID.cfm?mid=P009074 Variae commentationes de Kalinin in periodicis, apud ''Pressemappe'' collectae]

{{Lifetime|1875|1946|Kalinin, Michael}}
[[Categoria:Bolsevici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Imperii Russici]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Moscuae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Unionis Sovieticae]]
[[Categoria:Marxistae]]
[[Categoria:Politici Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Rerum novarum cupidi Russiae]]</text>
      <sha1>8aifmbteasah2rtmvgh1c5h7tq75pgs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Petrus O'Toole</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>119297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993609</id>
      <parentid>2738498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T03:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raippa-Valli</username>
        <id>215417</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="775" sha1="lerued9xqsy5jgxkjgane5gfndk7pgp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Peter O'Toole -- LOA trailer.jpg|thumb|200px|Petrus O'Toole, pelliculae Lawrence of Arabia (1962)]]

''' Petrus O'Toole''' (natus [[Connemara]]e die [[2 Augusti]] [[1932]]; mortuus [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[14 Decembris]] [[2013]]) fuit [[histrio]] [[Hibernia|Hibernicus]].

==Pelliculae selectae==
* [[1962]] - ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (pellicula)|Lawrence of Arabia]] ''
* [[1968]] - ''[[The Lion in Winter]]''
* [[1972]] - ''[[Under Milk Wood]]''
* [[1988]] - ''[[The Last Emperor]]''
* [[2004]] - ''[[Troy]]''

==Nexus externi==
{{communia|Peter O'Toole|Petrum O'Toole}}
* {{Imdb name|0000564|Petro O'Toole}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:O'Toole, Petrus}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1932]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2013]]
[[Categoria:Actores Hiberniae]]

{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
      <sha1>lerued9xqsy5jgxkjgane5gfndk7pgp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pizay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120302</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993652</id>
      <parentid>3985989</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:12:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993652</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1132" sha1="8if402p5rqitgvdvaxutn5tvdo142nt" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:%C3%89glise_Saint-Corneille_de_Pizay_-_3.JPG |thumb|250 px|Pizay: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Cornelius|Sancto Cornelio]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 01297.png|thumb|left|250px|Pizay: communis tabula]]

'''Pizay''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 937 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Indis (praefectura Franciae)|Indis]] in regione orientali [[Rhodanus et Alpes|Rhodano et Alpibus]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Arvernia Rhodanus et Alpes|Arvernia Rhodano et Alpibus]]).

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Indis]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Pizay|Pizay}}

* {{INSEE commune|01297|de=Pizay}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=26936 De Pizay apud Cassini]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201204023008/https://www.ville-pizay.fr/index.php?class=communes&amp;function=index&amp;template=matricecommune.html&amp;file=indexcommune.html&amp;nocache=1&amp;resolution=1024 Pizay pagina officialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Idani]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Idani]]</text>
      <sha1>8if402p5rqitgvdvaxutn5tvdo142nt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>122481</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993495</id>
      <parentid>3450916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:42:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16313" sha1="0m1v3btfeiinno00zvrkk8ss0udxkwx" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index communium [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 373 numero.

[[Fasciculus:Côtes-d'Armor-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]]
[[Fasciculus:Gare de St-Brieuc façade.JPG|thumb|[[Fanum Brioci]]: [[statio ferriviaria]]]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 22001
| 22460
| [[Linetum (Litora ad Mare)|Linetum]]
|-
| 22002
| 22400
| [[Andellus (Litora ad Mare)|Andellus]]
|-
| 22003
| 22100
| [[Carduetum (Litora ad Mare)|Carduetum]]
|-
| 22004
| 22140
| [[Begardum]]
|-
| 22005
| 22810
| [[Bella Insula]]
|-
| 22006
| 22140
| [[Brigida (Litora ad Mare)|Brigida]]
|-
| 22007
| 22520
| [[Binic]]
|-
| 22008
| 22100
| [[Bobital]]
|-
| 22009
| 22320
| [[Le Bodéo]]
|-
| 22011
| 22170
| [[Boqueho]]
|-
| 22012
| 22240
| [[Betullia (Litora ad Mare)|Betullia]]
|-
| 22013
| 22390
| [[Burgobriacum]]
|-
| 22014
| 22130
| [[Bourseul]]
|-
| 22015
| 22510
| [[Bréhand]]
|-
| 22018
| 22140
| [[Brélidy]]
|-
| 22019
| 22170
| [[Tumulus Luci (Litora ad Mare)|Tumulus Luci]]
|-
| 22020
| 22250
| [[Broenisis]]
|-
| 22021
| 22100
| [[Plessiacum Bili]]
|-
| 22023
| 22160
| [[Bulat-Pestivien]]
|-
| 22024
| 22160
| [[Calanhel]]
|-
| 22025
| 22160
| [[Callacum]]
|-
| 22026
| 22100
| [[Calorguen]]
|-
| 22027
| 22210
| [[Cambutium]]
|-
| 22028
| 22450
| [[Castellum Curvum]]
|-
| 22029
| 22480
| [[Collis Altus]]
|-
| 22030
| 22300
| [[Cavannacum (Litora ad Mare)|Cavannacum]]
|-
| 22031
| 22160
| [[Carnoëtum]]
|-
| 22032
| 22350
| [[Cauna (Litora ad Mare)|Cauna]]
|-
| 22033
| 22530
| [[Correllum (Litora ad Mare)|Correllum]]
|-
| 22034
| 22140
| [[Cavannum (Litora ad Mare)|Cavannum]]
|-
| 22035
| 22630
| [[Campi (Litora ad Mare)|Campi]]
|-
| 22036
| 22350
| [[Capella Alba (Litora ad Mare)|Capella Alba]]
|-
| 22037
| 22160
| [[Capella Nova (Litora ad Mare)|Capella Nova]]
|-
| 22038
| 22170
| [[Castrum Audreni]]
|-
| 22039
| 22210
| [[Chesia (Litora ad Mare)|Chesia]]
|-
| 22040
| 22970
| [[Coadout]]
|-
| 22041
| 22140
| [[Silva Ossis]]
|-
| 22042
| 22450
| [[Silva Ravenni]]
|-
| 22043
| 22210
| [[Coëtlogon (Litora ad Mare)|Coëtlogon]]
|-
| 22044
| 22400
| [[Silva Mioci]]
|-
| 22045
| 22800
| [[Cavannacum (pagus Vellavensis)|Cavannacum]]
|-
| 22046
| 22330
| [[Colinaeum]]
|-
| 22047
| 22320
| [[Curlaeum]]
|-
| 22048
| 22130
| [[Corsoltum]]
|-
| 22049
| 22130
| [[Créhen]]
|-
| 22050
| 22100
| [[Dinannum]]
|-
| 22051
| 22270
| [[Dulcis Locus (Litora ad Mare)|Dulcis Locus]]
|-
| 22052
| 22160
| [[Collis Umbrosus]]
|-
| 22053
| 22250
| [[Éréac]]
|-
| 22054
| 22430
| [[Erqueium]]
|-
| 22055
| 22680
| [[Stabuli (Litora ad Mare)|Stabuli]]
|-
| 22056
| 22630
| [[Évran]]
|-
| 22057
| 22290
| [[Fagetum (Litora ad Mare)|Fagetum]]
|-
| 22058
| 22210
| [[Ferraria (Litora ad Mare)|Ferraria]]
|-
| 22059
| 22800
| [[Le Fœil]]
|-
| 22179
| 22240
| [[Fréhel (Litora ad Mare)|Fréhel]]
|-
| 22060
| 22150
| [[Gausson]]
|-
| 22061
| 22110
| [[Glomel]]
|-
| 22062
| 22230
| [[Gomené]]
|-
| 22063
| 22290
| [[Gommenec'h]]
|-
| 22064
| 22570
| [[Gouarec]]
|-
| 22065
| 22290
| [[Goudelin]]
|-
| 22066
| 22330
| [[Le Gouray]]
|-
| 22067
| 22200
| [[Grâces]]
|-
| 22068
| 22460
| [[Grâce-Uzel]]
|-
| 22069
| 22350
| [[Conueurum]]
|-
| 22070
| 22200
| [[Guengampum]]
|-
| 22071
| 22350
| [[Guitté]]
|-
| 22072
| 22390
| [[Gurunhuel]]
|-
| 22073
| 22320
| [[La Harmoye]]
|-
| 22074
| 22320
| [[Altum Curlaeum]]
|-
| 22075
| 22600
| [[Hémonstoir]]
|-
| 22076
| 22550
| [[Hénanbihen]]
|-
| 22077
| 22400
| [[Hénansal]]
|-
| 22078
| 22450
| [[Hengoat]]
|-
| 22079
| 22150
| [[Hénon (Litora ad Mare)|Hénon]]
|-
| 22080
| 22150
| [[L'Hermitage-Lorge]]
|-
| 22081
| 22120
| [[Hillion]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22082
| 22100
| [[Le Hinglé]]
|-
| 22016
| 22870
| [[Insula Brihiacum]]
|-
| 22083
| 22230
| [[Illifaut]]
|-
| 22084
| 22270
| [[Iugonium]]
|-
| 22085
| 22610
| [[Kerbors]]
|-
| 22086
| 22500
| [[Kerfot]]
|-
| 22087
| 22110
| [[Kergrist-Moëlou]]
|-
| 22088
| 22480
| [[Kerien]]
|-
| 22090
| 22450
| [[Kermaria-Sulard]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22091
| 22140
| [[Kermoroc'h]]
|-
| 22092
| 22480
| [[Kerpert]]
|-
| 22093
| 22400
| [[Lampaulium]]
|-
| 22094
| 22770
| [[Lansiocus]]
|-
| 22095
| 22140
| [[Landebaëron]]
|-
| 22096
| 22130
| [[Landébia]]
|-
| 22097
| 22980
| [[La Landec]]
|-
| 22098
| 22400
| [[Landéhen]]
|-
| 22099
| 22800
| [[Lanfains]]
|-
| 22100
| 22150
| [[Langast]]
|-
| 22101
| 22450
| [[Langoat]]
|-
| 22102
| 22330
| [[Langourla]]
|-
| 22103
| 22490
| [[Langrolay-sur-Rance]]
|-
| 22104
| 22980
| [[Languédias]]
|-
| 22105
| 22130
| [[Languenan]]
|-
| 22106
| 22360
| [[Langueux]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22107
| 22570
| [[Laniscat]]
|-
| 22108
| 22290
| [[Lanleff]]
|-
| 22109
| 22580
| [[Lanloup]]
|-
| 22110
| 22300
| [[Lanmérin]]
|-
| 22111
| 22610
| [[Lanmodez]]
|-
| 22112
| 22290
| [[Lannebert]]
|-
| 22113
| 22300
| [[Lannion]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22114
| 22250
| [[Lanrelas]]
|-
| 22115
| 22480
| [[Lanrivain]]
|-
| 22116
| 22170
| [[Lanrodec]]
|-
| 22117
| 22410
| [[Lantic]]
|-
| 22118
| 22100
| [[Lanvallay]]
|-
| 22119
| 22420
| [[Lanvellec]]
|-
| 22121
| 22290
| [[Lanvollon]]
|-
| 22122
| 22230
| [[Laurenan]]
|-
| 22123
| 22100
| [[Lehonium]]
|-
| 22124
| 22570
| [[Lescouët-Gouarec]]
|-
| 22126
| 22800
| [[Le Leslay]]
|-
| 22127
| 22740
| [[Lézardrieux]]
|-
| 22128
| 22340
| [[Locarn]]
|-
| 22129
| 22810
| [[Loc-Envel]]
|-
| 22131
| 22780
| [[Loguivy-Plougras]]
|-
| 22132
| 22160
| [[Lohuec]]
|-
| 22133
| 22230
| [[Loscouët-sur-Meu]]
|-
| 22134
| 22700
| [[Louannec]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22135
| 22540
| [[Louargat]]
|-
| 22136
| 22600
| [[Lodeacum]]
|-
| 22137
| 22340
| [[Maël-Carhaix]]
|-
| 22138
| 22160
| [[Maël-Pestivien]]
|-
| 22139
| 22480
| [[Magoar]]
|-
| 22140
| 22640
| [[La Malhoure]]
|-
| 22141
| 22450
| [[Mantallot]]
|-
| 22143
| 22550
| [[Matignonium (Litora ad Mare)|Matignonium]]
|-
| 22144
| 22440
| [[La Méaugon]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22145
| 22270
| [[Mégrit]]
|-
| 22146
| 22110
| [[Mellionnec]]
|-
| 22147
| 22230
| [[Merdrignac]]
|-
| 22148
| 22230
| [[Mérillac]]
|-
| 22149
| 22460
| [[Merléac]]
|-
| 22150
| 22200
| [[Le Merzer]]
|-
| 22151
| 22400
| [[Meslin]]
|-
| 22152
| 22220
| [[Minihy-Tréguier]]
|-
| 22153
| 22510
| [[Monconturium (Litora ad Mare)|Monconturium]]
|-
| 22154
| 22400
| [[Morieux]]
|-
| 22155
| 22600
| [[La Motte (Litora ad Mare)|La Motte]]
|-
| 22156
| 22200
| [[Moustéru]]
|-
| 22157
| 22340
| [[Le Moustoir]]
|-
| 22158
| 22530
| [[Mûr-de-Bretagne]]
|-
| 22160
| 22400
| [[Noyal]]
|-
| 22161
| 22200
| [[Pabu]]
|-
| 22162
| 22500
| [[Pimpolium]]
|-
| 22163
| 22340
| [[Paule]]
|-
| 22164
| 22540
| [[Pédernec]]
|-
| 22165
| 22510
| [[Penguily]]
|-
| 22166
| 22710
| [[Penvénan]]
|-
| 22167
| 22570
| [[Perret (Litora ad Mare)|Perret]]
|-
| 22168
| 22700
| [[Perros-Guirec]]
|-
| 22169
| 22480
| [[Peumerit-Quintin]]
|-
| 22170
| 22800
| [[Plaine-Haute]]
|-
| 22171
| 22940
| [[Plenevenitre]]
|-
| 22172
| 22130
| [[Plancoët]]
|-
| 22173
| 22400
| [[Planguenoual]]
|-
| 22174
| 22550
| [[Parrochia de Plubole]]
|-
| 22175
| 22270
| [[Pludelia]]
|-
| 22176
| 22960
| [[Plédran]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22177
| 22290
| [[Pléguien]]
|-
| 22178
| 22290
| [[Pléhédel]]
|-
| 22180
| 22980
| [[Plélan-le-Petit]]
|-
| 22181
| 22570
| [[Plélauff]]
|-
| 22182
| 22170
| [[Plélo]]
|-
| 22183
| 22210
| [[Plémet]]
|-
| 22184
| 22150
| [[Plémy]]
|-
| 22185
| 22640
| [[Plénée-Jugon]]
|-
| 22186
| 22370
| [[Pléneuf-Val-André]]
|-
| 22187
| 22190
| [[Plérin]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22188
| 22170
| [[Plerneuf]]
|-
| 22189
| 22720
| [[Plésidy]]
|-
| 22190
| 22490
| [[Pleslin-Trigavou]]
|-
| 22191
| 22330
| [[Plessala]]
|-
| 22192
| 22650
| [[Plessiacum Raheili]]
|-
| 22193
| 22640
| [[Plestan]]
|-
| 22194
| 22310
| [[Plestin-les-Grèves]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22195
| 22610
| [[Pleubian]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 22196
| 22740
| [[Pleudaniel]]
|-
| 22197
| 22690
| [[Pleudihen-sur-Rance]]
|-
| 22198
| 22560
| [[Pleumeur-Bodou]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22199
| 22740
| [[Pleumeur-Gautier]]
|-
| 22200
| 22130
| [[Pléven]]
|-
| 22201
| 22240
| [[Plévenon]]
|-
| 22202
| 22340
| [[Plévin]]
|-
| 22203
| 22150
| [[Plœuc-sur-Lié]]
|-
| 22204
| 22260
| [[Ploëzal]]
|-
| 22205
| 22130
| [[Plorec-sur-Arguenon]]
|-
| 22206
| 22170
| [[Plouagat]]
|-
| 22207
| 22420
| [[Plouaret]]
|-
| 22208
| 22830
| [[Plouasne]]
|-
| 22209
| 22650
| [[Ploubalay]]
|-
| 22210
| 22620
| [[Ploubazlanec]]
|-
| 22211
| 22300
| [[Ploubezre]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22212
| 22260
| [[Plouëc-du-Trieux]]
|-
| 22213
| 22490
| [[Plouër-sur-Rance]]
|-
| 22214
| 22470
| [[Plouézec]]
|-
| 22215
| 22440
| [[Ploufragan]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22216
| 22810
| [[Plougonver]]
|-
| 22217
| 22780
| [[Plougras]]
|-
| 22218
| 22820
| [[Plougrescant]]
|-
| 22219
| 22150
| [[Plouguenast]]
|-
| 22220
| 22110
| [[Plouguernével]]
|-
| 22221
| 22220
| [[Plouguiel]]
|-
| 22222
| 22580
| [[Ploaha]]
|-
| 22223
| 22200
| [[Plouisy]]
|-
| 22224
| 22300
| [[Ploulec'h]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22225
| 22970
| [[Ploumagoar]]
|-
| 22226
| 22300
| [[Ploumilliau]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22227
| 22780
| [[Plounérin]]
|-
| 22228
| 22810
| [[Plounévez-Moëdec]]
|-
| 22229
| 22110
| [[Plebs Nova in Quintino]]
|-
| 22231
| 22160
| [[Plourac'h]]
|-
| 22232
| 22410
| [[Plourhan]]
|-
| 22233
| 22860
| [[Plourivo]]
|-
| 22234
| 22170
| [[Plouvara]]
|-
| 22235
| 22420
| [[Plouzélambre]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22236
| 22290
| [[Pludual]]
|-
| 22237
| 22130
| [[Pluduno]]
|-
| 22238
| 22310
| [[Plufur]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22239
| 22350
| [[Plumaudan]]
|-
| 22240
| 22250
| [[Plumaugat]]
|-
| 22241
| 22210
| [[Plebs Miochi]]
|-
| 22242
| 22240
| [[Plurien]]
|-
| 22243
| 22160
| [[Plusquellec]]
|-
| 22244
| 22320
| [[Plussulien]]
|-
| 22245
| 22140
| [[Pluzunet]]
|-
| 22246
| 22120
| [[Pomaretum (Francia)|Pomaretum]]
|-
| 22247
| 22450
| [[Pommerit-Jaudy]]
|-
| 22248
| 22200
| [[Pomaretum Vicecomitis]]
|-
| 22249
| 22390
| [[Pont-Melvez]]
|-
| 22250
| 22260
| [[Pontrieux]]
|-
| 22251
| 22590
| [[Pordic]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22253
| 22450
| [[Pouldouran]]
|-
| 22254
| 22140
| [[Prat (Litora ad Mare)|Prat]]
|-
| 22255
| 22210
| [[La Prénessaye]]
|-
| 22256
| 22260
| [[Quemper-Guézennec]]
|-
| 22257
| 22450
| [[Quemperven]]
|-
| 22258
| 22120
| [[Cheisoium]]
|-
| 22259
| 22100
| [[Quévert]]
|-
| 22260
| 22460
| [[Le Quillio]]
|-
| 22261
| 22400
| [[Castanetum (Litora ad Mare)|Castanetum]]
|-
| 22262
| 22800
| [[Quintinum]]
|-
| 22263
| 22630
| [[Le Quiou]]
|-
| 22264
| 22450
| [[Rupes Deriani]]
|-
| 22265
| 22300
| [[Rospez]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22266
| 22110
| [[Rostrenum]]
|-
| 22267
| 22250
| [[Rouillac (Litora ad Mare)|Rouillac]]
|-
| 22268
| 22550
| [[Ruca]]
|-
| 22269
| 22260
| [[Runan (Litora ad Mare)|Runan]]
|-
| 22271
| 22390
| [[Saint-Adrien]]
|-
| 22272
| 22200
| [[Fanum Sancti Negantoni]]
|-
| 22273
| 22400
| [[Fanum Sancti Albani (Litora ad Mare)|Fanum Sancti Albani]]
|-
| 22274
| 22630
| [[Saint-André-des-Eaux (Litora ad Mare)|Saint-André-des-Eaux]]
|-
| 22275
| 22600
| [[Saint-Barnabé]]
|-
| 22276
| 22800
| [[Saint-Bihy]]
|-
| 22277
| 22800
| [[Saint-Brandan]]
|-
| 22278
| 22000
| [[Fanum Sancti Brioci]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22279
| 22600
| [[Saint-Caradec]]
|-
| 22280
| 22100
| [[Saint-Carné]]
|-
| 22281
| 22150
| [[Saint-Carreuc]]
|-
| 22282
| 22380
| [[Saint-Cast-le-Guildo]]
|-
| 22283
| 22260
| [[Saint-Clet]]
|-
| 22284
| 22480
| [[Saint-Connan]]
|-
| 22285
| 22530
| [[Saint-Connec]]
|-
| 22286
| 22400
| [[Sanctus Donoalus]]
|-
| 22287
| 22800
| [[Saint-Donan]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22288
| 22210
| [[Saint-Étienne-du-Gué-de-l'Isle]]
|-
| 22331
| 22480
| [[Sainte-Tréphine]]
|-
| 22289
| 22720
| [[Saint-Fiacre (Litora ad Mare)|Saint-Fiacre]]
|-
| 22290
| 22570
| [[Saint-Gelven]]
|-
| 22291
| 22800
| [[Saint-Gildas]]
|-
| 22292
| 22330
| [[Saint-Gilles-du-Mené]]
|-
| 22293
| 22290
| [[Saint-Gilles-les-Bois]]
|-
| 22294
| 22480
| [[Saint-Gilles-Pligeaux]]
|-
| 22295
| 22530
| [[Saint-Gilles-Vieux-Marché]]
|-
| 22296
| 22510
| [[Saint-Glen]]
|-
| 22297
| 22330
| [[Saint-Gouéno]]
|-
| 22298
| 22530
| [[Saint-Guen]]
|-
| 22299
| 22100
| [[Saint-Hélen]]
|-
| 22300
| 22460
| [[Saint-Hervé]]
|-
| 22334
| 22570
| [[Saint-Igeaux]]
|-
| 22302
| 22750
| [[Sanctus Iacutus de Insula]]
|-
| 22303
| 22330
| [[Sanctus Iacutus de Mene]]
|-
| 22304
| 22170
| [[Saint-Jean-Kerdaniel]]
|-
| 22305
| 22350
| [[Sanctus Ioannes de Insula]]
|-
| 22306
| 22630
| [[Saint-Judoce]]
|-
| 22307
| 22940
| [[Saint-Julien (Litora ad Mare)|Saint-Julien]] 
|-
| 22308
| 22630
| [[Saint-Juvat]]
|-
| 22309
| 22230
| [[Saint-Launeuc]]
|-
| 22310
| 22140
| [[Saint-Laurent (Litora ad Mare)|Saint-Laurent]]
|-
| 22311
| 22130
| [[Saint-Lormel]]
|-
| 22312
| 22350
| [[Sanctus Madenus]]
|-
| 22313
| 22320
| [[Saint-Martin-des-Prés]]
|-
| 22314
| 22600
| [[Saint-Maudan]]
|-
| 22315
| 22980
| [[Saint-Maudez]]
|-
| 22316
| 22320
| [[Saint-Mayeux]]
|-
| 22317
| 22980
| [[Saint-Méloir-des-Bois]]
|-
| 22318
| 22980
| [[Saint-Michel-de-Plélan]]
|-
| 22319
| 22300
| [[Saint-Michel-en-Grève]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22320
| 22160
| [[Saint-Nicodème]]
|-
| 22321
| 22480
| [[Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem]]
|-
| 22322
| 22720
| [[Saint-Péver]]
|-
| 22323
| 22550
| [[Saint-Pôtan]]
|-
| 22324
| 22700
| [[Saint-Quay-Perros]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22325
| 22410
| [[Saint-Quay-Portrieux]]
|-
| 22326
| 22270
| [[Sanctus Riocus]]
|-
| 22327
| 22100
| [[Saint-Samson-sur-Rance]]
|-
| 22328
| 22160
| [[Saint-Servais (Litora ad Mare)|Saint-Servais]]
|-
| 22330
| 22460
| [[Sanctus Teliavus (Litora ad Mare)|Sanctus Teliavi]]
|-
| 22332
| 22510
| [[Saint-Trimoël]]
|-
| 22333
| 22230
| [[Saint-Vran]]
|-
| 22335
| 22720
| [[Senven-Léhart]]
|-
| 22337
| 22250
| [[Sévignac]]
|-
| 22338
| 22200
| [[Squiffiec]]
|-
| 22339
| 22100
| [[Taden]]
|-
| 22340
| 22140
| [[Tonquédec]]
|-
| 22341
| 22640
| [[Tramain]]
|-
| 22342
| 22980
| [[Trébédan]]
|-
| 22343
| 22560
| [[Trébeurden]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22344
| 22340
| [[Trébrivan]]
|-
| 22345
| 22510
| [[Trébry]]
|-
| 22346
| 22510
| [[Trédaniel]]
|-
| 22347
| 22220
| [[Trédarzec]]
|-
| 22348
| 22250
| [[Tredranum]]
|-
| 22349
| 22300
| [[Trédrez-Locquémeau]] 
|-
| 22350
| 22310
| [[Tréduder]] 
|-
| 22351
| 22340
| [[Treffrin]]
|-
| 22352
| 22630
| [[Tréfumel]]
|-
| 22353
| 22730
| [[Trégastel]] 
|-
| 22354
| 22540
| [[Tréglamus]]
|-
| 22356
| 22590
| [[Trégomeur]]
|-
| 22357
| 22650
| [[Trégon]]
|-
| 22358
| 22200
| [[Trégonneau]]
|-
| 22359
| 22420
| [[Trégrom]]
|-
| 22360
| 22950
| [[Trégueux]] 
|-
| 22361
| 22290
| [[Tréguidel]]
|-
| 22362
| 22220
| [[Trecorium]]
|-
| 22363
| 22660
| [[Trélévern]] 
|-
| 22364
| 22100
| [[Trélivan]]
|-
| 22365
| 22110
| [[Trémargat]]
|-
| 22366
| 22310
| [[Trémel]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22367
| 22590
| [[Tréméloir]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22368
| 22490
| [[Tréméreuc]]
|-
| 22369
| 22250
| [[Trémeur]]
|-
| 22370
| 22290
| [[Tréméven (Litora ad Mare)|Tréméven]]
|-
| 22371
| 22230
| [[Trémorel]]
|-
| 22372
| 22440
| [[Trémuson]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22373
| 22340
| [[Tréogan]]
|-
| 22375
| 22290
| [[Tressignaux]]
|-
| 22376
| 22600
| [[Trévé]]
|-
| 22377
| 22410
| [[Tréveneuc]]
|-
| 22378
| 22290
| [[Trévérec]]
|-
| 22379
| 22660
| [[Trévou-Tréguignec]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CAL)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22380
| 22100
| [[Trévron]]
|-
| 22381
| 22450
| [[Trézény]]
|-
| 22383
| 22450
| [[Troguéry]]
|-
| 22384
| 22460
| [[Uzel]]
|-
| 22385
| 22690
| [[La Vicomté-sur-Rance]]
|-
| 22386
| 22800
| [[Le Vieux-Bourg]]
|-
| 22387
| 22420
| [[Le Vieux-Marché]]
|-
| 22388
| 22980
| [[Vildé-Guingalan]]
|-
| 22389
| 22120
| [[Yffiniac]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(CASB)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 22390
| 22930
| [[Yvias]]
|-
| 22391
| 22350
| [[Yvignac-la-Tour]]
|}
{{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare| ]]</text>
      <sha1>0m1v3btfeiinno00zvrkk8ss0udxkwx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lingua Hindi-Urdu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123207</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993547</id>
      <parentid>3990858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T18:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993547</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11968" sha1="6tauiao8izn2z5lp45f47ow9jjznqvl" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:South asia.jpg|thumb|[[Hindustani]], in [[registrum|registris]] canonicis, est publica [[India]]e (Hindi) et [[Pakistania]]e (Urdu) lingua.]]
[[Fasciculus:Zaban urdu mualla.png|thumb|Locutio ''Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla'' [[Nasta'liq]] [[calligraphia]] scripta]]
[[Fasciculus:Rigveda MS2097.jpg|thumb|Manuscriptum [[Rigveda]]e [[Devanagari]] scriptum, [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] ineunte]]

'''Lingua Hindi-Urdu''' ([[Devanagari]] हिंन्दी उर्दू ; [[Nastaliq]] هندی اردو) est [[Linguae Indo-Aryanae|lingua Indo-Aryana]] et [[lingua franca]] [[India Septentrionalis|Indiae Septentrionalis]] et [[Pakistania]]e.&lt;ref name=&quot;siddiqi1994&quot;&gt;{{Citation | title=Hindustani-English code-mixing in modern literary texts | author=Mohammad Tahsin Siddiqi | year=1994 | isbn= | publisher=University of Wisconsin | url=http://books.google.com/?id=vnrTAAAAMAAJ | quote=&quot;Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pulsipher2005&quot;&gt;{{Citation | title=World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives | author=Lydia Mihelič Pulsipher, Alex Pulsipher, Holly M. Hapke | year=2005 | isbn=0716719045 | publisher=Macmillan | url=http://books.google.com/?id=WfNaSNNAppQC | quote=&quot;By the time of British colonialism, Hindustani was the lingua franca of all of northern India and what is today Pakistan.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ea etiam appellatur '''Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani''' (हिन्दुस्तानी, ہندوستانی, {{IAST|Hindustānī}}, ad verbum '[[Hindustania]]e'&lt;ref name=&quot;NCSU-Hindustani&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://sasw.chass.ncsu.edu/fl/faculty/taj/hindi/abturdu.htm| title = About Hindi-Urdu|publisher = [[North Carolina State University]]|accessdate = 2009–08–09}}.&lt;/ref&gt;), '''Hindavi,''' et '''Rekhta.''' Praecipue deducitur ex [[Dialectos Khariboli|dialecta Khariboli]]{{dubsig}} [[Dellium|Dellii]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] occidentali, et regione [[Uttarakhand]] meridiana, et multa recipit vocabula ex linguis [[Lingua Sanscrita|Sanscrita]], [[Lingua Persica|Persica]], [[Lingua Arabica|Arabica]], et [[Linguae Turcicae|Turcicis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;geomag1935jsh&quot;&gt;{{Citation | title=The Geographical magazine, Volume 2 | author=Michael Huxley (editor) | year=1935 | isbn= | publisher=Geographical Press | url=http://books.google.com/?id=Z1xOAAAAIAAJ | quote=&quot;For new terms it can draw at will upon the Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Sanskrit dictionaries.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jrsa1948hae&quot;&gt;{{Citation | title=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Volume 97 | author1=Britain), Royal Society of Arts (Great | author= | year=1948 | isbn= | publisher= | url=http://books.google.com/?id=fx_SAAAAMAAJ | quote=&quot;it would be very unwise to restrict it to a vocabulary mainly dependent upon Sanskrit, or mainly dependent upon Persian. If a language is to be strong and virile it must draw on both sources, just as English has drawn on Latin and Teutonic sources.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lingua est [[lingua pluricentrica|pluricentrica]], duo genera publica habens, [[Hindi Canonica|Hindi Canonicum]] et [[Urdu Canonica|Urdu Canonicum]],&lt;ref name=&quot;nunley1999&quot;&gt;{{Citation | title=The Cultural Landscape an Introduction to Human Geography | author=Robert E. Nunley, Severin M. Roberts, George W. Wubrick, Daniel L. Roy | year=1999 | isbn=0130801801 | publisher=Prentice Hall | url=http://books.google.com/?id=7wQAOGMJOqIC | quote=&quot;Hindustani is the basis for both languages.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; quae sunt suis [[registrum|registris]] [[lingua canonica|canonicae]].&lt;!--=Latina mediaevalis, Anglice 'register'--&gt; Humiles autem sermones [[Hindi]] et [[Urdu]] inter se discerni paene non possunt, et in [[grammatica]] etiam normae ritae sunt paene eaedem, quamquam in moribus [[litterae|litterariis]] et in vocabulis [[academia|academicis]] verbisque artis propriis inter se discrepant, plerumque Persico, Medio Asiano, Arabico in Urdu retentis, plerumque Sanscrito in Hindi.&lt;ref&gt;Yamuna Kachru, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ooH5VfLTQEQC&amp;pg=PA2&amp;lpg=PA2&amp;dq=urdu+heavy+persian&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=dG3qgmaV95&amp;sig=WivP7AW9eRlTcp4oscBoHCBFEE0&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=9sp8SqzpLI6y-AaM5vxG&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=9#v=onepage&amp;q=urdu%20heavy%20persian&amp;f=false ''Hindi.'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dale Hoiberg et Indu Ramchandani, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-xzljvnQ1vAC&amp;pg=PA175&amp;lpg=PA175&amp;dq=hindi+in+perso-arabic+script+india&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=BeRyOQE5LS&amp;sig=W8aBygKx5yOr2AV08FnOEv70udk&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=B-F-SqOoA9iZjAeUnYTxAQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=8#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false &quot;Select essays&quot; in ''Students' Britannica: India,''] p. 175.&lt;/ref&gt; Ante [[Partitio Indiae Britannicae|partitionem Indiae Britannicae]], verba ''Hindustani, Urdu,'' et ''Hindi'' [[synonymum|synonyma]] erant, omnia significantia quod hodie Hindi et Urdu appellantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;''The Oxford English Dictionary.''&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea, verbum ''Hindustani'' etiam significat nonnullas [[Varietates Hindi|linguarum Hindi]] dialectas extra subcontinentem adhibitas, [[Hindustani Vitianum|Hindustani Vitiano]] et [[Hindustani Caribicum|Hindustani Caribico]] [[Surinamia]]e et [[Trinitas et Tabacum|Trinitatis et Tabaci]] comprehensis. &lt;!--PLUS IN EN:--&gt;

== Orthographia: systema scribendi ==
Hindustani usitate in litteris [[Devanagari]] vel [[scriptum Perso-Arabicum|Perso-Arabico]] hodie scribitur; linguae autem scriptum [[Kaithi]] populo olim erat gratissimum. Hindi, alium Hindustani registrum canonicum, litteris Devanagari utitur, cum Urdu, alium Hindustani registrum canonicum, litteris Perso-Arabicis utitur, scripto [[Nasta'liq scriptum|Nasta`liq]] anteposito Urdu modo [[calligraphia|calligraphico]].

Litterae Perso-Arabicae ad scribendum Hindustani (Urdu) adhibitae:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! جھ
! ڄ
! ج
! پ
! ث
! ٺ
! ٽ
! ٿ
! ت
! ڀ
! ٻ
! ب
! ا
|-
| {{IPA|ɟʱ}}
| {{IPA|ʄ}}
| {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
| {{IPA|b}}
| *
|-
! ڙ
! ر
! ذ
! ڍ
! ڊ
! ڏ
! ڌ
! د
! خ
! ح
! ڇ
! چ
! ڃ
|-
| {{IPA|ɽ}}
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
| {{IPA|ɗ}}
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
| {{IPA|d}}
| {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|h}}
| {{IPA|cʰ}}
| {{IPA|c}}
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! ڪ
! ق
! ڦ
! ف
! غ
! ع
! ظ
! ط
! ض
! ص
! ش
! س
! ز
|-
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}}
| {{IPA|∅}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| ?
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|z}}
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|
! ي
! ه
! و
! ڻ
! ن
! م
! ل
! ڱ
! گھ
! ڳ
! گ
! ک
|-
| *
| {{IPA|h}}
| *
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
| {{IPA|n}}
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɠ}}
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|}
Litterae [[Devanagari]], ad scribendum Hindustani (Hindi) adhibitae:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;
! अ
! आ
! इ
! ई
! उ
! ऊ
! ए
! ऐ
! ओ
! औ
|-
| a
| ā
| i
| ī
| u
| ū
| e
| ai
| o
| au
|-
! क
! ख
! ख़
! ग
! ॻ
! ग़
!
! घ
!
! ङ
|-
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
| {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|ɠ}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|-
! च
! छ
!
! ज
! ॼ
! ज़
!
! झ
!
! ञ
|-
| {{IPA|c}}
| {{IPA|cʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|ʄ}}
| {{IPA|z}}
|
| {{IPA|ɟʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! ट
! ठ
!
! ड
! ॾ
! ड़
!
! ढ
! ढ़
! ण
|-
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
| {{IPA|ɗ}}
| {{IPA|ɽ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɽʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
|-
! त
! थ
!
! द
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|
! ध
!
! न
|-
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|d}}
|colspan=&quot;3&quot;|
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|n}}
|-
! प
! फ
! फ़
! ब
! ॿ
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
! भ
!
! म
|-
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|m}}
|-
! य
! र
! ल
! व
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| {{IPA|j}}
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|ʋ}}
|colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
! श
! ष
! स
! ह
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|-
| {{IPA|sh}}
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|colspan=&quot;6&quot;|
|}

Propter [[Anglicizatio]]nem et usus [[abecedarium Romanum|litterarum Romanarum]] inter civitates, Hindustani etiam aliquando [[scriptum Romananum|scripto Romano]] scribitur. Haec accommodatio [[Urdu Romanum]] appellatur. [[Industria|Industriá]] [[pellicula]]rum Bollywoodscriptum Romanum magnopere sustinente, Urdu Romanum populo fit gratius, praecipue iuvenibus qui Interreti utantur vel &quot;cybercives&quot; sint.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index linguarum sollemnium Indiae]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Asher, R. E. [[1994]]. Hindi. In ''The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics,'' ed. R. E. Asher, 1547–1549. Oxoniae: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4.
* Asher, R. E., ed. [[1994]]. ''The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics.'' Oxoniae: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4.
* Bailey, Thomas G. [[1950]]. ''Teach yourself Hindustani''. Londinii: English Universities Press.
* Chatterji, Suniti K. [[1960]]. ''Indo-Aryan and Hindi.'' Ed. ea, retractata. Calcuttae: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.
* Dua, Hans R. [[1992]]. Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language. In ''Pluricentric languages: Differing norms in different nations,'' ed. M. G. Clyn. Berolini: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012855-1.
* Dua, Hans R. [[1994]]a. Hindustani. In ''The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics,'' ed. R. E. Asher, 1554. Oxoniae: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4.
* Dua, Hans R. [[1994]]b. Urdu. In ''The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics,'' ed. R. E. Asher, 4863–4864. Oxoniae: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-035943-4.
* Rai, Amrit. [[1984]]. ''A house divided: The origin and development of Hindi-Hindustani''. Dellii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-561643-X.

== Nexus externi ==
* Shakespear, John. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ A Dictionary, Hindustani and English.] 3rd ed., much enl. London: Printed for the author by J.L. Cox and Son: Sold by Parbury, Allen, &amp; Co., 1834.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160503161229/http://forum.janmaanas.com/ Janmaanas Ek Hindi Manch(Hindi Language Forum)]
* [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HINDOSTANI_properly_Hindustani_.html &quot;Hindostani,&quot; ''Encyclopedia Britannica,'' editio 11a.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030217173457/http://members.aol.com/yahyam/hindustani.html Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, ''khaRî bolî'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027110507/http://geocities.com/sikmirza/arabic/hindustani.html Hindi-Urdu FAQ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240521071222/http://www.languageinindia.com/march2003/hindustani.html Hindustani as an anxiety between Hindi-Urdu Commitment]
* [http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Hindinote.html &quot;Hindi? Urdu? Hindustani? Hindi-Urdu?&quot; apud www.uiowa.edu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045055/http://adaniel.tripod.com/hindustani.htm History of Hindustani]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190912023522/http://www.lexicool.com/dlink.asp?ID=0FW3HU5663&amp;L1=34&amp;L2=44 Comparativus Verborum Index Hindi/Urdu-English-Kalasha-Khowar-Nuristani-Pashtu]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90987 Nuntius Ethnologue pro Hindustani]
* [http://globalrecordings.net/language/747 Nuntius GRN pro Hindustani]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615203847/http://indolink.com/Poetry/ Hindustani Poetry]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060827233430/http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/lss/staff/erica/CALL/hindi.html Hindi-Urdu online resources]
* [http://www.yoindia.com/shayariadab/ &quot;Maximum poesiae Hindustani-Indianae Forum,&quot; apud www.yoindia.com]
* [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu_phrasebook Hindi-Urdu Wikivoyage Hindi-Urdu Phrasebook]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070804053902/http://www.nla.gov.pk/ National Language Authority (Urdu), Pakistan (muqtadera qaumi zaban)]
* King, Robert D., [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/llog/King2001.pdf The poisonous potency of script: Hindi and Urdu]
{{1000 paginae}}

[[Categoria:Lingua Hindica]]
[[Categoria:Lingua Urdu]]
[[Categoria:Linguae Indiae]]
[[Categoria:Linguae Indicae]]
[[Categoria:Linguae insularum Caribicarum]]
[[Categoria:Linguae Pakistaniae]]

{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}</text>
      <sha1>6tauiao8izn2z5lp45f47ow9jjznqvl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dinannum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>125615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993486</id>
      <parentid>3748058</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:30:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>rectificatio nominum</comment>
      <origin>3993486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="939" sha1="o01pzutn8pdnt3m0vrgcpf363scxqil" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus: Dinan 2008 PD 54.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Dinanni [[portus]] super [[Rinctius|Rinctio]].]]
{{res|Dinannum}} seu '''Dinantes''' seu '''Dinantium''' seu '''Dionantium'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 643.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Dinan'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Dinan'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Dinan'') est commune {{formatnum:14764}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dinan |Dinannum}}
{{INSEE commune|22050|de=Dinanno}}
* {{opus|url=https://www.dinan.fr/|titulus= Dinanni pagina interretialis}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]</text>
      <sha1>o01pzutn8pdnt3m0vrgcpf363scxqil</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993487</id>
      <parentid>3993486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Dinnanum]] ad [[Dinannum]]: Titulus male scriptus: vide Graesse quo attestatur Dinannum</comment>
      <origin>3993486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="939" sha1="o01pzutn8pdnt3m0vrgcpf363scxqil" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus: Dinan 2008 PD 54.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Dinanni [[portus]] super [[Rinctius|Rinctio]].]]
{{res|Dinannum}} seu '''Dinantes''' seu '''Dinantium''' seu '''Dionantium'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 643.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Dinan'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Dinan'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Dinan'') est commune {{formatnum:14764}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dinan |Dinannum}}
{{INSEE commune|22050|de=Dinanno}}
* {{opus|url=https://www.dinan.fr/|titulus= Dinanni pagina interretialis}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]</text>
      <sha1>o01pzutn8pdnt3m0vrgcpf363scxqil</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lehonium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>125867</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993498</id>
      <parentid>3450669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:53:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo et capsa et opus</comment>
      <origin>3993498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1130" sha1="8t1scchvfslbsqypnr9kwdqx262mow2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Léhon (22) Mairie.jpg |thumb|upright|left|Lehonii [[vici conciliabulum]].]]

'''Lehonium'''&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|auctor1=G. de Lesquen|auctor2= G. Mollat|titulus=Mesures fiscales exercées en Bretagne par les papes d'Avignon à l'époque du Grand Schisme d'Occident (suite)|contextus= Annales de Bretagne|volumen= 19, nº 2|annus= 1903|paginae=133-184, 139|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0003-391x_1903_num_19_2_1173?}} {{Ling|Latine|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Léhon'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Léhon'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Lehon'') est commune {{formatnum:3110}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e iuxta [[Dinannum]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Léhon|Lehonium}}
{{INSEE commune|22123|de=Lehonio}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]]</text>
      <sha1>8t1scchvfslbsqypnr9kwdqx262mow2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Monterblanc</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>126890</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993597</id>
      <parentid>3451621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T01:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="685" sha1="3mjo8ylmv5ctt210aomny4z58l9g7uo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Façade de la chapelle de Mangolérian.JPG|thumb|200 px|Monterblanc:aedicula]]
''' Monterblanc''' ([[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] '''Sterwenn''') est commune 2592 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mariculum|Mariculi]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor|Britanniae Minoris]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Mariculi]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Monterblanc|Monterblanc}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160606005257/http://www.monterblanc.fr/ Monterblanc pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Morbihani]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Morbihani]]</text>
      <sha1>3mjo8ylmv5ctt210aomny4z58l9g7uo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dinan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>134454</id>
    <redirect title="Dinannum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993496</id>
      <parentid>1747659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:43:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="jojm9p7e10im39kzo1unfplywdouv71" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dinannum]]</text>
      <sha1>jojm9p7e10im39kzo1unfplywdouv71</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carolus Blesensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>139703</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993499</id>
      <parentid>3935771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:57:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Caballicata competitoris eius */ typo et opus</comment>
      <origin>3993499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19175" sha1="fcvg4xjrf97i668829db5fjcedv1fzp" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''Carolus Blesensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Lobinau&quot;&gt;Gui Alexis Lobinau, Dom, ''Histoire de Bretagne'', Lutetiae, 1702, chez la veuve François Muguet, T. II. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=53nLJ6X1NykC&amp;pg=PA418&amp;lpg=PA418&amp;dq=Carolus+Blesensis&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=M_Y9THq0ua&amp;sig=bGRAXxud17HSte1VLliRO7qnrm0&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=8RsUT76-FcrngQe_n_jfAw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Carolus%20Blesensis&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Francogallice}} et {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernard de Montfaucon&quot;&gt;Bernard de Montfaucon, ''Les monuments de la monarchie Françoise'', 1731, Lutetiae, chez Julien-Michel Gaudoin, T. III. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=0eRZAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA6&amp;lpg=PA6&amp;dq=Montefortius+Britannia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_qvv7VM6Vn&amp;sig=3VJu0bySn-VlbaIN9WBCoM-YZss&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=muIiT_CmOYTo0QH15NDqCA&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Montefortius%20Britannia&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Francogallice}} et {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''de Blesis''',&lt;ref name=&quot;Lobinau&quot; /&gt; ex regia [[Francia|Gallica]] stirpe ortus, natus anno [[1319]] [[Blesae|Blesis]], mortuus die [[29 Septembris]] [[1364]] [[Alraium|Alraii]], fuit ex hereditate patris dominus [[Guisia]]e et de iure uxoris baro [[Meduana]]e, vicecomes [[Lemovicensis]], comes Goelonis, comes [[Pentevria]]e et dux [[Britannia Minor|Britanniae Minoris]]. Cum [[Ioannes Monteforti|Ioanne Monteforti]] patre dein filio competitor [[Ioannes III (dux Britanniae)|Ioannis III Britanniae]] ad successionem fuit. Ob virtutes [[vita]]eque non modo austeritatem sed vero integritatem pietatemque, post vitam defunctam ut sanctum colitur atque anno [[1904]] [[beatificatio|beatificatus est]].

== Vita ==
[[Filius]] natu minor erat [[Guido I Blesensis Castellionis|Guidonis I]] [[Index comitis Blesensis|comitis Blesensis]] et [[Marguarita Valensis (1295-1342)|Margueritae Valensis]] [[Philippus VI (rex Franciae|Philippi Valensis]] [[soror]]. Sic erat regis Franciae, Philippi VI, nepos.

[[Fasciculus:Battle of La Roche-Derrien.jpg|thumb|[[Rupes Deriani|Rupis Deriani]] proelium comprehensioque Caroli Blesensis]]

Die [[4 Iunii]] [[1337]] Lutetiae Carolus Blesensis in [[matrimonium]] [[Ioanna Pentevriae|Ioannam Pentevriae]] duxit. Haec [[Guido Pentevriae|Guidonis Pentevriae]] liberi ducis [[Arthurus II Britanniae|Arthuri II]] secundogeniti cum prima uxore [[Maria Lemovicensis]] filia erat. Per nuptialem pactionem dictus erat Carolus Blesensis gentilitia patrui sponsae, Ioannis III, arma et nomen Britanniae adsumpturus ac eidem prolis spe orbati duci successurus esse.&lt;ref&gt;Jean Froissart, ''Chroniques'', Lutetiae, 1835, A. Derez , Liber I, pars I, cap. 147, pp. 127-128 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k297594/f195.image.r=Blois] [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica|Gallica]] {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pro uxore successor successione litigiosa ===
Cum viveret dux Ioannes successionem suam melius constabilire noluit, die [[30 Aprilis]] [[1341]] obitus suus [[Bellum successionis Brittonicum|belli successionis Brittonici]] exordium praenuntiavit, quod viginti tres annorum durabit. 

==== Caballicata competitoris eius ====
Iam Maio ineunte Ioannes Montisfortis, alter coniugis Caroli patruus, ut successor se sistit et [[Portus Namnetum|Portum Namnetum]] intravit, deinde [[Augustoritum|Lemovices]] se transportavit sic et urbis et Ioannis III thesauri in suam potestatem redigit, posthaec Britanniae proceribus paene desertus, citato agmine conductis militibus se praemunivit corripendo praecipua ducati castra, nonnulli sine conflicto sicut [[Malestretum]], [[Dariorigum|Venetos]], [[Quimperlium]], [[Rupes Piriou]], [[Coriosopitum]], [[Fanum Sancti Brioci|Briocum]], [[Dinannum]] et [[Mauronium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;favier133&quot;&gt;{{opus|auctor=Jean Favier|titulus=La Guerre de Cent Ans|locus=Lutetiae|annus=1980 |domus editoria= Fayard|pagina=133}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Verumtamen non idem accidit apud [[Brestia]]m et [[Condate Redonum|Redonem]] ubi aliquantulum pugnare opus fuit. Deinceps adversario regis suis Eduardo Angliae occurrit cui homagium redit ratione comitatus [[Index dominus Richemondiae|Richmondiae]], comitatus iste ex traditione duci Britanniae traditus, sed feudum Britanniae nisi e rege Franciae tenebatur neque hoc Montefortius&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernard de Montfaucon&quot; /&gt; hauddum confirmatus erat.

==== Decretum Confluentii ====
Ut liber Arthuri secundae nuptae cum uxore [[Iolanda Montisfortis|Iolanda]] primogenitus, sed ex omnibus tertius, [[Ioannes Montisfortis]] fratris primogeniti successionem ut suam sibi solum et in solidum vindicavit. Reapse erat ille [[frater]] naturalis et legitimus Ioannis III et gradu et consanguinitate proximior, verumtamen absque observatione usuum et consuetudinum generalium regni Franciae e contrario agnaticam&lt;ref name=&quot;Grotius&quot;&gt;De linealibus agnatica cognaticaque, vide: Hugo Grotius, ''Iure belli ac paci'', 1773, [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Traiecti ad Rhenum]], ex officina Ioannis a Schoonhoven, Lib. II, Cap. VII. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=PZxkmltSbWEC&amp;pg=PA336&amp;lpg=PA336&amp;dq=Grotius+eorum+patruos+avunculos+excludendo&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Yblwe65fkJ&amp;sig=DxnFzy4ibpHWkn3Cy-PP-WoomaA&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=rn0hT-29M8jY0QGlztTmCA&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; iuris Francici successionem linealem evocabat. Attamen per arestum die [[7 Septembris]] eodem anno datum apud [[Confluentium Sanctae Honorinae|Confluentium]], in curia regis et magno parium Franciae consilio suo, non solum de successione feudorum generaliter pro lineale cognatica&lt;ref name=&quot;Grotius&quot;/&gt; arguitur, sed vero quo feudis Britanniae, similiter ac multos alios feudos, usu et consuetudine sexus non obstans filiae etiam veniunt ad talia [[ius|iura]] successionum.&lt;ref&gt;Hyacinthe Morice,''Arrêt de Conflans'' in: ''Mémoires pour sevir de preuve à l'histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne'', 1747, Lutetiae, imprimerie Charles Osmont, T. I, p.1421. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=8qJFAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PT759&amp;lpg=PT759&amp;dq=eorum+patruos+avunculos+excludendo&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=8HVsnrCuFh&amp;sig=ixIDCIvgr7ljVDjQfv9quZDzCWc&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=iWUXT929NoWggwePqb2lAw&amp;ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=eorum%20patruos%20avunculos%20excludendo&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ea ratione primogenito defuncto sine liberibus, iura [[primogenitura]]e a secundogenito ad fratem transmittuntur, sed ipso iam defuncto huius liber primogenitus representat persona patris suis sicut vivum esset, eius patruos avunculosque excludendo. Ita rex Philippus VI Carolum Blesensis ut ducem baiulum Britanniae agnoscit et ille ratione feudi ut dominus suus huius vassali [[Homagium|homagium ligium]] subsequentem recepit.&lt;ref&gt;Arestum Conflantium, vide: Gui Alexis Lobinau, Dom, ''Arrêt de Conflans'' in: ''Histoire de Bretagne'', Lutetiae, 1702, chez la veuve François Muguet, T. II., pp. 485-488. {{Ling|Francogallice}} et {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bellator contra Montefortios ===
Ex rege Franciae confirmato ducati tenente, ut baiulus pro uxore, Blesensis e fratre regis [[Ioannes II (rex Franciae)|Ioanne]] duce [[Normannia]]e adiumentum accipit et anno 1341 Octobri ineunte [[Andecavis|Andegavo]] Britanniam versus ingredit.

==== Primo contra patrem uxoremque ====
Mense Octobri 1341 proelii coeperunt inter Carolum de Bleso et comitem Montisfortis ipsos apud [[Castrum Celsum]], posthaec Novembri urbis [[Portus Namnetum|Namnetis]] obsidione Montefortius comprehensus est, captivus castro Lupariense manebit. [[Ioanna Flandriae]] pro marito nominatim bellum perrexit, eorum filium mandaverit ad Eduardum III et cum eodem foedus fecerit.&lt;ref&gt;Jean Favier, ''La Guerre de Cent Ans'', Lutetiae, 1980, Fayard, p. 136 {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sicut [[Condate Redonum|Redones]] a parte Blesensis urbes multas captas sunt. Caroli ex progressione Hannebotum Ioanna Flandriae relinquit pro Brestia ubi copias Brittonicas [[Anglia|Anglicasque]] colligaverit. Deinde per [[1342]] obsidione [[Dariorigum|Venetorum]] Carolus ipse urbis deditionem obtinuerat, sed apud [[Brestia]]m et [[Mons Relaxus|Montem Relaxum]], proelis pars Caroli devicta est. Anno [[1344]] Montefortius, qui die [[1 Septembris]] e captivitate aufugaverit, iterum [[Dariorigum|Venetos]] adsumpsit. Ut copiae Anglorum ab illis Montefortii separatae sint, a Carolo [[Coriosopitum]] obsidetur et hoc praesente civitas e litore dum mare affluebat capta est atque ibi quatuordecim milia cives trucidati sunt. Anno [[1345]] eadem civitas a Montefortio obsessa est sed non capta et eodem anno [[Hannebotum|Hanneboti]] adversa valetudine hic obiit.

==== Secundo contra uxorem filiumque ====
Rursus Ioanna Flandriae, sed hoc tempore pro filio [[Ioannes IV Britanniae|Ioanne Montisfortis]], cuius [[tutor]] [[Eduardus III]] erat, contra [[Ioanna Pentevriae]] bellum perrexit. Die [[18 Iunii]] [[1347]] proelio apud [[Rupes Deriani|Rupem Deriani]] per certamen septies decies vulnerabatur Carolus succubens comprehensus est. Postquam captionem per Britanniam de loco in locum ductus fuit, denique [[Anglia]]m traiecto, sic captivus manserit quasi annos novem. Anglia firmiter incarceratus fuit paene per tres primos annos. Inter omne tempus bis venit in Britanniam semel Franciam. Enimvero dum anno [[1351]] venit in Franciam cum [[Carolus Cerdae|Carolo Cerdae]] mariavit filam secundogenitam suam tractavitque cum rege Franciae de redemptione sua mediante nuptialem pactionem, attamen mariti fatum praematurum die [[8 Ianuarii]] [[1354]] conventioni isti finem dedit. Anno [[1352]] [[Ioannes de Bellomanerio]] una cum aliis proceribus in [[Legatus (civilitas)|ambasciatam]] mandatus est [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardum III]] ad tractandum cum rege Blesensis supra liberationem. Et tractato [[Urbs Vestmonasteriensis|Vestomonasteriensis]] quem propter implicationem caedis Caroli Cerdae Eduardus nequit observare hic et Carolus promiserunt maritare filium suum primogenitum cum altera filiarum regis et pro redemptione denariorum aureorum quadringenti milia solvere. Tandem die [[10 Augusti]] [[1356]] tantummodo sub alio pacto quo mediante promissionem florinorum septigenti milia solutus erit.

[[Fasciculus:Battle of Auray.jpg|thumb|left|A fronte equitantes duo competitores ad successionem ducati Britanniae proelio [[Alraium|Alraii]], a dextra Carolus Blesensis Ioannes de Monteforti (filius) a sinistra.]]
[[Fasciculus:Battle of Auray1364.jpg|thumb|Proelio Alraii, e sinistra sub dextra, [[tabardus|tabardis]] induti armis gentilitiis suis ornatis, secundus Carolus Blesensis, tertius [[Bertrandus Guesclinus|Bertrandum Guesclinum]], quintus [[Ioannes IV Britanniae|Ioannes de Monteforti (filius)]] et sextus [[Ioannes Candosius]] sunt]]

Cum anno [[1363]] in Britannia, Blesensem inter et Montefortium, bellum recruderet, uterque partem Britanniae tenebat alterumque ex finibus regionis pellebat, Ioannes [[Alraium]] obsedit. Porro Blesensis, regis Franciae opem obtinuit, qui [[Bertrandus Guesclinus|Bertrandum Guesclinum]] in auxilium misit. Montefortius quoque principis Gallensis suppetias recipit qui [[Ioannes Candosius|Ioannem Candosium]] cum quanta potuit milites ad copias Montefortii iunxerunt. Die [[29 Septembris]] [[1364]] pugna acerrima fuerat, ex proceribus Bertrandus Guesclinus captus est et confossus Carolus Blesensis interiit dum Montefortius victor evasit. Ait [[Ioannes Froissartius]] tam apud Anglos quam Francogallicos, ut hoste cadente dissentio finiretur, si alteruter innimicorum in manu incideret edictum fuisse trucidaretur.

=== A pietate usque ad beatitudinem ===
Corpus eius in locum Fratrum Minorum [[Guengampum|Guengampi]] primo requieverit, sed ab [[1878]] ossus eius ecclessia &quot;''Notre Dame de Grâces''&quot; prope Guengampum sunt. Ex beata stirpe ortus est, sanctorum duorum familia eius numerabatur, [[Ludovicus IX (rex Franciae)|Ludovicum IX]] regem Franciae et [[Ludovicus Massiliensis|Ludovicum Massiliensis]] episcopum Tolosae. Ratione vita et meritis ac miracula ei attribuitur inquisitione ad [[canonizatio]]nem requisita est. 

Et vero non modo fuit humilis, simplex et begninus sed etiam magis quam ut moris devotione perfectus erat. Horas canonicas cum devotione dicebat, omnia ieiunia indicta per ecclesiam observabat, qualibet veneris die in locum piscis pulmentarium cum pane edebat, mirum in modum saepenumero confessione acceptus erat et recipiebat corpus Domini de quindena in quindenam. Non raro eleemosynas pauperibus dabat atque lavabat pedes eorum flexo uno genu et eis potum et cibum praebuit. Nonnullae donationes pro ecclesiis sacrariisque constiruit. In prosecutionem canonizationis Sancti Ivonis expendit florenorum tria milia atque dum Anglia captivus esset de vita Sancti Ivonis quamdam scriptura fecit Frequenter ad carnem induebat cilicio et sibi alias mortificationes infligabat. Inter eas insignis fuit cum de Turris Londinium recessisset, hieme gratias Deo agit pro liberatione. De campo in quo captus fuerat usque ad [[ecclesia]]m Trecorensem ubi reliquias Sancti Ivonis stabant, nihil aliud quod pallium indutus nudus pedes humo fortiter gelata iter fecit et cum Brittones miserantes stipas super semita sua sternerent strata via vitans in asperiora perseverabat; postquam nonnullis septimanis gradi nequit.&lt;ref&gt;Inquisitio de canonizatione Caroli Blesensis, vide: Gui Alexis Lobinau, Dom, ''Extrait de l'enquète faite à Angers sur la canonisation de Charles de Blois'' in: ''Histoire de Bretagne'', Lutetiae, 1702, chez la veuve François Muguet, T. II., pp. 540-570. {{Ling|Francogallice}} et {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Actiones canonizatione aliquod tempus a genere Ludovico Andegavensis defensae erant dum [[Ioannes IV Britanniae]] easdem refragatus erat, lente progrediebantur cum [[bulla apostolica]] [[Gregorius XI]] eas expedire petit, nihilominus in ipso temporis [[Avennio|Aviniono]] huius profectionis reversionisque [[Roma]]m in oblivionem iit.&lt;ref&gt;Laurent Héry, ''La &quot;sainteté de Charles de Blois&quot; ou l'échec d'une canonisation politique'', in: Britannia Monastica, 2006, T. 10, pp. 21-41. {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Denique die [[14 Decembris]] [[1904]] a [[Pius X|Pio X]] beatificatus erit.

=== Propago eius ===
Ex uxore Ioanna Pentevriae liberi quinque habuit:

* [[Ioannes I Castellionis]] (1340-1404), qui ei succedit ut comes Pentevriae et Goelonis, vicomes Lemovicensis.
* Guido, qui obses datus Eduardum III Angliae, Anglia e vita excessit.
* Henricus, qui anno [[1400]] obit.
* [[Maria Blesensis Castellionis]] (1345-1404), quae anno [[1360]] cum [[Ludovicus I Neapolis|Ludovicus Andegavensis]] (1339-1384) nuptavit et ratione dotalis domina Guisae facta est.
* Marguarita, quae anno 1351 [[Carolus Cerdae]]&lt;ref&gt;Iacobus Wilhelmus Imhof, ''Corpus historiae genealogicae Italiae et Hispaniae'', 1702, [[Norimberga]]e, Typis Ioannis Ernesti Adelburneri. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=C9VDAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA367&amp;lpg=PA367&amp;dq=Carolus+Cerdae&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=STXYQ2XQ-b&amp;sig=ZpzYYnR_x-1FUgrt-_rDOHFjmN4&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=HmcgT9jYHLCS2AWV4OX8Dg&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Carolus%20Cerdae&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; († 1354), [[Index domini Enculismensis|comes Enculismensis]] et [[comestabilis Franciae]] nuptavit.
Filius nothus habuit unum:
* Ioannes, dominus Averoultii, qui anno 1364 una cum patre proelio apud Alraium interiitur.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Bellum Centum Annorum]]
* [[Ducatus Britanniae]]
* [[Index ducum Britanniae]]
* [[Proelium Auraici]]

{{arca initii}}
{{arca successionis unus
|ante=[[Ioannes III de Britanniae|Ioannes III]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Armoiries Bretagne - Arms of Brittany.svg|25px|Ioannis III arma gentilitia]]
|titulus=[[Index domini Britanniae|dux baiulus Britanniae]]&lt;br /&gt;de iure uxoris, una cum [[Ioanna Pentevriae|Ioannae Pentevriae]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Blason maison fr de Châtillon-Saint-Pol.svg|25px|Carolis et Domus Blesensis Castellionis arma gentilitia]] [[Fasciculus:Armoiries Bretagne - Arms of Brittany.svg|25px|Carolis arma gentilitia ex Ioanne III accepta]] [[Fasciculus:Blason Jeanne de Penthièvre.svg|25px|Ioannae Pentevriae arma gentilitia]]
|anni=1341–1364&lt;br /&gt;___________________________________________
|postquam=[[Ioannes IV Britanniae|Ioannes IV]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Armoiries Jean de Montfort.svg|25px|Ioannis IV arma gentilitia]]
}}
{{arca successionis tres ad unum
|ante1=[[Guido VII Pentevriae]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Blason comté bzh Penthièvre.svg|25px|Guidonis VII arma gentilitia]]
|titulus1=[[Index domini Lemovicensis|vicecomes baiulus Lemovicensis]]&lt;br /&gt;de iure uxoris
|anni1=1341–1364
|ante2=[[Guido VII Pentevriae|idem]]
|titulus2=[[Index domini Pentevriae|comes baiulus Pentevriae]]&lt;br /&gt;de iure uxoris
|anni2=1337–1364
|ante3=[[Henricus IV Avaugurii]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Argent a chief gules.svg|25px|Henrici et domus Avaugurii arma gentilitia]]
|titulus3=[[Index domini Goelonis|comes baiulus Goelonis]]&lt;br /&gt;de iure uxoris
|anni3=1337–1364&lt;br /&gt;___________________________________________
|postquam=[[Ioannes I Castellionis]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Blason maison fr de Châtillon-Saint-Pol.svg|25px|Domus Blesensis Castellionis arma gentilitia]]
}}
{{arca successionis duo ad unum
|ante1=[[Henricus IV Avaugurii|idem]]
|titulus1=[[Index domini Meduanae|baro baiulus Meduanae]]&lt;br /&gt;de iure uxoris
|anni1=1337–1364
|ante2=[[Guido I Blesensis Castellionis]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Blason maison fr de Châtillon-Saint-Pol.svg|25px|Domus Blesensis Castellionis arma gentilitia]]
|titulus2=[[Index Domini Guisae|dominus Guisae]]&lt;br /&gt;de hereditate patris
|anni2=1342–1360
|postquam=[[Ludovicus I Neapolis|Ludovicus Andegavensis]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Blason comte fr Valois.svg|25px|Ludovici ut dux Andegavensis arma gentilitia]]
}}
{{arca finis}}

== Bibliographia ==
* Gui Alexis Lobinau, Dom, ''Histoire de Bretagne'', Lutetiae, 1702, chez la veuve François Muguet, T. II. {{Ling|Francogallice}} et {{Ling|Latine}}
* Jean Favier, ''La Guerre de Cent Ans'', Lutetiae, 1980, Fayard. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* [[Ioannes Froissartius]], ''Chroniques'', Lutetiae, 1835, A. Derez , Liber I, pars I. [http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb304683033] [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica|Gallica]] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Jean-Christophe Cassard, ''Charles de Blois: 1319-1364. Duc de Bretagne et bienheureux'', [[Brestia]]e, 1994, Centre de Recherche Bretonne et celtique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 1997. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Jean-Christophe Cassard, ''Propagande partisane et miracle engagés dans la guerre de successsion de Bretagne'', in: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'ouest, année 1995, vol. 102, N°102-2, pp. 7-24. [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/abpo_0399-0826_1995_num_102_2_3816] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Laurent Héry, ''La &quot;sainteté de Charles de Blois&quot; ou l'échec d'une canonisation politique'', in: Britannia Monastica, 2006, T. 10, pp. 21-41. [http://www.tudchentil.org/IMG/pdf/Saintete_et_politique_final_.pdf] {{Ling|Francogallice}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Charles of Brittany|Carolum Blesensis}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Lifetime|1341|1364|Carolus Blesensis}}
[[Categoria:Duces civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Milites Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Politici Franciae]]</text>
      <sha1>fcvg4xjrf97i668829db5fjcedv1fzp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alanus IV (dux Britanniae)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>146823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993500</id>
      <parentid>3816945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:58:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Conflictus cum duce Normanniae */ typo</comment>
      <origin>3993500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12552" sha1="5nx1yefawm1u1wpeazjylrxywr06egm" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:Alain Fergent, duc de Bretagne.jpg|thumb|Alanus Ferganus ab Eduardo Odier fictus.]]
'''Alanus IV Ferganus'''&lt;ref&gt;Andreas Duchesnius, ''Historiae Normannorum scriptores antiqui'', 1619, Lutetiae Parisiorum. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=l6JFAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA1105&amp;lpg=PA1105&amp;dq=Alanus+Ferganus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=z2K8-O3MEn&amp;sig=40OBB5GdT0TZ-QRiCCsgnHIotKk&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=M1okT7DVFsnpggfPz4H3CA&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=Alanus%20Ferganus&amp;f=false] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''Alannus Fergannus''' (ex orthographia antiqua)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordericus Vitalis&quot;&gt;Ordericus Vitalis, ''Ecclesiasticae historiae'', 1840, Parisiis, apud Iulium Renouard et socios. [http://www.archive.org/stream/ordericivitalish02ordeuoft/ordericivitalish02ordeuoft_djvu.txt] sive [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/vital/normands12.htm] {{Ling|Latine}} et {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Castrolinum|Castrolini]] natus circa annum [[1060]], obitus die [[13 Octobris]] [[1119]] [[abbatia]] [[Rothonum|Rothonensis]], fuit [[Index Domini Cornubia (Britannia Minor)|comes Cornubiae]], [[Index domini Redonis|Redonis]] atque [[Index domini Namnetis|Namnetis]] et de anno [[1072]] ad annum [[1112]] [[Index domini Britanniae|dux Britanniae]].

== Primi anni in potestate ==
[[Hoellus II (dux Britanniae)|Hoelli II]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordericus Vitalis&quot; /&gt; et [[Hadevisa Britanniae|Hadevisae Britanniae]]&lt;ref&gt;Ex Chronicon Briocensis, RHF 12: 565-6 : ''&quot;Hoellus tres liberos ex Hadevisa uxore sua genuit, videlicet Alanum, Matthaim et Benedictum&quot;'',&lt;/ref&gt; filius, mater eius ducum et [[Alanus III (dux Britanniae)|Alani III]] filia et [[Conanus II (dux Britanniae)|Conani II]] soror atque successor fuit et ducati administrationem ad [[Consors (matrimonium)|consortem]] eius Hoellum adtulit qui eo modo iure uxoris dux [[Baiulus (iure uxoris)|baiulus]] factus est. Obita matre anno [[1072]], in locum ei successit Alanus ut dux Britanniae titulo insignitus. Comitatum [[Namnetus|Namnetensis]] iam per se ipsum administraret cum patri auxilio ad rebellationem comprimendam fuit ubi Britanniae Superioris Cornubiaeque nobiles a [[Gaufridus Boterellus|Gaufrido Boterello]] ducti defectionem fecerunt. Post ultima necessitas patri die [[13 Aprilis]] [[1084]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Stephanus Baluzii&quot;&gt;Stephanus Baluzii, ''Tutelensis miscellanea novo ordine digesta'', 1761, Lucae, apud Vincentium Iunctinium, T. I, p. 261. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=JfchAQAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q=Conanus&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; qui dux baiulus fuerat dum filius infra aetatem erat, Alanus denique dux plane regnans pervenit atque patri ut comes heres Cornubiae successit. Interea subsequenter frater [[Matthias II (comes Namnetensis|Matthias]], Hoelli filius secundogenitus, comitatum Namnetensis tenebit usque ad annum [[1103]] ubi obibit{{dubsig}} sine prole, ita manus eius cadens comitatus iste Alano devolutus erit. Sed ante omnia Alanus auctoritatem suam super comitatum Redonensis instaurare coepit contra Gaufridum [[Conanus II (dux Britanniae)|Conani II]] fratrem nothum, qui matris Alani detrimento comitatum retinuerat. Sic per annum 1084 et in urbem [[Condate Redonum|Redonem]] manu iniecit et in comitatus possessionem sibi inducit, dein die [[25 Octobris]] eodem anno [[Coriosopitum|Coriosopiti]] captivitate Gaufridus mortuus est&lt;ref name=&quot;Stephanus Baluzii&quot; /&gt; qua de causa Alanus titulum comitis Redonensis tandem de iure recepit.

== Conflictus cum duce Normanniae ==
[[Fasciculus:Bayeux Tapestry scene19 detail Castle Dinan.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Gulielmus I (rex Angliae)|Gulielmi Normanniae]] expeditio annorum 1064 et 1065 contra [[Conanus II (dux Britanniae)|Conanum II]], hic proelium [[Dinannum|Dinanni]].]]
Eo tempore Britanniam Minorem inter ac Normanniam rivalitas antiqua ancipiti manebat. Iam per annos [[1064]] et [[1065]] animo de consilio incerto ducis Britanniae [[Conanus II (dux Britanniae)|Conani II]] antevenire atque fines possessionum suum dilatare cupiens [[Gulielmus I (rex Angliae)|Gulielmus dux Normanniae]] rebelato Conani vassalo [[Rualdus I Dolensis|Rualdo Dolensis]]&lt;ref&gt;Étienne Dupont, ''Un seigneur Breton à la conquète de l'Angleterre'', in: Revue de Bretagne, 1907, T. XXVII, pp. 193-200. {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; auxilio venit.&lt;ref&gt;Jean Favier, ''Dictionnaire de la France médiévale'', 1995, Lutetiae, Fayard. {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Partes expeditionis istius [[Tapete Baiocense|Tapeti Baiocensi]] effingantur. Conanus una cum vassalis fidelibus [[Dola Britonum|Dolam]] expugnavit misitque in [[Bannum]] Rualdum ratione feloniae&lt;ref&gt; André Chédeville, Noël-Yves Tonnerre, La Bretagne féodale XIe-XIIIe siècle, 1987, Ouest France, p. 45. {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Post expeditionem victoriosam Angliae anno [[1075]] iterum contra recentem ducem Britanniae Alanum Gulielmus difficultates detrimentosque accipit siquidem iterumque Duce Britanniae Dolam appropinquente Normannus fugit,&lt;ref&gt; Guy Alexis Lobineau, ''Histoire de Bretagne'', Parisiis, 1707, chez la veuve François Muguet, T.I, p.104. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=oluQEn6qlQYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Francogallice}} &lt;/ref&gt; ea de causa prudenter ''« cum Alano Fergano foedus amicitiae firmavit »''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordericus Vitalis&quot; /&gt; Anno [[1086]] [[Cadomum|Cadomi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordericus Vitalis&quot; /&gt; ne hostilitates aliae surrexerint in manu Alani, filii [[Hoellus II (dux Britanniae)|Hoelli II]] qui Conano successerat, filiam Constantiam permittit.
Die [[13 Augusti]] anno [[1090]] obiit Constantia sine liberis. De morte eius [[Guillelmus Malmesburiensis]] supponit ''« Constantia, comiti Brittanniae Alano Fergant in coniugium data, austeritate iustitiae provinciales in mortiferam sibi potionem exacuit »'', sed dictus istus manet sine confirmatione.&lt;ref&gt;[[Guillelmus Malmesburiensis]], ''[[De gestis regum Anglorum|Gesta regum Anglorum]] atque historia novella'', 1840, Londini, English historial society, vol. III, p.333. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5586444t/f195.image.r=potionem.langPT] apud Gallica {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aliorsum e contrario [[Ordericus Vitalis]] super ea scripsit ''« Semper enim nectari pacis inhiavit, pauperes amavit omnesque Dei cultores veneranter honoravit, quos nimirum sine liberis moriens contristavit. »''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ordericus Vitalis&quot; /&gt;

== Post coniunctionem cum domu Andecavensis ==
Paene annorum tres post obitum Constantiae, per annum [[1093]] filiam comitis Andegavorum [[Ermengardis Andegavi|Ermengardem]] [[uxor]]em duxit. Eo modo cum [[Fulco IV (comes Andegavi)|Fulcone IV Andegavi]] foedus iunxit quod ad Normanniae pondus aequandum apta fuerit. Ex Ermengarde prolem genuit filiorum duo, Gaufridus, qui immature obiit, et [[Conanus III (dux Britanniae)|Conanus]] qui ei successerit, atque filiam unam, Hadevisa, quam in [[matrimonium]] ducebit{{dubsig}}&lt;!--post annum 2013?--&gt; Comes [[Balduinus VII (comes Flandriae)|Balduinus Flandriae]].

[[Fasciculus:Sceau-saint-croix-de-quimpe.jpg|thumb|200px|Abbatiae Sancti Crucis sigillum.]]
Dux postremus britonizans habetur.&lt;ref&gt;Jackez Gaucher, ''La Bretagne de A à Z.'' {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Marcel Le Moal, ''De la Cornouaille à Jérusalem, l’épopée d’Alain IV Fergent duc de Bretagne.'' {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enimvero saepenumero castri [[Alraium|Alraii]] residevit sed dilectio quadam castri [[Carnoëtum|Carnoëti]] residendo praeberi videtur, castrum istum haud procul [[abbatia]] Sancti Crucis Cornubia situm cuius regio oriundus erat et quo hoc tempore Brittoni britonnizanti quidam incolabant. Per annum [[1092]] cum abbatis Sancti Crucis [[Quimperlium|Kemperlegium]] Iungomarus quidam ab anno [[1088]] in loco Ioannis cuiusdam sineretur, dum patruus suus Benedictus sive Budic [[abbas]] antiquus iam ab anno [[1081]] [[Portus Namnetum|Namnetensis]] [[episcopus]] effectus esset,&lt;ref name=&quot;Stephanus Baluzii&quot; /&gt; Ferganus [[Monasterium|monasterio]] [[charta]] bona donavit.

Quatenus ducatus tranquilitate fruebat, vassalis vocatis, Alanus ad [[Urbanus II|Urbani II]] vocatum respondere quivit. Sic per annum [[1096]] una cum comitibus Brittonibus suis particeps fuit de [[Prima expeditio sacra|prima expeditione sacra]]. Dum huius absentia quae annorum quinque durabit, sicut moribus matrimonialis et [[Consuetudo|consuetudinibus]] feudalis consors sua ducissa [[baiulus (iure uxoris)|baiula]] fuit. Ex terra sancta reditu, ab pia consorte sua inspirato,&lt;!--?--&gt; magis quam ante Alanus in questiones religiosas se vertit atque [[Clerus|cleri]] reformationem [[saecularis]] auxilio fuit fuit quam Marbode [[episcopus]] [[Condate Redonum|Redonis]] ducebat. Nihilominus ducati administrationem non dereliquit, ut demonstrat huius positionem pro rege Anglorum [[Henricus I (rex Angliae)|Henrico Belloclerico]] contra fratrem eius Robertum dux Normannorum. Ita in proelio apud [[Tenerchebraium]] die [[28 Septembris]] anno [[1106]] eum depugnavit. Postquam vassalus rex Henricus factus foret et filio suo [[Conanus III (dux Britanniae)|Conano]] rex Anglorum filiam suam Mathildam in matrimonio pro connexione pacis coniungaret.

Aegroto, anno [[1112]] pro filio Conano abdicavit, a [[negotium|negotiis]] publicis se removit, a [[vir|marito]] degresso [[mulier]]em, ac eum recipit Abbatia Sancti Salvatoris [[Rothonum|Rothonensis]] ubi [[monachus]] die [[13 Octobris]] anno [[1119]] e vita discessit et humatus est.

== Progenies ==
Ex prima uxore [[Gulielmus I (rex Angliae)|Gulielmi Normanniae]] filiam [[Constantia Normanniae]] liberos nullos genuit.

Ex secunda uxore [[Ermengardis Andegavi|Ermengardem]] liberorum tres habuit:
* [[Conanus III (dux Britanniae)|Conanus III]], dux Britanniae successor eius.
* Gaufridus Rufus, qui anno [[1116]] [[Hierosolyma]]e obiit.
* [[Hadevisa Britanniae]], quam anno [[1110]] [[Balduinus VII (comes Flandriae)|Balbuinus VII]] [[Flandria]]e in matrimonium duxit.

Filius nothus habuit unum:
* [[Brientius de Insulata]] sive &quot;de Insula&quot; ([[Francogallice]] ''Brian des Illes''; [[Anglice]] ''Brien FitzCount'' sive ''Brian of Wallingford'') qui pro causa [[Matilda (imperatrix)|imperatricae Matildae]] contra [[Stephanus (rex Angliae)|Stephanum]] fuit per bellum civile (1135-1154) super [[Henricus I (rex Angliae)|Henrici I]] successione.
* Guihomarchus.

{{NexInt}}
{{arca initii}}
{{arca successionis tres ad unum|
 ante1=[[Hadevisa Britanniae]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Hoellus II (dux Britanniae)|Hoellus II]]'''&lt;br /&gt;iure uxoris (1066 - 1072)&lt;br /&gt;pro filio baiulus (1072 -1084)|
 titulus1=[[Index domini Britanniae|Dux Britanniae]]|
 anni1=1072 – 1112|
 ante2=[[Hoellus II (dux Britanniae)|Hoellus II]]|
 titulus2=[[Index domini Cornubiae|Comes Cornubiae]]|
 anni2=1084 – 1112|
 ante3=[[Matthias II (comes Namnetensis|Matthias II]]|
 titulus3=[[Index domini Namnetensis|Comes Namnetensis]]|
 anni3=1103 – 1112|
 postquam=[[Conanus III (dux Britanniae)|Conanus III]]|
}}
{{arca successionis unus|
 ante=[[Gaufridus Grenonat]]|
 titulus=[[Index domini Redonis|Comes Redonis]]|
 anni=1084|
 postquam=Adunatus ad [[domanium]] ducalis|
}}
{{arca finis}}

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* André Chédeville et Noël-Yves Tonnerre, ''La Bretagne féodale XIe-XIIIe siècle'', 1987, Université Rennes, Ouest-France. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Arthur de La Borderie, ''Histoire de Bretagne'', 1975, [[Meduana (Meduana)|Meduanae]], Joseph Floch Imprimeur Éditeur, T. III., « Le duc Alain Fergent », pp. 30–36. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Henri Poisson, ''Les Ducs de Bretagne de la maison de Cornouaille : Hoël II, Alain Fergent, III'', 1968, [[Oriens (Mariculum)|Orientis]], Édition Bretagne et culture. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Joëlle Quaghebeur, ''La Cornouaille du IXe au XIIe siècle. Mémoire, pouvoirs, noblesse'', 2002, Presses Universitaires de Rennes. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Jean-Christophe Cassard, ''Houel Huuel : comte de Cornouaille puis duc de Bretagne (circa 1030-1084)'', 1988, [[Coriosopitum|Coriosopiti]] , Société archéologique du Finistère, T. CXVII, pp.95-117. {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Marcel Le Moal, ''De la Cornouaille à Jérusalem, l’épopée d’Alain IV Fergent duc de Bretagne'', 2008, Spézet, Coop Breizh. {{Ling|Francogallice}}

[[Categoria:Nati 1060]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1119]]
[[Categoria:Duces civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Milites Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Participes primae expeditionis sacrae]]
[[Categoria:Politici Franciae]]</text>
      <sha1>5nx1yefawm1u1wpeazjylrxywr06egm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rinctius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>165448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993501</id>
      <parentid>3665290</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:59:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1575" sha1="ffjykfzy2hak967j8i1ejtbjuza3i76" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen|Rinctius|[[Fasciculus:Dinan port.jpg|thumb|center|Rinctius [[Dinannum|Dinanni]]]]|102,2||12|1195| [[Colinaeum]] | [[Oceanus Britannicus|Manica]] | [[Britannia Minor]] | | | }}
[[Fasciculus:Rance.map.wmt.png|left|thumb|Caeruleo spisso situs Rinctii Francia]]

'''Rinctius'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Annales de Bretagne&quot;&gt;Guy Souillet, Loïc Langouet, ''Reginca et la baie de Saint-Malo dans l'Antiquité'' in: ''Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest'', Annus 1974, T. 81, N°4, pp. 662-668. [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/abpo_0399-0826_1974_num_81_4_2750?_Prescripts_Search_tabs1=standard&amp;]&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Rinctius|i|m}} ([[Francogallice]]: ''Rance'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Rancz'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Renk'') est flumen [[Francia]]e Brittonicum quod post [[praefectura]]s [[Litora ad Mare]] et [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illam et Vicinoniam]] praeterlapsum esse [[ostium]] urbes [[Dinard]] et [[Macloviopolis|Macloviopolem]] inter invenit et in [[Oceanus Britannicus|Manicam]] influit.

== De nomine ==
Alia nomina constant sicut : '''Reginca'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Annales de Bretagne&quot; /&gt;, '''Rinctus'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Annales de Bretagne&quot; /&gt;, '''Rentia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Annales de Bretagne&quot; /&gt;, '''Rentius'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Annales de Bretagne&quot; /&gt;, '''Rintius'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus]], ''[[Lexicon universale]]'', T.II, p. 352. [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0352a.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{NexInt}}
{{CommuniaCat|Rance River|Rinctium}}

{{flumen-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Britanniae Minoris]]</text>
      <sha1>ffjykfzy2hak967j8i1ejtbjuza3i76</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norhtunon-Hardenberga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171312</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993613</id>
      <parentid>3993139</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T04:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4007" sha1="gk4vou0y0349qbc0xa8c5cae5zji5fv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Noerten Kirche Martin.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Martini.]]
'''Norhtunon-Hardenberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/noerten/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Norhtunon'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|circuli Northemiensis]] est. Ad Norhtunonem-Hardenbergam etiam vici [[Angerstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Angerstein''), [[Bishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bishausen''), [[Elvesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Elvese''),  [[Norhtunon-Hardenberga (caput oppidi)|Norhtunon-Hardenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg''), [[Parvum Novale (Norhtunon-Hardenberga)|Parvum Novale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parvum Novale&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B75-4/NOB%20V%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Northeim.pdf?utm ''NOB V Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Northeim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in Parvo Novali sitos in campo'' (...) ''Peranhuson'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lütgenrode''), [[Peranhuson]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parvum Novale&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Parensen''), [[Sudershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sudershausen'') atque [[Wolbrechtshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Wolbrechtshausen'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 157.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Norhtunonis-Hardenbergae anno 1654 depictus.]]
Norhtunon anno [[995]] primo in actis descriptum est. Comites Hardenbergenses postea ibi castellum habebant. Anno [[1360]] Norhtunon et Hardenberga oppida facta sunt. Anno [[1929]] oppidum Norhtunon-Hardenberga coniunctum est. Anno [[1974]] vici supra dicti ad oppidum accesserunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Nörten-Hardenberg|Norhtunonem-Hardenbergam}}
* [http://www.burgen.de/news/burg-hardenstein-saniert/ Castellum Hardenbergense in pagina burgen.de (Theodisce)]

== Cives clari ==
* [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (1750 - 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e
* [[Novalis]] (1772 - 1801), poeta

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
      <sha1>gk4vou0y0349qbc0xa8c5cae5zji5fv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ionadum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993507</id>
      <parentid>3522688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:10:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1264" sha1="e84we5550ld5q75ime53544ycgd7qb1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Ionadum'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Ionadum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Jonadi|Jonadi]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Bruttium|Bruttio]] et in [[Provincia Vibonensis|Provincia Vibonensi]] situm.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Bruttium]] (''regionem''),
* [[Provincia Vibonensis|Provinciam Vibonensem]],
* [[Vibo Valentia|Vibonem Valentiam]] (''urbem''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Jonadi|Ionadum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114073731/http://www.comune.ionadi.vv.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Map of comune of Jonadi (province of Vibo Valentia, region Calabria, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Vibonensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Vibonis Valentiae]]</text>
      <sha1>e84we5550ld5q75ime53544ycgd7qb1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Odenhus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993654</id>
      <parentid>3977321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Osloß]] ad [[Odenhus]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3977321</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1690" sha1="71cgt7tkqvk3ixgn0lfz1ihqw7l1bda" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Friedhofskapelle Osloß (Gifhorn) IMG 2814.jpg|thumb|left|Sacellum sepilchreti Osloß]]
'''Osloß''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Osloß ab anno [[1972]] ad commune generale [[Terra Boldecensis (commune generale)|Terram Boldecensem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boldecker Land'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
Commune Osloß nomen a gente nobili ''Uslef'' cepit, quae circa annum [[800]] hoc loco castellum aedificavit. Anno [[1274]] nomine ''Osleue'' primo in actis descriptum est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1883]] Osloß incendio maximo affectum est et propter periculum fluctuum alio loco nuper aedificatum est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416215006/http://www.boldecker-land.de/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=566&amp;menuid=225&amp;topmenu=206&amp;type= Pagina Communis generalis Terrae Boldecensis de Osloß scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osloss}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 8]]</text>
      <sha1>71cgt7tkqvk3ixgn0lfz1ihqw7l1bda</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993656</id>
      <parentid>3993654</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:45:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1791" sha1="hvzkbp87gksozpildvw9xmhryc1qf1p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Friedhofskapelle Osloß (Gifhorn) IMG 2814.jpg|thumb|left|Sacellum sepulchreti Odenhi.]]
'''Odenhus'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Osloß'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Odenhus ab anno [[1972]] ad commune generale [[Terra Boldecensis (commune generale)|Terram Boldecensem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boldecker Land'') pertinet.

== Historia ==
Commune Odenhus nomen a gente nobili ''Uslef'' cepit, quae circa annum [[800]] hoc loco castellum aedificavit. Anno [[1274]] nomine ''Osleue'' primo in actis descriptus est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatus est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1883]] Odenhus incendio maximo affectus est et propter periculum fluctuum alio loco nuper aedificatus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Osloß|Odenhum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416215006/http://www.boldecker-land.de/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=566&amp;menuid=225&amp;topmenu=206&amp;type= Pagina Communis generalis Terrae Boldecensis de Odenho scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osloss}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 8]]</text>
      <sha1>hvzkbp87gksozpildvw9xmhryc1qf1p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sinuhe egyptiläinen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>187570</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993497</id>
      <parentid>3993327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:44:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Neander</username>
        <id>1973</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10009" sha1="5wg2s4i5lbs58qmvb6a7alsvgmna7kf" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Mika Waltari 1939.jpg|thumb|[[Michael Waltari|Mika Waltari]], scriptor libri ''Sinuhe Egyptiläinen.'']]

{{ires|Sinuhe egyptiläinen}} ('Sinuhe Aegyptius') est [[liber mythistoricus]] anno [[1945]] a [[Michael Waltari|Mika Waltari]] scriptus, qui fabulam de [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypto antiqua]] aetatis [[pharao]]nis [[Akhenaten|Ekhnaton]] narrat. Quod opus primum est de multis libris eius res hisoricas tractantibus. Opus inter gentes innotuit, et conversiones adhuc quadraginta sunt confectae.&lt;ref&gt;Vaarala 2024: 76.&lt;/ref&gt;

Persona princeps est Sinuhe, qui infans a matre sua ignota in scaphio iuncino in [[Nilus|Nili]] flumen dimissus esse fertur. Senmut pauperum [[medicus]] [[Thebae|Thebanus]], et Kipa eius uxor, [[expositio infantis|miserum puerulum]] ex undis servaverunt et, cum orbi liberis essent, eum tamquam suum filium educaverunt. Kipa eum Sinuhe nominavit ex fabella,&lt;ref&gt;Waltari hic ad fabellam quam notissimam significat, ex initio [[regnum medium Aegypti|medii regni Aegypti]] oriundam, quae res miras et pericula [[narratio de Sinuhe|narrat]], quibus vir nomine Sinuhe obicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; quae ei placebat.

== Thebis ==
Cum septem annos natus esset Sinuhe, Senmut pater eum adlocutus, quo munere fungi vellet, sciscitatus est. Cum miles fieri vellet, pater eum ad Inteb militem amicum duxit, qui diris horrendisque exemplis eum a militaribus phantasiis dehortaretur. Itaque patris voluntatem secutus Sinuhe ad scholam ire et legere discere constituit. In schola, amicitiam iunxit cum Thotmes, puero qui iam tum bonam in pingendo et fingendo indolem ostendebat. Per patrem in familiaritatem venit Ptahoris, regii [[trepanatio|trepanatoris]], quocum postea laboravit.

Die consecrationis in feminam incidit venustissimam, cui nomen erat Nefernefernefer. Iuvenis indoctus feminarum statim amore huius feminae adfabilis captus est. Sed vita et disciplina domus vitae prohibuerunt, quominus vitam Thebanam gustaret. Praeterea his temporibus pharao [[Amana Hatpa III|Amenhotep III]] morbo exitiali laborabat, et iam erat tempus trepanandi, qua ultima sanandi ratione pharaonem recreatum iri sperabant. Ptahor trepanator rem suam recte gessit, sed haud inopinate aeger vitam amisit. 

Sinuhe etiam familiaritatem iunxit cum Ekhnaton, defuncti pharaonis filio, qui ipse [[epilepsia|morbo sacro]] laborabat et ceteroqui vir mirus erat, qui novum deum [[Aton]] introducere vellet. Amicitia iunctus erat etiam cum viro bellicoso Horemheb, praefecto militum, qui, ut ipse dicebat, &quot;cum stercore in digitis natus&quot; erat. Quae cum ita sint, Sinuhe, cum audissset Horenheb de amore Baketamonis, Ekhnatonis sororis, somniare, perturbatus erat temeritate huiusmodi vanae meditationis. Sinuhe medicus privatus pharaonis factus est.

Quibus interpositis temporibus, Sinuhe in Nefernefernefer iterum incidit, et quidem in eius domo, ubi populus turbulentus epulandi causa coactus erat. Usque adhuc hac [[femina convictualis|femina convictuali]] ardebat, quae tamen primum suam agnitionem celavit. In hac renovata conventione, Sinuhe amorosus tantum impetum ostendit, ut crederes eum putare, amorem vere inter femora inveniri. Ideo Nefernefernefer nimium ardorem amaturientis frenare conata didascalicam narrat de Setne [[Chamois]] et Tabubue sacerdote fabulam.&lt;ref&gt;Reich 1924.&lt;/ref&gt; Dicit enim Tabubue ea tantum condicione se cum Setne amoribus frui velle, ut hic omnibus bonis et quidem uxore sua liberisque desistat. Setne ardore suo hoc propositum accepit. Nefernefernefer, ne de fraude amoris accusetur, se cum Tabubue confert monitionis causa. Sinuhe autem hoc documentum respuit. At Nefernefernefer mulier nobilis, aetate qua opinio muliebris quaeri non solebat, quomodo se ab ardore amatorio advenae repentini defendat?

[[Fasciculus:Middle East Levant.jpg|thumb|Regiones ubi Sinuhe versatus est.]]
Haec condicio rerum potissimum ex ratione virili intellegi videtur. Verbum amoris sensu romantico non memoratur, saltem non cum de relatione cum Nefernefernefer agitur. Sinuhe, cum edere et bibere et gaudere cum ea vehementer cupiat, reapse [[coitus|coitum]] petit. In Aegypto antiqua, [[transactio]]nes inter homines factae in dandis accipiendisque [[donum|donis]] positae erant. In ratione Tabubuensi a Nefernefernefer in rem suam conversa, oeconomia donatoria in conspectum venit.

Sinuhe quater apud Nefernefernefer ad &quot;mercatum&quot; iit. Primo tempore Sinuhe specimen gratuitum &quot;eius rei, cuius causa venerat&quot;, accipit, sine dono vicissim dato. Secundo tempore, Sinuhe domum suam cum rebus domesticis donat, fidem habens promisso a Nefernefernefer facto, sed infectis rebus exit. Tertio tempore, Sinuhe bona parentum suorum dono dat, et vicissim inanem coitum sine ardore remuneratus est. Quarto tempore, Sinuhe sepulchrum parentum dono dat, sed pro remuneratione nihil nisi natationem in piscina accipit. Tum demum intellegit fabellam de Tabubue veram esse, et paene ab ancillis vapulatur.

Sinuhe, ut parentes rite in [[Valles Regum|Vallibus Regum]] sepelire possit, dies noctesque triginta in domo mortuorum cadaverum lavator servire debet. In statum servituti similem delapsus nomen suum putat Thebis in summam infamiam cecidisse. Quae cum ita sint, consilium capit reliquum vitae tempus peregrinando consumere. Ad [[Levans|Levantem]] profecturus cum Kaptah navem conscendit. 

== Peregre ==
Sinuhe, [[Tell Kazel|Simyrae]] in oppido [[Syria]]e consessus, peritia medica famam et divitias sibi conciliat. In bello contra Chabiros gerendo rursus in Horemheb, ducem belli, incidit, qui ei mandat, ut per orbem terrarum vectus opes militares civitatum notarum exploret.

Primum invitus cum Kaptah proficiscitur [[Babylon]]em, ubi non solum de vi militari sciscitatur sed etiam artes exercet consuetudineque virorum doctorum utitur. Quodam die a [[Burna Buriash|Burraburia]] rege, qui aegrotabat, arcessitur, et eum sanat. Die tradito falsi regis – quo deprensibilis quisque per unum diem rex creatus erit deindeque occisus – Kaptah timore quassus sub lecto latens eligitur. Postquam a re inopinata convaluit, novo munere suo uti incipit. Intrat enim [[harem|gynaeceum]] regis, electurus mulierem, cum qua &quot;gaudere&quot; possit. Nimirum, pulcherrimam optat virginem, quae quidem ira incensa ictu pugni unicum ei oculum nigrat soleaque nasum percutit.

Quae Furia, virgo [[Creta|Cressa]], Minea nomine, nuper contra voluntatem suam in gynaeceum regis adquisita erat. Ab [[eunuchus|eunuchis]] gynaecei se defensura cultellum in manu habebat. Sinuhe ad eam placandam vocatus consilium capit, quo ex Babylone effugere possint. Persuadet enim [[eunuchus|spadonibus]] perturbatis gynaecei, Mineam mortem sibi conscivisse. Kaptah autem, teste medico decrepito pharaonis, veneno absumptum obisse (quaquam reapse vino ebriatus dormiebat). Amborum corpora in navem conductam portanda curat. 

[[Fasciculus:Stiersprung 01.gif|thumb|Saltus tauri (ταυροκαθάψια) coniectura repertus.]]

Ad [[Mitanni]] regnum vicinum, unde ad imperium [[Hetthaei|Hetthaeorum]] pergant, fugere constituunt. Deinde relicta Anatolia ad Cretam, Mineae patriam, navigare cogitant. In navi, Sinuhe et Minea se invicem mitigant. Sinuhe enim Mineae de tot tantisque molestiis querelas ingratas esse sentit, offensoque animo ad proram navis secedit. Mox tamen lites suas componunt, et inter se magni aestimare incipiunt. Minea est sacerdos religionis Creticae, taurocathapta sive saltatrix tauri,&lt;ref&gt;Koutantou 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; virgo sorte electa quae luna plena in domo tenebrarum deo maris [[Neptunus (deus)|Neptuno]] saltet. Praeterea Mineam observatio castitatis obligat, quapropter iterum amor mancus et devius Sinuhe obtingit. Nam Minea: &quot;Quam ob rem doleo, quod id quod vis tibi dare nequeo — nec solum propter te doleo, sed propter me ipsam.&quot; (7.1)  

Sinuhe, postquam cum Minea et Kaptah in Cretam pervenit, insulam eiusque vitam subtiliter describit, atque ambitum Mineae cognoscit. Cum alios homines tum Minotaurum convenit, summum sacerdotem dei Cretensis. Postquam magistratum illum caput tauri gerentem salutaverant, ille caput tauri detrahit dicitque Cretes vivo servire deo, contra multas alias gentes, quae inanimis deis serviunt. Demirante Sinuhe, cur nemo eorum, qui in obscuram Neptuni domum ierant, redierit, etiam si licitum esset, Minotaurus neminem ex magnis dei aulis redire velle respondet. Sed Sinuhe ad cadavera in litoribus Simyrae fluctuantia referens hoc dicit non idem de gloriosis dei marini aulis probare. Sermo subito finitur, et Minea iam paene animum amittit.

Ultima nocte ante impletionem promissi deo facti, Minea commoventem pugnam internam experitur. Amantes diu sermocinantur mutuum fatentes amorem, promittitque Minea se, postquam revenisset, Sinuhem nupturam esse. Itaque ollam frangunt signum dedicationis suae matrimonialis. 

Postero die Minea cum Minotauro sollemniter in tenebras [[labyrinthus|labyrinthi]] dei deducitur. Dum haec geruntur, Sinuhe miserabilis certus est se numquam iterum Mineam suam visurum esse. Mox autem Kaptah Minotaurum videt e labyrintho redisse, usum portula iuxta magnam portam aeneam sita. Sine mora, Sinuhe cum Kaptah statuit clam in speluncam introire, ut Mineam reduceret. Vestigia Mineae et Minotauri secutus quo longius progreditur, eo taetriorem capit foetorem putredinis. Tandem cadaver ingentis cernet beluae mortuae in aquis iactari. Et corpus Mineae a Minotauro occisum in aquis submersum a [[crustacea|crustaceis]] voratum. O quanta iactura! 


== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt; 

== Bibliographia ==
* Koutantou, Zoi (2021) Ταυροκαθάψια. ''YouTube'' 27 Novembris. 
* Rajala, Panu (2008) ''Unio mystica: Mika Waltarin elämä ja teokset'' (Finnice). WSOY.
* Reich, Nathaniel (1924) Marriage and Divorce in Ancient Egypt. ''Museum Journal'' XV:1.
* Silver, Minna (2024) ''Sinuhe egyptiläisen maailma arkeologin silmin'' (Finnice). SKS Kirjat. 
* Vaarala, Noora (2024) Sontakärsä japaniksi ('Sontakärsä' [''merdinasus''] Iaponice'). ''HS Teema'' 6. 


[[Categoria:Finniae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Mythistoriae]]</text>
      <sha1>5wg2s4i5lbs58qmvb6a7alsvgmna7kf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993586</id>
      <parentid>3993497</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
      <origin>3993586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10107" sha1="llliydtzbn3v410wc9wsoiln5mp1sw3" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Mika Waltari 1939.jpg|thumb|[[Michael Waltari|Mika Waltari]], scriptor libri ''Sinuhe Egyptiläinen.'']]

{{ires|Sinuhe egyptiläinen}} ('Sinuhe Aegyptius') est [[mythistoria|liber mythistoricus]] a [[Michael Waltari|Mika Waltari]] [[Finnice]] anno [[1945]] scriptus, qui [[fabula]]m de [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegypto antiqua]] aetatis [[pharao]]nis [[Akhenaten|Ekhnaton]] narrat. Quod opus primum est de multis libris eius [[historia|res historicas]] tractantibus. Opus inter gentes innotuit, et [[interpretatio|conversiones]] adhuc quadraginta sunt confectae.&lt;ref&gt;Vaarala 2024: 76.&lt;/ref&gt;

Persona princeps est Sinuhe, qui infans a matre sua ignota in scaphio iuncino in [[Nilus|Nili]] flumen dimissus esse fertur. Quidam Senmut, [[Thebae|Thebanus]] pauperum [[medicus]], et Kipa eius [[uxor]], [[expositio infantis|miserum puerulum]] ex undis servaverunt et, cum orbi liberis essent, eum tamquam suum filium [[educatio|educaverunt]]. Kipa eum Sinuhe nominavit ex fabella,&lt;ref&gt;Waltari hic ad fabellam quam notissimam significat, ex initio [[regnum medium Aegypti|medii regni Aegypti]] oriundam, quae res miras et [[periculum|pericula]] [[narratio de Sinuhe|narrat]], quibus vir nomine Sinuhe obicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; quae ei placebat.

== Thebis ==
Cum septem annos natus esset Sinuhe, Senmut pater eum adlocutus, quo munere fungi vellet, sciscitatus est. Cum miles fieri vellet, pater eum ad Inteb militem amicum duxit, qui diris horrendisque exemplis eum a militaribus phantasiis dehortaretur. Itaque patris voluntatem secutus Sinuhe ad scholam ire et legere discere constituit. In schola, amicitiam iunxit cum Thotmes, puero qui iam tum bonam in pingendo et fingendo indolem ostendebat. Per patrem in familiaritatem venit Ptahoris, regii [[trepanatio|trepanatoris]], quocum postea laboravit.

Die consecrationis in feminam incidit venustissimam, cui nomen erat Nefernefernefer. Iuvenis indoctus feminarum statim amore huius feminae adfabilis captus est. Sed vita et disciplina domus vitae prohibuerunt, quominus vitam Thebanam gustaret. Praeterea his temporibus pharao [[Amana Hatpa III|Amenhotep III]] morbo exitiali laborabat, et iam erat tempus trepanandi, qua ultima sanandi ratione pharaonem recreatum iri sperabant. Ptahor trepanator rem suam recte gessit, sed haud inopinate aeger vitam amisit. 

Sinuhe etiam familiaritatem iunxit cum Ekhnaton, defuncti pharaonis filio, qui ipse [[epilepsia|morbo sacro]] laborabat et ceteroqui vir mirus erat, qui novum deum [[Aton]] introducere vellet. Amicitia iunctus erat etiam cum viro bellicoso Horemheb, praefecto militum, qui, ut ipse dicebat, &quot;cum stercore in digitis natus&quot; erat. Quae cum ita sint, Sinuhe, cum audissset Horenheb de amore Baketamonis, Ekhnatonis sororis, somniare, perturbatus erat temeritate huiusmodi vanae meditationis. Sinuhe medicus privatus pharaonis factus est.

Quibus interpositis temporibus, Sinuhe in Nefernefernefer iterum incidit, et quidem in eius domo, ubi populus turbulentus epulandi causa coactus erat. Usque adhuc hac [[femina convictualis|femina convictuali]] ardebat, quae tamen primum suam agnitionem celavit. In hac renovata conventione, Sinuhe amorosus tantum impetum ostendit, ut crederes eum putare, amorem vere inter femora inveniri. Ideo Nefernefernefer nimium ardorem amaturientis frenare conata didascalicam narrat de Setne [[Chamois]] et Tabubue sacerdote fabulam.&lt;ref&gt;Reich 1924.&lt;/ref&gt; Dicit enim Tabubue ea tantum condicione se cum Setne amoribus frui velle, ut hic omnibus bonis et quidem uxore sua liberisque desistat. Setne ardore suo hoc propositum accepit. Nefernefernefer, ne de fraude amoris accusetur, se cum Tabubue confert monitionis causa. Sinuhe autem hoc documentum respuit. At Nefernefernefer mulier nobilis, aetate qua opinio muliebris quaeri non solebat, quomodo se ab ardore amatorio advenae repentini defendat?

[[Fasciculus:Middle East Levant.jpg|thumb|Regiones ubi Sinuhe versatus est.]]
Haec condicio rerum potissimum ex ratione virili intellegi videtur. Verbum amoris sensu romantico non memoratur, saltem non cum de relatione cum Nefernefernefer agitur. Sinuhe, cum edere et bibere et gaudere cum ea vehementer cupiat, reapse [[coitus|coitum]] petit. In Aegypto antiqua, [[transactio]]nes inter homines factae in dandis accipiendisque [[donum|donis]] positae erant. In ratione Tabubuensi a Nefernefernefer in rem suam conversa, oeconomia donatoria in conspectum venit.

Sinuhe quater apud Nefernefernefer ad &quot;mercatum&quot; iit. Primo tempore Sinuhe specimen gratuitum &quot;eius rei, cuius causa venerat&quot;, accipit, sine dono vicissim dato. Secundo tempore, Sinuhe domum suam cum rebus domesticis donat, fidem habens promisso a Nefernefernefer facto, sed infectis rebus exit. Tertio tempore, Sinuhe bona parentum suorum dono dat, et vicissim inanem coitum sine ardore remuneratus est. Quarto tempore, Sinuhe sepulchrum parentum dono dat, sed pro remuneratione nihil nisi natationem in piscina accipit. Tum demum intellegit fabellam de Tabubue veram esse, et paene ab ancillis vapulatur.

Sinuhe, ut parentes rite in [[Valles Regum|Vallibus Regum]] sepelire possit, dies noctesque triginta in domo mortuorum cadaverum lavator servire debet. In statum servituti similem delapsus nomen suum putat Thebis in summam infamiam cecidisse. Quae cum ita sint, consilium capit reliquum vitae tempus peregrinando consumere. Ad [[Levans|Levantem]] profecturus cum Kaptah navem conscendit. 

== Peregre ==
Sinuhe, [[Tell Kazel|Simyrae]] in oppido [[Syria]]e consessus, peritia medica famam et divitias sibi conciliat. In bello contra Chabiros gerendo rursus in Horemheb, ducem belli, incidit, qui ei mandat, ut per orbem terrarum vectus opes militares civitatum notarum exploret.

Primum invitus cum Kaptah proficiscitur [[Babylon]]em, ubi non solum de vi militari sciscitatur sed etiam artes exercet consuetudineque virorum doctorum utitur. Quodam die a [[Burna Buriash|Burraburia]] rege, qui aegrotabat, arcessitur, et eum sanat. Die tradito falsi regis – quo deprensibilis quisque per unum diem rex creatus erit deindeque occisus – Kaptah timore quassus sub lecto latens eligitur. Postquam a re inopinata convaluit, novo munere suo uti incipit. Intrat enim [[harem|gynaeceum]] regis, electurus mulierem, cum qua &quot;gaudere&quot; possit. Nimirum, pulcherrimam optat virginem, quae quidem ira incensa ictu pugni unicum ei oculum nigrat soleaque nasum percutit.

Quae Furia, virgo [[Creta|Cressa]], Minea nomine, nuper contra voluntatem suam in gynaeceum regis adquisita erat. Ab [[eunuchus|eunuchis]] gynaecei se defensura cultellum in manu habebat. Sinuhe ad eam placandam vocatus consilium capit, quo ex Babylone effugere possint. Persuadet enim [[eunuchus|spadonibus]] perturbatis gynaecei, Mineam mortem sibi conscivisse. Kaptah autem, teste medico decrepito pharaonis, veneno absumptum obisse (quaquam reapse vino ebriatus dormiebat). Amborum corpora in navem conductam portanda curat. 

[[Fasciculus:Stiersprung 01.gif|thumb|Saltus tauri (ταυροκαθάψια) coniectura repertus.]]

Ad [[Mitanni]] regnum vicinum, unde ad imperium [[Hetthaei|Hetthaeorum]] pergant, fugere constituunt. Deinde relicta Anatolia ad Cretam, Mineae patriam, navigare cogitant. In navi, Sinuhe et Minea se invicem mitigant. Sinuhe enim Mineae de tot tantisque molestiis querelas ingratas esse sentit, offensoque animo ad proram navis secedit. Mox tamen lites suas componunt, et inter se magni aestimare incipiunt. Minea est sacerdos religionis Creticae, taurocathapta sive saltatrix tauri,&lt;ref&gt;Koutantou 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; virgo sorte electa quae luna plena in domo tenebrarum deo maris [[Neptunus (deus)|Neptuno]] saltet. Praeterea Mineam observatio castitatis obligat, quapropter iterum amor mancus et devius Sinuhe obtingit. Nam Minea: &quot;Quam ob rem doleo, quod id quod vis tibi dare nequeo — nec solum propter te doleo, sed propter me ipsam.&quot; (7.1)  

Sinuhe, postquam cum Minea et Kaptah in Cretam pervenit, insulam eiusque vitam subtiliter describit, atque ambitum Mineae cognoscit. Cum alios homines tum Minotaurum convenit, summum sacerdotem dei Cretensis. Postquam magistratum illum caput tauri gerentem salutaverant, ille caput tauri detrahit dicitque Cretes vivo servire deo, contra multas alias gentes, quae inanimis deis serviunt. Demirante Sinuhe, cur nemo eorum, qui in obscuram Neptuni domum ierant, redierit, etiam si licitum esset, Minotaurus neminem ex magnis dei aulis redire velle respondet. Sed Sinuhe ad cadavera in litoribus Simyrae fluctuantia referens hoc dicit non idem de gloriosis dei marini aulis probare. Sermo subito finitur, et Minea iam paene animum amittit.

Ultima nocte ante impletionem promissi deo facti, Minea commoventem pugnam internam experitur. Amantes diu sermocinantur mutuum fatentes amorem, promittitque Minea se, postquam revenisset, Sinuhem nupturam esse. Itaque ollam frangunt signum dedicationis suae matrimonialis. 

Postero die Minea cum Minotauro sollemniter in tenebras [[labyrinthus|labyrinthi]] dei deducitur. Dum haec geruntur, Sinuhe miserabilis certus est se numquam iterum Mineam suam visurum esse. Mox autem Kaptah Minotaurum videt e labyrintho redisse, usum portula iuxta magnam portam aeneam sita. Sine mora, Sinuhe cum Kaptah statuit clam in speluncam introire, ut Mineam reduceret. Vestigia Mineae et Minotauri secutus quo longius progreditur, eo taetriorem capit foetorem putredinis. Tandem cadaver ingentis cernet beluae mortuae in aquis iactari. Et corpus Mineae a Minotauro occisum in aquis submersum a [[crustacea|crustaceis]] voratum. O quanta iactura! 


== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt; 

== Bibliographia ==
* Koutantou, Zoi (2021) Ταυροκαθάψια. ''YouTube'' 27 Novembris. 
* Rajala, Panu (2008) ''Unio mystica: Mika Waltarin elämä ja teokset'' (Finnice). WSOY.
* Reich, Nathaniel (1924) Marriage and Divorce in Ancient Egypt. ''Museum Journal'' XV:1.
* Silver, Minna (2024) ''Sinuhe egyptiläisen maailma arkeologin silmin'' (Finnice). SKS Kirjat. 
* Vaarala, Noora (2024) Sontakärsä japaniksi ('Sontakärsä' [''merdinasus''] Iaponice'). ''HS Teema'' 6. 

[[Categoria:Finniae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Mythistoriae]]</text>
      <sha1>llliydtzbn3v410wc9wsoiln5mp1sw3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Luneburgensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993563</id>
      <parentid>3989429</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:44:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993563</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13134" sha1="6r4orz9lzoff9ysjes9wrq3g56z60ri" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (1.953)
** [[Mechtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Mechtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mechtsen'') (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nahrendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norndörp'') (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gellsen'') (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenavia (commune generale)|Ilmenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ilmenau'')  (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'') (2.630)
** [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt; (3.736)
** [[Melbike]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Melbeck&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.samtgemeinde-ilmenau.de/PortalData/10/Resources/historie/dokumente/Orts-_und_Gewaessernamen_im_Landkreis_Lueneburg.pdf?utm ''Orts- und Gewässernamen im Landkreis Lueneburg'']. ubi &quot;(...) Melbeck 1296 in Melbeke. 1300 in villa Melbike. 1303 in villa Melbeke (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melbeck'') (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Netesse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netesse&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WG33LCQUIIHK3OA7DR6IKIOFHW6FXKYJ?utm ''12 Lüneburger Ratsmannen bekunden, dass der Magister Bernard de Netesse (Neetze) ½ Rump Salz...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Magister Bernard de Netesse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neetze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neetz'' seu ''Näätz'') (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'') (1.017)
** [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'') (912)
** [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'') (2.408)
** [[Ludersburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüsborg'') (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>6r4orz9lzoff9ysjes9wrq3g56z60ri</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993581</id>
      <parentid>3993563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T21:31:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993581</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13531" sha1="f4ca1o8j4epsm5sf5knxum9aky6iwck" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in LG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Luneburgensi]]
'''Circulus Luneburgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lümborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüneburg''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Luneburgum]] est.

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est, anno [[1929]] circulus pristinus Leopolitanus&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;/&gt; Leneburgo adiunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luneburgensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'') (10.288 incolae)
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'') (9.532)
* [[Luneburgum]] urbs (70.438)
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'') (4.830)


* [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (8.259)
** [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962)
** [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156)
** [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'') (985)
** [[Rehlingen]] (712)
** [[Soderstorf]] (1.444)

* [[Bardenuvicum (commune generale)|Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (16.584)
** [[Bardenuvicum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 6.473)
** [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'') (1.828)
** [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'') (1.953)
** [[Mechtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Mechtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mechtsen'') (662)
** [[Radbruch]] (1.970)
** [[Vögelsen]] (2.255)
** [[Wittorf]] (1.443)

* [[Dalenburgum (commune generale)|Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (6.150)
** [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'') (393)
** [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'') (599)
** [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 3351)
** [[Nahrendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nahrendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norndörp'') (1.236)
** [[Tosterglope]] (571)

* [[Gellersa (commune generale)|Gellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gellsen'') (12.849)
** [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'') (2.279)
** [[Reppenstedt]] (sedes administrationis, 7.210)
** [[Südergellersen]] (1.602)
** [[Westergellersen]] (1758)

* [[Ilmenavia (commune generale)|Ilmenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ilmenau'')  (10.486)
** [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'') (747)
** [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'') (2.630)
** [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt; (3.736)
** [[Melbike]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Melbeck&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.samtgemeinde-ilmenau.de/PortalData/10/Resources/historie/dokumente/Orts-_und_Gewaessernamen_im_Landkreis_Lueneburg.pdf?utm ''Orts- und Gewässernamen im Landkreis Lueneburg'']. ubi &quot;(...) Melbeck 1296 in Melbeke. 1300 in villa Melbike. 1303 in villa Melbeke (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melbeck'') (sedes administrationis, 3.373)

* [[Ostheide (commune generale)|Ostheide]] (10.178)
** [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2.418)
** [[Netesse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netesse&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WG33LCQUIIHK3OA7DR6IKIOFHW6FXKYJ?utm ''12 Lüneburger Ratsmannen bekunden, dass der Magister Bernard de Netesse (Neetze) ½ Rump Salz...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Magister Bernard de Netesse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neetze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neetz'' seu ''Näätz'') (2.583)
** [[Reinstorf]] (1.290)
** [[Thomasburg]] (1.291)
** [[Vastorf]] (815)
** [[Wendisch Evern]] (1.781)

* [[Scharnebeck (commune generale)|Scharnebeck]] (15.091)
** [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'') (1.610)
** [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'') (3.319)
** [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'') (1.017)
** [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'') (912)
** [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'') (2.408)
** [[Ludersburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüsborg'') (624)
** [[Rullstorf]] (1.880)
** [[Scharnebeck]] (sedes administrationis, 3.321)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luneburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>f4ca1o8j4epsm5sf5knxum9aky6iwck</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amelinghusium (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191202</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993562</id>
      <parentid>3976494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:44:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993562</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1495" sha1="03nvppmbic8hf4fzctiyr9ob0pus5gg" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Amelinghusium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De antiquis pagis, ditionibus, gigerictis et parochiis ubi de Amelinghusio agitur''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Amelinghusium communia [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962 incolae) - hic est sedes administrationis -, [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156), [[Oldendorf (Luya)|Oldendorf]] (985), [[Rehlingen]] (712) atque [[Soderstorf]] (1.444) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Amelinghusium anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis conditum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.amelinghausen.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Amelinghusii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>03nvppmbic8hf4fzctiyr9ob0pus5gg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993576</id>
      <parentid>3993562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:42:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1950" sha1="bzky21l0xl4m7skh9str5w3g8esa783" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Amelinghusium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De antiquis pagis, ditionibus, gigerictis et parochiis ubi de Amelinghusio agitur''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. Ad Amelinghusium communia [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'') (3.962 incolae) - hic est sedes administrationis -, [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') (1.156), [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'') (985), [[Rehlingen]] (712) atque [[Soderstorf]] (1.444) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Amelinghusium anno [[1974]] e communibus supra dictis conditum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.amelinghausen.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Amelinghusii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
      <sha1>bzky21l0xl4m7skh9str5w3g8esa783</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Betzendorfum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191547</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993561</id>
      <parentid>3976489</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2420" sha1="aotav7o4trhbovnsdwmrxq277eq4o8t" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Rundturmkirche St. Peter und Paul-Kirche in Betzendorf IMG 5055.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sanctorum Petri et Pauli Betzendorfi.]]
'''Betzendorfum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Bezenendorpa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Ad Betzendorfum etiam vici [[Drugennigendorpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Drögennindorf''), [[Glusinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Glüsingen'') et [[Tellingmerum]]&lt;ref&gt;Historische Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen (2011). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Band 83''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Tellmer'') pertinent. Betzendorfum ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusii]] est.

== Historia ==
Betzendorfum anno [[1249]] ''Bazindorf'', i.e. &quot;Vicus Bazonis&quot;, primo in actis descriptum est. Anno [[1306]] vicus monasterio Heilsbronnensi in Bavaria traditus est. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] Betzendorfum pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1974 vici supra dicti cum Betzendorfo coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno Betzendorfum cum aliis communibus ad commune generale Amelinghusium se coniunxit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.betzendorf.com/ Pagina Societas Vici Betzendorfi]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]]</text>
      <sha1>aotav7o4trhbovnsdwmrxq277eq4o8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oldendorfium (Luya)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993564</id>
      <parentid>3976493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:45:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1684" sha1="tkortv2i6co2fya7zo50xojxalxvjrj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Oldendorf (Luhe) Wohlenbüttel - Luhe 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|Luya flumen apud Wohlenbüttel vicum ad Oldendorf pertinentem]]
'''Oldendorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Ad Oldendorf etiam vici Wohlenbüttel, Marxen am Berge atque Wetzen pertinent. [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusii]] est. Oldendorf ad flumen [[Luya]]m situm est.

== Historia ==
Quando Oldendorf conditum sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] Oldendorf pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1974 vici supra dicti cum Oldendorf coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno Oldendorf cum aliis communibus ad commune generale Amelinghusium se coniunxit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050126075533/http://oldendorf-luhe.com/ Pagina Societas Vici Oldendorf]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>tkortv2i6co2fya7zo50xojxalxvjrj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993566</id>
      <parentid>3993564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:00:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Oldendorf (Luya)]] ad [[Oldendorfium (Luya)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3993564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1684" sha1="tkortv2i6co2fya7zo50xojxalxvjrj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Oldendorf (Luhe) Wohlenbüttel - Luhe 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|Luya flumen apud Wohlenbüttel vicum ad Oldendorf pertinentem]]
'''Oldendorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Ad Oldendorf etiam vici Wohlenbüttel, Marxen am Berge atque Wetzen pertinent. [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'') ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusii]] est. Oldendorf ad flumen [[Luya]]m situm est.

== Historia ==
Quando Oldendorf conditum sit, nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] Oldendorf pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1974 vici supra dicti cum Oldendorf coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno Oldendorf cum aliis communibus ad commune generale Amelinghusium se coniunxit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050126075533/http://oldendorf-luhe.com/ Pagina Societas Vici Oldendorf]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>tkortv2i6co2fya7zo50xojxalxvjrj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993571</id>
      <parentid>3993566</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:36:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3441" sha1="ndu3q9utbx4be3tdg7j4f18j5dimsle" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Oldendorf (Luhe) Wohlenbüttel - Luhe 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|Luya flumen apud Wohlenbüttel vicum ad Oldendorfium pertinentem.]]
'''Oldendorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Ad Oldendorfium etiam vici [[Marxa ad Montem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;am Berge&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Berg?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum syntagma ''am Berge&quot; Latino &quot;ad Montem&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Marxen am Berge''; Saxonice ''Marßen an’n Barg''), [[Oldendorfium ad Luyam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Oldendorf/Luhe''), [[Wenessen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wenessen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mgh.de/storage/app/media/v-ed/Urkunden_Heinrich_VI_deut_franzoes_italien_Empfaenger_DD_Vorabedition_Pferschy-Maleczek_2020-02-16.pdf?utm ''Urkunden Heinrich VI''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) confirmamus ducentos mansos in Notendorpe, Vreseringe, Gerleuestorpe, Wenessen, Otesen et in aliis locis circa Luneburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wetzen'') atque [[Woldenebutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Woldenebutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5825297&amp;utm ''www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) decimam in villa Woldenebutle (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wohlenbüttel'') pertinent. Oldendorfium ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusii]] est. Oldendorfium ad flumen [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; situm est.

== Historia ==
Quando Oldendorfium conditum sit nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] Oldendorfium pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1974 vici supra dicti cum Oldendorfio coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno Oldendorfium cum aliis communibus ad commune generale Amelinghusium se coniunxit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Oldendorf|Oldendorfium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050126075533/http://oldendorf-luhe.com/ Pagina societas communis Oldendorfii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>ndu3q9utbx4be3tdg7j4f18j5dimsle</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993572</id>
      <parentid>3993571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:37:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3448" sha1="aiurtf5sqxivof3ors967regq5e7czf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Oldendorf (Luhe) Wohlenbüttel - Luhe 01 ies.jpg|thumb|left|[[Luya]] flumen apud [[Woldenebutle]] vicum ad Oldendorfium pertinentem.]]
'''Oldendorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensi]] est. Ad Oldendorfium etiam vici [[Marxa ad Montem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;am Berge&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Berg?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum syntagma ''am Berge&quot; Latino &quot;ad Montem&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Marxen am Berge''; Saxonice ''Marßen an’n Barg''), [[Oldendorfium ad Luyam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Oldendorf/Luhe''), [[Wenessen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wenessen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mgh.de/storage/app/media/v-ed/Urkunden_Heinrich_VI_deut_franzoes_italien_Empfaenger_DD_Vorabedition_Pferschy-Maleczek_2020-02-16.pdf?utm ''Urkunden Heinrich VI''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) confirmamus ducentos mansos in Notendorpe, Vreseringe, Gerleuestorpe, Wenessen, Otesen et in aliis locis circa Luneburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wetzen'') atque [[Woldenebutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Woldenebutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5825297&amp;utm ''www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) decimam in villa Woldenebutle (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wohlenbüttel'') pertinent. Oldendorfium ab anno [[1974]] pars communis generalis [[Amelinghusium (commune generale)|Amelinghusii]] est. Oldendorfium ad flumen [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; situm est.

== Historia ==
Quando Oldendorfium conditum sit nescimus. Fuit postea pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] Oldendorfium pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno 1974 vici supra dicti cum Oldendorfio coniuncti sunt. Eodem anno Oldendorfium cum aliis communibus ad commune generale Amelinghusium se coniunxit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Oldendorf|Oldendorfium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050126075533/http://oldendorf-luhe.com/ Pagina societas communis Oldendorfii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>aiurtf5sqxivof3ors967regq5e7czf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Luya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993574</id>
      <parentid>3976669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:40:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993574</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1452" sha1="2glc19lxbocrhvh2bz6mjvwtdo1yydz" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen|Luya|[[Fasciculus:Bad Bevensen - Brückenstraße - Ilmenau 03 ies.jpg|thumb|350px|Luya apud [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'').]]|58,2|82||476|[[Byspinga]]|Stöckte ([[Winsenia]])|Germania}} 

'''Luya'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Lia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;[http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/orblatl.html Orbis Latinus]&lt;/ref&gt; (Germanice: ''Luhe'') est fluvius in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e. In flumen [[Ilmena]]m influit. 

== Urbes ad Luyam sitae == 
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'')
* [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'')
* [[Winsenia]]

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{flumen-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Albis fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>2glc19lxbocrhvh2bz6mjvwtdo1yydz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993575</id>
      <parentid>3993574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Urbes ad Luyam sitae */</comment>
      <origin>3993575</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1394" sha1="0l734gfdsdmi2h7mvbqzu4urgjrmmlb" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen|Luya|[[Fasciculus:Bad Bevensen - Brückenstraße - Ilmenau 03 ies.jpg|thumb|350px|Luya apud [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'').]]|58,2|82||476|[[Byspinga]]|Stöckte ([[Winsenia]])|Germania}} 

'''Luya'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; seu '''Lia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;[http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/orblatl.html Orbis Latinus]&lt;/ref&gt; (Germanice: ''Luhe'') est fluvius in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e. In flumen [[Ilmena]]m influit. 

== Urbes ad Luyam sitae == 
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'')
* [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'')
* [[Winsenia]]

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{flumen-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Albis fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>0l734gfdsdmi2h7mvbqzu4urgjrmmlb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Franciscus Englert</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198231</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993583</id>
      <parentid>3966501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raippa-Valli</username>
        <id>215417</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1235" sha1="9d4gs3s369j3xtbbms73tnu0zbkcsjz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Franciscus Englert (2007).]]

'''Franciscus Englert''' ([[Francogallice]] ''François Englert'', natus [[Iatrebecca]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus [[Uccla|Ucclae]] die [[18 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]].

Eius alma mater fuit [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]]. Socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] fuit. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}}

{{scien-bio-stipula}}
{{Lifetime|1932|2026|Englert, Franciscus}}

[[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]]</text>
      <sha1>9d4gs3s369j3xtbbms73tnu0zbkcsjz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Appelium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>199728</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993579</id>
      <parentid>3985397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T21:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2937" sha1="n4hy6366u4a0iqvpdsawqxy92w6ydml" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Appelium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Moysburgensis (Caput de parochia Appelii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Appelum'''&lt;ref&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De antiquis pagis, ditionibus, parochiis et rivis territorii Luneburgensis ubi de Appelo agitur''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Appelbachium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;L&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.). (1842). Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Urkunden der Erzbischöfe von Bremen, der Stifter und Klöster (Documentum saeculi XIII de bonis ad Appelbeke sitis) (Vol. I, p. 294). Bremen, Deutschland: Johann Georg Heyse.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Appelbeke'''&lt;ref name=&quot;L&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Appel'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circuli Harburgensis]] est. Ad Appelium commune etiam vici [[Appelium (vicus)|Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Appel''), [[Eversa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eversen''), [[Eversa-Heide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Eversen-Heide''), [[Graua]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Grauen'') atque [[Oldendorfium (Appelium)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Oldendorf'') pertinent. Appelium pars communis generalis [[Holdunesteti (commune generale)|Holdunestetorum]] est.

== Historia ==
Appelium pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Appelium ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[1972]] pars [[Holdunesteti (commune generale)|Holdunestetorum]] communis generalis est. Eodem anno vici supra dicti ad Appelium adiuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.gemeinde-appel.de/ Pagina officialis Appelii]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>n4hy6366u4a0iqvpdsawqxy92w6ydml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Christina Andreae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>200066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993565</id>
      <parentid>3947279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:57:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tamara Logisddha</username>
        <id>104106</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kerstin Andreae, 2017 (cropped).jpg</comment>
      <origin>3993565</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1523" sha1="sm6jr6gjgvcz5jskp7uz5kt4u73xwbv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Kerstin Andreae, 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Christina Andreae anno 2017]]

'''Christina''' (Theod. ''Kerstin'') '''Andreae''' (nata [[21 Octobris]] [[1968]] [[Schramberg]]) rerum politicarum perita [[Germania|Germanica]] factionis [[Foedus 90/Virides|Foederis 90/Viridum]] est.

== Iuventus et munus ==
Postquam anno [[1988]] testimonium maturitatis accepit, Andreae annis 1988 - [[1996]] [[Universitas studiorum Friburgensis Brisgaudiae|Friburgi]] oeconomiae studebat et diploma accepit. Deinde pro diversis institutis et societatis oeconomica operam dedit.

== Cursus honorum ==
Annis [[1999]] - [[2002]] consiliaria in consilio urbis [[Friburgum Brisgoviae|Friburgi]] erat, anno [[2002]] primo legata ad [[Dieta Foederalis Germaniae|Dietam Foederalem Germaniae]] electa est et ad hunc diem manet.

== Familia ==
Andreae bis nupsit et duos liberos habet.

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030100235/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete18/biografien/A/andreae_kerstin.html Biographia brevis apud paginam Dietae Foederalis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017151704/http://kerstin-andreae.de/das-neueste.html Pagina personalis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140228000042/http://www.gruene-bundestag.de/fraktion/abgeordnete_ID_4389869/abgeordnete/andreae.html Curriculum vitae in pagina Fractionis Viridum Dietae Foederalis]

{{Lifetime|1984||Andreae, Christina}}

[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Friburgensis Brisgaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Legati Diaetae foederalis Germaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>sm6jr6gjgvcz5jskp7uz5kt4u73xwbv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Parmenides (Plato)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>206021</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993619</id>
      <parentid>3959050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T07:51:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11223" sha1="am1r2vi2zvhz2exwk8mnuebdowi84kp" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Parmenides beginning. Clarke Plato.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina ''Parmenidis'' in antiquissimo manuscripto quod habeamus, Codice Clarkiano dicto, anno [[895]] exarato.]]
'''''Parmenides''''' ([[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] {{polytonic|Παρμενίδης}}) est unus [[diverbium|dialogorum]] a [[Plato]]ne [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.|saeculo quarto a.C..n.]]  compositorum. Personae praecipuae huius diverbii sunt [[Socrates]], [[Parmenides]] et [[Zeno Eleates]]. Unus e [[Metaphysica|metaphysicis]] dialogis in [[senectus|senectute]] [[auctor]]is elaboratis plerumque habetur in quo de Uno et Multiplici [[Dialectica|dialectice]] disseritur, quaestionibus quae [[philosophia Graeca|philosophis Graecis]] atque in primis [[Eleatici philosophi|Eleaticis]] magnae curae fuerunt, sed etiam de [[Doctrina idearum|theoria formarum]]. Ante ''[[Theaetetus (Plato)|Theaetetum]]'' et ''[[Sophista (Plato)|Sophistam]]'' scriptus est, qui ad eum alludunt&lt;ref&gt;''Theaetetus'' 183e, ''Sophista'' 217c.&lt;/ref&gt;. Huius textus interpretatio exegetica magni momenti in [[Neoplatonismus|neoplatonica doctrina]] fuit.

==Personae dialogi==
* [[Parmenides]]: hoc in dialogo magistri partes agit. Socratis doctrinae difficultates logicas ostendit atque deinde docet quomodo ad hypotheses varias probandas necessarium sit omnes res consequentes diligentissime inspicere non tantum cum vera esse hypothesis ponitur sed etiam cum falsa.
*[[Socrates]]: tempore dialogi adhuc iunior erat quam ut cum Parmenide dialectice certare posset cui primas partes relinquit.
* [[Zeno Eleates]]: initio librum legit quem ad doctrinam magistri sui Parmenidis confirmandam composuit et a Socrate refutatur. Postquam ipse Parmenides sermonem suscepit Zeno magistro locum relinquit&lt;ref&gt;136d-e.&lt;/ref&gt;.
*Aristoteles qui minimus natu e praesentibus dicitur in secunda parte interroganti Parmenidi respondet, quae velut monologus in forma dialogi expositus dici potest. Unus e [[Triginta Tyranni|triginta tyrannis]] postea fuit&lt;ref&gt;127d. [[Xenophon]], ''[[Hellenica (Xenophon)|Hellenica]]'' II.3.2.&lt;/ref&gt; nec confundendus est cum praeclaro Platonis discipulo qui multo postea vixit.
*Aderat etiam Pythodorus (Zenonis discipulus&lt;ref&gt;[[Plato]], ''[[Alcibiades prior|Alcibiades]]'' 119a.&lt;/ref&gt;)  qui dialogum Antiphonti, Pyrilampi filio et Platonis uterino fratri, narravit a quo eum nunc accipit Cephalus [[Clazomenae|Clazomenius]] ab Atheniensibus Glaucone et Adimanto, aliis Platonis fratribus, invitatus. Totius operis narrator fit Cephalus.

Concursus Parmenidis et Socratis fictitius vulgo habetur. An chronologice fieri potuerit dubium est.

== Argumentum ==
Socrates in Pythodori domum venit ''Argumenta'' Zenonis auditurus. Volumine perlecto auctori obicit quod tantum in rebus sensibilibus Multiplicem non esse demonstrarit, non in rebus intellegibilibus quod multo praestantius fuisset. Nam ipse [[Doctrina idearum|formarum doctrinam]] defendit. Parmenides Socratis pugnacitatem philosophicam quidem laudat sed variis argumentationibus eum in angustias compellit et fateri eum cogit, si sunt formae, illas ab hominibus nullo modo percipi posse ac rursus deum illarum formarum sapientem res nostras cognoscere non posse quia ab invicem omnino separatae sunt. Parmenides conlocutori benevolus praedicit maturiorem factum Socratem exitus ex illis aporiis quondam inventurum&lt;ref&gt;Paene ipse ideas adfirmat cum dicit (135b-c): si quis ideas neget ''οὐδὲ ὅποι τρέψει τὴν διάνοιαν ἕξει, μὴ ἐῶν  ἰδέαν τῶν ὄντων ἑκάστου τὴν αὐτὴν ἀεὶ εἶναι, καὶ οὕτως τὴν τοῦ διαλέγεσθαι δύναμιν παντάπασι διαφθερεῖ. τοῦ τοιούτου μὲν οὖν μοι δοκεῖς καὶ μᾶλλον ᾐσθῆσθαι''.&lt;/ref&gt;, necessariam tamen ad hoc fore adsiduam et pertinacem exercitationem dialecticae. Tunc omnes homines praesentes eum precantur ut tale exemplum exercitationis ipse dare velit, quod aliquamdiu deprecatus in Uno, quod exemplum ei maxime cordi erat, in fine facere consentit.

In secunda parte Parmenides methodum dialecticam investigationis quam suadet in exemplo Unius explicat. Per [[Hypothesis|hypotheses]] binarias quid fiat si Unum sit, quid si Unum non sit explorat et ad conclusiones [[Paradoxum|paradoxicas]] atque invicem contradicentes pervenit. Haec demonstratio lectori hodierno saepe molesta est atque utilitatem dialecticae potius refutare videtur&lt;ref&gt;Jean-Michel Charrue, ''Illusion de la dialectique et dialectique de l’illusion'', Les Belles Lettres, 2003 [https://books.openedition.org/lesbelleslettres/872]. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=o-FaEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA5&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum].&lt;/ref&gt;. Propositum auctoris [[Aenigma|aenigmaticum]] remanet: fortasse scripta hodie deperdita impugnabat aut validissima contra suam doctrinam argumenta ipse in unum colligere voluit ut eius firmitatem experiretur. Certe opiniones [[Critica litterarum|criticorum]] modernorum diversissimae sunt.

== Editiones et commentarii ==
* Francis Macdonald Cornford, ''Plato and Parmenides. Parmenides' &quot;Way of truth&quot; and Plato's &quot;Parmenides&quot; translated with an introduction and a running commentary'', Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, Londonii 1939, iterum 1950 et 1958
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]: Auguste Diès, ''[https://archive.org/details/uvrescompltes81plat/page/n7/mode/2up Platon. Œuvres complètes. Tome VIII, 1re partie: Parménide]'', Les Belles Lettres, 1923 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_1146-9447_1926_num_25_142_4571_t1_0241_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Commentarios vetustiores composuerunt [[Proclus]]&lt;ref&gt;Septem volumina in [[Collection des Universités de France]]: Concetta Luna et Alain Philippe Segonds, ''Proclus. Commentaire sur le Parménide de Platon'', Les Belles Lettres, 2007-2021. [https://www.lesbelleslettres.com/contributeur/proclus] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2012/2012.05.26 Recensio critica]&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Marsilius Ficinus]]&lt;ref&gt;Marsilio Ficino, ''Commentary on Plato's Parmenides'', ed. et interpr. Maude Vanhaelen. 2 volumina.  Harvard University Press, 2012. [https://www.academia.edu/7657502/Book_Review_Marsilio_Ficino_Commentary_on_Platos_Parmenides_ed_and_trans_Maude_Vanhaelen_2_vols_Cambridge_Harvard_University_Press_2012_ Recensio critica]&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Damascius]]&lt;ref&gt;Damascius. ''Commentaire du Parménide de Platon'', texte établi par L. G. Westerink, introduit, traduit et annoté par J. Combes avec la collaboration de A.-Ph. Segonds, Les Belles Lettres, 1997. Duo volumina ([[Collection des Universités de France]]). [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1997_num_99_3_4711_t1_0580_0000_2 Recensio critica]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bibliographia ==
*Giovanni Casertano et alii, ''Eleatica 2011 : da Parmenide di Elea al Parmenide di Platone'', Academia Verlag, 2015 [https://www.academia.edu/12735461/G_Casertano_et_al_Da_Parmenide_di_Elea_al_Parmenide_di_Platone_Eleatica_4_F_Gambetti_and_S_Giombini_eds_Academia_Sankt_Augustin_2015 Academia.edu]
**''Il nome della cosa : linguaggio e realtà negli ultimi dialoghi di Platone'', Loffredo editore, Neapoli 1996
* Monique Dixsaut, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/phlou_0035-3841_2003_num_101_2_7489 Le temps qui s'avance et l'instant du changement (Timée, 37 C-39 E, Parménide, 140 E-141 E, 151 E-155 E)]&quot;, ''Revue Philosophique de Louvain'', 2003: 236-264
*Frédéric Fauquier, ''Le Parménide au miroir des platonismes'', Les Belles Lettres, Parisiis 2018 [https://www.lesbelleslettres.com/livre/9782251448275/le-parmenide-au-miroir-des-platonismes]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2019/2019.07.27/ Recensio critica]
*Cuno Fischer, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=p5k-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De Parmenide Platonico]'', Suttgardiae, 1851
*Rudolf P. Hägler, ''Platons 'Parmenides': Probleme der Interpretation'', de Gruyter, Berolini 1983 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=lzT4HeK1wckC&amp;pg=PP2&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*A. Hatzfeld,	''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5328359d.texteImage De Parmenide Platonis : disputatio academica]'', Parisiis, apud Joubert bibliopolam, 1850
*Hubert Jacobs,&quot;[https://books.openedition.org/pusl/21664 La question de l'Un dans la pensée grecque]&quot; in ''Variations sur Dieu'', Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles, 2005: 147-161
* Georgios Koumakis, ''Platons Parmenides. Zum Problem seiner Interpretation'', Bouvier, Bonnae 1971
*Béatrice Lienemann, ''Die Argumente des Dritten Menschen in Platons Dialog ‘Parmenides’. Rekonstruktion und Kritik aus analytischer Perspektive'' (Hypomnemata – 184), Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, Gottingae 2010 [https://journals.openedition.org/etudesplatoniciennes/300 Recensio critica]
*Walter Mesch, «[https://shs.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2002-2-page-159?lang=fr&amp;tab=texte-integral Être et temps dans le Parménide de Platon]», ''Revue philosophique de la France et de l’étranger'', 2002: 159–175.
* Maurizio Migliori, ''Dialettica e verità: commentario filosofico al &quot;Parmenide&quot; di Platone'', Vita &amp; Pensiero, Mediolani 1990 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1994_num_107_511_2635_t2_0733_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Gianmarco Minesi, «[https://journals.openedition.org/philosant/5327#quotation La structure de l'idée dans le Parménide de Platon]», ''Philosophie antique'', 2021, 205-232.
*Denis O'Brien, &quot;«[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2007_num_120_2_7872 L'hypothèse » de Parménide (Platon, Parménide 137 a 7-b 4)]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 2007: 414-480
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2005_num_118_1_4613 Einai copulatif et existentiel dans le Parménide de Platon]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 2005: 229-245
* Enzo Paci, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20241225200610/http://www.filosofia.it/archivio/images/download/ebook/paci_significato_parmenide_filosofia_platone Il significato del Parmenide nella filosofia di Platone]'', Principato, Messanae &amp; Mediolani 1938, editio altera, Bompiani, Mediolani 1988 (Opere di Enzo Paci)
*Christoph Poetsch, ''Conceptual Patterns in Plato’s Parmenides'', Vittorio Klostermann, Francofurti ad Moenum 2023 [https://www.academia.edu/104319906/Conceptual_Patterns_in_Plato_s_Parmenides_Reading_sample_Vittorio_Klostermann_ Recensio critica]
*Samuel Scolnicov, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/vrin/9142 Le parricide déguisé : Platon contre l’antiplatonisme parménidien]&quot; in ''Contre Platon 2'', ed. Monique Dixsaut, Vrin, Parisiis 1995: 215-234
* Hans Günter Zeckl, ''Der Parmenides: Untersuchgen über innere Einheit, Zielsetzung und begriffliches Verhalten eines platonischen Dialogs'', Marpurgi 1968, iterum 1971

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD) Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem.]

[[Categoria:Dialogi Socratici]]
[[Categoria:Opera Platonis]]
[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 4 a.C.n.]]</text>
      <sha1>am1r2vi2zvhz2exwk8mnuebdowi84kp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mondrepuis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>207619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993596</id>
      <parentid>3908179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T00:46:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="723" sha1="26du8y4h7ptebyvmvnm2uq2m58u20jh" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 02495.png|thumb|250px|Mondrepuis: communis tabula]]
''' Mondrepuis''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'033 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|Axonae]] in regione boreali [[Picardia]] quae anno 2016 in regionem [[Alta Franciae]] contributa est.

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Axonae]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mondrepuis|Mondrepuis}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119063940/http://www.mondrepuis.fr/ Mondrepuis pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|02495|de=Mondrepuis}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Axonae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Axonae]]</text>
      <sha1>26du8y4h7ptebyvmvnm2uq2m58u20jh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index urbium, oppidorum et communium Saxoniae Inferioris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993582</id>
      <parentid>3993484</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T21:32:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="236521" sha1="scfrwu0wzo3nyy8dw1jq2oi0kc8ncc0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni (Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis)|Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis|Circulo Neoburgensi Visurgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Nienburg/Weser&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus &quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Neoburgensis-e&quot; et &quot;Visurgensis-e&quot; ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Liebenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Paludis Visurgensis|Circulo Paludis Visurgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wesermarsch&quot;&gt;Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit. De Latina autem toponymia, vide Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Theodisce ''Landkreis Wesermarsch''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Osnabrück&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''Emsländische Landschaft''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) ''villa Brac'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cornu Curvatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Sanctae Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marienhafe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3134/Marienhafe.pdf ''Marienhafe''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird Marienhafe erstmals am 16. Februar 1250 als „curia sancte Marie“, d.h. „Hof der heiligen Maria“ erwähnt. 1362 ist von „curia Virginis gloriose“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marienhafe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum et vocabulum ''(-)Heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hachede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hachede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/marschacht/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''paludem a Blekethe vsque ad Ecclesiam Hachede'' (...) ''in quorum honore est altare in prefata ecclesia Hachethe dedicatum'' (...) ''Hinricus Bartolomei plebanus in Merschhachede'' (...) ''rector parrochialis ecclesie in Merschachtede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Marschacht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Meschacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hlunia (commune)|Hlunia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlunia&quot;&gt;Nomen communis Theodisce ''Lenne'' dicti suo e homonymo fluvio, Latine &quot;Hlunia&quot; nuncupato, ortum est. Latinum igitur nomen huius communis Latino ex hydronymo etiam derivandum est. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hlutherun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlutherun&quot;&gt;Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardBodeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161221-965.htm?utm ''Koeble rGerhard Bodeinderdeutschen Ortsgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lüder''', 11. Jh., an einem Bache bei Bodenteich bei Uelzen, F1-1383 HLUTAR (lauter bzw. rein) Hlutherun, Hlutherun (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Insula Longa&quot;&gt;Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] &quot;Insula Longa&quot; reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine &quot;longus, -a, -um&quot;] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine &quot;insula, -ae&quot; f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum &quot;Insula Longa&quot; sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iunium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laatza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacstidi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacstidi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.mundart-kommission.lwl.org/media/filer_public/ef/48/ef48ff64-c0e3-4be5-906f-7d8f27fdba18/ndw_39__scheuermann_der_often.pdf?utm ''Mundart Kommission''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in locis quorum hec sunt nomina, Lacstidi, Romlo, Dudanebutli'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Loxstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lox'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ladorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Abels 1929&quot;&gt;Abels, H. (1929). ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes, in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. [[Paderbronna]]e: Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lorup''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loorp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loorpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lahda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma &quot;Lahna&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lamespringa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamespringa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lamestede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamestede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Landesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Landolfshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niederlangen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nederlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ober&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;superior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr. Cf. [[Austria Superior|Austriam Superiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oberlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langelege]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Langelege&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langelshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chemnitz 1717&quot;&gt;Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Langwedel&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lare&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lasdorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasdorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bruga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bruga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leezdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lehrta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehrte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leiferde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lembruchium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bruchium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-bruch'' seu ''-broich'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bruchium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Horbruchium]] ac [[Mosbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus|indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]; [[Legebruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Brandenburgi|indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Grevenbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae|indice communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lembruch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lembrouk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lemgow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengethe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII_Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in Lengethe'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 275 S. 259) 1213 ''in Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 660 S. 631) um 1232 ''in Lengethe archidiaconus'' (UB Goslar I Nr. 518 S. 499) 1235 ''in Lengete'' (Orig. Guelf. IV Nr. 50 S. 144) 1256 ''in archidiaconatibus de Barem et Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 992 S. 497) 1311 Lenghedhe apud Vusenam (UB H.Hild. IV Nr. 85 S. 45) 1316 ''in Lengede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lenge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengenbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''AltdeutschesNamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 2) Lengerich an der Wallage, Kr. Lingen (...) Lengirichi Osnabr. Ukb. ca. a. 1000. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leonis Forda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonis Forda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.komoot.com/es-es/highlight/2261371 ''Iglesia Martín Lutero de Lemförde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) La comunidad fue mencionada por primera vez en un documento en 1248. En épocas anteriores, el lugar se llamaba Löwenförde, Leonis forda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemförde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lemfouer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leonovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lerin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Liebenburg''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Liebenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liliarum Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lilienthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leendaal'' seu ''Lelendaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindduri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lindern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindwedel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lindwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linneweh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Linsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liubeme]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lübbow&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/luebbow/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schriftlich ist das zweizeilige Reihendorf erstmals in einer kaiserlichen Urkunde aus dem Jahr 956 erwähnt: Ks. Otto I. († 973) schenkte dem Kloster Quedlinburg sechs Dörfer, darunter ''Liubeme'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lübbow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''Das Güterverzeichniss Graf Heinrichs von Dale (1188)'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochia Lon prope Vechtam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lohne''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Longa Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Indago&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_bij005190401_01/_bij005190401_01_0009.php?utm ''www.dbnl.org''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Villa&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo &quot;Longa Villa&quot; verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Loninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Löningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lubberstedi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lubberstedi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://lübberstedt.de/ueber-unser-dorf/?utm ''Lübberstedt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche Name „lubberstedi“ ist zusammengesetzt aus „stedi“ (Ort, Platz, Stelle), womit eine Ansiedlung bezeichnet wird, und „lubber“, dem Namen des (ursprünglichen) Familienoberhauptes des Einzelhofes bzw. der kleinen Gemeinschaftssiedlung, bedeutet also: „Lubbers-Stätte“. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lübberstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lübbs'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luccavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Luccavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luccavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Luckau'' forma &quot;Luccavia&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Luccavia]]m apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Luckau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ludersburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüsborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ludersfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüschenfeile'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luerdissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüerdissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luhda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Luhden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Liuen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lutetsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lütetsburg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Lütsbörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lyese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyese&quot;&gt;Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Maasen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marklohe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marlare (Saxonia Inferior)|Marlare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marlare&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Marl'' forma &quot;Marlare&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Marlare|Marlare Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]] apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marsunnon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marsunnon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://historischer-rueckklick-bielefeld.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/07svhvr-texte_ocr.pdf?utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Osnabrücker Raumes''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Merzen (Marsunnon)'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Merzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marxa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marxen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Masingi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Messingen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2258/WOB%2011%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Kreises%20Paderborn.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''WOB 11 Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Paderborn''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''silva Masingorum'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Messingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mechtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Mechtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mechtsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Media Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Media Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/mittelnkirchen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi &quot;(...) Mittelnkirchen ist nach 1305 und 1322 als ''medie Lu'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelnkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelskark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meinersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Meinersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Maanze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Melbike]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Melbeck&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.samtgemeinde-ilmenau.de/PortalData/10/Resources/historie/dokumente/Orts-_und_Gewaessernamen_im_Landkreis_Lueneburg.pdf?utm ''Orts- und Gewässernamen im Landkreis Lueneburg'']. ubi &quot;(...) Melbeck 1296 in Melbeke. 1300 in villa Melbike. 1303 in villa Melbeke (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lemgo.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/Stadtarchiv/Bib_974.pdf?utm ''Album studiosorum Academiae'']. ubi &quot;(...) Henrich Carl Kahmann Mella-Osnabrugensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mellinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mellgenhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Menslaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Menslage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Menslaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merdvelde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Merdvelde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/martfeld/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''Curtem in Merdvelde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Martfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mattfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meribiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meribiki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=3296&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbeck''' (...) Meribiki MGd. 3 (1013) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Meerbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mierbke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Messencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Messenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Messenkampe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meine'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mittelstenaha]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelstenahe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelsnohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moisburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Moisburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Molberga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/loescher2/loescherthreni.html ''THRENI, SEU LAMENTATIOnes Ieremiae Prophetae...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''Molberga vocatur'' (...) ''Sensit et externas Molberga innoxia vires'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Molbergen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Molbiergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monstere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monstere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/munster-st-urbani/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''decima in Monstere'' (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Munster''; [[Saxonice]] ''Munste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moormerland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Moormerlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moranga Curtis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mutha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mutha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://niedersaechsischer-heimatbund.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1022-Die-echte-und-die-gef%C3%A4lschten-Urkunden-f%C3%BCr-das-Kloster-St.-MIchaelis-in-Hildesheim_compressed.pdf?utm ''Niedersächsischer Heimatbund''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) III. ''Mutha'' Güter (Urk. II S. 307); ''Mutha'' Güter (Urk. III S. 66) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Müden'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nahrendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nenndorfium (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nenndorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nenndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Netesse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netesse&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WG33LCQUIIHK3OA7DR6IKIOFHW6FXKYJ?utm ''12 Lüneburger Ratsmannen bekunden, dass der Magister Bernard de Netesse (Neetze) ½ Rump Salz...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Magister Bernard de Netesse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neetze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neetz'' seu ''Näätz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neyenkerken&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-lueneburger-heide/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''bona, que Vriban vulgariter nuncupantur, in Neyenkerken et Hellewede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Ericetum Luneburgense|Ericeto Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lüneburger&quot;&gt;Theodiscum gentilicium ''Lüneburger'' Latino &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lüneburger Heide&quot;&gt;Theodisce ''Lüneburger Heide''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niedernwöhren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niernweuern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-07-2017/AAAKoeblerGerhardSamtgemeindeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20170710%20-%20111.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  (Samtgemeinde in dem Landkreis Schaumburg,) rund 11000 Einwohner, Nienstide (1153-1170) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nighunburni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Negenborn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niägenborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norden''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Eofrisicosaxonice]] ''Nörden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordcele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordcele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=2774&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Nordsehl''', 13. Jh., Gemeinde in Schaumburg, s. GOV Schaumburg 384, (in) Nordcele Cal (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nordsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nordsiele'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenhamia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ham&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ham'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-hamia-ae&quot; aut &quot;hamium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ham''' : -''hamia,'' -''hamium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordenham'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderneia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norderney''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Nördernee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordtmor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordtmor&quot;&gt;Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio &quot;Nordtmorensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nortmoor/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Nordtmorensis: Hermannus Gueneranus'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nortmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norhtunon-Hardenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/noerten/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Norhtunon'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northarpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nortrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nortleda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nordleda/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) urkundlich erstmals 1312 als ''Nortleda'' belegt (...) ''Marquardus de Nortleda'' (...) ''Thidericus rector ecclesie in Nortleda'' (...) ''rector parochialis ecclesia in Nortleda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nordleda''; [[Saxonice]] ''De Lee'' seu ''Lee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Notendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Notendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mgh.de/storage/app/media/v-ed/Urkunden_Heinrich_VI_deut_franzoes_italien_Empfaenger_DD_Vorabedition_Pferschy-Maleczek_2020-02-16.pdf?utm ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs VI: Vorabedition''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''confirmamus ducentos mansos in Notendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Natendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Natendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nottensdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nottensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nottensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Civitas (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt am Rübenberge'' seu ''Neustadt a. Rbge.''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niestadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Darchavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neu Darchau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nee Darchau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Domus (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Domus&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuhaus'' Latino &quot;Nova Domum&quot; verti solet. Cf. Novas Domus apud {{Graesse}} aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neehuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Birsinam)|Nova Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuenkirchen'' Latino &quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Nova Ecclesia (Liebenburgum)|Novam Ecclesiam Liebenburgensem]] apud [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [[Nova Ecclesia (Rugia)|Novam Ecclesiam in Rugia]] apud Fabricii (anno 1862) ''Urkunden zur Geschichte des Fürstenthums Rügen unter den eingebornen Fürsten''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Anclamum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope [[Anclamum]] apud Eggert (anno 1970) ''Geschichte Pommerns: Vol. 1. Bis zum Westfälischen Frieden''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Brandenburgum Novum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope Brandenburgum Novum apud ''Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 9); et Novam Ecclesiam Pomeranam apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Birsina]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkarken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Ecclesia-Vorda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen-Vörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken-Vörden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Exclusa Harlingana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;exclusa&gt;Vocabulum et suffixum [[lingua Saxonica|Saxonicum]] ''(-)Siel'' Theodisco vocabulum ''Schleuse'' respondet, ut iam Adelungus in ''Grammatisch-kritischem Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart'' s. v. ''Schleuse'' testatur: &quot;Im Niederdeutschen wird eine Schleuse ... ein Siel ... [vocatur]&quot;; ipsum autem Theodiscum ''Schleuse'' Latine &quot;exclusa, -ae&quot; f. redditur, nam Adelungus ibidem ''Schleuse'' inter mediae Latinitatis vocabula &quot;exclusa&quot;, &quot;inclusura&quot;, &quot;conclusio&quot;, &quot;sclusa&quot;, &quot;clusa&quot; refert, et ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' quoque ''Schleuse'' = &quot;exclusa, -ae&quot; f. tradit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Harlinganus-a-um&quot;&gt;Theodiscum gentilicium interfixum ''-harlinger-'' Latino &quot;harlinganus-a-um&quot; vertitur. Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3275/Altharlingersiel.pdf?utm Heinze, A. (2015). ''Altharlingersiel''. Ostfriesische Landschaft, Bibliothek/Ortsdatenbank], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) claustrum Harlinganum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neuharlingersiel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeharlingersiel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Indago (Circulus terrae Cellensis)|Nova Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienhagen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Nienhagen'' &quot;Nova Indago&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_WfU-AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_WfU-AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''&quot;Meklenburgisches Urkundenbuch / 4 1297-1300 ; Nachträge und Register zu Band I - IV''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nienhagen, A. Doberan, Kspl. Lichtenhagen, 13 NO Rostock, Nigenhaghen, Noua Indago, Nygenhaghen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nienhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Neulehe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-altes-land/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) urkundlich erstmals 1274 als ''Nova Lu'' belegt (...) Landesgemeinde Altes Land (1361 eigenes Siegel, Umschrift: ''Sigillum communitates veteris terrae'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Vetus Terra|Vetere Terra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vetus Terra&quot;&gt;Theodisce ''Altes Land''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neekark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Palus Campensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;campensis&quot;&gt;Theodiscum interfixum ''-kamper-'' Latino gentilicio &quot;campensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad vocabulum &quot;campus-i&quot; (Theodisce ''Kamp'') refertur. Revera, [https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum lexemate ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-fehn&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neukamperfehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeikamperfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Scona Mora]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scona Mora&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.holtgast-urlaub.de/cgi-bin/hvv/index.pl?gid=&amp;id=&amp;mid=40&amp;utm ''Die Benediktinerzeit''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Visiator fand um 1290 im Kloster &quot;Scona Mora&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neuschoo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeschoo'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neubörger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Naiboorger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Wulmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neu Wulmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vosshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nyenkerken (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NyenkerkenII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_bij005190401_01/_bij005190401_01_0009.php?utm ''dbnl''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Item curtis in Nyenkerken'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Osnabrück&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nyenkerken (Haduloha)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nyenkerken&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-land-hadeln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''rector parrochialis ecclesie in Nyenkerken'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Haduloha (commune generale)|Haduloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haduloha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/wz-9396.pdf?utm ''Westfälische Geschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &quot;Haduloha ... - hoc enim loco nomen, ubi oceanus Saxoniam alluit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haduloha&quot;&gt;[[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Land Hadeln''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkarken'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberndorfium (Osta)|Oberndorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oberndorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öberndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obernholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öwernkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ochtersum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oderquatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oderquatum&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-at'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-atum-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-at''' : -''atum'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formae antiquae huius toponymi &quot;Oderquat&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1889hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cadenberghe, Oppele, Oderquat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oederquart'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Odishemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Odisheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Godshem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oen (Saxonia Inferior)|Oen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''de dotali manso ecclesie Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de curia Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de domo Bernhardi Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) um 1150 ''in Toń'' (Urb. Werden I S. 234 Z. 19) 1188-1331 (A. 1331) ''in parrochia On'' (Philippi/Bannier, Güterverzeichnis S. 420) 1213 ''in parochia On'' (Niesert, Urkundensammlung IV Nr. 48 S. 188) 1263 ''de domo Herewici de One'' (WUB III Nr. 706 S. 366) 1282-1306 (A. Mitte 16. Jh.) ''curtem dictam Runhoff in parochia On'' (...) ''in parrochia On'' (...) ''domum des Doven in parochia Oen'' (...) ''curtem dictam Ruvenhoff, Cortehus in parochia On'' (...) ''in parochia Oen'' (Bruns, LB Steinfurt Nr. K53 S. 58) 1367 ''in parrochia, in qua et legione dictis Oen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oetzen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ötzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ohrum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ohrum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldenburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ooldenbuurich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ollnborg'' seu ''Ollenbörg'' seu ''Ollenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osloß]]
* [[Osnabruga]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteel]]
* [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]]
* [[Osterbruch]]
* [[Ostercappeln]]
* [[Ostereistedt]]
* [[Osterode am Harz]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterwald]]
* [[Ostrhauderfehn]]
* [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]]
* [[Otterndorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgönne]]
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oyten]]	
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Padingbüttel]]
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/ Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsau]]
* [[Pattensen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegestorf]]
* [[Pennigsehl]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohle]]
* [[Pollhagen]]
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezelle]]
* [[Prinzhöfte]]
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrück]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quendorf]]
* [[Querenhorst]]
* [[Quernheim]]
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rastörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rehborg-Locken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rowohle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rohrsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rohßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ronnenbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sanctae Mariae Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Mariental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Swering'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seinje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Steembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stemne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nordstemmen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''novem iugera sitam Stemne'' (...) ''novem iugeribus in Nortstempne'' (...) ''capellam in northstemne'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordstemmen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Staarbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stöckse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stoltnaa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Eofrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Uchte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Urlaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oerrel.feuerwehr-munster.de/---orla---die-kleine-oertze-.html ''Freiwillige Feuerwehr Oerre''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Vrlaha“ als das Kirchdorf „Oerel“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oerel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Mimedensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mimedensis&quot;&gt;Theodiscum hydronymicum praefixum ''Nieme-'' Latino gentilicio &quot;Mimedensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad flumen Mimede seu Mymede (Theodisce ''Nieme'') refertur. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''riuum, qui teutonice Mimede vocatur'' (...) ''riuum, qui toutonice Mymede vocatur'' (...) ''flumine Mimede'' (...) ''riuum, qui Mymede vocatur''  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Niemetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Via Paludis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Via Paludis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum nominale praefixum ''Moor-'' Latino substantivo casu genetivo &quot;paludis&quot; (f.)] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Weg?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-weg'' Latino nomine &quot;via-ae&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moorweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warmsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Warpe]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wenngessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wietzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wunsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
      <sha1>scfrwu0wzo3nyy8dw1jq2oi0kc8ncc0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Navis cisternata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>218849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993610</id>
      <parentid>3956644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T03:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993610</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1426" sha1="qsxnd0q1j61w0b5aj4edqqdqlnudr0h" xml:space="preserve">'''Navis cisternata'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310165109/http://es.pons.com/traducci%C3%B3n/lat%C3%ADn-alem%C3%A1n/cisternata Dictionarium Latinum Theodiscum Pons]&lt;/ref&gt; est genus [[navis oneraria]]e accomodata ad vehenda [[liquidum|liquida]] affatim in magnis [[cisterna|cisternis]] aut [[cupa|cupis]].

==Genera==
Distinguuntur haec naves secundum genus oneris vecti:
* [[Navis petrolearia|Petroleariae]] [[petroleum]] et eorum subfructus vehunt. Sunt maximae naves in toto orbe terrarum.
* [[Chemicoploion|Chemicoploia]] [[chemia|chemica]] producta vehunt et draconianis normis subiecta sunt.
* [[Navis butanaria|Butanariae]] et [[Navis methanaria|Methanariae]] [[hygraerion]] seu liquefactum [[gasium]] in cupis designatis ad resistendum magnis [[pressio]]nibus vehunt.
* [[Navis vinaria|Vinariae]], fere amissae, [[vinum]] vehebant.
* Aliquae [[navis frigorifica|naves frigorificae]], v.gr. naves [[potio malosinensis|potionem malosinensem]] vehentes, in naves cisternatas conversae sunt et refrigerationis instrumenta habent. 

==Pinacotheca==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Batillus tanker in Saint-Nazaire.jpg|Superpetrolearia Batillus
Imago:Fiona-swan.jpg|Chemicoploion Fiona Swan
Imago:Methanier aspher LNGRIVERS.jpg|Methanaria LNG Rivers
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Organizatio Maritima Internationalis]]

[[Categoria:Navigatio]]
[[Categoria:Genera navium|cisternata]]

{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
      <sha1>qsxnd0q1j61w0b5aj4edqqdqlnudr0h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dionantum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>224163</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993503</id>
      <parentid>3871345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:03:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3564" sha1="5stl0bel80v64rhqj6zur9yvqbxc54b" xml:space="preserve">{{capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Dinant JPG01.jpg|thumb|Dionantum]]
'''Dionantum'''&lt;ref&gt;Robert Ainsworth, [https://books.google.fi/books?id=rzZLAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA33-IA110&amp;lpg=PA33-IA110&amp;dq=Dionantum+Dinant&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=XmX2ghe3ep&amp;sig=IBOjFNut-QXU50yJBUO0cktYjEA&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCMQ6AEwAWoVChMIk4yY7-f7yAIVx4ssCh3dNgsj#v=onepage&amp;q=Dionantum%20Dinant&amp;f=false ''Thesaurus Linguæ Latinæ Compendiarius''], 1752, p. 33; James Playfair, [https://books.google.fi/books?id=745BAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA130&amp;lpg=PA130&amp;dq=Dionantum+Dinant&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=SE4IHxIOVy&amp;sig=kDlanZo7MqHR2BLPRARF72oEv_I&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CC0Q6AEwA2oVChMIk4yY7-f7yAIVx4ssCh3dNgsj#v=onepage&amp;q=Dionantum%20Dinant&amp;f=false ''A System of Geography, Ancient and Modern''], Hill, 1812 130-131..&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice : ''Dinant'') est urbs [[Belgica]]e, in parte [[Wallonia]]e, in provincia [[Namurcum|Namurcensi]] sita.

Urbs secundum ripas fluvii [[Mosa]]e se extendit.

Dionantum circa {{formatnum:13000}} incolas numeratur in initio saeculi vicesimi primi.

Superficies urbis circiter 99,80 chiliometrorum quadratorum est.

== Historia ==
Iam inventa sunt Dionanti et ad ripas fluvii Mosae vestigia multa temporum quae docti palaelithicum, mesolithicum et neolithicum nuncupare solent.

Etymon verbi videtur celticum fontem habere : ''divonanto'' quod secundum quosdam ''vallem sacram'' designat.

Iam tempore Caesaris hac in regione legiones romanae transiisse videntur. Sed praesentia Romana praecipue in temporibus Imperii Romani animadvertitur e reliquiis archaeologicis. Tunc temporis Dionantum pars erat civitatis Tungrorum.

Saeculo IV apparet vel attestatur initium religionis christianae, cella enim a Sancto Materno tunc Dionanti constructa est. Sanctus Perpetuus dicitur Dionanti natus esse, qui postea factus est episcopus Tungrorum.

Anno 1047, regente Henrico VI Sacrum Imperium Romanum, urbs Dionanti facta est pars [[Principatus episcopalis Leodiensis]].

Saeculo XIIImo, moenia urbis construuntur.

Urbs deleta est et incolarum magna pars interfecta est inter dies 18 et 25 mensis Augusti 1466 cum Carolus Audax, dux Burgundiae, urbem diripuisset et compilavisset.

[[Fasciculus:Dinant-ruins-ww1.jpg|thumb|Via Dionanti post strages a Germanis patratas (anno 1915).]]
[[Fasciculus:RocherBayardDinant.JPG|thumb|Rupes Bayardi via ad Dionantum ducenti.]]

Denuo anno 1914, urbs Dionantum atrociter direpta est a militibus Germanis qui uno die 23 Augusti 1914, 675 incolas tam viros quam mulieres et infantes atrociter interfecerunt, urbemque delerunt.

In secundo bello omnium gentium die 12 mai 1940 deletus est pons super Mosam impediendi causa transgressum Germanorum, sed turma curruum cataphractorum quos ducebat [[Ervinus Rommel]] postero die valuit flumen tranire.

Bello ad finem vergente, fuit tamen adhuc urbs anno 1944 pyrobolis deleta et incensa.

== Homines noti ==
Inter incolas urbis, fortasse maioris famae est [[Adolphus Sax]] qui instrumentum musicum novum cui nomen [[saxophonum]] creavit.

== Res visu dignae ==
Stans ad viam quae ducit ad urbem Dionanti, rupes est famosa quae vocatur Rupes [[Bayardus equus|Bayardi]]. Secundum fabellam [[Bayardus equus]] ictu ungulorum hanc rupem apperuisse dicitur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Ph. Döllinger, ''La Ligue hanséatique. Emergence, la floraison et la chute d'un syndicat'', Utrecht, 1967.
* E. Gérard, 1988, ''Histoire de la ville de Dinant'', Dinant, 1988.
* H. Hachez, ''Histoire de Dinant'', Bruxellis, 1932.
* M. Hubert, ''Dinant à travers les âges'', Dinant, 2007.

[[Categoria:Urbes Valloniae]]</text>
      <sha1>5stl0bel80v64rhqj6zur9yvqbxc54b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lancôme (Lidericus et Carus)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>237552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993542</id>
      <parentid>3895778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T16:14:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1005" sha1="9arz2pr9vyowzqwr2mgyys087hwx7jz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus: Lancome_Eglise.jpg |thumb|250 px|Lancôme: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Petrus|Sancto Petro]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 41108.png|thumb|left|250px|Lancôme: communis tabula]]
'''Lancôme''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 121 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Lidericus et Carus|Liderici et Cari]] in regione [[Centrum et Vallis Ligeris|Centro et Valle Ligeris]].
{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Liderici et Cari]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lancôme|Lancôme}}

* {{INSEE commune|41108|de=Lancôme}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=18502 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150601180227/http://www.agglopolys.fr/commune/20/1002-commune.htm Pagina interretialis huic communi dicata]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Liderici et Cari]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Liderici et Cari]]</text>
      <sha1>9arz2pr9vyowzqwr2mgyys087hwx7jz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Esena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>239648</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993580</id>
      <parentid>3981507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T21:30:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4794" sha1="hncywte4cy1o0k7yllihldgzoaqx21f" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Esena'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Esenae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]]. Cum aliis parvis communibus se ad [[Esena (commune generale)|Esenam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')  commune generale coniunxit; sedes administrationis Esena urbs est. Ad Esenam et [[vicus]] [[Bensersiel]] (Theodisce ''Bensersiel''), qui ad [[Mare Germanicum]] situs est, atque [[villagium|villagia]] [[Backerei]] (Theodisce ''Backerei''), [[Bokum]] (Theodisce ''Bokum''), [[Campus Tunnae]]&lt;ref&gt;Nomen Theodiscum ''Tonnenkamp'' &quot;Latine Campus Tunnae&quot; reddi potest. &quot;Campus&quot; enim agrum seu campum significat, &quot;Tunna&quot; autem vas quoddam ad vinum, cervisiam aliave liquida continenda, quod Theodisce ''Tonne'' appellatur.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Tonnenkamp''), [[Grashusa Nordorfensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordorfensis&quot;&gt;Gentilicium &quot;Nordofensis-e&quot;, quod Theodiscum ''Nordorfer'' vertit. ad villagium Nordorfium (Theodisce ''Nordorf'') refertur.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Nordorfer Grashaus''), [[Hammerhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hammerhaus''), [[Hayungshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Hayungshaus''), [[Kleinarmenlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kleinarmenland''), [[Lehmkuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lehmkuhlen''), [[Nordorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Nordorf''), [[Oldendorfium (Esena)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Oldendorf''), [[Ölschlägerei]] (Theodisce ''Ölschlägerei''), [[Sterbur]] (Theodisce ''Sterbur''), [[Ülkerei]] (Theodisce ''Ülkerei'') atque [[Westbense]] (Theodisce ''Westbense'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Esens_Rathaus.jpg|thumb|left|Curia urbis Esenae.]]
Urbs Esena circa annum [[800]] condita esse videtur, ab anno [[1600]] pars ducatus [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis [[1744]] ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, tum ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Esena [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] tradita est, quod post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Ab anno [[1885]] Esena pars novi Circuli Widmundensis facta est, qui circulus autem ab anno [[1977]] usque ad [[1980]] dissolutus erat. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Tum multi perfugae e regionibus a [[Polonia]] et [[Russia]] occupatis hanc in regionem venerunt. Anno [[1972]] vicus Benser Siel consociatus est et Esena pars [[Esena (commune generale)|Esenae]] communis generalis facta est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Esens|Esenam}}
* [http://www.esens.de/ www.esens.de]
* [http://www.bensersiel.de/ Pagina de vico Bensersieli ad Esenam pertinente]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 8]]</text>
      <sha1>hncywte4cy1o0k7yllihldgzoaqx21f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Auriacum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>239885</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993679</id>
      <parentid>3992314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:54:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10627" sha1="6tcdesmy9hkknvn7ronbrj5yd5tp7ib" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in AUR.svg|thumb|Communia in Auriaco Circulo.]]
'''Circulus Auriacum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Aurich''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. Usque ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ex anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] urbs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Historia ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]], [[ager]] antiqui circuli Nordensis cum Auriaco consociatus est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'') (urbs et caput circuli, 40&amp;thinsp;637 incolae)
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (insula, 564)
* [[Cornu Curvatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'') (12&amp;thinsp;228)
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'') (4525)
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'') (8563)
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'') (6906)
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'') (insula, 1540)
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum toponymicum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [[https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'') (13&amp;thinsp;646)
* [[Norda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norden''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Eofrisicosaxonice]] ''Nörden'') (commune sui iuris et [[urbs]], 24&amp;thinsp;887)
* [[Norderneia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norderney''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Nördernee'') (insula et urbs, 5845)
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; (sedes administrationis: Ihlowerfehn) (12&amp;thinsp;139)
* [[Südbrookmerland]]{{dubsig}} (18&amp;thinsp;509)
* [[Wiesmoor]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum 12&amp;thinsp;887)

* [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmannia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brocmannia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1881/0666/image,info ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in Brocmannia, Haro Ayldysna, capitalis in Falerna, ac Folcmarus, capitaneus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brookmerland'')  commune generale (13&amp;thinsp;204)
** [[Astedele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Astedele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osteel/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''S''[igillum] ''Domini Siadonis in Astedele'' (Siegel des Herrn Syado in Osteel) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osteel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosteel'') (2201)
** [[Curia Sanctae Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marienhafe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3134/Marienhafe.pdf ''Marienhafe''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird Marienhafe erstmals am 16. Februar 1250 als „curia sancte Marie“, d.h. „Hof der heiligen Maria“ erwähnt. 1362 ist von „curia Virginis gloriose“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marienhafe'')  (oppidum et sedes administrationis, 2253)
** [[Leezdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') (1859)
** [[Rechtsupweg]]{{dubsig}}  (2060)
** [[Upgant-Schott]]{{dubsig}}  (3802)
** [[Wirdum]]{{dubsig}}  (1029)
* [[Haga (commune generale)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) commune generale (10&amp;thinsp;978)
** [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'') (2620)
** [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'' ) (oppidum et sedes administrationis, 6162)
** [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'') (993)
** [[Lutetsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lütetsburg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Lütsbörg'') (758)
** [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'') (445)
* Ager ad commune non pertinens:
** [[Memmert]] (insula, 5,17 km² non habitata)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Aurich|Circulum Auriacum}}
[http://www.landkreis-aurich Situs interretialis Auriaci proprius.]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}
{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Auriacum}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]
[[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]]</text>
      <sha1>6tcdesmy9hkknvn7ronbrj5yd5tp7ib</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brocmannia (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>245776</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993677</id>
      <parentid>3988380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:52:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993677</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2561" sha1="sgd1acc8roall4n4y2gbzl1oxwbjxai" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Rathaus_Marienhafe44.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis generalis Brocmanniae in communi [[Curia Sanctae Mariae]] sita.]]
'''Brocmannia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Brocmannia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/drwOstfrUrkunde1881/0666/image,info ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in Brocmannia, Haro Ayldysna, capitalis in Falerna, ac Folcmarus, capitaneus (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brookmerland'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. Ad Brocmanniam communia [[Curia Sanctae Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marienhafe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3134/Marienhafe.pdf ''Marienhafe''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird Marienhafe erstmals am 16. Februar 1250 als „curia sancte Marie“, d.h. „Hof der heiligen Maria“ erwähnt. 1362 ist von „curia Virginis gloriose“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marienhafe'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 2253), [[Leezdorfium]] (1859 incolae), [[Astedele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Astedele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osteel/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''S''[igillum] ''Domini Siadonis in Astedele'' (Siegel des Herrn Syado in Osteel) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osteel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosteel'') (2201), [[Rechtsupweg]] (2060), [[Upgant-Schott]] (3802) atque [[Wirdum]] (1029) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Brocmannia die [[1 Augusti]] [[1969]] e communibus parvis septem constitutum est. Anno [[1971]] et Wirdum commune accessit. Anno [[1972]] duo minora communia cum maioribus coniuncta sunt:
[[Tiucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Tjüche'') pars communis [[Curia Sanctae Mariae|Curiae Sanctae Mariae]] factum est et Siegelsum ad commune Upgang-Schott se adiunxit, ut nunc sex communia in Brocmannia essent.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Brookmerland|Brocmanniam}}
* [http://www.marienhafe.de/ www.marienhafe.de]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>sgd1acc8roall4n4y2gbzl1oxwbjxai</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leezdorfium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>245831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993678</id>
      <parentid>3987241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:53:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1972" sha1="rvuz9xbvg082jfpz2ou45u7zigvg0yi" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:LeezdorfMühleHof.jpg|thumb|left|Leezdorfium.]]
'''Leezdorfium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit.

== Historia ==
Leezdorfium anno [[1765]] in palude siccata conditum est et tum ad annum ad [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Leezdorfium [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] Leetzdorfium, adhuc pars pars communis [[Astedele|Astedelis]] fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Leezdorfium pars novi Circuli Nordensis factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Leezdorfium ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Leezdorfium circulo Nordensi dissoluto ad circulum Auriacum transiit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Leezdorf|Leezdorfium}}
* [http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/leezdorf.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Leezdorfio]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1765]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1869]]</text>
      <sha1>rvuz9xbvg082jfpz2ou45u7zigvg0yi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Astedele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>245949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993673</id>
      <parentid>3991657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Osteel]] ad [[Astedele]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3991657</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1405" sha1="lgzei4hbwrth7af7qdm7ldibbd5dvy0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Ost campen2.jpg|thumb|left|Osteel hiemalis]]
'''Osteel''' est commune [[Aurich (circulus)|circuli Aurich]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit.

== Historia ==
Osteel anno [[1164]] conditum esse dicitur. Primo pars Frisiae Orientalis Ducatus erat, deinde annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Osteel [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quae post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] [[Leezdorfium]], adhuc pars pars communis Osteel fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Osteel pars novi Circuli Nordensis factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Osteel ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Osteel circulo Nordensi dissoluto ad circulum Aurich transiit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170437/http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/osteel.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Osteel]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1164]]</text>
      <sha1>lgzei4hbwrth7af7qdm7ldibbd5dvy0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993675</id>
      <parentid>3993673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:49:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1780" sha1="crjqouo378dprffn1emutnibq8pilyu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Ost campen2.jpg|thumb|left|Astedele hiemale.]]
'''Astedele'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Astedele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osteel/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''S''[igillum] ''Domini Siadonis in Astedele'' (Siegel des Herrn Syado in Osteel) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osteel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosteel'') est commune [[Circulus Auriacum|circuli Auriaci]] in [[Frisia orientalis|Frisia Orientali]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm. Cum aliis parvis communibus ad [[Brocmannia (commune generale)|Brocmanniam]] commune generale se coniunxit.

== Historia ==
Astedele anno [[1164]] conditum esse dicitur. Primo pars Frisiae Orientalis Ducatus erat, deinde annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] ad [[Borussia]]m, tum ab anno 1806 regio ad [[Nederlandia]]m et annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Astedele [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod post annum [[1866]] iterum pars Borussiae fuit. Anno [[1869]] [[Leezdorfium]], adhuc pars communis Astedelis fuit, commune sui iuris factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Astedele pars novi Circuli Nordensis factum est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno [[1969]] Astedele ad commune generale Brocmanniam accessit, ut administratio melior fieret. Anno [[1977]] Astedele circulo Nordensi dissoluto ad circulum Auriacum transiit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Osteel|Astedele}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170437/http://www.marienhafe.de/rathaus/die-samtgemeinde-brookmerland/osteel.html Pagina interretialis communis generalis Brocmanniae de Astedeli]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1164]]</text>
      <sha1>crjqouo378dprffn1emutnibq8pilyu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Livry-sur-Seine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>247148</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993556</id>
      <parentid>3463461</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:17:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1078" sha1="l67okggmqh3f4i1z3xys4l1pbm7wwud" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Livry_s_seine.JPG|thumb|250 px|Livry-sur-Seine: despectus in medium vicum]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 77255.png|250 px|left|thumb|Livry-sur-Seine: communis tabula]]

'''Livry-sur-Seine''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'925 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sequana et Matrona|Sequanae et Matronae]] in regione [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insula Franciae]].

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae|Indicem communium praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Livry-sur-Seine|Livry-sur-Seine}}

* {{INSEE commune|77255|de=Livry-sur-Seine}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=19740 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [http://www.livry-sur-seine.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sequanae et Matronae]]</text>
      <sha1>l67okggmqh3f4i1z3xys4l1pbm7wwud</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Northorna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>254891</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993614</id>
      <parentid>3993168</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T04:57:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7293" sha1="ifnlw4ascsrsmgpsb5f2ezwd9nqn058" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Nordhorn_Ev.ref.Kirche_Am_Markt.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Luderi.]]
[[Fasciculus:Ehemaliges Rathaus Nordhorn3.JPG|thumb|left|Curia vetus urbis Northornae.]]
'''Northorna'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'') est urbs [[Germania|Germanicus]] in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e sita atque [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Ad urbem et vici [[Bymalta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''decimam totius ville Bymalte'' (...) ''Adolfus de Brantelghete'' (...) '' de Hersebrůca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bimolten'') (251 incolae), [[Bookholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-holz'' seu ''-holt'' seu ''-hout'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, quamquam [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''] solum dicit &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;, situs interretialis [https://www.etymonline.com/word/hilt ''Etymonline''] &quot;Old English ''holt'' &quot;woods, forest, grove, thicket,&quot; common in place names, from Proto-Germanic *''hultam-'' (source also of Old Frisian, Old Norse, Middle Dutch ''holt'', Dutch ''hout'', German ''Holz'' &quot;a wood, wood as timber&quot;)&quot; aseverat. Ergo, quia suffixa ''-holt'' et ''-hout'' variationes suffixi ''-holz'' sunt, omnia haec suffixa etiam verti Latine suffixo &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bookholt'') (685), [[Brantelghete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Brandlecht'') (921), [[Hersebruca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Hestrup'') (295), [[Hesepa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hesepe'') (281), [[Hohenkorba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Hohenkörben'') (107), [[Klausheida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Klausheide'') (1.469) atque [[Northorna (caput urbis)|Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Nordhorn'') (49.394) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Circa annum [[800]] Ludgerus episcopus primam ecclesiam urbis aedificavit, anno [[900]] Northorna primo in actis descripta est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nordhorn.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=58 Historia oppidi in pagina officiali Northornae]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1160]] Northorna ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit et usque ad annum [[1753]] mansit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes Northornae cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] Northorna ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo, Northornae pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat. Anno [[1945]] [[Regnum Unitum|Britannici]] magistratus, qui hanc partem Germaniae occupaverunt, caput circuli Northornae transtulerunt, quod in media parte regionis situm est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] vici supra dicti ad Northornam adiuncti sunt. Ab anno [[2011]] Thomas Berling ([[SPD]]) magister civium electus est.

==Religio==
22,5% Northornensium [[Catholicismus|catholici]] sunt, 19,4% [[Ecclesiae Reformatae|reformati]], 13,8% [[Lutheranismus|lutherani]], 1,7% antiqui-reformati. Aliis Northornensibus religio non est.

== Cives clari ==
*Bernhard Rawe (*1864, † 1950), possessor societatis textilis, cives honoratus civitatis Northornae.
* Bernhard Brink (*1952), cantor.
* [[Maria-Ludovica Dött]] (*1953), rerum politicarum perita factionis [[CDU]].
* Albert Stegemann (*1976), agricola et politicus fractionis [[CDU]].

== [[Coniunctio communium|Communia coniuncta]] ==
{| 
|[[Fasciculus:Flag of Netherlands.svg|20px|Nederlandia]]||[[Covordia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Batavice]] ''Coevorden''), ex anno [[1963]]
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Francia]]|| [[Monasterium Villare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francice]] ''Montivilliers''), ex anno [[1963]]
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg |20px| Germania]]|| [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huldreich 1705&quot;&gt;Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach''), ex anno [[1989]]
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Flag of Poland.svg|20px|Polonia]]|| [[Mariaeburgum (Polonia)|Mariaeburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; ([[Polonice]] ''Malbork''), ex anno [[1995]]
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italia]]|| [[Reate]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]], ''[[De re rustica (Varro)|Rust.]]'' 3.1.6; [[Livius]] 25.7; [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinius]], ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Nat.]]'' 3.109.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Italice]] ''Rieti''), ex anno [[2010]]
|}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Nordhorn|Northornam}}
* [http://www.nordhorn.de/ Oppidi Northornae situs interretialis] {{Ling|Theodisce}}
* [http://www.vvv-nordhorn.de/ Rei periegeticae situs interretialis] {{Ling|Theodisce}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 8]]</text>
      <sha1>ifnlw4ascsrsmgpsb5f2ezwd9nqn058</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lattara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>255155</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993543</id>
      <parentid>3756442</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T16:31:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5463" sha1="1jink7kf686rtwdi5g0gc7axpjwsyj3" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}{{charta locatrix
|Franciae meridio-occidentalis physicalis
|label=Lattara
|lat_deg =43 |lat_min =34
|lon_deg =3  | lon_min =54
|position=left
|background = 
|mark = Brown pog.svg
|width=200
|float=right
|caption= Situs in Francia
}}
'''Lattara'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide e.g. {{qc|id=Barruol (1988)}}&lt;/ref&gt; fuit [[portus]] et [[oppidum]] antiquum muris cinctum, anno circiter [[525 a.C.n.]] constructum, cuius ruinae anno [[1963]] sub [[ager|agris]] communis [[Latae|Latarum]] praefecturae hodiernae [[Arauris (praefectura Franciae)|Arauris]] in [[Francia]] meridiana repertae sunt.
[[Fasciculus:Lattara-Porte du Port-20140524.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Ruinae portae portuensis.]]

Vestigia et semina fructuum ibi e tempore antiquissimo reperta sunt specierum ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'' multa, ''[[Ficus carica]]'', ''[[Prunus spinosa]]'', ''[[Rubus fruticosus]]'' atque post [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculum V a.C.n.]] ''[[Olea europaea]]'' pauciora; a saeculo V exeunte labrum ad racemos premendos e lapide factum; a saeculo V medio vas seminum uvarum plura milia continens.

Amphorae [[Etrusci|Etruscae]] eo importatae sunt ab oppido condito usque in annum fere 475 a.C.n., [[Caere]]ti ut videtur factae; a saeculo V medio fragmenta amphorarum Massaliotarum, sed pauciorum, reperta sunt. Quae amphorae resina aut pice [[Pinus|pinea]] indutae vinum continuisse constat e reliquiis acidorum {{creanda|en|Tartaric acid|acidum tartaricum|tartarici}}, {{creanda|en|Succinic acid|acidum succinicum|succinici}}, [[acidum malicum|malici]], [[acidum citricum|citrici]]. Amphorae duae composita chemica servant e speciebus ''[[Rosmarinus officinalis]]'' et ''[[Thymus vulgaris]]'' derivata.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
[[Fasciculus:CeramiquesLattara.jpg|thumb|Vasa Gallica Lattarae reperta]]
[[Fasciculus:SteleLattara.jpg|thumb|Monumentum funebre Gallo-Romanum]]
[[Fasciculus:AmphoresDeLattara.jpg|thumb|Amphorae Lattarae inventae]]
[[Fasciculus:ChevalTenillesLattara.jpg|thumb|Equus conchis delineatus]]
* &quot;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dledus-geo Ledus]&quot; in {{Smith-geo}}
* ''Port Ariane, construction deltaïque et utilisation d’une zone humide lors des six derniers millénaires'' (''Lattara'', vol. 20). Latis: Association pour la recherche archéologique en Languedoc oriental, 2007
* J. Arnal, R. Majurel, H. Prades, ''Le port de Lattara (Lattes, Hérault)''. Bordighera: Institut International d'Études Ligures, 1974
* {{ec|id=Barruol (1988)|c=Guy Barruol, &quot;[http://www.syslat.on-rev.com/ArcheOnLine/PUB1/PUB000095.pdf Le toponyme Latara/Lattara]&quot; in ''Lattara'' vol. 1 (1988)}}
* Ramon Buxó i Capdevila, &quot;Semences et fruits. Recherches sur les données carpologiques dans les niveaux antiques de Lattes : les procédures expérimentées sur la fouille&quot; in ''Lattara'' vol. 2 (Latis: Association pour la recherche archéologique en Languedoc oriental, 1989) pp. 73-82
* Ramon Buxó i Capdevila, &quot;Cueillette et agriculture à Lattes : les ressources végétales d'après les semences et les fruits, in M. Py, ed., ''Recherches sur l'économie vivrière des Lattarenses: Lattara'' vol. 5 (Latis: Association pour la recherche archéologique en Languedoc oriental, 1992) pp. 45-90
* Ramon Buxó i Capdevila, &quot;Evidence for vines and ancient cultivation froin an urban area, Lattes (Hérault), Southern France&quot; in ''Antiquity'' no. 70 (1996) pp. 393-407
* Ramon Buxó i Capdevila, L. Chabal, J.-C. Roux, &quot;Toiture et restes carbonisés d'une maison incendiée dans l'habitat de Lattes au IVe s. av. n. è.&quot; in M. Py, ed., ''Urbanisme et architecture dans la ville antique de Lattes: Lattara'' vol. 9 (Latis: Association pour la recherche archéologique en Languedoc oriental, 1996) pp. 373-398
* D. Garcia, L. Vallet, edd., ''L’espace portuaire de Lattes antique'' (''Lattara'', vol. 15). Latis: Association pour le Développement de l’Archéologie en Languedoc-Roussillon, 2002
* T. Janin, M. Py, edd., ''Lattara (Lattes, Hérault): nouveaux acquis, nouvelles questions sur une ville portuaire protohistorique et romaine'' (''Gallia'', 2008)
* Patrick E. McGovern, Benjamin P. Luley, Nuria Rovira, Armen Mirzoian, Michael P. Callahan, Karen E. Smith, Gretchen R. Hall, Theodore Davidson, Joshua M. Henkin, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212506/http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10147.full Beginning of viniculture in France]&quot; in ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' vol. 110 (2013) pp. 10147–10152
* Michel Py, ''Les Gaulois du Midi, de la fin de l’Âge du Bronze à la conquête romaine''. Lutetiae: Hachette, 1993
* Michel Py, Ramon Buxó i Capdevila, &quot;[http://www.persee.fr/doc/galia_0016-4119_2001_num_58_1_3172 La viticulture en Gaule à l'Âge du Fer]&quot; in ''Gallia'' vol. 58 (2001) pp. 29-43
* Nuria Rovira, Natalia Alonso, &quot;La production de vin à Lattara. Ce qu'en disent les pépins&quot; in ''Dossiers d'archéologie'' no. 362 (2014) pp. 72-77

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Site archéologique de Lattara|Lattaram}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{Coord|43|34|05|N|3|54|12|E|display=title}}
* ''[http://syslat.on-rev.com/ Lattara.net: base de données archéologiques]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160220033403/http://museearcheo.montpellier3m.fr/ Situs Musei Lattarae]

[[Categoria:Archaeologia vini]]
[[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Portus maris Mediterranei]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Galliae Romanae]]</text>
      <sha1>1jink7kf686rtwdi5g0gc7axpjwsyj3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oen (Saxonia Inferior)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>255196</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993615</id>
      <parentid>3993467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T05:46:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3008" sha1="h47m4jl2fcru875nbvnzll2pgz5tnqy" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Juni_2010_003.jpg|thumb|left|Commune Oen anno 2010.]]
'''Oen'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;/&gt; seu '''On'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;/&gt; seu '''Ton'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;/&gt; seu '''One'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''de dotali manso ecclesie Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de curia Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de domo Bernhardi Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) um 1150 ''in Toń'' (Urb. Werden I S. 234 Z. 19) 1188-1331 (A. 1331) ''in parrochia On'' (Philippi/Bannier, Güterverzeichnis S. 420) 1213 ''in parochia On'' (Niesert, Urkundensammlung IV Nr. 48 S. 188) 1263 ''de domo Herewici de One'' (WUB III Nr. 706 S. 366) 1282-1306 (A. Mitte 16. Jh.) ''curtem dictam Runhoff in parochia On'' (...) ''in parrochia On'' (...) ''domum des Doven in parochia Oen'' (...) ''curtem dictam Ruvenhoff, Cortehus in parochia On'' (...) ''in parochia Oen'' (Bruns, LB Steinfurt Nr. K53 S. 58) 1367 ''in parrochia, in qua et legione dictis Oen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ohne'') est commune in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm atque pars [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Oen est praeterea pars communis generalis [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]].

== Historia ==
Oen commune nomine On anno [[1213]] primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165349/http://schuettorf.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=55 www.schuettorf.de de historia communis Oenis]&lt;/ref&gt;. Regio usque ad annum [[1753]] ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes eam cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] regio ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo, pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat et ad quem Oen ad hunc diem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] Oen cum aliis communibus se ad commune generale [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]] coniunxit. Magister civium Charlotte Ruschulte est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Ohne|Oenem}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165349/http://schuettorf.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=55 www.schuettorf.de - Pagina communis generalis]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>h47m4jl2fcru875nbvnzll2pgz5tnqy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panines</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>256560</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993618</id>
      <parentid>3980000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T07:29:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9412" sha1="pcz10907itlatny9pwdiyum9cb4dqtg" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
{{L1}}
[[Fasciculus:Birch bark MS from Kashmir of the Rupavatra Wellcome L0032691.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Manuscriptum]] artis grammaticae postpaniniae ex [[Casmiria]] repertum (saec. XVII).]]
'''Panines'''&lt;ref&gt;Christian Lassen, ''Institutiones linguae Pracriticae'' (König, 1837), p. 5, 156.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[lingua Sanscrita|Sanscritice]] ''Pāṇini'', scriptura [[Devanagari]] पाणिनि) fuit [[grammaticus]] qui saeculo aut quinto aut quarto a.C.n. floruisse censetur.
[[linguistica|Glottologis]] recentibus innotuit opere ''[[Aṣṭādhyāyī]]'' ('octo capitula') inscripto, quo regulas linguae Sanscritae formulis brevissimis plene et compacte explicuit.

De vita Paninis fere nihil cognovimus: ipse enim de se nihil aperte scripsit. Natum esse satis constat in [[oppidum|oppido]] [[Śalātura]] prope [[Peucelaitis|Peucelaitidem]] provinciae [[Gandarica]]e [[imperium Achaemenidarum|imperii Achaemenidarum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Renou}} p. 483.&lt;/ref&gt; Quod oppidum primus verbis pellucidis indicavit peregrinus [[Sinae (gens)|Sinensis]] [[religio Buddhistica|Buddhista]] [[Xuanzang]]. Is anno [[630]] per hanc [[regio]]nem iter faciens oppidum ''Solodulo'' (Śalātura) visitavit &quot;quo loco Panines vir eruditus natus est, artis grammaticae compositor&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[Xuanzang]], ''De peregrinatione'' [https://archive.org/stream/siyukibuddhistre01hsuoft#page/114/mode/2up versionis Anglicae p. 114].&lt;/ref&gt; Quam rem, etiamsi post multa saecula asseveratam, confirmant cognomen Sanscritum ''Śalāturīya'' ('qui Śalāturae natus est'), interdum Panini illi ab aliis datum, verbumque exemplare ''Śalāturīya'' ab ipso inter formulas operis sui comprehensum.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Bohtlingk}} [https://archive.org/stream/pninisachtbc02paniuoft#page/n11/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. viii-xi]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Cardona}} p. 268.&lt;/ref&gt;

A plurimis, qui de Panine compendiose scribunt, [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.|saeculo IV a.C.n.]] [[floruit|floruisse]] dicitur,&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan&quot;&gt;&quot;a native of the extreme north-west of India, who probably flourished about 300 B.C.&quot;: &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208004723/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_298.gif Sanskrit Literature]&quot; in ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'' vol. 2 (1909), p. 263.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The date of Pāṇini is most commonly fixed in the fourth century B.C.: T. Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'' *Londinii: Faber, 1955) p. 48&lt;/ref&gt; a curiosioribus vel quinto,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The date ... is usually assumed to be about 350 B.C., but . . . it is perhaps safer to say that he lived after, and perhaps soon after, 500 B.C.&quot;: A. A. MacDonell, ''India's Past: A Survey of Her Literatures, Religions, Languages and Antiquities'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1927) pp. 136-137 {{Google Books|ff0BJXzeADcC|Paginae selectae}}&lt;/ref&gt; nonnullis haesitantibus,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Generally, I have decided, without absolute certainty, on the 4th or 5th centuries B.C.&quot;: {{qc|id=Renou}} p. 483&lt;/ref&gt; sed iam antiquius a perpaucis.&lt;ref&gt;Paul Thieme, recensio operis ''The Sanskrit Language'' T. Burrow in ''Language'' vol. 31 (1955) pp. 428-448 ad p. 429 [http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy2.londonlibrary.co.uk/stable/410810 JSTOR]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eruditi enim de aevo Pāṇini iam saeculo XIX disputabant atque etiam hodie sine ulla certitudine disputant.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Liebich (1891)}} pp. 1-8&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Cardona}} pp. 260-278.&lt;/ref&gt; E rebus variis indicia extrahunt. &quot;Realia&quot; interdum, scilicet quotidiana sibi coaeva, inter verba exemplaria Paninis enumerantur: ''Parśu'' &quot;Persae&quot; a saeculo VI a.C.n. exeunte in regione Gandarica noti; ''iavānī'' &quot;varietas hordei&quot;, ''Iavanānī'' &quot;Graecae&quot;, nomine Persico appellatae et a saeculo fere V in imperio Persarum notae; ''kumāraśramaṇā'' &quot;[[samanaeus|samanaea]] virgo&quot; fortasse Buddhistica religione (saeculo VI exeunte incepta) sed fortasse alia haerens.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Cardona}} pp. 261-262.&lt;/ref&gt; Pāṇini grammatico [[Kātyāyana]] praecedit qui grammatico [[Patañjali]] praecedit: hic anno circiter [[150 a.C.n.]] floruisse censetur; Kātyāyana inde anno [[250 a.C.n.]] neque multo tardius, Pāṇini anno [[350 a.C.n.]] neque multo tardius floruisse potest.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Cardona}} pp. 262-268.&lt;/ref&gt;

Panines formula ad 3959 regularum redacta innotuit. Quae ars Paninia ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' [[morphologia (linguistica)|morphologiam]], [[syntaxis|syntaxin]], [[semantica]]m linguae Sanscritae explicat. De primo textu agitur partis grammaticae [[Vedanga]]e, [[disciplina academica|disciplinarum academicarum]] [[religio Vedica historica|religionis Vedicae historicae]]. ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' est una ex primis libris artis grammaticae Sanscritae notis, quamquam Panines priorum textuum qui sunt ''Unadisutra'', ''Dhatupatha'', ''Ganapatha'' mentionem facit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones operis
* {{ec|id=Bohtlingk|c=Otto Böhtlingk, ed., ''Pânini's acht Bücher grammatischer Regeln''. 2 voll. Bonnae, 1839-1840 {{Ling|Sanscritice|Theodisce}} [https://archive.org/details/pninisachtbc01paniuoft Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/pninisachtbc02paniuoft vol. 2 apud archive.org]}}
* [[Chandra Vasu]], ed. et interpr., ''Pāṇini: Ashtādhyāyī''. [[Benares]], 1896-1897 {{Ling|Sanscritice|Anglice}} [http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/chandravasu/book4.pdf lib. 4] [https://archive.org/details/ashtadhyayitrans06paniuoft lib. 6–8].

; Eruditio
* [[Leonardus Bloomfield|Leonard Bloomfield]], recensio operis ''Konkordanz Pānini-Candra'' Brunonis Liebich in ''Language'' vol. 5 (1929) pp. 267-276.[http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy2.londonlibrary.co.uk/stable/409597 JSTOR]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{ec|id=Cardona|c=George Cardona, ''Pāṇini: A Survey of Research''. Hagae: Mouton, 1976 {{Google Books|adWXhQ-yHQUC|Paginae selectae impressionis posterioris}}}}
* George Cardona, ''Recent research in Pāṇinian Studies''. Dellii: Motilal Banarsidass, 1999. ISBN 81-208-1637-4.
* {{ec|id=Liebich (1891)|c=Bruno Liebich, ''Panini: ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indischen Literatur''. Lipsiae: Haessel, 1891 [http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2006/pres2006-1268.pdf Textus]}}
* {{ec|id=Renou|c=Louis Renou, &quot;Pāṇini&quot; in Thomas Albert Sebeok et al., ed., ''Current Trends in Linguistics'' vol. 5 (Hagae: Mouton, 1969) pp. 481-498, praecipue p. 483 {{Google Books|JqYMTdBws40C|Paginae selectae}}}}
* {{ec|id=Staal|c=[[Frits Staal|Staal, Frits]]. [[1965]]. Euclid and Pāṇini. ''Philosophy East and West'' 15:99-116. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1397332 JSTOR.]}}
* Staal, Frits. [[1988]]. ''Universals: studies in Indian logic and linguistics.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
* Thieme, Paul. [[1935]]. ''Pāṇini and the Veda: Studies in the Early History of Linguistic Science in India''. Allahabad: Globe Press.

; De singulis rebus linguisticis
* {{cite journal|last1=Carter|first1=George F.|last2=Jairazbhoy|first2=R. A.|last3=Mundkur|first3=Balaji|title=On Mundkur on Diffusion|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_1979-06_20_2/page/425|journal=Current Anthropology|date=June 1979|volume=20|issue=2|pages=425|doi=10.1086/202297}}.
* {{cite journal|last1=Kadvany|first1=John|title=Positional Value and Linguistic Recursion|journal=Journal of Indian Philosophy|date=8 February 2008|volume=35|issue=5-6|pages=487–520|doi=10.1007/s10781-007-9025-5}}.
* Ingerman, Peter Zilahy. [[1967]]. Pāṇini-Backus Form. ''Communications of the ACM'' 10(3):137. [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=363165 Textus.] doi:10.1145/363162.363165.
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Prince|first1=Alan|authorlink1=Alan Prince|last2=Smolensky|first2=Paul|authorlink2=Paul Smolensky|title=Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JGBrYc-eJpMC|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-0-470-75939-4}}.
* Rao, T. R. N. [[1998]]. [http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_rao-t_syntax.htm ''Pāṇini-backus form of languages''.]

; Aliae encyclopaediae
* {{cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441324/Panini|title= Panini (Indian Grammarian)|year= 2013 |website= www.britannica.com|publisher= Encyclopedia Britannica}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Franciscus Bopp]]
* [[Grammatici Sanscritici]]
* [[Bhaṭṭikāvya]]
* [[Pingala]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://sanskrit.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/ &quot;PaSSim: Paninian Sanskrit Simulator.&quot;]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210211200610/http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2004/panini.html Ratio Paninia.]
* [http://www.taralabalu.org/panini/ ''Ganakastadhyayi].'']
* Forizs, L. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081120003537/http://forizslaszlo.com/filozofia/relevance_of_whitehead/forizs_relevance_of_whitehead.pdf ''Panini, Nagarjuna and Whitehead – The Relevance of Whitehead for Contemporary Buddhist Philosophy.'']
* [http://www.wilbourhall.org/index.html#panini ''Astadhyayi''], cum ''Mahabhashya'' et ''Kashika'' commentariis, cum ''Nyasa'' et ''Padamanjara'' commentariis de ''Kashika.''

{{Myrias|Homines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panines}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 6 aut 5 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 5 aut 4 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Sanscritici]]
[[Categoria:Grammatici]]
[[Categoria:Mathematici]]
[[Categoria:Philologi Pakistaniae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Pakistaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>pcz10907itlatny9pwdiyum9cb4dqtg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Archidioecesis Remensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>260067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993509</id>
      <parentid>3924142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:27:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1795" sha1="fsq7pxkh9mmal2qew0h0hq2n7w9w6hs" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
'''Archidioecesis Remensis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Archidiocèse de Reims'') est [[archidioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Ecclesiae Latinae]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] in [[Francia]]. Ut [[dioecesis (episcopatus)|dioecesis]] a sancto [[Sixtus Remensis|Sixto Remensi]] circa annum [[250]] condita est, et serius circa annum [[750]] ad archidioecesem divulgata. [[Archiepiscopus]] titulum &quot;princeps [[Gallia Belgica|Galliae Belgicae]]&quot; anno [[1089]] accipiebat.

== Provincia ecclesiastica ==
[[Fasciculus:Province ecclésiastique de Reims.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Provincia ecclesiastica Remensis]]
Ut archidioecesis metropolitana, sex dioeceses suffraganeas habet :
* [[Dioecesis Ambianensis|Ambianensis]]
* [[Dioecesis Bellovacensis, Noviomensis et Silvanectensis|Bellovacensis, Noviomensis et Silvanectensis]]
* [[Dioecesis Catalaunensis|Catalaunensis]]
* [[Dioecesis Lingonensis|Lingonensis]]
* [[Dioecesis Suessionensis, Laudunensis et Sanquintinensis|Suessionensis, Laudunensis et Sanquintinensis]]
* [[Dioecesis Trecensis|Trecensis]]

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:00 10002 Kathedrale von Reims, Frankreich.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Nostrae Dominae dicata [[Durocortorum|Durocortori]] sita est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archidioecesem Remensem}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306221758/http://catholique-reims.cef.fr/diocese.htm Situs officialis] {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{reli-stipula}}
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
{{coord|49|15|13|N|4|02|03|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}
[[Categoria:Archidioecesis Remensis]]</text>
      <sha1>fsq7pxkh9mmal2qew0h0hq2n7w9w6hs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Stadae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>267412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993577</id>
      <parentid>3993413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:49:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17697" sha1="qaqojhd40oaad91pkmlvbl22v6yf4uw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'') (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nottensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nottensdörp'') (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'') (490)
** [[Oderquatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oderquatum&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-at'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-atum-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-at''' : -''atum'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formae antiquae huius toponymi &quot;Oderquat&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1889hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cadenberghe, Oppele, Oderquat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oederquart'') (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lu (commune generale)|Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lühe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüh'') commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Media Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Media Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/mittelnkirchen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi &quot;(...) Mittelnkirchen ist nach 1305 und 1322 als ''medie Lu'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelnkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelskark'') (1076)
** [[Nova Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-altes-land/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Papst Innozenz III. (amt. 1198–1216) bestätigte dem Kloster Harsefeld u. a. den Besitz des Zehnten in ''Lu'' (...) urkundlich erstmals 1274 als ''Nova Lu'' belegt (...) Landesgemeinde Altes Land (1361 eigenes Siegel, Umschrift: ''Sigillum communitates veteris terrae'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neekark'') (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorpe-Coeli Porta (commune generale)|Oldendorpe-Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf-Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp-Himmelpoorten'') commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp'') (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>qaqojhd40oaad91pkmlvbl22v6yf4uw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993578</id>
      <parentid>3993577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993578</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17606" sha1="swpfdbdfihqzejbifh06w2zkfu8zbdt" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Stadae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Stade''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Stood''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli aucti sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu''), urbs Hanseatica et commune sui iuris (40.173 incolae)
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'') (12.050)
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'') (11.292)
* [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378)

* [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  commune generale (8958)
** [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens''), sedes administrationis (3945)
** [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'') (2660)
** [[Sauensiek]] (2353)

* [[Fredenbiki (commune generale)|Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'') commune generale (12.704)
** [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst)'') (1999)
** [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek''), sedes administrationis (6072)
** [[Kutenholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'') (4633)

* [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'') commune generale (20.929)
** [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'') (5273)
** [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'') (1987)
** [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'') (795)
** [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.874)

* [[Horneburgum (commune generale)|Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'') commune generale (12.388)
** [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'') (1180)
** [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'') (1717)
** [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'') (2034)
** [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (6026)
** [[Nottensdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nottensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nottensdörp'') (1431)

* [[Kadingia Septentrionalis (commune generale)|Kadingia Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadingia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1868hist%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad eundem Gerlagum pertinentium, seu ultra Albiam seu in Kadingia sitorum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Septentrionalis&quot;&gt;Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum aut vocabulum  ''Nord(-)'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordkehdingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Noordkeden'') commune generale (7375)
** [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017)
** [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'') oppidum (1872)
** [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'') (490)
** [[Oderquatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oderquatum&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-at'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-atum-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-at''' : -''atum'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formae antiquae huius toponymi &quot;Oderquat&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1889hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cadenberghe, Oppele, Oderquat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oederquart'') (1040)
** [[Wischhafen]] (2956)

* [[Lu (commune generale)|Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lühe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüh'') commune generale (9844)
** [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'') (3360)
** [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'') (1871)
** [[Guderhandviertel]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'') (1111)
** [[Media Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Media Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/mittelnkirchen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi &quot;(...) Mittelnkirchen ist nach 1305 und 1322 als ''medie Lu'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelnkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelskark'') (1076)
** [[Nova Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-altes-land/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Papst Innozenz III. (amt. 1198–1216) bestätigte dem Kloster Harsefeld u. a. den Besitz des Zehnten in ''Lu'' (...) urkundlich erstmals 1274 als ''Nova Lu'' belegt (...) Landesgemeinde Altes Land (1361 eigenes Siegel, Umschrift: ''Sigillum communitates veteris terrae'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neekark'') (838)
** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588)

* [[Oldendorpe-Coeli Porta (commune generale)|Oldendorpe-Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf-Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp-Himmelpoorten'') commune generale (17.963)
** [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'') (1007)
** [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten''), sedes administrationis (5127)
** [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt; (726)
** [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'') (990)
** [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'') (763)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'') (1428)
** [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'') (3066)
** [[Heinbockel]] ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'') (1420)
** [[Oldendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp'') (2982)
** [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'') (454)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}}
* [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
      <sha1>swpfdbdfihqzejbifh06w2zkfu8zbdt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paula Mae Weekes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>272396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993620</id>
      <parentid>3724141</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T08:08:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2598" sha1="503n4jbxzbqxn0z5iqczqj4pfszxhwe" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Paula Mae Weekes''' (nata in [[insula Trinitatis]] die [[23 Decembris]] [[1958]]) est iudex et praeses [[Trinitas et Tabacum|Trinitatis et Tabaci]].

Ad [[portus Hispaniae|Portum Hispaniae]] educata Paula Mae Weekes alumna est [[Universitas Indiarum Occidentalium|universitatis Indiarum Occidentalium]] et [[Schola Iuris Hugonis Wooding|Scholae Iuris Hugonis Wooding]], ubi recentius docebat. Fuit ab anno [[1996]] iudex curiae criminalis Trinitatis et Tabaci, ab anno [[2005]] usque in [[2016]] iudex provocationum ibidem, deinde anno [[2017]] iudex curiae provocationum [[Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses|insularum Turcenses et Caicenses]], sed, praeses patriae mox promotus, mense Ianuario [[2018]] hoc officium renuntiavit. Praeses die [[19 Martii]] huius anni rite inducta est.

== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201204023424/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/trinidad-to-elect-first-ever-woman-head-of-state_121748?profile=1373 Trinidad to elect first ever woman head of state]&quot; in ''Jamaica Observer'' (6 Ianuarii 2018)
* Sean Douglas, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071713/http://newsday.co.tt/2018/01/06/paula-mae-weekes-in-a-nutshell/ Paula Mae Weekes in a nutshell]&quot; in ''Trinidad and Tobago Newsday'' (6 Ianuarii 2018)
* Deandrea Hamilton, &quot;[http://suntci.com/mspaulamae-weekes-appointed-court-of-appeal-judge-in-turks-and-caicos-isl-p2615-106.htm Ms.Paula-Mae Weekes appointed Court of Appeal judge in Turks and Caicos Islands]&quot; in ''Turks &amp; Caicos Sun'' (27 Februarii 2017)
* Rosemarie Sant, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153625/http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2018-01-22/cj-turks-and-caicos-hurt-over-losing-weekes CJ of Turks and Caicos hurt over losing Weekes]&quot; in ''Trinidad and Tobago Guardian'' (22 Ianuarii 2018)

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
* &quot;[http://www.cnc3.co.tt/press-release/what-do-we-know-about-paula-mae-weekes What do we know about Paula-Mae Weekes?]&quot; (5 Ianuarii 2018)
* &quot;[https://trini-talks.com/paula-for-president-who-is-she/ Paula for President -- who is she?]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot; (2 Febriarii 2018) apud ''Trini Talks''

{{Praesides Trinitatis et Tabaci}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weekes, Paula Mae}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1958]]
[[Categoria:Politici Trinitatis et Tabaci]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Indiarum Occidentalium]]
[[Categoria:Incolae insulae Trinitatis]]
[[Categoria:Incolae insularum Turcensium et Caicensium]]
[[Categoria:Iudices]]
[[Categoria:Professores Scholae Iuris Hugonis Wooding]]</text>
      <sha1>503n4jbxzbqxn0z5iqczqj4pfszxhwe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>274871</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993612</id>
      <parentid>3499209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T04:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2343" sha1="1ye1xq2sr10bmj2qmz2ilbn5b450gbv" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina non annexa}}{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Russian Rock Band Nol Aka Zero 1991.jpg|thumb|''Nol'' Petropoli anno 1991: Alexius Nicolaev, Theodorus Čistiacov, Demetrius Gusacov, Georgius Staricov]]
'''''Nol''''' ([[Lingua Russica|Russice]] ''Ноль'', scilicet Latine ''[[0|Zerus]]'') grex est Russicus [[musica rock|musicae rockianae]], [[Petropolis|Petropoli]] anno 1985 conditus. Ab aliis gregibus musicae Petropolitanae huius temporis [[Harmonium|harmonio clavili]], quod Theodorus Čistiacov gregis conditor artificiose uteretur, distinguebatur. Discus notissimus anno 1991 editus fuit ''Песни о безответной любви к Родине'' (''Cantica de amore patriae sine responso'') cum compositionibus ''Этот русский рок-н-ролл'' (''Hic rock'n'roll Russicus''), ''Улица Ленина'' (''Via [[Lenin]]is''), ''Ехали по улице трамаваи'' (''[[Currus electricus|Tramviarii]] per viam vehebantur''), ''Песня о настоящем индейце'' (''De [[Indi Americani|Indo]] sincero carmen'') etc. 

Grege dissoluta Theodorus Čistiacov cum multis aliis musicis laborabat.

== Socii gregis ==
[[Fasciculus:Fedor Chistyakov Band (Nol plus 30) 07.jpg|thumb|Theodorus Čistiacov anno 2016]]
* Theodorus Čistiacov (Фёдор Чистяков) — vox, [[harmonium]] Russicum (quod ''baian'' dicitur)
* Alexius 'Nicols' Nicolaev (Алексей 'Николс' Николаев) — [[Apparatus tympanorum|tympana]]
* Demetrius Gusacov (Дмитрий Гусаков) — [[cithara gravis]]
* Georgius Staricov (Георгий Стариков) — cithara, trichordum&lt;ref&gt;{{Scatebranus|611}}&lt;/ref&gt; Russicum (quod ''balalaica'' dicitur)

== Discographia selecta ==
* ''Сказки'' (''[[Fabella puerilis|Fabellae]]'') anno 1989
* ''Северное буги'' (''Boogie septentrionale'') anno 1990
* ''Песни о безответной любви к Родине'' (''Cantica de amore patriae sine responso'') anno 1991

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://nolhistory.ru/ Historia gregis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180610150705/https://fedorchistyakov.com/ Theodori Čistiacov situs officialis]

[[Categoria:Greges musici Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Greges musicae rock]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1985]]
[[Categoria:Compositio musica]]</text>
      <sha1>1ye1xq2sr10bmj2qmz2ilbn5b450gbv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Promovendae</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>278018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993605</id>
      <parentid>3991682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:39:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nomen paginae mutatum est</comment>
      <origin>3993605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15983" sha1="4bjcb2gjjxqlc88u8xc5jwolf0lynxn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{/Praefatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{safesubst:Index paginarum quotidianarum
|##=&lt;!-- ######################################################################

                        SCRIBE NOVAS PAGINAS HIC INFRA

Omnes paginae a te promotae *semper summae parti indicis* addendae sunt
(etiam quum commentationes antiquissimas inseras). Si plures paginas addis,
tibi suademus ut recentiores earum ante vetustiores disponas (ordo tamen haud
stricte tibi servandus est).

SYNTAXIS: Pagina // Descriptio // Imago

NOTA BENE: Paginae iam promotae non sunt delendae! Tantummodo adde paginas
           novas hic subter, *nihil ex indice detrahens*.

NOTA BENE: Si currentem ordinem mutare vis, a te petimus ut recensionem vacuam
           primum divulges.

############################################################ --&gt;| promovendae =

Hortum habet insula // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero XCIII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Merobaudes // [[Poëta]] et dux militum Romanus originis [[Franci|Francae]] qui [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]] floruit // IMG 6427 - MI - Sant'Eustorgio - Cimitero paleocristiano - Vittorino esorcista + 3 nov 377 - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 1-Mar-2007.jpg

Anni parte florida // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero XCII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Ioannes Polić Kamov // [[Poëta]], prosator atque [[scriptor]] dramaticus [[Croatia|Croaticus]], cuius opera ad primam modernitatem atque expressionismum pertinent // Janko polic kamov.jpg

Sacerdotes, mementote // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero XCI in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Paulinus Petricordiensis // [[Poëta]] Latinus et [[hagiographia|hagiographus]] originis [[Gallia|Gallicae]] circa anno [[490]] mortuus // Manuscrit- Vita metrica Sancti Martini de Paulin de Périgueux; Vita metrica sancti Martini de Venance Fortunat; Visio Wettini de Haito et de Walahfrid Strabon; Revelatio Baronti monachi, etc..jpg

Exit diluculo // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero XC in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Naucellius // [[Poëta]] et scriptor Romanus antiquus [[Senatus Romanus|senatorii ordinis]] quarto saeculo ineunte natus et circa anno [[400]] mortuus // Roma, metà di dittico con un'apoteosi, 400 circa.JPG

Nos duo boni // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXIX in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Methodus Interlinguae // Regulae de selectione [[vocabulum|verborum]] ad [[Interlingua]]m destinatorum // 150px-Interlingua-Logo.png

Iove cum Mercurio // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXVIIIa in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Ianus Lernutius // [[Poëta]] Latinus Belgicae originis // Portret Janus Lernutius, objectno PK.OP.06245.tif

Amor habet superos // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXVIII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Elisabetha Bohemiae // [[Regina]] [[Bohemia]]e, ultima e dynastia Přemyslidarum, ab anno [[1310]] usque ad mortem die [[28 Septembris]] [[1330]] // Busta Eliška Přemyslovna.jpg

Amor tenet omnia // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXVII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Petrus Zittaviensis // [[Scriptor]] [[Cechia|Bohemus]] et abbas [[Ordo Cisterciensis|Cisterciensis]] anno [[1275]] natus // Zámek Zbraslav, Krňák.JPG

Non contrecto quam affecto // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXVI in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Saepes contra cuniculos // Longissima [[saepes]] per totam [[Australia]]m a litore boreali usque ad litus australe extenta // Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg

Veris dulcis in tempore (CB 85) // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXV in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Saepes dingonum // Longissima [[saepes]] per totam [[Australia]]m extenta // Sturt National Park3 - Dingo Fence - CameronsCorner.jpg

Dum prius inculta // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXIV in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Valva (conchae) // Unaquaeque duarum partium e quibus nonnullae [[Concha|conchae]] constituuntur // Abra alba 2.jpg

Sevit aure spiritus // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXIII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Rostroconchia // [[Mollusca|Molluscorum]] classis exstincta, cuius [[species]] a [[Cambrium|Cambrio]] usque ad [[Permium]] reperiuntur // Mineralconcholo11812sowe 0380 large (cropped).jpg

Frigus hinc est horridum // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959) // [[Pellicula]] [[Francia|Franco]]-[[Iaponia|Iaponica]] ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] anno [[1959]] disposita quae motum [[Nova unda Francica|Novae undae Francicae]] incohavit // Paris Cinéma Le Louxor 7194.JPG

Solis iubar nituit // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXXI in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Why Nations Fail // Liber anno [[2012]] a [[Daron Acemoğlu]] et [[Iacobus A. Robinson|Iacobo A. Robinson]] scriptus de diversis itineribus in progressione nationum // &quot;Why Nations Fail&quot; by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson.jpg

Estivali gaudio // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXX in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Sarrocium // Pars vestimentorum quotidianorum nonnullorum canonicorum regularium // Frigdianknecht01.jpg

Estivali sub fervore // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXIX in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Superpelliceum // [[Vestimenta|Vestimentum]] [[Liturgia|liturgicum]] in Ecclesiis occidentalibus in usu // Requiem Saint-Germain- l'A.JPG

Anni novi rediit novitas // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXVIII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Lingua Harthica Superior // [[Varietas (linguistica)|Varietas linguistica]] [[Dialecti Theodiscae altae|Supratheodisca]] ex pristino [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos Montes]] et [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e, in [[Germania]], adhibita // Wappen Landkreis Osterode am Harz.png

Si linguis angelicis // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXVII in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Fucuscima Masanori // [[Daimyo]] [[Iaponia|Iaponensis]], primum cliens [[Taicosama|Taicosamae]], deinde familiae [[Tokugawa|Tokugawarum]], qui ab anno [[1600]] circa usque ad [[1619]] fuit dominus urbis [[Firoscima|Firoscimae]], in antiqua [[provincia Aqui]] // Fukushima Masanori 2.jpg

Dum caupona verterem // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXVI in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

Mizzumus Cauachius // Dux militum [[Iaponia|Iaponensis]] atque gubernator urbium [[Nagasacum|Nagasacii]] et [[Ozaca|Ozacae]] // Sanada Morinobu.jpg

Omittamus studia // [[Carmen]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scriptum, sub numero LXXV in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] servatum // Carmina Burana - Wheel of Fortune.JPG

|?#=&lt;!-- ######################################################################

                           NOLI HIC SUBTER SCRIBERE!

Partes hic subter *non sunt* manu recensendae. Quotienscumque hanc paginam
divulgabitur, nostrum mechanema ordinem sponte dabit.

########################################################################### --&gt;

							| 2026-01 =

Publius Cornelius Sylla
Ioël
Iosephus Grünwidl
Franciscus Joannes Bodfield Hooper
Hortus Aestivus
Marinus Anne Nicolaas Rovers
Ioël Mokyr
Petrus Howitt
Philippus Aghion
Antonius Rinaldi
Theodoricus Dahlenburg
Anscharius Saier
Aemilius Augustus Chartier
Doctor Zhivago (mythistoria)
Villa Comoedia et villa Tragoedia
Geometria (Cartesius)
Arbitrage (pellicula 2012)
Zohran Mamdani
Ecclesia Divinae Sapientiae (Patavium)
Lex Pompeia de provinciis
Villa Pawlowskensis
Abbo Sangermanensis
Aimoinus Sangermanensis
Psalmus 80
Genus cinematographicum
Ricardus Dehmel
Le Figaro
Ivan Vaisov
Ioannes Franciscus Thomas de Thomon
Edmundus Grimley Evans
Oranienbaumium (villa)


							| 2026-02 =

Gewandhausorchester
Moles Petropolitana
Andreas Nelsons
Fabius Planciades Fulgentius
Turania (regio)
Gatschina (villa)
Ars Sinica
Symphonia quadragesmia prima (Mozart)
Coleopsis archaica
Gens Vibia
Psalterium (instrumentum)
Symphonia octava (Schubert)
Gaius Vibius Varus
Columna infamis
Olga (regina Graeciae)
Isadora (pellicula 1968)
Regnum Poloniae (1815–1915)
Dioecesis Aturensis et Aquae Augustae
Symphonia tertia Ludovici van Beethoven
Lingua insulata
Studium Op. 10, No. 12 (Chopin)
Nestor Сhronographus
Studia (Chopin)
Before Sunset (pellicula 2004)
Symphonia quarta (Čajkovskij)
Symphonia quinta (Čajkovskij)
Trezenzonius
Fidelio


							| 2026-03 =

Hubertus Robert
Epistulae Paulinae
Impetus Civitatum Foederatarum in Venetiolam anni 2026
Congeminatio
Nigellus de Longo Campo
Tela araneorum
Eyes Wide Shut (pellicula 1999)
Requiem (Mozartus)
Lucilla Dumitrescu
Universitas Cantii
Manfredus (symphonia)
Bernardus Zamagna
Peer Gynt
Carolus Antonius Wetstenius
Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu Christi
Liber chronicarum sive tribulationum ordinis Minorum
Divisio instrumentorum musicorum
Coriolani apertura
Egmont (Beethoven)
Salix arctica
Insula Sancti Laurentii
Fratercula cirrhata
arXiv
Laurentius Corvinus
Wozzeck
Opera Civica Sub Tiliis
Theombrotus Ambraciotes
Index Carminum Buranorum
Digitale operis indicatrum
Vitaminum B12
Psalmus 81


							| 2026-04 =

Mos maiorum
Tannhauser (fabula melica)
Ranja Zafinifotsy
Kindertotenlieder
Nobilitas civica in Marca Pontificia
Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)
Manus ferens munera
Cloacina
Tiberius Claudius Paulinus
Marmor Tauriniacum
Responde, qui tanta cupis
Marcus Aedinius Iulianus
Alphabetum Kaldeorum
Psalmus 82
Titus Sennius Sollemnis
Ecce torpet probitas
Publius Nigidius Figulus
Psalmus 83
Amaris stupens casibus
Navis Batava volans
Vhelinga
Fideyorus
Lingua Palatina
Dialecti Eiflenses
Xenocrates Aphrodisiensis
Alexander Trallianus
Hosidius Geta
Reactio nuclearis
Deuterium
Tritium


							| 2026-05 =

The Night of the Hunter (pellicula 1955)
Defectio solis die 25 Februarii 1058 visa
Topologia classium punctorum
Lex municipalis Irnitana
Ibn Sahl
Florebat olim studium
Campus Martius (Petropolis)
Postquam nobilitas
Oblatio vitae
Licet eger cum egrotis
Sergius Kamenev
Ecce sonat in aperto
Guntur
In terra summus
Christophorus Zetterstrand
Procurans odium
Raphia
Invidus invidia
In laudem Iustini Minoris
O varium Fortune
Enheduanna
Celum, non animum
Spatium topologicum
Fortune plango vulnera
The Silence of the Lambs (pellicula 1991)
O Fortuna levis
Gulielmus Foege
Regnabo; regno; regnavi; sum sine regno
Starbucks
Fas et nefas ambulant
Sevir equitum Romanorum


							| 2026-06 =

Est modus in verbis
Petrus Baptista Pizzaballa
Veritas veritatum
Pamphile (Apuleius)
Homo, quo vigeas vide!
Syrtis Maior
Vide, qui nosti litteras
Syrtis Minor
Flete flenda
The Green Years
Iudas gehennam meruit
Electronica usui domestico destinata
O Fortuna
Robertus Nannetensis
Iste mundus furibundus
Babylonokia
Vivere sub meta
Eliseus Peyre Ferry
Ad cor tuum revertere
Principium Machianum
Bonum est confidere
Reticulum (mathematica)
Laudat rite deum
Thomas Hall
In lacu miserie
Lohengrin (drama musicum)
Dum iuventus floruit
Lycanthropus
Vite perdite
Cum dilecti


							| 2026-07 =

Cur homo torquetur
The Keys of the Kingdom
Non te lusisse pudeat
Epistolae Abaelardi et Heloisae
Deduc Sion uberrimas
Epistolae duorum amantium
Magnus, maior, maximus
Crónica del Perú
Nulli beneficium
The Valorous Years
In Gedeonis area
Nathan Futerfas
Doctrinae verba paucis
Matthias Sagmeister
In huius mundi patria
Cellulosa
In huius mundi domo
Franz (pellicula 2025)
Cum vadis ad altare
Venenum ornithorhynchi
Quicquid habes meriti
Thyminum
Propter Sion non tacebo
Ruby (lingua programmationis)
Utar contra vitia
Smalltalk
Roma, tue mentis oblita sanitate
Uracilum
In illo tempore
Ioannes Rouaud
Roma tenens morem


							| 2026-08 =

Sermo Variscus
Fides cum Ydolatria
De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)
Crucifigat omnes
Dialectus Lusatica Superior
Curritur ad vocem
Dialecti Thuringico-Altosaxonicae
Quod spiritu David precinuit
Dialectus Metalliferomontana
Horstu, uriunt, den wahter an der cinne
Petrus Sabatier
Tonat evangelica clara vox in mundo
Ricardus Bradley
Heu, voce flebili cogor enarrare
Lucius Roselli
Debacchatur mundus pomo
Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis
Imperator rex Grecorum
Nouvelle Vague (pellicula 2025)
Nomen a solemnibus
Tempus Passionis
Anno Christi incarnationis
Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu
Passeres illos, qui transmigrant supra montes
Iosephus Haslinger
Omne genus demoniorum
Hadrianus (cardinalis S. Chrysogoni)
Amara tanta tyri
Küchenmeisterei
Ianus annum circinat
Nichols (Connecticuta)


							| 2026-09 =

Bruma, veris emula
Requiem (Fauré)
Iam ver oritur
Saeptum Civitatis Montis Woosterani
Ecce, chorus virginum
Ecclesia Sanctae Theresiae (Trumbull, Connecticuta)
Captus amore gravi
Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus
Cupido mentem gyrat
Nicomachus Flavianus iunior
Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio
Canon missae
Dum Diane vitrea
Canon Missae pontificalis
Olim sudor Herculis
À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)
Prima Cleonei tolerata
Sergius Gredescul
Quocumque more motu
The Dictionary (Elyot)
Acteon, Lampos, Erythreus et Philogeus
Contra Symmachum
A globo veteri
Tractatus de salis cathartici amari natura
Saturni sidus lividum
Laudes (Psalmi)
Estas in exilium
Prima
Estatis florigero tempore
Officium capituli


							| 2026-10 =

Axe Phebus aureo
Laudes (liturgia)
Grates ago Veneri
Albania (Caucasus)
Clauso Cronos
Recueil d'expériences et observations
Letabundus rediit
Flavius Orestes

|tabularium={{safesubst:#invoke:params|self}}|labens=20261009|longevitas=39|1={{{1|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{/Postfatio}}
[[Categoria:Officia periodica Vicipaediae]]
[[Categoria:Pagina prima]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4bjcb2gjjxqlc88u8xc5jwolf0lynxn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lansinga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>278531</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993629</id>
      <parentid>3969834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Demetrius Talpa movit paginam [[Lansinga (Michigania)]] ad [[Lansinga]]: explicatio inutilis, omnes nexus ad unam Lansingam</comment>
      <origin>3969834</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4196" sha1="2c79p3xrat0q4mc1amdd389grfkxop2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ingham County Michigan Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lansing Highlighted.svg|thumb|upright=1|Locus in [[Ingham Comitatus|Comitatu Ingham]]. Meridiano-occidentale urbis latus in [[Eaton Comitatus|Eaton Comitatum]] extenditur. Urbi etiam sunt duo parvi tractus separati in Ingham Comitatu. Hae regiones in tabula non monstrantur.&lt;!--as they are part of a [[425 Agreement]], meaning they do not officially count towards Lansing's area.&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Lansing_skyline_brobb_11_2009.jpg|thumb|Media urbs.]]
[[Fasciculus:Michigan state capitol.jpg|thumb|[[Capitolium civicum Michiganiae]].]]
&lt;!--
[[Fasciculus:Grand River overlooking Lansing River Trail Bridge.jpg|thumb|Grand River overlooking Lansing River Trail Bridge]]
[[Fasciculus:North Lansing dam.jpg|thumb|The North Lansing dam of the Grand River. The [[Lansing River Trail]] and [[Ottawa Street Power Station]] are visible behind.]]
[[Fasciculus:Everett High School Lansing, Michigan 2.jpg|thumb|[[Everett High School (Michigan)|Everett High School]], Southside Lansing]]--&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Farmers Market in Lansing Michigan.jpg|thumb|Macellum [[agricola]]run Lansingense.]]
'''Lansinga'''&lt;ref&gt;Traupman, ''Conversational Latin.''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Lansing'') est [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Michigania]]e, unius e [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitatibus]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Plerumque in [[Ingham Comitatus|Comitatu Ingham]] situm est, quamquam [[regio]]nes urbanae ad occidentem versus in [[Eaton Comitatus|Comitatum Eaton]] et ad septentriones versus in [[Clinton Comitatus (Michigania)|Comitatum Clinton]] extenduntur. Lansinga est solum caput civicum Americanum (inter quadraginta septem capita in comitatibus sita) quod [[sedes comitatus]] non est. Sedes quidem rectionis Comitatus Ingham est [[Mason (Michigania)|Mason]],&lt;ref name=&quot;GR6&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sed comitatus nonnullas officinas Lansingae habet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ingham County Offices&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ingham.org/telephonedirectory.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040204035742/http://www.ingham.org/TelephoneDirectory.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2004-02-04 |title=Telephone Directory |accessdate=2009-09-30 |work= |publisher=Ingham County |year=2009}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:7135 oss.jpg|[[Electricifina]] viae Ottawa.
Fasciculus:712 michigan hofj.jpg|[[Iudicium Maximum Michiganiae]]&lt;!-- at the Hall of Justice--&gt;, anno [[2002]] apertum.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Incolae notabiles ==
* [[Magicus Johnson]]
* [[Laurentius Page]]
* [[Debbie Stabenow]]
* [[Malcolmus X]]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Universitas Civica Michiganiae]]

== Notes ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Balaskovitz, Andy. [[2012]]. Despite hurdles, consolidating Lansing, East Lansing and Lansing Township makes sense. ''Lansing City Pulse,'' 28 Novembris. Apud [[NewsBank]] 33658e6f3e435749c466e59bf44dd1b692752.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lansing, Michigan|Lansingam}}
* [https://www.lansingmi.gov/ Situs interretialis Lansingae proprius.]
* [http://www.lansing.org Greater Lansing Convention &amp; Visitors Bureau]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140703083845/http://app.thearit.com/great-lakes-capital/greatlakescapitalfund.html Great Lakes Capital Fund]
&lt;!--
*[http://www.lansingstatejournal.com/article/99999999/INTERACTIVE0101/91029003/ ''The Lansing Republican'', excerpts from 1859 editions]{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Lansing}}
*{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Lansing |short=x}}
* [[OpenStreetMap:Lansing, Michigan]]--&gt;
&lt;!--
[[Category:Cities in Clinton County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Cities in Eaton County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Cities in Ingham County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Lansing – East Lansing metropolitan area|*]]--&gt;

[[Categoria:Lansinga (Michigania)| ]]
[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1835]]</text>
      <sha1>2c79p3xrat0q4mc1amdd389grfkxop2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Lansinga</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>278540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993631</id>
      <parentid>3393970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Demetrius Talpa movit paginam [[Disputatio:Lansinga (Michigania)]] ad [[Disputatio:Lansinga]]: explicatio inutilis, omnes nexus ad unam Lansingam</comment>
      <origin>3393970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="fac8qyiuemkznh9nn01mbgrr9etqfk0" xml:space="preserve">{{Attributio|en|Lansinga (Michigania)}}</text>
      <sha1>fac8qyiuemkznh9nn01mbgrr9etqfk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ostrea conchaphila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>285437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993616</id>
      <parentid>3965568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T06:46:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>3993616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2644" sha1="nqqm1dbg7js37vtimvjm0xulwy2qk6e" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Capsa taxinomica
| image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.319388 - Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857 - Ostreidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg
| image_caption = ''Ostrea conchaphila'' ([[Naturalis]] [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]])
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| classis = [[Bivalvia]]
| ordo = [[Ostreida]]
| subordo = [[Ostreina]]
| familia = [[Ostreidae]]| genus = ''[[Ostrea]]''
| species = ''Ostrea conchaphila''
| species_authority = ([[Philippus Pearsall Carpenter|Carpenter]], [[1857]]) 
}}
'''''Ostrea conchaphila''''' est species [[conchylium|conchyliorum]] familiae [[Ostreidae|Ostreidarum]]. Ad litora occidentalia [[Mexicum|Mexici]] sponte gignit. Ibidem ad comedendum colligitur. Species cognata [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] occidentalium ''Ostrea lurida'' olim eadem cum ''O. conchaphila'' fuisse censebatur: ergo qui ostreas [[California]]e, [[Oregonia]]e, Vasingtoniae describunt saepe nomine ''O. conchaphila'' utuntur.

[[Fasciculus:Olympia oyster.jpg|thumb|''Ostrea conchaphila'' ad comedendum aperta]]
== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[https://themazatlanpost.com/2019/02/03/sinaloa-oyster-fair-in-celestino-gazca-ends-today-with-over-50-tons-served/ Sinaloa: Oyster Fair in Celestino Gazca ends today with over 50 tons served] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot; in ''Mazatlan Post'' (3 Februarii 2019)
* Meredith Raith et al., &quot;[https://bioone.org/journals/american-malacological-bulletin/volume-33/issue-2/006.033.0206/Phylogeny-and-Species-Diversity-of-Gulf-of-California-Oysters-Ostreidae/10.4003/006.033.0206.full Phylogeny and Species Diversity of Gulf of California Oysters (Ostreidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA]&quot; in ''American Malacological Bulletin'' vol. 33 (2015) pp. 263-283 [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283276389_Phylogeny_and_Species_Diversity_of_Gulf_of_California_Oysters_Ostreidae_Inferred_from_Mitochondrial_DNA alibi]
* Ramasamy Santhanam, ''Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Bivalve Molluscs'' (Apple Academic Press, 2018) pp. 38-39 {{Google Books|8llgDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biologici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Ostrea conchaphila|Ostream conchaphilam}}
{{Vicispecies}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211221155402/http://wsg.washington.edu/oysterstew/cool/oystervarieties.html Oyster Varieties]&quot; (in civitate Vasingtoniensi cultae) apud universitatem Vasingtoniensem

[[Categoria:Ostreidae]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Carpenter]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1857]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca culta]]
[[Categoria:Species animalium]]
[[Categoria:Alimenta Mexicana]]</text>
      <sha1>nqqm1dbg7js37vtimvjm0xulwy2qk6e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Luckyfuy</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>300505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993545</id>
      <parentid>3826594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T17:26:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Luckyfuy</username>
        <id>138000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="197" sha1="63wal8ptcohsk82qex0b0pdiq2hyqn9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 200%; margin: 0.2em 0;&quot;&gt;Bene veneris ad paginam Luckyfuy!&lt;/div&gt;

Pro pluribus indiciis vide [[:zh:User:Luckyfuy|hic]].

{{Buto|[[Disputatio Usoris:Luckyfuy|💬Disputatio]]}}</text>
      <sha1>63wal8ptcohsk82qex0b0pdiq2hyqn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circumdaria Franciae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>304787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993504</id>
      <parentid>3908404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:04:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Index circumdariorum */ typo</comment>
      <origin>3993504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72186" sha1="ezfroi1y8horjiodf2g33wrr4d940tp" xml:space="preserve">Anno [[2019]] erant in [[Francia]] 332 [[circumdarium|circumdaria]], e quibus duodecim transmarina.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3720946/arrondissement2019-csv.zip Téléchargement - Année 2019: Liste des arrondissements].&lt;/ref&gt; 
__TOC__

== Index circumdariorum ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|Praefectura]]
! [[Caput urbs|Caput]]
! Circumdarium
! [[Incola]]e&lt;br&gt;(anno [[2016]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3677855 INSEE: Populations légales 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;
! Area&lt;br&gt;(chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! [[Spissitudo incolarum]]&lt;br&gt;(capita per chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! Municipia
|-Curretia (praefectura Franciae)
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Indis (praefectura Franciae)|01]]
| [[Fasciculus:Blason_ville_fr_Belley_(Ain).svg|15px]] [[Bellicium]]
| [[Fasciculus:Blason_pays_fr_Bugey.svg|15px]] [[Circumdarium Belliciense|Bellicium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120,594
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,584
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Indis (praefectura Franciae)|01]]
| [[File:Blason_Bourg-en-Bresse.svg|15px]] [[Burgus Bressiae]]
| [[File:Blason maison de Baugé.svg|15px]] [[Circumdarium Burgense Bressiae|Burgus Bressiae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 331,400
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,874
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 199
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Indis (praefectura Franciae)|01]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Gex_(Ain).svg|15px]] [[Gaium]]
| [[Circumdarium Gaiense|Gaium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93,027
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 405
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 230
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Indis (praefectura Franciae)|01]]
| [[File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Nantua_(Ain).svg|15px]] [[Nantua]]
| [[Circumdarium Nantuense|Nantua]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93,404
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 900
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|02]]
| [[File:Blason_Château-Thierry_02.svg|15px]] [[Castrum Theodorici]]
| [[Circumdarium Castrotheodoricense|Castrum Theodorici]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,836
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,115
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|02]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Laon_(Aisne).svg|15px]] [[Laudunum]]
| [[Circumdarium Laudunense|Laudunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157,371
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,175
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 240
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|02]]
| [[File:Blason_St-Quentin_02.svg|15px]] [[Sanctus Quintinus in Viromandia]]
| [[Circumdarium Santoquintinum|Sanctus Quintinus in Viromandia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,958
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,071
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|02]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Soissons_(Aisne).svg|15px]] [[Augusta Suessionum]]
| [[Circumdarium Suessionum|Augusta Suessionum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 107,744
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,342
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 166
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Axona (praefectura Franciae)|02]]
| [[File:Heraldique_blason_ville_fr_vervins.svg|15px]] [[Vervins]]
| [[File:Armoiries_Thiérache.svg|15px]] [[Circumdarium Vervins|Vervins]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72,157
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,658
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 160
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Elaver (praefectura Franciae)|03]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Montluçon(03).svg|15px]] [[Mons Luzonis]]
| [[Circumdarium Monluzonense|Mons Luzonis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108,364
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,117
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Elaver (praefectura Franciae)|03]]
| [[File:Blason ville fr Moulins (Allier).svg|15px]] [[Molinae]]
| [[Circumdarium Molinense|Molinae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106,124
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,958
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Elaver (praefectura Franciae)|03]]
| [[File:Blason_fr_Vichy.svg|15px]] [[Viciacum]]
| [[Circumdarium Viciacense|Viciacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124,896
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,266
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 119
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes Provinciae superioris|04]]
| [[File:Blason_Barcelonette_04.svg|15px]] [[Barceloneta]]
| [[Circumdarium Barcinense|Barceloneta]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,874
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,028
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes Provinciae superioris|04]]
| [[File:Blason_Castellane.svg|15px]] [[Castellane]]
| [[Circumdarium Castellane|Castellane]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,403
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,718
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes Provinciae superioris|04]]
| [[File:Blason_DignelesBains.svg|15px]] [[Dinia]]
| [[Circumdarium Diniense|Dinia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,298
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,574
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes Provinciae superioris|04]]
| [[File:Blason_Forcalquier.svg|15px]] [[Forum Calcarium]]
| [[Circumdarium Calcarium|Forum Calcarium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95,990
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,605
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes superiores|05]]
| [[File:Blason ville fr Briançon (Hautes-Alpes).svg|15px]] [[Brigantium (Alpes Superiores)|Brigantium]]
| [[Circumdarium Brigantinum|Brigantium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,266
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,138
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes superiores|05]]
| [[File:Blason_Gap.svg|15px]] [[Vapincum]]
| [[Circumdarium Vapincense|Vapincum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105,841
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,411
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes maritimae (praefectura Franciae)|06]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Grasse_(Alpes_Maritimes).svg|15px]] [[Grassa]]
| [[Circumdarium Grassense|Grassa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 561,067
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,231
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 456
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alpes maritimae (praefectura Franciae)|06]]
| [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]]
| [[Circumdarium Nicaeense|Nicaea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 522,637
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,067
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ardesca (praefectura Franciae)|07]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Largentière_(Ardèche).svg|15px]] [[Largentière|Argentaria]]
| [[Circumdarium Largentière|Argentaria]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101,490
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,646 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ardesca (praefectura Franciae)|07]]
| [[File:Blason ville fr Privas 07.svg|15px]] [[Privatum]]
| [[Circumdarium Privatense|Privatum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84,907
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,146 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ardesca (praefectura Franciae)|07]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Tournon-sur-Rhône.svg|15px]] [[Turnonium]]
| [[Circumdarium Turnoniense|Turnonium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 138,760
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,737
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|08]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Charleville-Mézières_(Ardennes).svg|15px]] [[Caroli Villa]]
| [[Circumdarium Carolivillanum|Caroli Villa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158,005
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,825
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|08]]
| [[File:Blason comtes de Rethel.svg|15px]] [[Rethel|Reistete]]
| [[Circumdarium Rethel|Reistete]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,384
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,200
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|08]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Sedan_(Ardennes).svg|15px]] [[Sedanum]]
| [[File:Armoiries_de_la_Marck-Sedan.svg|15px]] [[Circumdarium Sedanense|Sedanum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 792
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|08]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Vouziers_(Ardenne).svg|15px]] [[Vouziers]]
| [[Circumdarium Vouziers|Vouziers]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,846
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,412
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aurigera (praefectura Franciae)|09]]
| [[File:Blason du comté de Foix.svg|15px]] [[Fuxium]]
| [[File:Blason du comté de Foix.svg|15px]] [[Circumdarium Fuxiense|Fuxium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,572
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,819
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aurigera (praefectura Franciae)|09]]
| [[File:Blason_Pamiers_09.svg|15px]] [[Appamiae]]
| [[Circumdarium Appamiense|Appamiae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64,938
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,052
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aurigera (praefectura Franciae)|09]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Girons_(Ariège).svg|15px]] [[Sanctus Gerontius (Arigia)|Sanctus Gerontius]]
| [[Circumdarium Sancti Gerontii|Sanctus Gerontius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,557
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,019
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Albula (praefectura Franciae)|10]]
| [[File:Blason_Bar-sur-Aube.svg|15px]] [[Barium ad Albam]]
| [[Circumdarium Bariense ad Albam|Barium ad Albam]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,759
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,240
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Albula (praefectura Franciae)|10]]
| [[File:Blason_Nogent_sur_seine.svg|15px]] [[Novigentum ad Sequanam]]
| [[Circumdarium Novigentense|Novigentum ad Sequanam]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,067
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,224
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Albula (praefectura Franciae)|10]]
| [[File:Blason_ville_fr_Troyes.svg|15px]] [[Trecae]]
| [[Circumdarium Trecense|Trecae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 226,084
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,540
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 244
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Atax (praefectura Franciae)|11]]
| [[Carcaso]]
| [[Carcaso (circumdarium)|Carcaso]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 159,539
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,310
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 186
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Atax (praefectura Franciae)|11]]
| [[Limosum]]
| [[Limosum (circumdarium)|Limosum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,546
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,727
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 138
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Atax (praefectura Franciae)|11]]
| [[Narbo]]
| [[Narbo (circumdarium)|Narbo]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165,940
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,102
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aveyro (praefectura Franciae)|12]]
| [[Amiliavum]]
| [[Amiliavum (circumdarium)|Amiliavum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,346
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,742
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aveyro (praefectura Franciae)|12]]
| [[Segodunum]]
| [[Segodunum (circumdarium)|Segodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111,180
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,870
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aveyro (praefectura Franciae)|12]]
| [[Villa Franca in Rutenis]]
| [[Villa Franca in Rutenis (circumdarium)|Villa Franca in Rutenis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88,171
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,124
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ostia Rhodani|13]]
| [[Aquae Sextiae]]
| [[Aquae Sextiae (circumdarium)|Aquae Sextiae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 450,153
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,658
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 272
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ostia Rhodani|13]]
| [[Arelate]]
| [[Arelate (circumdarium)|Arelate]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 171,684
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,032
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ostia Rhodani|13]]
| [[Istres]]
| [[Istres (circumdarium)|Istres]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 327,971
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 715
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 459
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ostia Rhodani|13]]
| [[Massilia]]
| [[Massilia (circumdarium)|Massilia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,069,909
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 683
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,566
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rupes Calvadosia|14]]
| [[Baiocae]]
| [[Baiocae (circumdarium)|Baiocae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,896
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 977
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rupes Calvadosia|14]]
| [[Cadomum]]
| [[Cadomum (circumdarium)|Cadomum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 384,540
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,596
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 241
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 201
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rupes Calvadosia|14]]
| [[Lexovium]]
| [[Lexovium (circumdarium)|Lexovium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 162,678
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,756
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 160
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rupes Calvadosia|14]]
| [[Vira (Normannia)|Vira Normanniae]]
| [[Vira Normanniae (circumdarium)|Vira Normanniae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72,565
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,206
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Cantalinus|15]]
| [[Aureliacum]]
| [[Aureliacum (circumdarium)|Aureliacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82,391
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,937
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Cantalinus|15]]
| [[Mauriac (Mons Celtorum)|Mauriac]]
| [[Mauriac (circumdarium)|Mauriac]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,881
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,278
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Cantalinus|15]]
| [[Sanctus Florus]]
| [[Sanctus Florus (circumdarium)|Sanctus Florus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,697
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,511
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus|16]]
| [[Engolisma]]
| [[Engolisma (circumdarium)|Engolisma]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 181,456
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,868
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus|16]]
| [[Condate (Carantonus)|Condate]]
| [[Condate (circumdarium)|Condate]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99,987
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,671
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus|16]]
| [[Confolens]]
| [[Confolens (circumdarium)|Confolens]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,845
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,418
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 141
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus maritimus|17]]
| [[Jonzac]]
| [[Jonzac (circumdarium)|Jonzac]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,989
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,740
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus maritimus|17]]
| [[Rupifortium]]
| [[Rupifortium (circumdarium)|Rupifortium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189,875
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,535
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus maritimus|17]]
| [[Rupella]]
| [[Rupella (circumdarium)|Rupella]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 215,707
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 853
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 253
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus maritimus|17]]
| [[Mediolanum Santonum]]
| [[Mediolanum Santonum (circumdarium)|Mediolanum Santonum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 116,057
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,320
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carantonus maritimus|17]]
| [[Fanum Sancti Ioannis Angeriaci|Angeriacum]]
| [[Angeriacum (circumdarium)|Angeriacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52,563
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,416
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carus (praefectura Franciae)|18]]
| [[Avaricum Biturigum]]
| [[Avaricum Biturigum (circumdarium)|Avaricum Biturigum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 173,037
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,784
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carus (praefectura Franciae)|18]]
| [[Mons Rotundus (Carus)|Mons Rotundus]]
| [[Mons Rotundus (circumdarium)|Mons Rotundus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,938
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,684
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 116
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Carus (praefectura Franciae)|18]]
| [[Vierzon]]
| [[Vierzon (circumdarium)|Vierzon]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,135
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,767
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Curretia (praefectura Franciae)|19]]
| [[Briva]]
| [[Briva (circumdarium)|Briva]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,863
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,471
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Curretia (praefectura Franciae)|19]]
| [[Tutela (Lemovicensis)|Tutela]]
| [[Tutela (circumdarium)|Tutela]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,741
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,364
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Curretia (praefectura Franciae)|19]]
| [[Ussel (Curretia)|Ussel]]
| [[Ussel (circumdarium)|Ussel]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,931
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,022
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Corsica Meridionalis|2A]]
| [[Adiacium]]
| [[Adiacium (circumdarium)|Adiacium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113,473
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,224
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Corsica Meridionalis|2A]]
| [[Sartena]]
| [[Sartena (circumdarium)|Sartena]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,830
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,790
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Corsica Superior|2B]]
| [[Mantinum]]
| [[Mantinum (circumdarium)|Mantinum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87,776
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 474
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 185
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Corsica Superior|2B]]
| [[Calvium]]
| [[Calvium (circumdarium)|Calvium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,576
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,338 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Corsica Superior|2B]]
| [[Curia (Corsica)|Curia]]
| [[Curia (circumdarium)|Curia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58,800
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,853
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côte-d'Or|21]]
| [[Vellaunodunum]]
| [[Vellaunodunum (circumdarium)|Vellaunodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111,295
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,359
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 222
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côte-d'Or|21]]
| [[Divio]]
| [[Divio (circumdarium)|Divio]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 361,844
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,808
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 224
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côte-d'Or|21]]
| [[Montbard]]
| [[Montbard (circumdarium)|Montbard]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,074
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,596
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 252
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côtes-d'Armor|22]]
| [[Dinannum]]
| [[Dinannum (circumdarium)|Dinannum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,698
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 985
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côtes-d'Armor|22]]
| [[Guengampum]]
| [[Guengampum (circumdarium)|Guengampum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125,567
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,292
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côtes-d'Armor|22]]
| [[Lannion]]
| [[Lannion (circumdarium)|Lannion]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99,903
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 904
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Côtes-d'Armor|22]]
| [[Fanum Sancti Brioci|Briocum]]
| [[Briocum (circumdarium)|Briocum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 270,785
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,696
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Crosa (praefectura Franciae)|23]]
| [[Albucio (Crosa)|Albucio]]
| [[Albucio (circumdarium)|Albucio]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,680
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,829
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Crosa (praefectura Franciae)|23]]
| [[Gueretum]]
| [[Gueretum (circumdarium)|Gueretum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74,822
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,737
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 127
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dordonia (praefectura Franciae)|24]]
| [[Brageriacum]]
| [[Brageriacum (circumdarium)|Brageriacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,859
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,820
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dordonia (praefectura Franciae)|24]]
| [[Nontron]]
| [[Nontron (circumdarium)|Nontron]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,758
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,098
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 94
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dordonia (praefectura Franciae)|24]]
| Perigueux|[[Petrocorium]]
| [[Petrocorium (circumdarium)|Petrocorium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 175,309
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,869
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dordonia (praefectura Franciae)|24]]
| [[Sarlatum]]
| [[Sarlatum (circumdarium)|Sarlatum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,863
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,273
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 138
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dubis (praefectura Franciae)|25]]
| [[Vesontio]]
| [[Vesontio (circumdarium)|Vesontio]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 249,211
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,926
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 256
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dubis (praefectura Franciae)|25]]
| [[Mons Belicardus]]
| [[Mons Belicardus (circumdarium)|Mons Belicardus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 176,425
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,256
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 140
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Dubis (praefectura Franciae)|25]]
| [[Pons Ruanni]]
| [[Pons Ruanni (circumdarium)|Pons Ruanni]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,913
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,051
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 149
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Druma (praefectura Franciae)|26]]
| [[Dea Vocontiorum]]
| [[Dea Vocontiorum (circumdarium)|Dea Vocontiorum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,156
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,536
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Druma (praefectura Franciae)|26]]
| [[Nyons]]
| [[Nyons (circumdarium)|Nyons]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 148,049
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,478
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 149
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Druma (praefectura Franciae)|26]]
| [[Valentia (Francia)|Valentia]]
| [[Valentia (circumdarium)|Valentia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 292,801
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,516
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 193
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura (praefectura Franciae)|27]]
| [[Andeliacum]]
| [[Andeliacum (circumdarium)|Andeliacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 235,732
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,854
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 127
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 185
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura (praefectura Franciae)|27]]
| [[Bernacum]]
| [[Bernacum (circumdarium)|Bernacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 227,054
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,227
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 297
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura (praefectura Franciae)|27]]
| [[Ebroicum]]
| [[Ebroicum (circumdarium)|Ebroicum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 140,039
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 959
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 146
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura et Lidericus|28]]
| [[Carnotes]]
| [[Carnotes (circumdarium)|Carnotes]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 209,218
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,130
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 148
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura et Lidericus|28]]
| [[Castrodunum]]
| [[Castrodunum (circumdarium)|Castrodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59,262
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,439
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura et Lidericus|28]]
| [[Drocae]]
| [[Drocae (circumdarium)|Drocae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,414
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,501
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 86
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ebura et Lidericus|28]]
| [[Novigentum Rotroudi]]
| [[Novigentum Rotroudi (circumdarium)|Novigentum Rotroudi]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,035
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 811
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Finis Terrae (praefectura Franciae)|29]]
| [[Brestia]]
| [[Brestia (circumdarium)|Brestia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 374,276
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,396
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 268
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Finis Terrae (praefectura Franciae)|29]]
| [[Castrolinum]]
| [[Castrolinum (circumdarium)|Castrolinum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82,403
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,757
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Finis Terrae (praefectura Franciae)|29]]
| [[Mons Relaxus]]
| [[Mons Relaxus (circumdarium)|Mons Relaxus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,830
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,331
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Finis Terrae (praefectura Franciae)|29]]
| [[Coriosopitum]]
| [[Coriosopitum (circumdarium)|Coriosopitum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 322,740
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,250
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Gardus (praefectura Franciae)|30]]
| [[Alestum]]
| [[Alestum (circumdarium)|Alestum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 148,139
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,304
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Gardus (praefectura Franciae)|30]]
| [[Nemausus]]
| [[Nemausus (circumdarium)|Nemausus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 554,624
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,158
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 176
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 180
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Gardus (praefectura Franciae)|30]]
| [[Le Vigan (Vardo)|Le Vigan]]
| [[Le Vigan (circumdarium)|Le Vigan]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,243
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,391
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Garumna superior|31]]
| [[Muret|Murellum]]
| [[Murellum (circumdarium)|Murellum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 220,791
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,631
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Garumna superior|31]]
| [[Saint-Gaudens|Sanctus Gaudenτius]]
| [[Sanctus Gaudenτius (circumdarium)|Sanctus Gaudenτius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,444
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,140
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 235
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Garumna superior|31]]
| [[Tolosa]]
| [[Tolosa (circumdarium)|Tolosa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,049,948
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,539
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 414
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 225
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aegircius (praefectura Franciae)|32]]
| [[Augusta Auscorum]]
| [[Augusta Auscorum (circumdarium)|Augusta Auscorum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,242
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,924
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aegircius (praefectura Franciae)|32]]
| [[Condomium]]
| [[Condomium (circumdarium)|Condomium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,137
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,462
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 162
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Aegircius (praefectura Franciae)|32]]
| [[Mirande]]
| [[Mirande (circumdarium)|Mirande]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,285
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,871
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Arcassonius]]
| [[Arcassonius (circumdarium)|Arcassonius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150,979
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,470
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Blavia]]
| [[Blavia (circumdarium)|Blavia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90,090
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 782
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Burdigala]]
| [[Burdigala (circumdarium)|Burdigala]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 950,099
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,522
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 624
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Langonum]]
| [[Langonum (circumdarium)|Langonum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132,346
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,644
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 196
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Lesparre-Médoc]]
| [[Lesparre-Médoc (circumdarium)|Lesparre-Médoc]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89,098
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,274
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Girumna (praefectura Franciae)|33]]
| [[Liburnia (Francia)|Liburnia]]
| [[Liburnia (circumdarium)|Liburnia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 154,067
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,283
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Araura (praefectura Franciae)|34]]
| [[Baeterrae]]
| [[Baeterrae (circumdarium)|Baeterrae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 309,800
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,091
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 153
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Araura (praefectura Franciae)|34]]
| [[Luteva]]
| [[Luteva (circumdarium)|Luteva]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 138,746
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,005
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 122
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Araura (praefectura Franciae)|34]]
| [[Mons Pessulanus]]
| [[Mons Pessulanus (circumdarium)|Mons Pessulanus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 683,935
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,005
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 681
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ella et Vicenonia|35]]
| [[Filiceriae]]
| [[Filiceriae et Vitreium (circumdarium)|Filiceriae et Vitreium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 184,039
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,173
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ella et Vicenonia|35]]
| [[Rothonum]]
| [[Rothonum (circumdarium)|Rothonum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,157
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,303
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ella et Vicenonia|35]]
| [[Redones]]
| [[Redones (circumdarium)|Redones]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 599,717
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,228
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 269
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ella et Vicenonia|35]]
| [[Maclovium]]
| [[Maclovium (circumdarium)|Maclovium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165,866
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,071
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|36]]
| [[Oblincum]]
| [[Oblincum (circumdarium)|Oblincum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,714
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,782
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|36]]
| [[Castrum Radulphi]]
| [[Castrum Radulphi (circumdarium)|Castrum Radulphi]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,106
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,622
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|36]]
| [[La Châtre (Andra)|La Châtre]]
| [[La Châtre (circumdarium)|La Châtre]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,433
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,204
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|36]]
| [[Exoldunum]]
| [[Exoldunum (circumdarium)|Exoldunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,252
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,182
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger et Liger|37]]
| [[Chinonium]]
| [[Chinonium (circumdarium)|Chinonium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103,824
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,297
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger et Liger|37]]
| [[Lochiae]]
| [[Lochiae (circumdarium)|Lochiae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,743
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Inger et Liger|37]]
| [[Turonum]]
| [[Turonum (circumdarium)|Turonum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 384,117
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,088
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 353
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Isara (praefectura Franciae)|38]]
| [[Gratianopolis]]
| [[Gratianopolis (circumdarium)|Gratianopolis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 738,149
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,399
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 263
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Isara (praefectura Franciae)|38]]
| [[La Tour-du-Pin]]
| [[La Tour-du-Pin (circumdarium)|La Tour-du-Pin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 302,380
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,543
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 196
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 136
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Isara (praefectura Franciae)|38]]
| [[Vienna]]
| [[Vienna (circumdarium)|Vienna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 212,383
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,490
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Iura (praefectura Franciae)|39]]
| [[Dola]]
| [[Dola (circumdarium)|Dola]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106,246
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,770
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 190
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Iura (praefectura Franciae)|39]]
| [[Ledo Salinarius]]
| [[Ledo Salinarius (circumdarium)|Ledo Salinarius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104,522
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,272
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 249
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Iura (praefectura Franciae)|39]]
| [[Sanctus Claudius (Iura)|Sanctus Claudius]]
| [[Sanctus Claudius (circumdarium)|Sanctus Claudius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49,749
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 958
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Landae (praefectura Franciae)|40]]
| [[Aquae Tarbellicae]]
| [[Aquae Tarbellicae (circumdarium)|Aquae Tarbellicae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 224,716
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,194
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 152
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Landae (praefectura Franciae)|40]]
| [[Martianum]]
| [[Martianum (circumdarium)|Martianum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 180,294
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,048
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 175
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lidericus et Carus|41]]
| [[Blesae]]
| [[Blesae (circumdarium)|Blesae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150,805
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,950
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lidericus et Carus|41]]
| [[Rivus Morentini]]
| [[Rivus Morentini (circumdarium)|Rivus Morentini]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,145
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,671
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lidericus et Carus|41]]
| [[Vindocinum]]
| [[Vindocinum (circumdarium)|Vindocinum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,819
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,722
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger (praefectura Franciae)|42]]
| [[Monbrisonium]]
| [[Monbrisonium (circumdarium)|Monbrisonium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 181,551
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,943
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger (praefectura Franciae)|42]]
| [[Rodumna]]
| [[Rodumna (circumdarium)|Rodumna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157,160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,780
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger (praefectura Franciae)|42]]
| [[Sanctus Stephanus de Furano]]
| [[Sanctus Stephanus (circumdarium)|Sanctus Stephanus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 423,286
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,058
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 400
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger superior|43]]
| [[Brivas]]
| [[Brivas (circumdarium)|Brivas]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,768
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,887
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger superior|43]]
| [[Podium Vellavorum]]
| [[Podium Vellavorum (circumdarium)|Podium Vellavorum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96,498
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,931
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger superior|43]]
| [[Yssingeaux]]
| [[Yssingeaux (circumdarium)|Yssingeaux]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,073
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger Atlanticus|44]]
| [[Castrum Brientii]]
| [[Castrum Brientii et Ancenisium (circumdarium)|Castrum Brientii et Ancenisium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 222,436
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,158
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger Atlanticus|44]]
| [[Portus Namnetum]]
| [[Portus Namnetum (circumdarium)|Portus Namnetum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 830,509
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,959
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 424
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Liger Atlanticus|44]]
| [[Sanctus Nazarius in Sinnuario]]
| [[Sanctus Nazarius (circumdarium)|Sanctus Nazarius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 327,907
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,758
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 187
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ligerula|45]]
| [[Mons Argii]]
| [[Mons Argii (circumdarium)|Mons Argii]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170,285
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,657
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ligerula|45]]
| [[Aurelianum]]
| [[Aurelianum (circumdarium)|Aurelianum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 440,562
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,925
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ligerula|45]]
| [[Pithiverium]]
| [[Pithiverium (circumdarium)|Pithiverium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,483
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,193
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus (praefectura Franciae)|46]]
| [[Cadurcum]]
| [[Cadurcum (circumdarium)|Cadurcum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,943
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,861
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus (praefectura Franciae)|46]]
| [[Figiacum]]
| [[Figiacum (circumdarium)|Figiacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,566
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,593
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus (praefectura Franciae)|46]]
| [[Gourdon (Oltis)|Gourdon]]
| [[Gourdon (circumdarium)|Gourdon]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46,838
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,762
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus et Garumna|47]]
| [[Aginnum]]
| [[Aginnum (circumdarium)|Aginnum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120,499
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,013
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 119
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus et Garumna|47]]
| [[Marmanda]]
| [[Marmanda (circumdarium)|Marmanda]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83,647
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,388
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus et Garumna|47]]
| [[Neracum]]
| [[Neracum (circumdarium)|Neracum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,020
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,400
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oldus et Garumna|47]]
| [[Villa Nova ad Oltem]]
| [[Villa Nova ad Oltem (circumdarium)|Villa Nova ad Oltem]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89,667
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,560
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lesura (praefectura Franciae)|48]]
| [[Florac|Florac-Trois-Rivières]]
| [[Florac (circumdarium)|Florac]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,242
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,687
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lesura (praefectura Franciae)|48]]
| [[Mimate]]
| [[Mimate (circumdarium)|Mimate]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,180
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,479
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana et Liger|49]]
| [[Andecavis]]
| [[Andecavis (circumdarium)|Andecavis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 380,215
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,741
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 218
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana et Liger|49]]
| [[Cauletum]]
| [[Cauletum (circumdarium)|Cauletum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 224,581
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,103
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 107
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana et Liger|49]]
| [[Salmurium]]
| [[Salmurium (circumdarium)|Salmurium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135,333
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,968
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana et Liger|49]]
| [[Segré]]
| [[Segré (circumdarium)|Segré]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,805
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,296
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oceanus Britannicus (praefectura Franciae)|50]]
| [[Avrincae]]
| [[Avrincae (circumdarium)|Avrincae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134,724
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,888
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oceanus Britannicus (praefectura Franciae)|50]]
| [[Caesaris burgus]]
| [[Caesaris burgus (circumdarium)|Caesaris burgus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189,748
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,644
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oceanus Britannicus (praefectura Franciae)|50]]
| [[Constantia (Francia)|Constantia]]
| [[Constantia (circumdarium)|Constantia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,845
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,142
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oceanus Britannicus (praefectura Franciae)|50]]
| [[Sanctus Laudus]]
| [[Sanctus Laudus (circumdarium)|Sanctus Laudus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103,045
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,277
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|51]]
| [[Durocatalaunum]]
| [[Durocatalaunum (circumdarium)|Durocatalaunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,916
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,612
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|51]]
| [[Sparnacum]]
| [[Sparnacum (circumdarium)|Sparnacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120,269
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,722
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 210
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|51]]
| [[Durocortorum]]
| [[Durocortorum (circumdarium)|Durocortorum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 294,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,432
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 206
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona (praefectura Franciae)|51]]
| [[Vitry-le-François]]
| [[Vitry-le-François (circumdarium)|Vitry-le-François]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46,024
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,402
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona superior|52]]
| [[Calmontium]]
| [[Calmontium (circumdarium)|Calmontium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64,148
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,476
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona superior|52]]
| [[Andematunnum]]
| [[Andematunnum (circumdarium)|Andematunnum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,943
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,163
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Matrona superior|52]]
| [[Sanctus Desiderius (Matrona Superior)|Sanctus Desiderius]]
| [[Sanctus Desiderius (circumdarium)|Sanctus Desiderius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,993
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,571
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana (praefectura Franciae)|53]]
| [[Castrum Gontherii]]
| [[Castrum Gontherii (circumdarium)|Castrum Gontherii]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,769
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,527
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana (praefectura Franciae)|53]]
| [[Vallis Guidonis]]
| [[Vallis Guidonis (circumdarium)|Vallis Guidonis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,937
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 686
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Meduana (praefectura Franciae)|53]]
| [[Meduana (Meduana)|Meduana]]
| [[Meduana (circumdarium)|Meduana]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120,982
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,962
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morta et Mosella|54]]
| [[Briey|Val de Briey]]
| [[Briey (circumdarium)|Briey]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 166,309
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 146
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morta et Mosella|54]]
| [[Lunae Villa]]
| [[Lunae Villa (circumdarium)|Lunae Villa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78,662
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,451
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 164
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morta et Mosella|54]]
| [[Nanceium]]
| [[Nanceium (circumdarium)|Nanceium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 419,699
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,509
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 278
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 188
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morta et Mosella|54]]
| [[Tullum Leucorum|Tulllum]]
| [[Tulllum (circumdarium)|Tulllum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,151
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosa (praefectura Franciae)|55]]
| [[Barrum]]
| [[Barrum (circumdarium)|Barrum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59,980
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,451
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosa (praefectura Franciae)|55]]
| [[Commercy]]
| [[Commercy (circumdarium)|Commercy]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,511
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,932
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosa (praefectura Franciae)|55]]
| [[Virodunum]]
| [[Virodunum (circumdarium)|Virodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,564
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,829
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 254
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morbihanum|56]]
| [[Oriens (urbs Franciae)|Oriens]]
| [[Oriens (circumdarium)|Oriens]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 312,063
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,462
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 214
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morbihanum|56]]
| [[Pontivium]]
| [[Pontivium (circumdarium)|Pontivium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155,521
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Morbihanum|56]]
| [[Dariorigum]]
| [[Dariorigum (circumdarium)|Dariorigum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 279,964
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,416
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 116
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|57]]
| [[Forbach]]
| [[Forbach-Boulay-Moselle (circumdarium)|Forbach-Boulay-Moselle]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 243,054
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,283
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 169
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|57]]
| [[Mettis]]
| [[Mettis (circumdarium)|Mettis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 344,203
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,089
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 316
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 139
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|57]]
| [[Saraburgum]]
| [[Saraburgum et Castrum Salinum (circumdarium)|Saraburgum et Castrum Salinum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,967
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 230
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|57]]
| [[Germunda]]
| [[Germunda (circumdarium)|Germunda]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99,226
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 936
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mosella (praefectura Franciae)|57]]
| [[Theudonevilla]]
| [[Theudonevilla (circumdarium)|Theudonevilla]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 266,506
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 941
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 283
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Niverna (praefectura Franciae)|58]]
| [[Castrum Caninum]]
| [[Castrum Caninum (circumdarium)|Castrum Caninum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,291
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,168
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Niverna (praefectura Franciae)|58]]
| [[Clamiciacum]]
| [[Clamiciacum (circumdarium)|Clamiciacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,364
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,228
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Niverna (praefectura Franciae)|58]]
| [[Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire]]
| [[Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire (circumdarium)|Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,893
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,395
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Niverna (praefectura Franciae)|58]]
| [[Nivernum]]
| [[Nivernum (circumdarium)|Nivernum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115,613
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,025
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Avesnes-sur-Helpe]]
| [[Avesnes-sur-Helpe (circumdarium)|Avesnes-sur-Helpe]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 230,372
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,408
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 164
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Camaracum]]
| [[Camaracum (circumdarium)|Camaracum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 162,045
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 902
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 180
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 116
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Duacum]]
| [[Duacum (circumdarium)|Duacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 245,280
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 477
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 515
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Dunquerca]]
| [[Dunquerca (circumdarium)|Dunquerca]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 377,294
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,443
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 262
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]]
| [[Insulae (circumdarium)|Insulae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,237,472
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 880
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,407
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|59]]
| [[Valencenae]]
| [[Valencenae (circumdarium)|Valencenae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 351,260
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 635
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 553
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oesia (praefectura Franciae)|60]]
| [[Bellovacum]]
| [[Bellovacum (circumdarium)|Bellovacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 229,183
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 245
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oesia (praefectura Franciae)|60]]
| [[Clarus Mons Bellovacorum]]
| [[Clarus Mons (circumdarium)|Clarus Mons]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130,333
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,142
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 114
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 146
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oesia (praefectura Franciae)|60]]
| [[Compendium]]
| [[Compendium (circumdarium)|Compendium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 182,266
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,275
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 156
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Oesia (praefectura Franciae)|60]]
| [[Silvanectum]]
| [[Silvanectum (circumdarium)|Silvanectum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 281,760
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,344
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 210
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|61]]
| [[Alenconium]]
| [[Alenconium (circumdarium)|Alenconium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 86,907
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,549
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|61]]
| [[Argentan]]
| [[Argentan (circumdarium)|Argentan]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110,239
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,904
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|61]]
| [[Mortagne-au-Perche]]
| [[Mortagne-au-Perche (circumdarium)|Mortagne-au-Perche]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88,162
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,651
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Nemetacum]]
| [[Nemetacum (circumdarium)|Nemetacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 248,929
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,245
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 357
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Bethunia]]
| [[Bethunia (circumdarium)|Bethunia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 293,991
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 707
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 416
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Gesoriacum]]
| [[Gesoriacum (circumdarium)|Gesoriacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 159,748
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 634
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 252
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Calesium]]
| [[Calesium (circumdarium)|Calesium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158,492
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 593
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 267
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Lens (Fretum Calisii)|Lens]]
| [[Lens (circumdarium)|Lens]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 367,839
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 352
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,047
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Monasteriolum (Fretum Calisii)|Monasteriolum]]
| [[Monasteriolum (circumdarium)|Monasteriolum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,118
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,327
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 164
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Fretum Gallicum (praefectura Franciae)|62]]
| [[Sanctus Audomarus]]
| [[Sanctus Audomarus (circumdarium)|Sanctus Audomarus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,608
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 813
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 159
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Dumae|63]]
| [[Amberta]]
| [[Amberta (circumdarium)|Amberta]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,606
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,230
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 58
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Dumae|63]]
| [[Claromontium]]
| [[Claromontium (circumdarium)|Claromontium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 354,048
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 913
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 388
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Dumae|63]]
| [[Iciodurum]]
| [[Iciodurum (circumdarium)|Iciodurum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,561
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,268
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Dumae|63]]
| [[Ricomagus]]
| [[Ricomagus (circumdarium)|Ricomagus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135,164
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,705
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Mons Dumae|63]]
| [[Thiernum]]
| [[Thiernum (circumdarium)|Thiernum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,321
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 854
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei Atlantici|64]]
| [[Baiona]]
| [[Baiona (circumdarium)|Baiona]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 293,590
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,268
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 122
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei Atlantici|64]]
| [[Olaro]]
| [[Olaro (circumdarium)|Olaro]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72,504
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,828
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei Atlantici|64]]
| [[Palum (Aquitania)|Palum]]
| [[Palum (circumdarium)|Palum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 307,892
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,549
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 269
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei superiores|65]]
| [[Argelès-Gazost]]
| [[Argelès-Gazost (circumdarium)|Argelès-Gazost]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,002
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,300
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei superiores|65]]
| [[Vicus Aquensis|Aquae Bigerronum]]
| [[Aquae Bigerronum (circumdarium)|Aquae Bigerronum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,866
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,784
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei superiores|65]]
| [[Tarba]]
| [[Tarba (circumdarium)|Tarba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 140,961
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,380
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 212
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei orientales|66]]
| [[Ceretum (Francia)|Ceretum]]
| [[Ceretum (circumdarium)|Ceretum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,464
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,214
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 107
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei orientales|66]]
| [[Perpinianum]]
| [[Perpinianum (circumdarium)|Perpinianum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 285,077
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 721
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 396
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Pyrenaei orientales|66]]
| [[Prata (Pyrenaei Orientales)|Prata]]
| [[Prata (circumdarium)|Prata]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59,828
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,181
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus inferior|67]]
| [[Hagenoa]]
| [[Hagenoa et Vissemburgum (circumdarium)|Hagenoa et Vissemburgum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 240,942
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,425
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 169
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 141
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus inferior|67]]
| [[Molsheim]]
| [[Molsheim (circumdarium)|Molsheim]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103,633
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 771
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus inferior|67]]
| [[Tres Tabernae (Francia)|Tres Tabernae]]
| [[Tres Tabernae (circumdarium)|Tres Tabernae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,960
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,241
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 162
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus inferior|67]]
| [[Selestadium]]
| [[Selestadium et Erstein (circumdarium)|Selestadium et Erstein]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 156,463
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 981
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus inferior|67]]
| [[Argentoratum]]
| [[Argentoratum (circumdarium)|Argentoratum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 491,409
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 338
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,456
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus superior|68]]
| [[Altkirch|Aldechiarcum]]
| [[Aldechiarcum (circumdarium)|Aldechiarcum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,793
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 663
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus superior|68]]
| [[Colmaria]]
| [[Colmaria et Rappolti villa (circumdarium)|Colmaria et Rappolti villa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 211,668
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,248
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus superior|68]]
| [[Mulhusia]]
| [[Mulhusia (circumdarium)|Mulhusia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 351,012
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 707
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 496
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhenus superior|68]]
| [[Thann]]
| [[Thann et Guebwiller (circumdarium)|Thann et Guebwiller]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130,270
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 907
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Metropolis Lugdunensis|69]]
| [[Lugdunum]]
| [[Lugdunum (circumdarium)|Lugdunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,585,411
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,535
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,033
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Rhodanus (praefectura Franciae)|69]]
| [[Villa Franca (Belloiocensis)|Villa Franca]]
| [[Villa Franca (circumdarium)|Villa Franca]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 250,492
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,715 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 146
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar superior|70]]
| [[Luthra]]
| [[Luthra (circumdarium)|Luthra]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,260
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,906
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 193
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar superior|70]]
| [[Vesulum]]
| [[Vesulum (circumdarium)|Vesulum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 127,982
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,454
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 346
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar et Liger|71]]
| [[Augustodunum]]
| [[Augustodunum (circumdarium)|Augustodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 131,392
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,994
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar et Liger|71]]
| [[Cabillonum]]
| [[Cabillonum (circumdarium)|Cabillonum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 156,331
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,485
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 142
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar et Liger|71]]
| [[Quadrigellae]]
| [[Quadrigellae (circumdarium)|Quadrigellae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87,416
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,444
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar et Liger|71]]
| [[Louhans]]
| [[Louhans (circumdarium)|Louhans]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,030
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,430
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Arar et Liger|71]]
| [[Matisco]]
| [[Matisco (circumdarium)|Matisco]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,854
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,222
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sartha (praefectura Franciae)|72]]
| [[Flexia]]
| [[Flexia (circumdarium)|Flexia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 152,008
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,521
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sartha (praefectura Franciae)|72]]
| [[Mamers]]
| [[Mamers (circumdarium)|Mamers]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 152,556
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,905
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 191
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sartha (praefectura Franciae)|72]]
| [[Cenomanum]]
| [[Cenomanum (circumdarium)|Cenomanum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 262,997
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 780
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 337
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|73]]
| [[Oblimum]]
| [[Oblimum (circumdarium)|Oblimum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111,751
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,466
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|73]]
| [[Camberiacum]]
| [[Camberiacum (circumdarium)|Camberiacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 274,839
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,586
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 173
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|73]]
| [[Sanctus Ioannes Maurianensis]]
| [[Sanctus Ioannes Maurianensis (circumdarium)|Sanctus Ioannes Maurianensis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,091
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,976
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia superior|74]]
| [[Annecium]]
| [[Annecium (circumdarium)|Annecium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 282,319
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,262
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 224
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia superior|74]]
| [[Bona Villa (Sabaudia Superior)|Bona Villa]]
| [[Bona Villa (circumdarium)|Bona Villa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 186,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,558
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia superior|74]]
| [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Rhodanus et Alpes)|Sanctus Iulianus]]
| [[Sanctus Iulianus (circumdarium)|Sanctus Iulianus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 186,343
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 660
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sabaudia superior|74]]
| [[Thononum]]
| [[Thononum (circumdarium)|Thononum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 145,809
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 908
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 161
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Lutetia|75]]
| [[Lutetia]]
| [[Lutetia (circumdarium)|Lutetia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,190,327
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,781
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana maritima|76]]
| [[Dieppa]]
| [[Dieppa (circumdarium)|Dieppa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 237,203
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 343
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana maritima|76]]
| [[Portus Gratiae]]
| [[Portus Gratiae (circumdarium)|Portus Gratiae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 387,520
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,221
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 317
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 149
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana maritima|76]]
| [[Rothomagus]]
| [[Rothomagus (circumdarium)|Rothomagus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 631,032
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,936
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 326
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 216
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Matrona|77]]
| [[Fons Bleaudi]]
| [[Fons Bleaudi (circumdarium)|Fons Bleaudi]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 156,193
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,229
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 127
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Matrona|77]]
| [[Meldis]]
| [[Meldis (circumdarium)|Meldis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 343,169
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,354
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 253
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 142
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Matrona|77]]
| [[Melodunum]]
| [[Melodunum (circumdarium)|Melodunum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 278,808
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 617
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 452
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Matrona|77]]
| [[Pruvinum]]
| [[Pruvinum (circumdarium)|Pruvinum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 187,405
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,361
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 176
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Matrona|77]]
| [[Torcy (Sequana et Matrona)|Torcy]]
| [[Torcy (circumdarium)|Torcy]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 432,090
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 355
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,218
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|78]]
| [[Medanta]]
| [[Medanta (circumdarium)|Medanta]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 271,436
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 759
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 358
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|78]]
| [[Rambolitum]]
| [[Rambolitum (circumdarium)|Rambolitum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 228,196
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 987
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 231
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|78]]
| [[Sanctus Germanus in Laia]]
| [[Sanctus Germanus in Laia (circumdarium)|Sanctus Germanus in Laia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 518,220
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 351
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,477
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Evelinae (praefectura Franciae)|78]]
| [[Versaliae]]
| [[Versaliae (circumdarium)|Versaliae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 413,956
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 187
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,211
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Utraque Separis|79]]
| [[Berceorium]]
| [[Berceorium (circumdarium)|Berceorium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,393
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,939
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Utraque Separis|79]]
| [[Niortium]]
| [[Niortium (circumdarium)|Niortium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 199,177
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,445
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Utraque Separis|79]]
| [[Parthiniacum]]
| [[Parthiniacum (circumdarium)|Parthiniacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,173
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,615
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sumina (praefectura Franciae)|80]]
| [[Abbatis Villa]]
| [[Abbatis Villa (circumdarium)|Abbatis Villa]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125,867
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,561
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 164
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sumina (praefectura Franciae)|80]]
| [[Ambianum]]
| [[Ambianum (circumdarium)|Ambianum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 304,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,343
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 291
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sumina (praefectura Franciae)|80]]
| [[Mons Desiderii (Samara)|Mons Desiderii]]
| [[Mons Desiderii (circumdarium)|Mons Desiderii]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,700
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 782
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sumina (praefectura Franciae)|80]]
| [[Perona]]
| [[Perona (circumdarium)|Perona]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 94,895
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,485
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 208
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Tarnis (praefectura Franciae)|81]]
| [[Albia]]
| [[Albia (circumdarium)|Albia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 191,150
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,732
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 163
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Tarnis (praefectura Franciae)|81]]
| [[Castra Albigensium]]
| [[Castra Albigensium (circumdarium)|Castra Albigensium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 195,298
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,026
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Tarnis et Garumna|82]]
| [[Castellum Sarracenum]]
| [[Castellum Sarracenum (circumdarium)|Castellum Sarracenum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,423
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,602
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Tarnis et Garumna|82]]
| [[Mons Albanus (Francia)|Mons Albanus]]
| [[Mons Albanus (circumdarium)|Mons Albanus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 179,474
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,117
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Varus (praefectura Franciae)|83]]
| [[Brignoles]]
| [[Brignoles (circumdarium)|Brignoles]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 181,649
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,518
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Varus (praefectura Franciae)|83]]
| [[Draguignan]]
| [[Draguignan (circumdarium)|Draguignan]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 306,320
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,221
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 138
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Varus (praefectura Franciae)|83]]
| [[Telo Martius]]
| [[Telo Martius (circumdarium)|Telo Martius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 567,852
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,234
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 460
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|84]]
| [[Apta Iulia]]
| [[Apta Iulia (circumdarium)|Apta Iulia]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,793
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,391
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|84]]
| [[Avennio]]
| [[Avennio (circumdarium)|Avennio]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 214,340
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 370
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 580
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|84]]
| [[Carpentoracte]]
| [[Carpentoracte (circumdarium)|Carpentoracte]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 215,881
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,807
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vendea (praefectura Franciae)|85]]
| [[Fontenay-le-Comte]]
| [[Fontenay-le-Comte (circumdarium)|Fontenay-le-Comte]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 141,620
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,316
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vendea (praefectura Franciae)|85]]
| [[Rupes ad Yonem]]
| [[Rupes ad Yonem (circumdarium)|Rupes ad Yonem]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 293,895
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,489
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vendea (praefectura Franciae)|85]]
| [[Les Sables-d'Olonne]]
| [[Les  (circumdarium)Sables-d'Olonne|Les Sables-d'Olonne]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 235,082
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,915
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna (praefectura Franciae)|86]]
| [[Castrum Heraldi]]
| [[Castrum Heraldi (circumdarium)|Castrum Heraldi]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,345
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,983
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna (praefectura Franciae)|86]]
| [[Mons Morillonis]]
| [[Mons Morillonis (circumdarium)|Mons Morillonis]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,025
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,876
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna (praefectura Franciae)|86]]
| [[Pictavium]]
| [[Pictavium (circumdarium)|Pictavium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 259,699
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,132
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 122
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna superior|87]]
| [[Bellac]]
| [[Bellac (circumdarium)|Bellac]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,204
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,780
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna superior|87]]
| [[Augustoritum|Lemovices]]
| [[Lemovices (circumdarium)|Lemovices]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 297,957
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vigenna superior|87]]
| [[Rupes Cavardi]]
| [[Rupes Cavardi (circumdarium)|Rupes Cavardi]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,817
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 795
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|88]]
| [[Spinalium]]
| [[Spinalium (circumdarium)|Spinalium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 204,222
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,598
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 236
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|88]]
| [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]]
| [[Neocastrum (circumdarium)|Neocastrum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53,669
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,817
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 175
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|88]]
| [[Urbs Sancti Deodati]]
| [[Urbs Sancti Deodati (circumdarium)|Urbs Sancti Deodati]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 111,750
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,458
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Icauna (praefectura Franciae)|89]]
| [[Autessiodurum]]
| [[Autessiodurum (circumdarium)|Autessiodurum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165,987
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,432
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 170
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Icauna (praefectura Franciae)|89]]
| [[Aballo]]
| [[Aballo (circumdarium)|Aballo]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,189
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,079
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 135
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Icauna (praefectura Franciae)|89]]
| [[Agedincum Senonum|Senones]]
| [[Senones (circumdarium)|Senones]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 131,368
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,917
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Ager Belfortii|90]]
| [[Belfortium]]
| [[Belfortium (circumdarium)|Belfortium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144,089
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 609
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 236
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Exona (praefectura Franciae)|91]]
| [[Stampae]]
| [[Stampae (circumdarium)|Stampae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 130,464
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 851
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 153
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Exona (praefectura Franciae)|91]]
| [[Avriacum]]
| [[Avriacum (circumdarium)|Avriacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 536,258
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 469
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Exona (praefectura Franciae)|91]]
| [[Palaiseau]]
| [[Palaiseau (circumdarium)|Palaiseau]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 620,608
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 484
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alta Sequanae|92]]
| [[Antogniacum]]
| [[Antogniacum (circumdarium)|Antogniacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 396,552
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,373
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alta Sequanae|92]]
| [[Bononia ad Sequanam]]
| [[Bononia ad Sequanam (circumdarium)|Bononia ad Sequanam]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 318,535
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,729
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Alta Sequanae|92]]
| [[Nemetodurum]]
| [[Nemetodurum (circumdarium)|Nemetodurum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 888,181
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,679
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|93]]
| [[Balbiniacum]]
| [[Balbiniacum (circumdarium)|Balbiniacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 415,958
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,617
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|93]]
| [[Rinsiacum]]
| [[Rinsiacum (circumdarium)|Rinsiacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 755,392
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,049
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Sequana et Sanctus Dionysius|93]]
| [[Sanctus Dionysius (Sequana et Fanum Dionysii)|Sanctus Dionysius]]
| [[Sanctus Dionysius (circumdarium)|Sanctus Dionysius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 435,309
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,184
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Matronae|94]]
| [[Christolium]]
| [[Christolium (circumdarium)|Christolium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 310,758
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,114
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Matronae|94]]
| [[Laiacum]]
| [[Laiacum (circumdarium)|Laiacum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 558 ,539
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,283
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Matronae|94]]
| [[Nogent-sur-Marne]]
| [[Nogent-sur-Marne (circumdarium)|Nogent-sur-Marne]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 508,854
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,033
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Oesiae|95]]
| [[Argentolium]]
| [[Argentolium (circumdarium)|Argentolium]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 412,334
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,796
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Oesiae|95]]
| [[Pontisara]]
| [[Pontisara (circumdarium)|Pontisara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 338,425
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 766
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 442
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Vallis Oesiae|95]]
| [[Sarcellae]]
| [[Sarcellae (circumdarium)|Sarcellae]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 471,164
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 371
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,269
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Guadalupia (praefectura)|971]]
| [[Ima Tellus (Guadalupia)|Ima Tellus]]
| [[Ima Tellus (circumdarium)|Ima Tellus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189,210
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 854
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 222
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Guadalupia (praefectura)|971]]
| [[Petri rostrum]]
| [[Petri rostrum (circumdarium)|Petri rostrum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 204,900
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 774
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 265
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Martinica|972]]
| [[Arx Gallica]]
| [[Arx Gallica (circumdarium)|Arx Gallica]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157,449
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 171
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 921
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Martinica|972]]
| [[Le Marin]]
| [[Le Marin (circumdarium)|Le Marin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 117,168
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 409
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 286
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Martinica|972]]
| [[Urbs Sancti Petri (Martinica)|Sanctus Petrus]]
| [[Sanctus Petrus (circumdarium Martinicae)|Sanctus Petrus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,926
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 210
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Martinica|972]]
| [[Trinitas (Martinica)|Trinitas]]
| [[Trinitas (circumdarium Martinicae)|Trinitas]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78,937
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 338
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 234
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Guiana Francica|973]]
| [[Caienna]]
| [[Caienna (circumdarium)|Caienna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 176,357
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,589
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Guiana Francica|973]]
| [[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni|Sanctus Laurentius ad Maroni]]
| [[Sanctus Laurentius ad Maroni (circumdarium)|Sanctus Laurentius ad Maroni]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,995
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Réunion|974]]
| [[Sanctus Benedictus (Reunio)|Sanctus Benedictus]]
| [[Sanctus Benedictus (circumdarium Reunionis)|Sanctus Benedictus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126,777
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 736
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 172
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Réunion|974]]
| [[Sanctus Dionysius (Reunio)|Sanctus Dionysius]]
| [[Sanctus Dionysius (circumdarium Reunionis)|Sanctus Dionysius]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 204,304
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 288
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 710
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Réunion|974]]
| [[Sanctus Paulus (Reunio)|Sanctus Paulus]]
| [[Sanctus Paulus (circumdarium Reunionis)|Sanctus Paulus]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 214,073
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 537
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 399
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5
|-
| align=&quot;right&quot; | [[Réunion|974]]
| [[Sanctus Petrus (Reunio)|Sanctus Petrus]]
| [[Sanctus Petrus (circumdarium Reunionis)|Sanctus Petrus]] 
 |  align =&quot;right&quot;  |  307 770 
|  align=&quot;right&quot; | 943
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 326
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
|}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Circumdaria Franciae|!]]
[[Categoria:Indices regionum et provinciarum|Francia]]</text>
      <sha1>ezfroi1y8horjiodf2g33wrr4d940tp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Petrus Aegidius de Gennes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>306217</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993585</id>
      <parentid>3756138</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:29:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raippa-Valli</username>
        <id>215417</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993585</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="950" sha1="nopcuuj5mdbtueubfb748glcd6m61en" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes.jpg|thumb|Petrus Aegidius de Gennes (1998).]]

'''Petrus Aegidius de Gennes''' (natus die [[24 Octobris]] [[1932]]; mortuus die [[18 Maii]] [[2007]]) fuit [[physicus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] qui [[superconductrum|superconductris]] et [[crystallum liquidum|crystallis liquidis]] studuit. Anno [[1991]], [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] accepit, ratione studii rerum complicium{{dubsig}} et crystallorum liquidorum.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/summary/ De Praemio Nobeliano Physicae anno 1991.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Alumnus [[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Scholae Normalis Superioris]] [[Lutetia]]e fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexusexterni ==
{{CommuniaCat|Pierre-Gilles de Gennes|Petrum Aegidium de Gennes}}

{{Lifetime|1932|2007|De Gennes, Petrus Aegidius}}
[[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Normalis Superioris (Lutetia)]]
[[Categoria:Physici Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]]</text>
      <sha1>nopcuuj5mdbtueubfb748glcd6m61en</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Somnium Primum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>313301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993541</id>
      <parentid>3855719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T16:04:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-54214-91</username>
        <id>215923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Praesertim quaedam non proprie latino sermone conscripta atque notiones posterioribus temporibus excogitatas quae per alias formulas latine licet vertamus sicuti &quot;fanatismo&quot;, mutavi.</comment>
      <origin>3993541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1988" sha1="kfl501w4bq3p3cbw7cavk2ckyc9ebe0" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus italicus}}
'''''Somnium Primum'''''{{Convertimus}} ([[Hispanice]] ''Primero sueño'') est opus palmare ab [[Ioanna Agnes a Cruce]] compositum, anno [[1692]] editum. Iuxta poetriae testimonium, hoc carmen unum illa delectandi causa composuit. Opus est quod ingenium Sororis Ioannae optime refert: {{Verba Latinizanda|iracundum circa scientias et humanitates, notam heterodoxam quae [[Illuminismus|illuminationem]] praenuntiare potuit}}. Carminis finis, in quo Sol noctem superat, {{Verba Latinizanda|interpretari potuit &quot;animos ira studioque plenos&quot; (quod latine minime &quot;fanaticismum&quot; dicitur) et ex praeiudicio victoriam rationis}}.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Editio nova==
*Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam: El precipicio de Faetón. Nueva edición, estudio filológico y comento de Primero Sueño de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Francofurti et Matriti: Vervuert 1996;  &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;2015.

==Bibliographia==
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. “Refracción e imagen emblemática en el Primero sueño, de sor Juana”, in ''Studi Latinoamericani / Estudios Latinoamericanos'', 4, Universitá di Udine, 2008, pp. 251-282. 
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. &quot;Sor Juana y Nicolás de Cusa&quot;, in ''Hipógrifo. Revista de Literatura y Cultura del Siglo de Oro'', Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), vol. 2, num. 2, 2014, pp. 107-125. 
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. “De la tristitia salutifera a la elocuencia circunspecta: texturas de la simbólica espiritual en el Primero sueño, de sor Juana”, in ''La seducción del texto. Nuevos ensayos sobre retórica y literatura'', Gerardo Ramírez Vidal y Erika Lindig Cisneros (eds.), Mexici, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Clásicos, 2018 (Cuadernos de Bitácora, 36), pp. 45-85.
* Pascual Buxó, José . ''Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: Lectura barroca de la poesía''. Mwxici: Renacimiento, 2006.

[[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]]
[[Categoria:Mexici scripta]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1692]]</text>
      <sha1>kfl501w4bq3p3cbw7cavk2ckyc9ebe0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993546</id>
      <parentid>3993541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T17:29:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3993546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1995" sha1="ezdk1st8pfz8cgfusrlxfna1n408o60" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{ores|Somnium Primum}}{{Convertimus}} ([[Hispanice]] {{Op|lingua=es|Primero sueño}}) est opus palmare a [[Ioanna Agnes a Cruce]] compositum, anno [[1692]] editum. Iuxta poetriae testimonium, hoc carmen unum illa delectandi causa composuit. {{Latinitas dolet|Opus est quod ingenium Sororis Ioannae optime refert: iracundum circa scientias et humanitates, notam heterodoxam quae [[Illuminismus|illuminationem]] praenuntiare potuit}}. Carminis finis, in quo Sol noctem superat, {{Latinitas dolet|interpretari potuit &quot;animos ira studioque plenos&quot; (quod latine minime &quot;fanaticismum&quot; dicitur) et ex praeiudicio victoriam rationis}}.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Editio nova==
*Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam: El precipicio de Faetón. Nueva edición, estudio filológico y comento de Primero Sueño de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Francofurti et Matriti: Vervuert 1996;  &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;2015.

==Bibliographia==
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. “Refracción e imagen emblemática en el Primero sueño, de sor Juana”, in ''Studi Latinoamericani / Estudios Latinoamericanos'', 4, Universitá di Udine, 2008, pp. 251-282. 
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. &quot;Sor Juana y Nicolás de Cusa&quot;, in ''Hipógrifo. Revista de Literatura y Cultura del Siglo de Oro'', Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), vol. 2, num. 2, 2014, pp. 107-125. 
* Olivares Zorrilla, Rocío. “De la tristitia salutifera a la elocuencia circunspecta: texturas de la simbólica espiritual en el Primero sueño, de sor Juana”, in ''La seducción del texto. Nuevos ensayos sobre retórica y literatura'', Gerardo Ramírez Vidal y Erika Lindig Cisneros (eds.), Mexici, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Clásicos, 2018 (Cuadernos de Bitácora, 36), pp. 45-85.
* Pascual Buxó, José . ''Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: Lectura barroca de la poesía''. Mwxici: Renacimiento, 2006.

[[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]]
[[Categoria:Mexici scripta]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1692]]</text>
      <sha1>ezdk1st8pfz8cgfusrlxfna1n408o60</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Pippobuono/Harenarium</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>319751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993510</id>
      <parentid>3993261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:33:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dioecesis Ambianensis */</comment>
      <origin>3993510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8896" sha1="ikax7krz7dze0e22uu5b5m4xerlihtr" xml:space="preserve">= Utilia =
== Ad civitates ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes geographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ad homines ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;* {{CathHierBishop|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes biographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= Formulae episcopi =
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}
{{Capsa navigationis
|formula = Episcopi Blesenses
|titulus = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesenses]]
|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Blois.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis erecta est anno 1697; dissoluta anno 1802, restituta anno 1822.&lt;/small&gt;.
|corpus = [[David Nicolaus Bertier]] &lt;small&gt;(1697-1719)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin]] &lt;small&gt;(1719-1733)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Carolus Henricus Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain]]'' &lt;small&gt;(designatus, sed non consecratus, 1733 seu 1734-1734)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Crussol d'Uzès]] &lt;small&gt;(1734-1753)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Gilbertus de May de Termont]] &lt;small&gt;(1753-1776)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alexander de Lauzières-Thémines]] &lt;small&gt;(1776-(1791)1801)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1817)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Ioannes Franciscus Martinus de Boisville]]'' &lt;small&gt;(administrator apostolicus, 1817-1822)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Franciscus de Sauzin]] &lt;small&gt;(1823-1844)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Maria Augustus Fabre des Essarts]] &lt;small&gt;(1844-1850)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Theophilus Pallu du Parc]] &lt;small&gt;(1850-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Honoratus Laborde]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1907)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alfredus Julius Mélisson]] &lt;small&gt;(1907-1925)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Georgius Audollent]] &lt;small&gt;(1925-1944)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Robin]] &lt;small&gt;(1945-1961)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iosephus Goupy]] &lt;small&gt;(1961-1990)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Cuminal]] &lt;small&gt;(1990-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Mauritius de Germiny]] &lt;small&gt;(1997-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Petrus Batut]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2023)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Bestion]] &lt;small&gt;(2024-)&lt;/small&gt; 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|bloi|Dioecesis Blesensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;no wiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses|!]] &lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;


&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Attributio|fr|Liste des Évêques de Blois|238357871}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= [[Sanctus Iulianus]] =
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{discretiva}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Sancti ==
== Toponyma ==

=== Francia ===

=== Italia ===

== Notae et Fontes ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]]

= [[Dioecesis Ambianensis]] =
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Ambianensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse d'Amiens}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] est. Dioecesis, [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] condita,&lt;ref name=Racinet&gt;{{opus|auctrix=Sabine Racinet|titulus=La christianisation de la région &quot;autour de Compiègne&quot;|annus=2010|mensis=04|dies=03|url=https://histoire-compiegne.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/racinet-christianisation.pdf}} {{ling|Francogallice}}; secundum {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambiensis}} dioecesis saeculo III condita est.&lt;/ref&gt; a [[1822]] cum territorio [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)| praefecturae Samarae]] congruit et suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Remensis]] est.&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|titulus=Ordonnance du Roi qui prescrit la Publication de la Bulle relative à la Circonscription des Diocèses du Royaume|annus=1822|mensis=10|dies=31|contextus=Bulletin des lois du royaume de France|numero=570|pagina=563|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65256062/f607.item}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Amiens cathedral 028.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Nostrae Dominae dicata, [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] sita est. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.amiens.catholique.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens|Dioecesem Ambianensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambianensis}}

&lt;!--{{RC-stipula}}--&gt;
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[:Categoria:Dioecesis Ambianensis]]

= Ad formulam =
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}}
{{Capsa navigationis
| titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e
| formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae
| Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]]
| corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]]
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]]

&lt;!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]]
[[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]]
[[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

= [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] =
Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est.

cf fr.wikipedia 

Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est.

== Fontes ==
Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491.

cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org

&lt;!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--&gt;
[[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]]</text>
      <sha1>ikax7krz7dze0e22uu5b5m4xerlihtr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993513</id>
      <parentid>3993510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:40:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dioecesis Ambianensis */ ventensis</comment>
      <origin>3993513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8892" sha1="aqwukxdkmrlkjt1gcm8u1hcskhpo858" xml:space="preserve">= Utilia =
== Ad civitates ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes geographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ad homines ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;* {{CathHierBishop|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes biographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= Formulae episcopi =
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}
{{Capsa navigationis
|formula = Episcopi Blesenses
|titulus = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesenses]]
|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Blois.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis erecta est anno 1697; dissoluta anno 1802, restituta anno 1822.&lt;/small&gt;.
|corpus = [[David Nicolaus Bertier]] &lt;small&gt;(1697-1719)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin]] &lt;small&gt;(1719-1733)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Carolus Henricus Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain]]'' &lt;small&gt;(designatus, sed non consecratus, 1733 seu 1734-1734)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Crussol d'Uzès]] &lt;small&gt;(1734-1753)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Gilbertus de May de Termont]] &lt;small&gt;(1753-1776)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alexander de Lauzières-Thémines]] &lt;small&gt;(1776-(1791)1801)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1817)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Ioannes Franciscus Martinus de Boisville]]'' &lt;small&gt;(administrator apostolicus, 1817-1822)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Franciscus de Sauzin]] &lt;small&gt;(1823-1844)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Maria Augustus Fabre des Essarts]] &lt;small&gt;(1844-1850)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Theophilus Pallu du Parc]] &lt;small&gt;(1850-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Honoratus Laborde]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1907)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alfredus Julius Mélisson]] &lt;small&gt;(1907-1925)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Georgius Audollent]] &lt;small&gt;(1925-1944)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Robin]] &lt;small&gt;(1945-1961)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iosephus Goupy]] &lt;small&gt;(1961-1990)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Cuminal]] &lt;small&gt;(1990-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Mauritius de Germiny]] &lt;small&gt;(1997-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Petrus Batut]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2023)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Bestion]] &lt;small&gt;(2024-)&lt;/small&gt; 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|bloi|Dioecesis Blesensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;no wiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses|!]] &lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;


&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Attributio|fr|Liste des Évêques de Blois|238357871}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= [[Sanctus Iulianus]] =
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{discretiva}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Sancti ==
== Toponyma ==

=== Francia ===

=== Italia ===

== Notae et Fontes ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]]

= [[Dioecesis Venetensis]] =
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Venetensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Vannes}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] est. Dioecesis, [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] condita,&lt;ref name=Racinet&gt;{{opus|auctrix=Sabine Racinet|titulus=La christianisation de la région &quot;autour de Compiègne&quot;|annus=2010|mensis=04|dies=03|url=https://histoire-compiegne.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/racinet-christianisation.pdf}} {{ling|Francogallice}}; secundum {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambiensis}} dioecesis saeculo III condita est.&lt;/ref&gt; a [[1822]] cum territorio [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)| praefecturae Samarae]] congruit et suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Remensis]] est.&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|titulus=Ordonnance du Roi qui prescrit la Publication de la Bulle relative à la Circonscription des Diocèses du Royaume|annus=1822|mensis=10|dies=31|contextus=Bulletin des lois du royaume de France|numero=570|pagina=563|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65256062/f607.item}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Amiens cathedral 028.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Nostrae Dominae dicata, [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] sita est. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.amiens.catholique.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Vannes|Dioecesem Venetensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|vann|Dioecesis Venetensis}}

&lt;!--{{RC-stipula}}--&gt;
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[:Categoria:Dioecesis Venetensis]]

= Ad formulam =
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}}
{{Capsa navigationis
| titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e
| formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae
| Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]]
| corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]]
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]]

&lt;!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]]
[[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]]
[[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

= [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] =
Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est.

cf fr.wikipedia 

Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est.

== Fontes ==
Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491.

cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org

&lt;!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--&gt;
[[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]]</text>
      <sha1>aqwukxdkmrlkjt1gcm8u1hcskhpo858</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993514</id>
      <parentid>3993513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:40:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */ situs</comment>
      <origin>3993514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8892" sha1="8tl4rpdweniy3d1nhuxxdl0t8fpa9bk" xml:space="preserve">= Utilia =
== Ad civitates ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes geographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ad homines ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;* {{CathHierBishop|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes biographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= Formulae episcopi =
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}
{{Capsa navigationis
|formula = Episcopi Blesenses
|titulus = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesenses]]
|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Blois.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis erecta est anno 1697; dissoluta anno 1802, restituta anno 1822.&lt;/small&gt;.
|corpus = [[David Nicolaus Bertier]] &lt;small&gt;(1697-1719)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin]] &lt;small&gt;(1719-1733)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Carolus Henricus Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain]]'' &lt;small&gt;(designatus, sed non consecratus, 1733 seu 1734-1734)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Crussol d'Uzès]] &lt;small&gt;(1734-1753)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Gilbertus de May de Termont]] &lt;small&gt;(1753-1776)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alexander de Lauzières-Thémines]] &lt;small&gt;(1776-(1791)1801)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1817)&lt;/small&gt; • ''[[Ioannes Franciscus Martinus de Boisville]]'' &lt;small&gt;(administrator apostolicus, 1817-1822)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Franciscus de Sauzin]] &lt;small&gt;(1823-1844)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Maria Augustus Fabre des Essarts]] &lt;small&gt;(1844-1850)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Theophilus Pallu du Parc]] &lt;small&gt;(1850-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Honoratus Laborde]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1907)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Alfredus Julius Mélisson]] &lt;small&gt;(1907-1925)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Georgius Audollent]] &lt;small&gt;(1925-1944)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Robin]] &lt;small&gt;(1945-1961)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iosephus Goupy]] &lt;small&gt;(1961-1990)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Cuminal]] &lt;small&gt;(1990-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Mauritius de Germiny]] &lt;small&gt;(1997-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Petrus Batut]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2023)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Bestion]] &lt;small&gt;(2024-)&lt;/small&gt; 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|bloi|Dioecesis Blesensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;no wiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses|!]] &lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;


&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Attributio|fr|Liste des Évêques de Blois|238357871}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= [[Sanctus Iulianus]] =
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{discretiva}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Sancti ==
== Toponyma ==

=== Francia ===

=== Italia ===

== Notae et Fontes ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]]

= [[Dioecesis Venetensis]] =
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Venetensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Vannes}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] est. Dioecesis, [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] condita,&lt;ref name=Racinet&gt;{{opus|auctrix=Sabine Racinet|titulus=La christianisation de la région &quot;autour de Compiègne&quot;|annus=2010|mensis=04|dies=03|url=https://histoire-compiegne.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/racinet-christianisation.pdf}} {{ling|Francogallice}}; secundum {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambiensis}} dioecesis saeculo III condita est.&lt;/ref&gt; a [[1822]] cum territorio [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)| praefecturae Samarae]] congruit et suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Remensis]] est.&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|titulus=Ordonnance du Roi qui prescrit la Publication de la Bulle relative à la Circonscription des Diocèses du Royaume|annus=1822|mensis=10|dies=31|contextus=Bulletin des lois du royaume de France|numero=570|pagina=563|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65256062/f607.item}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Amiens cathedral 028.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Nostrae Dominae dicata, [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] sita est. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.vannes.catholique.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Vannes|Dioecesem Venetensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|vann|Dioecesis Venetensis}}

&lt;!--{{RC-stipula}}--&gt;
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[:Categoria:Dioecesis Venetensis]]

= Ad formulam =
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}}
{{Capsa navigationis
| titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e
| formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae
| Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]]
| corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]]
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]]

&lt;!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]]
[[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]]
[[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

= [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] =
Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est.

cf fr.wikipedia 

Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est.

== Fontes ==
Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491.

cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org

&lt;!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--&gt;
[[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]]</text>
      <sha1>8tl4rpdweniy3d1nhuxxdl0t8fpa9bk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>322505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993623</id>
      <parentid>3993091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>62628</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ nova pars</comment>
      <origin>3993623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="238956" sha1="pab5hu8mfedapwx1f10frtszojfx22y" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;nowiki /&gt;[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1=
Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet.

Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]].
}}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-03&lt;/span&gt; ==
{{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29907192 --&gt;

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
{{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}
Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.

'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29879549 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;
;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:
* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:
# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=29228188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29943403 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29905753 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-05&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29969530 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-06&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30026671 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-08&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30086330 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30119102 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-10&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30137798 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-11&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-12&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30260505 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30268305 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30329462 --&gt;

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30362761 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-16&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30380527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-17&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30432763 --&gt;

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==
&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-18&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30458046 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30498077 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30524429 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30539262 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-22&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30584502 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30613639 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30650573 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use &lt;code&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from thumbnail previews, or &lt;code&gt;class=noviewer&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. 
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class=&quot;wikitable&quot;|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-sort-order=&quot;desc&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
* Wikis that wish to replace the &quot;indefinitely&quot; button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
* The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited.
* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4).
* Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30689604 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902]
* Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to &quot;require CAPTCHA verification&quot; will begin to also affect users with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595]
* Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox].
* The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:04, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30722494 --&gt;

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=30731267 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to &quot;Create account&quot; and &quot;Log in&quot; actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220]
* After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292]
* An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:47, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30744833 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;src&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute and SVG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;srcset&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute.
* The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:56, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30773578 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis.
* The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778]
* To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:10, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30804401 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, &quot;media-limit-reached&quot;, will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:45, 21 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30836091 --&gt;

== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==
&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-31&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:48, 27 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30856308 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-32&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:45, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30872536 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 10 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30901051 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:02, 17 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30922806 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 24 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30961208 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 31 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30990659 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the &quot;[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]&quot; option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback.
* The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&amp;sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&amp;project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549]
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:0&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704]
*  All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option, as gadgets are always loaded through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ResourceLoader&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:43, 7 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31008437 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-38&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]].
* The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a &quot;read more&quot; button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks.
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:30, 14 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31039826 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

* Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;

== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=31067455 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-39&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551]
* For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|&quot;Suggestion mode&quot; Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing &quot;experimental&quot; edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]].
* The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe.
* A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]].
* The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;abusefilters&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;formatversion=2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;abusefilters&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:55, 27 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31085309 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-40&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013]
* Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769]
* An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058]

* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]].
* Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Draft:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]].
* A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section.
* New magic words &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].  For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual.
* On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:48, 28 Septembris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31092225 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-41&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations.
* Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading.
* Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847]
* Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. 
* A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{projectName}/api/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{projectName}/w/rest.php/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:51, 5 Octobris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=31098825 --&gt;

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 09:28, 9 Octobris 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=31142775 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pab5hu8mfedapwx1f10frtszojfx22y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index Carminum Buranorum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>323521</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993606</id>
      <parentid>3990376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:41:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nomen paginae mutatum est</comment>
      <origin>3993606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91374" sha1="3kjyj1jl2chutb3wd15sx0vh8ssk3hf" xml:space="preserve">{{Main|Carmina Burana}}

{{Op|[[Carmina Burana]]}} sunt collectio poematum medii aevi, saeculis XI usque ad XIII exaratorum, in codice manu scripto servata qui in [[Abbatia Benedictoburana]] in [[Bavaria]] repertus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;schmeller-1847&quot;&gt;{{qc|Schmeller, 1847}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Codex ille, maxima ex parte Latine scriptus, sed nonnullis versibus [[Theodisca alta media|Theodisce]] et [[Lingua Francogallica antiqua|Gallice antique]] interpositis, plus quam trecentas compositiones saeculares continet, quae res amatorias, morales, satiricas necnon potatorias tractant.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hic {{res|index Carminum Buranorum}} singula carmina secundum editionem criticam a [[Iohannes Andreas Schmeller|Iohanne Andrea Schmeller]] anno 1847 curatam digerit. Subter enumerantur carmina omnia quae in codice archetypo inveniuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;schmeller-1847&quot; /&gt;

== Index ==
=== Carmina moralia et satirica (1–55) ===
Prima haec codicis pars carmina argumenti moralis ac satirici fovet, quae societatem medii aevi acri iudicio perstringunt. Poetae, saepenumero clerici spe deiecti aut [[scholares vagantes]], in avaritiam, corruptelam ecclesiasticam, iniquitates sociales et morum de pravationem invehuntur. Ironia ac sarcasmus sunt praecipua criticae instrumenta ad hiatum demonstrandum inter Christiana instituta et aetatis illius usum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deavaritia1-25&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De avaritia 1-25
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-correctione-hominum-26-28&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De conversione hominum 29-32
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De cruce signatis 46-55
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo5.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''De avaritia'' (1–25): Haec carmina in cupiditatem pecuniae incumbunt, quae inter gravissima vitia medii aevi habebatur. Effusa opum cumulatio, tam apud laicos quam apud clericos, mordaci stilo exagitatur, eorum hypocrisi patefacta qui paupertatem praedicant sed laute vivunt.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
* ''De correctione hominum'' (26–28): Hic de necessitate emendandi mores agitur. Poematibus lectores ad meditationem et ad virtutem revocantur, tono inter severitatem et admonitionem facetam variante.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-correctione-hominum-26-28&quot; /&gt;
* ''De conversione hominum'' (29–32): Scriptores hic ad resipiscentiam hortantur, ut homines vitam mutent et ad iter rectum revertantur. Textus urgenti spiritu pervaduntur, monentes de periculis corruptionis ac peccati.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot; /&gt;
* ''De ammonitione praelatorum'' (33–45): Hi versus directe ad ecclesiae principes vertuntur, eos corruptionis ac simulationis incusantes. Censura est vehemens: Ecclesiam a primordiis suis descivisse arguit, praesertim simoniam, luxuriam et abusionem potestatis ecclesiasticae impugnans.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
* ''De cruce signatis'' (46–55): Haec sectio ad bellatores sacros spectat, eorum et proposita et vitia describens. Continentur tum exhortationes ad bellum sacrum, tum querelae de saevitia et de minus nobilibus causis quae multos ad Terram Sanctam impulerunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Codex !! Titulus !! Auctor !! Lingua !! Argumentum
|-
| CB 1 || {{Op|[[Manus ferens munera]]}}|| ― || [[Latinitas|Latina]] || 
Pecunia vis corruptrix depingitur, quae iudicia, leges et ordinem socialem pervertit, divitibus favens et pauperes neglegens. Iustitia rationibus oeconomicis omnino subicitur.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 2 || {{Op|[[Responde, qui tanta cupis]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Reflexio de insatiabilitate humana et avaritia, symbolice expressa per infinitam divitiarum appetitionem, quae numquam veram beatitudinem affert.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 3 || {{Op|[[Ecce torpet probitas]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]] || Latina || 
Virtute oppressa, avaritia in mentibus hominum dominatur. Carmen integritatem cum corruptione comparat atque inanem gloriae speciem ex opibus ortam denudat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 4 || {{Op|[[Amaris stupens casibus]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Acre iudicium in Ecclesiam: vituperantur deminutio spiritalis, simonia et falsa caritas. Corruptio institutorum ecclesiasticorum et a vera fide secessio argumenta primaria sunt.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 5 || {{Op|[[Flete flenda]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Carmen de virtutum occasu, debilium oppressione et tyrannorum potentia disserit, corruptionem in omnes partes vitae socialis penetrantem arguens.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 6 || {{Op|[[Florebat olim studium]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Investigatio de neglectu studiorum verorum pro rebus levibus. Carmen scientiam superficiariam et sapientiae genuinae amissionem condemnat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 7 || {{Op|[[Postquam nobilitas]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Meditatio de vera nobilitate, quae non genere sed virtute et morum integritate definitur, nobilitati degeneri opposita.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 8 || {{Op|[[Licet eger cum egrotis]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]]|| Latina || 
Invectiva in cleri corruptionem: reprehenduntur sacerdotes et Levitae qui res spiritales vendunt et rectam vivendi normam abiciunt.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 9 || {{Op|[[Iudas gehennam meruit]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Iudas ut proditionis symbolum exhibetur; comparatio instituitur inter eius scelus et pravas consuetudines aetatis auctoris, praesertim in rebus spiritalibus mercandis.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 10 || {{Op|[[Ecce sonat in aperto]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Denuntiatio mortis spiritalis praelatorum et ignorantiae virtutum Christianarum. Simonia ut vis perniciosa personatur, quae totam Ecclesiam pervadit.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 11 || {{Op|[[In terra summus]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
De vi pecuniae corrumptrice disserit, quae non modo homines sed etiam instituta religiosa et politica depravat veritatemque pervertit.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 12 || {{Op|[[Procurans odium]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
De natura odii et aemulationis: demonstratur quomodo simultas magis ipsi odienti quam invisum petenti noceat, ad solum dolorem ducens.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 13 || {{Op|[[Invidus invidia]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Invidia describitur tamquam passio perniciosa quae animum exedit et tam invidum quam obiectum invidiae pessum dat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 14 || {{Op|[[O varium Fortune]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
De varietate et inconstantia Fortunae, quae mobilitatem vitae humanae et inanitatem ambitionis mundanae commonstrat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 15 || {{Op|[[Celum, non animum]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Sententia stoica qua docetur animum fortem externis mutationibus non moveri; virtus in constantia morum posita est.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 16 || {{Op|[[Fortune plango vulnera]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Planctus de mutabilitate fati, quod nullo praemonitu vitam hominum aut evehit aut funditus delet.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 17 || {{Op|[[O Fortuna]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Invocatio de immanitate Fortunae rotantis, cuius vis fatalis et inevitabilis genus humanum subicit.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 18 || {{Op|[[O Fortuna levis]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Fortuna levis describitur quae summos deicit et humiles erigit, instabilitatem ordinis socialis manifestans.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 18a || {{Op|[[Regnabo; regno; regnavi; sum sine regno]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Meditatio de brevitate potentiae politicae et de cursu honorum, qui ad ultimum in nihilum recidunt.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 19 || {{Op|[[Fas et nefas ambulant]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]]|| Latina ||
Comparatio inter virtutem et vitium; avaritia condemnatur dum liberalitas tamquam ideale morale extollitur.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 20 || {{Op|[[Est modus in verbis]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
De virtute in medio posita: exhortatio ad temperantiam et moderationem, ne excessus ad ruinam ducat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 21 || {{Op|[[Veritas veritatum]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
De veritate divina tractat, quae homines a peccato fraudibusque custodit; salus per solam fidem assequenda effertur.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 22 || {{Op|[[Homo, quo vigeas vide!]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
Ad renovationem morum ac fiduciam hortatio, qua salus e virtutum cultu pendere demonstratur.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 23 || {{Op|[[Vide, qui nosti litteras]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Gravis admonitio de institutione morali spiritalique; docet vitam praeceptis ipsius magistri congruere debere.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 24 || {{Op|[[Iste mundus furibundus]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Mundanas fallacias reprehendit atque ad aeterna bona spiritalia sectanda incitat.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 25 || {{Op|[[Vivere sub meta]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Consideratio de vita secundum legem moralem degenda; contra vitam sine consilio ac ratione praecipitatam monet.&lt;ref name=Deavaritia1-25 /&gt;
|-
| CB 26 || {{Op|[[Ad cor tuum revertere]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
Hortatio ad introspectionem paenitentiamque. Vita humana fragilis peccatoque obnoxia describitur, dum animae purificatio ante iudicium divinum suadetur. Metaphorae biblicae vestimenti nuptialis et virginum fatuarum adhibentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-correctione-hominum-26-28&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 27 || {{Op|[[Bonum est confidere]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
Docet in Deo potius quam in opibus aut potentia saeculari confidendum esse. Carmen laborem probum cum corruptela comparat et discrimen iustorum ab impiis in die iudicii describit.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-correctione-hominum-26-28&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 28 || {{Op|[[Laudat rite deum]]}}|| [[Otloh Ratisbonensis]]|| Latina ||
Sententiae morales quae ad sinceram Dei laudem, mentis puritatem atque assiduum conatum spiritalem animum impellunt. Monet ne conversio differatur, ne neglegentia ad ruinam trahat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-correctione-hominum-26-28&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 29 || {{Op|[[In lacu miserie]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina ||
Commonitorium ad &quot;Pamphilum&quot;, typum iuventutis vitiis deditae. Peccatum Hydrae comparatur, quae vires inter pugnam recipit; fuga una salus proponitur, exemplo Iosephi et uxoris Putipharis memorato.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 30 || {{Op|[[Dum iuventus floruit]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina ||
Meditatio de temporis lapsu morumque mutatione. Dum iuventus voluptatibus indulget, senectus frenos imponit. Carmen desiderio conversionis moralis clauditur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 31 || {{Op|[[Vite perdite]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || 
Confessio de vitiis moralibus, ex parabola [[Filius prodigus|Filii Prodigi]] hausta. Exemplis biblicis, mythologicis historicisque demonstratur veram sapientiam in peccati reiectione et in divina gratia sitam esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 32 || {{Op|[[Cur homo torquetur]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Carmen sub specie dialogi catechetici structum, quod quinque rationes theologicas doloris humani enumerat, inter quas humilitas, meritum, expiatio et iustitia divina. Salus tandem per solam Dei gratiam obvenit.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-conversione-hominum-29-32&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 33 || {{Op|[[Non te lusisse pudeat]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || 
Adhortatio moralis ad clericum missa, qua sobrietas, iustitia, humilitas et eleemosyna erga pauperes suadentur, dum avaritia et corruptio ecclesiastica damnantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 34 || {{Op|[[Deduc Sion uberrimas]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina || 
Planctus de morum declinatione Ecclesiae. Pastores in oppressores mutati sunt, caritate evanida; iustitia divina invocatur ad puritatem spiritualem restituendam.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 35 || {{Op|[[Magnus, maior, maximus]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Consideratio de ordinibus socialibus eorumque instabilitate. Quo maior potestas, eo gravius officium: praelati monentur ne in vitia labantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 36 || {{Op|[[Nulli beneficium]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Docetur veram paenitentiam corde contrito, non sola confessione, constare. Potentes hortantur ad iuste iudicandum, vitia frenanda et debiles cum humilitate iuvandos.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 37 || {{Op|[[In Gedeonis area]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Invectiva in corruptionem institutorum religiosorum. Vita monastica, olim orationi dedita, nunc ambitione et discordiis internis foedatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 38 || {{Op|[[Doctrinae verba paucis]]}}|| [[Otloh Ratisbonensis]]|| Latina || 
Brevis consideratio qua affirmatur scientiam sine usu inanem esse, et ignorantiam ad tenebras spirituales ducere.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 39 || {{Op|[[In huius mundi patria]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Severa vituperatio societatis mediaevalis et simoniae clericalis, ubi hypocrisis moralis et institutorum labes depinguntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 39a || {{Op|[[In huius mundi domo]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Commonitio de mortalitate humana et de vanitate rerum terrestrium; sola anima pretium aeternum habet.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 39b || {{Op|[[Cum vadis ad altare]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Adhortatio qua sacerdotes urgentur ad puritatem spiritalem ante Missae celebrationem assequendam.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 40 || {{Op|[[Quicquid habes meriti]]}}|| ― || Latina || 
Collectio sententiarum moralium quae gratiam divinam ut fontem meriti extollit, necnon valorem moralem moderationis et gaudii effert.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 41 || {{Op|[[Propter Sion non tacebo]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]]|| Latina || Planctus de morum lapsu Urbis et Ecclesiae. Cardinales ac praelati praedonibus comparantur, dum sedes apostolica mari procelloso ac turnido, avaritia corrupto, adsimulatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 42 || {{Op|[[Utar contra vitia]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]]|| Latina || Acris satira in hypocrisim corruptionemque Romanam, ubi nummi iustitiam fasque regere dicuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 43 || {{Op|[[Roma, tue mentis oblita sanitate]]}}|| ― || Latina || De spirituali Romae interitu, simonia atque avaritia obsessae; auctor paenitentiam suadet antequam divina ultio superveniat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 44 || {{Op|[[In illo tempore]]}}|| ― || Latina || Parodia evangelica qua Curiae Romanae vitia nudaris; illic opes aditum, curationem iustitiamque praestant.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 45 || {{Op|[[Roma tenens morem]]}}|| ― || Latina || In avaritiam curialem invectio, qua affirmatur nihil sine pretio concedi. Sententia nota statum rei summarium facit: „Curia Romana non petit oves sine lana”.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 46 || {{Op|[[Fides cum Ydolatria]]}}|| ― || Latina || Meditationes biblicae de fide, idololatria et conversione; auxilium divinum invocatur in eos qui signo crucis muniuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 47 || {{Op|[[Crucifigat omnes]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus de Hierosolymae amissione et Sepulcri violatione; Christiani ad fidem armis defendendam incitantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 47a || {{Op|[[Curritur ad vocem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Derisio satyrica in cupiditatem tam clericalem quam civilem, ubi virtus lucro postponitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 48 || {{Op|[[Quod spiritu David precinuit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Divina iustitia contra Saracenos imploratur, ex Psalmo LXVII et imaginibus biblicis ad regnum Christianum restituendum hauriens.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 48a || {{Op|[[Horstu, uriunt, den wahter an der cinne]]}}|| [[Otto von Botenlauben]]|| [[Lingua Theodisca alta media|Theodisca]] || Fragmentum lyricum de amantibus sub auroram digredientibus (quod carmen *Tagelied* dicitur).&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 49 || {{Op|[[Tonat evangelica clara vox in mundo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adhortatio ad paenitentiam et conversionem ante Diem Iudicii, mundanis temptationibus spretis.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 50 || {{Op|[[Heu, voce flebili cogor enarrare]]}}|| ― || Latina || Narratio de clade cruce signatorum anno MCLXXXVII accepta, de captivitate regis Hierosolymitani et supplicio Templariorum.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 51 || {{Op|[[Debacchatur mundus pomo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus de lapsu generis humani in peccatum, exemplis biblicis ac sono apocalyptico de corruptela morum monens.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 51a || {{Op|[[Imperator rex Grecorum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus martialis in laudem Imperatoris Byzantini et Amalrici I regis Hierosolymitani ob expeditiones in Saracenos susceptas.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 52 || {{Op|[[Nomen a solemnibus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen gratulatorium in honorem Abbatiae Solesmensis et ad vitam monasticam celebrandam.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 53 || {{Op|[[Anno Christi incarnationis]]}}|| ― || Latina || De unitate Ecclesiae post schisma restituta; auctor auctoritatem pontificiam et iubilaeum velut purgationis gaudiique momentum extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 53a || {{Op|[[Passeres illos, qui transmigrant supra montes]]}}|| ― || Latina || [[Alexander III (papa)|Alexander III]] velut venator spiritualis fingitur, qui hostes fidei gratia divina superat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 54 || {{Op|[[Omne genus demoniorum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen exorcisticum, quo potestas divina et sacra symbola ad demones fugandos adhibentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 55 || {{Op|[[Amara tanta tyri]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen obscurum atque intellectu perdifficile propter verba inusitata et dicendi genus aenigmaticum.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-cruce-signatis-46-55&quot; /&gt;
|}

===Carmina amatoria (56–186)===
Haec sectio poemata amatoria colligit, quorum multa lyricam aulicam redolent, sed vi quadam sensuali ac carnali praedita. Amor variis sub speciebus describitur: a furore passionis usque ad desiderium corporale, a laetitia ad cruciatum. Poetae non modo amorem in ratiocinativam formam redigunt, sed etiam terrestres et humanas eius facies explorant.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71-87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 88-100
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam3.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 101-122a
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam4.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 155-186
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam6.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 56–70: Prima carmina amorem iuvenilem celebrant, saepius in verno tempore posita, ubi rerum naturae renovatio scaenam praebet passioni exorienti.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
* 71–87: Hic argumentum evolvitur amoris velut ludi et certaminis inter viros ac mulieres, interdum sonis amicis ac iocosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
* 88–100: Inveniuntur hic poemata quae desiderium et voluptates carnis extollunt, verbis interdum magis nudis et audacibus quam in superioribus partibus.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
* 101–122a: Haec carmina tristiorem amoris faciem explorant: perfidiam, desiderium absentis et dolores ex amatae separatione ortos.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
* 123–154: Amor aulicus cum vitae cotidianae veritate miscetur; versus narrant de conventibus occultis et de amoribus vetitis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
* 155–186: Ultima pars huius sectionis in amorem intendit ut in rem quae totum hominem complectitur, ad summam felicitatem aut ad extremum exitium perducere valentem.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Codex CB !! Titulus !! Auctor !! Lingua !! Descriptio
|-
| CB 56 || {{Op|[[Ianus annum circinat]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus amori vernali dicatus. Tempus in orbem rediens anni vices designat, dum amor omnia vincit. Poeta mulierem divina specie, ceteris antecellantem, depingit; cuius amore etsi cruciatur, summum tamen capit gaudium. Venerem Cupidinemque ad auxilium invocat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 57 || {{Op|[[Bruma, veris emula]]}}|| ― || Latina || Comparatio inter hiemem et veris initium: natura revirescente, elementa amore copulantur. Hymenaeus, nuptiarum praeses, concordiam servat. Carmen Proserpinae mythum viresque cosmicas revolvit; Sol in Piscibus abundatiam commutationemque significat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 58 || {{Op|[[Iam ver oritur]]}}|| ― || Latina || Veris adventus avium concentu celebratur, inter quas philomena Terei et Philomelae fabulam renovat. Di creaturaeque mythologicae ad festas choreas conveniunt. Avium agmen symbolice describitur, dum mundi harmonia laetitiam ac temporis felicis reditum nuntiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 59 || {{Op|[[Ecce, chorus virginum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Virginum coetus in convalle florida ad Venerem colendam congregatur. In idyllico rure, avibus canentibus, de amore casto ac passionali disputatur, eo consilio ut amor purus felicior iudicetur. Pulchritudinis et gaudii amatorii celebratio argumentum est praecipuum.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 60 || {{Op|[[Captus amore gravi]]}}|| ― || Latina || Elegia amatoria in qua poeta, se avi captivae comparans, ob repudiatum amorem dolet. Passio in aegritudinem vertitur, dum mulier perfidiae accusatur. Poeta, se proditum sentiens, auxilium Veneris ad dolorem superandum implorat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 60a || {{Op|[[Cupido mentem gyrat]]}}|| ― || Latina || Ode ad amorem carnalem ac libidinem pertinens. Cupido amantis cor exagitat, qui puellae basia exspectat. Virginis species stellis matutinis comparatur; auctor voluptatis amatoriae fruitionem expetit, Venerem ut laetitiae fontem extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 61 || {{Op|[[Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen devotionis plenum. Poeta, a Musis instinctus, mulierem eximia pulchritudine laudat. Quae etsi felicitatem affert, dubia tamen amantis mens angitur. Fortunam precatur ut sibi faveat, aeternum cum amata foedus exoptans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 62 || {{Op|[[Dum Diane vitrea]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus somno dicatus, qui amori arcte iungitur. Somnus ut curarum remedium et post amatorios labores dulce perfugium describitur. Morpheus invocatur inter naturae sonitus soporiferos. Transitus a voluptate ad quietem ac vicissim ut naturalis cyclus habetur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 63 || {{Op|[[Olim sudor Herculis]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Meditatio de vi amoris, quae famam virtutemque obumbrare valet. Herculis labores adversus monstra cum amantis clade coram muliebri illecebra comparantur. Amor hic ut sors apparet quae decus eripit, sed effugere non sinit. Textus resistentiam in Venerem et fugam e dominatione eius proclamat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 64 || {{Op|[[Prima Cleonei tolerata]]}}|| [[Ausonius]]|| Latina || Poeticum catalogum continet duodecim Herculis laborum, ab interfectione Leonis Nemeaei usque ad Cerberum ab inferis abstractum, difficultatem gloriamque herois efferens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 65 || {{Op|[[Quocumque more motu]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen aenigmaticum astronomicis mythologicisque indiciis refertum. Caelestibus phaenomenis memoratis, imago Veneris et Paridis cum muliebri specie miscetur. Amans inter spem et metum dubius haeret, incertus qua via procedat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 66 || {{Op|[[Acteon, Lampos, Erythreus et Philogeus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Descriptio poëtica quattuor partium diei, nominibus graecis adhibitis: Acteon auroram, Lampos mane lucidum, Erythreus meridiem ferventem, Philogeus denique occasum designat. Carmen solis cursum mundique vicissitudines celebrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 67 || {{Op|[[A globo veteri]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Laus pulchritudinis muliebris: puella perfecta a Natura fingitur. Harmonia corporis et risûs potentia celebrantur; carmen desinit in descriptionem desiderii quo amans devincitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 68 || {{Op|[[Saturni sidus lividum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus in veris adventum et amorem. Natura resurgens passionem renovat; Zephyrus suavitatis nuntius apparet, dum spinae et flores voluptatem doloremque amantium significant. Osculi desiderium exprimitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 69 || {{Op|[[Estas in exilium]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hiems maestitiaque cum caloris vitalitate comparantur. Quamvis gelu et silentio avium circumdata, mens amantis in calore carminis refugium invenit. Poeta amatae formam basiaque describit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 70 || {{Op|[[Estatis florigero tempore]]}}|| ― || Latina || Dialogus inter amantem et puellam. Ille desiderium confitetur, haec autem prudentia et dubitatione resistit. Tandem puella cedit et amoris triumphus super obstacula celebratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-56-70&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 71 || {{Op|[[Axe Phebus aureo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Renovatio verna per imagines Phoebi et Florae descripta. Cupidineus ardor animos inflammat, sed simul apparet angor amantis inter spem et metum, invitationem et repulsam divisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 72 || {{Op|[[Grates ago Veneri]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Poeta Veneri gratias agit ob victoriam de virgine partam. Post longum dolorem amans &quot;trophaeum&quot; suum capit; puellae haesitatio et lacrimae cum victoris impetu et gaudio opponuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 73 || {{Op|[[Clauso Cronos]]}}|| ― || Latina || De vi veris in homines deosque mythologicos. Temporis renovatio stimulos venereos et vetita desideria excitat. Poeta de interno cruciatu loquitur, secundum thema curiale quo &quot;nitimur in vetitum&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 74 || {{Op|[[Letabundus rediit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen de natura renascente et iuventutis laetitia. Veris descriptio per flores, avium cantus atque nympharum satyrorumque choreas fit. Invitatio ad voluptates ante senectutis adventum.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 75 || {{Op|[[Omittamus studia]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adhortatio ad studia relinquenda ut iuvenes deliciis fruantur, tempore celeriter fugiente. Gravitas aetatis provectae vituperatur, dum naturae instinctus ad ludum et amorem extollitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 76 || {{Op|[[Dum caupona verterem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Narratio prima persona facta: iuvenis quidam, postquam in taberna bibit, ad Veneris templum pervenit. Colloquio cum muliere habito, deam ipsam convenit; sed post voluptatem sequitur egestas, unde moralis conclusio de sumptu libidinis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 77 || {{Op|[[Si linguis angelicis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen indolis spiritalis et philosophicae: poëta de amore eisque vi cogitat, quem cum mystica experientia comparat. Mulier idealis stellae lucidae similis describitur, dum cruciatus amoris fieri non potentis vel non redamati narratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 78 || {{Op|[[Anni novi rediit novitas]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen reditum veris hiemisque finem celebrat. Poëta amore puellae torquetur: Venus eum sagittis vulneravit, Cupido autem desiderium incendit. Auctor basium amatae exoptat atque ut corda amborum unum fiant precatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 79 || {{Op|[[Estivali sub fervore]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poëta, dum sub arbore in prato quiescit, puellam pastoriam eximia pulchritudine invenit. Se non praedatorem sed amatorem profitens, ei sese offert, formam puellae Florae ipsi anteponens. Illa autem blandimentis resistit, severitatem parentum iramque matris timens, vatemque ut desistat hortatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 80 || {{Op|[[Estivali gaudio]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen gaudia aestiva ac naturae renascentis vigorem canit. Venus ad amorem impellit, dum iuvenum chori laetantur. Prata floribus ornantur et inter amantes laetitia diffunditur. Versiculi intercalares amorem communicatum celebrant hiememque fugatam nuntiant.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 81 || {{Op|[[Solis iubar nituit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen reditum solis verisque celebrat. Natura resurgit et ubique laetitia percrebrescit. Versus intercalaris omnes ad cantandum saltandumque invitat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 82 || {{Op|[[Frigus hinc est horridum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen hiemem rigidam cum vere florido comparat. Terra fertilis redditur floribusque repletur. Auctor amorem extollit, asseverans clericos virgines melius quam milites amare scire. Milites vituperantur, dum clericorum amoris consuetudo celebratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 83 || {{Op|[[Sevit aure spiritus]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Carmen amorem sensuale erga Floram describit. Poëta deliciis corporeis cum amata fruitur, eius pulchritudinem lenitatemque admirans. Timens ne Iuppiter puellam concupiscat, poëta de variis metamorphosibus quas deus ad eam seducendam sumere possit fingit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 84 || {{Op|[[Dum prius inculta]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Carmen congressum amatorum in loco silvestri enarrat. Poëta Phyllidem sub tilia conspicit statimque amore corripitur. Eam seducere conatur, sed puella renititur. Ad extremum, auctor eam vi expugnat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 85 || {{Op|[[Veris dulcis in tempore]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen suavitatem amoris verno tempore celebrat. Flores erumpunt, aves canunt, virgines incalescunt. Versus intercalaris negat illum qui amore caret ullius pretii esse. Poëta amatam in nemore osculari cupit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 86 || {{Op|[[Non contrecto quam affecto]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen ad experientiam corpoream hortatur. Puellam quandam, Caeciliam nomine, monet ut iuventutem senectuti praeferat, commoda iuvenum cum instrumentis agilibus comparans. Post caelestem ardorem et rorem, lilia candida odorem suum effundunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 87 || {{Op|[[Amor tenet omnia]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen naturam amoris multiplicem et ambiguam perscrutatur. Amor omnia regit, corda mutat et vias occultas quaerit. Dulcis ut mel vel amarus ut fel esse potest, caecus et pudoris expers. Amor ut vis quae iuvenes gubernat et virgines capit describitur, senectute exclusa. Res volubilis est, quae tamen arte regitur et in noctis silentio consummatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 88 || {{Op|[[Amor habet superos]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hoc carmen amorem castum inter virgines celebrat. Poeta se custodem castimoniae praebet, talem amorem anteponens consuetudinibus cum mulieribus corruptis vel maritatis. Argumentum delectationem innocentem atque puritatem investigat. Amor divinus, sicut Iovis et Iunonis, cum amore virginali comparatur. Refrainus &quot;Amoris solamine / virgino cum virgine; / aro non in semine / pecco sine crimine&quot; naturam incorporalem et sine peccato huius vinculi exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 88a || {{Op|[[Iove cum Mercurio]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen ortum sub certis constellationibus astrologicis describit. De amore reciproco, puro et doli experte agitur, qui faustis siderum meatibus nascitur. Auctor amorem erga unam personam profitetur, affirmans coniunctionem eorum signis caelestibus praestitutam esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 89 || {{Op|[[Nos duo boni]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hic puella pastrix pastores ignavos atque avaros reprehendit. Puella ipsa increpatur quod rebus virilibus se immisceat, dum eius officia muliebria commemorantur. Pastores contra sese efferunt ut optimos gregis regii curatores. Carmen dissensionem inter puellae probitatem et pastorum corruptelam illustrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 90 || {{Op|[[Exit diluculo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Puella rustica scholarem invitat ad ludendum dum parvum gregem custodit. Carmen vitam rurale idyllice depingit, ubi innocentia et simplicitas per ludum celebrantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 91 || {{Op|[[Sacerdotes, mementote]]}}|| ― || Latina || Vehemens invectiva in sacerdotes lussuria et impuritate inquinatos. Poeta eos monet ut sacro munere digni sint et peccatorum paeniteat, ne divina damnatio subsequatur. Carmen hypocrisim eorum denuntiat qui sacramenta celebrant in vitiis viventes, necessitatem puritatis interioris extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 92 || {{Op|[[Anni parte florida]]}}|| ― || Latina || Dialogus inter Phyllidem et Floram, quae de amore certant: utra praeferendus sit, miles an clericus. Virgines de meritis amatorum disputant, virtutes eorum laudantes et vitia adversarii vituperantes. Ad extremum iudicium Cupidini committunt. Carmen mentes sociales et amatorias Medii Aevi patefacit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 93 || {{Op|[[Hortum habet insula]]}}|| ― || Latina || Vir virginem in horto convenit et cum ea coniungitur; mox tamen eorum necessitudo dolis invidiaque turbatur. Carmen docet amorem vel felicissimum externis viribus corrumpi posse.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 93a || {{Op|[[Cum Fortuna voluit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Senex de fluxa iuventute cogitat et de necessitate cedendi novis generationibus. Imagine monocerotis utitur, qui tantum virginibus sese domandum praebet, ut castitatem iuventutemque res pretiosissimas esse demonstret.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 94 || {{Op|[[Congaudentes ludite]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen est ad amorem iuventutemque celebrandam exhortatio, senectuti imminenti opposita. Versus intercalaris &quot;Audi, bel'amia, mille modos Veneris! hahi zevaleria!&quot; ad delicias amoris explorandas incitat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 95 || {{Op|[[Cur suspectum me tenet domina]]}}|| ― || Latina || Vir se contra amatae accusationes defendit, innocentiam suam iurans et paupertatem honestam divitiis corruptis anteponens. Carmen integritatem moralem et aspernationem doli exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 96 || {{Op|[[Iuvenes amorifer]]}}|| ― || Latina || Exhortatio ad amorem et voluptates inter iuvenes et virgines, avium cantu excitata. Refrainus &quot;O vireat, o floreat, o gaudeat in tempore iuventus!&quot; vitalitatem et laetitiam aetatis florentis celebrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 97 || {{Op|[[O Antioche, cur decipis me]]}}|| ― || Latina || Narratio de casibus Apollonii et filiae eius Tharsiae, inter naufragia, raptus et venditiones usque ad redintegrationem familiae. Argumentum de perseverantia, fortuna et vi vinculorum propinquorum agit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 98 || {{Op|[[Troie post excidium]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen conventum fatalem Aeneae et Didonis Carthagine narrat, amorem flagrantem et tragicum exitum, Didone mortem sibi consciscente ob Aeneae decessum. Themata sunt passio, fatum et dolor.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 99 || {{Op|[[Superbi Paridis leve iudicium]]}}|| ― || Latina || Brevis recapitulatio historiarum Paridis, Helenae, Aeneae et Didonis, qui exempla amoris et tragoediae habentur. Demonstratur amorem fons esse posse et laetitiae et maximi doloris.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 99a || {{Op|[[Armat amor Paridem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Paris amore armatus Helenam rapit, quo facto bellum atrox excitatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 99b || {{Op|[[Prebuit Eneas]]}}|| ― || Latina || Aeneas causa est mortis Didonis, quae ferro herois Troiani vitam finivit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 100 || {{Op|[[Oh decus, o Lybie regnum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus Didonis ob desertionem Aeneae et fatum funestum Carthagini imminens. Carmen dolorem, maestitiam et iram reginae proditae et sibi relictae exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-88-100&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 101 || {{Op|[[Pergama frele volo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus de Troiae excidio. Memorantur Paris, Helena bellumque Troianum; canitur dolor, vastatio ac libidinis belliique consequentia. Hecuba cladem Troiae deplorat, de fato et mortalitate humana meditata.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 102 || {{Op|[[Fervet amore Paris]]}}|| ― || Latina || Enarrantur eventus ad bellum Troianum ducentes: Helena a Paride rapta Menelaum deserit, Graecorum iram excitans. Describuntur belli apparatus, Troiae obsidio et equus ligneus; carmen de Aeneae erroribus concluditur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 103 || {{Op|[[Eia dolor!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Querimonia amatoria ad virginem directa, quae Tyndaridi comparatur, dum poeta auxilium implorat. Venus et Cupido vatem vexant, qui in amore amatae solacium quaerit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 104 || {{Op|[[Egre fero quod egroto]]}}|| ― || Latina || Senex quidam desiderium passionemque erga Venerem confitetur, deplorans amorem, qui vires absumit non obstante aetate provecta. Investigatur amor senilis et difficultas libidinis regendae.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 104a || {{Op|[[Non honor est]]}}|| ― || Latina || Distichon breve quod connubia inter pares suadet. Argumentatur uniones inter dispares ordines sociales ad infelicitatem et perturbationes publicas ducere.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 105 || {{Op|[[Dum curata vegetarem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Cupido in somniis apparet, artem amandi veram ab Ovidio traditam deperisse et Veneris mysteria profanata esse deplorans. Desiderium exprimitur amoris ut ars nobilis ac sacra colendi.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 106 || {{Op|[[Veneris vincula]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta se Veneris catenis vinctum confitetur, Florae desiderio flagrans. Vis imprevisibilis amoris, quae amantem cruciat, in hoc carmine investigatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 107 || {{Op|[[Dira vi amoris teror]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta, amoris potentia perterritus, auxilium virginis implorat, quam ut lilium virginale et stellam fulgentem describit. Fragilitatem humanam fatetur et in puritate perfugium quaerit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 108 || {{Op|[[Vacillantis trutine]]}}|| [[Petrus Blesensis]]|| Latina || Poeta inter [[Ratio|Rationem]] et [[Amor|Amorem]] distrahitur, dum Florulam desiderat. Ratio ad studium disciplinamque hortatur, Amor autem ad voluptates allicit. Carmen tensionem inter officium et passionem describit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 109 || {{Op|[[Multiformi succendente]]}}|| ― || Latina || Vates amorem non redditum deplorat, dolorem suum cum [[Apollo|Apolline]] Daphnen insequente comparans. Amata alium praefert, quod poetam in desperationem adducit. Carmen frustrationem et angorem animi ob repulsam exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 110 || {{Op|[[Quis furor est in amore!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Furor amandi describitur eiusque potestas in mentem corpusque turbandum. Amor amantem mutat, mores irrationales et perturbationes motusque animi concitans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 111 || {{Op|[[O comes amoris dolor (CB 111)|O comes amoris dolor]]}}|| ― || Latina || Querimonia de cruciatibus ob amorem mulieris eximiae non redditum. Poeta solitudinem ac maerorem profitetur, quia a dilecta spernitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 112 || {{Op|[[Dudum voveram]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta, qui amori renuntiare voverat, denuo in Veneris servitutem redigitur. Carmen fragilitatem promissorum et difficultatem resistendi illecebris amoris tractat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 112a || {{Op|[[Div mich singen tuot]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Alta Media || Brevis querimonia lingua Theodisca scripta: auctor ob dolorem animi mulieris gratiam implorat, cupiditate flagrans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 113 || {{Op|[[Transit nix et glacies]]}}|| ― || Latina || Veris adventus naturam excitat amoremque poëtae intendit, etsi repudiatio dolores affert. Renovatio mundi cum angore animi comparatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 113a || {{Op|[[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot]]}}|| [[Dietmar von Eist]]|| Theodisca Alta Media || Fragmentum Theodiscum breve, in quo mulier de desiderio erga virum percontatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 114 || {{Op|[[Tempus accedit floridum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adventus veris celebratur, dum poëta solacio in corde carens luget. Gaudium naturae cum dolore amoris non redditi discrepat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 114a || {{Op|[[Der al der werlt ein meister si]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Alta Media || Fragmentum Theodiscum breve, quo gratia agitur ob solacium a muliere acceptum.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 115 || {{Op|[[Nobilis mei miserere precor!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta mulierem nobilem obsecrat ut sui misereatur, affirmans se pulchritudine eius confici. Admirationem et desiderium immoderatum exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 115a || {{Op|[[Edile vrowe min]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Alta Media || Fragmentum Theodiscum: auctor mulierem exorat ut amorem suum agnoscat, fulgore eius percussus.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 116 || {{Op|[[Sic mea fata canendo solor]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta cantu solacium quaerit ob dolores ex amore ortos, sperans fore ut aliquando cum dilecta felicitate fruatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 117 || {{Op|[[Lingua mendax et dolosa]]}}|| ― || Latina || Auctor se contra accusationes de perfidia defendit, fidem iurans et pulchritudinem amatae extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 118 || {{Op|[[Doleo quod nimium]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta de exilio et cruciatibus amoris queritur, basium dilectae desiderans. Locutiones in lingua Francogallica antiqua colorem desiderii augent.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 119 || {{Op|[[Dulce solum natalis patrie]]}}|| ― || Latina || Discessum a patria ob amoris tormenta parans, poeta sensum amissionis et maerorem exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 119a || {{Op|[[Semper ad omne]]}}|| ― || Latina || Distichon breve, quod momentum mediocritatis in omnibus rebus servandae extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 120 || {{Op|[[Rumor letalis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Poeta obtrectationes damnat quae famam dilectae minantur et cautionem suadet, zelotypiam propugnatricem praebens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 120a || {{Op|[[Vincit Amor quemque]]}}|| ― || Latina || Sententia brevis qua confirmatur Amorem omnia vincere, ipsum vero a nullo vinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 121 || {{Op|[[Tange sodes citharam]]}}|| ― || Latina || Novum amorem celebrat priore reiecto, levitatem gaudiumque profitens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 121a || {{Op|[[Non est crimen amor]]}}|| ― || Latina || Amorem a crimine vindicat, cum caritas divina omnia sanctificare videatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 122 || {{Op|[[Expirante primitivo]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus de obitu regis, quo virtutis splendorisque mundani amissio deploratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 122a || {{Op|[[Vite presentis]]}}|| [[Marbod Redonensis]]|| Latina || De fluxa voluptatum humanarum natura meditatio, quae vento comparatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-101-122a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 123 || {{Op|[[Versa est in luctum cithara Waltheri]]}}|| [[Gualterius de Castillione]]|| Latina || Iudicum ecclesiasticorum vitia et cleri mores depravatos arguit, divinum auxilium implorans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 123a || {{Op|[[Ludit in humanis]]}}|| ― || Latina || De instabilitate Fortunae rebusque humanis fragilibus disserit, citato [[Ovidius|Ovidio]].&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 124 || {{Op|[[Dum Philippus moritur]]}}|| ― || Latina || Mores post Philippi mortem lapsos deplorat, fide rationisve amissionem indicans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 125 || {{Op|[[Ante Dei vultum]]}}|| [[Otloh Ratisbonensis]]|| Latina || Nullum malum divinum iudicium effugere posse confirmat, caelestem beatitudinem extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 126 || {{Op|[[Huc usque me miseram!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Puellae querimonia, quae propter occultam praegnationem ignominia afficitur et ab amasio relinquitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 127 || {{Op|[[Deus pater adiuva]]}}|| ― || Latina || Auxilium divinum ante mortem petitur; de severitate vitae monasticae ac de dilatione votorum agitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 128 || {{Op|[[Remigabat naufragus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Narratio de naufrago a duobus iuvenibus servato atque in portum tuto perducto.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 129 || {{Op|[[Exul ego clericus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Clericus exul paupertatem suam dolet, subsidia petens ad studia et officia religiosa servanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 130 || {{Op|[[Olim lacus colueram]]}}|| ― || Latina || Cycnus, olim in lacu liber, nunc ad epulas assatus pristinam libertatem desiderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 131 || {{Op|[[Dic, Christi veritas]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
Veritas, Caritas et Iustitia arcessuntur et de earum absentia in mundo hypocrisi ac peccatis repleto interrogantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 131a || {{Op|[[Bulla fulminante]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina ||
Avaritia et corruptio Curiae Romanae reprehenduntur, ubi iustitia supprimitur ac venalis fit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 132 || {{Op|[[Iam vernali tempore]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Reditus veris celebratur per imagines naturae revirescentis, concentus avium, voces animalium et terrae fecunditatem.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 133 || {{Op|[[Hic volucres celi referam sermone fideli]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Variae avium species enumerantur, quae catalogum poeticum vitae volatilis efficiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 134 || {{Op|[[Nomina paucarum sunt hic socianda ferarum]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Nomina ferarum enumerantur, more encyclopedico descriptionem rerum naturalium continuantia.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 135 || {{Op|[[Cedit hiems tua durities]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Recessus hiemis et adventus veris describuntur, inter naturae renascentiam et invitationem ad amorem.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 135a || {{Op|[[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan]]}}|| [[Walther von der Vogelweide]]|| Theodisca media ||
Gaudium ob finem hiemis et amoenitatem aestatis imminentis exprimitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 136 || {{Op|[[Omnia sol temperat]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Ver ut tempus amoris et laetitiae extollitur, dum constantia et fides suadentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 136a || {{Op|[[Solde ih noch den tach geleben]]}}|| ― || Theodisca media ||
Desiderium videndi diem quo gaudium ab amata accipi possit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 137 || {{Op|[[Ver redit optatum]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Diù speratus veris reditus celebratur, iuvenibus ad amorem et naturam fruendam hortatis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 137a || {{Op|[[Springerwir den reigen]]}}|| ― || Theodisca media ||
Delectatio ob adventum mensis Maii et florum effusionem exprimitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 138 || {{Op|[[Veri leta facies]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Gaudium vernale depingitur, natura renascente et amore omnia pervadente, ad communem celebrationem invitans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 138a || {{Op|[[In liehter varwe]]}}|| ― || Theodisca media ||
Pulchritudo vernalis et concentus avium celebrantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 139 || {{Op|[[Tempus transit horridum]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Adhortatio ad amorem et laetitiam praesentem colendam, agnita brevitate iuventutis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 139a || {{Op|[[Zergangen ist der winder chalt]]}}|| ― || Theodisca media ||
Laetitia ob finem hiemis et amorem mulieris exprimitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 140 || {{Op|[[Terra iam pandit gremium]]}}|| ― || Latina ||
Terra gremium verno tempore pandens celebratur, ad voluptates, amorem et sodalitatem invitans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 140a || {{Op|[[Nu suln wir alle froude han]]}}|| ― || Theodisca media ||
Ad gaudium et saltationes in honorem veris provocatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 141 || {{Op|[[Florent omnes arbores]]}}|| ― || Latina || Gaudium vernum cum difficultate assequendi amorem feminae comparat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 141a || {{Op|[[Div heide gruonet vnde der walt]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || Renovationem verna et concentum avium in silvis saltubusque celebrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 142 || {{Op|[[Tempus adest floridum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Ad fruendum vere et amore hortatur, mythos Helenae Paridisque commemorans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 142a || {{Op|[[Ih solde eines morgenes gan]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || Congressum cum puella in prato quodam enarrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 143 || {{Op|[[Ecce gratum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Reditum veris celebrat atque ad amorem sub imperio Cupidinis colendum invitat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 143a || {{Op|[[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot]]}}|| [[Reinmar von Hagenau]]|| Theodisca antiqua || Femina gaudium suum propter amorem equitis cuiusdam exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 144 || {{Op|[[Iam iam virent prata]]}}|| ― || Latina || Ad celebrationem veris hortatur; cultum Veneris suadet ad tristitiam vitandam.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 144a || {{Op|[[Ich han gesehen]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || De pulchritudine naturae visae delectationem refert.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 145 || {{Op|[[Musa venit carmine]]}}|| ― || Latina || Musam invocat ad veris decora et avium cantus carmine celebrandos.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 145a || {{Op|[[Uvere div werlt alle min]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || Desiderium fingit amplexandi regem Angliae pro mundi possessione.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 146 || {{Op|[[Tellus flore vario vestitur]]}}|| ― || Latina || Terram floribus indutam describit, pulchritudinem feminae pariter laudans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 146a || {{Op|[[Nahtegal, sing einen don mit sinne]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || Lusciniam ad cantandum reginae suae invocat, devotionem amoremque profitens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 147 || {{Op|[[Si de more cum honore]]}}|| ― || Latina || De vanitate amoris et de statu poetae inter gaudium et dolorem diviso meditatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 147a || {{Op|[[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone]]}}|| [[Reinmar von Hagenau]]|| Theodisca antiqua || De salute viri dilecti inquirit, scire volens num beatus sit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 148 || {{Op|[[Floret tellus floribus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Ad amorem celebrandum sub tutela Veneris et Cupidinis invitat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 148a || {{Op|[[Nu sin stolz vnde hovisch]]}}|| ― || Theodisca antiqua || Superbiam nobilem et comitatem suadet, sagittas Veneris commemorans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 149 || {{Op|[[Floret silva nobilis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Absentiam amatae inter naturae pulchritudinem deplorat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 150 || {{Op|[[Redivivo vernat flore]]}}|| ― || Latina || Renovationem vernam celebrat, iuvenes ad amorem gaudiumque sequendum hortans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 150a || {{Op|[[Ich pin cheiser ane chrone]]}}|| [[Heinrich von Morungen]]|| Theodisca antiqua || Se imperatorem sine corona nec terra profitetur, solo amore feminae ditem.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 151 || {{Op|[[Virent prata hiemata]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Gaudium vernale, avium cantus et iuvenilis amor describuntur; carmen desiderium erga mulierem quandam praecipuam exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 151a || {{Op|[[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest]]}}|| [[Walther von der Vogelweide]]|| Lingua Theodisca alta || Amoenitatem mensis Maii varietatemque colorum naturae celebrat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 152 || {{Op|[[Estas non apparuit]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Summum aestatis decorem praedicat, avium cantum et vim amoris extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 152a || {{Op|[[Ich gesach den sumer nie]]}}|| ― || Lingua Theodisca alta || De aestatis pulchritudine et avium concentu delectationem exprimit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 153 || {{Op|[[Tempus transit gelidum]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Renovationem vernalem, avium concentum et puellarum ludos describit; poeta se Amori dedit et uni mulieri devotum profitetur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 153a || {{Op|[[Vrowe, ih pin dir undertan]]}}|| ― || Lingua Theodisca alta || Poeta se totum mulieri subicit eiusque amorem exspectat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 154 || {{Op|[[Est Amor alatus]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Amor ut puer alatus fingitur; deinde quinque lineae amoris (visus, allocutio, tactus, osculum, coitus) enumerantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-123-154&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 155 || {{Op|[[Quam pulchra nitet facie]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Formam mulieris per comparationes mythologicas ac biblicas laudat, desiderium et dolorem exprimens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 155a || {{Op|[[Si ist schouner den urowe Dido was]]}}|| ― || Lingua Theodisca alta || Mulierem praedicat, cuius pulchritudo Didonem, Helenam, Palladem et Hecubam superat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 156 || {{Op|[[Salve ver optatum]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Adventum veris salutat et Phyllidem puellam invocat ut ardor amatorius relevetur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 157 || {{Op|[[Lucis orto sidere]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || De pastorella narrat cuius ovis a lupo rapta est; poeta eam servat et puellae favorem sibi conciliat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 158 || {{Op|[[Vere dulci mediante]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Congressum vernalem cum puella perterrita narrat, quam poeta vincit; illa deinde se prodi timere confitetur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 159 || {{Op|[[Veris dulcis in tempore]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Amorem verno tempore celebrat; qui non amat, indignus habetur. Poeta oscula in silvis exspectat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 160 || {{Op|[[Dum estas inchoatur]]}}|| ― || Lingua Latina || Querimoniam de vulnere amoris pro puella sub aestatis initium orto continet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 161 || {{Op|[[Ab estatis foribus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adventum aestatis salutat monetque iuventutem sine Venere interituram esse.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 161a || {{Op|[[Diu werlt frovt sih uber als]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Mundi laetitiam ob aestatis reditum describit, avium cantu, silvis virentibus pratisque florentibus effectam.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 162 || {{Op|[[O consocii, quid vobis videtur?]]}}|| ― || Latina || Sodales ad Venerem colendam invitat, amorem, vinum artemque poeticam extollens, profanis exclusis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 162a || {{Op|[[Svoziv vrowe min]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Mulierem precatur ut amorem concedat, quae &quot;oculorum lumen&quot; appellatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 163 || {{Op|[[Longa spes et dubia]]}}|| ― || Latina || Spem diuturnam ac dolorosam cum metu mixtam exprimit ob amorem feminae incomparabilis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 163a || {{Op|[[Eine wunnechliche stat]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Locum amoenum describit ubi res adversa accidit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 164 || {{Op|[[Ob amoris pressuram]]}}|| ― || Latina || Remedium quaerit dolorum amantium ad Corinnam properans, cum qua coniunctionem somniat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 164a || {{Op|[[Ih wolde gerne singen]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Desiderium canendi gaudiique ferendi exprimit, si modo amata potiri possit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 165 || {{Op|[[Amor telum est insignis Veneris]]}}|| ― || Latina || Amorem ut Veneris telum depingit; amatae pulchritudinem celebrat choreasque in eius honorem indicit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 165a || {{Op|[[Mir ist ein wip sere]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Amorem profundum erga mulierem probam confitetur coniunctionemque carnalem exoptat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 166 || {{Op|[[Iam dudum Amoris militem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Se militem Amoris profitetur, paratum ad omnia pericula toleranda.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 166a || {{Op|[[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben]]}}|| [[Reinmar von Hagenau]]|| Theodisca Media || Vitam aerumnis plenam deplorat, firmo tamen animo manere constituit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 167 || {{Op|[[Laboris remedium]]}}|| ― || Latina || Amorem spiritualem in carnalem desiderium conversum refert, solacium in memoria quaerens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 167a || {{Op|[[Swaz hie gat umbe]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Puellas omnes tempore aestivo nubere velle animadvertit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 168 || {{Op|[[Annualis mea sospes sit et gaudeat!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Vota laeta amatae nuncupat, quam ut divinam veneratur adiuvante Venere.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 168a || {{Op|[[Nu grvonet auer div heide]]}}|| [[Neidhart von Reuenthal]]|| Theodisca Media || Dolores hiemales communes atque devotionem erga amatam commemorat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 169 || {{Op|[[Habet sidus leti visus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Gaudium obscuratum lamentatur, desiderans amatam quae sine solacio languet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 169a || {{Op|[[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest]]}}|| [[Walther von der Vogelweide]]|| Theodisca Media || De crudeli risu mulieris queritur, qui dolores suos irridet.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 170 || {{Op|[[Quelibet succenditur vivens creatura]]}}|| ― || Latina || Omnia animantia amore ureri affirmat, pulchritudinem virginis eximiam extollens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 170a || {{Op|[[Min vrowe Uenus ist so guot]]}}|| ― || Theodisca Media || Venerem laudat, quae fortibus fidelibusque gaudia tribuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 171 || {{Op|[[De pollicito mea mens elata]]}}|| ― || Latina || Mens promissis elata describitur; de amore ferveasque Veneris ignibus agitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 171a || {{Op|[[Vrowe, wesent vro!]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Adhortatio ad mulieres ut aestatis muneribus, rosis liliisque, laetentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 172 || {{Op|[[Lude, ludat, ludite]]}}|| ― || Latina || Invitatio ad ludum, musicam et amorem liberum; delectationes carnales suadentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 172a || {{Op|[[Ich han eine senede not]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Querimonia de desiderio hieme gravato; speratur aestas gaudia amatoria latura.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 173 || {{Op|[[Revirescit et florescit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Cor de novo efflorescit; laudes amatae inter avium cantus et dulces dolores canuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 173a || {{Op|[[Wol ir libe, div so schone]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Servitium dominae nobili et pulchrae, honore coronatae, promittitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 174 || {{Op|[[Veni, veni, venias]]}}|| ― || Latina || Impensa flagitatio ad amicam directa, cuius pulchritudo singularis extollitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 174a || {{Op|[[Chume, chume, geselle min]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Advocatio amatae ut osculo rosee simili medelam afferat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 175 || {{Op|[[Pre amoris tedio]]}}|| ― || Latina || Auxilium contra amatoris cruciatus petitur, qui procellae animum minanti comparantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 175a || {{Op|[[Taugen minne div ist guot]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || De pretio amoris secreti et fidelitate fovendi disseritur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 176 || {{Op|[[Non est in medico]]}}|| ― || Latina || Sententia non omnem morbum a medico sanari posse; eloquentia mentem sapientem firmat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 177 || {{Op|[[Stetit puella rufa]]}}|| ― || Latina || Descriptio puellae tunica rubea indutae; de innocentia et Venere amorem concedente.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 178 || {{Op|[[Volo virum vivere viriliter]]}}|| ― || Latina || Amor mutuus expetitur et servitus repudiatur; deinde paenitentia et venia privata quaeruntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 178a || {{Op|[[Ich wil den sumer gruzen]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Salutatio laeta aestatis post hiemis saevitiam; invitatio ad choreas et gaudia.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 179 || {{Op|[[Tempus est iocundum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen de tempore iocundo iuvenum virginumque; mixtura spei, cupidinis et desperationis amatoriae.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 179a || {{Op|[[Einen brief ich sande]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Missio epistulae ad mulierem, cui amator cor suum credit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 180 || {{Op|[[O mi dilectissima!]]}}|| ― || Latina || Compellatio amatae fervida; laudes candoris et nobilitatis eius canuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 180a || {{Op|[[Ich wil truren varen lan]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Renuntiatio tristitiae; solacium in natura et amore quaeritur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 181 || {{Op|[[Quam Natura ceteris]]}}|| ― || Latina || Naturae artificium in amata extollitur; petitio unionis sine metu.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 181a || {{Op|[[Der winder zeiget sine chraft]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Descriptio vis hiemalis naturam gaudiumque vastantis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 182 || {{Op|[[Sol solo in stellifero]]}}|| ― || Latina || Amata sideribus clarior praedicatur; desiderium coniunctionis et finis expectationis.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 182a || {{Op|[[Vns chumet ein lichte sumerzit]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Celebratio aestatis lucidae; adhortatio ad fortitudinem et sapientiam in gaudio quaerendo.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 183 || {{Op|[[Si puer cum puellula]]}}|| ― || Latina || Imaginatio beatitudinis si puer et puella soli sint, omni taedio remoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 183a || {{Op|[[Ich sich den morgensterne brehen]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Consilium de amore occulto, amicitia protegendo.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 184 || {{Op|[[Virgo quedam nobilis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Narratio de virgine nobili et iuvene; de interventu violento et perturbatione.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 185 || {{Op|[[Ich was ein chint so wolgetan]]}}|| ― || Theodisca alta media || Memoria puellae deceptae et violatae, stilo narrativo et veristico expressa.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 186 || {{Op|[[Suscipe flos florem]]}}|| ― || Latina || Allegoria florum ut symbolum amoris et pulchritudinis; de finibus artis in essentia reddenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-155-186&quot; /&gt;
|}


===''Carmina potoria'' (187–226)===
Haec carmina vino, potionis voluptati atque convictui dedicata sunt. Tonus plerumque est hilaris ac festivus, qui tabernas celebrat libertatemque illam quae ex usu vini oriri videtur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina potoria 187-200
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina potoria 201-226
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 187–200: Priora carmina vinum ut fontem laetitiae et inspirationis poeticae depingunt, iucunditatem bibendi in bona sodalitate extollentia.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
* 201–226: Hic versus magis soluti, nonnunquam ad parodiam inclinati, ebrietatem eiusque effectus ironia et lepore describunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Codex Buranus, four men drinking (folio 89v).jpg|Pictura lemanica quattuor viros bibentes exhibens (folio 89v)
Codex Buranus-91-giocatori.jpg|Lusores medii aevi e codice manu scripto
Codex Buranus-92-scacchi.jpg|Lusores scaccorum e codice manu scripto
Wurfzabel.jpg|Lusores alearum medii aevi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Codex CB !! Titulus !! Auctor !! Lingua !! Descriptio
|-
| CB 187 || {{Op|[[O curas hominum]]}}|| ― || Latina || In hoc carmine corruptio atque opportunismus in curiis principum vituperantur. Textus demonstrat quomodo fides iustitiaque avaritia et adulatione minuantur. Qui nihil praebent, inaniter laborant; qui autem favorem emunt, opes augent. Leges iudiciaque pecunia reguntur, dum adulatione ad honores pervenitur. Simulatores veram naturam celant, quam demum in potestate nacti revelant.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 188 || {{Op|[[Diligitur colitur]]}}|| ― || Latina || Breve carmen quod docet divites diligi et coli, pauperes vero contemni atque opprimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 189 || {{Op|[[Aristippe, quamvis sero]]}}|| [[Philippus Cancellarius]]|| Latina || Dialogus inter Aristippum et Diogenem de corruptione curiae Romanae. Aristippus de necessitate mendacii ad favorem impetrandum queritur; Diogenes autem respondet in Ecclesia successum nonnisi per vitiorum participationem obtineri. Uterque de integritate servanda in mundo corrupto dubitat. Carmen rejectione adulationis et invitatione ad vitam modestam concluditur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 190 || {{Op|[[Sunt detractores]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen contra detractores et adulatores scriptum, quos auctor hostibus palam infestis deteriores iudicat. Lingua detractoris veneno draconis comparatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 191 || {{Op|[[Estuans intrinsecus]]}}|| [[Archipoeta]]|| Latina || Celeberrima Archipoetae confessio, qua conflictus interior inter sapientiam et passiones exprimitur. Auctor se folio vento rapto comparat, vitia voluptatesque confitens. Veniam a praelato petit ob amorem vini feminarumque. Inest defensio vitae tabernariae, ubi vinum carmina inspirat; denique misericordia et renovatio spiritualis implorantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 191a || {{Op|[[Cum sit fama multiplex]]}}|| ― || Latina || Scripturae peritia auctor favorem quaerit, simul auxilium ad egestatis onus levandum efflagitans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 192 || {{Op|[[Si quis displiceat pravis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Carmen asseverat non esse curandum si quis malis displiceat, cum improbis placere nequeat. Poeta probis placere studet, ab iis exosus qui virtutem aspernari solent.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 193 || {{Op|[[Denudata veritate]]}}|| [[Petrus]]|| Latina || Altercatio inter vinum et aquam, ubi utraque potio suas laudes extollit et alteram vituperat. Vinum queritur de aqua mixta, quam impuram ducit; aqua contra vinum de ebrietate arguit. Vinum se sapientiae fontem nominat, aquam vero periculosam insidiosamque vocat. Mixtio vini et aquae finaliter damnatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 194 || {{Op|[[In cratere meo]]}}|| [[Hugo Primas]]|| Latina || Descriptio unionis Thetidis (aquae) et Lyaei (vini) in cratere. Auctor negat his mixtis ullum pretium inesse, memorans etiam in Cena Domini haec non fuisse commixta.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 195 || {{Op|[[Si quis Deciorum]]}}|| ― || Latina || De periculis aleae et fortunae instabilitate agitur. Decius, lusorum deceptor, memoratur. Victi, rebus spoliati, sortem suam deplorant. Voces Theodiscae intermixtae vitam multiculturem tabernae resonant.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 196 || {{Op|[[In taberna quando sumus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Tabernae vita describitur, ubi ludo, potationi et luxuriae datur opera. Series propinationum pro vivis, defunctis et variis ordinibus enumeratur. Carmen de pauperie ob ebrietatem orta admonet et vituperatores bibulorum exsecratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 197 || {{Op|[[Dum domus lapidea]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hoc carmen habitum tabernae aleatoriae et vini effectus describit. Domus a sodalibus &quot;dulce hospitium&quot; appellatur. Vinum sensus movet, corpus mentemque reficiens. Denique lusores ebrii in terram collabuntur, Bacchum invocantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 198 || {{Op|[[Mella cibus dulcis]]}}|| [[Godefridus Vincestriensis]]|| Latina || Breve carmen quod cibos dulces divitiasque multis hominibus noxias esse asserit. Dum victus simplex valetudinem viresque confirmat, multi salubria alimenta neglegunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 199 || {{Op|[[Puri Bacchi meritum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Merita puri Bacchi celebrat, ad potandum et ludendum invitans. Ludus aleae ut pugna inter sodales describitur; mentio fit cuiusdam Simonis qui Alsatiam visitat ut cum collusoribus bibat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 200 || {{Op|[[Bacche, bene venies]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus in Bacchum, qui gaudium, amorem et audaciam affert. Versis intercalaris vinum extollit quod homines comites, probos ac fortes reddat. Effectus vini in feminas describitur, quae ad amorem et voluptates procliviores fiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-187-200&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 201 || {{Op|[[Tu das, Bacche, loqui]]}}|| ― || Latina  || Bacchus hic ut auctor eloquentiae et solamen animorum praedicatur, qui pauperes ditat et tristitiam in gaudium vertit. Carmen ad bibendum incitat ut mors neglegatur. Narratur etiam Bacchus e vinculis elapsus.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 202 || {{Op|[[O potores exquisiti]]}}|| ― || Latina  || Potatores periti invitantur ut sine intermissione bibant. Ebrietas laudatur, dum illi qui a potu abhorrent excluduntur. Vinum aqua mixtum vituperatur, cum puritas temeti et deliciae Bacchicae efferantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 203 || {{Op|[[Hiemali tempore]]}}|| ― || Latina  || Scena hiemalis describitur: homines in aestuario congregati ludunt et vestimenta pro potu pignerant. Mentio fit poenae cuidam impositae qui regem martyrem nominaverat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 203a || {{Op|[[Vns seit uon Lutringen Helfrich]]}}|| ― || Theodisca  || Congressus inter Helfrich de Lutringen et alios (Erekke, Dieterich) in silva narratur, certamina periculaque memorans.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 204 || {{Op|[[Urbs salve regia]]}}|| ― || Latina ||  Treverim ut urbem regiam et gaudii fontem celebrat, eam cum Baccho et vino praestanti coniungens. Ars dialectica et Germanorum in potando peritia laudantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 205 || {{Op|[[Hospes laudatur]]}}|| ― || Latina ||  Hospitalitas liberalis extollitur, ad aleam et potum hortans. Ludus cum amore et iuventute a Baccho excitata copulatur. Refrain &quot;Deu sal&quot; ad compotationem invitat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 206 || {{Op|[[Hircus quando bibit]]}}|| ― || Latina  || Affirmatur hominem nimio vino captum inepte loqui. Auctor differentiam inter propriam inspirationem in ebrietate et insobrietate describit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 207 || {{Op|[[Tessera blandita fueras michi]]}}|| ― || Latina  || Querela de ludo tessararum, qui causa est damni et ruinae. Tesserae ut fons mendaciorum, rixarum et paupertatis describuntur, quamvis spem lucri praebeant.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 208 || {{Op|[[Littera bis bina]]}}|| ― || Latina || Aenigma de littera &quot;L&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 209 || {{Op|[[Roch, pedites, regina]]}}|| ― || Latina || Certamen scaccorum describitur, ubi nomina calculorum et pugnae simulatio referuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 210 || {{Op|[[Qui cupit egregium scachorum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Rationem ludendi exponit, situs primordiales motusque singulos explicans. Pedites progrediuntur, rochi libere moventur, equites transiliunt, episcopi fallunt, rex a regina protegitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 211 || {{Op|[[Alte clamat Epicurus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Placita Epicuri de saturitate celebrat: venter ut deus, culina ut templum habentur. Escas, vina quietemque extollit, ubi vinum contra medum dimicat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 211a || {{Op|[[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde]]}}|| [[Walther von der Vogelweide]]|| Theodisca || Fragmentum carminis Waltheri de Vogelweide (*Palästinalied*), quo gaudium de Terra Sancta visa exprimitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 212 || {{Op|[[Non iubeo quemquam]]}}|| ― || Latina || Ad fruendas voluptates modeste hortatur: cibi moderatio ad vitam servandam et corporis curam sine mentis onere suadetur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 213 || {{Op|[[Sperne lucrum]]}}|| ― || Latina || Praecepta de aleae ludo: lucrum spernendum, peritioribus cedendum, ira in clade vitanda, animo sereno ludendum.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 214 || {{Op|[[Si preceptorum superest]]}}|| [[Marbod Redonensis]]|| Latina || Norma vitae aequilibratae: mane surgere, lectioni vacare, modice cibi potusque sumere, meditari atque scribere.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 215 || {{Op|[[Lugeamus omnes in Decio]]}}|| ― || Latina || &quot;Officium Lusorum&quot; ubi flagitia Decii (dei aleatorum) deplorantur. Liturgia parodice imitatur per introitum, epistulam, graduale, alleluia, sequentiam et evangelium.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 215a || {{Op|[[Omnipotens sempiterne Deus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Votum satiricum ad fruendos labores rusticorum clericorumque, eorum feminas possidendas et de eorum morte laetandum.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 216 || {{Op|[[Tempus hoc letitie]]}}|| ― || Latina || Invitatio ad laetitiam et ludum, praesertim pro scholaribus. Stilus et tabulae ut instrumenta festivitatis et carminum Ovidianorum memorantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 217 || {{Op|[[Iocundemur socii]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adhortatio ad socios de virtute et honestate colenda. Refrain largitatem laudat, invidos et hypocritas exsecratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 218 || {{Op|[[Audientes audiant]]}}|| ― || Latina || De malitia mundi querela: clerici liberales hortantur ut vagis et egenis succurrant. Clerici probi frumento, improbi paleis comparantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 219 || {{Op|[[Cum «In orbem universum»]]}}|| ― || Latina || Omnes ad &quot;sectam&quot; sequendam invitantur: nobiles, pauperes, monachi, clerici cum amasiis, magistri cum discipulis. Officia matutina vetantur, tabernae potusque gallinarumque esus coluntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 220 || {{Op|[[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis]]}}|| [[Archipoeta]]|| Latina || Archipoetae planctus de inopia sua, quod laici poetas non fovent. Laborem rusticum, mendicitatem furtumque respuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 220a || {{Op|[[Nullus ita parcus est]]}}|| ― || Latina || Quomodo homines parci vestes novas per festa emant sed per annos servent. De clericis qui habitus suos varie immutant et resuunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 221 || {{Op|[[Cum animadverterem, dicit Cato]]}}|| ― || Latina || Laus hospitis liberalis et invitatio ad potandum; ebrii ad secedendum monentur. Lusores nudi facti apostolis comparantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 222 || {{Op|[[Ego sum Abbas Cucaniensis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Abbas Cucaniensis se inter potatores et in secta Decii esse profitetur. Qui eum mane in taberna quaerunt, vespere nudi et infortunati exibunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 223 || {{Op|[[Res dare pro rebus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Sententia de consuetudine res pro rebus et verba pro verbis permutandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 224 || {{Op|[[Artifex, qui condidit]]}}|| ― || Latina || Artifex praelatos nobilesque salutat, paupertatem suam deplorans egestatisque solacium petens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 225 || {{Op|[[Sacerdotes et levite]]}}|| ― || Latina || Adloquium ad sacerdotes ut viros doctos tantum recipiant. Misericordia et eleemosyna pro egenis postulantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB 226 || {{Op|[[Mundus est in varium]]}}|| ― || Latina || De mundi statu mutabili et corrupto querela, ubi ordo confunditur et amicitia quaestuosa fit. Largitas erga meretrices vel effeminatos castigatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-potoria-201-226&quot; /&gt;
|}

===''Ludi'' (227–228)===
Haec sectio duas complectitur compositiones quae ad genus scaenicum pertinent. Sunt textus vel dramatici vel ludicri, qui vividam medii aevi culturam testantur, praesertim quod ad spectacula et usum personatum attinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-227&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Ludi 227
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_clud.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-228&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Ludi 228
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_clud.html#228
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 227: Prior compositio cum actione sacra sive saeculari nectitur, fortasse in argumento biblico aut mythologico posita.&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-227&quot; /&gt;
* 228: Altera compositio ad exodium (quod dicitur farce) vel breve drama referri potest, secundum instituta scaenica illius aetatis.&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-228&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Codex
!Titulus
!Auctor
!Lingua
!Descriptio
|-
|CB 227
| {{Op|[[Primo ponatur sedes Augustino]]}}
| ―
|Latina
|Hic ludus scaenicus liturgicus Nativitatem Iesu Christi depingit. Initio Sanctus Augustinus in cathedra sedet, prophetis Isaiam Danielemque inter se habens, quibus Archisynagogus cum Iudaeis opponitur. Varii characteres vaticinia de partu virginis proferunt:

* Isaias virginem concepturam filiumque parituram praedicat, qui mundum a peccatis mundabit.
* Daniel ruinam Iudaeae et ortum regis e virgine vaticinatur.
* Sibylla nutu manuque salutiferi pueri adventum nuntiat.
* Aaron virgam florentem gerit, symbolum castitatis Mariae ac partus mirabilis.
* Balaam, asino vectus, de stella ex Iacob oritura prophetat.

Archisynagogo haec dubitante, Augustinus Iudaeos monet ut mentes aperiant, exponens quomodo Christus Deum cum hominibus coniungat. Sequuntur scaenae Annuntiationis, Visitationis Mariae ad Elisabeth, ac denique Nativitatis stella indicatae. Magi, sidere ducti, puerum quaerunt et ab Herode interrogantur. Ille, throni metu percussus, caedem innocentium imperat, dum angelus Ioseph monet ut in Aegyptum cum familia confugiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-227&quot; /&gt;
|-
|CB 228
| {{Op|[[Rex Egypti cum comitatu suo]]}}
| ―
|Latina
|Carmen allegoricum in sectiones divisum. Exordium amoenitatem vernam, amorem atque naturae renascentiam celebrat, necnon philosophiam laudat (praecipue Pythagoram, Socratem, Platonem et Aristotelem). Sequitur reprehensio moralis de mundi voluptatibus fugacibus, quae &quot;fluminibus Babylonis&quot; comparantur, et de cultu idolorum. Adventu Mariae Iosephique in Aegyptum, simulacra pagana corruunt, quod victoriam Christianismi significat. Rex Aegypti, consultis sapientibus et eversione idolorum visa, ad fidem Christianam convertitur. Textus etiam Regem Babylonis et Antichristum memorat, hypocrisim damnans. Concluditur vaticinio de Hierosolymae excidio et Herodis morte.&lt;ref name=&quot;ludi-228&quot; /&gt;
|}

===''Supplementum'' (1–26a)===
Haec mantissa eas comprehendit compositiones quae, variis de causis, in superioribus classibus locum non invenerunt. Inveniuntur hic textus generis diversi, inter quos carmina philosophica aut fragmenta operum longiorum numerantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Supplementum 1-15
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_csu1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Supplementum 16-26a
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_csu2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1–15: Hi textus cum carminibus moralibus ac satiricis cohaerere videntur, cum societatem humanamque naturam simili modo considerent.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
* 16–26a: Extremae his in paginis scriptiones res amatorias aut convivales attingunt, quae propter formam vel argumentum potius in hoc appendice quam in praecipuis sectionibus digestae sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Signum !! Titulus !! Auctor !! Lingua !! Descriptio
|-
| CB Suppl. I || {{Op|[[Sancte ERASME]]}}|| ― || Latina || Deprecatio ad Sanctum Erasmum directa, ut pro fidelium animis orationes accipiat victumque secundum divinam voluntatem praestet. Christiani se eius tutelae committunt, Christi praesidium contra hostes visibiles et invisibiles implorantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. II || {{Op|[[Ich lob die liben frowen min]]}}|| ― || Lingua Theodisca Alta Media || Hymnus amatorius mulieri prae ceteris dilectae dicatus. Poeta suum obsequium ac voluntatem fideliter serviendi profitetur. Pulchritudo amatae speculo adamantique virtutis comparatur, dum scriptor se omni vinculo ei devinctum esse declarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. III || {{Op|[[Iam dudum estivalia]]}}|| [[Marner]]|| Latina || Meditatio de transitu ab aestate ad hiemem. Natura marcescente, aves silent et amoris fervor defervescit. Adventus verni temporis invocatur ut mentes afflictae recreentur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. IV || {{Op|[[Flete, fideles anime]]}}|| ― || Latina || Planctus funebris de Passione Domini. Animae fideles sororesque ad flendas Mariae Virginis plagas convocantur. Carmen de dolore matris sub cruce narrat, quaerens cur Filius Dei talia tormenta pati debeat.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. V || {{Op|[[Furibundi cum aceto mixto felle]]}}|| ― || Latina || Invocatio ad Christum, qui vulnera ex peccato originali orta sanguine suo sanavit. Textus pacem petit atque animarum purgationem, ut amore divino dignae efficiantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. VI || {{Op|[[Pange vox adonis]]}}|| [[Marner]]|| Latina || Hymnus ad praelatum Soliensem directus, cuius virtutes, sapientiam et nobilitatem animi extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. VII || {{Op|[[In anegenge was ein wort]]}}|| ― || Lingua Theodisca Alta Media || Interpretatio in linguam Theodiscam altam mediam initii Evangelii secundum Ioannem (Io 1, 1–14).&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. VIII || {{Op|[[O comes amoris dolor (CB Supp. VIII)|O comes amoris dolor]]}}|| ― || Latina || Querimonia amatoria propter mulierem inattingibilem. Poeta ob distantiam contemptumque patitur, attamen eam idealem fingere pergit, domicilium eius paradiso comparans.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. IX || {{Op|[[Mundus finem properans]]}}|| [[Marner]]|| Latina || Meditatio de mundi Ecclesiaeque occasu. Vitia ordinum religiosorum ac novorum praedicatorum avaritia reprehenduntur, dum antiqua monastica instituta deflentur et iudicium divinum invocatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. X || {{Op|[[Deus largus in naturis]]}}|| [[Marner]]|| Latina || Damnatio avaritiae et rerum temporalium cupiditatis. Textus liberalitatem laudat, monens avaritiam speciem idololatriae esse, quae aditum ad regnum caelorum intercludat.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XI || {{Op|[[Ave Nobilis]]}}|| ― || Latina || Invocatio ad Mariam, quae nobilis, venerabilis, amica et fida dux appellatur. Intercessio eius petitur ad mentes illuminandas, mores corrigendos et fideles a periculis saecularibus protegendos.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XII || {{Op|[[Christi sponsa Katharina]]}}|| ― || Latina || Hymnus de Sancta Catharina, virgine et martyre, cuius pulchritudo, sapientia et miracula per eam patrata celebrantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XIII || {{Op|[[Ludus breviter de passione primo inchoatur ita]]}}|| ― || Latina || Brevis ludus liturgicus de Passione Domini. Textus dialogos inter Iesum, discipulos, Iudam, sacerdotes et Pilatum continet, usque ad crucifixionem mortemque Christi.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XIV || {{Op|[[Planctus ante nescia]]}}|| [[Gotfridus de Sancto Victore]]|| Latina || Lamentatio Mariae de morte filii sui. Virgo dolorem suum de crucifixione exprimit, carnificum crudelitatem detestans et mortem sibi ipsi exoptans.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XV || {{Op|[[Cantatis matutinis in die pasche]]}}|| ― || Latina || Dramatizatio liturgica de Resurrectione Christi. Dialogi cantusque inter Pilatum, sacerdotes, mulieres sanctas, angelos, milites et Iesum exhibentur, ad annuntiationem Resurrectionis triumphumque Christi de morte et inferis pervenientes.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-1-15&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XVI || {{Op|[[Primitus producatur Pilatus]]}}|| ― || Latina || Scenae de Passione Christi, complectentes colloquia inter Pilatum et Iesum, necnon inter Christum et personas sicut caecum et Zacchaeum. Ingressus Iesu in Hierosolymam et puerorum cantus pariter describuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XVII || {{Op|[[Diu mukke muoz sich sere muen]]}}|| [[Freidank]]|| {{Verba latinizanda|Middle High German}} || {{Verba latinizanda|Contains proverbs and observations on human nature and the animal world, reflecting popular wisdom and social critique.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Supplementum 16-26a
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_csu2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XVIII || {{Op|[[Magnificat]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Includes invocations and prayers to the Virgin Mary, praising her purity and role as Mother of God.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XIX || {{Op|[[Katerine collaudemus]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|A hymn to Saint Catherine, praising her virtues and courage before Judge Maxentius.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XX || {{Op|[[Pange Lingua]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|A hymn celebrating the martyrdom of a virgin.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXI || {{Op|[[Presens Dies]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Describes the martyrdom of Saint Catherine, including her dispute with philosophers and the miracle of oil flowing from her tomb.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXII || {{Op|[[Hac in die mentes pie]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Narrates the story of Saint Catherine, her faith, her dispute with Maxentius, and her martyrdom.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXIII || {{Op|[[Cantus Ioseph ab Arimathia]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|A song of Joseph of Arimathea asking Pilate for permission to bury Jesus.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXIV || {{Op|[[Cum iubilo iubilemus virgini Marie]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Prayers and invocations to Mary.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXV || {{Op|[[Tempore completorii traditus est Dominus]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Reflections on the time of Christ’s Passion.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXVI || {{Op|[[Incipit exemplum apparitionis Domini]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Describes the appearance of Jesus to the disciples on the road to Emmaus and to Thomas.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|-
| CB Suppl. XXVIa || {{Op|[[Hoc finito producatur mater Domini]]}}|| ― || Latina || {{Verba latinizanda|Describes the appearance of Jesus to the disciples on the road to Emmaus and to Thomas.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;supplementum-16-26a&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Schmeller, 1847
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Schmeller
		| nomen = Iohannes Andreas
		| titulus = Carmina Burana: Lateinische und deutsche Lieder und Gedichte einer Handschrift des XIII. Jahrhunderts aus Benedictbeuern
		| annus = 1847
		| lingua = de
	}}
}}
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Rossi
		| nomen = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| editio = 8
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| lingua = it
		| locus = Mediolani
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}
[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]</text>
      <sha1>3kjyj1jl2chutb3wd15sx0vh8ssk3hf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Carmina Burana</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>323900</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993604</id>
      <parentid>3990375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:38:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nomen paginae mutatum est</comment>
      <origin>3993604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13909" sha1="123lwkwcacxnvcisayo449la0haygd0" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa navigationis
| formula  = Carmina Burana
| nomen    = Carmina Burana
| titulus  = [[Carmina Burana]]
| imago    = 
| status   = autocollapse

| grex1    = Carmina&lt;br&gt;([[Index Carminum Buranorum|Index]])
| index1   = 
'''Carmina moralia et satirica (1–55)''': ''[[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]]'' · ''[[Responde, qui tanta cupis|CB 2]]'' · ''[[Ecce torpet probitas|CB 3]]'' · ''[[Amaris stupens casibus|CB 4]]'' · ''[[Flete flenda|CB 5]]'' · ''[[Florebat olim studium|CB 6]]'' · ''[[Postquam nobilitas|CB 7]]'' · ''[[Licet eger cum egrotis|CB 8]]'' · ''[[Iudas gehennam meruit|CB 9]]'' · ''[[Ecce sonat in aperto|CB 10]]'' · ''[[In terra summus|CB 11]]'' · ''[[Procurans odium|CB 12]]'' · ''[[Invidus invidia|CB 13]]'' · ''[[O varium Fortune|CB 14]]'' · ''[[Celum, non animum|CB 15]]'' · ''[[Fortune plango vulnera|CB 16]]'' · ''[[O Fortuna|CB 17]]'' · ''[[O Fortuna levis|CB 18]]'' · ''[[Regnabo; regno; regnavi; sum sine regno|CB 18a]]'' · ''[[Fas et nefas ambulant|CB 19]]'' · ''[[Est modus in verbis|CB 20]]'' · ''[[Veritas veritatum|CB 21]]'' · ''[[Homo, quo vigeas vide!|CB 22]]'' · ''[[Vide, qui nosti litteras|CB 23]]'' · ''[[Iste mundus furibundus|CB 24]]'' · ''[[Vivere sub meta|CB 25]]'' · ''[[Ad cor tuum revertere|CB 26]]'' · ''[[Bonum est confidere|CB 27]]'' · ''[[Laudat rite deum|CB 28]]'' · ''[[In lacu miserie|CB 29]]'' · ''[[Dum iuventus floruit|CB 30]]'' · ''[[Vite Perdite|CB 31]]'' · ''[[Cur homo torquetur|CB 32]]'' · ''[[Non te lusisse pudeat|CB 33]]'' · ''[[Deduc, Sion, uberrimas|CB 34]]'' · ''[[Magnus, maior, maximus|CB 35]]'' · ''[[Nulli beneficium|CB 36]]'' · ''[[In Gedeonis area|CB 37]]'' · ''[[Doctrinae verba paucis|CB 38]]'' · ''[[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]]'' · ''[[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]]'' · ''[[Cum vadis ad altare|CB 39b]]'' · ''[[Quicquid habes meriti|CB 40]]'' · ''[[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]]'' · ''[[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]]'' · ''[[Roma, tue mentis oblita sanitate|CB 43]]'' · ''[[In illo tempore|CB 44]]'' · ''[[Roma tenens morem|CB 45]]'' · ''[[Fides cum Ydolatria|CB 46]]'' · ''[[Crucifigat omnes|CB 47]]'' · ''[[Curritur ad vocem|CB 47a]]'' · ''[[Quod spiritu David precinuit|CB 48]]'' · ''[[Horstu, uriunt, den wahter an der cinne|CB 48a]]'' · ''[[Tonat evangelica clara vox in mundo|CB 49]]'' · ''[[Heu, voce flebili cogor enarrare|CB 50]]'' · ''[[Debacchatur mundus pomo|CB 51]]'' · ''[[Imperator rex Grecorum|CB 51a]]'' · ''[[Nomen a solemnibus|CB 52]]'' · ''[[Anno Christi incarnationis|CB 53]]'' · ''[[Passeres illos, qui transmigrant supra montes|CB 53a]]'' · ''[[Omne genus demoniorum|CB 54]]'' · ''[[Amara tanta tyri|CB 55]]''

'''Carmina amatoria (56–186)''': ''[[Ianus annum circinat|CB 56]]'' · ''[[Bruma, veris emula|CB 57]]'' · ''[[Iam ver oritur|CB 58]]'' · ''[[Ecce, chorus virginum|CB 59]]'' · ''[[Captus amore gravi|CB 60]]'' · ''[[Cupido mentem gyrat|CB 60a]]'' · ''[[Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio|CB 61]]'' · ''[[Dum Diane vitrea|CB 62]]'' · ''[[Olim sudor Herculis|CB 63]]'' · ''[[Prima Cleonei tolerata|CB 64]]'' · ''[[Quocumque more motu|CB 65]]'' · ''[[Acteon, Lampos, Erythreus et Philogeus|CB 66]]'' · ''[[A globo veteri|CB 67]]'' · ''[[Saturni sidus lividum|CB 68]]'' · ''[[Estas in exilium|CB 69]]'' · ''[[Estatis florigero tempore|CB 70]]'' · ''[[Axe Phebus aureo|CB 71]]'' · ''[[Grates ago Veneri|CB 72]]'' · ''[[Clauso Cronos|CB 73]]'' · ''[[Letabundus rediit|CB 74]]'' · ''[[Omittamus studia|CB 75]]'' · ''[[Dum caupona verterem|CB 76]]'' · ''[[Si linguis angelicis|CB 77]]'' · ''[[Anni novi rediit novitas|CB 78]]'' · ''[[Estivali sub fervore|CB 79]]'' · ''[[Estivali gaudio|CB 80]]'' · ''[[Solis iubar nituit|CB 81]]'' · ''[[Frigus hinc est horridum|CB 82]]'' · ''[[Sevit aure spiritus|CB 83]]'' · ''[[Dum prius inculta|CB 84]]'' · ''[[Veris dulcis in tempore (CB 85)|CB 85]]'' · ''[[Non contrecto quam affecto|CB 86]]'' · ''[[Amor tenet omnia|CB 87]]'' · ''[[Amor habet superos|CB 88]]'' · ''[[Iove cum Mercurio|CB 88a]]'' · ''[[Nos duo boni|CB 89]]'' · ''[[Exit diluculo|CB 90]]'' · ''[[Sacerdotes, mementote|CB 91]]'' · ''[[Anni parte florida|CB 92]]'' · ''[[Hortum habet insula|CB 93]]'' · ''[[Cum Fortuna voluit|CB 93a]]'' · ''[[Congaudentes ludite|CB 94]]'' · ''[[Cur suspectum me tenet domina|CB 95]]'' · ''[[Iuvenes amorifer|CB 96]]'' · ''[[O Antioche, cur decipis me|CB 97]]'' · ''[[Troie post excidium|CB 98]]'' · ''[[Superbi Paridis leve iudicium|CB 99]]'' · ''[[Armat amor Paridem|CB 99a]]'' · ''[[Prebuit Eneas|CB 99b]]'' · ''[[Oh decus, o Lybie regnum|CB 100]]'' · ''[[Pergama frele volo|CB 101]]'' · ''[[Fervet amore Paris|CB 102]]'' · ''[[Eia dolor!|CB 103]]'' · ''[[Egre fero quod egroto|CB 104]]'' · ''[[Non honor est|CB 104a]]'' · ''[[Dum curata vegetarem|CB 105]]'' · ''[[Veneris vincula|CB 106]]'' · ''[[Dira vi amoris teror|CB 107]]'' · ''[[Vacillantis trutine|CB 108]]'' · ''[[Multiformi succendente|CB 109]]'' · ''[[Quis furor est in amore!|CB 110]]'' · ''[[O comes amoris dolor|CB 111]]'' · ''[[Dudum voveram|CB 112]]'' · ''[[Div mich singen tuot|CB 112a]]'' · ''[[Transit nix et glacies|CB 113]]'' · ''[[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot|CB 113a]]'' · ''[[Tempus accedit floridum|CB 114]]'' · ''[[Der al der werlt ein meister si|CB 114a]]'' · ''[[Nobilis mei miserere precor!|CB 115]]'' · ''[[Edile vrowe min|CB 115a]]'' · ''[[Sic mea fata canendo solor|CB 116]]'' · ''[[Lingua mendax et dolosa|CB 117]]'' · ''[[Doleo quod nimium|CB 118]]'' · ''[[Dulce solum natalis patrie|CB 119]]'' · ''[[Semper ad omne|CB 119a]]'' · ''[[Rumor letalis|CB 120]]'' · ''[[Vincit Amor quemque|CB 120a]]'' · ''[[Tange sodes citharam|CB 121]]'' · ''[[Non est crimen amor|CB 121a]]'' · ''[[Expirante primitivo|CB 122]]'' · ''[[Vite presentis|CB 122a]]'' · ''[[Versa est in luctum cithara Waltheri|CB 123]]'' · ''[[Ludit in humanis|CB 123a]]'' · ''[[Dum Philippus moritur|CB 124]]'' · ''[[Ante Dei vultum|CB 125]]'' · ''[[Huc usque me miseram!|CB 126]]'' · ''[[Deus pater adiuva|CB 127]]'' · ''[[Remigabat naufragus|CB 128]]'' · ''[[Exul ego clericus|CB 129]]'' · ''[[Olim lacus colueram|CB 130]]'' · ''[[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]]'' · ''[[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]]'' · ''[[Iam vernali tempore|CB 132]]'' · ''[[Hic volucres celi referam sermone fideli|CB 133]]'' · ''[[Nomina paucarum sunt hic socianda ferarum|CB 134]]'' · ''[[Cedit hiems tua durities|CB 135]]'' · ''[[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan|CB 135a]]'' · ''[[Omnia sol temperat|CB 136]]'' · ''[[Solde ih noch den tach geleben|CB 136a]]'' · ''[[Ver redit optatum|CB 137]]'' · ''[[Springerwir den reigen|CB 137a]]'' · ''[[Veri leta facies|CB 138]]'' · ''[[In liehter varwe|CB 138a]]'' · ''[[Tempus transit horridum|CB 139]]'' · ''[[Zergangen ist der winder chalt|CB 139a]]'' · ''[[Terra iam pandit gremium|CB 140]]'' · ''[[Nu suln wir alle froude han|CB 140a]]'' · ''[[Florent omnes arbores|CB 141]]'' · ''[[Div heide gruonet vnde der walt|CB 141a]]'' · ''[[Tempus adest floridum (Carmina Burana)|CB 142]]'' · ''[[Ih solde eines morgenes gan|CB 142a]]'' · ''[[Ecce gratum|CB 143]]'' · ''[[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot|CB 143a]]'' · ''[[Iam iam virent prata|CB 144]]'' · ''[[Ich han gesehen|CB 144a]]'' · ''[[Musa venit carmine|CB 145]]'' · ''[[Uvere div werlt alle min|CB 145a]]'' · ''[[Tellus flore vario vestitur|CB 146]]'' · ''[[Nahtegal, sing einen don mit sinne|CB 146a]]'' · ''[[Si de more cum honore|CB 147]]'' · ''[[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone|CB 147a]]'' · ''[[Floret tellus floribus|CB 148]]'' · ''[[Nu sin stolz vnde hovisch|CB 148a]]'' · ''[[Floret silva nobilis|CB 149]]'' · ''[[Redivivo vernat flore|CB 150]]'' · ''[[Ich pin cheiser ane chrone|CB 150a]]'' · ''[[Virent prata hiemata|CB 151]]'' · ''[[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest|CB 151a]]'' · ''[[Estas non apparuit|CB 152]]'' · ''[[Ich gesach den sumer nie|CB 152a]]'' · ''[[Tempus transit gelidum|CB 153]]'' · ''[[Vrowe, ih pin dir undertan|CB 153a]]'' · ''[[Est Amor alatus|CB 154]]'' · ''[[Quam pulchra nitet facie|CB 155]]'' · ''[[Si ist schouner den urowe Dido was|CB 155a]]'' · ''[[Salve ver optatum|CB 156]]'' · ''[[Lucis orto sidere|CB 157]]'' · ''[[Vere dulci mediante|CB 158]]'' · ''[[Veris dulcis in tempore (CB 159)|CB 159]]'' · ''[[Dum estas inchoatur|CB 160]]'' · ''[[Ab estatis foribus|CB 161]]'' · ''[[Diu werlt frovt sih uber als|CB 161a]]'' · ''[[O consocii, quid vobis videtur?|CB 162]]'' · ''[[Svoziv vrowe min|CB 162a]]'' · ''[[Longa spes et dubia|CB 163]]'' · ''[[Eine wunnechliche stat|CB 163a]]'' · ''[[Ob amoris pressuram|CB 164]]'' · ''[[Ih wolde gerne singen|CB 164a]]'' · ''[[Amor telum est insignis Veneris|CB 165]]'' · ''[[Mir ist ein wip sere|CB 165a]]'' · ''[[Iam dudum Amoris militem|CB 166]]'' · ''[[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben|CB 166a]]'' · ''[[Laboris remedium|CB 167]]'' · ''[[Swaz hie gat umbe|CB 167a]]'' · ''[[Annualis mea sospes sit et gaudeat!|CB 168]]'' · ''[[Nu grvonet auer div heide|CB 168a]]'' · ''[[Habet sidus leti visus|CB 169]]'' · ''[[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest|CB 169a]]'' · ''[[Quelibet succenditur vivens creatura|CB 170]]'' · ''[[Min vrowe Uenus ist so guot|CB 170a]]'' · ''[[De pollicito mea mens elata|CB 171]]'' · ''[[Vrowe, wesent vro!|CB 171a]]'' · ''[[Lude, ludat, ludite|CB 172]]'' · ''[[Ich han eine senede not|CB 172a]]'' · ''[[Revirescit et florescit|CB 173]]'' · ''[[Wol ir libe, div so schone|CB 173a]]'' · ''[[Veni, veni, venias|CB 174]]'' · ''[[Chume, chume, geselle min|CB 174a]]'' · ''[[Pre amoris tedio|CB 175]]'' · ''[[Taugen minne div ist guot|CB 175a]]'' · ''[[Non est in medico|CB 176]]'' · ''[[Stetit puella rufa|CB 177]]'' · ''[[Volo virum vivere viriliter|CB 178]]'' · ''[[Ich wil den sumer gruzen|CB 178a]]'' · ''[[Tempus est iocundum|CB 179]]'' · ''[[Einen brief ich sande|CB 179a]]'' · ''[[O mi dilectissima!|CB 180]]'' · ''[[Ich wil truren varen lan|CB 180a]]'' · ''[[Quam Natura ceteris|CB 181]]'' · ''[[Der winder zeiget sine chraft|CB 181a]]'' · ''[[Sol solo in stellifero|CB 182]]'' · ''[[Vns chumet ein lichte sumerzit|CB 182a]]'' · ''[[Si puer cum puellula|CB 183]]'' · ''[[Ich sich den morgensterne brehen|CB 183a]]'' · ''[[Virgo quedam nobilis|CB 184]]'' · ''[[Ich was ein chint so wolgetan|CB 185]]'' · ''[[Suscipe flos florem|CB 186]]''

'''Carmina potoria (187–226)''': ''[[O curas hominum|CB 187]]'' · ''[[Diligitur colitur|CB 188]]'' · ''[[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]]'' · ''[[Sunt detractores|CB 190]]'' · ''[[Aestuans interius|CB 191]]'' · ''[[Cum sit fama multiplex|CB 191a]]'' · ''[[Si quis displiceat pravis|CB 192]]'' · ''[[Denudata veritate|CB 193]]'' · ''[[In cratere meo|CB 194]]'' · ''[[Si quis Deciorum|CB 195]]'' · ''[[In taberna quando sumus|CB 196]]'' · ''[[Dum domus lapidea|CB 197]]'' · ''[[Mella cibus dulcis|CB 198]]'' · ''[[Puri Bacchi meritum|CB 199]]'' · ''[[Bacche, bene venies|CB 200]]'' · ''[[Tu das, Bacche, loqui|CB 201]]'' · ''[[O potores exquisiti|CB 202]]'' · ''[[Hiemali tempore|CB 203]]'' · ''[[Vns seit uon Lutringen Helfrich|CB 203a]]'' · ''[[Urbs salve regia|CB 204]]'' · ''[[Hospes laudatur|CB 205]]'' · ''[[Hircus quando bibit|CB 206]]'' · ''[[Tessera blandita fueras michi|CB 207]]'' · ''[[Littera bis bina|CB 208]]'' · ''[[Roch, pedites, regina|CB 209]]'' · ''[[Qui cupit egregium scachorum|CB 210]]'' · ''[[Alte clamat Epicurus|CB 211]]'' · ''[[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde|CB 211a]]'' · ''[[Non iubeo quemquam|CB 212]]'' · ''[[Sperne lucrum|CB 213]]'' · ''[[Si preceptorum superest|CB 214]]'' · ''[[Lugeamus omnes in Decio|CB 215]]'' · ''[[Omnipotens sempiterne Deus|CB 215a]]'' · ''[[Tempus hoc letitie|CB 216]]'' · ''[[Iocundemur socii|CB 217]]'' · ''[[Audientes audiant|CB 218]]'' · ''[[Cum «In orbem universum»|CB 219]]'' · ''[[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]]'' · ''[[Nullus ita parcus est|CB 220a]]'' · ''[[Cum animadverterem, dicit Cato|CB 221]]'' · ''[[Ego sum Abbas Cucaniensis|CB 222]]'' · ''[[Res dare pro rebus|CB 223]]'' · ''[[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]]'' · ''[[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]]'' · ''[[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]]''

'''Ludi (227–228)''': ''[[Primo ponatur sedes Augustino|CB 227]]'' · ''[[Rex Egypti cum comitatu suo|CB 228]]''

'''Supplementum (1–26a)''': ''[[Sancte ERASME|Supp. I]]'' · ''[[Ich lob die liben frowen min|Supp. II]]'' · ''[[Iam dudum estivalia|Supp. III]]'' · ''[[Flete, fideles anime|Supp. IV]]'' · ''[[Furibundi cum aceto mixto felle|Supp. V]]'' · ''[[Pange vox adonis|Supp. VI]]'' · ''[[In anegenge was ein wort|Supp. VII]]'' · ''[[O comes amoris dolor (CB Supp. VIII)|Supp. VIII]]'' · ''[[Mundus finem properans|Supp. IX]]'' · ''[[Deus largus in naturis|Supp. X]]'' · ''[[Ave Nobilis|Supp. XI]]'' · ''[[Christi sponsa Katharina|Supp. XII]]'' · ''[[Ludus breviter de passione primo inchoatur ita|Supp. XIII]]'' · ''[[Planctus ante nescia|Supp. XIV]]'' · ''[[Cantatis matutinis in die pasche|Supp. XV]]'' · ''[[Primitus producatur Pilatus|Supp. XVI]]'' · ''[[Diu mukke muoz sich sere muen|Supp. XVII]]'' · ''[[Magnificat anima mea Dominum|Supp. XVIII]]'' · ''[[Katerine collaudemus|Supp. XIX]]'' · ''[[Pange, lingua, gloriose|Supp. XX]]'' · ''[[Presens Dies|Supp. XXI]]'' · ''[[Hac in die mentes pie|Supp. XXII]]'' · ''[[Cantus Ioseph ab Arimathia|Supp. XXIII]]'' · ''[[Cum iubilo iubilemus virgini Marie|Supp. XXIV]]'' · ''[[Tempore completorii traditus est Dominus|Supp. XXV]]'' · ''[[Incipit exemplum apparitionis Domini|Supp. XXVI]]'' · ''[[Hoc finito producatur mater Domini|Supp. XXVIa]]''

| grex2    = Argumenta
| index2   = 
[[Authentica Habita]] · 
[[Carmina Cantabrigiensia]] ·
[[Clerici vagantes]] · 
[[Goliardia]] · 
[[Latinitas mediaevalis|Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] · 
[[Litterae mediaevales]] · 
[[Universitas medii aevi]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Categoria:Capsae navigationis litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>123lwkwcacxnvcisayo449la0haygd0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Omittamus studia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>324483</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993600</id>
      <parentid>3957408</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:36:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Omittamus Studia]] ad [[Omittamus studia]]: Nomenclatura uniformis</comment>
      <origin>3957408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4478" sha1="3fv4tirvivg484fgjh7of4aqqkrvztd" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lres|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71-87
| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
1. Omittamus studia,
dulce est desipere,
et carpamus dulcia
iuventutis tenere!
res est apra senectuti
seriis intendere,
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

Refl.Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

2. Ver etatis labitur,
hiems nostra properat,
vita damnum patitur,
cura carnem macerat.
sanguis aret, hebet pectus,
minuuntur gaudia,
nos deterret iam senectus
morborum familia.

Refl.Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

3. Imitemur superos!
digna est sententia,
et amoris teneros
iam venantur retia.
voto nostro serviamus!
mos est iste numinum.
ad plateas descendamus
et choreas virginum!

Refl.Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

4. Ibi, que fit facilis,
est videndi copia,
ibi fulget mobilis
membrorum lascivia.
dum puelle se movendo
gestibus lasciviunt,
asto videns, et videndo
me michi subripiunt.

Refl.Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poeta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari volens.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;

Argumentum carminis locum communem ''[[Carpe diem]]'' sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Horatius|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268&lt;/ref&gt;

Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in carmine CXXXVI) sed etiam apud poetas antiquos occurrit; [[Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae ver ageret cecinit, dum [[Ovidius]] in ''Metamorphosibus'' de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen opponit languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi, quae imagines a [[Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269&lt;/ref&gt;

Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem pertinent ad traditionem ethnicam, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in carmine LXXXVIII legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in carmine CLIII rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in ''Arte amatoria'' derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269&lt;/ref&gt;

Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est. &lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>3fv4tirvivg484fgjh7of4aqqkrvztd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993602</id>
      <parentid>3993600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:36:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam redintegravi; minora</comment>
      <origin>3993602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5090" sha1="i1fmi7bcve9oum3azuluid8wfxav078" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1.}}Omittamus studia,
dulce est desipere,
et carpamus dulcia
iuventutis tenere!
res est apra senectuti
seriis intendere,
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2.}}Ver etatis labitur,
hiems nostra properat,
vita damnum patitur,
cura carnem macerat.
sanguis aret, hebet pectus,
minuuntur gaudia,
nos deterret iam senectus
morborum familia.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Imitemur superos!
digna est sententia,
et amoris teneros
iam venantur retia.
voto nostro serviamus!
mos est iste numinum.
ad plateas descendamus
et choreas virginum!

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4.}}Ibi, que fit facilis,
est videndi copia,
ibi fulget mobilis
membrorum lascivia.
dum puelle se movendo
gestibus lasciviunt,
asto videns, et videndo
me michi subripiunt.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poëta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari cupiens.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;

Argumentum carminis locum communem {{Op|[[Carpe diem]]}} sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carminamatoria71-87&quot;/&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p268&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 268.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in [[Omnia sol temperat|carmine CXXXVI]]) sed etiam apud poëtas antiquos occurrit; [[Gaius Valerius Catullus|Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae [[ver]] ageret cecinit, dum [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] in {{Op|[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosibus]]}} de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi opponit, quae imagines a [[Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;

Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem ad traditionem ethnicam pertinent, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in carmine [[Amor habet superos|LXXXVIII]] legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in [[Tempus transit gelidum|carmine CLIII]] rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in {{Op|Arte amatoria}} derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>i1fmi7bcve9oum3azuluid8wfxav078</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993603</id>
      <parentid>3993602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:38:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3993603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5105" sha1="4ruciq356eqrs6iqtcyi9lj62h1ke26" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1.}}Omittamus studia,
dulce est desipere,
et carpamus dulcia
iuventutis tenere!
res est apra senectuti
seriis intendere,
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2.}}Ver etatis labitur,
hiems nostra properat,
vita damnum patitur,
cura carnem macerat.
sanguis aret, hebet pectus,
minuuntur gaudia,
nos deterret iam senectus
morborum familia.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Imitemur superos!
digna est sententia,
et amoris teneros
iam venantur retia.
voto nostro serviamus!
mos est iste numinum.
ad plateas descendamus
et choreas virginum!

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4.}}Ibi, que fit facilis,
est videndi copia,
ibi fulget mobilis
membrorum lascivia.
dum puelle se movendo
gestibus lasciviunt,
asto videns, et videndo
me michi subripiunt.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poëta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari cupiens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum carminis locum communem {{Op|[[Carpe diem]]}} sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p268&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 268.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in [[Omnia sol temperat|carmine CXXXVI]]) sed etiam apud poëtas antiquos occurrit; [[Gaius Valerius Catullus|Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae [[ver]] ageret cecinit, dum [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] in {{Op|[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosibus]]}} de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi opponit, quae imagines a [[Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;

Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem ad traditionem ethnicam pertinent, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in carmine [[Amor habet superos|LXXXVIII]] legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in [[Tempus transit gelidum|carmine CLIII]] rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in {{Op|Arte amatoria}} derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>4ruciq356eqrs6iqtcyi9lj62h1ke26</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993607</id>
      <parentid>3993603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3993607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5105" sha1="7vukx3csy8wpti4s60n3pvdkfoxffyd" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1.}}Omittamus studia,
dulce est desipere,
et carpamus dulcia
iuventutis tenere!
res est apra senectuti
seriis intendere,
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2.}}Ver etatis labitur,
hiems nostra properat,
vita damnum patitur,
cura carnem macerat.
sanguis aret, hebet pectus,
minuuntur gaudia,
nos deterret iam senectus
morborum familia.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Imitemur superos!
digna est sententia,
et amoris teneros
iam venantur retia.
voto nostro serviamus!
mos est iste numinum.
ad plateas descendamus
et choreas virginum!

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4.}}Ibi, que fit facilis,
est videndi copia,
ibi fulget mobilis
membrorum lascivia.
dum puelle se movendo
gestibus lasciviunt,
asto videns, et videndo
me michi subripiunt.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poëta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari cupiens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum carminis locum communem {{Op|[[Carpe diem]]}} sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p268&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 268.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in [[Omnia sol temperat|carmine CXXXVI]]) sed etiam apud poëtas antiquos occurrit; [[Gaius Valerius Catullus|Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae [[ver]] ageret cecinit, dum [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] in {{Op|[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosibus]]}} de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi opponit, quae imagines a [[Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;

Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem ad traditionem ethnicam pertinent, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in [[Amor habet superos|carmine LXXXVIII]] legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in [[Tempus transit gelidum|carmine CLIII]] rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in {{Op|Arte amatoria}} derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>7vukx3csy8wpti4s60n3pvdkfoxffyd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993608</id>
      <parentid>3993607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Investigatio critica */</comment>
      <origin>3993608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5122" sha1="5rg9bim7sawqct8fj2bz9boi98165x4" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|1.}}Omittamus studia,
dulce est desipere,
et carpamus dulcia
iuventutis tenere!
res est apra senectuti
seriis intendere,
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|2.}}Ver etatis labitur,
hiems nostra properat,
vita damnum patitur,
cura carnem macerat.
sanguis aret, hebet pectus,
minuuntur gaudia,
nos deterret iam senectus
morborum familia.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|3.}}Imitemur superos!
digna est sententia,
et amoris teneros
iam venantur retia.
voto nostro serviamus!
mos est iste numinum.
ad plateas descendamus
et choreas virginum!

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|4.}}Ibi, que fit facilis,
est videndi copia,
ibi fulget mobilis
membrorum lascivia.
dum puelle se movendo
gestibus lasciviunt,
asto videns, et videndo
me michi subripiunt.

{{Nota typographica|style=margin-right: .5em;|(Refl.)}}Velox etas preterit
studio detenta,
lascivire suggerit
tenera iuventa.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poëta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari cupiens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum carminis locum communem {{Op|[[Carpe diem]]}} sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p268&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 268.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in [[Omnia sol temperat|carmine CXXXVI]]) sed etiam apud poëtas antiquos occurrit; [[Gaius Valerius Catullus|Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae [[ver]] ageret cecinit, dum [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] in {{Op|[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosibus]]}} de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi opponit, quae imagines a [[Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;

Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem ad traditionem ethnicam pertinent, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in [[Amor habet superos|carmine LXXXVIII]] legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in [[Tempus transit gelidum|carmine CLIII]] rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in {{Op|[[Ars amatoria|Arte amatoria]]}} derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-p269&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>5rg9bim7sawqct8fj2bz9boi98165x4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Christiernus Henriksén</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993553</id>
      <parentid>3989979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:09:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Capsam hominis wikidatorum addidi</comment>
      <origin>3993553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2256" sha1="02y8jpwgpwqwjxian5ws0vp37j6q5vd" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}'''Christiernus Henriksén''' ([[Suecice]] ''Christer Henriksén''; [[24 Novembris]] [[1967]] natus) est [[professor]] [[Latine|linguae Latinae]] [[Suecia|Suecus]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]]. Expertus [[epigramma]]tum est et [[praeses vicarius]] [[Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae|Instituti Romani Regni Sueticae]] (Suetice ''Svenska institutet i Rom'', [Italiane]] ''Istituto Svedese di studi classici a Roma'').

== Selectio operum Christierni Henriksén ==
* 2019, ''A Companion to Ancient Epigram'' ([[Hobocen|Hoboceni]]: Wiley-Blackwell) (editor).
* 2018, &quot;Inside Epigram: Intratextuality in Martial's Epigrams, Book 10,&quot; in ''Intratextuality and Latin Literature'', [[Stephen Harrison]], [[Stavros Frangoulidis]], [[Theodore D. Papanghelis]] editores ([[Berolinum|Berolini]] et [[Bostonia|Bostoniae]]: Walter de Gruyter).
* 2013, ''Sylloge incriptionum Graecarum et Latinarum Upsaliensis'' / ''The Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Collections of Uppsala University'' ([[Holmia|Holmiae]]: [[Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae]]).
* 2012, ''A Commentary on Martial,'' Epigrams ''Book 9'' ([[Oxonia|Oxoniae]]: Oxford University Press).
* 2007, ''Miraculum Eruditionis: Neo-Latin Studies in Honour of Hans Helander'' ([[Upsalia|Uppsaliae]]: Act Universitatis Upsaliensis) (editor, cum [[Maria Berggren]]).
* 2006, &quot;Martial's Modes of Mourning: Sepulchral Epitaphs in the Epigrams,&quot; in ''Flavian Poetry'', [[Ruud R. Nauta]], [[Johannes J. L. Smolenaars]], [[Harm-Jan van Dam]] editores ([[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Brill), pp. 349-67.
* 2004, &quot;Memoriae feliciter: A Rediscovered Inscription in the Sala delle Muse and Four Roman Women,&quot; ''Bolletino'' 24, pp. 55-70.
* 1998, &quot;Martial, Book IX: A Commentary,&quot; PhD dissertatio, in Universitate Upsaliense.
* 1997. &quot;Earinus: An Imperial Eunuch in the Light of the Poems of Martial and Statius,&quot; ''Mnemosyne'' 50, pp. 281-94.

== Nexus externi ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260817180730/https://isvroma.org/ Institutum Romanum Regni Sueticae]
* [https://www.uu.se/kontakt-och-organisation/personal?query=N94-1870 Situs Christierni Henriksén Upsaliensis]

[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]</text>
      <sha1>02y8jpwgpwqwjxian5ws0vp37j6q5vd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nipigon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328769</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993558</id>
      <parentid>3990704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:19:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1465" sha1="j5btn796ods64uxy3g9v5u98nrjsg10" xml:space="preserve">[[Imago:Lake Nipigon.JPG|thumb|Lacus Nipigon]]
{{res|Nipigon}}&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [[binomen|binomina]] ''Billaea nipigonensis, Dialonectria nipigonensis, Nectria nipigonensis'' etc.&lt;/ref&gt;, vel in tabulis veterioribus {{res|Lacus Sanctae Annae}}&lt;ref&gt;J. Cary. [https://archive.org/details/dr_a-new-map-of-upper--lower-canada-from-the-latest-authorities-by-john-car-00644040 ''A new map of Upper &amp; Lower Canada'', 1807]; [https://digital.library.queensu.ca/north-america-sheet-iv-lake-superior-reduced-admiralty-survey-published-society-diffusion-useful ''North America sheet IV Lake Superior'', 1832]. Vel ''Lacus Alimibegouecus'' (v. [http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/maps/id/217/rec/13 tabulam]).&lt;/ref&gt;, est lacus in [[Ontario]]ne provincia [[Canada]]e. [[Area (geometria)|Aream]] habet 4848 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]], ripas perplexe curvatas et insulas innumeras. In silvis desertis et paludinosis situs est. [[Nipigon (flumen)|Flumen eiusdem nominis]] aquam lacus Nipigonis in [[lacus Superior|lacum Superiorem]] aufert.

Lacus Nipigon et lacus [[Manitoba]]e magni reliquiae sunt lacus praehistorici [[Agassiz (lacus)|Agassiz]] vel [[systema fluviorum|systematis]] eius, quem [[Aevum glaciale|glaciarium]] recedens alebat; ante 10 vel 12 milia annorum aquae Agassiz per [[Nelson (flumen)|flumen Nelson]] novum demissae sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Lacus Ontarionis]]</text>
      <sha1>j5btn796ods64uxy3g9v5u98nrjsg10</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>328949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993508</id>
      <parentid>3993374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:20:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De morali investigatione */</comment>
      <origin>3993508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5815" sha1="9z3act6vy116lxo7abp7xls32bguo0a" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}} 
[[Fasciculus:(Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg|thumb|Pompei caput antiquitus sculptum.]]
'''''Vita Pompei''''' est [[biographia]] [[Pompeius|Gnaei Pompei Magni]], illustrissimi ducis Romani (106-48 a.C.n.) ter [[Consul|consulis]], a [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] [[scriptor]]e [[Graecia antiqua|Graeco]] composita et in ''[[Vitae parallelae|Vitis parallelis]]'' cum [[Reges Spartae|rege Spartano]] [[Agesilaus II (rex Spartae)|Agesilao II]]  comparata fortasse ob longum temporis spatium quo uterque primas partes in patria sua egit. Praeterea ambo in Asia bellum gesserunt et in Aegypto perierunt. Cetera vero satis dissimilia erant. Haec vita quinto decimo saeculo ab Antonio Tudertino Latine versa est et deinde saepe prelo mandata usque ad sedecimum saeculum.

== De fontibus ==
Plutarchus vitas suas e prioribus libris componere solebat atque simul pluribus fontibus utebatur quas inter se comparabat. Nihilominus raro auctores nuncupatim citabat nisi cum eis dissentiebat et proprium iudicium introducere cupiebat ita ostendens se non omnia omnibus velle credere. In hac vita sex fontes nominat Ciceronem&lt;ref&gt;42.13 et 63.2 et 64.6..&lt;/ref&gt;, Caesarem&lt;ref&gt;63.1 et 3-4, 69.7. Cf ''De Bello civili'' I.24.4-6, I.29 et III.92&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 a.C.n.)|Asinium Pollionem]]&lt;ref&gt;72.4.&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Gaium Oppium]] amicum Caesaris et laudatorem&lt;ref&gt;4.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; cuius testimonio Plutarchus et in [[Vita Iulii Caesaris (Plutarchus)|vita dictatoris]] utebatur, quinquies [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem Mytilenaeum]] qui res gestas patroni sui Pompei [[Panegyricus|panegyrice]] narraverat, [[Timagenes|Timagenem Alexandrinum]]. E quibus Theophanem&lt;ref&gt;37.4 et 40.13-4.&lt;/ref&gt;, Oppium&lt;ref&gt;4.9.&lt;/ref&gt;, Timagenem&lt;ref&gt;49.13&lt;/ref&gt; studio a veritate nonnumquam aberrasse non dubitabat.

Certe Plutarchus nec Caesarem nec Ciceronem neglexit sed homines harum rerum periti aestimarunt praecipuos fontes huius vitae fortasse ''Historias'' fuisse [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallustii]] (quem non nominabat) et scripta Theophanis qui Pompeium familiarissime norat et eum in Asia comitabatur; fortasse etiam ab anno 60 Asinium Pollionem. E quibus Theophanes Pompeio favebat, Sallustius non favebat. Etenim biographia Plutarchi et ingentia merita herois sui sed etiam peccata et vanitatem ostendit.

Ornamenti causa ut qui litterarum studiosus amator erat etiam poetas citabat:  Homerum (29.5, 36.8, 53.10, 72.2), Aeschylum (1.1), Sophoclem (78.7), Euripidem (73.11).

== De morali investigatione ==
In biographis suis Plutarchus mores imprimis herois sui patefacere cordi habebat.

Iam in duobus primis capitulis Plutarchus virtutes enumerat quae Pompeio amorem et favorem popularem meruerunt: fidem, officiosam comitatem, temperantiam, frugalitatem, generositatem, fortitudinem et industriam in armis. Bonus maritus adeo fuit ut neglecta uxorum causa res publica ei saepe obiceretur. Nec maiestas aut dignitas ei deerant nec, ut ita dicam, mores regii&lt;ref&gt;II.1.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Maximum vitium ei fuit nimia gloriae cupido et popularitatis adfectatio immoderata ita tamen ut amari vellet, non vi agere. Numquam enim arma contra patriam vertit. Nihilominus biographia evolvente Plutarchus eius peccata multa non celat (fontes Pompeio adversos quoque legebat). Ita primo [[Bellum civile (discretiva)|bello civili]] immitis perfidusque invenitur dum omnes duces adversariorum sive captos sive etiam deditos perire iubet&lt;ref&gt;Cap. 10-12 et 16 (Marcus Iunius Brutus).&lt;/ref&gt;. Vanitatem dissimulationemque eius damnat Plutarchus cum [[Bella Mithridatica|bello Mithridatico]] sibi lege mandato fingit aegre ferre parpetua imperia&lt;ref&gt;30.5-8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iniquitatem erga decessorem Lucullum ostendere non omittit&lt;ref&gt;Cap.31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et postquam ex Oriente rediit et eius consiliis obstiterunt [[Lucullus]] et [[Cato minor]] in comitiis consularibus suffragia palam emere non dubitabat&lt;ref&gt;44.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Triumviratus|Triumviratu]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociando utilitatem publicam ambitioni suae postposuit. Nam violentiae politicae viam stravit atque etiam cum leges salutares postea ferebat  se suosque propinquos supra istas leges esse existimabat&lt;ref&gt;55.6-11.&lt;/ref&gt;.

In comparatione cum Agesilao gesta Pompei sine contradictione multo maiora iudicabat sed imperatoria arte Agesilaum Romanum ducem superasse adseverabat qui paucis contra multos patriae saluti fuerat. Econtra Pompeius apud [[Proelium Pharsalicum|Pharsalum]] a minoribus copiis victus erat. Maxime indignabatur quod contra opinionem suam proelium commisisset quia pravis consiliis senatorum circum se obstrepentium diutius resistere noluisset. Quod indignum vero imperatore arbitrabatur.

In summa haec biographia mediam viam inter laudationem et vituperationem tenet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Editiones ==
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]:  Plutarque. ''Vies, tome VIII, Sertorius, Eumène. Agésilas, Pompée.'' Texte établi et traduit par R. Flacelière et E. Chambry, Les Belles Lettres, 1973 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1974_num_43_1_1758_t1_0461_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1976_num_89_424_4093_t1_0172_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*B.X. de Wet, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591666 Aspects of Plutarch's portrayal of Pompey]&quot;, ''Acta Classica'', 1981: 119-132

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus apud Vicifontem] 
*[https://www.textmanuscripts.com/tm-assets/tm-descriptions/new%20letterhead/TM%20214%20Plutarch%20Life%20of%20Pompey-%20new%20letterhead.pdf De vetere manuscripto Latinae versionis]
[[Categoria:Vitae parallelae]]

{{Nexus desiderati}}</text>
      <sha1>9z3act6vy116lxo7abp7xls32bguo0a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993544</id>
      <parentid>3993508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T16:31:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De morali investigatione */</comment>
      <origin>3993544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5827" sha1="51589rtifm9dlyi82z2aqmv7m4zhuko" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}} 
[[Fasciculus:(Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg|thumb|Pompei caput antiquitus sculptum.]]
'''''Vita Pompei''''' est [[biographia]] [[Pompeius|Gnaei Pompei Magni]], illustrissimi ducis Romani (106-48 a.C.n.) ter [[Consul|consulis]], a [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] [[scriptor]]e [[Graecia antiqua|Graeco]] composita et in ''[[Vitae parallelae|Vitis parallelis]]'' cum [[Reges Spartae|rege Spartano]] [[Agesilaus II (rex Spartae)|Agesilao II]]  comparata fortasse ob longum temporis spatium quo uterque primas partes in patria sua egit. Praeterea ambo in Asia bellum gesserunt et in Aegypto perierunt. Cetera vero satis dissimilia erant. Haec vita quinto decimo saeculo ab Antonio Tudertino Latine versa est et deinde saepe prelo mandata usque ad sedecimum saeculum.

== De fontibus ==
Plutarchus vitas suas e prioribus libris componere solebat atque simul pluribus fontibus utebatur quas inter se comparabat. Nihilominus raro auctores nuncupatim citabat nisi cum eis dissentiebat et proprium iudicium introducere cupiebat ita ostendens se non omnia omnibus velle credere. In hac vita sex fontes nominat Ciceronem&lt;ref&gt;42.13 et 63.2 et 64.6..&lt;/ref&gt;, Caesarem&lt;ref&gt;63.1 et 3-4, 69.7. Cf ''De Bello civili'' I.24.4-6, I.29 et III.92&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 a.C.n.)|Asinium Pollionem]]&lt;ref&gt;72.4.&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Gaium Oppium]] amicum Caesaris et laudatorem&lt;ref&gt;4.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; cuius testimonio Plutarchus et in [[Vita Iulii Caesaris (Plutarchus)|vita dictatoris]] utebatur, quinquies [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem Mytilenaeum]] qui res gestas patroni sui Pompei [[Panegyricus|panegyrice]] narraverat, [[Timagenes|Timagenem Alexandrinum]]. E quibus Theophanem&lt;ref&gt;37.4 et 40.13-4.&lt;/ref&gt;, Oppium&lt;ref&gt;4.9.&lt;/ref&gt;, Timagenem&lt;ref&gt;49.13&lt;/ref&gt; studio a veritate nonnumquam aberrasse non dubitabat.

Certe Plutarchus nec Caesarem nec Ciceronem neglexit sed homines harum rerum periti aestimarunt praecipuos fontes huius vitae fortasse ''Historias'' fuisse [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallustii]] (quem non nominabat) et scripta Theophanis qui Pompeium familiarissime norat et eum in Asia comitabatur; fortasse etiam ab anno 60 Asinium Pollionem. E quibus Theophanes Pompeio favebat, Sallustius non favebat. Etenim biographia Plutarchi et ingentia merita herois sui sed etiam peccata et vanitatem ostendit.

Ornamenti causa ut qui litterarum studiosus amator erat etiam poetas citabat:  Homerum (29.5, 36.8, 53.10, 72.2), Aeschylum (1.1), Sophoclem (78.7), Euripidem (73.11).

== De morali investigatione ==
In biographis suis Plutarchus mores imprimis herois sui patefacere cordi habebat.

Iam in duobus primis capitulis Plutarchus virtutes enumerat quae Pompeio amorem et favorem popularem meruerunt: fidem, officiosam comitatem, temperantiam, frugalitatem, generositatem, fortitudinem et industriam in armis. Bonus maritus adeo fuit ut neglecta uxorum causa res publica ei saepe obiceretur. Nec maiestas aut dignitas ei deerant nec, ut ita dicam, mores regii&lt;ref&gt;II.1.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Maximum vitium ei fuit nimia gloriae cupido et popularitatis adfectatio immoderata ita tamen ut amari vellet, non vi agere. Numquam enim arma contra patriam vertit. Nihilominus biographia evolvente Plutarchus eius peccata multa non celat (fontes Pompeio adversos quoque legebat). Ita primo [[Bellum civile (discretiva)|bello civili]] immitis perfidusque invenitur dum omnes duces adversariorum sive captos sive etiam deditos perire iubet&lt;ref&gt;Cap. 10-12 et 16 (Marcus Iunius Brutus).&lt;/ref&gt;. Vanitatem dissimulationemque eius damnat Plutarchus cum [[Bella Mithridatica|bello Mithridatico]] sibi lege mandato fingit aegre ferre perpetua imperia&lt;ref&gt;30.5-8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iniquitatem erga decessorem Lucullum ostendere non omittit&lt;ref&gt;Cap.31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et postquam ex Oriente rediit et eius consiliis obstiterunt [[Lucullus]] et [[Cato minor]] in [[comitia|comitiis]] consularibus suffragia palam emere non dubitabat&lt;ref&gt;44.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Triumviratus|Triumviratu]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociando utilitatem publicam ambitioni suae postposuit. Nam violentiae politicae viam stravit atque etiam cum leges salutares postea ferebat  se suosque propinquos supra istas leges esse existimabat&lt;ref&gt;55.6-11.&lt;/ref&gt;.

In comparatione cum Agesilao gesta Pompei sine contradictione multo maiora iudicabat sed imperatoria arte Agesilaum Romanum ducem superasse adseverabat qui paucis contra multos patriae saluti fuerat. Econtra Pompeius apud [[Proelium Pharsalicum|Pharsalum]] a minoribus copiis victus erat. Maxime indignabatur quod contra opinionem suam proelium commisisset quia pravis consiliis senatorum circum se obstrepentium diutius resistere noluisset. Quod indignum vero imperatore arbitrabatur.

In summa haec biographia mediam viam inter laudationem et vituperationem tenet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Editiones ==
*[[Collection des Universités de France]]:  Plutarque. ''Vies, tome VIII, Sertorius, Eumène. Agésilas, Pompée.'' Texte établi et traduit par R. Flacelière et E. Chambry, Les Belles Lettres, 1973 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1974_num_43_1_1758_t1_0461_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1976_num_89_424_4093_t1_0172_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*B.X. de Wet, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591666 Aspects of Plutarch's portrayal of Pompey]&quot;, ''Acta Classica'', 1981: 119-132

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus apud Vicifontem] 
*[https://www.textmanuscripts.com/tm-assets/tm-descriptions/new%20letterhead/TM%20214%20Plutarch%20Life%20of%20Pompey-%20new%20letterhead.pdf De vetere manuscripto Latinae versionis]
[[Categoria:Vitae parallelae]]

{{Nexus desiderati}}</text>
      <sha1>51589rtifm9dlyi82z2aqmv7m4zhuko</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Corpus ciliare</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993532</id>
      <parentid>3993346</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:40:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993532</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3224" sha1="39twvhabmu91voluwtcnss2d5s8rb7k" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi. Corpori ciliari numerus 15 attributum est.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Bis et aliter repetita placent]]
'''Corpus ciliare'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/corps-ciliaire-1557868940#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars excrescens et orbicularis [[uvea (oculus)|uveae]] anterioris inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[Choroidea|choroideam]] posita quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem oculi]] cingit quacum per zonulares fibras coniungitur  et [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationi]] operam dat. E duabus partibus constat, e [[Musculus levis|musculo levi]] fibris [[Systema nervosum autonomicum|parasympathicis]] [[Nervus oculomotorius|nervi oculomotorii]] moto et parte vasculosa cui nomen [[Processus ciliares|processus ciliares]] inditum est. Quibus duabus partibus etiam [[epithelium]] addendum est.

Processus ciliares [[humor aquosus (oculus)|humorem aquosum]] in cameram posteriorem oculi excernunt, qui humor per pupillam etiam in cameram anteriorem  (inter iridem et [[cornea|corneam]]) diffunditur. Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis necessaria adfert.

Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculus ciliaris]] instar anuli contractilis contrahitur tum [[Fibrae zonulares|fibrae zonulares]] laxantur et lens formam rotundam redintegrat quae visioni rerum propinquarum accomodata est. E contrario cum musculus relaxatur fibrae zonulares distrahuntur et lentem complanant [[Refractio|refractione]] minuenda quod visioni rerum longinquarum accomodatum est.

Alia divisio corporis ciliaris partes planam (hoc est posteriorem) et plicatam (anteriorem) distinguit. Pars plicata ita appellata est ob processus ciliares&lt;ref&gt;[https://oscarwylee.ca/fr/glasses/eye/ciliary-body oscarwylee]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;qpvt=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;form=IGRE&amp;first=1 Variae imagines] corporis ciliaris


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>39twvhabmu91voluwtcnss2d5s8rb7k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993536</id>
      <parentid>3993532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:45:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993536</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3215" sha1="ggq54lww6i7p3mqsdz90iehdtadhtx3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi. Corpori ciliari numerus 15 attributum est.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Bis et aliter repetita placent]]
'''Corpus ciliare'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/corps-ciliaire-1557868940#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars excrescens et orbicularis [[uvea (oculus)|uveae]] anterioris inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[Choroidea|choroideam]] posita quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem oculi]] cingit quacum per zonulares fibras coniungitur  et [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationi]] operam dat. E duabus partibus constat, e [[Musculus levis|musculo levi]] fibris [[Systema nervosum autonomicum|parasympathicis]] [[Nervus oculomotorius|nervi oculomotorii]] moto et parte vasculosa cui nomen [[Processus ciliares|processus ciliares]] inditum est. Quibus duabus partibus etiam [[epithelium]] addendum est.

Processus ciliares [[humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram posteriorem oculi excernunt, qui humor per pupillam etiam in cameram anteriorem  (inter iridem et [[cornea|corneam]]) diffunditur. Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis necessaria adfert.

Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculus ciliaris]] instar anuli contractilis contrahitur tum [[Fibrae zonulares|fibrae zonulares]] laxantur et lens formam rotundam redintegrat quae visioni rerum propinquarum accomodata est. E contrario cum musculus relaxatur fibrae zonulares distrahuntur et lentem complanant [[Refractio|refractione]] minuenda quod visioni rerum longinquarum accomodatum est.

Alia divisio corporis ciliaris partes planam (hoc est posteriorem) et plicatam (anteriorem) distinguit. Pars plicata ita appellata est ob processus ciliares&lt;ref&gt;[https://oscarwylee.ca/fr/glasses/eye/ciliary-body oscarwylee]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;qpvt=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;form=IGRE&amp;first=1 Variae imagines] corporis ciliaris


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>ggq54lww6i7p3mqsdz90iehdtadhtx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993622</id>
      <parentid>3993536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:28:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3235" sha1="3od8fri9cbfae1abpnetoi72yxlraen" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi. Corpori ciliari numerus 15 attributum est.]]
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Bis et aliter repetita placent]]
'''Corpus ciliare'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/corps-ciliaire-1557868940#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars excrescens et orbicularis [[uvea (oculus)|uveae]] anterioris inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[Choroidea|choroideam]] posita quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem oculi]] cingit quacum per zonulares fibras coniungitur  et [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationi]] operam dat. E duabus partibus constat, e [[Musculus levis|musculo levi]] fibris [[Systema nervosum autonomicum|parasympathicis]] [[Nervus oculomotorius|nervi oculomotorii]] moto et parte vasculosa cui nomen [[Processus ciliares|processus ciliares]] inditum est. Quibus duabus partibus etiam [[epithelium]] addendum est.

Processus ciliares [[humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram posteriorem oculi excernunt, qui humor per pupillam etiam in cameram anteriorem  (inter iridem et [[cornea|corneam]]) diffunditur. Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis necessaria adfert.

Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculus ciliaris]] instar anuli contractilis contrahitur tum [[Fibrae zonulares|fibrae zonulares]] laxantur et lens formam rotundam redintegrat quae visioni rerum propinquarum accomodata est. E contrario cum musculus relaxatur fibrae zonulares distrahuntur et lentem complanant [[Refractio|refractione]] minuenda quod visioni rerum longinquarum accomodatum est.

Alia divisio corporis ciliaris partes planam (hoc est posteriorem) et [[corona ciliaris|plicatam]] (anteriorem) distinguit. Pars plicata ita appellata est ob processus ciliares&lt;ref&gt;[https://oscarwylee.ca/fr/glasses/eye/ciliary-body oscarwylee]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;qpvt=wikimedia+ciliary+body&amp;form=IGRE&amp;first=1 Variae imagines] corporis ciliaris


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>3od8fri9cbfae1abpnetoi72yxlraen</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>329190</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993505</id>
      <parentid>3993264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:08:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3993505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="134" sha1="3fr6yo9ydgrxxygzqa99qv0iuspaqu4" xml:space="preserve">{{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}}

[[Categoria:Episcopi Franciae|Blesenses]]
[[Categoria:Dioecesis Blesensis]]</text>
      <sha1>3fr6yo9ydgrxxygzqa99qv0iuspaqu4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fibrae zonulares</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329210</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993533</id>
      <parentid>3993070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:42:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3282" sha1="qi7xuh8s00b9pkyotas73mblp1zqzps" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi: zonulae Zinni numerus duo adtributus est.]]
'''Fibrae zonulares'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/fibres-zonulaires-1557867968# IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; quae cum omnes summatim considerantur etiam '''zonula ciliaris''' aut '''zonula Zinni'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/zonule-ciliaire-1557867880# IMAIOS].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ita appellata ex Iohanne Gottfrido Zinn (1727-1759).&lt;/ref&gt; appellari solent, sunt tenuia [[Ligamentum (anatomia)|ligamenta]] partem [[aequator|aequatoriam]] capsulae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentis]] [[Corpus ciliare|corpori ciliari]] religantia ita ut lentem in parte anteriore oculi suspendant stabiliantque. Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculo ciliari]] extenduntur lentem complanant et vim [[refractio|refringendi]] minuunt; econtra cum relaxantur lentem in pristinam formam elasticitate naturali redire sinunt. Ita accomodationem visionis ad [[Distantia|distantias]] moderantur et ad opticam partem oculi pertinent.

Zonulares et zonula e Graeco verbo ζώνη = cingulum dicuntur.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Sectio sagittalis oculi anterioris. Ibi fibrae zonulares 'ligamenta suspensoria' appellatae sunt.]]
*Steven Bassnett, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350946220300744 Zinn's zonule]&quot;, ''Progress in Retinal and Eye Research'', 2021: 100902
*D. Brémond-Gignac, H. Copin, S. Valleix. &quot;[https://www.em-consulte.com/article/1559720/cristallin-et-zonule-anatomie-et-embryologie Cristallin et zonule : anatomie et embryologie]&quot;, ''EM Consulte'', 05/12/22
*Depasse Fanny, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876220420300881 Concepts de base de l’accommodation]&quot;, ''Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie'', 2020: 106-109
*Riley Forinash, Sean Staggs, Steven Bassnett, Juan Rodriguez. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12871398/ Single zonular fiber extraction and characterization: A platform for biomechanical, biochemical and structural analyses]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2026: 110830
*Eric Hanssen, Suzanne Franc, Robert Garrone. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0945053X01001226 Synthesis and structural organization of zonular fibers during development and aging]&quot;, ''Matrix Biology'', 2001: 77-85
*Alicia De Maria, Phillip A Wilmarth, Larry L David, Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5283081/ Proteomic Analysis of the Bovine and Human Ciliary Zonule]&quot;, ''IOVS'', 2017: 573-585
*Pooja Rathaur; Juan Rodriguez; Vanessa Liu; Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811778 Ciliary Zonule of the Human Eye: Structural and Mechanical Aspects]&quot;, IOVS, 2026: 62
* Akira Takahashi, Takeshi Arima, Etsuko Toda, Shinichiro Kobayakawa,Akira Shimizu, Hiroshi Takahashi. &quot;[https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6254 A Novel Multi-Observation System to Study the Effects of Anterior Ocular Inflammation in Zinn’s Zonule Using One Specimen]&quot;, ''International Journal of Molecular Sciences'', 2023: 6254

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>qi7xuh8s00b9pkyotas73mblp1zqzps</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993534</id>
      <parentid>3993533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:42:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3321" sha1="pdpxu3iai0cg2hm91704zr7927wz7ve" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi: zonulae Zinni numerus duo adtributus est.]]
'''Fibrae zonulares'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/fibres-zonulaires-1557867968# IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; quae cum omnes summatim considerantur etiam '''zonula ciliaris''' aut '''zonula Zinni'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/zonule-ciliaire-1557867880# IMAIOS].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ita appellata ex Iohanne Gottfrido Zinn (1727-1759).&lt;/ref&gt; appellari solent, sunt tenuia [[Ligamentum (anatomia)|ligamenta]] partem [[aequator|aequatoriam]] capsulae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentis]] [[Corpus ciliare|corpori ciliari]] religantia ita ut lentem in parte anteriore oculi suspendant stabiliantque. Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculo ciliari]] extenduntur lentem complanant et vim [[refractio|refringendi]] minuunt; econtra cum relaxantur lentem in pristinam formam elasticitate naturali redire sinunt. Ita accomodationem visionis ad [[Distantia|distantias]] moderantur et ad opticam partem oculi pertinent.

Zonulares et zonula e Graeco verbo ζώνη = cingulum dicuntur quia circulum circa lentem describynt..

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Sectio sagittalis oculi anterioris. Ibi fibrae zonulares 'ligamenta suspensoria' appellatae sunt.]]
*Steven Bassnett, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350946220300744 Zinn's zonule]&quot;, ''Progress in Retinal and Eye Research'', 2021: 100902
*D. Brémond-Gignac, H. Copin, S. Valleix. &quot;[https://www.em-consulte.com/article/1559720/cristallin-et-zonule-anatomie-et-embryologie Cristallin et zonule : anatomie et embryologie]&quot;, ''EM Consulte'', 05/12/22
*Depasse Fanny, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876220420300881 Concepts de base de l’accommodation]&quot;, ''Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie'', 2020: 106-109
*Riley Forinash, Sean Staggs, Steven Bassnett, Juan Rodriguez. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12871398/ Single zonular fiber extraction and characterization: A platform for biomechanical, biochemical and structural analyses]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2026: 110830
*Eric Hanssen, Suzanne Franc, Robert Garrone. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0945053X01001226 Synthesis and structural organization of zonular fibers during development and aging]&quot;, ''Matrix Biology'', 2001: 77-85
*Alicia De Maria, Phillip A Wilmarth, Larry L David, Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5283081/ Proteomic Analysis of the Bovine and Human Ciliary Zonule]&quot;, ''IOVS'', 2017: 573-585
*Pooja Rathaur; Juan Rodriguez; Vanessa Liu; Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811778 Ciliary Zonule of the Human Eye: Structural and Mechanical Aspects]&quot;, IOVS, 2026: 62
* Akira Takahashi, Takeshi Arima, Etsuko Toda, Shinichiro Kobayakawa,Akira Shimizu, Hiroshi Takahashi. &quot;[https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6254 A Novel Multi-Observation System to Study the Effects of Anterior Ocular Inflammation in Zinn’s Zonule Using One Specimen]&quot;, ''International Journal of Molecular Sciences'', 2023: 6254

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>pdpxu3iai0cg2hm91704zr7927wz7ve</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993535</id>
      <parentid>3993534</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:43:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3320" sha1="l5alkorpss94v56bc24td84c8fu6set" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi: zonulae Zinni numerus duo adtributus est.]]
'''Fibrae zonulares'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/fibres-zonulaires-1557867968# IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; quae cum omnes summatim considerantur etiam '''zonula ciliaris''' aut '''zonula Zinni'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/zonule-ciliaire-1557867880# IMAIOS].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ita appellata ex Iohanne Gottfrido Zinn (1727-1759).&lt;/ref&gt; appellari solent, sunt tenuia [[Ligamentum (anatomia)|ligamenta]] partem [[aequator|aequatoriam]] capsulae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentis]] [[Corpus ciliare|corpori ciliari]] religantia ita ut lentem in parte anteriore oculi suspendant stabiliantque. Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculo ciliari]] extenduntur lentem complanant et vim [[refractio|refringendi]] minuunt; econtra cum relaxantur lentem in pristinam formam elasticitate naturali redire sinunt. Ita accomodationem visionis ad [[Distantia|distantias]] moderantur et ad opticam partem oculi pertinent.

Zonulares et zonula e Graeco verbo ζώνη = cingulum dicuntur quia circulum circa lentem describunt.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Sectio sagittalis oculi anterioris. Ibi fibrae zonulares 'ligamenta suspensoria' appellatae sunt.]]
*Steven Bassnett, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350946220300744 Zinn's zonule]&quot;, ''Progress in Retinal and Eye Research'', 2021: 100902
*D. Brémond-Gignac, H. Copin, S. Valleix. &quot;[https://www.em-consulte.com/article/1559720/cristallin-et-zonule-anatomie-et-embryologie Cristallin et zonule : anatomie et embryologie]&quot;, ''EM Consulte'', 05/12/22
*Depasse Fanny, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876220420300881 Concepts de base de l’accommodation]&quot;, ''Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie'', 2020: 106-109
*Riley Forinash, Sean Staggs, Steven Bassnett, Juan Rodriguez. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12871398/ Single zonular fiber extraction and characterization: A platform for biomechanical, biochemical and structural analyses]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2026: 110830
*Eric Hanssen, Suzanne Franc, Robert Garrone. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0945053X01001226 Synthesis and structural organization of zonular fibers during development and aging]&quot;, ''Matrix Biology'', 2001: 77-85
*Alicia De Maria, Phillip A Wilmarth, Larry L David, Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5283081/ Proteomic Analysis of the Bovine and Human Ciliary Zonule]&quot;, ''IOVS'', 2017: 573-585
*Pooja Rathaur; Juan Rodriguez; Vanessa Liu; Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811778 Ciliary Zonule of the Human Eye: Structural and Mechanical Aspects]&quot;, IOVS, 2026: 62
* Akira Takahashi, Takeshi Arima, Etsuko Toda, Shinichiro Kobayakawa,Akira Shimizu, Hiroshi Takahashi. &quot;[https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6254 A Novel Multi-Observation System to Study the Effects of Anterior Ocular Inflammation in Zinn’s Zonule Using One Specimen]&quot;, ''International Journal of Molecular Sciences'', 2023: 6254

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>l5alkorpss94v56bc24td84c8fu6set</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993641</id>
      <parentid>3993535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:58:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3357" sha1="02gryhie2hk4uj58ix9nal3nqlpz9u3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of anterior segment human eye.svg|thumb|Pars anterior oculi: zonulae Zinni numerus duo adtributus est.]]
'''Fibrae zonulares'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/fibres-zonulaires-1557867968# IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; quae cum omnes summatim considerantur etiam '''[[Zonula ciliaris|zonula ciliaris]]''' aut '''[[Zonula Zinni|zonula Zinni]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/zonule-ciliaire-1557867880# IMAIOS].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ita appellata ex Iohanne Gottfrido Zinn (1727-1759).&lt;/ref&gt; appellari solent, sunt tenuia [[Ligamentum (anatomia)|ligamenta]] partem [[aequator|aequatoriam]] capsulae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentis]] [[Corpus ciliare|corpori ciliari]] religantia ita ut lentem in parte anteriore oculi suspendant stabiliantque. Cum [[Musculus ciliaris|musculo ciliari]] extenduntur lentem complanant et vim [[refractio|refringendi]] minuunt; econtra cum relaxantur lentem in pristinam formam elasticitate naturali redire sinunt. Ita accomodationem visionis ad [[Distantia|distantias]] moderantur et ad opticam partem oculi pertinent.

Zonulares et zonula e Graeco verbo ζώνη = cingulum dicuntur quia circulum circa lentem describunt.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Blausen 0390 EyeAnatomy Sectional.png|thumb|Sectio sagittalis oculi anterioris. Ibi fibrae zonulares 'ligamenta suspensoria' appellatae sunt.]]
*Steven Bassnett, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350946220300744 Zinn's zonule]&quot;, ''Progress in Retinal and Eye Research'', 2021: 100902
*D. Brémond-Gignac, H. Copin, S. Valleix. &quot;[https://www.em-consulte.com/article/1559720/cristallin-et-zonule-anatomie-et-embryologie Cristallin et zonule : anatomie et embryologie]&quot;, ''EM Consulte'', 05/12/22
*Depasse Fanny, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876220420300881 Concepts de base de l’accommodation]&quot;, ''Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie'', 2020: 106-109
*Riley Forinash, Sean Staggs, Steven Bassnett, Juan Rodriguez. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12871398/ Single zonular fiber extraction and characterization: A platform for biomechanical, biochemical and structural analyses]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2026: 110830
*Eric Hanssen, Suzanne Franc, Robert Garrone. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0945053X01001226 Synthesis and structural organization of zonular fibers during development and aging]&quot;, ''Matrix Biology'', 2001: 77-85
*Alicia De Maria, Phillip A Wilmarth, Larry L David, Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5283081/ Proteomic Analysis of the Bovine and Human Ciliary Zonule]&quot;, ''IOVS'', 2017: 573-585
*Pooja Rathaur; Juan Rodriguez; Vanessa Liu; Steven Bassnett. &quot;[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811778 Ciliary Zonule of the Human Eye: Structural and Mechanical Aspects]&quot;, IOVS, 2026: 62
* Akira Takahashi, Takeshi Arima, Etsuko Toda, Shinichiro Kobayakawa,Akira Shimizu, Hiroshi Takahashi. &quot;[https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6254 A Novel Multi-Observation System to Study the Effects of Anterior Ocular Inflammation in Zinn’s Zonule Using One Specimen]&quot;, ''International Journal of Molecular Sciences'', 2023: 6254

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Categoria:Oculus]]
[[Categoria:Anatomia]]</text>
      <sha1>02gryhie2hk4uj58ix9nal3nqlpz9u3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Processus ciliares</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329241</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993628</id>
      <parentid>3993361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:47:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2092" sha1="e99oujmxjxyqp1ondjf3oubis0ndaaa" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Gray877.png|thumb|Dimidius oculus cum processibus ciliaribus prope iridem et lentem.]]
'''Processus ciliares'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/processus-ciliaires-1557868972# IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; sunt [[Processus (anatomia)|processus]] radiales e parte plicata et vasculosa [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]], ''[[corona ciliaris|corona ciliari]]'' appellata et pone [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] posita, eminentes qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] intra cavam partem anterioris oculi, hoc est cameras anteriorem et posteriorem, per [[Capillare|capillaria]] fenestrata effundunt. Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis necessaria adfert atque simul eius volumen [[pressio |pressionem intraocularem]] moderatur. Quocirca pathologia processuum ad [[Caecitas|caecitatem]] ducere potest. Quin etiam puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|fibris zonularibus]] praebent.


== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/tete-et-cou/oeil?ul=true#mic=eye-illustrations&amp;afi=27&amp;is=6767&amp;il=fr&amp;l=fr_FR&amp;isf=true Imago anatomica apud IMAIOS]
[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>e99oujmxjxyqp1ondjf3oubis0ndaaa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>David Nicolaus Bertier</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329244</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993525</id>
      <parentid>3993453</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:12:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+Armand</comment>
      <origin>3993525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2248" sha1="0t2zu3hmlsxskkbd82uqwj0zlzuns49" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''David Nicolaus Bertier''' (Francogallice ''David-Nicolas Bertier'' seu ''Berthier'' seu ''de Bertier'',&lt;ref name=Armand&gt;{{opus|auctor=Armand Jean|titulus=Les Évêques et les Archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801|locus= Paris et Mamers|annus =1891| url=https://archive.org/details/lesvquesetlesar00jeangoog/page/292/mode/2up|pagina=293}} {{ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; natus [[Tolosa]]e in [[1652]]; mortuus [[Blesae|Blesarum]] die [[20 Augusti]] [[1719]]) fuit primus episcopus [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesensis]], a [[1697]] usque ad mortem.&lt;ref&gt;{{CathHierBishop|bertie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biographia ==
Electus a rege [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] die [[22 Martii]] [[1693]] ut episcopus novae dioecesi Blesensis, tantum [[1 Iulii]] [[1697]] a Roma confirmatus est. Ab archiepiscopo [[Archidioecesis Parisiensis|Parisiensi]] [[Ludovicus Antonius de Noailles|Ludovico Antonio de Noailles]] die [[15 Septembris]] eiusdem anni consecratus est. 

Assembleae extraordinariae clericorum Franciae annis 1713-1714 et denuo 1715 participavit. 

== Bibliographia ==
* {{opus|auctor=Armand Jean|titulus=Les Évêques et les Archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801|locus= Paris et Mamers|annus =1891|url=https://archive.org/details/lesvquesetlesar00jeangoog/page/292/mode/2up|pagina=293}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
* {{opus|auctor=Jules Gallerand|titulus=L'érection de l'évêché de Blois (1690-1697) |contextus=Revue d'Histoire de l'Eglise de France|annus= 1956|paginae=175-228|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhef_0300-9505_1956_num_42_139_3200 }} {{ling|Francogallice}}
* {{opus|auctor=Olivier Poncet|titulus=La Cour de Rome et la création des diocèses au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple du diocèse de Blois (1693-1697) |contextus=Gérald Chaix (dir.), ''Le diocèse. Espaces, représentations, pouvoirs (France XVe''-''XXe siècle)''|locus=Parisiis|annus=2002|paginae=47-66.}} {{ling|Francogallice}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|David Nicolas de Bertier|Davidem Nicolaum Bertier}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
*{{CathHierBishop|bertie}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{RC-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}

{{Lifetime|1652|1719|Bertier, David Nicolaus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses]]</text>
      <sha1>0t2zu3hmlsxskkbd82uqwj0zlzuns49</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993494</id>
      <parentid>3993455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:41:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biographia */ dinan latine</comment>
      <origin>3993494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1907" sha1="2611qrflwgavz4wpafdcmmoebbgyf79" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin''' (Francogallice ''François Lefebvre de Caumartin'' seu ''Jean-François-Paul Lefevre de Caumartin'',&lt;ref name=Armand /&gt; natus [[Durocatalaunum|Durocatalauni]] die [[16 Decembris]] [[1668]]; mortuus [[Blesae|Blesarum]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1733]]) fuit episcopus [[Dioecesis Venetensis|Venetensis]] (1718-1719) et postea [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesensis]], a [[1720]] usque ad mortem.&lt;ref&gt;{{CathHierBishop|lfdc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biographia ==
Lutetiae educatus, custos librorum regis factus est; in [[Academia Francica|Academiam Francicam]] (anno 1694) atque in [[Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum|Academiam Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] (anno 1701) cooptatus est. Vicesimo nono anno Theologiae Doctor creatus, munere Vicarii Generalis apud [[Archidioecesis Turonensis|Archiepiscopum Turonensem]] functus est, deinde anno 1717 Episcopus Venetensis electus, die [[8 Iunii]] anno 1718 confirmatus a Roma atque [[17 Iulii]] eiusdem anni [[Dinannum|Dinanni]] a [[Vincentius-Franciscus Desmarets|Vincentio-Francisco Desmarets]], Episcopo [[Dioecesis Maclovensis|Maclovensi]], consecratus est. Ad sedem Blesensem translatus est, ubi ab anno 1719 usque ad mortem munere functus est.&lt;ref name=Armand&gt;{{opus|auctor=Armand Jean|titulus=Les Évêques et les Archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801|locus= Paris et Mamers|annus =1891|url=https://archive.org/details/lesvquesetlesar00jeangoog/page/454/mode/2up|pagina=455}} {{ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|François Lefebvre de Caumartin|Franciscum Lefebvre de Caumartin}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
*{{CathHierBishop|lfdc}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{RC-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}

{{Lifetime|1668|1733|Lefevre de Caumartin, Franciscus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Venetenses]]</text>
      <sha1>2611qrflwgavz4wpafdcmmoebbgyf79</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993523</id>
      <parentid>3993494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:09:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+293</comment>
      <origin>3993523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1912" sha1="gzgcelxykjyjgkwrluukaz7010f8lgo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin''' (Francogallice ''François Lefebvre de Caumartin'' seu ''Jean-François-Paul Lefevre de Caumartin'',&lt;ref name=Armand /&gt; natus [[Durocatalaunum|Durocatalauni]] die [[16 Decembris]] [[1668]]; mortuus [[Blesae|Blesarum]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1733]]) fuit episcopus [[Dioecesis Venetensis|Venetensis]] (1718-1719) et postea [[Dioecesis Blesensis|Blesensis]], a [[1720]] usque ad mortem.&lt;ref&gt;{{CathHierBishop|lfdc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biographia ==
Lutetiae educatus, custos librorum regis factus est; in [[Academia Francica|Academiam Francicam]] (anno 1694) atque in [[Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum|Academiam Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] (anno 1701) cooptatus est. Vicesimo nono anno Theologiae Doctor creatus, munere Vicarii Generalis apud [[Archidioecesis Turonensis|Archiepiscopum Turonensem]] functus est, deinde anno 1717 Episcopus Venetensis electus, die [[8 Iunii]] anno 1718 confirmatus a Roma atque [[17 Iulii]] eiusdem anni [[Dinannum|Dinanni]] a [[Vincentius-Franciscus Desmarets|Vincentio-Francisco Desmarets]], Episcopo [[Dioecesis Maclovensis|Maclovensi]], consecratus est. Ad sedem Blesensem translatus est, ubi ab anno 1719 usque ad mortem munere functus est.&lt;ref name=Armand&gt;{{opus|auctor=Armand Jean|titulus=Les Évêques et les Archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801|locus= Paris et Mamers|annus =1891|url=https://archive.org/details/lesvquesetlesar00jeangoog/page/454/mode/2up|pagina=293, 455}} {{ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|François Lefebvre de Caumartin|Franciscum Lefebvre de Caumartin}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
*{{CathHierBishop|lfdc}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{RC-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Blesenses}}

{{Lifetime|1668|1733|Lefevre de Caumartin, Franciscus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Blesenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Venetenses]]</text>
      <sha1>gzgcelxykjyjgkwrluukaz7010f8lgo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Franciscus Lefebvre de Caumartin</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>329264</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993485</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:18:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3993485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59" sha1="2hcr6tmx3yg9p5y7fpa18arzgi3cqdq" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|François Lefebvre de Caumartin|240182798}}</text>
      <sha1>2hcr6tmx3yg9p5y7fpa18arzgi3cqdq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dinnanum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329265</id>
    <redirect title="Dinannum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993488</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T12:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Dinnanum]] ad [[Dinannum]]: Titulus male scriptus: vide Graesse quo attestatur Dinannum</comment>
      <origin>3993488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="jojm9p7e10im39kzo1unfplywdouv71" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Dinannum]]</text>
      <sha1>jojm9p7e10im39kzo1unfplywdouv71</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Episcopi Venetenses</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>329266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993506</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:09:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio</comment>
      <origin>3993506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="136" sha1="mq6btebkhbqwb739kb1t30b0lkknssd" xml:space="preserve">{{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}}

[[Categoria:Episcopi Franciae|Venetenses]]
[[Categoria:Dioecesis Venetensis]]</text>
      <sha1>mq6btebkhbqwb739kb1t30b0lkknssd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dioecesis Ambianensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329267</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993511</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:35:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio e francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3993511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1786" sha1="b9bjfz97pme6lkl3aoshpqe6qguduym" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Ambianensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse d'Amiens}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] in [[Francia]] sita, cuius sedes [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] est. Dioecesis, [[saeculum 4|saeculo quarto]] condita,&lt;ref name=Racinet&gt;{{opus|auctrix=Sabine Racinet|titulus=La christianisation de la région &quot;autour de Compiègne&quot;|annus=2010|mensis=04|dies=03|url=https://histoire-compiegne.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/racinet-christianisation.pdf}} {{ling|Francogallice}}; secundum {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambiensis}} dioecesis saeculo III condita est.&lt;/ref&gt; a [[1822]] cum territorio [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)| praefecturae Samarae]] congruit et suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Remensis]] est.&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|titulus=Ordonnance du Roi qui prescrit la Publication de la Bulle relative à la Circonscription des Diocèses du Royaume|annus=1822|mensis=10|dies=31|contextus=Bulletin des lois du royaume de France|numero=570|pagina=563|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65256062/f607.item}} {{ling|Francogallice}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Amiens cathedral 028.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Nostrae Dominae dicata, [[Ambianum|Ambiani]] sita est. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.amiens.catholique.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens|Dioecesem Ambianensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|amie|Dioecesis Ambianensis}}

{{RC-stipula}}
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[Categoria:Dioecesis Ambianensis]]</text>
      <sha1>b9bjfz97pme6lkl3aoshpqe6qguduym</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Dioecesis Ambianensis</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>329268</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993512</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:37:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3993512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="inct9kr8u5i8nimes2er7mxn96q0gzr" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|Diocèse d'Amiens|239697301}}</text>
      <sha1>inct9kr8u5i8nimes2er7mxn96q0gzr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Humor aquosus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329269</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993515</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:48:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Humor aquosus''' est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per sinus venosus sclerae|sinum veno...'</comment>
      <origin>3993515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="933" sha1="aeihkrkvq9nmjg2ejc5tbmhalrryvo0" xml:space="preserve">'''Humor aquosus''' est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert necnon formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>aeihkrkvq9nmjg2ejc5tbmhalrryvo0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993516</id>
      <parentid>3993515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:49:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1047" sha1="b1t2icrk7n47tezvukq6ucei1fi7ofq" xml:space="preserve">'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert necnon formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>b1t2icrk7n47tezvukq6ucei1fi7ofq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993517</id>
      <parentid>3993516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T13:56:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1156" sha1="cyf90y4q7s0sv6s4u1z3onnl6r04s3l" xml:space="preserve">'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>cyf90y4q7s0sv6s4u1z3onnl6r04s3l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993518</id>
      <parentid>3993517</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="jee9ifzo7qt2g3ic3o7pzhv1v6gtsfj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>jee9ifzo7qt2g3ic3o7pzhv1v6gtsfj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993519</id>
      <parentid>3993518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:01:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1287" sha1="1akgixxv7bx34q30abwu2i1paffhpiw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>1akgixxv7bx34q30abwu2i1paffhpiw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993521</id>
      <parentid>3993519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:06:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3993521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1477" sha1="em7ed92w8qfnvnyhypknbym6348v2sx" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>em7ed92w8qfnvnyhypknbym6348v2sx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993524</id>
      <parentid>3993521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1693" sha1="5pgg8icrp38koa5uplhzxkl1fo5aw0e" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>5pgg8icrp38koa5uplhzxkl1fo5aw0e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993526</id>
      <parentid>3993524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:15:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3993526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1866" sha1="k4saafod888mpy1wa5xvjetqyi78xr7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>k4saafod888mpy1wa5xvjetqyi78xr7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993527</id>
      <parentid>3993526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3993527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1950" sha1="suylqjjgp8xz6n8f73eva5iwfvhb8ah" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant
* [https://fr.scribd.com/document/1074052643/Physiologie-de-l-Humeur-Aqueuse scribd]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>suylqjjgp8xz6n8f73eva5iwfvhb8ah</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993528</id>
      <parentid>3993527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:23:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2135" sha1="ivg9bvu590ja6c9bp9lkj2f8hyyqf53" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*M. Appelmans &amp; J. Michiels, &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00211593 La production et l'evacuation de l'humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Documenta Ophthalmologica''; 1957: 291–300 
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant
* [https://fr.scribd.com/document/1074052643/Physiologie-de-l-Humeur-Aqueuse scribd]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>ivg9bvu590ja6c9bp9lkj2f8hyyqf53</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993529</id>
      <parentid>3993528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:28:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2344" sha1="a7mabqr93k3nllhb3o7m6ffhr740rw8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*M. Appelmans &amp; J. Michiels, &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00211593 La production et l'evacuation de l'humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Documenta Ophthalmologica''; 1957: 291–300 
*Manik Goel, Renata G Picciani, Richard K Lee, Sanjoy K Bhattacharya. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3032230/ Aqueous Humor Dynamics: A Review]&quot;, ''The Open Ophthalmology Journal'', 2010: 52–59.
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant
* [https://fr.scribd.com/document/1074052643/Physiologie-de-l-Humeur-Aqueuse scribd]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>a7mabqr93k3nllhb3o7m6ffhr740rw8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993530</id>
      <parentid>3993529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3993530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2408" sha1="a2mrxuwsael5n6bfdtuad1vuc79myg3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*M. Appelmans &amp; J. Michiels, &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00211593 La production et l'evacuation de l'humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Documenta Ophthalmologica''; 1957: 291–300 
*Manik Goel, Renata G Picciani, Richard K Lee, Sanjoy K Bhattacharya. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3032230/ Aqueous Humor Dynamics: A Review]&quot;, ''The Open Ophthalmology Journal'', 2010: 52–59.
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant
* [https://fr.scribd.com/document/1074052643/Physiologie-de-l-Humeur-Aqueuse scribd]
* [https://www.britannica.com/science/aqueous-humor Britannica]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>a2mrxuwsael5n6bfdtuad1vuc79myg3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993531</id>
      <parentid>3993530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T14:32:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2591" sha1="e07us8h5yq0vzz8ltlbj6xnphf3w3m0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Eye scheme.svg|thumb|Oculi imago: humor aquosus in cameris caeruleo colore insignis est.]]
'''Humor aquosus'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/humeur-aqueuse-1557867752#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est liquidum perlucidum quo impletur camera posterior (inter [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] et [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]]) et anterior (inter [[Iris (anatomia)|iridem]] et [[cornea|corneam]]) in parte anteriore bulbi oculi. E [[Processus ciliares|processibus ciliaribus]] sine intermissione in cameram posteriorem emittitur unde in cameram anteriorem per [[Pupilla|pupillam]] transmeat et per [[sinus venosus sclerae|sinum venosum sclerae]] (canalem Schlemmi) prope iunctionem [[sclera|sclerae]] et corneae situm effunditur. Nam duodecies per diem totus humor aquosus renovatur.

Humor aquosus nutrimenta cellulis lentis et corneae necessaria adfert: nam continet [[Ion|ionta]], [[gas|gasia]], [[glucosum]], [[vitaminum C]], [[Aminoacidum|acida aminata]]. Praeterea formam bulbi oculi retinet atque pressionem intraocularem idoneam servat. Quocirca magni refert volumen humoris aquosi in cameras intrantis volumini exeuntis aequum manere ne periculum [[glaucoma|glaucomatis]] fiat&lt;ref&gt;N. Robe-Collignon, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209001211 Les nouveaux systèmes de drainage de l’humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2009: 236-240&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*M. Appelmans &amp; J. Michiels, &quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00211593 La production et l'evacuation de l'humeur aqueuse]&quot;, ''Documenta Ophthalmologica''; 1957: 291–300 
*Manik Goel, Renata G Picciani, Richard K Lee, Sanjoy K Bhattacharya. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3032230/ Aqueous Humor Dynamics: A Review]&quot;, ''The Open Ophthalmology Journal'', 2010: 52–59
*Harry H. Mark, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039625709001556 Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Historical Perspective]&quot;, ''Survey of Ophthalmology'', 2010: 89-100
* JP Romanet,C Noel. &quot;[https://www.mcours.net/cours/pdf/yass1/yass1clic1223.pdf Humeur aqueuse et pression intraoculaire]&quot;, ''EMC'' 21-020-D-10

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flow_of_aqueous_humour_eye_EDA02.JPG humorem aquosum] spectant
* [https://fr.scribd.com/document/1074052643/Physiologie-de-l-Humeur-Aqueuse scribd]
* [https://www.britannica.com/science/aqueous-humor Britannica]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>e07us8h5yq0vzz8ltlbj6xnphf3w3m0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iacobus Noel Adams</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329270</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993552</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:07:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pagina instituit</comment>
      <origin>3993552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5553" sha1="msy5ayl8q0mfocv86xh718gzpli4jw8" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''James''' (vulgate ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] (24 septembris 1943 natus, 11 octobris 2021 mortuus) expertus philologiae Latinae linguarumque Romanicarumque [[Australia|Australianus]] fuit. Parens John George (vulgate ''Jack'') och Beryl fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris linguae [Latinae] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;James Clackson and Geoffrey Horrocks, ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”probabiliter latinista maximus aetatis eius, fortasse quarumcumque aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;David Langslow, &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.

== Opera selectae ==

* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>msy5ayl8q0mfocv86xh718gzpli4jw8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993554</id>
      <parentid>3993552</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:11:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Honores */ Nexum ad iudicatum PROSE addidi</comment>
      <origin>3993554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5688" sha1="ju4yfp9z39p17bsec1hplkpsedcmpo5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''James''' (vulgate ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] (24 septembris 1943 natus, 11 octobris 2021 mortuus) expertus philologiae Latinae linguarumque Romanicarumque [[Australia|Australianus]] fuit. Parens John George (vulgate ''Jack'') och Beryl fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris linguae [Latinae] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;James Clackson and Geoffrey Horrocks, ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”probabiliter latinista maximus aetatis eius, fortasse quarumcumque aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;David Langslow, &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==

* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>ju4yfp9z39p17bsec1hplkpsedcmpo5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993555</id>
      <parentid>3993554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:15:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3993555</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5682" sha1="2s8p8b8myyhkrqdjwz7pwfau5qbn9mj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''James''' (vulgate ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] (24 septembris 1943 natus, 11 octobris 2021 mortuus) expertus philologiae Latinae linguarumque Romanicarumque [[Australia|Australianus]] fuit. Parens John George (vulgate ''Jack'') och Beryl fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris linguae [Latinae] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;James Clackson and Geoffrey Horrocks, ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”probabiliter latinista maximus aetatis eius, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;David Langslow, &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==

* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>2s8p8b8myyhkrqdjwz7pwfau5qbn9mj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993557</id>
      <parentid>3993555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:18:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3993557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5730" sha1="t1h8lm6www82kdpo1r0qdakll3wumg4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''James''' (vulgate ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] (24 septembris 1943 natus, 11 octobris 2021 mortuus) expertus philologiae Latinae linguarumque Romanicarumque [[Australia|Australianus]] fuit. Parens John George (vulgate ''Jack'') och Beryl fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris linguae [Latinae] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacobus Clackson|James Clackson]] and [[Galfridus Horrocks|Geoffrey Horrocks]], ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”probabiliter latinista maximus aetatis eius, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;[[David Langslow]], &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==

* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>t1h8lm6www82kdpo1r0qdakll3wumg4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993559</id>
      <parentid>3993557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T19:20:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3993559</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5742" sha1="jdkacytowqwfgjr0ehzz7koydd5sm9t" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''James''' (vulgate ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] (24 septembris 1943 natus, 11 octobris 2021 mortuus) expertus philologiae Latinae linguarumque Romanicarumque [[Australia|Australianus]] fuit. Parens John George (vulgate ''Jack'') och Beryl fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris linguae [Latinae] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacobus Clackson|James Clackson]] and [[Galfridus Horrocks|Geoffrey Horrocks]], ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”probabiliter latinista maximus aetatis eius, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;[[David Langslow]], &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==

* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Notae ==
[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>jdkacytowqwfgjr0ehzz7koydd5sm9t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993590</id>
      <parentid>3993559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:47:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Res autotranslata?</comment>
      <origin>3993590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5938" sha1="2fef284dqseop2wyuw39fgwwfpviheh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Iacobus''' (vulgo ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] ([[24 Septembris]] [[1943]] natus; [[11 Octobris]] [[2021]] mortuus) fuit [[philologa Latina|philologiae Latinae]] [[philogia linguarum Romanicarum|linguarumque Romanicarum]] expertus [[Australia|Australianus]].

==De vita==
Parens Ioannes Georgius (vulgo ''Jack'') och{{dubsig}} Beryl{{dubsig}} fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacobus Clackson|James Clackson]] and{{dubsig}} [[Galfridus Horrocks|Geoffrey Horrocks]], ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”utvidetur maximus aetatis eius Latinista, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;[[David Langslow]], &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis{{dubsig}} in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==
* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1943|2021|Adams, Iacobus Noel}}
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>2fef284dqseop2wyuw39fgwwfpviheh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993591</id>
      <parentid>3993590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>IacobusAmor movit paginam [[James Noel Adams]] ad [[Iacobus Noel Adams]]: Lemma</comment>
      <origin>3993590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5938" sha1="2fef284dqseop2wyuw39fgwwfpviheh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Iacobus''' (vulgo ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] ([[24 Septembris]] [[1943]] natus; [[11 Octobris]] [[2021]] mortuus) fuit [[philologa Latina|philologiae Latinae]] [[philogia linguarum Romanicarum|linguarumque Romanicarum]] expertus [[Australia|Australianus]].

==De vita==
Parens Ioannes Georgius (vulgo ''Jack'') och{{dubsig}} Beryl{{dubsig}} fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Jacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacobus Clackson|James Clackson]] and{{dubsig}} [[Galfridus Horrocks|Geoffrey Horrocks]], ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”utvidetur maximus aetatis eius Latinista, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;[[David Langslow]], &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulis{{dubsig}} in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==
* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1943|2021|Adams, Iacobus Noel}}
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>2fef284dqseop2wyuw39fgwwfpviheh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993621</id>
      <parentid>3993591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T08:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nomines parentibus emendivi et nexum Collegii Omnium Animarum Oxoniensis</comment>
      <origin>3993621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5959" sha1="qpeqaaje6cu27jv39syromcxy4v7fee" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Iacobus''' (vulgo ''Jim'') '''Noel Adams''' [[Academia Britannica|FBA]], [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|FAHA]], [[Academia Europaea|MAE]], [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|CBE]] ([[24 Septembris]] [[1943]] natus; [[11 Octobris]] [[2021]] mortuus) fuit [[philologa Latina|philologiae Latinae]] [[philogia linguarum Romanicarum|linguarumque Romanicarum]] expertus [[Australia|Australianus]].

==De vita==
Parentes Beryl nata Chant et Ioannes (vulgo ''Jack'') Georgius fuerunt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alanna Nobbs]], &quot;James Adams CBE FBA FAHA: 1943-2021,&quot; Australian Academy of the Humanities, 12 October 2021, https://humanities.org.au/our-community/james-adams-cbe-fba-faha-1943-2021/&lt;/ref&gt; Latinista doctissimus et illustrissimus ducebatur; ecce verba Iacobi Clackson et Galfridi Horrocks: ”solus beneficium maius comprehensionibus nostris [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] quibuscumque sodalibus societatis academicae fecit,”&lt;ref&gt;[[Jacobus Clackson|James Clackson]] and{{dubsig}} [[Galfridus Horrocks|Geoffrey Horrocks]], ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language''. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA; Oxford; and West Sussex, 2011, p. 237: &quot;he has single-handedly made a greater contribution to our understanding of the [Latin] language than any other member of the scholarly community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; similiter David Langslow: ”utvidetur maximus aetatis eius Latinista, fortasse omnium aetatum.”&lt;ref&gt;[[David Langslow]], &quot;In memoriam James Noel Adams CBE FBA (1943-2021), ''The Journal of Classics Teaching'' 23 (2022), p. 184: &quot;probably the greatest Latinist of his time, perhaps of any time.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Curriculum vitae ==
Discipulus in Lane Cove Public School, deinde in North Sydney Boy’s High School, postea in [[Universitas Sidneiensis|Universitate Sidneiensi]], ubi magna cum laude studia Latina perfecit. Postremo in [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegio Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] [[Philosophiae doctor|doctor philosophiae]] anno 1970 factus est.

Post duos annos in [[Collegium Christi Cantabrigiensis|Collegio Christi Cantabrigiensi]] ab anno 1972 ad annum 1995 in [[Universitas Mancuniensis|Universitate Mancuniensi]] laborabat. Etiam negotia in [[Collegium Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensis|Collegio Sancti Iohannis Baptistae Oxoniensi]] (1994-1995), in [[Universitas Redingensis|Universitate Redingensi]] (1995-1997), in [[Collegium Omnium Animarum (Oxonia)|Collegio Omnium Animarum Oxoniensi]] (1998-2010). Cuius collegii ab anno 2010 [[emeritus]] erat.

Opera Adams imprimis de lingua Latina vulgata, artificia, locali sunt. Decem libros, centum fere symbolas scripsit et quattuor volumina cum collegis edidit.

== Honores ==
Electus ''Fellow'' [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] anno 1992, 2009 anno [[Medalia Kenyon|Medaliam Kenyon]] accipit. ''Fellow'' honorandus [[Academia Artium Humanitatum Australiana|Academiae Artium Humanitatum Australianae]] anno 2002, sodalis [[Academia Europaea|Academiae Europaea]] anno 2007, ''fellow'' honorandus [[Collegium Aenei Nasi Oxoniensis|Collegii Aenei Nasi Oxoniensi]] anno 2012 electus, anno 2015 dux [[Ordo Imperii Brittanici|Ordinis Imperii Brittanici]] nominatus est.

Ab anno 1995 usque ad annum 2010 preses negotii magni [[Academia Britannica|Academiae Brittanicae]] ''[[Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources]]'' erat. Anno 2013 gratia libri, cui titulus ''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' est, cum iudicato PROSE pro lingua et linguistica coronatus est.&lt;ref&gt;Association of American Publishers, &quot;2013 Award Winners | PROSE Awards,&quot; https://proseawards.com/winners/2013-award-winners/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selectae ==
* ''The Text and Language of a Vulgar Chronicle. (Anonymus Valesianus II)'' (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement 36). University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, London 1976, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-900587-33-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (P. Mich. VIII. 467-72)'' (= Publications of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Manchester. Band 23). Manchester University Press, Manchester 1977, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7190-1289-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Latin Sexual Vocabulary''. Duckworth, London 1982, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-7156-1648-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;. [Translatio linguae Italianae: ''Il vocabolario del sesso a Roma. Analisi del linguaggio sessuale nella latinità''. Traduzione italiana di Maria Laetitia Riccio Coletti ed Enrico Riccio. Argo, Lecce 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 88-86211-63-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.]
* ''Wackernagel’s Law and the Placement of the Copula esse in Classical Latin'' (= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society. Supplement 18). Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge 1994, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-906014-17-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire'' (= Studies in Ancient Medicine. Band 11). Brill, Leiden 1995, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 90-04-10281-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-81771-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC–AD 600''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-521-88149-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Social Variation and the Latin Language''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-521-88614-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''An Anthology of Informal Latin, 200 BC–AD 900''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-72997-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Early and Late Latin. Continuity or Change?'' (cum Nigel Vincent editor). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-107-13225-2&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2021, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-108-83785-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1943|2021|Adams, Iacobus Noel}}
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1943]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2021]]</text>
      <sha1>qpeqaaje6cu27jv39syromcxy4v7fee</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oldendorf (Luya)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329271</id>
    <redirect title="Oldendorfium (Luya)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993567</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:00:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Oldendorf (Luya)]] ad [[Oldendorfium (Luya)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3993567</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="kmk9lam81rk788g3ppsgvwg172chv2h" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Oldendorfium (Luya)]]</text>
      <sha1>kmk9lam81rk788g3ppsgvwg172chv2h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olndörp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329272</id>
    <redirect title="Oldendorfium (Luya)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993573</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T20:38:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Oldendorfium (Luya)]]</comment>
      <origin>3993573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="kmk9lam81rk788g3ppsgvwg172chv2h" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Oldendorfium (Luya)]]</text>
      <sha1>kmk9lam81rk788g3ppsgvwg172chv2h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James Noel Adams</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329273</id>
    <redirect title="Iacobus Noel Adams" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993592</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-08T22:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IacobusAmor movit paginam [[James Noel Adams]] ad [[Iacobus Noel Adams]]: Lemma</comment>
      <origin>3993592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="6zkc0nbi374edh9udol03szr4kjobqa" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Iacobus Noel Adams]]</text>
      <sha1>6zkc0nbi374edh9udol03szr4kjobqa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anna Carson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329274</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993595</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T00:13:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:Anne Carson, poet, at the 2024 National Book Awards finalist reading 0 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anna Carson anno 2024]] '''Anna Carson''' (nata die [[21 Iunii]] [[1950]]) est [[poeta|poetrix]], scriptorix, [[res classicae]] perita, [[interpretatio|interpres]] [[Canada|Cnadica]] qui anno [[2020]], [[Praemium principum Asturiarum]] de litteris accepit et anno [[2026]], [[Praemium Nobelianum litterarum]] accepit, ratione &quot;operae audaciae et intentivarum qu...'</comment>
      <origin>3993595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1421" sha1="e3gl3ew14gmoioipcfosgqi631n4vdp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Anne Carson, poet, at the 2024 National Book Awards finalist reading 0 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anna Carson anno 2024]]
'''Anna Carson''' (nata die [[21 Iunii]] [[1950]]) est [[poeta|poetrix]], scriptorix, [[res classicae]] perita, [[interpretatio|interpres]] [[Canada|Cnadica]] qui anno [[2020]], [[Praemium principum Asturiarum]] de litteris accepit et anno [[2026]], [[Praemium Nobelianum litterarum]] accepit, ratione &quot;operae audaciae et intentivarum quae, in dialogo ludico cum traditione classica, formas novas litterarum modernae creavit&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2026/carson/facts/ De Anna Carson] nobelprize.org&lt;/ref&gt;

Alumna [[Universitas Torontonensis|Universitatis Trontenensis]] ubi [[gradus academicus|grados academicos]] acquisit, studii res classiae de [[Sappho]]ne, deinde professor de re calssica et literatura comparativa facta est.

== Operae ==
*''Glass, Irony and God'' anno 1995
*''Autobiography of Red'' anno 1998
*''Economy of the Unlost'' anno 1999
*''Men in Off Hours'' anno 2000
*''Nox'' anno 2010
*''Norma Jeane Baker of Troy'' anno 2019
*''Wrong Norma'' anno 2024

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Annne Carson|Anna Carson}}

[[Categoria:Mulieres]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Litteraturae]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Torontonensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1950]]</text>
      <sha1>e3gl3ew14gmoioipcfosgqi631n4vdp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Omittamus Studia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329275</id>
    <redirect title="Omittamus studia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993601</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T02:36:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Omittamus Studia]] ad [[Omittamus studia]]: Nomenclatura uniformis</comment>
      <origin>3993601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="pbq35i8fgt4thfzem4gxo9aguq7nojg" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Omittamus studia]]</text>
      <sha1>pbq35i8fgt4thfzem4gxo9aguq7nojg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Corona ciliaris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3993626</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:41:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''pars plicata'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt '''processus ciliares'''  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona cil...'</comment>
      <origin>3993626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1782" sha1="fe1f9bs7ldf64ur9l5pr94xwg1p1t7f" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''pars plicata'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt '''processus ciliares'''  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>fe1f9bs7ldf64ur9l5pr94xwg1p1t7f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993635</id>
      <parentid>3993626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:53:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2079" sha1="rm81t24nr0kp4xxi7b41miv8itzqd8e" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''pars plicata'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt '''processus ciliares'''  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
*Murray TG , Boldt HC, Lewis H, Abrams GW, Mieler WF, Han DP. &quot;[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/639340 A technique for facilitated visualization and dissection of the vitreous base, pars plana, and pars plicata]&quot;, ''Archives of Ophthalmology'', 1991: 1458-1459
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>rm81t24nr0kp4xxi7b41miv8itzqd8e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993637</id>
      <parentid>3993635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:55:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3993637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2279" sha1="2ouyrmcoh8hwxo9hem5agheno9b8ild" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''pars plicata'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt '''processus ciliares'''  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
*Murray TG , Boldt HC, Lewis H, Abrams GW, Mieler WF, Han DP. &quot;[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/639340 A technique for facilitated visualization and dissection of the vitreous base, pars plana, and pars plicata]&quot;, ''Archives of Ophthalmology'', 1991: 1458-1459
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-pars-plicata-of-the-ciliary-body-Anterior-zonular_fig2_359546386 Electronica micrographia partis plicatae]


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>2ouyrmcoh8hwxo9hem5agheno9b8ild</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993639</id>
      <parentid>3993637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:57:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2296" sha1="jvnoip24rlctd02p8zik9sf5thz13m9" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''[[Pars plicata|pars plicata]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt '''processus ciliares'''  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
*Murray TG , Boldt HC, Lewis H, Abrams GW, Mieler WF, Han DP. &quot;[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/639340 A technique for facilitated visualization and dissection of the vitreous base, pars plana, and pars plicata]&quot;, ''Archives of Ophthalmology'', 1991: 1458-1459
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-pars-plicata-of-the-ciliary-body-Anterior-zonular_fig2_359546386 Electronica micrographia partis plicatae]


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>jvnoip24rlctd02p8zik9sf5thz13m9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993648</id>
      <parentid>3993639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:04:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993648</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2294" sha1="k0y69vm7v14avia1wr1r6t1j9noqcqu" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''[[Pars plicata|pars plicata]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. E corona ciliari procedunt [[processus ciliares]]  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
*Murray TG , Boldt HC, Lewis H, Abrams GW, Mieler WF, Han DP. &quot;[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/639340 A technique for facilitated visualization and dissection of the vitreous base, pars plana, and pars plicata]&quot;, ''Archives of Ophthalmology'', 1991: 1458-1459
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-pars-plicata-of-the-ciliary-body-Anterior-zonular_fig2_359546386 Electronica micrographia partis plicatae]


[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>k0y69vm7v14avia1wr1r6t1j9noqcqu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993653</id>
      <parentid>3993648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:13:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993653</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2437" sha1="rzd5u2fipcph3zdjz1gfy791zif184z" xml:space="preserve">'''Corona ciliaris''' alias '''[[Pars plicata|pars plicata]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominum Latiinorum apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/couronne-ciliaire-1557868964#from=2 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars [[Vas sanguineum|vasculosa]] [[Corpus ciliare|corporis ciliaris]] quae [[Lens (anatomia)|lentem]] velut corona cingit. In corona ciliari procedunt [[processus ciliares]]  qui [[Humor aquosus|humorem aquosum]] in cameram oculi posteriorem effundunt. Simul corona ciliaris puncta ligationis [[Fibrae zonulares|zonularibus fibris]] praebet qui [[accomodatio (optica)|accomodationem]] moderantur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Nicholas A. Delamere, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/S1569259005100056 Ciliary Body and Ciliary Epithelium]&quot;, ''Advances in Organ Biology'', 2005: 127-148
*José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Bachar Kudsieh, Julián García-Feijóo. &quot;[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/11206721211031409 Diagnostic imaging of the ciliary body: Technologies, outcomes, and future perspectives]&quot;, ''European Journal of Ophthalmology'', 2021
*Baige Li, Ting Xie, Scott Nawy, Yin Shen. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772892724000178 The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body]&quot;, ''Cell Insight'', 2024: 100162
*Murray TG , Boldt HC, Lewis H, Abrams GW, Mieler WF, Han DP. &quot;[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/639340 A technique for facilitated visualization and dissection of the vitreous base, pars plana, and pars plicata]&quot;, ''Archives of Ophthalmology'', 1991: 1458-1459
* H.R.L. Napier, S.H. Kidson. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483506003137 Molecular events in early development of the ciliary body: A question of folding]&quot;, ''Experimental Eye Research'', 2007: 615-625
*  Gazella Bruce Warjri &amp; Sirisha Senthil. &quot;[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08820538.2022.2085515 Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review]&quot;, ''Seminars in Ophthalmology'', 2022: 711-723

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-pars-plicata-of-the-ciliary-body-Anterior-zonular_fig2_359546386 Electronica micrographia partis plicatae]
* [https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/tete-et-cou/oeil?ul=true#mic=eye-illustrations&amp;afi=29&amp;is=6766&amp;il=fr&amp;l=fr_FR&amp;isf=true Imago apud IMAIOS]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>rzd5u2fipcph3zdjz1gfy791zif184z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lansinga (Michigania)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329277</id>
    <redirect title="Lansinga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993630</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Demetrius Talpa movit paginam [[Lansinga (Michigania)]] ad [[Lansinga]]: explicatio inutilis, omnes nexus ad unam Lansingam</comment>
      <origin>3993630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="tmb4k8uc167kyp4ifjgzzp5jezijv84" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Lansinga]]</text>
      <sha1>tmb4k8uc167kyp4ifjgzzp5jezijv84</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Lansinga (Michigania)</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>329278</id>
    <redirect title="Disputatio:Lansinga" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993632</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Demetrius Talpa movit paginam [[Disputatio:Lansinga (Michigania)]] ad [[Disputatio:Lansinga]]: explicatio inutilis, omnes nexus ad unam Lansingam</comment>
      <origin>3993632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="ozv5zogvlym05b5qy54qxwumt0hzrwt" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Disputatio:Lansinga]]

{{De hac redirectione|ratio=collectio}}</text>
      <sha1>ozv5zogvlym05b5qy54qxwumt0hzrwt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Petropolis (Dacota Meridionalis)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329279</id>
    <redirect title="Petropolis (Dacota Meridiana)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993633</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:51:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3993633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="30whej8j46lxxrs4zg2rpbch95bixve" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Petropolis (Dacota Meridiana)]]</text>
      <sha1>30whej8j46lxxrs4zg2rpbch95bixve</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Columbia (Carolina Meridionalis)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329280</id>
    <redirect title="Columbia (Carolina Meridiana)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993636</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:54:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3993636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="8tc6a8uxeqqrmdn2yy0cg2fpb5dkkh8" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Columbia (Carolina Meridiana)]]</text>
      <sha1>8tc6a8uxeqqrmdn2yy0cg2fpb5dkkh8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pars plicata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329281</id>
    <redirect title="Corona ciliaris" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993640</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:57:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Corona ciliaris]]</comment>
      <origin>3993640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="9i9k9il14g5qbud8pm6x7pp9a2yhjan" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Corona ciliaris]]</text>
      <sha1>9i9k9il14g5qbud8pm6x7pp9a2yhjan</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zonula ciliaris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329282</id>
    <redirect title="Fibrae zonulares" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993643</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:59:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Fibrae zonulares]]</comment>
      <origin>3993643</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="8np3xbhr2fj0gaqz9d3ou8i8mxbikop" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Fibrae zonulares]]</text>
      <sha1>8np3xbhr2fj0gaqz9d3ou8i8mxbikop</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zonula Zinni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329283</id>
    <redirect title="Fibrae zonulares" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993644</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T09:59:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Fibrae zonulares]]</comment>
      <origin>3993644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="8np3xbhr2fj0gaqz9d3ou8i8mxbikop" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Fibrae zonulares]]</text>
      <sha1>8np3xbhr2fj0gaqz9d3ou8i8mxbikop</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hardifordia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329284</id>
    <redirect title="Hartfordia (Connecticuta)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993649</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:06:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3993649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="nycjn1yvw95w127eonyvbgn34onz1ek" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Hartfordia (Connecticuta)]]rdia]]</text>
      <sha1>nycjn1yvw95w127eonyvbgn34onz1ek</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3993650</id>
      <parentid>3993649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:07:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3993650</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="rhoqk12w44mfbnewrpp1pramh5rjvdk" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Hartfordia (Connecticuta)]]</text>
      <sha1>rhoqk12w44mfbnewrpp1pramh5rjvdk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osloß</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329285</id>
    <redirect title="Odenhus" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993655</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T10:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Osloß]] ad [[Odenhus]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3993655</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="mpr3lnozu21x3x2bwxej4akmazwlnb4" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Odenhus]]</text>
      <sha1>mpr3lnozu21x3x2bwxej4akmazwlnb4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asnebruggi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329286</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993659</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:11:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hasae Pons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329287</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993660</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:12:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993660</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hasaepons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329288</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993661</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:12:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnabrugga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329289</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993662</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:13:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnabruggae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329290</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993663</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:13:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnaburga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329291</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993664</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:14:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnaburgum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329292</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993665</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:14:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnobrogae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329293</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993666</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:15:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osnobrogga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329294</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993667</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:15:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993667</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ossenbrääch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329295</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993668</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:16:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993668</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ossenbrügge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329296</id>
    <redirect title="Ansibarium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993669</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:17:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Ansibarium]]</comment>
      <origin>3993669</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ansibarium]]</text>
      <sha1>85ba6sc75ajcwj7jt31j8en7i09c6jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osteel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329297</id>
    <redirect title="Astedele" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993674</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Osteel]] ad [[Astedele]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3993674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="luetgf9si463s0w3vkvbewglh2vyk3d" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Astedele]]</text>
      <sha1>luetgf9si463s0w3vkvbewglh2vyk3d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oosteel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329298</id>
    <redirect title="Astedele" />
    <revision>
      <id>3993676</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T11:51:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Astedele]]</comment>
      <origin>3993676</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="luetgf9si463s0w3vkvbewglh2vyk3d" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Astedele]]</text>
      <sha1>luetgf9si463s0w3vkvbewglh2vyk3d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>