Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop

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    <title>Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop</title>
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      <comment>Vetus synonymum “Disputatio Wikipedia:” in formam recentiorem redegi</comment>
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      <text bytes="57678" sha1="b45v3b7e6jpg840xm29mhqobm5eiu3p" xml:space="preserve">== Ave ==
Can you convert the day and month names to latin ones. Actually we got : [[{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}]] [[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]] [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]]
Month names : see [[Mens latinus]]

Valete [[Usator:Treanna|Treanna]] 08:04 dec 25, 2003 (UTC)

~Tu learn more about roman calendar, see these pages : 
*http://www.guernsey.net/%7Esgibbs/roman.html
*http://www.wilkiecollins.demon.co.uk/roman/calco1.htm
*http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar of course ;o) 
[[Usator:Treanna|Treanna]] 06:03 dec 27, 2003 (UTC)

== Dear Adam, ==

Your name is familiar to me from the English-language Wikipedia.  I couldn't agree more with your comments at [[en:Wikipedia talk:Multilingual statistics]].  The Latin Wikipedia is cluttered with material that doesn't belong there (e.g., chapters of the Vulgate) and worthless articles, little more than stubs, many of which are written in the most miserable Latin I have ever seen, some of it actually impossible to understand.  Perhaps that is why few users seem to sign in before contributing.  The interface could use a little work as well.  For example, the word for &quot;user&quot; should be &quot;utens&quot;; the plural of &quot;nexus&quot; is &quot;nexus&quot; (with a long &quot;u&quot;), not &quot;nexi&quot;; &quot;Paginae specialiae&quot; should be &quot;Paginae speciales&quot;; the list of special pages is in Interlingua.  I'd like to help, but time hasn't yet permitted.  Don't lose hope; surely we can make something useful out of it!  

Best regards, [[Usator:Flauto Dolce|Flauto Dolce]] 02:46 feb 3, 2004 (UTC)

I agree my latin sucks, i'll try to help as much as i can but it's hard for me (i am an American, we can't speak other languages LOL) Pax.--[[Usor:Plato|Plato]] 05:35 apr 1, 2004 (UTC)

:S.V.B.E.E.Q.V.  I think you've done very well, especially for one still learning the language, and considering just how much text there was in the interface to translate!  Prose composition is a great deal more difficult than spotting errors in existing text.  I'll try to find some time to do the former (I am really out of practice!), and when I've made some contributions, perhaps I'll ask to be a sysop.  And yes, I agree that a discussion in the Taberna of what is in scope for the Latin Wikipedia would be a good idea.  The situation in the Volapük Wikipedia is similar, except that there, after an initial dump of dictionary entries, there have been very few contributors, for obvious reasons.  As for me, having barely started to study that language, I have made only a correction or two.  Vale!--[[Usator:Flauto Dolce|Flauto Dolce]] 02:11 feb 6, 2004 (UTC)

== Hi Adam, ==

can you have a look at [[MediaWiki:Blocklistline]] and [[MediaWiki:Blocklogentry]] please. I've added ''exire $2'', which is the expiry time of the block. I'm not sure that's the right word to use though. [[Usator:Angela|Angela]] 10:39 feb 22, 2004 (UTC)

Salve et gratiam ago per tuas correctiones. [[Usor:KIZU|KIZU]] 21:01 mar 29, 2004 (UTC)

Ave! Well help i will try to help you guys on wiki Latin, Pax frater (i think that means Peace Brother tell me if im right) --[[Usor:Plato|Plato]] 08:01 apr 3, 2004 (UTC)

[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 09:31 iul 20, 2004 (UTC): Hello! We're trying right now to come up with an ''official'' way of giving dates, years etc. Would you please join this discussion? Have a look at [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)]] and especially at its [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De orthographia/en|''disputatio''-page]]. By the way, I've just started a [[Wikipedia:Infobox|page]] with templates for infoboxes. Have a look at it, too.  Bye, CalRis.

----
[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 10:10 aug 19, 2004 (UTC): Hello Adam! Congratulations regarding your article about [[C. Iulius Caesar]]. I would have never dared writing such a long article. While proof-reading I've noticed two things:
*On several occasions you seem to use a perfect passive verb as if it were a perfect active one and accordingly misuse the accusative, e.g.
**...Caesar ab Curia Centuriata praetorem urbanum electus erat.
**In hoc tempore Caesar consulem...electus est.
**Anno 44 a.C.n. Caesar consulem...creatus est.
:My Latin grammar book says that the accusative ''consulem'' is only used in the active form (e.g. ''Romani Ciceronem consulem creant.''). When a passive construction is used the nominative case is necessary (e.g. ''Cicero consul factus est.'').
*When using ''ut''-sentences, don't you think that these sentences would be easier to read if the ut-clauses were seperated by commas from the rest of the sentence?
And now for something completely different: do you have an idea why the standard ''skin'' of la.Wikipedia doesn't include the option to convert the article into a printable form? Bye, CalRis.

==Bureaucrat==

Ave. You are now a bureaucrat. You can make sysops using the [[Specialis:makesysop]] page. There are instructions on using this at [[m:Bureaucrat]]. If you have any problems, let me know on my [[en:User talk:Angela|talk page at en]], or leave a note on [[m:Requests for permissions]]. Good luck. [[Usor:Angela|Angela]] 16:14 aug 25, 2004 (UTC)

== more admins ==

Iustinus and Sergius need to be made admins IMHO, their latin is very good and they have been on every day since i bothered to register (saturday :) &amp;mdash; [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolaus]]
: Profecto immensum temporis spatium!!! :-) [[Usor:Sergius|Sergius]] 20:42 aug 25, 2004 (UTC)

== Biblia ==

It was no good idea to delete the Genesis. We have so much bad articles in the Latin Wikipedia what concerns Latin, why must you delete these correct texts? I often used these links. Now all is gone! Perhaps I will stop my collaboration with Latin Wikipedia. [[Usor:Gbust|Gbust]] 20:47 sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

I am not of your opinion concerning the Bible. Just the [[Genesis]] is the most fundamental text of the Bible, and it was nice that we had a text in the Latin Wikipedia. You deleted it in a barbarian way. I will restore the text, found not yet the time. And I think that not the opinion of one person decides which texts to have in Wikipedia. That does not mean that I am a believing man, either catholic or evangelic. I am either catholic nor evangelic. I hope you will not delete the other texts. We have enough bad texts and articles in the Wikipedia. Also in bad Latin. Why delete good texts? That you can find iton another place of the internet is no argument.[[Usor:Gbust|Gbust]] 14:44 nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

I agree to move the Bible text to Wikisource. I hope you will realise your promise.[[Usor:Gbust|Gbust]] 16:12 dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

== Urbs ==

The complete contents of all of the stubs originally linking to [[urbs]] which I have since marked &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delenda}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; are now located at [[Index civitas mundi]]. As I have not yet gone through all of the stubs, the list is incomplete, but all the articles marked ''delenda'' can now be deleted. [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolaus]] 23:29 sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

== InterWiki's ==

Salve Adam! I just arrived today. Is there any way to coordinate the InterWiki's to and from ''la.wikipedia''? Please look at [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] too. Regards [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 00:21 oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
----
I have seen '''active bots''' and wonder how '''other bots''' work. '''Links are like news.''' If you search, you want to have the information '''now''', not in x days, x weeks. I have seen articles '''without any''' link. I have seen categories '''without any''' link. How bots should link them? Servus [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 01:05 oct 25, 2004 (UTC)
&lt;br&gt;
'''P.S.:''' I spend two weeks to achive the links mentioned at [[:de:Diskussion:Liste der Hunderassen#innere und InterWiki links]]. I would like to have a cleen catagorization too. This is why I looked at the Three of life and the categories there. '''la.wikipedia''' and '''en.wikipedia''' would be a perfect navigation help. And it is realy easy to find the latin names and damned difficult to find the others. I managed to link / identify the Japanease [[wiktionary:en:Dog#Translations|dog]] articles in two days. This was OK. Would be happy to keep that rhytm. Regards [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 01:17 oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

== Request for Adminship ==

Thanks Adam, [[Wikipedia:Petitio magistratus#Nicholas Shanks|moved request here]]. [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolus]]

== Hoc intelligo nullo modo!==
Carissime Episcope Adam ¿Loquere visne latinam, germanicam vel anglicam linguam?.( ;)Noli mecum irari, etiam ludens sum.) Medicus sum, seminariorumque cordubensium terapeuta. Ex Argentina salutationes tibi et omnibus ontariensibus amicis! Vale (Shade! Ich habe auch dem Deutsch vergessen!) [[Usor:Nicelotus|Nicelotus]]

== SUMMA, Wikisource ==

Hello Adam,
:- I am Czech, and if I understand correctly, you are a student at „Pontificii Instituti Studiorum Mediae Aetatis in Toronto“. Are you a future catholic priest?
:- About „Summa“ – my intention was not to copy the whole book, but to enable to taste it, to enjoy the specimen text. You spoke about Wikisource – I think, Summa would be perfect object for Wikisource – what about Copyright? In Czechia (I think) validates: the work older then 50 years (if no heritor), the work has no Copyright more. What procedure is necessary to put Summa at Wikisource?
Thanks many and Godbye,
--[[Usor:Johannes pragensis|Johannes pragensis]] 12:50 dec 7, 2004 (UTC) also at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Pospíšil


----


:So you mean - I should toregister at Latin Wikimedia, to login and to upload the Latin texts? :Is it so simple? Or does exists only one(international) Wikimedia?
:And what about quoting? - may I from la.wiki-article about SUMMA to quote something from
la.wikimedia - how looks the link?
Sorry, I am not acustommed with Wikimedia.
--[[Usor:Johannes pragensis|Johannes pragensis]] 14:38 dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

== MediaWiki:Newarticletext ==

:Nexum secutus es ad paginam qui nondum est.
In his verbis mihi non placent:
*''qui'' -&gt; ''quae''.  significatio verbi exsistantis est &quot;tu, qui nondum es(t), es secutus ...&quot;.
*''sequi'' indicat &quot;ire post alterum&quot;.  mallem &quot;per nexum progressus/a es ...&quot;.
*fortasse &quot;... quae nondum sistit&quot; aut &quot;exsistit&quot;?

:'''MediaWiki:Userexists''' (''Nomen usoris qui selegisti iam est'') iam peius est.  ''qui'' rectum nec pro casu nec pro genere: deberet stare ''quod''.

== [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-i18n/2006-May/000002.html &lt;nowiki&gt;[Mediawiki-i18n]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Internationalisation news] ==

* Ave Adam! We have started a new campaign to update the localization files. If you can help improuving the &quot;''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Allmessages}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&quot; &amp;ndash; &amp;lrm;&quot;''{{int:Allmessages}}''&quot;&amp;lrm; files &quot;''LanguageLa.php''&quot; and &quot;''MessagesLa.php''&quot; to run the Latin projects please log in at [http://nike.users.idler.fi/dev/index.php?title=special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup&amp;uselang=en], change the interface to the language of your prefrence at [http://nike.users.idler.fi/dev/index.php?title=special:Preferences&amp;uselang=en], go to [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Betawiki:LanguageLa.php_and_MessagesLa.php '''Betawiki:'''LanguageLa.php and MessagesLa.php] at section &quot;''contact persons''&quot; and list your name. We can start with the new messages translated already and continue step by step.&amp;lrm;
* If you are on [[IRC]] please visit the channel [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-BiDi #wikipedia-BiDi].&amp;lrm;
* For other &quot;''LanguageXx.php''&quot; and &quot;''MessagesXx.php''&quot; files please see [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/category:Internationalization '''Betawiki:'''category:Internationalization]. Thanks in advance! Best regards [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] · [[Disputatio_Usoris:Gangleri|T]] · [[m:user:Gangleri|m:]] [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/user_talk:Gangleri?action=history Th] · [[m:user talk:Gangleri|T]] 00:30, 13 Maii 2006 (UTC)

== Renominatio ==

Salve Adam Episcope, ut scripsi in Taberna velim renominari in &quot;Steinbach&quot;, quia hoc est meum nomen usoris in compluribus aliis Vicipaediis. Mihi dixerunt te unicum &quot;bureaucrat&quot; in Vicipaedia Latina esse, ergo tibi hoc rogo: Velisne me renominare in &quot;Steinbach&quot;? Gratias, [[Usor:Caesarion|Caesario]] &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Disputatio_Usoris:Caesarion&amp;#124;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Velim, non opto&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]] 13:07, 2 Iunii 2006 (UTC)

== Bot status ==

Hello Adam, I think [[Usor:Thijs!bot|Thijs!bot]] should get the bot status. See:
* [[Disputatio Usoris:Thijs!bot]]
* http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_bot_status#la:User:Thijs.21bot
Regards --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 17:27, 12 Iunii 2006 (UTC)

:Roland2, thanks! I was told as you saw on meta that I needed to find a bureaucrat. In the 3 minutes I had time to look I did not find any, but you helped me out. Thanks!
:Adam, indeed I would like to get a bot flag, so I will not disturb the Recent Changes anymore. [[Usor:Thijs!bot|Thijs!bot]] 23:15, 12 Iunii 2006 (UTC)
::Yeah, definitely agree, I have seen [[Usor:Thijs!bot|Thijs!bot]] do prolific and very useful work. Trustworthy, so to speak.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 23:47, 12 Iunii 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for having it done. --[[Usor:Roland2|Roland2]] 06:09, 13 Iunii 2006 (UTC)

== [[User:Escarbot]] ==

Hello,

I am operating [[User:Escarbot]] to make interwiki links using '''pywikipedia''' software.

[[Usor:UV]] told me I should ask you for the bot flag.

I already have bot flag for nl: sr: da: ht: fr: pt: is: it: li: sv: sk: na: be: ja: ro: lb: zh-min-nan:

You can check the modifications I made on [[Specialis:Contributions/Escarbot]]

Best regards,

[[Usor:Vargenau|Vargenau]] 10:07, 11 Iulii 2006 (UTC)

: Support, edits look ok. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 00:51, 30 Iulii 2006 (UTC)

== TuvicBot ==

est credendus. Quaeso ut ei vexillum bot des. [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#TuvicBot]], gratias et ave!--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 18:51, 23 Iulii 2006 (UTC)

:Fortasse Escarbot, etiam.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 18:51, 23 Iulii 2006 (UTC)

==  LeonardoRob0t ==

This one is good too...--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] 03:56, 13 Augusti 2006 (UTC)

:Factum est. [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] 05:51, 13 Augusti 2006 (UTC)

== UV ==

[[Usor:UV|UV]] ad honorem magistrati suffragati sumus. Quaeso ut potestates ei des. Anglice in tuam paginam apud wikipediam disputationis etiam notam scribo. Gratias sic semper.--[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchio|(disp)]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; 21:49, 11 Septembris 2006 (UTC)

== De Vicipaedia Latina ==

Salve Adam,

Scribere volo relationem de Vicipaedia latina (pro commentario periodico nomine &quot;vox latina&quot;).
Mihi gaudio est, si alias quaestiones respondere vis:

*1) Quid est Vicipaedia?
*2) Quomodo Vicipaedia differt ab lexicis aliis?
*3) Quomodo Vicipaedia latina differt ab Vicipaediis aliarum linguarum?
*4) a) Quomodo lemmata cum argumento falso vel ficto scripta prohiberi possunt? b) Quomodo lemmata in falsa lingua latina scripta prohiberi possunt?
*5) Quam utilitatem Vicipaedia mihi dat?
*6) Quas alias paginas latinas in interrete commendare potes?
*7) Ullam quaestionem desideras? Aliquas annotationes facere vis?
Gratias tibi ago pro labore tuo,
--[[Usor:Lupambulus|Lupambulus]] 16:23, 15 Septembris 2006 (UTC)

==De nomine mutando==

Potes nomem usoris meum mutare? Puto ''medievalista'' non prorium esse, quod Hispanice est. Malo ''Xaverius'', qui nomen latinum meum est. Gratias tibi ago!--[[Usor:Medievalista|Xaverius]] 09:08, 21 Martii 2007 (UTC)
:Multas gratias tibi ago! In modo Hispanicorum, dicimus: malo moram quam nunquam!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 21:52, 28 Aprilis 2007 (UTC)
::Anglice dicamus: (id) melius sero quam nunquam. =] --[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchius|Ioshus]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioshus Rocchius|(disp)]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; 21:57, 28 Aprilis 2007 (UTC)

==De nomine mutando==
Ave, etiam desidero ut mutas nominem meum. Desidero nominem &quot;Calculus&quot;. Sum Calculus in Vicipediae Germaniae. S.P.D. [[Usor:Dan-Philipp|Dan-Philipp]] 12:07, 6 Aprilis 2007 (UTC)

==[[Usor:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]]==
Bot status without even requesting, thank you very much. [[Usor:Multichill|Multichill]] 21:06, 24 Maii 2007 (UTC)

==De nomine mutando==
Ave, etiam desidero ut mutas nominem meum. Desidero nominem &quot;Accurimbono&quot;. Thanks! --[[Usor:Accurimbono|Accurimbono]] 12:32, 8 Iunii 2007 (UTC)

:Thanks, now it's possible to delete or block my [[Usor:Francesco Gabrielli|old user page]]. That's for privacy reason. Thanks! --[[Usor:Accurimbono|Accurimbono]] 13:56, 11 Iunii 2007 (UTC)

== Delere paginam ==

Ave, posses delere meam paginam? S.P.D. [[Usor:Calculus|Calculus]] 09:57, 30 Iunii 2007 (UTC)
: Calcule, paginam tuam delevi. Vale! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 16:44, 1 Iulii 2007 (UTC)

==Blank_talk_pages==
Adam, please can you have a look at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Blank_talk_pages]]? Thanks. Your talk page I can read without troubles, even that of UV. --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 06:24, 4 Augusti 2007 (UTC)
:Solved. --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 11:48, 4 Augusti 2007 (UTC)

== Rename ==

Hi! Could you please rename my account to ABF for Single login? Thank You, [[Usor:Viele-baeren|Viele-baeren]] 14:37, 17 Augusti 2007 (UTC)

== [[user:Gangleri]] ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; &gt;
=== [[user:Gangleri]] → [[user:לערי ריינהארט|לערי ריינהארט]] ===
&lt;!--
%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98
%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%20%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98
--&gt;
* Salve Adam Episcope!. Please rename my account clicking [{{fullurl:special:Renameuser|uselang={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;oldusername=Gangleri&amp;newusername={{URLENCODE:לערי}}%20{{URLENCODE:ריינהארט}}&amp;reason=%5B%5Bw%3Ayi%3A%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%20%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%5D%5D#dummy}} here].&lt;br /&gt;
* Current name: [[User:Gangleri|Gangleri]] (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[User talk:Gangleri|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Gangleri|contribs]] '''·''' [{{fullurl:Special:Log|user=Gangleri}} &lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;] '''·''' [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=block&amp;page=User:Gangleri}} &lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;block log&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;)
* Requested name: [{{fullurl:special:Listusers|limit=1&amp;username={{URLENCODE:לערי}}%20{{URLENCODE:ריינהארט}}}} special:Listusers {{style/yid|dir=ltr|yid=לערי ריינהארט}}]
* Reason: [[w:yi:יידישע וויקיפעדיע#לערי_ריינהארט]]
: The link [[w:yi:יידישע וויקיפעדיע#לערי_ריינהארט]] links to a project of the [[w:en:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] the [[w:en:Yiddish Wikipedia|Yiddish Wikipedia]].
: The section points to « {{style/yid|yid=לערי ריינהארט}} » ; the [[w:en:Transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] is « {{style/IPA|IPA=lɛʁi ʁɑjnhɑʁt}} » ; That's me.

: Please see [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch2.pl?project=wikipedia&amp;timeout=120&amp;minor=1&amp;search=user:Gangleri GglobalWPSearch:user:Gangleri].

: Thanks in advance! Best regards [[user:Gangleri|Gangleri]]
: ·&amp;lrm;[[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]]·[[Disputatio_Usoris:Gangleri|T]]·[[m:user:Gangleri|m:]]&amp;nbsp;[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/user_talk:Gangleri?action=history Th]·[[m:user talk:Gangleri|T]]·[[m:special:Emailuser/Gangleri|email me]]·&amp;lrm; 21:08, 26 Decembris 2007 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

== [[User:BodhisattvaBot|BodhisattvaBot]] ==
(request for bot flag)
Hello, BodhisattvaBot is interwiki bot (only) using pywikipedia framework.

Already have bot flag on hr:, waiting on bs:, sr:, eo:.

Owner: [[User:Dalibor Bosits|Dalibor Bosits]], it runs primary from hr Wiki.  

Best regards, --[[Usor:Dalibor Bosits|Dalibor Bosits]] 22:28, 19 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC)

== Deo Volente ==

Hi Adam Episcopus, can you help me? [[Usor:Mikhailov Kusserow|Mikhailov Kirow]] 08:34, 23 Ianuarii 2008 (UTC)

==Renaming==
Hello Adam, can you say me how I can change my name in the Latin Wikipedia? I would like to be renamed to [[Usor:Franck000|Franck000]]. Greets [[Usor:Franck|Franck]] 20:30, 4 Februarii 2008 (UTC)

==Entlinkt==
Could you explain to me about Entlinkt, Adam? So that I understand if the same thing happens another time ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:30, 21 Februarii 2008 (UTC)
:It's OK. I think I've guessed it now. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:05, 21 Februarii 2008 (UTC)

==Bot flag request for [[Usor:Computatrum]]==

* Bot operator: [[User:White Cat]] ([[:Commons:User:White Cat]]) - En-N, Tr-4, Ja-1
* List of botflags on other projects: Bot has a flag on wikimedia (meta,commons) wikipedia (ar, az, de, en, es, et, fr, is, ja, ku, nn, no, ru, sr, tr, uz, simple) (See: [[m:User:White Cat#Bots]])
* Purpose: Interwiki linking, double redirect fixing, commons delinking (for cases where commonsdelinker fails)
--&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 23:40, 7 Martii 2008 (UTC)

==Username rename==
I'd like my account [[User:Cool Cat]] to be renamed to [[User:White Cat]] as per my wikimedia-wide username rename. Thanks. --&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 23:40, 7 Martii 2008 (UTC)

:Because of [[meta:SUL]], I'd gracefully want to request a username change from NielsF to [[User:Niels|Niels]] in order to unify my login. Best regards, [[Usor:NielsF|NielsF]] 23:55, 5 Aprilis 2008 (UTC)

== ViskonBot ==

Dear Adam Episcopus, I would like to request you for bot right for [[User:ViskonBot]]. It has a bot status in 2 wikipedias, and fixes interwikis between 8 wikipedias. Thank You. --[[Usor:Viskonsas|Visconsus]] 11:30, 10 Maii 2008 (UTC)

== [[Special:Contributions/Hégésippe]] ==

Je te mets le laïus utilisé dans d'autres cas d'usurpations :

&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: #f9f9f9&quot;&gt;
Bonjour Adam. Mon compte utilisateur, sur 725 projets hébergés par la Wikimedia Foundation, est '''Hégésippe Cormier''' (mais j'utilise la simple signature ''Hégésippe'' sur les pages de discussion). Je n'ai pas de problème avec ces comptes, qui ont été fusionnés il y a plusieurs semaines, lorsque le ''Single user login'' a été activé pour les administrateurs, cf. &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;http://la.wikipedia.org/w/ca.php&lt;/span&gt;, ligne 36.

Mais j'ai aussi créé, les années précédentes, des «&amp;nbsp;comptes de sécurité&amp;nbsp;» intitulés '''Hégésippe''', sur 75 projets Wikimedia projects, et qui ont déjà été fusionnés par le SUL, cf. &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;http://la.wikipedia.org/w/ca.php&lt;/span&gt;, ligne 2391.

Mais il y a aussi 11 projets (9 Wikipedia, 1 wikiquote, + Meta-Wiki) où le nom ''Hégésippe'' a été usurpé délibérément, parmi lesquels ''Hégésippe'' sur la.wikipedia.org, créé le 15 décembre 2006, avec 4 contributions (j'ignore si ce compte a des contributions supprimées).

&lt;u&gt;Mon souhait est que ce compte usurpé '''Hégésippe@lawiki''' soit renommé en n'importe quoi pour dissiper la confusion&lt;/u&gt; (''Usurpatedaccount20080528'' ou tout autre nom, selon les usages de renommage de compte usurpés que vous pouvez avoir sur la.wikipedia.org...), puisque la personne titulaire de ce compte n'est pas la vraie personne faisant usage de ce nom partout ailleurs sur les projets Wikimedia.

Peux-tu m'apporter de l'aide en la matière ? Je suis joignable (comme sur tous les projets Wikimedia) depuis la page [[Special:Emailuser/Hégésippe Cormier]].

[[User:Hégésippe Cormier|Hégésippe]] | [[User talk:Hégésippe Cormier|±Θ±]] 09:57, 28 Maii 2008 (UTC) – Compte principal : fr.wikipedia.org ([[:fr:User talk:Hégésippe Cormier|page de discussion sur wp-FR]])
&lt;/div&gt;

Il me reste une dizaine de requêtes du même genre à accomplir (soupirs). [[User:Hégésippe Cormier|Hégésippe]] | [[User talk:Hégésippe Cormier|±Θ±]] 09:57, 28 Maii 2008 (UTC)
:Je te remercie pour le renommage du compte usurpé. Tout va bien pour la.wikipedia.org, maintenant. [[User:Hégésippe Cormier|Hégésippe]] | [[User talk:Hégésippe Cormier|±Θ±]] 19:24, 31 Maii 2008 (UTC)

==Username change==
Please rename [[User:Miko Stavrev|Miko Stavrev]] to [[User:Мико|Мико]]. SUL. Thanks.--[[User:Miko Stavrev|Miko Stavrev]] 08:52, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

== Usurpation of User:Caesar ==

Hello! I am [[:w:sv:User:Caesar]] ([http://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anv%C3%A4ndare:Caesar/Systrar&amp;diff=6756161&amp;oldid=6756119 confirmation]; [http://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAnv%C3%A4ndare&amp;username=Caesar&amp;group=&amp;limit=1&amp;uselang=en home wiki user rights]). I would like to usurp the account [[User:Caesar]], which has only one contribution from almost three years ago, for SUL. Thank you in advance! –[[Usor:Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaius Iulius Caesar]] 19:43, 10 Iunii 2008 (UTC)

: Thank you very much! –[[Usor:Caesar|Caesar]] 20:08, 10 Iunii 2008 (UTC)

== Request for bot flag ==
What happens to my [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Request_bot_flag_for_WikiDreamer_Bot|request]]? --[[:fr:User:WikiDreamer|WikiDreamer]] 15:39, 30 Iunii 2008 (UTC)

== Computatrum → タチコマ robot ==

I own both accounts. This request is to unify all of my bot accounts for SUL. Thanks. --&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:48, 11 Iulii 2008 (UTC)
:Done. - [[Usor:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] 08:57, 19 Augusti 2008 (UTC)

== SUL ==
Hi Adam! I own the global account ''Stefan'' (and therefore the local account [[User:Stefan|Stefan]], too). Now I want my old account ''St-fl'' to be renamed to ''Stefan''. Can you please rename ''Stefan'' to something to make it free and after that ''St-fl'' to ''Stefan''? When the request is done, please note me on my [[:de:user talk:Stefan|talk page at de:wp]] (I don’t want to create the local ''Stefan'' automatically again ;-)) Thank you, --[[Usor:St-fl|St-fl]] 22:36, 10 Augusti 2008 (UTC)
:Done. - [[Usor:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] 08:57, 19 Augusti 2008 (UTC)

== Bot username rename ==

Hi, I'd like my bot [[Usor:Computatrum]] to be renamed to [[User:タチコマ robot]]. This rename request is per my wikimedia wide bot username rename. I have decided to have a single username to more efficiently use SUL. Thanks.

*If this is not the right place to make this request, please move it to the right place.

--&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 15:58, 13 Augusti 2008 (UTC)

:Already done. - [[Usor:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] 08:57, 19 Augusti 2008 (UTC)

== Please rename me ==

Hello, I'd like to be renamed from [[Usor:Sarazyn]] to [[User:Jonathan Groß]] (SUL). Thanks. [[Usor:Sarazyn|Sarazynus]] &lt;small&gt;[[Disputatio Usoris:Sarazyn|DOMI]]&lt;/small&gt; 16:29, 14 Septembris 2008 (UTC)

== Bot flag for UVbot ==
Hello Adam, can you give [[Usor:UV|UV's]] bot ([[Usor:UVbot]]) the flag, please? See [[Disputatio_Usoris:UV#Bot_flag_for_UVbot]]. Thanks! --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 07:11, 18 Octobris 2008 (UTC)
:Thanks! ([[Vicipaedia:Taberna#UVbot]]) --[[Usor:Rolandus|Rolandus]] 07:40, 3 Novembris 2008 (UTC)

== Bot status request ==

* '''Bot name''' : [[User:Kwjbot]]
* '''Operator''' : [[m:User:Kwj2772]]
* '''Programming Language''' : Pywikipediabot
* '''Function''' :Interwiki modification
* '''Botstatus on other wiki''' : See [[m:User:Kwj2772/Bots#Wikipedia]]
Thank you!--[[m:User:Kwj2772|Kwj2772]] 14:13, 19 Octobris 2008 (UTC)

== Removed bot status? ==

Hi Adam Episcopus, why did you [http://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis%3AActa&amp;type=&amp;user=&amp;page=user%3ABotMultichill&amp;year=&amp;month=-1 remove] my bot status? My bot is [[Specialis:Conlationes/BotMultichill|active]] over here. [[Usor:Multichill|Multichill]] 13:37, 30 Ianuarii 2009 (UTC)
: Hello Multichill, la.wikipedia recently opted in to [[meta:Bot policy#Global bots|global bots]]. Your bot has the global bot flag and therefore does not need the &quot;local&quot; bot flag any more. We appreciate the work of your bot, please just continue to run your bot here! Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 01:11, 31 Ianuarii 2009 (UTC)
:: A global bot flag doesn't replace a local bot flag. A global bot flag is much more [[:meta:Bot_policy#Global_bots|restrictive]] than a local bot flag. Please restore my bot flag so i can keep running Commonscat over here. [[Usor:Multichill|Multichill]] 15:14, 7 Februarii 2009 (UTC)
::: Well, if one interprets the rules strictly, then you are of course right (and BotMultichill, your bot, is one of the very few bots that do more than just interwiki, which is great!) No objection against restoring the local bot flag for BotMultichill in this case. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 21:18, 7 Februarii 2009 (UTC)
::: Hello Multichill, BotMultichill now has the local bot flag again (in addition to the global one, of course). Thank you for your good work! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 09:10, 11 Februarii 2009 (UTC)
:::: Thank you. It's 2 months since the last commonscat run over here. I'll fire up my bot tomorrow to get everything up to date again. [[Usor:Multichill|Multichill]] 00:12, 12 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== Rename request (SUL) ==

Hi, I'm [[:en:User:Maximillion Pegasus]] and was wondering if you could rename [[Usor:Maximillion Pegasus]]. He has made no contributions since 2006 so it highly unlikely he will be editing again and the account has already been usurped on the Italian Wikipedia. Regards, [[Specialis:Conlationes/74.44.188.215|74.44.188.215]] 02:03, 21 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== 08-09 rename request ==
Hello! I was wondering if I might be renamed from [[Usor:Adamas|Adamas]] to [[Usor:Silence|Silence]]? I'm integrating my [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Silence usernames] in the different Wikis to avoid confusion. Thanks! -[[Usor:Adamas|Adamas]] 00:32, 31 Augusti 2009 (UTC)

== rename request ==

Hi Adam, could you please rename my account to &quot;John Vandenberg&quot;.  see [[meta:User_talk:John_Vandenberg#global_rename_confirmation]].  Thank you. [[Usor:Jayvdb|John Vandenberg]] 05:19, 12 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De nomine mutando ==

Ave Adam, desidero ut mutas nominem meum. Desidero nominem &quot;Usor:Helveticus montanus&quot;. Gratia tibi ago --[[Usor:Massimo Macconi|Massimo Macconi]] 05:29, 12 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De nomen mutando ==

Tibi gratia ago propter nominis mutationem--[[Usor:Helveticus montanus|Helveticus montanus]] 05:26, 14 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== Rename: Hexagon1 &gt; Happenstance ==

Could you please rename [[User:Hexagon1]] here to [[User:Happenstance]] for consistency with [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User%3AHappenstance%2FSandbox&amp;diff=316241945&amp;oldid=316241824 enwiki]? Thank you very much. +[[User:Hexagon1|Hexagon1]] &lt;sup&gt;([[User talk:Hexagon1|t]])&lt;/sup&gt; ([[m:en:User:Hexagon1|en]]) 04:21, 26 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== Username change ==
Hello. I ask you to change my username to '''Visible Light''' Thank you! [[Usor:Flamevox|Visible Light]] 11:03, 3 Novembris 2009 (UTC)

== [[Heraclitus]] ==

Ave Adam! Scio qui candidatus philosophiae doctoratus es, sic mihi videtur scribere ad te posse. Meministi Heraclitum heremitam fuisse? &lt;small&gt;Post Scriptum: Studiavi eum anno isto, sed cognovi aliquem hanc informationem putare &quot;legendariam&quot;. Responsum tuum attendo.&lt;/small&gt; --[[Usor:Gallius|Gallius]] 19:49, 17 Novembris 2009 (UTC)

== Heraclitus ==

Gratias te ago responso tuo. Vale! --[[Usor:Gallius|Gallius]] 20:55, 26 Decembris 2009 (UTC)

== 3247 =&gt; cfaerber ==
Ave! I'd like to change my username from '''3247''' to '''Cfaerber''' across all wikis. I've already been renamed on all other projects (with edits). Proof of ownership of global account/consent of destination username is here: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cfaerber&amp;action=history]; lawiki is the last one  Thanks. (NB: Unfortunately, the destination account has been autocreated when I visited lawiki.)  -- [[Usor:3247|MMMCCXLVII]] 23:45, 9 Februarii 2010 (UTC)
:Informed user on his English page that Adam doesn't frequent our branch too often. --[[Usor:Ioscius|Ioscius]]&lt;sup&gt;'''[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius|∞]]'''&lt;/sup&gt; 00:12, 10 Februarii 2010 (UTC)

== De nomine mutando ==

Please rename me to [[Usor:Diego Grez]] as I'm requesting rename on many wikis. Thanks. --[[Usor:MisterWiki|MisterWiki]] 01:56, 9 Aprilis 2010 (UTC)
: Thank you. --[[Usor:Diego Grez|Diego Grez]] 20:29, 14 Maii 2010 (UTC)

Could you please rename [[Usor:MWBot]] to [[User:Diego Grez]] please? Thanks. --[[Usor:Diego Grez|Diego Grez]] 00:30, 4 Iulii 2010 (UTC)
: This is not possible, because the user account [[User:Diego Grez]] is already in use (by you). --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 11:41, 4 Iulii 2010 (UTC)
::Yes, you're right! I wrote it wrong! I want [[Usor:MWBot]] to be renamed to [[Usor:Diego Grez Bot]], as that is the name it occupies in the other wikimedia wikis, thanks in advance and sorry for the ultra-delayed response! [[Usor:Diego Grez|Diego Grez]] 05:21, 31 Ianuarii 2011 (UTC)

== [[Usor:KamikazeBot]] ==
Hi! I'm Karol007 and my main project is polish Wikipedia. In latin Wikipedia my Bot working for last year, but I don't have a flag. Where can I officialy ask about this? On [[Vicipaedia:Automata|this page]] I don't see requests other users. ([http://toolserver.org/~luxo/contributions/contributions.php?user=KamikazeBot&amp;blocks=true&amp;lang=pl count] and [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?rights=1&amp;user=KamikazeBot status in other project] the KamikazeBot) [[Usor:Karol007|Karol007]] 02:00, 6 Maii 2010 (UTC)
:Hi Karol, I will direct [[Usor:UV|UV]]'s attention to this, as he is our tech guru. --[[Usor:Ioscius|Ioscius]]  &lt;sup&gt;'''[[Disputatio Usoris:Ioscius|∞]]'''&lt;/sup&gt; 06:25, 6 Maii 2010 (UTC)
:: Hello, I do not have any objection to this request. The bot's contributions look fine, and although a bot flag would not be strictly necessary (as sthe bot currently only makes a handful of edits per day), both the bot and the operator appear trustworthy, so in my view the request should be granted. Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 19:52, 6 Maii 2010 (UTC)
:Done. --[[Usor:Mav|Mav]] 23:36, 15 Iunii 2010 (UTC)
:: Note: KamikazeBot is now a global bot, therefore I asked Adam to remove the now-unnecessary local bot flag again. --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 20:19, 3 Iulii 2010 (UTC)

== Rename ==

Hi, if you can, I'd like to rename my account here, in order to complete the SUL rename and be able to unify the new one...
The new username is  &lt;code&gt;Larry Yuma&lt;/code&gt;
Thanks! For confirmation see also http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Username_changes#Yuma.40multiple_projects

--[[Usor:Yuma|Yuma]] 00:55, 10 Decembris 2010 (UTC)

Gratias tibi !! :) --[[Usor:Larry Yuma|Larry Yuma]] 16:01, 14 Decembris 2010 (UTC)

== Rename 2 ==

Hi Adam, could you please rename my account from [[Usor:Amphitrite]] to [[Usor:Aylin]]?--[[Usor:Amphitrite|Aylin]] 18:53, 11 Maii 2011 (UTC)
:Thanks! --[[Usor:Aylin|Aylin]] 09:44, 12 Maii 2011 (UTC)

== ''Rinominatio'' request ==

''Vale'' Adam, could you rename my account ([[user:Sogeking]]) to the new name [[user:Barbaking|Barbaking]]? It is my username on the italian wikipedia, and I'm renaming it globally. Here is a [http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_utente%3ABarbaking&amp;action=historysubmit&amp;diff=42261145&amp;oldid=41234878 confirmation link] on it.wiki. Thanks in advance, --[[Usor:Sogeking|Sogeking]] 07:38, 27 Iulii 2011 (UTC)

== Bot flag for [[User:タチコマ robot]] ==

Bot handles double redirects and interwiki links and has a global bot flag. I [http://toolserver.org/~quentinv57/tools/sulinfo.php?username=%E3%82%BF%E3%83%81%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E_robot&amp;showlocked=1 noticed] that my bot has quite a few edits here on this wiki so I decided to also apply for a local bot flag which may have been removed due to inactivity in the past. --&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 01:38, 29 Decembris 2011 (UTC)
: Hello White Cat, a local bot flag is not necessary at all - your bot does have the global bot flag, therefore its edits do not usually show up in our recentchanges and watchlists. It is our policy that we generally '''remove''' the local bot flag when a global bot flag is granted. Happy editing! Greetings, --[[Usor:UV|UV]] 18:29, 29 Decembris 2011 (UTC)

==Request for new username==
Salve! I would like to have my username changed:

Aaemn784 &gt; Panarium

--- [[Usor:Aaemn784|Aaemn784]] 03:24, 13 Ianuarii 2012 (UTC)

== Bot flag for [[Usor:JYBot|JYBot]] ==

Hi dear Adam Episcopus,

I want to request for a bot flag , but I can not find the request page , Can you help me ? My Bot function is interwiki with -autonomous option in ns:0 (articles).Regards [[Usor:Javadyou|Javadyou]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Javadyou|disputatio]]) 10:49, 4 Maii 2012 (UTC)
: Hello Javadyou, JYBot does not need a bot flag for now. Maybe the community will later decide to grant JYBot the bot flag. Happy editing! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:25, 4 Maii 2012 (UTC)

== Renaming request ==

Hello. I request renaming '''my two''' following accounts:
* محمد الجداوي → Avocato
* GedawyBot → AvocatoBot
Confirmation link: [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A&amp;diff=3902291&amp;oldid=3488161]. Reason: Privacy reasons.
'''Please note:''' You may found the destination accounts (Avocato &amp; AvocatoBot) already exist, I created these new accounts here automatically by mistake (self-created), and I own them (see [[sulutil:Avocato|here]] and [[sulutil:AvocatoBot|here]]). Thanks in advance.--[[User:محمد الجداوي|M.Gedawy]] 22:17, 9 Augusti 2012 (UTC)
:Done! [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 11:42, 10 Augusti 2012 (UTC)

== Rename? ==

Could be so kind to change my username?: Nielsheur -&gt; Nicolaus Augurinus

Thank you

[[Usor:Nielsheur|Nielsheur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Nielsheur|disputatio]]) 13:00, 30 Decembris 2012 (UTC)

:Done! [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 13:09, 30 Decembris 2012 (UTC)

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|Forced user renames coming soon for SUL]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, sorry for writing in English. I'm writing to ask you, as a bureaucrat of this wiki, to [//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Single+User+Login+finalisation+announcement%2FPersonal+announcement&amp;filter=&amp;action=page translate and review the notification] that will be sent to all users, also on this wiki, who will be forced to change their user name on May 27 and will probably need your help with renames.
You may also want to help with the pages [[m:Rename practices]] and [[m:Global rename policy]].
Thank you, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 16:49, 3 Maii 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0441 --&gt;

== Username change ==

Hi, could you please change my account's name from [[user:Gleb Borisov]] to [[user:Glossologist]] so that I can merge it with the SUL? [http://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usor:Glossologist/c&amp;oldid=2580980 Here's] the confirmation of identity. --[[Usor:Gleb Borisov|Gleb Borisov]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Gleb Borisov|disputatio]]) 23:31, 17 Iulii 2013 (UTC)

:Done! [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 00:24, 18 Iulii 2013 (UTC)

== Username change ==

Ave ;) Could you be so kind and change my username on Latin Wikipedia from [[User:Stephanus Leo Geranus]] to the name of my main SUL account [[User:Steffen Löwe Gera]]? The confirmation will follow right now. --[[Usor:Stephanus Leo Geranus|Stephanus Leo Geranus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Stephanus Leo Geranus|disputatio]]) 19:26, 10 Augusti 2013 (UTC)

:Hello, I hereby confirm that I support the proposed changes and that both accounts belong to my person. If you have done so, you could change this old &quot;Steffen Löwe Gera&quot; account back to &quot;Stephanus Leo Geranus&quot;, so that both accounts actually swap their names, if this is possible. Thank you for your help! --[[Usor:Steffen Löwe Gera|Steffen Löwe Gera]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Steffen Löwe Gera|disputatio]]) 19:29, 10 Augusti 2013 (UTC)

::Ok, both names are moved! [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 01:27, 11 Augusti 2013 (UTC)

:::Thank you very much! --[[Usor:Steffen Löwe Gera|Steffen Löwe Gera]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Steffen Löwe Gera|disputatio]]) 00:05, 26 Augusti 2013 (UTC)

== De nomine mutando ==

Ave Adam!

Possibile estne nomen mutare —immo Latinizare— meum?
Res ita est: [[Usor:Alessandro Gelsumini|Alessandro Gelsumini]] --&gt; Alexander De Jasminis. 

Vale optime! --[[Usor:Alessandro Gelsumini|Alexander Gelsumis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alessandro Gelsumini|disputatio]]) 21:50, 27 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

:Factum est :) [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 09:00, 28 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

::Gratias permultas, Adam! --[[Usor:Alessandro Gelsumini|Alexander De Jasminis]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alessandro Gelsumini|disputatio]]) 14:00, 28 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

==Jalil Zandi==
Hi dear Adam. I'm active at Wikipedia: Persian, German, English, Simple English and French and I'm learning Latin too. I have a question and a request. Is it possible to translate contemporary concepts in military aviation in Latin? Would you translate the article '''Jalil Zandi''' from ''Wikipedia:Simple English'' to latin language, so that I can use it as a sample? [[Usor:Diako1971|Diako1971]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Diako1971|disputatio]]) 20:59, 15 Novembris 2013 (UTC)

:Hello Diako, I don't know if I can help you, but if you ask on [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]], I'm sure someone will be able to translate it for you. [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 08:00, 17 Novembris 2013 (UTC)

== Mutare nomen meum ==

Ave! Muta nomen meum ex [[Usor:Moscowconection|Moscowconection]] in [[Usor:Moscow Connection|Moscow Connection]], si placet. Verificātio: [[:en:Wikipedia:Changing_username/Simple/Archive149#Moscowconnection → Moscow Connection|1]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Changing_username/Simple&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=582011930 2].&lt;br /&gt;(By the way, I've just accidentally created the target account here on the Latin Wikipedia. It's mine. I hope I can usurp it.) --[[Usor:Moscowconnection|Moscowconnection]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Moscowconnection|disputatio]])

:Done! (I accidentally renamed you &quot;Moscow Connecyion&quot; at first, but everything should be fixed now.) [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 08:31, 19 Novembris 2013 (UTC)

::Gratias! --[[Usor:Moscow Connection|Moscow Connection]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Moscow Connection|disputatio]]) 09:05, 19 Novembris 2013 (UTC)

== Request for username change : Hosiryuhosi -&gt; Rxy ==

Hello. Could you please change my username?
* Current username: [[User:Hosiryuhosi|Hosiryuhosi]]
* Target username: [[User:Rxy|Rxy]]
* Reason: I want to change my current username to short username at WMF wikis globally. Note: Global account &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Rxy|Rxy]]&quot; is my account ([[w:ja:Special:PermaLink/41067254|confirm]]). I'm sorry for request to here. I can't find request page. Thanks. --[[Usor:Hosiryuhosi|Hosiryuhosi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Hosiryuhosi|disputatio]]) 17:01, 8 Martii 2014 (UTC)

:No problem! You have been renamed. [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 01:33, 9 Martii 2014 (UTC)

== Username change ==

Ave Adam Episcope,&lt;br /&gt;
could you change my account's name, please, from Geoffrey Calabria to GC8124. Gratias.--[[Usor:Geoffrey Calabria|G. Calabria]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Geoffrey Calabria|disputatio]]) 09:22, 19 Martii 2014 (UTC)

:Done! [[Usor:Adam Bishop|Adam Episcopus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Bishop|disputatio]]) 10:04, 20 Martii 2014 (UTC)
::Gratias!--[[Usor:GC8124|GC8124]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:GC8124|disputatio]]) 11:27, 20 Martii 2014 (UTC)

==Investiture Controversy==
Hi Adam.  I’m Ed Buckner – [http://philpapers.org/rec/BUCOAO-2 this is me] and I am also the author of ''Time and Existence: Duns Scotus’s Questions on De Interpretatione'', which will appear (after 7 years hard work) in September this year.  I am working on a reply to [http://www.digitalmedievalist.org/journal/9/halsted/ this paper] by Dave Halsted, about the [[w:Investiture Controversy]].  I located the main authors of that article but wanted a bit more of a background to medieval articles on Wikipedia, and I located you as one of the early contributors to that area in Wikipedia.  Would you be able to help me with a few questions?  I believe we have corresponded before, but that was a few years ago.  If you are interested, reply here and I will leave an email address.  You may also be interested in the [https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/The_sum_of_medieval_knowledge presentation] I am submitting to London Wikimania. 

Best wishes [[Usor:Edward Buckner|Edward Buckner]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Edward Buckner|disputatio]]) 16:08, 30 Martii 2014 (UTC).

PS I just remembered that [https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/The_sum_of_medieval_knowledge this page] has an &quot;email this user&quot; facility. [[Usor:Edward Buckner|Edward Buckner]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Edward Buckner|disputatio]]) 16:10, 30 Martii 2014 (UTC)

== An important message about renaming users ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Adam Bishop,
''My aplogies for writing in English. Please translate or have this translated for you if it will help.''
I am cross-posting this message to many places to make sure everyone who is a Wikimedia Foundation project bureaucrat receives a copy. If you are a bureaucrat on more than one wiki, you will receive this message on each wiki where you are a bureaucrat.

As you may have seen, work to perform the Wikimedia cluster-wide [[mw:SUL finalisation|single-user login finalisation]] (SUL finalisation) is taking place. This may potentially effect your work as a local bureaucrat, so please read this message carefully.

Why is this happening? As currently stated at [[m:Global rename policy|the global rename policy]], a global account is a name linked to a single user across all Wikimedia wikis, with local accounts unified into a global collection. Previously, the only way to rename a unified user was to individually rename every local account. This was an extremely difficult and time-consuming task, both for stewards and for the users who had to initiate discussions with local bureaucrats (who perform local renames to date) on every wiki with available bureaucrats. The process took a very long time, since it's difficult to coordinate crosswiki renames among the projects and bureaucrats involved in individual projects. 

The SUL finalisation will be taking place in stages, and one of the first stages will be to turn off Special:RenameUser locally. This needs to be done as soon as possible, on advice and input from Stewards and engineers for the project, so that no more accounts that are unified globally are broken by a local rename to usurp the global account name. Once this is done, the process of global name unification can begin. The date that has been chosen to turn off local renaming and shift over to entirely global renaming is 15 September 2014, or three weeks time from now. In place of local renames is a new tool, hosted on Meta, that allows for global renames on all wikis where the name is not registered will be deployed. 

Your help is greatly needed during this process and going forward in the future if, as a bureaucrat, renaming users is something that you do or have an interest in participating in. The Wikimedia Stewards have set up, and are in charge of, a new community usergroup on Meta in order to share knowledge and work together on renaming accounts globally, called [[m:Global renamers|Global renamers]]. Stewards are in the process of creating documentation to help global renamers to get used to and learn more about global accounts and tools and Meta in general as well as the application format. As transparency is a valuable thing in our movement, the Stewards would like to have at least a brief public application period. If you are an experienced renamer as a local bureaucrat, the process of becoming a part of this group could take as little as 24 hours to complete. You, as a bureaucrat, should be able to apply for the global renamer right on Meta by the [[m:SRGP|requests for global permissions]] page on 1 September, a week from now.

In the meantime please update your local page where users request renames to reflect this move to global renaming, and if there is a rename request and the user has edited more than one wiki with the name, please send them to [[:m:SRUC|the request page for a global rename]].

Stewards greatly appreciate the trust local communities have in you and want to make this transition as easy as possible so that the two groups can start working together to ensure everyone has a unique login identity across Wikimedia projects. Completing this project will allow for long-desired universal tools like a global watchlist, global notifications and many, many more features to make work easier.

If you have any questions, comments or concerns about the SUL finalisation, read over the [[m:SUL|Help:Unified login]] page on Meta and leave a note on the talk page there, or on the talk page for [[m:Talk:Global renamers|global renamers]]. You can also contact me on [[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|my talk page on meta]] if you would like. I'm working as a bridge between Wikimedia Foundation Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Stewards, and you to assure that SUL finalisation goes as smoothly as possible; this is a community-driven process and I encourage you to work with the Stewards for our communities.

Thank you for your time.
-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]] 18:24, 25 Augusti 2014 (UTC)

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{{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:34, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC)

== Your feedback is needed - Improving the Content Translation tool ==

Hello Friend,

Apologies as this message is not in your native language.

The WMF language team is reaching out to you based on your position as an '''admin''' in the Latin Wikipedia. In particular, we want to learn about your experience, the issues you encounter with [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidebots=1&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;hideWikibase=1&amp;hidelog=1&amp;tagfilter=contenttranslation&amp;limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;urlversion=2 articles created with Content translation]. 

We appreciate the great work you are doing in Latin Wikipedia to ensure standard and quality articles are not compromised. However, it is a big task to encounter content that is not standard daily, and a difficult decision to delete them because they fall below standard. 

'''Our observations'''

We noticed that articles created with the Content Translation tool in your wiki are deleted more frequently than in other Wikipedias. We say this because, from our statistics, 5360 articles were added to Latin Wikipedia in 2020. Out of the above figure, only 68 of them were translated using the Content Translation tool. 17 of the articles added with Content translation were deleted. Therefore, the tool's low usage and the deletion rate signals a problem or deficiencies peculiar to your Wikipedia. The Content Translation tool can increase content creation in your Wikipedia and is an excellent way to efficiently introduce newcomers to adding content and expand on existing ones. 

'''Our request'''

So, we want you to participate in a survey. The survey will give us insight into how we can improve the tool to get quality articles and reduce the number of deletion, hence making your work easier. 

Please follow this link to the Survey:

[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSerq6hRwdB6jCK_CYVqRp_P07zpAqtMDtyDFJ14SwnCHJ89qA/viewform?usp=sf_link '''Take the Survey''']&lt;br&gt;
To know how the information collected from the survey will be used, please [[foundation:Content_Translation_Feedback_for_Wikipedia_Admins_Privacy_Statement|read the Privacy Statement]].

If you are not comfortable with taking the survey, that is fine. You can still provide us with feedback in this thread or via [mailto:uozurumba@wikimedia.org email] on the following questions:

* What makes the articles created with content translation fall below standard in your Wikipedia?
* What are the common mistakes that editors that use content translation make? 
* How do you think we can improve the  Content Translation tool that will help you with your work or make your task easier and reduce deletion of articles in Latin Wikipedia?

So please, feel free to give us feedback in any way that is most convenient for you.

Thank you so much, as we look forward to your response

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 11:38, 21 Iunii 2021 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF language team.
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== '''Reminder''': Your feedback is needed - Improving the Content Translation tool ==

Hello Friend! 

The WMF Language team earlier reached out to you to participate in a survey to give us insight into improving the [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation tool]] to make your work as an '''admin''' easier. Towards improving the quality of content in your Wikipedia and avoiding the case of content deletion.

Again, we are reaching out to you as a reminder to &lt;u&gt;[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSerq6hRwdB6jCK_CYVqRp_P07zpAqtMDtyDFJ14SwnCHJ89qA/viewform?usp=sf_link '''Take the Survey''']&lt;/u&gt; as the '''survey will close on 9th July 2021 (23:59 UTC)'''. The survey will only take you between 10 to 15 minutes. Please [[foundation:Content_Translation_Feedback_for_Wikipedia_Admins_Privacy_Statement|read the Privacy Statement]] to know how the information collected from the survey will be used.

If you already took the survey- thank you! '''You don't need to retake it'''. 

Thank you, as we look forward to your response.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] 19:17, 6 Iulii 2021 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
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== How we will see unregistered users ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=content/&gt;
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]].

We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. 
/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;section end=content/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:17, 4 Ianuarii 2022 (UTC)
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== Inactivity policy ==
Hi, Adam. I hope you're OK.

In accord with general Wikimedia security, we have to suspend admin rights for magistratus who have been inactive for a certain period: we have defined this period as 12 months. If you want to retain your admin rights without interruption, the simplest thing to do is to make an edit on Vicipaedia within one month from now (before 20 January 2023). If you don't do this, your admin tools will be suspended on that date. 

You are always welcome to Vicipaedia, now and later. Your account remains active, and if after 20 January you want to take up your magistracy again, there's no formality: just ask (on my talk page for example) and your tools will be restored.

Have a happy holiday period and a good New Year! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:31, 20 Decembris 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>b45v3b7e6jpg840xm29mhqobm5eiu3p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996105</id>
      <parentid>3995980</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:47:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mense Octobri */</comment>
      <origin>3996105</origin>
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      <text bytes="14413" sha1="m5vmo3fkr8a60cqqntaxg4jh0aa1kqo" xml:space="preserve">{{Eventus currens}}
{{Decennium|203|MMXXVI}}

== Eventa ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* 1 Ianuarii: [[Bulgaria]] [[euro]]nem [[moneta]]m induxit.
* 3 Ianuarii: [[Nicolaus Maduro]] [[Venetiola]]e praeses a [[miles|militibus]] [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] raptus est; [[Caracae]] multis ictibus affliguntur.
* 6 Ianuarii: [[Leo XIV|Leo papa XIV]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025]] claudit.
* 7 Ianuarii: Necatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Renatae Good||en|qid=Q137723290}} inter Operationem &quot;Metro Surge&quot; ad protestationes [[Minneapolis]] excitat.
* 15 Ianuarii: [[Vicipaedia]], anno 2001 a [[Iacobus Wales|Iacobo Wales]] et [[Laurentius Sanger|Laurentio Sanger]] condita, annum vicesimum quintum celebrat.
* 22 Ianuarii: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitarii]] se recedunt.
* 28 Ianuarii: [[Sarah Mullally]] prima femina fit quae [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicanae]] praeest.
* 30 Ianuarii: Tria miliones paginarum ad acta [[Galfridus Epstein|Epstein]] pertinentium publicantur, multae personae publicae clarissimae toto orbe terrarum commemorantur.
=== Mense Februario ===
* 2–6 Februarii: [[Curdistania Syriaca|Curdistaniam Syriacam]] [[Ahmedus Husainus al-Shara|rectio Damasci nova]] sibi adiungit.
* 6 Februarii: [[Olympia hiemalia 2026|Olympia hiemalia]] in [[Italia]] simul [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]], [[Pralatium|Pralatii]], [[Livignum|Livigni]] et [[Resinae|Ante Silvam]] patefiunt.
* 21 Februarii: Bellum inter [[Afghania]] et [[Pakistania]] erumpit.
* 28 Februarii: Civitas [[Israël]] et [[Civitates Foederatae]] impetum in [[Irania]]m faciunt, impetum praeemptivum appellantes.
=== Mense Martio ===
* 1 Martii: Irania [[Fretum Ormusense]] commeatui maritimo claudit.
* 8 Martii: [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Mojtaba Husainus Khamenei]], [[Ali Khamenei|Alii]] necati filius, magnus dux [[Irania]]e eligitur.
* 31 Martii: In [[Mongolia]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Uchral Nyam-Osor||en|qid=Q110962738}}, post abdicationem Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, primus minister iurat.
=== Mense Aprili ===
* 6 Aprilis: [[Programma Artemis|Artemis II]] cum quattuor astronautis Lunam circumvolat  et 11 Aprilis feliciter in Tellurem revertitur.
* 9 Aprilis: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatae]] et [[Irania]] indutiis pactionem faciunt, colloquiisque ut discrimen inter se componant.
* 26 Aprilis: [[Sebastianus Sawe]] Londinii primus homo [[Cursus Marathonius|cursum Marathonium]] minore tempore quam duabus horis perficit.
=== Mense Maio ===
* 3 Maii: Epidemia [[hantaviridae|hantavirus]] [[Andes|Andini]] ad [[quadragena]]m [[navis]] vectoriae ''Hondius'' ducit, tres mortui.
* 16 Maii: Epidemia [[ebolavirus]] Bundibugyoensis in [[Res publica democratica Congensis|Re publica democratica Congolensi]] declaratur. Contra hunc typum neque cura neque vaccinatio nota est.
* 23 Maii: Protestationes in [[Albania]], quae &quot;Revolutio Phoenicopterorum&quot; appellantur.
* 25 Maii: ''[[Magnifica humanitas]]'', epistola encyclica [[Leo XIV|Leonis XIV]] prima, editur.
=== Mense Iunio ===
* 12 Iunii: [[Elon Musk]] primus fit, qui {{num|1000000000000}} [[dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum|dollariorum Americanorum]] accumulaverit.
* 22 Iunii: [[Keir Starmer]] se ab officio primi ministri [[Britanniarum regnum|Britanniarum regni]] abdicaturum nuntiat.
* 24 Iunii: [[Terrae motus]] maior magnitudinis 7.5 in Venetiola complura milia hominum necat multaque aedificia concidit.
=== Mense Iulio ===
* 1 Iulii: [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X]] [[Esquinia]]e quattuor [[episcopus|episcopos]] novos sine mandato [[papa]]li consecrat. [[Leo XIV]] papa totam societatem [[excommunicatio|excommunicat]].
* 3 Iulii: [[Keiko Fujimori]] prima muliebris praeses civitatis [[Peruvia|Peruviae]] eligitur.
* 19 Iulii: [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Hispanica]] vincit [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|certamen mundanum pediludii]]. [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Argentina|Argentina]] secunda et [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Anglica|Anglia]] tertia sunt.
* 20 Iulii: [[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolus III]] rex [[Andreas Burnham|Andream Burnham]] primum ministrum [[Britanniarum regnum|Britanniarum regni]] constituit.
* 26 Iulii: [[Thaddaeus Pogačar]], birotarius [[Slovenia|Slovenicus]], quintum [[Circuitus Franciae|Circuitum Franciae]] vincit.
* 28 Iulii: [[Terrae motus Kumamoto anni 2026|Terrae motus Kumamoto]] accidit.
* 30 Iulii: Octoginta milia [[migratio|migrantium]] [[Septa]]m e [[Marocum|Maroco]] intrant, 111 moriuntur, plerique remittuntur.
=== Mense Augusto ===
* 2 Augusti: [[Arabia Saudiana]], [[Pakistania]] et [[Turcia]] [[Mecca]]e pactum defensionis subscribunt.
* 12 Augusti: [[Defectio solis]] [[Siberia]]e et [[Hiberia]]e.
* 20 Augusti: [[Rojava]] [[Syria]]e plene integra est, iam non amplius [[autonomia]] praedita.
* 26 Augusti: [[Inundatio]] mortifera [[Nepalia]]m et [[Tibetum]] affligit.
* 28 Augusti: [[Hacon VIII]], patre [[Haraldus V (rex Norvegiae)|Haraldo V]] mortuo, rex [[Norvegia]]e fit.
=== Mense Septembri ===
* 6 Septembris: [[Alternativa pro Germania]] pluralitatem suffragiorum in [[Saxonia et Anhaltium|Saxonia et Anhaltio]] conciliat.
* 16 Septembris: [[Ursula de Leyen]] [[Canada]]m ut socia consociata [[Unionis Europaeae]] invitat.
* 17 Septembris: [[Leopardus tilcayo]], nova species [[felidae|felina]], reperta est; prima species felina post plus quam saeculum inventa.
* 23 Septembris: Bellum in [[Aethiopia]] erumpit.
* 29 Septembris: [[Mahometus VI (rex Marocensis)|Mahometus VI]] rex [[Fatima Ezzahra al-Mansouri|Fatimam Ezzahram al-Mansouri]] primam mulierem primam ministram [[Marocum|Maroci]] constituit, comitiis habitis.
=== Mense Octobri ===
* 6 Octobris: [[Huthi]] [[aeroportus]] in [[Arabia Saudita]] oppugnant.
* 9 Octobris: [[Navanethem Pillay]] [[praemium Nobelianum pacis|praemium Nobelianum pacis]] accipit.
* 17 Octobris: Domus municipium [[Augustoritum|Augustoriti Lemovici]] inter tumultus ardet.

== Nati ==
{{Nati desiderati}}

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[8 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovicus E. Brus]], chimicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1943]].
* [[10 Ianuarii]]: [[Ericus de Däniken]], scriptor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; natus est anno [[1935]].
* [[13 Ianuarii]]: [[Georgius Basiliu]], politicus [[Cyprus|Cypri]]; natus est anno [[1931]].
* [[16 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovica Diogo]], politica [[Mozambicum|Mozambicana]]; nata est anno [[1958]].
* [[24 Ianuarii]]
** [[David Abulafia]], historicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1949]].
** [[Gulielmus Foege]], [[medicus]] et [[epidemiologia|epidemiologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1936]].
* [[25 Ianuarii]]: [[Yi Haechan]], politicus [[Res publica Coreana|Rei publicae Coreanae]]; natus est anno [[1952]].
* [[26 Ianuarii]]: [[Sia Figiel]], poeta, scriptrix, et pictrix [[Samoa]]na; nata est anno [[1967]].
=== Mense Februario ===
* [[1 Februarii]]: [[Rita Süssmuth]], politica [[Germania|Germanica]]; nata est anno [[1937]].
* [[2 Februarii]]: [[Athanasius Carolus Renoux]], monachus Benedictinus et orientalista Francicus; natus est anno [[1925]].
* [[11 Februarii]]: [[Iacobus van der Beek]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1977]].
* [[15 Februarii]]: [[Robertus Duvall]], actor et moderator cinematographicus Americanus; natus est anno [[1931]].
* [[19 Februarii]]: [[Polycarpus Pengo]], archiepiscopus [[Tanzania|Tanzanicus]]; natus est anno [[1944]].
* [[28 Februarii]]: [[Ali Khamenei]], magnus dux [[Irania]]e, ab [[Israel]]e occiditur; natus est anno [[1939]].

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[1 Martii]]: [[David Oddi filius]], politicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno [[1948]].
* [[5 Martii]]: [[Antonius Lobo Antunes]], scriptor et psychologus [[Portugallia|Lusitanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]].
* [[8 Martii]]: [[Antonius Iacobus Leggett]], physicus [[Regnum Britanniarum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1936]].
* [[12 Martii]]: [[Ioachimus Wanke]], episcopus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1941]].
* [[14 Martii]]: 
**[[Georgius Habermas]], philosophus continentalis et sociologus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1929]].
**[[Christophorus A. Sims]], oeconomiae peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]].
* [[17 Martii]]: [[Ilia II]], patriarcha Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Georgianae [[Russia|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1933]]. 
* [[19 Martii]]:
** [[Humbertus Bossi]], politicus [[Italia|Italianus]]; natus est anno 1941.
** [[Carolus Norris]], artifex martialis [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1940]].
* [[22 Martii]]: [[Leonillus Jospin]], politicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1937]].
=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[6 Aprilis]]: [[Christianus Schwarz-Schilling]], politicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1930]].
* [[7 Aprilis]]: [[Iacobus Whittaker]], alpinista [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1929]].
* [[8 Aprilis]]: [[Carolus Delhez]], presbyter et sociologicus [[Belgica|Belgicus]]; natus est anno [[1951]].
* [[9 Aprilis]]: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Björgvin Halldórsson||en|qid=Q879495}}, musicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno 1951.
* [[19 Aprilis]]: [[Desmond Morris|Desmondus Morris]], zoologus ethologusque Anglicus; natus est anno [[1928]].
* [[24 Aprilis]]: [[Sophia Zdybicka]], philosopha et monacha [[Polonia|Polonica]]; nata est anno 1928.
=== Mense Maio ===
* [[6 Maii]]: [[Theodorus Turner]], vir negotii et philanthropus Americanus; natus est anno 1938.
* [[8 Maii]]: [[Festus Mogae]], politicus [[Botsuana|Botsuanicus]]; natus est anno 1939.
* [[25 Maii]]: [[Sonny Rollins]], saxophonista iazensis Americanus; natus est anno 1930.
* [[29 Maii]]: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bryan Bergougnoux||en|qid=Q936402}}, lusor harpastum Gallicus; nata est anno [[1983]].
=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[6 Iunii]]: [[Osorius Citora Afonso]], episcopus necatus [[Mozambicum|Mozambicanus]]; natus est anno [[1972]].
* [[14 Iunii]]: [[Oliverius Tree]], cantor histrioque [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1993]].
* [[16 Iunii]]: [[Camillus Ruini]], cardinalis [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1931]].
* [[21 Iunii]]: [[Franciscus Guterres]], politicus [[Timora Orientalis|Timoracus]]; natus est anno [[1954]].
* [[22 Iunii]]: [[Alanus Greenspan]], pristinus praeses [[Systema aerarium foederale|systematis aerarii foederalis Americae]]; natus est anno [[1926]].
=== Mense Iulio ===
* [[8 Iulii]]: [[Anna Widdecombe]], politica Britannica; nata est anno [[1947]].
* [[11 Iulii]]:
** [[Lindsey Graham]], politicus Americanus; natus est anno [[1955]].
** [[Susumu Tonegawa]], biologus Iaponicus; natus est anno 1939.
* [[14 Iulii]]: [[Ioannes Michael Maitzen]], astronomus [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1943]].
* [[29 Iulii]]: [[Harrius Mitchell]], politicus Americanus; natus est anno [[1940]].
* [[31 Iulii]]:
** [[Francus Baresi]] pedilusor Italicus; natus est anno [[1960]].
** [[Antonius Mazzi]], presbyter Italicus; natus est anno 1929.

=== Mense Augusto ===
* [[2 Augusti]]: [[Kay Granger]], politica Americana; nata est anno 1943.
* [[3 Augusti]]: [[Iulius Duarte Langa]], cardinalis [[Mozambicum|Mozambicanus]]; natus est anno [[1927]].
* [[6 Augusti]]: [[Franciscus Guccini]], cantor Italicus; natus est anno 1940.
* [[7 Augusti]]: [[Luciana Stassaert]] poetria pictrixque Belgica; nata est anno 1936.
* [[15 Augusti]]: [[Alexander Danilin]], [[psychiater]] [[Russia|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1960]].
* [[16 Augusti]]: [[Hayden Panettiere]], actrix Americana; nata est anno [[1989]].
* [[17 Augusti]]: [[Stanislaus Lalanne]], episcopus Francicus; natus est anno 1948.
* [[24 Augusti]]: [[Hideki Shirakawa]], chemicus Iaponicus; natus est anno 1936.
* [[25 Augusti]]:
** [[Timotheus Curry]], actor Anglicus; natus est anno [[1946]].
** [[Dolly Parton]], cantrix Americana; nata est anno 1946.
* [[27 Augusti]]: [[Ratko Mladić]], scelestus bellicus Serbicus; natus est anno 1942.
* [[28 Augusti]]: [[Haraldus V (rex Norvegiae)|Haraldus V]], rex [[Norvegia]]e; natus est anno [[1937]].
* [[31 Augusti]]:
** [[Eduardus Balladur]], polticus Francicus; natus est anno 1929.
** [[Ada Yonath]], [[chemica]] Israeliana; nata est anno 1939.
=== Mense Septembri ===
* [[1 Septembris]]: [[Aentius Bianchi]] theologus Italicus; natus est anno 1943.
* [[2 Septembris]]: [[Gloria Steinem]], diurnalista Americana; nata est anno [[1934]].
* [[4 Septembris]]: [[Galfridus Sutton]], philologus Britannicus; natus est anno 1947.
* [[11 Septembris]]
** [[Astrida (principissa Norvegica)|Astrida]], principissa Norvegica; nata est anno [[1932]].
** [[Emma Bonino]], politica Italica; nata est anno 1948.
* [[14 Septembris]]: [[Petrus Maximilianus]], artifex Germano-Americanus; natus est anno 1937.
* [[16 Septembris]]: [[Dolores Sibonga]], politica Americana; nata est anno [[1931]].
* [[17 Septembris]]: [[Ioannes Llewellyn Kyl]], politicus Americanus; natus est anno 1942.
* [[23 Septembris]]
** [[Mauritius de Germiny]], episcopus Francicus; natus est anno 1939.
** [[Gregorius Pitkäranta]] auctor neolatinus [[Finnia|Finnicus]]; natus est anno 1945.
=== Mense Octobri ===
* [[5 Octobris]]: [[Thaddaeus Ladislaus Lutak]], miles Polonicus; natus est anno [[1917]].
* [[7 Octobris]]: [[Barbara Spinelli]], politica Italica; nata est anno 1946.
* [[9 Octobris]]: [[Michael Ditka]], [[harpastum Americanum|pedilusor Americanus]]; natus est anno 1939.
* [[13 Octobris]]: [[Albertus Houssiau]], theologus et episcopus Belgicus; natus est anno [[1924]].
* [[21 Octobris]]: [[David Mouradian]], scriptor Armenicus; natus est 1951.

== Cultura popularis ==
=== Musica ===
* [[Gratia Abrams]] - ''Daughter from Hell''
* [[Zacharias Bryan]] - ''With Heaven on Top''
* [[Ariana Grande]] - ''Petal''
* [[BTS]] - ''Arirang''
* [[Noë Kahan]] - ''The Great Divide''
* [[Ella Langley]] - ''Dandelion''
* [[Bruno Mars]] - ''The Romantic''
* [[Olivia Rodrigo]] - ''You Seem Pretty Sad for a Girl So in Love''
* [[Henricus Styles]] - ''Kiss All the Time. Disco, Occasionally''

=== Pelliculae ===
* [[28 Martii]]: ''[[The Super Mario Galaxy Movie]]'' (CFA)
* [[10 Aprilis]]: ''[[Michael (2026 pellicula)|Michael]]'' (CFA)
* [[9 Iunii]]: ''[[Toy Story 5]]'' (CFA)
* [[6 Iulii]]: ''[[The Odyssey (2026 pellicula)|The Odyssey]]'' (CFA &amp; Britannia)
* [[27 Iulii]]: ''[[Spider-Man: Brand New Day]] (CFA)
* [[15 Septembris]]: ''[[Resident Evil (2026 pellicula)|Resident Evil]]'' (CFA &amp; Germania)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Disputatio Usoris:CalRis25/Temp 2</title>
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      <id>3996180</id>
      <parentid>583984</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Vetus synonymum “Disputatio Wikipedia:” in formam recentiorem redegi</comment>
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      <text bytes="5450" sha1="9jgdjgr98ftwncss5ryvv99vhr4jqhp" xml:space="preserve">Salve, CalRis et tibi gratiam ago per pagina de numelis. As for the location, it doesn't matter to me, but perhaps it would be better to move it as a proper place after the discussion will have done, if we find such.

::For a more memorable temporary location: [[Annus/1, 2, ...]] [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 02:23 ian 19, 2005 (UTC)

I agree with both of you: the articles on years and ones on the number should be separated. I propose here some ways: both are sketchy though, and on number now I am for none of them in particular.

For number
*number - arabic number &lt;nowiki&gt;[[1 (number)]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*latin word in musculin e nominative, and spelled, like [[unus]]
*roman number like [[I]]

For year
*in arabic number like [[2004]] - but how will we do for the year before Christ in latin? I have no idea.
*roman number like &lt;nowiki&gt;[[CCIV]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, I am however against this idea by myself.

Your comment will be appliciated. [[Usor:KIZU|KIZU]] 16:39 iun 30, 2004 (UTC)
----
[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 10:34 iul 2, 2004 (UTC): Hello, KIZU.
*Numbers:
**Latin word: I believe that we should do without it.
**Roman number: I don't think that these are necessary either because there is a good article about that subject (see [[Numerus]]).
**(Arabic) number: to me, that's the way to do it, e.g. [[1 (numerus)]].
*Years:
**Roman numbers: see above (numbers).
**(Arabic) numbers: this is currently being discussed on [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De orthographia/en|this page]]. Please do take part in that discussion.
----
:Ave CalRis25, thank you for your comments and suggstion.
:As for numbers, I agree with you. I saw the article [[Numeris]]. It is quite good and now I have no reason to put each article for Roman numbers. [[1 (numeris)]] begins like &quot;1 numerus est, quus unus, una, unum signifat.&quot; blah blah. It's OK IMO.
:As for years articles in Arabic numbers I prefer. But we have another problem  on years which calender we use mainly. About years, it seems better to discuss the note you showed in the above. [[Usor:KIZU|KIZU]] 13:13 iul 13, 2004 (UTC)
----
[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 07:32 iul 14, 2004 (UTC): Hello, KIZU. I'm not entirely sure what you mean with [[1 (numeris)]]. In my opinion number-articles should be names like [[1 (numerus)]], [[7 (numerus)]] etc. I'm not entirely sure about [[Numeris]] either, it should probably be removed. There is [[Numerus]] after all, which seems better to me.
Have a look at the [[en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Numbers|Number-Project page]] of en.Wikipedia for more about standardising the number pages.

== Decades ==
The template on [[Usor:CalRis25/Temp 2]] has no links to decades. But several &quot;year&quot; pages have a line of decade links in them, as other languages do. Some have dead links to abbreviations for decades, whereas the most recent years have live links to unabbreviated decade pages.

Please point me in the direction of serious discussions of whether we have decade pages and how they should be headed. (I prefer the full word.)  [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 06:08 sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

----

[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 13:07 nov 18, 2004 (UTC): Hi Robin, your template seems good to me. Personally, I'm against articles about decades, however (and I'm not sure about milleniums either). Do you really believe that we will ever fill those with content? I do not. I added sections for events, birth, death dates as those seem to compose most of the content of year-articles in the English version, e.g. [en:1999]]. The year list should only comprise 3 years before and after because we need the extra space for years ''a.C.n.''. 

Perhaps someone with a greater knowledge of Latin could tell which is better: &quot;Eventa&quot; or &quot;Res magni momenti&quot;, &quot;Duces mundi&quot; or &quot;Principes mundi&quot;. Are &quot;Mortes&quot; and &quot;Natales&quot; correct? 
::Vide &quot;[[2004]]&quot; et &quot;[[Disputatio:2004]]&quot;  [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 02:23 ian 19, 2005 (UTC)

Anyway, once we've decided on a template, it should be stored in a page of its own (any idea regarding its name?) and we create links to it from the Auxilium-pages. Once a template is ready, we shouldn't create lots of empty articles which are pretty annoying when using the ''pagina fortuita''-feature and also prevent determining quickly what is still lacking. A page shouldn't be created before it is also filled with content. Instead we should now concentrate on filling all those empty articles with ''something''. I've started with the date-articles (e.g. [[1 Ianuarii]]), but I can't do it all on my own.

I wouldn't link to [[Calendarium Gregorianum]] but instead to [[Calendarium]] which would have to be rewritten in its entirety to include general informations about calendars plus links to [[Calendarium Gregorianum]], [[Calendarium Romanum]] etc.

&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[millennium 1]] | '''[[millennium 2]]''' | [[millennium 3]]&lt;br&gt;
[[saeculum 19]] | '''[[saeculum 20]]''' | [[saeculum 21]]&lt;br&gt;
[[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | '''2000''' | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]]&lt;br&gt;
'''[[MM]]''' &lt;br&gt; '''duo milia'''
&lt;/div&gt;
----

==Eventa==
*Eventum unum

==Natales==
*Natalis dies unum

==Mortes==
*Dies mortis unum

==Principes mundi==
*Princeps unum


''Vide etiam: '' [[Calendarium]]
----

::For a more memorable temporary location: [[Annus/1, 2, ...]]  [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 02:23 ian 19, 2005 (UTC)

[[:Category:saeculum 20]] &lt;!-- yes, the cat line can be moved down at next edit if we have events there --&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Vetus synonymum “Disputatio Wikipedia:” in formam recentiorem redegi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2378" sha1="f6xeazl9eca0vznn437p5hhb1q5044s" xml:space="preserve">[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 09:33 iul 20, 2004 (UTC): Hello! We're trying right now to come up with an ''official'' way of giving dates, years etc. Would you please join this discussion? Have a look at [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)]] and especially at its [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)|''disputatio''-page]]. By the way, I've just started a [[Wikipedia:Infobox|page]] with templates for infoboxes. Have a look at it, too.  Bye, CalRis.

== Your account will be renamed ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|the announcement]] for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Constantinus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Constantinus~lawiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can [[Special:GlobalRenameRequest|pick out a different name]].

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours,&lt;br /&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan Peterzell]]&lt;br /&gt;Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;/div&gt; 03:12, 18 Martii 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- SUL finalisation notification --&gt;

== Nomen novum tributum est ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;la&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Si hoc novum nomen tuum est, potes [[{{#special:userlogin}}|pristino nomine uti]] ut certior melius fias. Si novum nomen tibi non placet, potes tuum deligere. Utere hoc situ: [[{{#special:GlobalRenameRequest}}]]. -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 09:23, 19 Aprilis 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- SUL post-rename notification --&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Vetus synonymum “Disputatio Wikipedia:” in formam recentiorem redegi</comment>
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      <text bytes="4990" sha1="cl3iyrdr7afosc1envtnn0tu3rpesof" xml:space="preserve">==Numeri (continuatio ex disputato paginae primae)==

[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 11:38 iul 26, 2004 (UTC): Hello Faustus, this subject (pro/contra Roman dates etc.) has been discussed to some degree in the [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De orthographia/en|&quot;disputatio&quot;-page]] of ''Auxilium pro Editione (anglice)''. Have a look at it. Roman numbers and dates given Roman-style are ''very'' unwieldy, e.g.
*MDCXLVIII equals 1648 (and this is not even the worst!)
*a. d. XVII Kal. Oct. = September 15
''Big'' numbers cannot even be represented in la.Wikipedia because the ancient Romans used a reversed C (cp. [[en:Roman numeral]]) which isn't available here. There were other numerals, too, which can't be represented here. One could of course use Roman numerals for small numbers and Arabic numerals for large ones, but that seems somewhat inconsistent to me.
&lt;br&gt;
You may be right that every language does include, to a certain degree, of its culture, but if we ''really'' tried to reflect Roman culture, things would look very different, e.g.
:&quot;GALLIA EST OMNIS DIVISA IN PARTES TRES, QUARUM UNAM INCOLUNT BELGAE, ALIAM AQUITANI, TERTIAM QUI IPSORUM LINGUA CELTAE, NOSTRA GALLI APPELLANTUR. HI OMNES LINGUA, INSTITUTIS, LEGIBUS INTER SE DIFFERUNT.&quot; (only capitals, as far as I know the Romans didn't have small letters. Just imagine how a whole article like this would look like!).
What about dates (something that is being discussed right now)? The &quot;anno domini&quot; wasn't invented before the sixth century. Before that there wasn't really a consistent system (''a.u.c.'' wasn't really all that widely used by the population). 
&lt;br&gt;
To me the Latin &quot;culture&quot; is represented by the language itself and above all the content, not by some ''frills''. I do admit that in some cases they might look good or even be appropriate, but we should never forget that this is a Neo-Latin encyclopedia, created by men/women of the 21st century. Also, Latin is difficult enough as it is, we shouldn't make matters worse.
&lt;br&gt;
You're not the first one to object (and certainly not the last). I guess that this a fundamental difference of opinion. It seems that the pro-Arabic ''faction'' is ''winning'' right now. I hope that that won't be the source of major unrest and FLAME-wars. A decision ''has'' to be made, either in favour a purely Roman Wikipedia (a very, very, very difficult thing, and in my humble opinion also something that takes away far too much freedom from the user) or in favour of something less Roman, but freer and ''more universally Latin''. Otherwise chaos is the result. Wikipedia is somewhat ''anarchic'', but there should be a minimum of common ''style''. Bye, CalRis.

:Verba tua intellecta sunt. Super iste res super C reversa, nunc etiam in Unicodice habent totae symbolae numerorum romanorum. Sed vere, numeri largi erint. Vale--[[Usor:Faustus|Faustus]] 16:59 iul 26, 2004 (UTC)

==Genus verbi &quot;nominis&quot;==
Salve Fauste,
scripsisti in pagina usoris tuo &quot;Nomen meus Faustus est&quot;. Sed verbum nominis genere neutro est (ergo &quot;nomen meum&quot;). Ac latina lingua dicitur &quot;nomen meum Fausti (Genitivus !) est&quot; (vel &quot;nomen mihi Fausti est&quot;). Vale--[[Usor:84.160.246.146|84.160.246.146]] 13:59 mai 30, 2005 (UTC)
:Gratias ago! Paginam meam scripsi nesciens regula linguae Latinae. Nunc redisco linguam, ergo faciam pauciora erratorum..--[[Usor:Faustus|Faustus]] 14:38 mai 31, 2005 (UTC)
::&quot;Think like the German Emperor Sigismund : &quot;Ego sum rex Romanorum et supra grammaticam&quot; - and no grammar error will be a problem !&quot;--[[Usor:84.160.232.67|84.160.232.67]] 13:57 iun 13, 2005 (UTC)
::Immo, &quot;nomen mihi&quot; multo melius est quam &quot;nomen meum&quot; sed nomen non DEBET esse casu genetivo: vel nominativo, vel genitivo vel etiam (nisi fallor) nonnumquam dativo! --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:21 iun 13, 2005 (UTC)
:&quot;Nomen mihi&quot;, melius quam &quot;nomen meum&quot;? Credebam Romanos praeferre &quot;meus&quot; in loco genitivi &quot;mihi&quot;. Ignoro autem quare debeo (etiam, quare ''possum'') nominem &quot;Faustus&quot; mittere in casu genitivo. Quare enim id possum in dativo scribere?--[[Usor:Faustus|Faustus]] 23:27 iun 24, 2005 (UTC)
::&quot;mihi&quot; est casu dativo. Usus, nisi fallor, est ita: &quot;nomen mihi/tibi/ei&quot; quando de hominibus disputatur. Quod attinet ad res, saepius genitivum(?). E.g. &quot;Nomen viri illi est Cicero&quot;, sed &quot;Nomen urbis illius est Roma.&quot; Ergo &quot;Nomen mihi Faustus est.&quot; --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 00:00 iun 25, 2005 (UTC)
Quare mihi (quid est dativo possessionis, NON genitivo!), ac non meum? Mos simpliciter. Potes &quot;uxor est mihi,&quot; &quot;uxor est mea,&quot; vel &quot;uxorem habeo&quot; dicere. Si praeferris, potes putare implicatum verbum abesse: &quot;Nomen [datum] mihi est ....&quot;

Autem, genitivus pronominum personalium possessionem NON indicat, utilis praecipue constructionibus partitivis aut objectivis. Ergo, unus adiectivis &quot;meus&quot; et al. utitur ut possessionem indicet.

Doctus eram ut usus sim nominativo, non genitivo, cum nominibus. &quot;Nomen mihi est Stephanus,&quot; non &quot;Stephani.&quot; Forsan unus potest dicere genitivum esse partitivum.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Impetus 11 Septembris</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Halipleumon</username>
        <id>200654</id>
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      <comment>mutavi nomen Turrium Geminarum ut par illum paginae suae sit</comment>
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      <text bytes="1569" sha1="d2vwovry5mh21v8ywzx8q6nwqxckfa2" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:National Park Service 9-11 Statue of Liberty and WTC fire.jpg|thumb|Turres Geminae post aggressionem tromocraticam flagrantes.]]
[[Fasciculus:North face south tower after plane strike 9-11.jpg|thumb|Idem.]]
Die '''[[11 Septembris]] [[2001]]''' [[Tromocratia|tromocratae]] [[Religio Islamica|Islamici]] [[19 (numerus)|undeviginti]] (quorum quindecim in [[Arabia Saudiana]] nati) quattuor [[aeroplanum|aeroplana]] rapuerunt Di Al-Qaeda. Aeroplana duo ita [[navigatio|navigaverunt]], ut se impellerent in [[World Trade Center (Novum Eboracum)|Emporium Mundanum]] [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Urbis Novi Eboraci]], quod etiam [[Turres Geminae]] vocatum est. Turribus impulsis atque corrutis, circa tria milia hominum periverunt.

Tertium [[aeroplanum]] in [[Pentagonum]], Ministerium Defensionis [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], impulsum est. Quartum aeroplanum raptum cecidit in [[Pennsilvania]], non destinato pervento. 

{{NexInt}}
* [[11 Septembris]]
* [[Al-Qāʿida]]
* [[Islamophobia]]
* [[Taliban]]
* [[Theoria conspirationis]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.911memorial.org/ National September 11 Memorial &amp; Museum] (Monumentum et museum nationale 11 Septembris)
* [http://www.9-11commission.gov/ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States] (Mandatum nationale de impetibus tromocraticis in Civitates Foederatas factis)

{{hist-stipula}}

[[Categoria:2001]]
[[Categoria:Gesta tromocratica]]
[[Categoria:Impetus 11 Septembris| ]]
[[Categoria:Urbs Novum Eboracum]]

{{Myrias|Historia}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3128" sha1="gv076vrub0hkuymjdqqzlvo3hjxjdi8" xml:space="preserve">== Standardisation ==
For standardisation, this article should refer only to the year 10 A.D. (with link - like the &quot;decem&quot; that it already has - to any other sorts of &quot;10&quot;).  Currently that's not clear. Format for [[2000]] could perhaps be adapted, once we find a consensus on how to describe B.C. decades and centuries etc. Other small numbers need the same clarification. [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 09:50 nov 18, 2004 (UTC)

----

[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 13:14 nov 18, 2004 (UTC): We've had that before. The ''canonical'' way concerning names of articles about years is given in the [[Wikipedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]] article. Of course, this is not the one hundred per-cent dead-sure, ideal, sacrosanct and perfect and correct way, but a decision had to be made. So please don't renew the discussion on how to ''properly'' indicate years. 

As far as the distinction between number-articles and year articles are concerned, see the uppermost bit of [[Disputatio Usoris:CalRis25/Temp 2]].
:Most of us who care about such things (including [[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]], I think) seem to have moved past &quot;the uppermost bit of [[Disputatio Usoris:CalRis25/Temp 2]]&quot; now - see [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:De orthographia/en]] - unless the &quot;latine&quot; (which I have not examined in detail) has changed it again but without anyone making the &quot;anglice&quot; match it. I am sorry if the main point of my nov 18 comment (the first sentence) was missed because the second sentence contained a &quot;query&quot; (which was very soon answered elsewhere and which would not even have been raised if someone had pointed me in the right direction a few weeks earlier). Now please ignore my second &quot;nov 18&quot; sentence above, except for the first seven words.
:'''So - the article called &quot;10&quot; is talking about the year 10 AD''' but may link to &quot;decem&quot; etc. OK? 
:And &quot;[[476]]&quot; has a more up-to-date version of what may become a template. Vivant imperatores! 
:[[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 01:16 dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

==Nexus circulare==

(''Non multo latine scribeo; apologiae!! (studens [[1954]]-[[1959]])'')

Click &quot;[[decem]]&quot; and you see this:

'''&quot;10'''
&lt;br&gt;&quot;(Redirectum de [[Decem]])

&quot;''Pro numero, vide s.v. [[decem]]''&quot;


We therefore (as I would probably have seen while composing my November and '''Decem'''ber messages if I had not blindly trusted previous editors) have a circular linkage and an unfortunately misleading first sentence. 

Semble, nobody yet thinks the number &quot;Decem&quot; is worth being the subject of an article. A pity, because it is (as &quot;X&quot;) a not insignificant part of the structure of Latin numeration and a month name and is the base of the &quot;Arabic&quot; numeral system. '''Vide [[:en:10_%28number%29]], exempli gratia,''' which someone could translate into a useful &quot;Decem&quot; article.

I may edit &quot;Decem&quot; (though I would be pleased if someone else beat me to it) to convert the redirect into a mere reference link and write a little &quot;stipular&quot; text in the hope that someone else can greatly expand it along the suggested translation line. 

[[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 00:14 ian 19, 2005 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Concilium Vaticanum Primum</title>
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      <comment>de spiritualitate</comment>
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      <text bytes="1352" sha1="l44dsy9u39i23itgd86kar4zs6h1rcn" xml:space="preserve">'''Concilium Vaticanum Primum''' die [[29 Iunii]] [[1868]] a Papa [[Pius IX|Pio IX]] indictum est. 

Anno [[1870]], accurate a die [[8 Decembris]] [[1869]] usque ad diem [[20 Octobris]] [[1870]], iam urgente vespere [[Status Papales|Statuum Papalium]], [[Beatus]] [[Pius IX]] convocavit Romae orbis omnes catholicos episcopos ut tractarent de rebus [[spiritualitas|spiritualibus]] istius aetatis. Super trecentos annos currebant a temore ultimo [[Oecumenicum Concilium|oecumenico concilio]] nempe [[Concilium Tridentinum|Concilio Tridentino]], et initium studiorum liberalium postulavit responsum a [[ecclesia catholica|ecclesia]]. Ante dissolutionem concilii, [[Roma]] capta, duo sunt publicata decreta: nempe Constitutionem Dogmaticam ''[[Dei Filius (constitutio dogmatica)|Dei Filius]]'', quae tractabat de divina revelatione, et Constitutionem Dogmaticam ''[[Pastor Aeternus]]'', quae consideravit ministerium papale, et definivit infallibilitatem [[papa]]rum in eorum sollemnibus declarationibus de fide et moribus.

Nonnulli in [[Europa]] repudiaverunt istud dogma, vide [[Ecclesia Vetus Catholica]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050818091030/http://www.dailycatholic.org/history/20ecume1.htm Concilii Decreta] {{Ling| Anglice}}
* {{CathEnc|15303a|De concilio}}

{{Oecumenica Concilia}}

[[Categoria:Concilia Oecumenica]]</text>
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      <comment>Vetus synonymum “Disputatio Wikipedia:” in formam recentiorem redegi</comment>
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      <text bytes="31850" sha1="77spl9fv6oagrw18gg2fpm3sv8mp5w0" xml:space="preserve">Ave--[[Usor:64.12.116.210|64.12.116.210]] 06:42 apr 6, 2004 (UTC)

Ave et tu. Quid novi?

==[[Terentius Tunberg]]==
Hey...is [[Terentius Tunberg]] really relevant here? Is he just some random professor who happens to teach Latin? I don't know about the other stuff you've been adding, but that one jumped out at me as being non-encyclopedic. [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] 15:29 apr 8, 2004 (UTC)

:Actually, nevermind, I see what he has written...I should have looked around a bit first :) [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] 15:32 apr 8, 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, there are certain people who seem big in the world of spoken Latin, and I was thinking they should get their own entries. I listed some of them on that Conventiculum page.

==[[Genius seculi]]==
Thanks a lot for [[Genius seculi]]! My Latin is obviously rather rusty. Your modifications sound much better. --[[Usor:Nikai|Nikai]] 23:31 apr 11, 2004 (UTC)

Psew, good. I didn't want to destroy your work, so I'm glad you approve. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]]

==Las Vegas?==
Sorry, my latin is terrible (i was the one that called Nevada, Nevadae), where did you get Nivata?? (also im from [[Las Vegas]], I like how you call it &quot;Sive Campi&quot; LOL). --[[Usor:Plato|Plato]] 05:38 apr 14, 2004 (UTC)

Well, I got Nivata the same place I got Campi - [[Carolus Egger|Karl Egger]]'s ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum.'' It's a very useful reference book, though I do not by any means always agree with it. He suggested Nivata because that is what Nevada litterally means - &quot;snow covered&quot; ''vel sim.'' I wasn't consistant with how I applied the Lexicon though - I left Colorado unchanged (Egger suggests Coloratum, and actually I agree with him on that), and only listed Campi as an alternate name (I frankly think it's silly). I don't much object to Nevada -ae, though I definitely think Nivata is superior. Where did you get the idea to plurralize it (if't hat's what you were doign by calling it Nevadae) --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:13 apr 14, 2004 (UTC)

&lt;tt&gt;ADDENDUM&lt;/tt&gt;- BTW, was that one phrase you used a couple times meant to mean &quot;biggest metropolis in the state&quot; as I have translated it? And did you like my other additions to the Las Vegas article? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:18 apr 14, 2004 (UTC)

yeah that seems right, Nevada mean &quot;snow covered&quot; in Spanish (but my Spanish is poor), I got the idea of Nevadae from my friend who speaks a some Latin, he told me to preserve the original name as much as possible (im not sure personally, if you got from a book I’ll believe you over my crazy friend). Also yes that was my intent, to call Las Vegas is the largest Metropolis in the state, because it is, I did like your additions, for my Latin is terrible. Also you might be interested Las Vegas means &quot;the meadows&quot; in Spanish, so if Sive Campi translates to &quot;the meadows&quot; that would be the name in the city in latin --[[Usor:Plato|Plato]] 03:29 apr 16, 2004 (UTC)


I'm just wondering where you got the -ae in Nevadae. &quot;''Sive''&quot; just means &quot;or&quot; or &quot;A.K.A.&quot; &quot;''Campi''&quot; means &quot;fields&quot; (in the sense of open areas, not cultivated ones)... &quot;''Prata''&quot; might be closer to meadows. I don't like that name because on its own it's hard to tell it means Las Vegas rather than just &quot;fields&quot;... on the other hand I regularly use names like ''Boni Aëres'' without worying about that. Whatever. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 03:43 apr 16, 2004 (UTC)

Ave, i'll try to check it to see a more latin name for las vegas (but for now we'll just call it las vegas). Also, ill add you to my friend's list on my live journal (my user name is Crown_Royal_200) Pax frater (i think that means Peace Brother tell me if im right) [[usor:plato|Plato]]

You are welcome to add me, I always enjoy being read. I must warn you that I am unlikely to friend you back though, because I have enough trouble keeping up with my friends list as it is! And yes, &quot;Pax frater&quot; does mean &quot;Peace Brother.&quot; Is the name &quot;Las Vegas&quot; short for something, like &quot;Los Angeles&quot; is? That might help. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 16:36 apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

:Here it is, it's short for &quot;''Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de Las Vegas Grandes''&quot; which, word for word, would be ''Domina Nostra Dolorum Pratorum Magnorum'' (or ''Camporum Magnorum''), but I can't see a city being called &quot;Our Lady&quot; of anything in Latin ;) Perhaps &quot;Campi Magni/Prata Magna&quot; would be a good compromise: it's authentic (''Las Vegas Grandes''), and it's not so indistinct as to confuse people as to which fields or prairies you're talking about. I'll have to think this one over. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 01:40 apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

::No, Las Vegas was a shortened version like LA, the Spanish just called Las Vegas, after they found a small stream and some grass around it (which still exists). I’m thinking they the reason why they called it “the meadows” is because of this grass (maybe a good Latin word would be “the Grasslands?&quot; Pax frater--[[Usor:Plato|Plato]] 04:16 apr 21, 2004 (UTC)

: Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de Las Vegas Grandes – was the name of Las Vegas in NEW MEXICO (until 1835)! I have no idea if this would be true for THE Las Vegas. Fritz@Joern.De --[[Usor:Fritz Jörn|Fritz Jörn]] 22:05, 8 Novembris 2008 (UTC)

==Currency==
What is the Latin word for Currency, currentia? [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], 16:29 (UTC), Apr 19, 2004

No, currentia won't work. What's the context? Perhaps you could just use ''pecunia'' &quot;money&quot; or maybe ''nummi'' &quot;coins&quot;? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 16:36 apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 10:05 apr 20, 2004 (UTC): &quot;The New College Latin&amp;English Dictionary&quot; (Bantam Books) translates &quot;currency&quot; as &quot;[[moneta]]&quot;.

--[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 15:38 apr 20, 2004 (UTC) Having double-checked the semantic range of ''moneta'', I'll buy that (pun intended). Keep in mind though, [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], it does have a number of meanings, including &quot;mint&quot; (where money is produced) and two different goddesses.

==Ice Cream==
What is the Latin word for ice cream? - [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], 16:45 (UTC), Apr 20, 2004

[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] I'm away from my modern dictionaries at the moment, but if I recall correctly we usually use &quot;nix glacialis&quot; (literally &quot;icy snow&quot;). The Romans did indeed use snow for culinary purposes, so it kind of fits. I'm sure one source or another suggests &quot;gelatum&quot; based on the Romance languages, but in Latin this would mean &quot;frozen thing&quot; so is perhaps not specific enough.

[[Usor:Carolus|Carolus]] My Traupman gives congelidum cremum. Actually, if I am not mistaken (and I probably am), it was exercitus Hannibalis, crossing the Alps, that invented the snowcone. Or maybe it was exercitus Caesaris ... anyhow, it was exercitus alicuius ...

==Making Functions??==
Are you interested in making functions? [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], 16:50 (UTC), Apr 20, 2004

[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] Sorry, what does this mean?

This means about databases, and so on, are you interested?  [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], 16:16 (UTC), Apr 21, 2004

I'm sorry, I still don't know what you're talking about. Please give me a more patronizing explanation ;) --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 21:22 apr 21, 2004 (UTC)

Its also at Meta-Wiki to find some databases [[Usor:Pumpie|Pumpie]], 15:50 Apr 23, 2004 (UTC)

==Dates==
[[Usor:CalRis25|CalRis25]] 09:32 iul 20, 2004 (UTC): Hello! We're trying right now to come up with an ''official'' way of giving dates, years etc. Would you please join this discussion? Have a look at [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)]] and especially at its [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)|''disputatio''-page]]. By the way, I've just started a [[Wikipedia:Infobox|page]] with templates for infoboxes. Have a look at it, too.  Bye, CalRis.

== Unicode ==

You say you  'have a tendency to destroy unicode when you edit pages'. Why is this? Also, you are able to convert characters to entities with great efficiency. I have to convert them by saving them as UTF-16 in a text editor, opening it as Hexadecimal, then writing the entity as &amp;amp;#x65E5; or whatever. Do you have an automated way to do this?
:I tend to destroy unicode because my favored browser, MSIE 4.2 for Macintosh, is a piece of *^%$ when it comes to this sort of thing. To edit a page with unicode in it I have to use one of my other browsers. This is why I've been converting the characters (though I think pages look much prettier with them). As for ''how'' I've been doing it, on the advice of [[Usor:Myce¯s]] I have been testing pages in [[en:Wikipedia:Sandbox]], as the English Wikipedia converts to characters to code automatically.

== Translation Guide? ==

I've been thinking of starting a translation guide, listing errors I frequently encounter here, and how to avoid them. This seems like a good idea to me, and I hope you agree. Two questions though:

#Where should I put such a guide?
#What language should it be in? 

The latter question is particularly serious. The guide probably should not be written in Latin, as it will be especially useful to beginners. If I write it in English, I may be excluding certain contributors who don't speak it that well either. I can often guess a contributor's native language based on the mistakes they make in Latin, and ideally I would want a tailored guide for each language. But then we end up bogging down the Wikipedia with an unweildly number of non-Latin pages.

What do you think? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 21:10 aug 24, 2004 (UTC)

: Mea sententia [[nodus Gordius]] est. Eum si solves, philosophus et rector Vicipaediae a me nominatus eris. :-)

:Of course it's a good idea :)   It could possibly go anywhere, possibly as a subsection of [[Wikipedia:Auxilium pro editione (anglice)]] (at any rate it should be linked there), or another page titled along the same lines. ([[Wikipedia:Appendix Probi]]?) ''';)'''  But you're right, each language version (be there many) should probably speak to mistakes speakers of the language are prone to.   As for what languages it should be in, at least English and beginners'-grade Latin to start with.  —[[Usor:Myce¯s|Myces Tiberinus]] 23:05 aug 25, 2004 (UTC)

I have started an English version at [[usor:Iustinus/Translator's Guide]]

==Sysop==
Hey, I can now make you a sysop directly, if you want - or, we could set up a requests for adminship page and have people go through the normal process (what should it be called? &quot;Rogatio pro Magistratu&quot;, or something like that?). [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] 16:22 aug 25, 2004 (UTC)
:Cool. I have no idea which method would be better though. Is there any specific advantage to one over the other? As for the process, if &lt;i&gt;Magistratus&lt;/i&gt; is what we're using for &quot;sysop status&quot; (not a bad translation by any means), then the process should probably be &quot;Petitio Magistratus&quot;. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 16:44 aug 25, 2004 (UTC)
::&quot;Petitio magistratus&quot; non nego. Vide etiam: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.per108.shtml (versus tertius: &quot;In petitione consulatus M. Cato repulsam tulit&quot;). Spero neminem hanc repulsam laturam esse. :-)

:::Sic etiam spero :) Video vos disputare res delendas - fortasse &quot;Petitio Deletionis&quot; creemus, quod nonnullae res non cito delendae sunt.

:::: Fortasse in vicem deletionum novas res creemus, quod pleraeque res non cito delendae sunt. :-)

UPDATE: [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] has put my name up at [[Wikipedia:Petitio magistratus]]

Nunc magistratus es! [[Usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]] 18:57 sep 3, 2004 (UTC)

== För Sverige i tiden ==

I really don't know =) It is a bit cryptic even if you speak swedish. A more precise translation would be &quot;For Sweden in the time&quot; or &quot;.. in time (tempus)&quot;. I started  a discussion at the swedish page about the question but have not yet got any replys. I get back to you if there is someone who can give me a better explanation there. // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 08:03 sep 14, 2004 (UTC)

== More of Suecia ==
What does &quot;Alia&quot; stand for? I found this under the headline: (''comments in italics'')

**[[Angermannus flumen]] (Ångermanälven, river) ''as it says, a river''
**[[Birca]] (Björkö, Birka) ''Björkö a island, Birka a ancient  town at the island Björkö, (Wiking aged, most likely destoyed by estonian wikings in the year ca LM A.D)''
**[[Carolina antiqua]] (Gamla Karleby) ''a town in [[Finnia]]''
**[[Carolina nova]] (Nykarleby)  ''a town in [[Finnia]]''
**[[Dalecarlius]] (Dalälven, flumen) ''a river''
**[[Delisboa]] (Delsbo) ''a city''
**[[Halmostadium]] (Halmstad) ''a city''
**[[Harga]] (Harg) ''a small place at the contryside''
**[[Hernosandia]] (Härnösand) ''a town''
**[[Hudwicsowaldum]] (Hudiksvall) ''a town''
**[[Huena]] (Ven, insula) ''a insula / island''
**[[Ludosia antiqua]] (Gamla Lödöse) ''a old town now inside Gotemburg''
**[[Lula]] (Luleå) ''a town''
**[[Oresundae]] (Öresund) ''a town''
**[[Pax Mariae]] (Mariefred) ''a town''
**[[Pitovia]] (Piteå) ''a town''
**[[Stenbroa]] sive [[Lithopontus Sueciae]] (Stenbro) ''a number of small places, all at the contryside''
**[[Torsilia]] (Torshälla) ''a town''
**[[Trellenburgum]] (Trelleborg) ''a town''
**[[Uraniburgum]] (Uranienborg) ''a town in [[Norvegia]]''
**[[Varburgum]] (Varberg?) ''a town''
**[[Weneriburgum]] (Vänersborg) ''a town''

From this you can tell there are a number of errors in this text but I'm not sure where because I don't know the translation for the title. (My book tells me &quot;alia&quot; is an adjective &quot;by another way&quot;, (not much help)). /// [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 17:43 sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

:''alia'' here just means &quot;others&quot; or &quot;other things.&quot; It's not a conventient time right now, but maybe I can make those updates later. Generally: &quot;an island&quot; = ''insula'', &quot;a town&quot; = ''oppidum'', etc.  -Iustinus

::Ok. I will remove the towns that is not swedish from the list and maybe add some lakes, islands and rivers if I can find the latin translation for the names. // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 09:07 sep 17, 2004 (UTC)
:::For the ones that aren't in Sweden, maybe you can add them to the appropriate entry (and make corrections to the place's own entry if it exists) to keep the information from being lost. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 14:16 sep 17, 2004 (UTC)

== Minoreditletter ==

The letter &quot;M&quot; used for marking a minor edit is at the page [[MediaWiki:Minoreditletter]]. Here it is in uppercase but lowercase &quot;m&quot; is more or less standard in wikipedia. I can only view the page, not change it. You must be a sysop to do this. Will you please?, it looks much better in the &quot;Mutationes recentes&quot; listing.

:By the way! Is it correct to use the glyphs Æ and æ for vords ending in AE / ae?

::And also: A interwiki link beginning in uppercase is a explicit link and if it begins in lowercase, it is implicit and is used for the &quot;Aliae linguae&quot; table at the left of the page.
 
// [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 21:03 sep 17, 2004 (UTC)

OK, for item one you're just asking me to make that lower case? I feel I should check with other ops to see if there's a reason it's different.

For the second item: the digraph letters are often used to write Latin, BUT on this wiki it has been decided not to use them (according to [[Auxilium_pro_editione_(anglice)#Do_not_use_the_ligatures_.C3.86_and_.C3.A6|this page]]).

For the third point, I guess that means &lt;nowiki&gt;[[La:Usor:Iustinus]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; will link to my user page from any wikipedia, whereas &lt;nowiki&gt;[[la:Usor:Iustinus]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; is the standard other language equivalent interwiki. Thanks.--[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 23:05 sep 17, 2004 (UTC)

:(1); Ok. (2); Ok, then I know. (3); Exactly so. =) // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 06:37 sep 18, 2004 (UTC)

== Planet in plural ==

I was wondering how to make it plural but that was not easy =)
*English; (the) Planets of the solar system.
*Swedish; Solsystemets planeter.
*Latin; Planetae systematis solaris.
All three are using the same words but in different orders. Well, I understood someone would fix it and therfore I wrote it there even if I realized it was wrong. // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 22:08 sep 20, 2004 (UTC)

:Honestly the problem was not pluralization or word order, but rather (once again) finding the genitive form. But I figured you were just banking on someone coming along and correcting it.
:I did want to ask you though: you've been importing a lot of pictures from other versions of the Wikipedias. I would love it if you would do that for more articles, especially all the super-short biographies I've been writing lately. I can do it myself, but I find it to be kind of boring: I'd rather just write some new entries. Since you can't really write your own entries at this point, maybe you'd like to help me with this? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 00:25 sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

::Absolutley! I think I do that better than the writing =) And I guess it's the other way around for you. This is the way wiki should be done. Everyone's doing the things they are good at =) // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 12:29 sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

== Suecia antiqua et hodierna ==

*[http://www.kb.se/suecia/default.asp &quot;Suecia antiqua et hodierna&quot; at the Swedish royal library]

&quot;Välj bild och klicka sedan OK&quot; = Choose image and then click OK. &quot;Band&quot; = volume. &quot;Bilder&quot; = images.  A good example: &quot;1:103 - Finsta&quot;, but here you can find a lot (totaly 353 images). The pages has got latin descriptions and swedish translations. Good for me =) // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 17:18 sep 22, 2004 (UTC)
:Great! And I assume these count as public domain? It's amazing how much stuff we can get on Sweden. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 17:50 sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

::Yes it's all PD. I will get some images from there a little later today and upload them to here. Then I also copy the texts for the images. // [[Usor:Solkoll|Solkoll]] 07:32 sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

== Urbs ==

The complete contents of all of the stubs originally linking to [[urbs]] which I have since marked &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delenda}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; are now located at [[Index civitas mundi]]. As I have not yet gone through all of the stubs, the list is incomplete, but all the articles marked ''delenda'' can now be deleted. [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolaus]] 23:29 sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

== [[Pagina prima]] ==

*[[wiktionary:en:Hello#Translations|Salve]] Iustinus! I just arrived here. What do you tink to put a &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; at the beginning of the page and a &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; at the end?
*I suppose, that some '''Main Page'''s include some templates too. I think it makes it easier to handle the page.
*Please look also at [[Usor:Gangleri]]. Would be nice to have many languages linking here because of the &quot;Three of life&quot; projec(s).
*I have seen you have [[Religio Germanica]] on your page. Is this an area of your interest? Regards [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 00:11 oct 25, 2004 (UTC)

:*Regarding the first two points, I am not really the person to ask, as I know much more abotu Latin than about wiki. Consequently I generally leave this kind of thing up to other people, such as [[usor:Adam Episcopus|Adam Episcopus]].
:*I'm not sure what you are asking regarding your user page. The only breed of dog I can think of offhand in Latin is '''molossus'''.
:*The Latin names of gods from all around the world is an area of interest for me. Is Germanic mythology an interest of yours then? --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 20:29 oct 26, 2004 (UTC)

::Sory for the late answer. Yes, for me Norse mythology is an area of interest since more then ten years.  At Wikipedia I am more interested in technical issues. [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 20:19 feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

==[[Wikipedia:Taberna#aut Category:Urbis aut Category:Urbes]]==

*I have seen your note at [[Category Talk:Urbis]]. I found both categories with [[Specialis:Categories|Categoriae paginarum]]. It seams that there are more categories ending in &quot;''is''&quot;. If you like them moved, you should make a list here and I will see who can do this. Regards [[:ro:User:Gangleri]] [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 20:19 feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

== Admin ==

Hi Iustinus, I've requested [[Disputatio Usoris:Adam Episcopus#Request for Adminship|admin status]] from Adam, and am now on the campaign trail trying to woo voters. I know we like to talk about our opinions a lot with each other, but your support would be appreciated :-) [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolus]] 13:29 oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

== Dracula ==

Funnily enough, I came across [[Transilvania]] by way of the random page button just 10 minutes ago. I thought it was just another one-line stub, but if you're going to work on it I'll not put it on the list of geographical stubs i've been collecting. [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolus]]
:Oh, I was wondering how you got there so quickly! I don't have any immediage intentions to expand that article at the moment though. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 22:12 oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

== Bubastis ==

Yeah, looks fine to me. The character is in the font [http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/unicode/tituut.asp TITUS Cyberbit]. — [[Usor:Nickshanks|Nicolus]] 13:17 ian 17, 2005 (UTC)

== Bill Thayer ==
Veniam tibi supplicans, solum hodie scriptum tuum [[Disputatio_Usoris:Bill_Thayer|in ostio meo]] vidi!! &quot;Wilhelmus&quot; teutonicissimum fit nec multum mihi gratum est, sed quid alii inveniri possumus? Quidquid id est, ut dicitur, quoquomodo me vocas, ad prandium vocas.... [[Usor:Bill Thayer|LacusCurtius]] 18:01 ian 28, 2005 (UTC)

== Urbs Template ==

I have an Indiana cities template for you to submit for you and/or Adamepiscopus to evaluate -- how can I transmit it to you without posting it here and creating a bunch of possibly incorrect links? --[[Usor:Brennus|Brennus]] 01:47 feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
:You could maybe [http://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Emailuser&amp;target=Iustinus email me]. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 01:58 feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

==Tiberis==
&quot;Robin, I can translate that Italian [[Tiberis|Tiber]] quote if you'd like, but it might be helpful to include some context or explanation.&quot; - Iustine, amice, I hope you can translate MOST of the English &quot;[[:en:Tiber|Tiber]]&quot; article, which includes the inscription! (Sed festina lente...) [[Usor:Robin Patterson|Robin Patterson]] 23:15 feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

==Augustinus Garzo==
Ave, munde, Vicipaedia latina perveni! Garzo, nunc [[Usor:Augustinus|Augustinus]] 22:25 mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

==Fabius gratiam agit==

Salve Iustine. Mille gratiam ago, quod commentationem, quae perfecto profecto non fuit, emendavisses. Vidisti fortasse Latinitatem meam optimam non esse. Etiam usum Vicipaediae difficile est tirone, ut scis. Ita gratiam habeo quoque pro auxiliis a te missis. Ego, quamquam linguam Latinam bene non loquor, principia aetatis Ciceronis ardenter in animo teneo. Sic litteras k, j, w evitaturus sum. Itaque scribo &quot;Ceplerus&quot; vel &quot;VVolfgangus&quot;. Ut scis quoque c aetate classica tantopere sicut k appellatum est. Estne mos hic? Informationes de nominibus latinizatis etiam melius auxilium sunt.

Mansurus naturaliter sum.

Vale bene.

Fabio

Fabius Iustino salutem. 
Video, Profecto video quam grave est, ut medium reperetur. Verba verbas sunt illa poetae magni, qui dixit: &quot;Medio tutissimus ibis&quot;. :-) Video etiam te incitatum peritia me invicem idealismo iuvenili vel fortasse neglegenti (spero, ut non sit). Vitia erroresque vitare volo. Etsi non continget, oro vos errores emendare. 

Vale. Fabius.

== [http://vs.aka-online.de/globalwpsearch/ GlobalWPSearch] ==

* Halló Iustinus! I do not know if you met GlobalWPSearch developed by [[:de:Benutzer:Aka]]. It will support soon also [[:la:]]. See [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=Alfred_Nobel '''GlobalWPSearch''' Alfred Nobel], [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=Mahatma_Gandhi '''GlobalWPSearch''' Mahatma Gandhi], [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=Wikipedia '''GlobalWPSearch''' Wikipedia]. I would be happy If you can start an article about [[Alfred Nobel]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Please make redirects if you use other titles.
* You can see a conflict at &lt;strike&gt;[http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=Paris '''GlobalWPSearch''' Paris]&lt;/strike&gt;, [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=RSS '''GlobalWPSearch''' RSS], [http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/globalwpsearch.pl?timeout=30&amp;minor=1&amp;search=Odin '''GlobalWPSearch''' Odin] etc.
* GlobalWPSearch supports already [[:la:Template:Discretiva]] (&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:la:Template:Disambig]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; is used in a different content) and [[:la:Template:Interwikiconflict]]. See [[:de:Bild Diskussion:Logo Begriffsklärung.png#Vorlagen - Templates]]. It is planed to support also [[:la:Template:Delete]] and [[:la:Template:Copyvio]]. Would be happy if you can create the missing templates or make a redirect to the proper titles. Thanks in advance.

* [[Usor:Richie]] and [[Usor:RCBot]] would be happy to have [[:la:Template:NowCommons]], see [[commons:Commons:Village pump#RCBot]]. If you create last template please insert it at [[Commons:User:Gangleri/sandbox/Template:NowCommons]]. Thanks in advance! Best regards [[Usor:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 10:58 apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

== Collegium Patricus Henricus ==

Yes, I made the title myself. I'll remove the article from the index, and probably change the title. Thanks for your help &amp; vigilance. [[Usor:Quaerenssapientiam|Quaerenssapientiam]] 06:01 apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

== [[Ius Romanum]] ==

Thomas Iustino s.p.d.

Post multum tempus feci quod proposuisti. Imaginem Basilicae Lateranensis, venerabilis aedificii, ad ius tamen romanum minime pertinentis sustuli novaque imagine, in qua pars textus digestorum una cum glossis iuris peritorum medii aevi videtur, paginam ornavi. Quod factum ut probes spero et desidero. Vale!

== ICti ==

... sunt, Iustine, iuris consulti. Abbreviatura hac in veteribus libris legalibus usitatissima utens false existimavi eam et extra iuris romani studiosorum circulos esse notam. cognito tali errore iam delevi &quot;ICtos&quot; et pro eos &quot;iuris consultos&quot; textui inserui.

Gaudio maximo video exigua, quae de iure romano scribere ausus sum, locum paginae mensis obtinere. Vale! --[[Usor:Thomas Ruefner|Thomas Ruefner]] 22:42 iun 2, 2005 (UTC)

== Nomina regum ==

Vide, quaeso, disputationes meas de nominibus in paginis [[Disputatio:Victoria (regina Britannica)]] et [[Disputatio:Gulielmus IV (rex Britannicus)]]. Duobos de rebus tracto:

*quomodo paginae regum reginarumque titulandae sunt optime. Mihi videtur &quot;Victoria Brittaniae&quot; usu Vikipaediae Anglicae. 
*quomodo &quot;William&quot; Latine scribitur &amp;mdash; &quot;Guilielmus&quot; mihi videtur.

Profueruntne meae verbae? [[Usor:Doops|Doops]] 20:19 iun 22, 2005 (UTC)

== kg ==

Salve Iustine. Laborabamus eodem tempore in pagina &quot;chilogramma,&quot; et video nos multas mutationes similes fecisse. :) Me paenitet destruere tuam redirectionem.

:Heh, nihil est cuius te paeniteat. Sed nunc debemus duas commentationes simul unire, cuius rei me sine dubio taedebit ;) . Quis autem es tu? Non enim te agnosco ex inscriptione IP. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 05:58 iun 26, 2005 (UTC)

==Conventum==
Ad conventum adire mihi non tam placet quia ''cookies'' necessarii sunt contra quos computatrum meum securitatis causa seclusum est. W. Bohmhammel / 28.8.2005

:Suntne vero necesse ''cookies'' ut programma &quot;nuntio&quot; seu &quot;colloquii&quot; adhibeatur? Haud scio an. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 18:07 sep 5, 2005 (UTC)

:Iterum conatus sum: Sine ''cookies'' conventum non aperitur. W. B. / 5 Idus Sept. MMV

== [[wikt:Frenoiama|Frenoiama]] ==

I was in bed and had a realization... The Fre- in [[wikt:Frenoiama|Frenoiama]] might be for Fiē-, i.e. [[en:Mount Hiei|Hiei-zan]].  I got up to tell you but you had already logged off. :p    Apparently the monastery is called [[en:Enryakuji|Enryakuji]] and was destroyed by Nobunaga in the 16th century (cf. [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/avity/avity1/s0938.html])  — That look about right?  —[[Usor:Mycēs|Myces Tiberinus]] 07:17 sep 5, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. [[Google:Fienoiama]] turns up [http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/gpub/book/g0165.html one hit in Italian] and [http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/gpub/book/g0064.html another page] from the same site spells it Frenoxama in English.    —[[Usor:Mycēs|Myces Tiberinus]] 07:17 sep 5, 2005 (UTC)

:Yeah, I'd sa you've probably got it. Interesting how modern Japanese さん is &quot;''immer''&quot; のやま. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 18:07 sep 5, 2005 (UTC)

== Arcusbusius ==

I dont know if you collected this one yet... I found it in Nicot's ''[http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/dicos/TLF-NICOT/ Thresor de la langue françoyse]'' 1606, s.v. ''arquebuse'':

:&lt;big&gt;Arquebuse,&lt;/big&gt; Polydorus ''en son livre'' de inuentoribus rerum, ''dit ainsi:'' Bombarda vocatur a Bombo, id est, sonitu, qui bombos Graece dicitur, quidam tormentum aeneum malunt nuncupare. Eius nunc plura fiunt genera, quae varie vulgo nominantur: et vnum illud minimum quo nunc pedites vtuntur, qui factitio nomine sclopus vocitatur. Sclopus enim est sonus ille, qui ex buccarum inflatione, erumpit. Persius, Nec sclopo tumidas intendis rumpere buccas. Sed alio quoque nomine appellatur '''Arcusbusius''', a foramine opinor, quo ignis in puluerem fistula contentum immittitur: nam Itali busium vulgo foramen dicunt, et arcus, quod instar arcus pugnantibus sit, quippe hodie huiusmodi tormenti vsus in primo statim pugnae loco est, quem olim sagittariis dabant, quum a missilibus praeliari inciperent. Haec Polydorus, ''voyez'' Bombarde ''et'' Haquebute.
:''Arquebuse &amp;agrave; croc,'' Sclopus vncinatus.
:''Arquebuse &amp;agrave; main,'' Manuarium tormentum, Sclopus manualis.
:''Arquebuse &amp;agrave; ro&amp;uuml;et,'' Sclopus rotulatus.

I can't find 'arcusbusius' in the bit that talks about [http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=inkunabeln/170-4-quod-1&amp;image=00095 bombarda being from bombus] in [http://diglib.hab.de/inkunabeln/170-4-quod-1/start.htm ''De Inventoribus Rerum'' (1499)] though it is in the [http://bibliotecaforal.bizkaia.net/search/tde/tde/77,192,211,B/l962&amp;FF=tde+rerum+inuentoribus+libri+octo&amp;1,1,,001965,-1 1536 edition] (needs Java; bottom page 157) —[[Usor:Mycēs|Myces Tiberinus]] 18:24 sep 11, 2005 (UTC)

:Eugepae! --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 00:23 sep 12, 2005 (UTC)

==Translators guide==
(In horrible french)On doit etre ''Article'' ton ''translator's guide''. Your translator's guide should be an article and is very informative. I myself am interestated in Spoken/conversational Latin:Hello, How are you? My name is John.The weather is beutiful today. Your aunt May called. etc. Regards, --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:31 sep 12, 2005 (UTC)

==Philippinae==
Thanks a lot(Maraming salamat) for the improvements! --[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 06:33 sep 12, 2005 (UTC)
------------
==CÓRDOBA==
Salve amigo [[Ivstinvs]]:
Aún no observo el artículo dedicado a las ciudades de Córdoba  ( de España y de Argentina), no sé cual es su denominación en lingua latina, aunque puedo aproximarte el dato: La Universidad Nacional de Córdoba  (Argentina) tiene como antigua denominación Vniversitas Cortvba Tucumanae. [[Córdoba del Tucumán]]  era el nombre de una antigua intendencia del [[Virreinato del Río de La Plata]]. Tucumán es actualmente el nombre de una de las provincias argentinas y Córdoba es el nombre de otra provincia argentina y el de su ciudad capital. Ergo : [[Cortuba (Argentinae)]]  es el nombre latino de esa ciudad, y supongo Cortuba Hispaniae el de la antigua ciudad europea.&lt;br&gt;
Gracias por tu atención.
:Si, el nombre latín de Córdoba es [[Corduba]], y como puedes ver, hay ya un articolo (muy muy pequeño) en esto nombre. ¡Muchas gracias por el nombre de la Universidád! Yo lo usaré por [[Index universitatum nominibus latinis constitutis]]. --[[Usor:Iustinus|Iustinus]] 06:18 sep 16, 2005 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>77spl9fv6oagrw18gg2fpm3sv8mp5w0</sha1>
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    <title>Bosnia et Herzegovina</title>
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{{Videhom|Bosnia}}
{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}
'''Bosnia et Herzegovina'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Tuomo Pekkanen]] &amp; [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum''. Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, Helsinki, 2006; [[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Andra upplagan. Norstedts akademiska förlag, Stockholm, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bosnia et Herzegovia&quot; in [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_ben-xvi_apc_20110201_ordinariatus-militaris_lt.html constitutione apostolica]&lt;/ref&gt; (vulgo ''Bosna i Hercegovina'', litteris Cyrillicis ''Босна и Херцеговина'') est foederalis [[res publica]] [[Europa]]e in [[Balcania]] sita, ex [[Iugoslavia]]e dissolutione orta, quam antiqui '''[[Bassania]]m et [[Chelmania]]m''' vocaverunt et Septemtrione Occidenteque [[Croatia]]e, Oriente Meridieque [[Serbia]]e et Meridie [[Mons Niger|Monti Nigro]] finitima est, cum parvula litoris portione in [[Mare Hadriaticum|Mari Hadriatico]]. Bosnia et Herzegovina e [[Res publica Serbica|Re Publica Serbica]] et [[Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae|Bosniae et Herzegovinae Foederatione]] constat. [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Seraium]] (vulgo ''Sarajevo'') est.

== Etymologia ==
Nomen [[Bosnia]]e a nomine [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Bosona]]e (vulgo ''Bosna''; [[Lingua Illyrica|Illyrice]]: ''boghi-na'' 'fluxum') ortum est; [[Herzegovina]]e nomen a [[lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]] voce ''herzog'' 'dux' significanti ortum est (nomen assumptum anno [[1448]]).

== Historia ==

=== De historia antiqua ===
Bassaniae et Chelmaniae fines antiquitus a gentibus [[Illyricum|Illyricis]] plerumque inculti erant: Bassania occidentalis a [[Ditiones|Ditionibus]], regio boreo-occidentalis a [[Mezaei]]s, Bassania centralis a [[Daesidiates|Daesidiatibus]], Herzegovina orientalis a [[Daorsi]]s, Herzegovina occidentalis a [[Delmatae|Delmatis]] (a loco [[Delminium]], qui hodie ''Duvno'' vocatur), Bassaniae montes ab aliis gentibus minoribus parumque notis (qui sunt [[Lamantini]], [[Derriopes]], [[Dindari]], [[Sardeates]], [[Glinditiones]], [[Scirtari]], [[Deramistae]], etc.).

=== Inruptiones in Medio Aevo ===
E [[saeculum 7|saeculo septimo]], variae partes hodie Bosniae et Herzegovinae correspondentes a [[Serbia|Serbiis]], [[Croatia|Croatis]], [[Hungaria|Hungaris]], [[Respublica Veneta|Venetis]] et [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Byzantinis]] captae sunt. [[Saeculum 12|Saeculo XII]] [[Regnum Hungariae]] territorium gubernare coepit, deleganda potestate districtalibus viceregibus Bosniensis, Croaticae et Hungaricae originis.

Reges Bosniae fuerunt:
* [[Stephanus Tvrtko I]] (1353–1391)
* [[Stephanus Dabiša]] (1390–1395)
* [[Helena Gruba]] (1395–1399)
* [[Stephanus Ostoia]] (1399–1405; 1409–1418)
* [[Stephanus Ostoiae]] (1418–1421)
* [[Stephanus Tvrtko II]] (1404–1409; 1421–1443)
* [[Stephanus Thomas]] (1443–1461)
* [[Stephanus Thomae]] (1461–1463)

=== Inruptio Ottomanica ===
[[Saeculum 15|Saeculo quinto decimo]], regio ab [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicis Turcis]] capta est et post varia proelia, Turcica provincia facta est. Per saecula [[saeculum 16|sextum decimum]] et [[saeculum 17|septimum decimum]], Bosnia strategicus locus in continuis conflictibus contra [[Domus Habsburgensis|Habsburgenses]] et contra [[Respublica Veneta|Venetias]] fuit. Per hoc tempus plerique incolae se ad [[Religio Islamica|Islamismum]] converterunt.

[[Fasciculus:Mostar-bruecke-1930.jpg|thumb|Pons [[Martarita]]e, [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Turco-Ottomanicum]] legatum in Bosnia]]

=== Imperium Austro-Hungaricum ===
Post [[Bellum Russo-Turcicum (1877-1878)|Bellum Russo-Turcicum]] inter annos [[1877]] et [[1878]], Bosnia et Herzegovina [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Imperii Austro-Hungarici]] partem fecerunt, post suam annexionem anni [[1908]]. Nova Constitutio electoratum inter [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Orthodoxos]], [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicos]] et [[Musulmanus|Musulmanos]] divisit, quod multo paulum ad frenandum crescentem Serbicum nationalismum contribuit.

Anno [[1914]], [[Archidux Austriae|archidux Austriacus]] [[Franciscus Ferdinandus (archidux Austriae)|Franciscus Ferdinandus]] [[Seraium|Seraii]] a Serbico nationalista occisus est. Iste eventus [[primum bellum mundanum|primi belli mundani]] causa fuit. Bello finito, anno [[1918]], Bosnia et Herzegovina Serbiae annexae sunt ut [[Regnum Iugoslaviae|Regni Serbiorum, Croatarum et Slovenorum]] partes.

=== Res Publica Socialistica Foederativa Iugoslaviae ===
Post [[secundum bellum mundanum]], anno [[1946]], duo territoria se [[Res Publica Socialistica Foederativa Iugoslaviae|Rei Publicae Socialisticae Foederativae Iugoslavicae]] ([[Communismus|communisticae]]) usque ad annum [[1992]] partem fecerunt.

=== Finis communismi et libertas capta ===
[[Communismus|Communismo]] collapso, inter annos [[1989]] et [[1990]] [[Iugoslavia]] in Nationalismi extremi undam mersa est. Postquam [[Croatia]] Foederationem relinqueret anno [[1991]], Croatae, Bosnii et Musulmani referendum pro multinationalis independentisque rei publicae creatione probaverunt. Sed Serbii et Bosnii se ab Iugoslavia separare recusaverunt, in quae in illo tempore Serbia dominabatur. Anno [[1992]], Bosnia et Herzegovina ad nominatum [[Bellum Bosniae]], cruentum et perniciosum [[bellum civile]], tractae sunt, in quo a quaque nationalitate captarum regionum incolae purgati sunt. Ex anno [[1995]] [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] exercitus in territorio sunt ut pacis foederum exsecutionem praestent.

== Politia ==
Tripartita praesidialis res publica, cum alio Bosnio-Musulmanico (Bosniaco), alio Croatico et alio Serbico legato. Bosniae et Herzegovinae praesidis munus rotative exercent tres [[praesindentia Bosniae et Herzegovinae|Bosniae et Herzegovinae praesidentiae]] collegae (alius Bosnius, alius Serbius et alius Croata), omnes munus octo menses per quattuor annorum mandatum in praesidentia occupantes. Tres praesidentiae collegae directe a populo eleguntur (Foederationis Bosniaco et Croatae et Rei Publicae Serbicae Serbico suffragia). Consilii ministrorum praeses a praesidentia nominatur et a Camera Repraesentantium probatur. Postea, eius resposalitas nominandorum gubernationis ministrorum.

Concilium Parlamentarium legiferum Bosniae et Herzegovinae corpus est. E duabus Cameris consistit: Camera Repraesentantium et Camera Populorum. Camera Populorum 15 delegatos includit e quibus duae tertiae partes a [[Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae|Foederatione]] (quinque Croatae et quinque Bosnii) et una tertia pars a [[Res publica Serbica|Re Publica Serbiae]] (quinque Serbii) provenit. Camera Repraesentantium a 42 sodalibus componitur, e quibus duae tertiae partes a Foederatione et una tertia pars a Re Publica Serbica eligitur.

Tribunal Constitutionale Bosniae et Herzegovinae supremus et finalis arbiter legalibus in rebus est. A novem sodalibus componitur e quibus quattuor a Camera Repraesentantium Foederationis, duo a Concilio Rei Publicae Serbicae et tres a [[Tribunal Europaeum Iurum Humanorum|Tribunalis Europaei Iurum Humanorum]] Praeside eleguntur postquam consulat cum Praesidentia.

== Divisio politico-administrativa ==
Bosnia et Herzegovinae [[foederatio]] duabus rebus politice autonomicis composita est, quae sunt [[Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] et [[Res publica Serbica]].

=== Divisio administrativa Foederationis Bosniae et Herzegovinae ===
[[Fasciculus:Bosnia and Herzegovina subdivision map Cantons.png|thumb|Carta pagorum Bosniae et Herzegovinae.]]
Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae omnis divisa est in decem [[pagus|pagos]] quorum nomina epichorica et antiqua sequuntur:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Numero in tabula
! Pagus [[Latine]]
! Pagus vulgo
! Caput [[Latine]]
! Caput vulgo
! Nomen pagi antiquum
|-
| I
| [[Pagus Oeneae-Sanae|Oenea-Sana]]
| ''Unsko-Sanski Kanton''
| [[Raetinium]]
| ''Bihać''
| Vallis Oeneae
|-
| II
| [[Pagus Posavinae|Posavina]] vel [[Pagus Saviae|Savia]]
| ''Posavski Kanton''
| [[Margum]] (seu [[Orasia]])
| ''Orašje''
| Terra Scordiscum
|-
| III
| [[Pagus Salinensis|Salines]]
| ''Tuzlanski Kanton''
| [[Salines (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Salines]]
| ''Tuzla''
| Terra Glinditionum
|-
| IV
| [[Pagus Bistuae Novae-Canabeae|Bistua Nova-Canabea]]
| ''Zeničko-Dobojski Kanton''
| [[Bistua Nova]]
| ''Zenica''
| Terra Derriopum
|-
| V
| [[Pagus Driniae Bosnicae|Drinia Bosnica]]
| ''Bosanskopodrinjski Kanton''
| [[Gorazda]]
| ''Goražde''
| Terra Daesitiatum
|-
| VI
| [[Pagus Bosniae Mediae|Bosnia Media]]
| ''Srednjebosanski Kanton''
| [[Traunicum]]
| ''Travnik''
| Terra Sardeatum
|-
| VII
| [[Pagus Herzegovinae-Narentae|Herzegovina-Narenta]]
| ''Hercegovačko-neretvanski Kanton''
| [[Mostarum]]
| ''Mostar''
| Terra Daorsorum
|-
| VIII
| [[Pagus Herzegovinae Occidentalis|Herzegovina Occidentalis]]
| ''Zapadnohercegovački kanton''
| [[Collis Amplus]] 
| ''Široki Brijeg''
| Terra Dindarum
|-
| IX
| [[Pagus Seraiensis|Seraium]]
| ''Kanton Sarajevo''
| [[Seraium]]
| ''Sarajevo''
|
|-
| X
| [[Pagus Decimus (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|X Pagus]]
| ''Kanton 10''
| [[Cleuna]]
| ''Livno''
| Terra Maezeum
|}

Quinque pagorum ([[Oenea et Sana]], [[Salines (pagus)|Salines]], [[Pagus Bistuae-Canabeae|Bistuae et Canabea]], [[Drinia Bosnica]] et [[Seraium (pagus)|Seraium]]) pagi cum Bosnica maxima parte sunt, tres ([[Savia (pagus)|Savia]], [[Herzegovina Occidentalis]] et [[Pagus Decimus]]) cum Croatica maxima parte et duo ([[Bosnia Media]] et [[Herzegovina-Naronia]]) &quot;mixticii&quot; sunt; quod speciales legiferas rationes ad protegendos constituentes ethnicos circulos esse significat.

Significativa [[Districtus Breucus|Districti Breuci]] (vulgo ''Brčko Distrikt'') portio quoque Foederationis pars erat; nihilominus, cum districtus creatus est, se partitum ambarum entitatum territorium fecit, sed sub nullius dominio collocata est et quamobrem sub directa Bosniae et Herzegovinae iurisdictione est.

In praesenti Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae 79 [[commune|communia]] habet.

=== Divisio admministrativa Rei Publicae Serbicae ===
[[Fasciculus:Srpska Regions.svg|thumb|Rei pulicae Serbicae cum suis [[caput (oppidum)|centris administrativis]].]]
Respublica Serbica tenet Bosniae et Herzegovinae partem borealem et orientalem. Res publica Serbica in 63 communia divisa est, quae in septem regionibus sine administrativo valore sed primi ordinis divisione putatis colliguntur. Haec regiones sunt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Colore in tabula
! Regio [[Latine]]
! Regio vulgo
! [[Caput (oppidum)|Centrum administrativum]] Latine
! Centrum administrativum vulgo
|-
| [[Fulvus|Fulvo]]
| [[Bania Luca (regio)|Bania Luca]]
| ''Banja Luka''
| [[Bania Luca]]
| ''Banja Luka''
|-
| [[Venetus|Veneto]]
| [[Canabea (regio)|Canabea]]
| ''Doboj''
| [[Canabea]]
| ''Doboj''
|-
| [[Violaceus|Violaceo]]
| [[Belina (regio)|Belina]]
| ''Bijeljina''
| [[Belina]]
| ''Bijeljina''
|-
| [[Flammeus|Flammeo]]
| [[Ulasenitsa (regio)|Ulasenitsa]]
| ''Vlasenica''
| [[Argentina (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Argentina]]
| ''Zvornik''
|-
| [[Caeruleus|Caeruleo]]
| [[Seraium et Romania]]
| ''Sarajevo-Romanija''
| [[Seraium Orientale]]
| ''Istočno Sarajevo''
|-
| [[Puniceus|Puniceo]]
| [[Fotza (regio)|Fotza]]
| ''Foča''
| [[Fotza]]
| ''Foča''
|-
| [[Chlorus|Chloro]]
| [[Tribulium (regio)|Tribulium]]
| ''Trebinje''
| [[Tribulium]]
| ''Trebinje''
|}
[[Fasciculus:Регије Републике Српске 2015-2025.png|thumb|right|Novae regiones 2015-2025]]

====Novae regiones 2015-2025 ====
Novae regiones Rei Publicae Serbicae secundum institutum territorialem 2015-2025 sunt:
# [[Regio Bania Lucensis]] - urbs caput [[Bania Luca]] - sub-regiones:
##[[Sub-Regio Gradiscana]] - urbs caput [[Gradisca (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Gradisca]]
##[[Sub-Regio Leusabana]] - urbs caput [[Leusaba]]
# [[Regio Palankae Praedoris]] - urbs caput  [[Palanka Praedor]] (''Приједор / Prijedor'')
# [[Regio Canabeensis]] - urbs caput [[Canabea]] 
# [[Regio Belinensis]] - urbs caput  [[Belina]] - sub-regio:
##[[Sub-Regio Argentinensis]] - urbs caput [[Argentina (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Argentina]] (''Зворник / Zvornik'')
# [[Regio Seraiensis Orientalis]] - urbs caput [[Seraium Orientale]] - sub-regio:
##[[Sub-Regio Visegradensis]] - urbs caput [[Visegradum]]
# [[Regio Tribuniensis]] - urbs caput [[Tribulium]] - sub-regio:
##[[Sub-Regio Fotzensis]] - urbs caput [[Fotza]] (''Фоча / Foča'')

== Geographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Satellite image of Bosnia and Herzegovina in December 2002.jpg|thumb|Bosnia et Herzegovina e spatio visae.]]
Bosnia et Herzegovina in [[Balcania]] occidentali et Serbiae oriente, [[Mons Niger|Monti Nigro]] meridie et Croatiae septemtrione austro-orienteque finitima est. [[Herzegovina]] regio sine limitibus claris territorii Meridie est.

[[Civilitas|Politice]] in [[Res publica Serbica|Rem publicam Serbicam]] et in [[Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae|Foederationem Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] dividuntur.

[[Portus Noumensis]], [[Portus|Portuaria]] [[urbs]], in [[Herzegovina-Naronia|Herzegovinae-Naroniae]] angulo, una mari conexio est. Civitatis nomen a duabus regionibus, Bosnia et Herzegovina, vagissime definito limite separatis, venit. Tres dissimilium religiosarum traditionum nationalitates sunt: [[Bosniaci]] ([[Musulmanus|Musulmani]], 45%), [[Serbii]] ([[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Orthodoxi]], 30%) et [[Croatae]] ([[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholici]], 17%). Bosnius gentilicium ad totas tres nationalitates quales Bosniae et Herzegovinae incolas applicatur.

Constantia rei publicae anno [[1992]] labefactata est bello civili, quod perniciem et incolarum translationem apportavit populumque in partes ethnicas et religiosas divisit.

=== Clima ===
[[Clima]] extremum continentale in [[septentrio]]ne et mediterraneum in meridie est. [[Aestas|Aestates]] calidae et [[hiems|hiemes]] frigidae sunt. Nihilo minus in superioribus zonis aestas [[clima temperatum|temperata]] brevisque et hiems frigidissima longissimaque esse solet. Minimae in [[mons|montanis]] zonis appronpinquare ad -20&amp;nbsp;°C et in reliquis -12&amp;nbsp;°C possunt quamquam indicandum est ambas mutare posse. Temperaturae maximae adhuc 40&amp;nbsp;°C attingere et eos in [[unda caloris]] excedere possunt.

In [[litus|litore]] clima temperatius est, quia [[clima Oceanicum]] huius [[regio]]nis hiemes temperatas pluviosasque ostendit.

=== Urbes et oppida ===
Nomina antiqua huiusque aevi:
* '''[[Seraium]]'''
* [[Argentaria (urbs)|Argentaria]] (vulgo ''Srebrenica'')
* [[Azizium]] (vulgo ''Gacko'')
* [[Baloie]] (vulgo ''Ključ'')
* [[Basante]] (vulgo ''Šamac'')
* [[Bistua Nova]] seu [[Bistuae]] (vulgo ''Zenica'')
* [[Cleuna]] (vulgo ''Livno'')
* [[Cypris (Foederatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae)]] (vulgo ''Kupres'')
* [[Cypris (Res publica Serbica)]] (vulgo ''Kupres'')
* [[Delminium (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Delminium]] (vulgo ''Tomislavgrad'')
* [[Fusciana]] (vulgo ''Ljubuški'')
* [[Mostarum]] (alia nomina: [[Mandetrium]], [[Martarita]]) (vulgo ''Mostar'')
* [[Palanka Praedor]] (Приједор / Prijedor)
* [[Portus Noumensis]] (vulgo ''Neum''; [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Porto Noumense'')
* [[Bihacium]] seu [[Raetinium]] (alia nomina: [[Bihacsium]], [[Bihaczinum]]) (vulgo ''Bihać'')
* [[Salines]] (vulgo ''Tuzla'')
* [[Salvium (Bosnia et Herzegovina)|Salvium]] (vulgo ''Glamoč'')
* [[Šiprage]]
* [[Gradisca Bosnica]] olim [[Servitium (urbs)|Servitium]] (vulgo ''Gradiška'')
* [[Uscople]] (vulgo ''Uskoplje'')
* [[Visegradum]] (vulgo ''Višegrad'')

=== Flumina ===
* [[Autarias]] (vulgo ''Tara'')
* [[Bathinus]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.asciatopo.altervista.org/illyria.html Antonio Sciarretta's Toponymy - Ancient Toponymy: Illyricum URL www.asciatopo.altervista.org]&lt;/ref&gt; (alia nomina: [[Baldassus]], [[Bosona]]) (vulgo ''Bosna'' flumen)
* [[Bona]] (vulgo ''Buna'')
* [[Drinus]] (vulgo ''Drina'')
* [[Losua]] (vulgo ''Lašva'')
* [[Naro]] vel [[Narenta]] (vulgo ''Neretva'')
* [[Oeneus (flumen Bosniae et Herzegovinae)|Oeneus]] seu [[Unna (flumen)|Unna]] (vulgo ''Una'')
* [[Orontius]] (vulgo ''Trebižat'')
* [[Preva]] (vulgo ''Pliva'')
* [[Sanus (flumen)]] seu [[Sana (flumen)]] (vulgo ''Sana'')
* [[Savus]] (vulgo ''Sava'')
* [[Simacus]] (vulgo ''Lim'')
* [[Tribessa]] vel [[Arion]] (vulgo ''Trebišnjica'')
* [[Urpanus]] (vulgo ''Vrbas'')

=== Montes maiores ===
* Mons [[Chlebenus]] (vulgo ''Cincar'', 2006 m)
* Mons [[Daversus]] (vulgo ''Prenj'', 2155 m)
* Mons [[Delontius]] (vulgo ''Čabulja'', 1776 m)
* Mons [[Dindarus]] (vulgo ''Dinara-Troglav'', 1972 m)
* Mons [[Domavius]] (vulgo ''Zvijezda'', 1675 m)
* Mons [[Hormus]] (vulgo ''Orjen'', 1994 m)
* Mons [[Leucinius]] (vulgo ''Bjelaštica'', 1876 m)
* Mons [[Matrix (mons)]] (vulgo ''Vlašić'', 1933 m)
* Mons [[Megyretus]] (vulgo ''Maglić'', 2386 m)
* Mons [[Melcumis]] (vulgo ''Zelengora'', 2032 m)
* Mons [[Pineus]] (vulgo ''Čvrsnica'', 2227 m)
* Mons [[Sardaeus]] (vulgo ''Vranica'', 2110 m)
* Mons [[Vecenicus]] (vulgo ''Velež'', 1967 m)
* [[Alpes Illyricae]] (vulgo ''Dinaridi'' vel ''Dinarsko gorje'')

== Oeconomia ==
Ad instar [[Macedonia]]e, Bosnia et Herzegovina ex antiquae [[Iugoslavia]]e rebus publicis pauperrima erat. [[Agricultura]] semper praesertim in privatis manibus fuit sed fundi parvi et inefficientes esse solent et alimentaria bona rei publicae importationum una e more sunt. [[Oeconomia]] systematica aliquae in oeconomia legata reliquit. Secundum oeconomicas moris theorias, industria magnam operariorum intemperantiam habet. [[Iosephus Broz Tito|Iosepho Broz Tito]] duce, militaris industria in re publica collocata est, et Bosnia magnam Iugoslavicarum defensivarum industriarum portionem hospitio accipiebat.

Tres interethnicorum bellorum anni oeconomiam et Bosniae infrastructuras vastavere, quod exponentiale operis vacationis incrementum et in productione collapsionem 80% attulit, praeter mortem inter 60 000 et 200 000 hominum et coactivam incolarum dimidii translationem. Instabili cum pace in civitate, productio recuperata est magnis cum percentationibus annuis inter annos [[1996]] et [[1998]] sed incrementum substantialiter anno [[1999]] tenuatum est et [[Productus Domesticus Grossus]] sub anni [[1990]] planis manet.

== Demographia ==
Congruenter censui anni [[1991]], Bosniae et Herzegovinae incolae componuntur a:
* 44% [[Bosniaci|Bosniacorum]] ethnicorum (tunc &quot;Musulmanorum&quot; declaratorum),
* 31% [[Serbii|Serbiorum]],
* 17% [[Croatae|Croatarum]]
* 6% incolarum quod se &quot;Iugoslavum&quot; declarat quod mixtorum matrimoniorum filios et Iugoslavos patrioticos includit.

Fortis correlatio inter ethnicam identitatem et [[religio]]nem est: 88% Croatarum [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicum Romanum]] est, 90% Bosniacorum [[Religio Islamica|Islamismum]] sequitur et 99% Serbiorum [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Christianum Orthodoxum]] est.

Secundum anni [[2000]] Agenturae Speculatoriae Centralis Americanae Mundanorum Factorum Librum ([[Anglice]]: ''CIA World Factbook'') data, Bosnia 48% [[Bosniaci|Bosniaca]], 37,1% [[Serbii|Serbica]], 14,3% [[Croatae|Croatica]] et 0,6% aliarum ethnice est.

Praecipuae urbes sunt: [[Seraium]] (vulgo ''Sarajevo''), caput, [[Banialuca]] (vulgo ''Banja Luka''), Boreoccidente, [[Salines]] (vulgo ''Tuzla''), Boreoriente, et [[Martarita]] (vulgo ''Mostar''), [[Herzegovina]]e caput.

=== Religio ===
[[Fasciculus:Church in Međugorje, B-H, June 4th 2007 (1).jpg|thumb|Vicus [[Mesoropolis]], in Bosniae et Herzegovinae meridie, in praesenti mundi locus est qui maximam attentionem attraxit.]]
Summa statisticorum de opinionum religiosarum incolarum distributione in antiquae [[Iugoslavia]]e regione sequens est: 88 centesimae Croatarum ad [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] pertinent, 90% Bosniacorum [[Religio Islamica|Islamismum]] sequuntur, 99% Serborum [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Christianae Orthodoxae]] sunt.

In meridionali Bosniae et Herzegovinae regione, accuratius in vico [[Mesoropolis|Mesoropoli]] (vulgo ''Međugorje''), [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Sanctissimae Virginis Mariae]] apparitiones fieri dicuntur, quod milium hominum in toto mundo attentionem attraxit. [[Ecclesia Catholica]] phaenomena haec adhuc perscrutatur, eorum veritatem comperire conans, sed peregrinorum numerus ad apparitionum locum venientium magis magisque crescit.

== [[Cultura]] ==
=== [[Architectura]] ===
Bosniae et Herzegovinae architectura praesertim quattuor praecipuarum periodorum pondus habet ubi politicae socialesque mutationes dissimilium culturalium et architecturalium morum inter incolas creationem affecerunt. Singula periodos pondus singulum sentire fecit et maiori culturalis architecturalisque expressionis hac in regione diversitati contribuit.

=== [[Litterae]] ===
Bosnia et Herzegovina abundantes litteras habet, poetas velut [[Antonius Brancus Šimić|Antonium Brancum Šimić]], [[Alexa Šantić|Alexam Šantić]], [[Ioannes Dučić|Ioannen Dučić]] et [[Macus Dizdar|Macum Dizdar]] et scriptores velut [[Evus Andrić|Evum Andrić]], [[Machometus Meša Selimović|Machometum Meša Selimović]], [[Brancus Ćopić|Brancum Ćopić]], [[Miliencus Jergović|Miliencum Jergović]], [[Isaac Samokovlija|Isaacum Samokovlija]], [[Abdula Sidran|Abdulam Sidran]], [[Petrus Kočić|Petrum Kočić]] et [[Nedzadus Ibrišimović|Nedzadum Ibrišimović]] includens. Theatrum Nationale anno [[1919]] Seraii conditum est et primus director praeclarus dramaturgus [[Branislavus Nušić]] fuit. Ephemerides velut ''[[Novi Plamen]], [[Most]]'' et ''Sarajevske biljeznice'' prominentissimarum publicationum culturalia litterariaque themata tegentium aliquae sunt.

=== Artes oculorum ===
Visuales in Bosniae et Herzegovina artes semper evolvuntur et extenduntur ex originalibus Mediaevalibus monumentis sepulcralibus ([[Stetsacus]], vulgo ''Stećak'') ad [[Cotromanidae|Cotromanidae dynastiae]] picturas. Nihilo minus, solum cum [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Austro-Hungarorum]] adventu, picturae anagenesis in Bosnia reapse florere coepit. Primi educati artifices ex Europaeis academiis ineunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] apparuerunt. Inter quos sunt: [[Gabriel Jurkić]], [[Petrus Tiješić]], [[Carolus Mijić]], [[Spyrus Bocarić]], [[Petrus Šain]], [[Georgius Mazalić]], [[Romanus Petrović]] et [[Lazarus Drljača]]. Postea tales artifices velut [[Asmatus Mujezinović]], [[Vodzus Dimitrijević]], [[Evus Šeremet]], [[Mica Todorović]] et alii ascendere coeperunt. Post secundum bellum mundanum, artifices sicut [[Vergilius Nevjestić]], [[Bacer Misirlić]], [[Liubus Lah]], [[Meha Sefić]], [[Franciscus Likar]], [[Marsadus Berber]], [[Abraham Ljubović]], [[Dzevadus Hozo]], [[Affanus Ramić]], [[Safvetus Zec]], [[Ismar Mujezinović]], [[Machometus Zaimović]] populares se fecerunt. [[Ars Aevi]], coaetaneae artis museum praeclarorum in mundo artificum opera includens, [[Seraium|Seraii]] condita est.

=== Musica ===
[[Fasciculus:Evstafiev-vedran-smailovic-sarajevo1992w.jpg|thumb|[[Vedranus Smailović]], violoncellista Seraiensis]]

Traditionalia Bosniae et Herzegovinae [[Carmen|cantica]] [[ganga]], [[rera]] et, ex [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanica]] aera, [[seudalinca]] (vulgo ''sevdalinka'') sunt. [[Musica popularis|Popularis]] et [[Musica rock|rockica]] [[musica]] traditionem ibi quoque habet cum illustrissimis musicis inter quos [[Goranus Bregović]], [[Davorinus Popović]], [[Cemal Monteno]], [[Zdraucus Čolić]], [[Edo Maajka]], [[Dinus Merlin]] et [[Tomus Miličević]] sunt. Etiam iniustum talentosorum compositorum aliquos velut [[Georgius Novković|Georgium Novković]], [[Esadus Arnautalić|Esadum Arnautalić]], [[Cornelius Kovač|Cornelium Kovač]], et aliquos popularis rockicaeque musicarum greges sicut [[Bijelo Dugme]], [[Indexi]], [[Plavi Orkestar]], [[Zabranjeno Pušenje]], non memorare esset, qui inter praecipuos in antiqua [[Iugoslavia]] erant. Bosnia compositoris [[Dusanus Šestić|Dusani Šestić]], praesentis Bosniae et Herzegovinae [[hymnus nationalis|hymni nationalis]] creatoris et [[Maria Šestić|Mariae Šestić]] cantricis patris, compositoris [[Sasa Losic|Sasae Losic]] et clavicinis [[Sasa Toperić|Sasae Toperić]] domus est.

Quia paucarum nationum emittentium una [[Saltationis Eurovisionis Certamen]] anni [[2008]] fuit, Bosnia et Herzegovina nationum in primo certamine extra [[Britanniarum Regnum]] anno [[2010]] participantium una futurae putatur.

=== Cinematographia ===
Notabiles Bosnici [[pellicula|cinematographi]] [[Mirza Idrizović]], [[Alexander Jevđević]], [[Ioannes Matić]], [[Danis Tanović]] (notus propter [[Praemia Academiae|Praemium Academiae]] et [[Globus Aureus|Globum Aureum]] assequenda cum &quot;Terra Nullius&quot;, vulgo ''Ničija zemlja''), [[Ademir Kenović]], [[Beniaminus Filipović]], [[Iasminus Dizdar]], [[Petrus Žalica]], [[Dzasmila Žbanić]], [[Dinus Mustafić]], [[Serđanus Vuletić]], inter alios multos sunt.

=== Artes athleticae ===
Maximi ponderis internationalis [[ludus athleticus|athleticus eventus]] in Bosniae et Herzegovinae [[historia]] fuit cum Seraium hospitio [[1984 Olympia Hiemalia|Olympia hiemalia]] a [[7 Februarii|7]] ad [[19 Februarii]] anni [[1984]] accepit.

Bosnia et Herzegovina multos athletas produxerunt. Quorum multi incliti in Iugoslavicis manibus civitatis fuerunt antequam Bosnia et Herzegovina liberatae erant.

Aliqui noti locales [[Olympionices|olympionicae]] fuerunt:
* [[Roma]]nis [[1960 Olympia Aestiva|anni 1960 Olympiis]]: [[Tomislavus Knez]] et [[Velimir Sombolac]] (in [[pediludium|pediludio]]),
* [[Tocio]]nensibus [[1964 Olympia Aestiva|anni 1964 Olympiis]]; [[Mirsadus Fazlagic]] (in [[pediludium|pediludio]]),
* [[Monacum|Monacensibus]] [[1972 Olympia Aestiva|anni 1972 Olympiis]]; [[Abazus Arslanagić]], [[Miloradus Karalić]], [[Neboesa Popović]], [[Georgius Lavrinić]], [[Dobrivoeus Seleć]] (in [[manufollium|manufollio]]),
* [[Moscua|Moscoviticis]] [[1980 Olympia Aestiva|anni 1980 Olympiis]]; [[Mirza Delibašić]] et [[Ratcus Radovanović]] (in [[Canistriludium|canistriludio]]),
* [[Angelopolis|Angelopolitanis]] [[1984 Olympia Aestiva|anni 1984 Olympiis]]; [[Zdraucus Rađenović]], [[Zlatanus Arnautović]] (in [[manufollium|manufollio]]) et [[Antonius Josipović]] (in [[pugilatus|pugilatu]]).

Borac manufollica sodalitas septem Campionatus Nationales Iugoslavicos quoque et Cantharum Campionatus Europaei anni [[1976]] et Cantharum Foederationis Manufollicae Internationalis anni [[1991]] assecutus est. Qui Campionatum Iugoslavicum anno [[1982]], Campionatum Balcaniae anno [[1983]] et Tropaeum [[Belogradum|Belogradense]] anno [[1985]] quoque adeptus est.

[[Sodalitas Canistriludica Bosnia]] (vulgo ''Košarkaški Klub Bosna'') [[Seraium|Seraii]] Campio Europaeus anno [[1979]] fuit. [[Repraesentatio Iugoslavica Canistriludica]] (vulgo ''Jugoslavenska košarkaška reprezentacija''), quae nomismata omnibus in mundanis campionatibus ex anno [[1963]] usque ad [[1990]] consecuta est, ubi inter alios eminent Bosnici athletae velut [[Drazenus Dalipagić]] et [[Mirza Delibašić]]. Bosnia et Herzegovina regulariter se qualificant [[Campionatus Europaeus Canistriludicus|Campionatui Europaeo Canistriludico]]. Jedinstvo [[Canistriludium femineum|canistriludii feminii]] sodalitas, fundata in [[Salines|Salinibus]], Europaeos Campionatus anni [[1979]] [[Florentia]]e assecuta est.

Sodalitas [[Carate|Caratica]] Tuzla-Sinalco plerosque Iugoslavicos campionatus quoque et quattuor Campionatus Europaeos et unum Campionatum Mundanum assecuta est.

Turma [[Scacci|Scaccorum]] Bosnica Campio [[Iugoslavia]]e septies fuit praeter victoriam suam in quattuor Europaeis campionatibus: anno [[1994]] [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]], anno [[1998]] [[Bugoenum|Bugoeni]], anno [[2000]] [[Neum|Nei]] et anno [[2001]] [[Callithea]]e. Sodalitas Scaccorum Borcii Predojević (e [[Teslitsum|Teslitso]] duos Europaeos Campionatus etiam assecuta est: [[Litochoron|Litochori]] (in [[Grecia]]) anno [[1999]] et [[Callithea]]e (in [[Graecia]] quoque) anno [[2001]].

Medii ponderis [[pugilatus|pugil]] [[Marianus Beneš]] varios Campionatus Bosniae et Herzegovinae, Campionatus Iugoslavicos et Campionatus Europaeos assecutus est. Anno [[1978]] Titulum Mundanum contra [[Elisaeus Obeda|Elisaeum Obeda]] [[Insulae Bahamenses|Bahamensem]] assecutus est. Alius medii ponderis pugil, [[Antonius Josipović]], nomisma aureum anno [[1984 Olympia Aestiva|1984 in Olympiis]] [[Angelopolis|Angelopolitanis]] lucratus est.

[[Pediludium]] populo gratissimus ludus athleticus in Bosnia et Herzegovina est. Originem trahit ab anno [[1903]], sed eius popularitas significative crevit post secundum bellum mundanum. Locali plano, Seraium (annis [[1967]] et [[1984]]) et [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|Željezničar]] (anno [[1972]]) Campionatum Iugoslavicum assecuta sunt. Antiqua [[Repraesentatio Iugoslavica Pediludica]] (vulgo ''Jugoslavenska nogometna reprezentacija'') Bosnicorum lusorum numerum inclusit inter quos [[Iosephus Katalinski]], [[Dusanus Bajević]], [[Miroslavus – Cyrus Blažević]], [[Ioannes Osim]], [[Safvetus Sušić]], et [[Mirsadus Fazlagić]].

In pediludio, libera [[Repraesentatio Bosniae et Herzegovinae Pediludica]] (vulgo ''Bosanskohercegovačka nogometna reprezentacija'') non se qualificavit{{dubsig}} nec Europaeo nec Mundano Campionatui. Bosnicae repraesentationes contenderunt ut optimi civitatis pedilusores protraherentur. Multos lusores in Bosnia et Herzegovina nati aliis civitatibus ludere propter suam ethnicam identificationem{{dubsig}} et ob maiora salaria ab aliis turmis oblata eligunt. Verbi gratia, [[Marius Stanić]] et [[Mileus Mitić]] in Bosnia et Herzegovina nati sunt sed [[Croatia]]e et [[Serbia]]e respective ludunt. Alii internationaliter praeclari pedilusores e Bosnia et Herzegovina, qui similes electiones fecerunt, sunt [[Zoranus Savić]], [[Vladimirus Radmanović]], [[Zoranus Planinić]], [[Alexander Nikolić]], [[Savus Milošević]], [[Darius Srna]], [[Vedranus Ćorluka]].

Bosnia et Herzegovina mundana anno [[2004 Paraolympia Aestiva|in Paraolympiis]] [[follis volaticus|follis volatici]] campio fuit. Multi cuius turmae crura in [[Bellum Bosniae|Bello Bosnico]] perdiderunt.

== Gastronomia ==
Bosnica gastronomia multis [[condimentum|condimentis]] sed plerumque in moderatis quantitatibus utitur. Pleraeque patellae leves sunt, quia abundanti in aqua coquuntur, embammata integre naturalia sunt, in paulum plus quam naturalibus [[vegetabilia|vegetabiliorum]] sucis in patella consistentia. Typica elementa [[Lycopersicum|lycopersica]], [[patata]]s, [[cepa]]s, [[allium (genus)|allium]], [[capsicum|capsica]], [[Cucumis sativus|cucumeres]], [[carota]]s, [[brassica]]s, [[fungus|fungos]], [[spinacia]]m, [[Cucurbita pepo|pepones]], [[Phaseolus vulgaris|siccos phaseolos]], virides phaseolos, [[prunus|pruna]], [[lac]], [[piperatum Hungaricum]] et cramum appellatum [[smetana]]m (vulgo ''Pavlaka'') includunt. Bosnica gastronommia inter [[Civilizatio Occidentalis|occidentalia]] [[Civilizatio Orientalis|orientaliaque]] pondera compensatur. Velut [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicae]] administrationis resultatio per fere 500 annorum, Bosnicus cibus arcte conexus [[Turcia|Turcicae]], [[Graecia|Graecae]] et aliis antiquis [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Ottomanicis]] et [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterraneis]] coquinis est. Verumtamen, ob [[Austria]]cae gubernationis annos, multa pondera ex Europa Media sunt. Typicae [[caro|carneae]] patellae praesertim [[bubula]]m et [[agnina]]m includunt. Nonnullae locales specialitates [[tsevapium]], [[burecum]], [[dolma]], [[sarma]], [[pilafum]], [[gulasum]], [[aevarum]] (vulgo ''ćevapi, burek, dolma, sarma, pilaf, goulash, ajvar,'' respective) et tota Orientalium bellariorum varietas sunt. Optima localia [[vinum|vina]] ex [[Herzegovina]] veniunt ubi [[clima]] colendis uvis idoneum est. Herzegovinica [[loza]] ([[Italia|Italicae]] [[grappa]]e similis sed minus dulcis) valde popularis est. [[Prunus|Prunicum]] (vulgo ''šljiva/rakija'') aut [[malum|malinum]] (vulgo ''jabukovaca '') vinum in [[Bosnia (regio)|Bosnia]] producitur. Herzegovinicae fornaculae stillaticiae vastas [[vinum sublimatum|vini sublimati]] quantitates producere solent et omnibus antiquae [[Iugoslavia]]e alcoholis fabricis id praebet (vinum sublimatum plerumque [[alcohol]]icarum [[potio]]num basis est).

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosniam et Herzegovinam}}
{{Grc|Βοσνία καὶ Ἑρσεγοϊνή}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://www.rjecnik.ba Bosnia–Latinam dictionarium]

{{Europa}}
{{Capsae collectae|Bosnia et Herzegovina|politica|{{Legati superiores Bosniae}}{{Primi ministri Bosniae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Bosniaci}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Bosnia et Herzegovina|geographica|{{Sectiones pagique Bosniae et Herzegovinae}}}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Bosnia et Herzegovina| ]]
[[Categoria:Respublicae Foederales]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1992]]
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]</text>
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    <title>Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
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{{videdis|Pompeius (nomen)}}
[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et paucis mensibus mare piratis liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
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[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes êcuniaeque erogationem ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et paucis mensibus mare piratis liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
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[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes êcuniaeque erogationem ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et quadraginta diebus mare piratis liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 91-6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
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[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium adversus piratas daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes êcuniaeque erogationem ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et quadraginta diebus mare piratis liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 91-6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
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[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius,''' appellatus '''Magnus,''' fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10.&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio infeliciter pugnavit qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] reddebat. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium adversus piratas daret: legatos praetorios viginti quinque sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes êcuniaeque erogationem ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et paucis diebus mare piratis liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 91-6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vita ==
Gnaeus Pompeius stirpis senatoriae adolescens, in bello civili se et patrem consilio servavit. [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeii pater]] suo [[Exercitus|exercitui]] ob avaritiam erat invisus; itaque facta est in eum conspiratio. Terentius quidam, Gnaei Pompeii contubernalis, eum occidendum susceperat, dum alii tabernaculum patris incenderent. Quae res iuveni Pompeio cenanti nuntiata est. Ipse nihil periculo motus, solito hilarius bibit, et cum Terentio eadem, qua antea, comitate usus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus, clam subduxit se tentorio, et firmam patri circumposuit custodiam. Terentius tum districtu ense, ad lectum Pompeii accessit, multisque ictibus stragula percussit. Orta mox seditione, Pompeius se in media coniecit agmina, militesque tumultuantes precibus et lacrimis placavit, ac suo duci reconciliavit. Pompeii consul sine collega a senatu nominatus, Caesari aemulus erat.

Pompeius eodem bello civili partes [[Sulla|Sullae]] secutus, ita egit ut ab eo maxime diligeretur. Annos tres et viginti natus, ut Sullae auxilio veniret, paterni exercitus reliquias collegit, statimque dux peritus exstitit. Illius magnus apud militem amor, magna apud omnes admiratio fuit; nullus ei labor taedio, nulla defatigatio molestiae erat. Cibi vinique temperans, somni parcus, inter milites corpus exercebat. Cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis lucta certabat. Tum ad Sullam iter intendit, non per loca devia, sed palam incedens, tres hostium exercitus aut fudit, aut sibi adiunxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad se accedere audivit, egregiamque sub signis iuventutem aspexit, desiliit ex equo, Pompeiumque salutavit imperatorem: deinceps ei venienti solebat assurgere de sella et caput aperire; quem honorem nemini nisi Pompeio tribuebat.

Postea Pompeius in [[Sicilia|Siciliam]] profectus est, ut eam a Carbone Sullae inimico occupatam reciperet. Carbo comprehensus, et ad Pompeium ductus est. Quem Pompeius, postquam acerbe in eum invectus fuisset, ad supplicium duci iussit. Tunc ille, qui ter consul fuerat, demisse ac muliebriter mortem extimuit: voce flebili petiit ut sibi alvum levare liceret, sicque brevem miserrimae vitae usuram rapuit, donec miles morae impatiens caput in sordido loco sedentis amputavit. Longe moderatior fuit Pompeius erga Sthenium Siculae cuiusdam civitatis principem. Cum enim in eam civitatem animadvertere decrevisset qua sibi adversata fuerat, exclamavit Sthenius, eum inique facturum si ob culpam unius omnes plecteret. Interroganti Pompeio quisnam ille unus esset, &quot;Ego, inquit Sthenius, qui meos cives ad id induxi.&quot; Tam libera voce delectatus Pompeius, omnibus et Sthenio ipsi pepercit.

Transgressus inde in [[Africa|Africam]] Pompeius, Iarbam [[Numidia|Numidiae]] regem, qui [[Marius|Marii]] partibus favebat, bello persecutus est. Intra dies quadraginta hostem oppressit, et Africam subegit adolescens quattuor et viginti annorum. Tum ei litterae a Sulla redditae sunt, quibus iubebatur exercitum dimittere, et cum una tantum legione successorem exspectare. Id aegre tulit Pompeius paruit: tamen, et Romam reversus est. Revertenti incredibilis multitudo obviam ivit. Sulla quoque eum laetus excepit, et Magni cognomine appellavit: nihilominus Pompeio triumphum petenti restitit; neque ea re a proposito deterritus est Pompeius; aususque est dicere plures solem orientem adorare, quam occidentem: quo dicto innuebat Sullae potentiam minui, suam vero crescere. Ea voce audita, Sulla iuvenis constantiam admiratus, exclamavit: &quot;Triumphet, triumphet.&quot; A Pompeio militari triumpho perfecto, titulum Magnum accipit.

Metello iam seni et bellum in [[Hispania]] segnius gerenti collega datus est Pompeius, ibique adversus Sertorium vario eventu dimicavit. In quodam proelio maximum subiit periculum: cum enim in eum vir vasta corporis magnitudine impetum fecisset, Pompeius manum hostis amputavit, sed multis in eum concurrentibus, vulnus in femore accepit, et a suis fugientibus desertus in hostium potestate erat. At praeter spem evasit: illi scilicet equum Pompeii auro phalerisque eximiis instructum ceperant. Dum vero praedam inter se altercantes partiuntur, Pompeius illorum manus effugit. Altero proelio, cum [[Metellus]] Pompeio laboranti auxilio venisset, fususque esset Sertorii exercitus, is dixisse fertur: &quot;Nisi ista anus supervenisset, ego hunc puerum verberibus castigatum Romam dimisissem.&quot; Metellum anum appellabat, quia is iam senex ad mollem et effeminatam vitam deflexerat. Tandem Sortorio interfecto, Pompeius Hispaniam recepit.

Cum [[Pirata|piratae]] maria omnia infestarent, et quasdam etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, ad eos opprimendos, cum imperio extraordinario missus est Pompeius. Nimiae viri potentiae obsistebant quidam ex optimatibus, et imprimis Quintus Catulus; qui cum in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Gnaeum Pompeium, sed non esse uni omnia tribuenda, adiecissetque: &quot;Si quid ei acciderit, ecquemnam in eius locum substituetis?&quot;

Acclamavit universa contio: &quot;Te ipsum, Quinte Catule.&quot; Tam honorifico civium testimonio victus Catulus e contione discessit. Pompeius, disposito per omnes maris recessus navium praesidio, brevi terrarum orbem illa peste liberavit; praedones multis locis victos fudit; eosdem in deditionem acceptos in urbibus et agris procul a mari collocavit. Nihil hac victoria celerius; nam intra quadragesimum diem piratas toto mari expulit.

Confecto bello piratico, Gnaeus Pompeius contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] profectus est, et in Asiam magna celeritate contendit. Proelium cum rege conserere cupiebat, neque opportuna dabatur pugnandi facultas, quia Mithridates interdiu castris se continebat, noctu vero haud tutum orat congredi cum hoste in locis ignotis. Quadam tamen noctu Mithridatem Pompeius aggressus est. Luna magno fuit Romanis adiumento: nam cum eam Romani a tergo haberent, umbrae corporum longius proiectae ad primos usque hostium ordines pertinebant; unde decepti regii milites, in umbras tanquam in propinquum hostem tela mittebant. Victus Mithridates in Pontum profugit. Adversus eum filius Pharnaces rebellavit, quia, occisis a patre fratribus, vitae suae ipse timebat. Mithridates a filio obsessus venenum sumpsit, quod cum tardius subiret, quia adversus venena multis antea medicaminibus corpus firmaverat, a milite Gallo volens interfectus est. 

Pompeius deinde Tigranem [[Armenia|Armeniae]] regem, qui Mithridatis partes secutus fuerat, ad deditionem compulit; quem tamen ad genua procumbentem erexit, benignis verbis recreavit, et in regnum restituit, aeque pulchrum esse iudicans et vincere reges et facere. Tandem rebus Asiae compositis in Italiam rediit. Ad urbem venit, non, ut plerique timuerant, armatus, sed demisso exercitu, et tertium triumphum biduo duxit. Insignis fuit multis novis inusitatisque ornamentis hic triumphus; sed nihil illustrius visum, quam quod tribus triumphis tres orbis partes devictae causam praebuerunt Pompeius enim, quod antea contigerat nemini, primo ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumphavit, felix opinione hominum futurus, si quem gloriae, eumdem vitae finem habuisset, neque adversam fortunam esset expertus iam senex. Pompeius effecit ut et magnitudinem et potentiam Senatus augeret.

A [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] anno [[48 a.C.n.]] apud [[Pugna apud Pharsalum|Pharsalum]] victus in [[Aegyptus|Aeqyptum]] fugit, atque die [[28 Septembris]] eiusdem anni, [[Pelusium|Pelusii]] appulsus, necatus est. Inter interfectores et [[Lucius Septimius]] fuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]''
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae''
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
{{Viri Illustres}}
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Compendia paginae</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>De themate fusco</comment>
      <origin>3996010</origin>
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      <text bytes="717" sha1="bgyf23ijd9tk2zeats3zpuvh9dgwknn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 =

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding-bottom: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{titulus|}}}|{{{titulus|}}}|[[Vicipaedia:Compendium|Compendia]]}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	mapping_by_mixing|'''[[:$@]]'''|
	setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|''Inveniamus!''{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Compendia paginae invenienda]]}}|
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	list_values
}}&lt;/div&gt;

}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae cum compendiis]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>Quid dictionaria dicant</comment>
      <origin>3996147</origin>
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      <text bytes="1678" sha1="ij3a9vhkexcbljuy8luey8dewfhj1g5" xml:space="preserve">{{Compendia paginae|VP:C}}

{{Res|Compendium}}{{LTL ref|compendium|727|}}{{L&amp;S ref|compendium}} est nexus brevis qui accessum ad paginas praebet facilem. Paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|spatio nominali]] encyclopaedico non solent fieri compendia, multa autem sunt compendia paginarum quae in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt; iacent.

== De novis compendis creandis ==

Excogitandum dein decernendum est quod nomen (utrum verbum an litterarum series) sit maxime idoneum et in memoria facillime teneatur. Ei oportet esse breve ac litteris capitaneis tantum scriptum.

Cuique spatio nominali est suum peculiare praefixum ({{*eg}} &lt;code&gt;VP:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;A:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, et cetera). Ad novum compendium creandum, quaesumus, sequere hos passus:

# Si studes paginam, {{*eg}}, [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] facere compedii, [[VP:T]] videtur esse bona excogitatio.
# Aperi paginam supra decretam ([[VP:T]]) et ibi scribe:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]

{{De hac redirectione}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Tunc i ad paginam “[[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]” et ibi adde, prae summo capite, formulam &lt;code&gt;{{fnp|Compendia paginae|VP:T}}&lt;/code&gt;. Hoc modo parva arca nomen compedii ostendet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/VP:|Compendia in spatio nominali Vicipaediae]]
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/A:|Compendia in spatio nominali Auxilii]]
* [[:Categoria:Paginae cum compendiis]]
* [[:Categoria:Compendia]]
* {{fn|Compendia paginae}}
* {{fn|Compendia formulae}}
* {{fn|Compendia substitutionis}}</text>
      <sha1>ij3a9vhkexcbljuy8luey8dewfhj1g5</sha1>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Minora</comment>
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      <text bytes="1803" sha1="kho5tkjiwopb5fijpbh87jg3zwvm6gp" xml:space="preserve">{{Compendia paginae|VP:C}}

{{Res|Compendium}}{{LTL ref|compendium|727|}}{{L&amp;S ref|compendium}} est nexus brevis qui accessum ad paginas praebet facilem. Paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|spatio nominali]] encyclopaedico non solent compendia habere, multa autem sunt compendia paginarum quae in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Formula:&lt;/code&gt; iacent.

== De novis compendis creandis ==
Primum excogitandum et decernendum est quod nomen (utrum verbum an litterarum series) sit maxime idoneum et in memoria facillime teneatur. Ei oportet esse breve ac, quum in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, litteris capitaneis tantum scriptum.

Aliquibus spatiis nominalibus sunt sua peculiaria praefixa brevia ({{*eg}} &lt;code&gt;VP:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;A:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, et cetera). Ad novum compendium creandum, quaesumus, sequere hos passus:

# Si studes paginam—{{*eg}} [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]—facere compedii, [[VP:T]] videtur esse bona excogitatio.
# Aperi paginam supra decretam ([[VP:T]]) et ibi scribe:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]

{{De hac redirectione}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Tunc i ad paginam “[[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]” et ibi adde, prae summo capite, formulam &lt;code&gt;{{fnp|Compendia paginae|VP:T}}&lt;/code&gt;. Hoc modo parva arca nomen compedii ostendet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/VP:|Compendia in spatio nominali Vicipaediae]]
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/A:|Compendia in spatio nominali Auxilii]]
* [[:Categoria:Paginae cum compendiis]]
* [[:Categoria:Compendia]]
* {{fn|Compendia paginae}}
* {{fn|Compendia formulae}}
* {{fn|Compendia substitutionis}}</text>
      <sha1>kho5tkjiwopb5fijpbh87jg3zwvm6gp</sha1>
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    <title>Ernestus Guevara</title>
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      <comment>de bello clandestino</comment>
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      <text bytes="12639" sha1="7ng79ymmmt40ftllykersfq7e173zcx" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Che Guevara - Guerrillero Heroico by Alberto Korda.jpg|thumb|''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'' (1960)]]

'''Ernestus Guevara''' ([[Hispanice]]: ''Ernesto Guevara''), sive familiarius '''Che''' (pron. [[IPA|[ˈtʃe]]]), fuit [[medicus]], [[auctor]], [[poëta]], et [[dux militaris]] [[Argentina|Argentinus]], qui magnam partem in [[res novae Cubanae|coniuratione]] egit, quibus peractis in nova republica Cubana muneribus multis et variis fungebatur, inter quae minister [[industria]]e et legatus.

Discipulus medicinae per totam [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] peregrinans, [[paupertas|paupertatem]] illic terribilem intuebatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;RevMedicine&quot;&gt;[http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1960/08/19.htm ''De medicina rerum novarum''] Oratio Guevarae ad Militiam Cubanam. [[19 Augusti]], [[1960]].&lt;/ref&gt; Persuasum ei fuit inaequalitatem [[oeconomia|oeconomicam]] causas primas habere in [[imperialismus|imperialismo]], [[colonialismus|colonialismo]], [[capitalismus|capitalismo]], et [[monopolium|monopoliis]], inde maxime [[rerum novarum cupidus]] factus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;AfroAsian1965&quot;&gt;[http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1965/02/24.htm Guevara Afro-Asian Conference interest.] Acroasis Guevarae in Seminario Secundo Oeconomico pro Afro-Asiana Solidaritate, [[Algeria]]e in [[Algerium|Algerio]], die [[24 Februarii]] [[1965]] habito.&lt;/ref&gt; Praeterea ad promotionem [[alphabetismus|alphabetismi]] conatus est. 

Hac de causa anno [[1953]] operam dare coepit praesidi [[Guatemala]]e [[Iacobus Arbenz Guzmán|Iacobo Arbenz Guzmán]], cuius placita politica in aequalitate oeconomica fundata est. Postea [[Mexicopolis|Mexicopoli]] habitans, [[Fidelis Castro|Fidelem]] et [[Radulphus Castro|Radulphum]] Castro, quibuscum contra [[Fulgentius Batista|Fulgentium Batistam]] in [[Cuba]] bellum gesserunt.

Anno [[1960]], conferentia cum [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre|Sartre]] et [[Simona de Beauvoir]] fecit. 

Die [[11 Decembris]] [[1964]] in [[Communis Conventus Consociationis Nationum|Communi Conventu Consociationis Nationum]], orationem contra imperialismum, colonialismum, et [[neocolonialismus|neocolonialismum]] habuit, cum verbo &quot;''Patria o muerte''&quot; 'Patria aut mors'.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1964/12/11.htm Che Guevara ad Consociationem Nationum,] apud www.marxists.org.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Anno [[1965]], de Cuba in [[Respublica Democratica Congensis|Rempublicam Democraticam Congensem]] frustra profectus est, postea prosperius in [[Bolivia]]m res novas incitatum. In Bolivia, captus est interfectusque.

Fama Guevarae incerta est: sunt qui eum habeant heroem defensoremque iuris populari; alii autem eum interfectorem saevum et immisericordem habent, cum [[violentia]] violentiae causa enamoratum. Quidquid id est, ''[[Time]]'' Guevaram enumeravit inter [[Time 100|100 homines auctoritate gravissimos]] totius [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]]. Photographema ad dexteram monstratum, ab [[Albertus Korda|Alberto Korda]] captum, ''praeclarissimum photographema omnium temporum,''&lt;ref&gt;''Maryland Institute of Art'', via ''BBC News,'' [[26 Maii]] [[2001]].&lt;/ref&gt; in camisiis, poculis, ornamentis, etc. ubique impressis, quod maximo usui est illi capitalismo, quem Guevara tantopero odiit.

== De iuventute ==
[[Fasciculus:Chefamily.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|Familia Guevara (ad sinistram) circa annum [[1940]] congregata. A sinistra sequuntur [[mater]], [[soror]] Celia, Robertus, Ioannes Martinus, [[pater]], et Ana Maria.]]
[[Fasciculus: Casa_Che_Guevara_1.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|Domus ubi Ernestus Guevara natus est.]]
Guevara natus est [[Urbs Rosariensis|Rosarii]] in oppido [[Argentina]]e die [[14 Iunii]] [[1928]], parentibus Ernesto Guevara Linch et Celia de la Serna. Maximus fuit natu [[quinque]] liberorum. Pater [[sanguis|sanguine]] fuit [[Hibernia|Hibernicus]] ac [[Vasconia|Vasconicus]], mater [[Hispania|Hispanica]]. 

Studia ei viridi aetate erant [[photographia|ars photographica]], auctorum variae [[natura]]e lectio (e.g., [[Ioannes London|Ioannis London]], [[Sigismundus Freud|Sigismundi Freud]], [[Carolus Jung|Caroli Jung]], [[Bertrandus Russell|Bertrandi Russell]]) ac poesis: inter poetas quos apprime amabat erat nempe [[Paulus Neruda]]. Ei valde salivam movebat ludum [[harpastum]] ludere, sed eo ludo agitando interdicebat [[asthma]], in quem inciderat. Quamvis anno [[1948]] in [[Universitas Bonaëropolitana|Universitate]] [[Bonaeropolis|Bonaëropolitana]] versatus esset ut officium medici disceret, examinis defunctus, adeptusque testimonium academicum, numquam molitus est mederi.

Anno [[1951]], amico Alberto Granado comitante, in iter per [[America Latina|Americam Meridionalem]] se coniecit, e [[autobirota]] vexus: eo tempore multos commentarios exaravit. E itinerario isto venit clara [[pellicula]] cinematographica, scilicet ''Motocycli commentaria.''

== De stabulatione in [[Guatimalia]] ==

Cum defunctus esset studiis artis medicae, rursus molitus est itinera agere multifariam per [[America Latina|Americam Latinam]], quibus emetiebatur fines [[Bolivia|Bolivicos]], [[Peruvia]]nos, [[Aequatoria]]nos, [[Ora Opulenta|Oraopulentanos]], [[Nicaragua]]nos, [[Honduria]]nos et [[Salvatoria]]nos, usque ad [[Guatimala|Rempublicam Guatemalianam]], ubi album calculum dedit Principe Arbenzi Guzmani novum ordinem politiae instruendum. Cum Principe Guzmani regimen nutavisset et occidisset manu optimatum quorumdam, in quibus etiam versabantur legati quidam [[CIA]]e, Guevara iudicavit necesse esse ordinem parentem placitis Marxianis exquirere ut Americae Australis incolae e ditum praevaricationibus et saevitiis rerumpublicarum finitimarum, in primis [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Amiricae]], se expedirent.

== De rebus novis Cubanis ==
[[Fasciculus: M-26-7.svg|thumb|left|100px|M-26-7 = Motus die 26 Iulii fictus.]]
Anno [[1955]] in amicitiam pervenit cum [[Fidelis Castrus|Fidele Castro]], atque cum diu nocte quadam sermonem seruisset cum eo de rebus Cubanis, ad consilium pervenit arma versus [[Fulgentius Batista|Fulgentium Batistam]], Cubanorum autocratorem, contulere ad liberandam rempublicam. Deinceps, eum in finem, in motu M-26-7 (i.e., Motus 26 Iulii) haesit.
[[Fasciculus: Che_SClara.jpg| thumb|Guevara in provincia [[Sancta Clara (provincia Cubana)|Sancta Clara]] in urbe pugnat.]]

Commentae cum fuissent Res Novae Cubanae perpetrandae, in agmen seditiosum a Fidele Castro Ernestus arcessitus est. Ventum igitur est ad oras maritimas Cubanas: ibi [[exercitus]] Castri Ernestique extemplo arma movit adversus Batistae copias; inde seditiosi in pedes se coniecerunt ut in fastigia [[mons|montium]] fugerent, quod magna pars eorum pugnans occiderant sive in carcerem coniecti erant. Ibi, in montibus [[Sierra Maestra]] appellatis, homines Castri Ernestique bellum contra Batistae regimen protulerunt. Postremis diebus Decembris [[1958]] exeuntis, cum agmine suo Ernestus Guevara arma vehementer contulit adversus copias Reipublicae in Sancta Clara atque, cum Batista animadvertisset suos moliri seorsum pacem cum seditiosis componere, in pedes se coniecit. Urbs [[Havana]] vi capta, clavus reipublicae brevi penes ducem Fidelium Castrum, qui politiam parentem [[socialismus|socialismo]] constituit.
[[Fasciculus: Fidel_Castro_-_MATS_Terminal_Washington_1959.jpg|left|thumb|Fidelis Castro [[Vasingtonia]]e.]]

== De honoribus Cubanis et de egressione a Cuba ==
Postquam creatus erat mensae publicae ac rerum rusticorum magister, Ernestus Guevara factus est quaestor manufacturarum. Legatus Cubanus missus est ad [[Illyricum]] atque comitatus est circa oppidum [[Tarsatica]]m ut manufacturas regionis conspiceretur. Adeptus est civitatem Cubanam pro adiumentum ad Rebus Novibus. Album calculum addidit ad Cubam moeniendam telis nuclearibus versus [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]].

Postquam multum orbis gentium ita [[capitalismus|capitalismo]] ita [[Marxismus|Marxismo]] parens emensus erat, coepit censere Res Cubanas gerendas esse mediis aliis quam Castrus suique uti solebant. Exempli gratia, [[URSS]] despiciebat et [[Sinae (regio)|Sinas]] admirabatur, e [[diameter|diametro]] adversus a Castri animo.

At non in proclivi nobis est discernere, utrum ultro Ernestus e Cuba exierit, an ad eum consilium truserit Castrus. Forsitan, enim, ut multis videtur, Castrus coepit vereri ne Guevara clarior eo evasisset: sic strenue collineret ab eo se expediri. Anno [[1965]]—remotae sint aliae cogitationes!— Guevara cum ingente vi Cubana missus est ad fines [[Africa|Africos]] commendae causae novatorum [[Congo]]liensium. At, ita adversatione rerumpublicarum [[Europa]]earum, ita disputationibus intra seditiosos Congolienses, nullum novi in [[Respublica Democratica Congensis|Congo]] actum est.

== De bellulo Bolivico ==
Guevara rursus principe Cubano Castro postulante, a Cuba ablegatus ad fines [[Bolivia|Bolivicos]] missus est, ut defungeret mente rerum novarum omnia in America Australi eiciendarum. Quocirca, postquam ventum erat in Boliviam, longe Guevara versabatur in [[oppidum|oppido]] a Castro instructo ut bellatores seditiosos pararet. Exercitus seditiosus, quo praeret Guevara, ELN [[Hispanice]] appellatus erat ''Ejèrcito de Liberaciòn Nacionàl de Bolvia,'' 'Exercitus ad liberanandam Boliviam praepositus'.
[[Fasciculus: CheinBolivia1.jpg|thumb|Guevara in Bolivia.]]

Cum multitudine apprime abundabant hostes, Guevarae vero agmen in sexaginta hominibus aegre constabat, consilium Guevarae erat [[bellum clandestinum|belluli]] ([[Hispanice]] ''guerilla'') utendi. Cum pugnaret cum copibus principis Bolivici Ortuni, Guevara captus in carcerem in [[schola]] quadam situm coniectus est. Hic neci datus est die [[9 Octobris]] [[1967]], manu [[centurio]]nis copiarum reipublicae Marii Terani.

=== Opera ab Ernesto Guevara scripta ===
{{Pars vicificanda}}
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1965]]. &quot;Che Guevara's Farewell Letter.&quot;&lt;!--?--&gt;
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1967]]a. &quot;Diario (Bolivia).&quot; Annis 1966–1967 scriptum.
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1967]]b. &quot;English Translation of Complete Text of his Message to the Tricontinental.&quot;
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1969]]. ''Che: Selected Works of Ernesto Guevara.'' Edd. Rolando E. Bonachea et Nelson P. Valdés. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52016-8.
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1972]]. ''Pasajes de la guerra revolucionaria.''
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1995]]. ''Motorcycle Diaries.'' Londini: Verso Books. 
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[1996]]. ''Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War 1956–1958.'' Ed. Mary Alice Waters. Novi Eboraci: Pathfinder. ISBN 0-87348-824-5. 
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[2000]]. ''The African Dream.'' Convertit Patrick Camiller. Novi Eboraci: Grove Publishers. ISBN 0-8021-3834-9.
* Guevara, Ernesto &quot;Che.&quot; [[2005]]. &quot;Socialism and man in Cuba&quot;&lt;!-- (First published March 12, 1965 as &quot;From Algiers, for Marcha. The Cuban Revolution Today&quot;). Che Guevara Reader. (1997). Ocean Press. ISBN 1-875284-93-1.--&gt;
* Guevara, Ernesto. [[2009]]. ''Che: The Diaries of Ernesto Che Guevara.'' Ocean Press. ISBN 1-920888-93-4.
* Guevara Lynch, Ernesto. [[2000]]. ''Aquí va un soldado de América.'' Barcelonae: Plaza y Janés Editores, S.A. ISBN 84-01-01327-5. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


== Bibliographia ==
* Jon Lee Anderson, ''Che Guevara: a revolutionary life''. Novi Eboraci: Bantam, 1997. ISBN 0-593-03403-1

{{NexInt}}
* ''[[Che (pellicula 2008)|Che]]'' (pellicula, 2008)
* ''[[Che! (pellicula 1969)|''Che!'']]'' (pellicula, 1969)
* ''[[Diarios de motocicleta]] (pellicula [[2004]])
* [[Fidelis Castro]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{communia|Che Guevara|Ernestum Guevara}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427043409/http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/Che/canciones.htm Carmina (mp3),] apud www.sancristobal.cult.cu
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110910062142/http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/Che/Index.htm Che, Guía y Ejemplo,] apud www.sancristobal.cult.cu
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060520072317/http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/che/Galeria1.HTM Photographemata,] apud www.sancristobal.cult.cu
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426072003/http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/Che/Videos.HTM Videos,] apud www.sancristobal.cult.cu

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guevara, Ernestus }}
[[Categoria:Nati 1928]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1967]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Bonaeropolitanae]]
[[Categoria:Fidelis Castro]]
[[Categoria:Contracultura annorum 1960]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Guevara|!]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Cubae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Argentinae]]
[[Categoria:Medici Argentinae]]
[[Categoria:Rerum novarum cupidi]]

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    <title>23 Octobris</title>
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      <text bytes="8469" sha1="psww6411unsxpvyc5ake38vcbkg5cnv" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendarium-Octobris}}

'''23 Octobris''' est [[dies]] 296ª anni (297ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bissextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 69 dies manent.

Secundum [[Calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem decimum Kalendas Novembres''', quod ''a. d. X Kal. Nov.'' abbreviatur.

[[Fasciculus:Pauwels Casteels - The Death of Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.61|[[Proelium iuxta Philippos commissum]]]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 1 a.C.n. ===
* [[42 a.C.n.]] - [[Proelium iuxta Philippos commissum|Proelio]] iuxta [[Philippi|Philippos]] commisso [[Marcus Iunius Brutus]] et [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]], interfectores [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]], a militibus [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviani]] atque [[Marcus Antonius|Marci Antonii]] [[Triumviratus|triumvirorum]] vincuntur et sibi mortem consciscunt. 

=== Saeculo 5 ===
* [[424]] - [[Valentinianus III]] quinque annos natus a consobrino [[Theodosius II|Theodosio II]] [[Thessalonica]]e ''Caesar'' nominatur.
* [[425]] - Valentinianus III sex annos natus a consobrino Theodosio II [[Roma]]e ''Augustus'' nominatur.

=== Saeculo 6 ===
* [[585]] - Synodus [[Matisco]]nis vectigal &quot;decenia&quot; in [[Regnum Francorum|regno Francorum]] solvendum esse primo decernit.

=== Saeculo 8 ===
* [[787]] - [[Nicaea (Turcia)|Nicaeae]] [[Concilium Nicaenum Secundum]] finitur.

=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1520]] - [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]] [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolus V]] [[Rex Romanorum]] coronatur.

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1707]] - [[Parlamentum Britannicum]] [[Anglia]]e et [[Scotia]]e regnis coniunctis primo convenit.

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1862]] - [[Otho (rex Graeciae)|Otho]] rex [[Graecia]]e per seditionem expellitur. Una cum praeside ministrorum [[Gennaeus Colocotrones|Gennaeo Colocotrone]] in exilium fugit. [[Primi ministri Graeciae|Primus minister]] pro tempore [[Demetrius Bulgares]] nominatur.
* [[1868]] - [[Aetas Meiji]] in [[Iaponia]] post [[Restauratio Meiji|restaurationem Meiji]] incipit.
* [[1894]] - [[Leo de Caprivi]], cancellarius [[Germania|Germanicus]], a magistratu recedit.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1930]] - [[Fuad I (rex Aegypti)|Fuad I]], rex [[Aegyptus|Aegypti]], novam constitutionem promulgans se ipsum dictatorem facit.
* [[1940]] - In [[Hendaye]] oppido [[Adolfus Hitler]] et [[Franciscus Franco]] conveniunt. Frustra Hitler duci [[Hispania]]e persuadere conat, ut Hispania [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II|Bello Orbis Terrarum II]] interfutura esset.
* [[1943]] - [[Cassala]], urbs Germaniae, impetu maximo pyroboletarum alligatorum deletur.
* [[1954]] - [[Pax Parisiensis (1954)|Pax Parisiensis]] de statu [[Res publica foederata Germaniae|rei publicae foederatae Germaniae]] agens decernitur.
* [[1955]] - Incolae [[Saravia]]e suffragio propositum [[Francia]]e de terra Europaea Saravia facienda repellunt. [[Ioannes Hoffmann]], praeses ministrorum, qui proposito favebat, a magistratu recedit.
* [[1956]] - [[Res Novae Hungaricae anno 1956|Res Novae Hungaricae]] fiunt.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2001]] - [[Apple Inc.]] apparatum [[Ipodium]] publicat.
* [[2004]] - [[Terrae motus]] magnitudinis 6.8 in [[Niigata (praefectura)|Niigata]], praefectura Iaponiae, fit; sex milia tectorum delentur.
* [[2011]]
**[[Motus Libycus anni 2011]] finitur.
**Terrae motus magnitudinis 7.1 in [[Turcia]] orientali fit; 604 homines necantur.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1532]] - [[Ioachim Cureus]], [[theologus]], [[scriptor]] etiam [[rerum gestarum scriptor|rerum gestarum]] et [[medicus]] Germanicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1573]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1715]] - [[Petrus II (imperator Russiae)|Petrus II]], [[imperatores Russiae|imperator Russiae]] (mortuus [[1730]])
* [[1796]] - [[Stephanus Franscini]], vir publicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus [[1857]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1801]] - [[Albertus Lortzing]], compositor Germanicus (mortuus anno [[1851]])
* [[1805]] - [[Adalbertus Stifter]], scriptor, pictor et paedagogus [[Austria]]cus (†&amp;nbsp;1868)
* [[1817]] - [[Petrus Larousse]], lexicographicus, excyclopaedista et paedagogus [[Francia|Francicus]] (mortuus anno [[1875]]) 
* [[1835]] - [[Adli Ewing Stevenson I]], politicorum peritus [[CFA|Americanus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1914]]))
* [[1844]] - [[Gulielmus Leibl]], pictor Germanicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1900]])
* [[1857]] - [[Ioannes Luna]], pictor [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] (mortuus anno [[1899]])
* [[1868]] - [[Alfredus Mond]], iuris consultus et politicus Britannicus (mortuus anno 1930)
* [[1876]] - [[Franciscus Schlegelberger]], vir publicus Germanicus factionis [[NSDAP]] (mortuus anno [[1970]])
* [[1890]] - [[Eberhardus Wildermuth]] vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[FDP]] (mortuus anno [[1952]])
* 1894 - [[Ludgerius Westrick]], vir publicus Germanicus factionis [[CDU]] (mortuus anno [[1990]])
* [[1896]] - [[Romanus Jakobson]], linguista [[Russia|Russicus]] et Americanus (mortuus [[1982]])
* 1899 - [[Tarcisius Vincentius Benedetti]], sacerdos Carmelitarum discalceatorum et [[episcopus]] ([[Dioecesis Laudensis|Laudensis]]) (mortuus anno [[1972]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1905]] - [[Felix Bloch]], physicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]], [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus (mortuus anno [[1983]])
* [[1908]] - [[Elias Frank]], physicus [[URSS|Sovieticus]], praemio Nobeliano physicae affectus (mortuus anno [[1990]])
* [[1940]] - [[Pele (pedilusor)|Pele]], pedilusor [[Brasilia]]nus (mortuus anno [[2022]])
* [[1942]] - [[Michael Crichton]], scriptor Americanus (mortuus anno [[2008]])
* [[1954]] - [[Ang Lee]], moderator cinematographicus [[Taivania|Taivanicus]]
* [[1957]] - [[Paulus Kagame]], praeses [[Ruanda]]e
* [[1959]] - [[Alfredus Yankovic]], [[cantor]] Americanus carminum [[satyrus|satyricorum]]
* [[1964]] - [[Robertus Trujillo]], musicus Americanus gregis &quot;[[Metallica]]&quot;
* [[1971]] - [[Bohuslaus Sobotka]], primus minister [[Cechia]]e
* [[1974]] - [[Aravind Adiga]], diurnarius et scriptor [[India|Indicus]]
* [[1976]] - [[Ryan Reynolds]], [[histrio|actor]] [[Canada|Canadiensis]]
* [[1982]] - [[Alexander Lukovic]], pedilusor [[Serbia|Serbicus]] 
* [[1985]] - [[Masiela Lusha]], actrix, [[moderator cinematographicus|moderatrix cinematographica]] et [[poëtria]] Americana
* [[1986]] - [[Aemilia Clarke]], actrix Anglica
* [[1996]] - [[Ronaldo]], pedilusor Brasilianus

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 1 a.C.n. ===
* [[42 a.C.n.]] - Marcus Iunius Brutus, senator Romanus (*&amp;nbsp;[[85 a.C.n.]])

=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1456]] - [[Ioannes Capistranus]], Franciscanus, presbyter, orator et dux exercitus sanctus (*&amp;nbsp;[[1386]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1869]] - [[Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley]], primus minister Britanniarum Regni (natus anno [[1799]])
* [[1872]] - [[Theophilus Gautier]], scriptor Francicus (natus anno [[1811]])
* [[1874]] - [[Abraham Geiger]], rabinus et doctus Germanicus, qui [[Religio Iudaica|religionis Iudaicae]] emendationi favebat (natus anno [[1810]])
* [[1893]] - [[Alexander I (princeps Bulgariae)|Alexander Iosephus de Battenberg]], primus princeps [[Bulgaria]]e (natus anno [[1857]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1910]] - [[Chulalongkorn (rex Siamensium)|Chulalongkorn]], rex [[Thailandia|Siamensis]] (natus anno [[1853]])
* [[1944]] - [[Carolus Glover Barkla]], physicus Britannicus, praemio Nobeliano physicae affectus (natus anno [[1877]])
* [[1956]] - [[Augustus Kubizek]], amicus aequalis Adolphi Hitler, qui multa - sed dubia - de amico tradidit (natus anno [[1888]])
* [[1958]] - [[Ericus Köhler]], vir publicus Germaniae et sodalis primo [[Factio Popularis Germanica|Factionis Popularis Germanicae]] (DVP), deinde Christianae Democraticae Unionis Germaniae (CDU) (natus anno [[1892]])
* [[1962]] - [[Henricus Drury Hatfield]], gubernator [[Virginia Occidentalis|Virginiae Occidentalis]] (natus anno 1875)
* [[1966]] - [[Clara McDowell]], actrix Americana (nata anno 1877)
* [[1986]] - [[Eduardus Adelbertus Doisy]], biochemicus Americanus (natus anno [[1893]])

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2005]] - [[Ioannes Fraser Muth]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus (natus anno 1930)
* 2011 - [[Carolus-Henricus Spilker]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[CSU]] (natus anno [[1921]])
* [[2014]] - [[Tullius Regge]], physicus [[Italia|Italicus]] (natus anno [[1931]])

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dies Chulalongkorn (Thailandia)
* Dies Rei publicae (Hungaria)
* Festum Sancti Ioannis Capistrani (ecclesia catholica)

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|23 October}}

{{menses}}

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      <parentid>3995711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:28:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bis-Taurinus</username>
        <id>70496</id>
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      <comment>Imaginem addidi.</comment>
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      <text bytes="7573" sha1="eaa33zvky2pmz6vivcdnaw53e1tjh17" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendarium-Octobris}}

'''21 Octobris''' est [[dies]] 294ª anni (295ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 71 dies manent.

Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres''', quod ''a.d. XII Kal. Nov.'' abbreviatur.

[[Fasciculus:Konon.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.45]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[686]] - [[Conon (papa)|Conon]] [[papa]] fit.

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Trafalgaris Pugna]] inter classem [[Britanniarum Regnum|Briticannicam]] et classem mixtam [[Francia|Francicam]] [[Hispania|Hispanicamque]] fit. Britannici vincunt.
* [[1888]] - [[Factio socialistica Helvetica]] constituitur.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1916]] - [[Fridericus Adler]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus factionis [[Socialis Democratica Factio Austriae|Socialis Democraticae]], Austriae primum ministrum [[Carolus Stürgkh|Carolum Stürgkh]] necat.
* [[1945]] - In Francia mulieres [[suffragium universale|suffragiorum ius]] obtinent.
* [[1969]] 
** [[Gulielmus Brandt]] primus sodalis factionis [[SPD]] cancellarius foederalis [[Germania]]e eligitur.
** [[Subitanea rerum conversio]] in [[Somalia]] fit.
* [[1983]] - Definitio nova [[metrum|metri]] per [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis]] in [[vacuum|vacuo]] decernitur.
* [[1986]] - [[Charta Africana de iuribus hominum populorumque]] adoptatur.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2012]] - [[Fridericus Kuhn]] primus vir publicus factionis [[Foedus 90/Virides|Foederis 90/Viridum]] praefectus urbis capitis terrae cuiusdam foederalis Germaniae - [[Stutgardia]]e enim - eligitur.
* [[2025]] - [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix [[Iaponia]]e eligitur; primum femina prima ministrix Iaponiae est.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1449]] - [[Georgius (dux Clarentiae)|Georgius]], dux Clarentiae (mortuus anno [[1478]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1672]] - [[Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius]], [[presbyter]] et praeclarus [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]] (mortuus [[1750]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1772]] - [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[poeta]] et philosophus [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (mortuus anno [[1834]])
* [[1790]] - [[Alphonsus de Lamartine]], poeta et vir publicus Francicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1869]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1833]] - [[Alfredus Nobel]], [[chemicus]] , [[inventor]] et magister officinarum [[Suecia|Suecicus]] (mortuus [[1896]])
* [[1837]] - [[Iacobus Beaver]], gubernator [[Pennsilvania]]e (mortuus anno [[1914]])
* [[1846]] - [[Edmundus De Amicis]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1908])
* [[1847]]
** [[Eduardus Brandes]], [[scriptor]] [[Dania|Danicus]] (mortuus anno [[1931]])
** [[Iosephus Giacosa]], poeta, praecipue theatri lyrici [[libellus|libellorum]] scriptor et [[histrio]] Italicus (mortuus anno [[1906]])
* [[1862]] - [[Francus Edwinus Scott]], pictor [[CFA|Americanus]] (mortuus anno [[1929]])
* [[1874]] - [[Henricus Guisan]], dux militum [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus anno [[1960]])
* [[1876]] - [[Petrus Stubmann]], vir publicus Germanicus et praeses ministrorum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e (mortuus anno [[1962]])
* [[1895]] - [[Edna Purviance]], [[histrio|actrix]] Americana (mortua anno [[1958]])
* 1896 - [[Eugenius Švarc]], scriptor et dramaturgus [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus 1958)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Michael Kuprijanov]], pictor imaginum depravatarum Sovieticus (mortuus [[1991]])
* [[1912]] - [[Georgius Solti]], [[concentus magister]] [[Hungaria|Hungaro]]-Britannicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1997]])
* [[1914]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], Americanus [[polymathes]] et scriptor rerum [[mathematica]]rum et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]rum (mortuus anno [[2010]])
* [[1917]] - [[Dizzy Gillespie]], musicus et cantor iazensis Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1993]])
* [[1918]] - [[Hulett Carlson Smith]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] (mortuus anno 2012)
* [[1921]] 
**[[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et concentus magister Anglicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2006]])
**[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]], astronoma Nederlandica (mortua anno [[2015]])
* [[1927]] - [[Leo Kirch]], homo negotiosus Germanicus, ad quem multa [[diarium|diaria]] et periodica pertinebant (mortuus anno [[2011]])
* 1929 - [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], scriptrix Americana (mortua anno [[2018]])
* [[1942]] - [[Christophorus A. Sims]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum|praemio Nobeliano scientiarum oeconomiarum]] affectus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2026]])
* [[1944]] - [[Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage]], chemicus Francicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus 
* [[1945]] - [[Nicetas Michalkov]], actor ac moderator cinematographicus Sovieticus et [[Russia|Russicus]].
* [[1949]] - [[Beniaminus Netanjahu]], primus minister [[Israel]]is.
* [[1953]] - [[Petrus Mandelson]], [[politicus]] Britannicus et socius [[Domus Dominorum (Britannia)|Aulae Dominorum]] in [[Parlamentum Britannicum|Parlamento Regni Uniti]]
* [[1956]] - [[Carolina Fisher]], actrix Americana (mortua anno [[2016]])
* [[1957]] - [[Volfgangus Ketterle]], physicus Germanicus [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus 
* [[1958]] - [[Andreas Geim]], physicus [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] et Britannicus, natus in Russia, praemio Nobeliano physicae affetus 
* [[1960]] - [[Ricardus Benyon]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]].
* [[1965]] - [[Evan Harris]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]].
* [[1980]] - [[Kim Kardashian]], ostentatrix et personalitas televisionis Americana 
* [[1981]] - [[Nemanja Vidić]], pedilusor [[Serbia|Serbicus]].

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1422]] - [[Carolus VI (rex Franciae)|Carolus VI]], rex Franciae (natus anno [[1368]])

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1505]] - [[Paulus Scriptoris]], [[Franciscani|Franciscanus]] et [[theologus]] Germanicus (natus circa annum [[1460]])
* [[1587]] - [[Iohannes Wigand]], theologus [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]] (natus circa annum [[1523]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Horatius Nelson]], praefectus classis Britanniae (natus [[1758]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Huldericus Köhler]], rerum gestarum scriptor Germanicus (natus anno [[1838]])
* 1929 - [[Basilius Radoslavov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1854]])
* 1931 - [[Arthurus Schnitzler]], scriptor Austriacus etiam fabularum scaenicarum (natus anno 1862)
* [[1940]] - [[Gulielmus Gustavus Conley]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Republicana (CFA)|Republicanae]] (natus anno [[1866]])
* [[1980]] - [[Vulko Cervenkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1900]])
* [[1984]] - [[Franciscus Truffaut]], [[histrio|actor]] pellicularum factor ac [[moderator cinematographicus]] Francicus (natus [[1932]]).
* [[1998]] - [[Franciscus Gulielmus Sargent]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&amp;nbsp;[[1915]])

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2003]] - [[Elliott Smith]], musicus et compositor Americanus (natus anno 1969)
* [[2012]] - [[Georgius McGovern]], vir publicus Americanus (natus anno 1922)
* [[2014]] - [[Gough Whitlam]], primus minister [[Australia]]e (natus anno 1916)
* [[2021]] - [[Bernardus Haitink]], concentus magister Nederlandicus; natus anno [[1929]].
* [[2022]] - [[Masato Kudo]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]; natus anno [[1990]].

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dies Trafalgar ([[Britanniarum regnum]])

{{menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996005</id>
      <parentid>3995991</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:28:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bis-Taurinus</username>
        <id>70496</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Solitas emendationes feci.</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7761" sha1="rkixa8is5fe0j6ojppbn4t9r1q3f2uy" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendarium-Octobris}}

'''21 Octobris''' est [[dies]] 294ª anni (295ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 71 dies manent.

Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres''', quod ''a.d. XII Kal. Nov.'' abbreviatur.

[[Fasciculus:Konon.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.45]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[686]] - [[Conon (papa)|Conon]] [[papa]] fit.

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Trafalgaris Pugna]] inter classem [[Britanniarum Regnum|Briticannicam]] et classem mixtam [[Francia|Francicam]] [[Hispania|Hispanicamque]] fit. Britannici vincunt.
* [[1888]] - [[Factio socialistica Helvetica]] constituitur.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1916]] - [[Fridericus Adler]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus factionis [[Socialis Democratica Factio Austriae|Socialis Democraticae]], Austriae primum ministrum [[Carolus Stürgkh|Carolum Stürgkh]] necat.
* [[1945]] - In Francia mulieres [[suffragium universale|suffragiorum ius]] obtinent.
* [[1969]] 
** [[Gulielmus Brandt]] primus sodalis factionis [[SPD]] cancellarius foederalis [[Germania]]e eligitur.
** [[Subitanea rerum conversio]] in [[Somalia]] fit.
* [[1983]] - Definitio nova [[metrum|metri]] per [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis]] in [[vacuum|vacuo]] decernitur.
* [[1986]] 
** [[Charta Africana de iuribus hominum populorumque]] adoptatur.
** [[Insulae Marsalienses]] a [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] liberae fiunt.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2012]] - [[Fridericus Kuhn]] primus vir publicus factionis [[Foedus 90/Virides|Foederis 90/Viridum]] praefectus urbis capitis terrae cuiusdam foederalis Germaniae - [[Stutgardia]]e enim - eligitur.
* [[2025]] - [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix [[Iaponia]]e eligitur; primum femina prima ministrix Iaponiae est.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1449]] - [[Georgius (dux Clarentiae)|Georgius]], dux Clarentiae (mortuus anno [[1478]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1672]] - [[Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius]], [[presbyter]] et praeclarus [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]] (mortuus [[1750]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1772]] - [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[poeta]] et philosophus [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (mortuus anno [[1834]])
* [[1790]] - [[Alphonsus de Lamartine]], poeta et vir publicus Francicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1869]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1833]] - [[Alfredus Nobel]], [[chemicus]] , [[inventor]] et magister officinarum [[Suecia|Suecicus]] (mortuus [[1896]])
* [[1837]] - [[Iacobus Beaver]], gubernator [[Pennsilvania]]e (mortuus anno [[1914]])
* [[1846]] - [[Edmundus De Amicis]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1908]])
* [[1847]]
** [[Eduardus Brandes]], [[scriptor]] [[Dania|Danicus]] (mortuus anno [[1931]])
** [[Iosephus Giacosa]], poeta, praecipue theatri lyrici [[libellus|libellorum]] scriptor et [[histrio]] Italicus (mortuus anno [[1906]])
* [[1862]] - [[Francus Edwinus Scott]], pictor Americanus (mortuus anno [[1929]])
* [[1874]] - [[Henricus Guisan]], dux militum [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus anno [[1960]])
* [[1876]] - [[Petrus Stubmann]], vir publicus Germanicus et praeses ministrorum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e (mortuus anno [[1962]])
* [[1895]] - [[Edna Purviance]], [[histrio|actrix]] Americana (mortua anno [[1958]])
* 1896 - [[Eugenius Švarc]], scriptor et dramaturgus [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus 1958)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Michael Kuprijanov]], pictor imaginum depravatarum Sovieticus (mortuus [[1991]])
* [[1912]] - [[Georgius Solti]], [[concentus magister]] [[Hungaria|Hungaro]]-Britannicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1997]])
* [[1914]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], Americanus [[polymathes]] et scriptor rerum [[mathematica]]rum et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]rum (mortuus anno [[2010]])
* [[1917]] - [[Dizzy Gillespie]], musicus et cantor iazensis Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1993]])
* [[1918]] - [[Hulett Carlson Smith]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] (mortuus anno 2012)
* [[1921]] 
**[[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et concentus magister Anglicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2006]])
**[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]], astronoma Nederlandica (mortua anno [[2015]])
* [[1926]] - [[Leo Kirch]], homo negotiosus Germanicus, ad quem multa [[diarium|diaria]] et periodica pertinebant (mortuus anno [[2011]])
* 1929 - [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], scriptrix Americana (mortua anno [[2018]])
* [[1942]] - [[Christophorus A. Sims]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum|praemio Nobeliano scientiarum oeconomiarum]] affectus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2026]])
* [[1944]] - [[Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage]], chemicus Francicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus 
* [[1945]] - [[Nicetas Michalkov]], actor ac moderator cinematographicus Sovieticus et [[Russia|Russicus]].
* [[1949]] - [[Beniaminus Netanjahu]], primus minister [[Israel]]is
* [[1953]] - [[Petrus Mandelson]], [[politicus]] Britannicus et socius [[Domus Dominorum (Britannia)|Aulae Dominorum]] in [[Parlamentum Britannicum|Parlamento Regni Uniti]]
* [[1956]] - [[Carolina Fisher]], actrix Americana (mortua anno [[2016]])
* [[1957]] - [[Volfgangus Ketterle]], physicus Germanicus [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus 
* 1958 - [[Andreas Geim]], physicus [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] et Britannicus, natus in Russia, praemio Nobeliano physicae affetus 
* [[1960]] - [[Ricardus Benyon]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]].
* [[1965]] - [[Evan Harris]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]]
* [[1980]] - [[Kim Kardashian]], ostentatrix et personalitas televisionis Americana 
* [[1981]] - [[Nemanja Vidić]], pedilusor [[Serbia|Serbicus]]

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1422]] - [[Carolus VI (rex Franciae)|Carolus VI]], rex Franciae (natus anno [[1368]])

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1505]] - [[Paulus Scriptoris]], [[Franciscani|Franciscanus]] et [[theologus]] Germanicus (natus circa annum [[1460]])
* [[1587]] - [[Iohannes Wigand]], theologus [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]] (natus circa annum [[1523]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Horatius Nelson]], praefectus classis Britanniae (natus [[1758]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Huldericus Köhler]], rerum gestarum scriptor Germanicus (natus anno [[1838]])
* 1929 - [[Basilius Radoslavov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1854]])
* 1931 - [[Arthurus Schnitzler]], scriptor Austriacus etiam fabularum scaenicarum (natus anno 1862)
* [[1940]] - [[Gulielmus Gustavus Conley]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Republicana (CFA)|Republicanae]] (natus anno [[1866]])
* [[1980]] - [[Vulko Cervenkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1900]])
* [[1984]] - [[Franciscus Truffaut]], [[histrio|actor]] pellicularum factor ac [[moderator cinematographicus]] Francicus (natus [[1932]])
* [[1998]] - [[Franciscus Gulielmus Sargent]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&amp;nbsp;[[1915]])

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2003]] - [[Elliott Smith]], musicus et compositor Americanus (natus anno 1969)
* [[2012]] - [[Georgius McGovern]], vir publicus Americanus (natus anno 1922)
* [[2014]] - [[Gough Whitlam]], primus minister [[Australia]]e (natus anno 1916)
* [[2021]] - [[Bernardus Haitink]], concentus magister Nederlandicus (natus anno 1929)
* [[2022]] - [[Masato Kudo]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] (natus anno [[1990]])

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dies Trafalgar ([[Britanniarum regnum]])
* Festum [[Hilarion (abbas)|Sancti Hilarionis]], abbatis (ecclesiae orthodoxae, calendarium Romanae ecclesiae antiquum)

{{menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996018</id>
      <parentid>3996005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T14:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bis-Taurinus</username>
        <id>70496</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Solitas</comment>
      <origin>3996018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7755" sha1="86rgithjkjytzxsp8s04cgbodcewms8" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendarium-Octobris}}

'''21 Octobris''' est [[dies]] 294ª anni (295ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 71 dies manent.

Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres''', quod ''a.d. XII Kal. Nov.'' abbreviatur.

[[Fasciculus:Konon.jpg|left|upright=0.30]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[686]] - [[Conon (papa)|Conon]] [[papa]] fit.

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Trafalgaris Pugna]] inter classem [[Britanniarum Regnum|Briticannicam]] et classem mixtam [[Francia|Francicam]] [[Hispania|Hispanicamque]] fit. Britannici vincunt.
* [[1888]] - [[Factio socialistica Helvetica]] constituitur.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1916]] - [[Fridericus Adler]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus factionis [[Socialis Democratica Factio Austriae|Socialis Democraticae]], Austriae primum ministrum [[Carolus Stürgkh|Carolum Stürgkh]] necat.
* [[1945]] - In Francia mulieres [[suffragium universale|suffragiorum ius]] obtinent.
* [[1969]] 
** [[Gulielmus Brandt]] primus sodalis factionis [[SPD]] cancellarius foederalis [[Germania]]e eligitur.
** [[Subitanea rerum conversio]] in [[Somalia]] fit.
* [[1983]] - Definitio nova [[metrum|metri]] per [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis]] in [[vacuum|vacuo]] decernitur.
* [[1986]] 
** [[Charta Africana de iuribus hominum populorumque]] adoptatur.
** [[Insulae Marsalienses]] a [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] liberae fiunt.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2012]] - [[Fridericus Kuhn]] primus vir publicus factionis [[Foedus 90/Virides|Foederis 90/Viridum]] praefectus urbis capitis terrae cuiusdam foederalis Germaniae - [[Stutgardia]]e enim - eligitur.
* [[2025]] - [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix [[Iaponia]]e eligitur; primum femina prima ministrix Iaponiae est.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1449]] - [[Georgius (dux Clarentiae)|Georgius]], dux Clarentiae (mortuus anno [[1478]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1672]] - [[Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius]], [[presbyter]] et praeclarus [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]] (mortuus [[1750]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1772]] - [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[poeta]] et philosophus [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (mortuus anno [[1834]])
* [[1790]] - [[Alphonsus de Lamartine]], poeta et vir publicus Francicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1869]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1833]] - [[Alfredus Nobel]], [[chemicus]] , [[inventor]] et magister officinarum [[Suecia|Suecicus]] (mortuus [[1896]])
* [[1837]] - [[Iacobus Beaver]], gubernator [[Pennsilvania]]e (mortuus anno [[1914]])
* [[1846]] - [[Edmundus De Amicis]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1908]])
* [[1847]]
** [[Eduardus Brandes]], [[scriptor]] [[Dania|Danicus]] (mortuus anno [[1931]])
** [[Iosephus Giacosa]], poeta, praecipue theatri lyrici [[libellus|libellorum]] scriptor et [[histrio]] Italicus (mortuus anno [[1906]])
* [[1862]] - [[Francus Edwinus Scott]], pictor Americanus (mortuus anno [[1929]])
* [[1874]] - [[Henricus Guisan]], dux militum [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus anno [[1960]])
* [[1876]] - [[Petrus Stubmann]], vir publicus Germanicus et praeses ministrorum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e (mortuus anno [[1962]])
* [[1895]] - [[Edna Purviance]], [[histrio|actrix]] Americana (mortua anno [[1958]])
* 1896 - [[Eugenius Švarc]], scriptor et dramaturgus [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus 1958)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Michael Kuprijanov]], pictor imaginum depravatarum Sovieticus (mortuus [[1991]])
* [[1912]] - [[Georgius Solti]], [[concentus magister]] [[Hungaria|Hungaro]]-Britannicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1997]])
* [[1914]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], Americanus [[polymathes]] et scriptor rerum [[mathematica]]rum et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]rum (mortuus anno [[2010]])
* [[1917]] - [[Dizzy Gillespie]], musicus et cantor iazensis Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1993]])
* [[1918]] - [[Hulett Carlson Smith]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] (mortuus anno 2012)
* [[1921]] 
**[[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et concentus magister Anglicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2006]])
**[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]], astronoma Nederlandica (mortua anno [[2015]])
* [[1926]] - [[Leo Kirch]], homo negotiosus Germanicus, ad quem multa [[diarium|diaria]] et periodica pertinebant (mortuus anno [[2011]])
* 1929 - [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], scriptrix Americana (mortua anno [[2018]])
* [[1942]] - [[Christophorus A. Sims]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum|praemio Nobeliano scientiarum oeconomiarum]] affectus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2026]])
* [[1944]] - [[Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage]], chemicus Francicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus 
* [[1945]] - [[Nicetas Michalkov]], actor ac moderator cinematographicus Sovieticus et [[Russia|Russicus]].
* [[1949]] - [[Beniaminus Netanjahu]], primus minister [[Israel]]is
* [[1953]] - [[Petrus Mandelson]], [[politicus]] Britannicus et socius [[Domus Dominorum (Britannia)|Aulae Dominorum]] in [[Parlamentum Britannicum|Parlamento Regni Uniti]]
* [[1956]] - [[Carolina Fisher]], actrix Americana (mortua anno [[2016]])
* [[1957]] - [[Volfgangus Ketterle]], physicus Germanicus [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus 
* 1958 - [[Andreas Geim]], physicus [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] et Britannicus, natus in Russia, praemio Nobeliano physicae affetus 
* [[1960]] - [[Ricardus Benyon]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]].
* [[1965]] - [[Evan Harris]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]]
* [[1980]] - [[Kim Kardashian]], ostentatrix et personalitas televisionis Americana 
* [[1981]] - [[Nemanja Vidić]], pedilusor [[Serbia|Serbicus]]

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1422]] - [[Carolus VI (rex Franciae)|Carolus VI]], rex Franciae (natus anno [[1368]])

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1505]] - [[Paulus Scriptoris]], [[Franciscani|Franciscanus]] et [[theologus]] Germanicus (natus circa annum [[1460]])
* [[1587]] - [[Iohannes Wigand]], theologus [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]] (natus circa annum [[1523]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Horatius Nelson]], praefectus classis Britanniae (natus [[1758]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Huldericus Köhler]], rerum gestarum scriptor Germanicus (natus anno [[1838]])
* 1929 - [[Basilius Radoslavov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1854]])
* 1931 - [[Arthurus Schnitzler]], scriptor Austriacus etiam fabularum scaenicarum (natus anno 1862)
* [[1940]] - [[Gulielmus Gustavus Conley]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Republicana (CFA)|Republicanae]] (natus anno [[1866]])
* [[1980]] - [[Vulko Cervenkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1900]])
* [[1984]] - [[Franciscus Truffaut]], [[histrio|actor]] pellicularum factor ac [[moderator cinematographicus]] Francicus (natus [[1932]])
* [[1998]] - [[Franciscus Gulielmus Sargent]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&amp;nbsp;[[1915]])

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2003]] - [[Elliott Smith]], musicus et compositor Americanus (natus anno 1969)
* [[2012]] - [[Georgius McGovern]], vir publicus Americanus (natus anno 1922)
* [[2014]] - [[Gough Whitlam]], primus minister [[Australia]]e (natus anno 1916)
* [[2021]] - [[Bernardus Haitink]], concentus magister Nederlandicus (natus anno 1929)
* [[2022]] - [[Masato Kudo]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] (natus anno [[1990]])

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dies Trafalgar ([[Britanniarum regnum]])
* Festum [[Hilarion (abbas)|Sancti Hilarionis]], abbatis (ecclesiae orthodoxae, calendarium Romanae ecclesiae antiquum)

{{menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7744" sha1="cepsf83xd0h6wmu6ebsfwl27vnvizsg" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendarium-Octobris}}

'''21 Octobris''' est [[dies]] 294ª anni (295ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 71 dies manent.

Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres''', quod ''a.d. XII Kal. Nov.'' abbreviatur.

[[Fasciculus:Konon.jpg|left|135px]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[686]] - [[Conon (papa)|Conon]] [[papa]] fit.

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Trafalgaris Pugna]] inter classem [[Britanniarum Regnum|Briticannicam]] et classem mixtam [[Francia|Francicam]] [[Hispania|Hispanicamque]] fit. Britannici vincunt.
* [[1888]] - [[Factio socialistica Helvetica]] constituitur.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1916]] - [[Fridericus Adler]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus factionis [[Socialis Democratica Factio Austriae|Socialis Democraticae]], Austriae primum ministrum [[Carolus Stürgkh|Carolum Stürgkh]] necat.
* [[1945]] - In Francia mulieres [[suffragium universale|suffragiorum ius]] obtinent.
* [[1969]] 
** [[Gulielmus Brandt]] primus sodalis factionis [[SPD]] cancellarius foederalis [[Germania]]e eligitur.
** [[Subitanea rerum conversio]] in [[Somalia]] fit.
* [[1983]] - Definitio nova [[metrum|metri]] per [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis]] in [[vacuum|vacuo]] decernitur.
* [[1986]] 
** [[Charta Africana de iuribus hominum populorumque]] adoptatur.
** [[Insulae Marsalienses]] a [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] liberae fiunt.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2012]] - [[Fridericus Kuhn]] primus vir publicus factionis [[Foedus 90/Virides|Foederis 90/Viridum]] praefectus urbis capitis terrae cuiusdam foederalis Germaniae - [[Stutgardia]]e enim - eligitur.
* [[2025]] - [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix [[Iaponia]]e eligitur; primum femina prima ministrix Iaponiae est.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1449]] - [[Georgius (dux Clarentiae)|Georgius]], dux Clarentiae (mortuus anno [[1478]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1672]] - [[Ludovicus Antonius Muratorius]], [[presbyter]] et praeclarus [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]] (mortuus [[1750]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1772]] - [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[poeta]] et philosophus [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (mortuus anno [[1834]])
* [[1790]] - [[Alphonsus de Lamartine]], poeta et vir publicus Francicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1869]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1833]] - [[Alfredus Nobel]], [[chemicus]] , [[inventor]] et magister officinarum [[Suecia|Suecicus]] (mortuus [[1896]])
* [[1837]] - [[Iacobus Beaver]], gubernator [[Pennsilvania]]e (mortuus anno [[1914]])
* [[1846]] - [[Edmundus De Amicis]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1908]])
* [[1847]]
** [[Eduardus Brandes]], [[scriptor]] [[Dania|Danicus]] (mortuus anno [[1931]])
** [[Iosephus Giacosa]], poeta, praecipue theatri lyrici [[libellus|libellorum]] scriptor et [[histrio]] Italicus (mortuus anno [[1906]])
* [[1862]] - [[Francus Edwinus Scott]], pictor Americanus (mortuus anno [[1929]])
* [[1874]] - [[Henricus Guisan]], dux militum [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus anno [[1960]])
* [[1876]] - [[Petrus Stubmann]], vir publicus Germanicus et praeses ministrorum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e (mortuus anno [[1962]])
* [[1895]] - [[Edna Purviance]], [[histrio|actrix]] Americana (mortua anno [[1958]])
* 1896 - [[Eugenius Švarc]], scriptor et dramaturgus [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus 1958)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Michael Kuprijanov]], pictor imaginum depravatarum Sovieticus (mortuus [[1991]])
* [[1912]] - [[Georgius Solti]], [[concentus magister]] [[Hungaria|Hungaro]]-Britannicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1997]])
* [[1914]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], Americanus [[polymathes]] et scriptor rerum [[mathematica]]rum et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]rum (mortuus anno [[2010]])
* [[1917]] - [[Dizzy Gillespie]], musicus et cantor iazensis Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1993]])
* [[1918]] - [[Hulett Carlson Smith]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] (mortuus anno 2012)
* [[1921]] 
**[[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et concentus magister Anglicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2006]])
**[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]], astronoma Nederlandica (mortua anno [[2015]])
* [[1926]] - [[Leo Kirch]], homo negotiosus Germanicus, ad quem multa [[diarium|diaria]] et periodica pertinebant (mortuus anno [[2011]])
* 1929 - [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], scriptrix Americana (mortua anno [[2018]])
* [[1942]] - [[Christophorus A. Sims]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum|praemio Nobeliano scientiarum oeconomiarum]] affectus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2026]])
* [[1944]] - [[Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage]], chemicus Francicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus 
* [[1945]] - [[Nicetas Michalkov]], actor ac moderator cinematographicus Sovieticus et [[Russia|Russicus]].
* [[1949]] - [[Beniaminus Netanjahu]], primus minister [[Israel]]is
* [[1953]] - [[Petrus Mandelson]], [[politicus]] Britannicus et socius [[Domus Dominorum (Britannia)|Aulae Dominorum]] in [[Parlamentum Britannicum|Parlamento Regni Uniti]]
* [[1956]] - [[Carolina Fisher]], actrix Americana (mortua anno [[2016]])
* [[1957]] - [[Volfgangus Ketterle]], physicus Germanicus [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus 
* 1958 - [[Andreas Geim]], physicus [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] et Britannicus, natus in Russia, praemio Nobeliano physicae affetus 
* [[1960]] - [[Ricardus Benyon]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]].
* [[1965]] - [[Evan Harris]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]]
* [[1980]] - [[Kim Kardashian]], ostentatrix et personalitas televisionis Americana 
* [[1981]] - [[Nemanja Vidić]], pedilusor [[Serbia|Serbicus]]

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1422]] - [[Carolus VI (rex Franciae)|Carolus VI]], rex Franciae (natus anno [[1368]])

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1505]] - [[Paulus Scriptoris]], [[Franciscani|Franciscanus]] et [[theologus]] Germanicus (natus circa annum [[1460]])
* [[1587]] - [[Iohannes Wigand]], theologus [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]] (natus circa annum [[1523]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1805]] - [[Horatius Nelson]], praefectus classis Britanniae (natus [[1758]])

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Huldericus Köhler]], rerum gestarum scriptor Germanicus (natus anno [[1838]])
* 1929 - [[Basilius Radoslavov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1854]])
* 1931 - [[Arthurus Schnitzler]], scriptor Austriacus etiam fabularum scaenicarum (natus anno 1862)
* [[1940]] - [[Gulielmus Gustavus Conley]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus factionis [[Factio Republicana (CFA)|Republicanae]] (natus anno [[1866]])
* 1980 - [[Vulko Cervenkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (natus anno [[1900]])
* [[1984]] - [[Franciscus Truffaut]], [[histrio|actor]] pellicularum factor ac [[moderator cinematographicus]] Francicus (natus [[1932]])
* [[1998]] - [[Franciscus Gulielmus Sargent]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&amp;nbsp;[[1915]])

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2003]] - [[Elliott Smith]], musicus et compositor Americanus (natus anno 1969)
* [[2012]] - [[Georgius McGovern]], vir publicus Americanus (natus anno 1922)
* [[2014]] - [[Gough Whitlam]], primus minister [[Australia]]e (natus anno 1916)
* [[2021]] - [[Bernardus Haitink]], concentus magister Nederlandicus (natus anno 1929)
* [[2022]] - [[Masato Kudo]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] (natus anno [[1990]])

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dies Trafalgar ([[Britanniarum regnum]])
* Festum [[Hilarion (abbas)|Sancti Hilarionis]], abbatis (ecclesiae orthodoxae, calendarium Romanae ecclesiae antiquum)

{{menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bellum civile</title>
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        <username>LilyKitty</username>
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      <comment>de bello clandestino</comment>
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      <text bytes="11726" sha1="5nokbe71hndj3ynsp7exv3b63nloomm" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Bellum civile (discretiva)}}
{{Bellum et res militaris}}
[[Fasciculus:MNBPRickettsBatteryPainting.jpg|thumb|''Tormenta Ricketts Capta.'' Tabula [[Primum Proelium Bull Run|Primi Proelii Bull Run]], unius ex primis proeliis in [[Bellum Civile Americanum|Bello Civile Americano]] pugnatis, a Sidney E. King (1906–2004), pictore pro National Park Service anno [[1964]] picta. Oleum in ligno plicato&lt;!--plywood--&gt;. Henry Hill Visitor Center apud Manassas National Battlefield Park in [[Virginia]].]]
'''Bellum civile''' est [[bellum]] inter [[grex socialis|greges]] ordinatos intra singulam [[natio-civitas|nationem-civitatem]] vel [[respublica|rempublicam]],&lt;ref name=fearon&gt;[[Iacobus Fearon|James Fearon]], [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86201/james-d-fearon/iraq-s-civil-war.html &quot;Iraq's Civil War&quot;] in ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', March/April 2007. Pro addita de classificatione bellorum civilium, vide [[#Definitio|sectionem &quot;Definitionem&quot;]].&lt;/ref&gt; vel, minus saepe, inter [[duo|binas]] civitates ex [[unus|una]] natione-civitate olim integra creatas.&lt;ref name=&quot;EH&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100125064220/http://eh.net/bookreviews/library/1130 Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War | Book Reviews], EH.net. &quot;Two nations [within the U.S.] developed because of slavery.&quot; October 2006. Accessum Iulio 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Propositum unius lateris usitate est civitatem vel [[regio]]nem in unam dicionem redigere, [[libertas|libertatem]] unius regionis adsequi, vel rationes reipublicae gerendae commutare.&lt;ref name=fearon /&gt; [[Vocabulum]], quod in multis [[lingua|linguis]] hodiernis ''calque'' vocabuli [[Lingua Latina|Latini]] fit, primum ad varia [[bella civilia Romana|bella civilia Reipublicae Romanae]] [[saeculum 1 a.C.n.|saeculo primo a.C.n.]]&lt;ref&gt;Praecipue  bella civilia Romana inter [[C. Iulius Caesar|C. Iulium Caesarem]] et [[Pompeius|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum]], et iterum inter [[Octavianus|Octavianum]] et [[Marcus Antonius|Antonium]], quae annis [[49 a.C.n.|49]]–[[31 a.C.n.]] pugnata sunt. Vide etiam [[bellum sociale]], [[Marius|Marium]], et [[Sulla]]m.&lt;/ref&gt; spectare adhibitum est.
[[Fasciculus:T-62 et T-55 détruits durant la guerre civile éthiopienne en 1991.jpg|thumb|left|175px|Reliqui [[autocurrus armatus|autocurri armati]] [[T-62]] postquam homines seditiosi [[Neanthopolis|Neanthopolin]] intrant, [[Bellum Civile Aethiopicum|bello civili Aethiopico]] confecto, [[1991]].]]

Bellum civile est contentio magnarum virium, quae [[exercitus ordinarius|exercitum ordinarium]] implicare potest, saepe diu sustinetur et ordinatur, atque permultos homines tangit. Bella civilia permultas [[calamitas|calamitates]] adferre et magnas opes consumere possunt.&lt;ref name=hironaka3&gt;Ann Hironaka, ''Neverending Wars: The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War'' (Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 3, ISBN 0674015320.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]] confecto, bella civilia aliquantulum plus quattuor annos duraverunt, contra annum et dimidium temporis a [[1900]] ad [[1944]].&lt;!-- While the rate of emergence of new civil wars has been relatively steady since the mid-19th century, the increasing length of those wars resulted in increasing numbers of wars ongoing at any one time.--&gt; Exempli gratia, in primo [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicesimi]] dimidio, eodem tempore non erant plus quam quinque bella civilia, sed [[bellum frigidum|bello frigido]] composito, plus quam viginti bella civilia fiebant ante maiorem deminutionem cum finirent certamina quae ex aemulatione nationum praepotentium orta erant. Post [[1945]], bella civilia plus quam 25 milliones hominum interfecerunt, cum [[migratio compulsa|migratione compulsa]] millionum additorum. Praeterea, bella civilia conlapsus effecerunt [[oeconomia]]rum: [[Birmania]] (Myanmar), [[Uganda]], et [[Angola]] sunt exempla civitatum quibus, ut videbatur, erant futura felicia antequam earum bella civilia conflarentur.&lt;ref&gt;Hironaka (2005), 1-2, 4-5.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Definitio==
[[Fasciculus:Battle of Gettysburg.jpg|thumb|Corpora [[miles|militum]] occisorum, [[Pugna Gettysburgensis|Pugna Gettysburgensi]] in [[Bellum Civile Americanum|Bello Civili Americano]] confecta, [[1863]].]]
[[Iacobus Fearon]], qui in [[Universitas Stanfordiensis|Universitate Stanfordiensi]] bella civilia investigat, bellum civile definit &quot;certamen violentum intra civitate a gregibus ordinatis pugnatum qui potestatam captam in medio vel in [[regio]]ne, vel propositis gubernationis mutatis, animo intendunt.&quot;&lt;ref name=fearon/&gt; Praeterea, Anna Hironaka dicit [[unus|unam]] partem belli civilis necessarie esse [[civitas|civitatem]].&lt;ref name=hironaka3/&gt; Academici de gravitate quo turbatio civilis fit bellum civile inter se contendunt. Nonnulli rerum politicarum periti bellum civile definiunt certamen cui sunt plus quam [[mille]] casuum&lt;!--casualties--&gt;,&lt;ref name=fearon/&gt; dum alii id definiunt certamen cui sunt plus quam [[centum]].&lt;ref&gt;Edward Wong, [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/world/middleeast/26war.html?_r=1&amp;oref=slogin &quot;A Matter of Definition: What Makes a Civil War, and Who Declares It So?&quot;] ''New York Times,'' 26 Novembris 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Correlata Belli]] ([[Anglice]] ''Correlates of War''), copia datorum a certaminis eruditis late adhibita, bellis civilibus plus quam mille casus belli per [[annus|annum]] certaminis tribuit. Hic modus&lt;!--rate--&gt; est parva [[millio]]num [[Bellum Civile Sudanicum Alterum|Bello Civili Sudanico Altero]] et [[Bellum Civile Cambodianum|Bello Civili Cambodiano]] interfectorum pars, exempli gratia, sed haec definitio nonnulla certamina celeberrima excludit, inter quae [[Incommoda]] (''The Troubles'') [[Hibernia Septentrionalis|Hiberniae Septentrionalis]] et certamen [[Congressus Nationalis Africanus|Congressus Nationalis Africani]] in [[Africa Australis|Africa Australi]] [[Historia Africae Australis Tempore Separationis|tempore separationis]]&lt;!--apartheid--&gt;.&lt;ref name=hironaka3/&gt; &lt;!--PLUS IN EN:--&gt;

[[Fasciculus:Arab volunteers.jpg|thumb|Armati [[miles|milites]] voluntarii [[Arabia|Arabi]] per [[Bellum Civile in Palaestina Mandatoria 1947–1948|bello civile 1947–1948]] in [[Britannicum Palaestinae Mandatum|Britannico Palaestinae Mandato]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Battle of Siping01.jpg|thumb|Milites [[Factio Communistica Sinarum|communisti]] per [[Proelium Siping]] in [[Bellum Civile Sinicum|Bello Civili Sinico]], [[1946]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Tykistokoulun harjoiitus.jpg|thumb|Schola [[tormenta|tormentorum]] ab &quot;Albis&quot; (antisocialistis) per [[Bellum Civile Finnicum]] anno [[1918]] instituta.]]
[[Fasciculus:Column of ONLF rebels.jpg|thumb|Seditiosi [[Frons Liberationis Nationalis Ogaden|Frontis Liberationis Nationalis Ogaden]] bellatores in [[Aethiopia]] anno [[2006]] iter faciunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Checkpoint 4, Beirut 1982.jpg|thumb|Locus investigationis&lt;!--checkpoint--&gt; ab [[exercitus|exercitu]] [[Libanus|Libano]] et [[Corpus Classiarium Civitatum Foederatarum|Classiariis Civitatum Foederatarum]] anno [[1982]] coactus. [[Bellum Civile Libanum]] (1975–1990) multas interventiones externas insigniter habuit.]]
[[Fasciculus:LTTE Sea Tigers attack vessel by sunken SL freighter.JPG|thumb|[[Navis]] oppugnationis celeris&lt;!-- [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|rebel LTTE]]--&gt; in [[Taprobane]] anno [[2003]].&lt;!-- passes the hulk of an LTTE supply ship that had been sunk by government aircraft,--&gt; [[Bellum Civile Taprobanis]] (1983–2009).]]

{{NexInt}}
*[[Bellum libertatis (discretiva)]]&lt;!--War of Independence (disambiguation)--&gt;
*[[Bella liberationis reipublicae]]&lt;!--wars of national liberation--&gt;
*[[Bellum civile alterum]]
*[[Bellum civile Iemeniense (anno 2015 incipiens)|Bellum civile Iameniense]]
*[[Bellum clandestinum]]
*[[Conventus Genavenses]]
*[[Logica Violentiae in Bello Civili]]
*[[Primum Bellum Civile]]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Ali, Taisier Mohamed Ahmed, et Robert O. Matthews, eds. [[1999]]. ''Civil Wars in Africa: roots and resolution,''
*Berdal, Mats, et David M. Malone. [[2000]]. ''Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars'' Lynne Rienner.
*Collier, Paul. [[2003]]. ''Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy.'' Vasingtoniae: World Bank
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Collier|editor1-first=Paul|editor1-link=Paul Collier|editor2-last=Sambanis |editor2-first=Nicholas |editor2-link= |year=2005|title=Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis|volume= 1: Africa |publisher=The World Bank|location=[[Vasingtonia]]e|isbn=978-0-8213-6047-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OnGQQVuIBjgC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=Understanding+Civil+War:Evidence+and+Analysis&amp;cd=1#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Collier|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Sambanis |editor2-first=Nicholas |editor2-link= |year=2005|title=Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis|volume= 2: Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions |publisher=The World Bank|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-8213-6049-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yNTQ-BDLPxIC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=Understanding+Civil+War:Evidence+and+Analysis&amp;cd=2#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false}}
*Demélas-Bohy, Marie-Danielle. [[1997]]. La notion de guerre civile en question. ''Clio'' 5. [http://clio.revues.org/document412.html Commentarius apud clio.revues.org.]
*Kalyvas, Stathis. [[2001]]. &quot;New&quot; and &quot;Old&quot; Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction? ''World Politics'' 54(1):99-118.
*Kolb, Robert. [[2001]]. Le droit international public et le concept de guerre civile depuis 1945. ''Relations internationales'' 105 (ver): 9–29. [http://hei.unige.ch/ri/Articles/KolbArt_2.pdf PDF.]
*Lake, David, et Donald Rothchild, eds. [[1996]]. ''The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
*Licklider, Roy. [[1995]]. The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945–1993. ''American Political Science Review'' 89(3):681–690.
*Mack, Andrew. .[[2002]]. Civil War: Academic Research and the Policy Community. ''Journal of Peace Research'' 39(5):515–525.
*Mason, David T., et Patrick Fett. [[1996]]. How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach. ''Journal of Conflict Resolution'' 40(4):546-568.
*Regan, Patrick M. [[2000]]. ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict.''
*John, Stephen, et al., eds. [[2002]]. ''Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements.''
*Toft, Monica Duffy. [[2003]]. ''The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12383-7.
*Walter, Barbara F. [[2002]]. ''Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
*Wood, Elisabeth Jean. [[2003]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120628025252/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=5001933657 Civil Wars: What We Don't Know.] ''Global Governance'' 9:247ff.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Civil wars|Bella civilia}}
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/downloads/doctrine/01.pdf &quot;Royal Air Force Doctrine - The Nature of War and Armed Conflict,&quot;] apud www.raf.mod.uk
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4902708.stm &quot;What makes a civil war?&quot;] apud news.bbc.co.uk, 20 Aprilis 2006
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213170317/http://www.icrc.org/Web/fre/sitefre0.nsf/html/p0703/$File/ICRC_001_0703.PDF FAQ du Droit international humanitaire] sur le [https://web.archive.org/web/20100324103146/http://www.icrc.org/Web/fre/sitefre0.nsf/htmlall/genevaconventions Situs CICR,] [[Conventus Genavenses|Genavensibus Belli Conventionibus]]{{dubsig}} dicatus

{{hist-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Bella civilia|!]]
{{1000 paginae}}

{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
      <sha1>5nokbe71hndj3ynsp7exv3b63nloomm</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sinus Bothnicus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996159</id>
      <parentid>3852391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:43:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Flumina quae in sinum Bothnicum se effundunt */</comment>
      <origin>3996159</origin>
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      <text bytes="2185" sha1="9ot2grld5ufjlzoo3f7wjy3g9mq2gqh" xml:space="preserve">{{L?}}[[Fasciculus:Regio-Balticum-Latine.png|right|thumb|Tabula regionis Balticae, locum Sinus Bothniae monstrans]]
'''Sinus Bothnicus'''&lt;ref&gt;{{lexfons}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Finnice]] ''Pohjanlahti''; [[Suecice]] ''Bottniska viken'') est sinus [[Mare Balticum|Maris Baltici]] inter [[litus]] orientale [[Suecia]]e et litus occidentale [[Finnia]]e. Ad [[Alandia]]m mare Balticum in duo sinus dividitur, Bothnicum et [[Sinus Finnicus|Finnicum]].

== Etymologia ==
Bothnia (dein Bothnicum) est forma Latina verbi ''botn,'' postea ''botten'' ('Solum' [[Lingua Nordica Antiqua|Nordice Antique]]). Nomina multorum locorum circum Sinum Bothnicum sitorum sunt a verbo ''bot(te)n'' facta. Exempli gratia nomina ''Väster'''botten''''' et ''Öster'''botten''''' (oppida [[Suecia|Suecica]])

== Geographia ==
Longitudo sinus est 725&amp;nbsp;[[chilometrum|km]] et latitudo 80-240&amp;nbsp;[[chilometrum|km]]. [[Altitudo]] maxima est 295&amp;nbsp;[[metrum|m]]. [[Superficies]] tota [[aqua]]e huius sinus est circiter 117 000&amp;nbsp;[[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]]. Plusquam quinque menses anni derigescitur.

===Flumina quae in sinum Bothnicum se effundunt===
* [[Angermannus]] et 
* [[Dalecarlius]] Sueciae
* [[Torna]] in confinio Sueciae et Finniae
* [[Ula (flumen Finniae)|Ula]] Finniae

=== Urbes litorales ===
Variae urbes oppidaque iacent ad litora huius sinus, quorum gravissima sunt:
[[Fasciculus:Solis Occasus in Sino Bothnico.jpg|thumb|right|Sinus Bothnicus solis occasu]]
[[Fasciculus:Vihreasaari Oulu 2006 11 04.JPG|thumb|right|Navis appropinquans ad portum [[Uloa]]e]]

==== Finnia ====
* [[Aboa]], 182 200
* [[Arctopolis]], 83 500
* [[Portus Mariae]], 11 400
* [[Uloa (urbs)|Uloa]], 194 300
* [[Vaasa]], 66 300
''(Numerus incolarum anno [[2014]])''

==== Suecia ====
* [[Lula (Suecia)|Lula]], 46 600
* [[Sundsvall]], 50 700
* [[Hernosandia]], 17 600
* [[Gevalia]], 71 000
''(Numerus incolarum anno [[2010]])''

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Carta Marina]]
* [[Mare Balticum]]
* [[Sinus Finnicus]]

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bothnicus, sinus}}
[[Categoria:Geographia Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Sinus maris Baltici]]
{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaius Octavius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33732</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996059</id>
      <parentid>3995944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:58:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1641" sha1="7o4j696gzqzh2kgganqfywosedjpfgf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}

{{L}}
{{Videhom|Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus}}
[[Fasciculus:Head Gaius Octavius Glyptothek Munich.jpg|thumb|Caput effigiei quae Gai Octavii simulacrum fuisse censetur (c. 60 a.C.n.: [[Glyptotheca (Monacum)|Glyptotheca]] [[Monacum|Monacensis)]]]]
'''Gaius Octavius''', mortuus [[59 a.C.n.]], fuit [[tribunus militum]] bis, [[quaestor]], [[aedilis|aedilis plebis]] cum Caio Toranio, iudex quaestionum, postremo [[praetor]] anno [[61 a.C.n.|61 a.C.n]]. antequam anno proximo [[Gaius Antonius Hybrida|Gaio Antonio Hybridae]] in [[Macedonia (provincia Romana)|Macedonia]]  [[proconsul]]&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|6|41023}} &lt;/ref&gt; succedat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.12&lt;/ref&gt;. Praecipue notus est tamquam [[Augustus (imperator)|imperatoris Augusti]] pater anno [[63 a.C.n.]] nati. In matrimonium primum duxit [[Ancharia]]m, e qua genuit filiam [[Octavia maior|Octaviam]], quae [[Sextus Appuleius (praefectus urbi Romae)|Sexti Appulei]] uxor filium [[Marcus Appuleius|Marcum]] peperit. Ancharia mortua Octavius [[Atia (Augusti mater)|Atia]]m duxit, filiam [[Marcus Atius Balbus|M. Atii Balbi]] et [[Iulia (M. Balbi uxor)|Iulia]]e (sororis [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|C. Caesaris]]); ex ea genuit et filiam [[Octavia minor|Octaviam]] et filium [[Augustus (imperator)|Augustum]] imperatorem futurum. Octavius anno [[59 a.C.n.]] [[Roma]]m rediens, [[consulatus]] candidaturus, [[Nola]]e subito mortuus est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Praetores]]
[[Categoria:Proconsules Macedoniae]]
[[Categoria:Gens Octavia]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 59 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Augustus]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Primi ministri Romaniae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996165</id>
      <parentid>3975744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T10:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Macha 2111</username>
        <id>134394</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Index */</comment>
      <origin>3996165</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22033" sha1="9rndm7awnuahv0ez3fj6lqltpeyjcwj" xml:space="preserve">Hic habes indicem '''primorum ministrorum Romaniae'''.

== Index ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Effigies !! Nomen !! Data muneris !! Factio
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EFEFEF&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot;|'''&lt;center&gt;Primi ministri&lt;/center&gt;'''
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Barbu Catargiu2.jpg|50px|Barbu Catargiu]] || [[Barbu Catargiu]] || [[15 Februarii]] [[1862]] - [[8 Iunii]] [[1862]] || Conservativus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Apostol Arsache1.jpg|50px|Apostulus Arsache]]|| [[Apostolus Arsache]] || [[8 Iunii]] [[1862]] - [[24 Iunii]] [[1862]] || Conservativus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Nicolae Cretulescu.jpg|50px|Nicolaus Creţulescu]]|| [[Nicolaus Crețulescu]] || [[24 Iunii]] [[1862]] - [[24 Octobris]] [[1863]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Mihail Kogalniceanu utexas.jpg|50px|Michael Kogălniceanu]] || [[Michael Kogălniceanu]] || [[24 Octobris]] [[1863]] - [[6 Februarii]] [[1865]] || Liberalis
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Constantin Bosianu.jpg|50px|Constantinus Bosianu]]|| [[Constantinus Bosianu]] || [[6 Februarii]] [[1865]] - [[14 Iunii]] [[1865]] || {{dubsig}}
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Nicolae Cretulescu.jpg|50px|Nicolaus Crețulescu]]|| [[Nicolaus Creţulescu]] || [[14 Iunii]] [[1865]] - [[24 Maii]] [[1866]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Lascarcatargiu.jpg|50px|Lascar Catargiu]]|| [[Lascăr Catargiu]] || [[24 Maii]] [[1866]] - [[15 Iulii]] [[1866]] || Conservativus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Ion Ghica 02.jpg|50px|Demetrius Ghica]]|| Princeps [[Ioannes Ghica]] ||  [[16 Iulii]] [[1866]] - [[13 Martii]] [[1867]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Constantin Al. Creţulescu.jpg|50px|Constantinus A. Creţulescu]]|| [[Constantinus A. Crețulescu]] || [[13 Martii]] [[1867]] - [[5 Augusti]] [[1867]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Stefan Golescu desen.png|50px|Stephanus Golescu]] || [[Stephanus Golescu]] || [[26 Novembris]] [[1867]] - [[12 Maii]] [[1868]] || Liberalis
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Nicolae Golescu desen.png|50px|Nicolaus Constantinus Golescu]] || [[Nicolaus Constantinus Golescu]] || [[12 Maii]] [[1868]] - [[Iulii]] [[1868]] || Liberalis
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Ion C. Bratianu 01.png|50px|Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[Iulii]] [[1868]] - [[28 Novembris]] [[1868]] || Liberalis
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Dimitrie Ghica.jpg|50px|Demetrius Ghica]]|| Princeps [[Demetrius Ghica]] || [[28 Novembris]] [[1868]] - [[14 Februarii]] [[1870]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Alexandru G. Golescu.jpg|50px|Alexander G. Golescu]] || [[Alexander G. Golescu]] || [[14 Februarii]] [[1870]] - [[1 Maii]] [[1870]] || 
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Manolache Costache Epureanu.jpg|50px|Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]]|| [[Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]] || [[1 Maii]] [[1870]] - [[26 Decembris]] [[1870]] || Liberalis
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Ion Ghica 02.jpg|50px|Demetrius Ghica]] || Princeps [[Ioannes Ghica]] || [[26 Decembris]] [[1870]] - [[24 Martii]] [[1871]] || Moderatus
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Lascarcatargiu.jpg|50px|Lascar Catargiu]]|| [[Lascăr Catargiu]] || [[24 Martii]] [[1871]] - [[17 Aprilis]] [[1876]] || Conservativus
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Emanoil Ion Florescu 01.jpg|50px|Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] || [[Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] || [[17 Aprilis]] [[1876]] - [[6 Maii]] [[1876]] || [[Nationaal-Liberale Partij (Roemenië)|PL]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Manolache Costache Epureanu.jpg|50px|Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]]|| [[Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]] || [[6 Maii]] [[1876]] - [[5 Augusti]] [[1876]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Ion C. Bratianu 01.png|50px|Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[5 Augusti]] [[1876]] - [[19 Aprilis]] [[1881]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Dimitrie Brătianu.png|50px|Demetrius C. Brătianu]] || [[Demetrius C. Brătianu]] || [[19 Aprilis]] [[1881]] - [[21 Iunii]] [[1881]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Ion C. Bratianu 01.png|50px|Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] || [[21 Iunii]] [[1881]] - [[13 Aprilis]] [[1888]] || PL
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Teodor Rosetti.jpg|50px|Theodorus Rosetti]]|| [[Theodorus Rosetti]] || [[13 Aprilis]] [[1888]] - [[11 Aprilis]] [[1889]] || [[Conservatieve Partij (Roemenië)|PC]]
|-bgcolor=lightblue
|[[Fasciculus:Lascarcatargiu.jpg|50px|Lascar Catargiu]] || [[Lascăr Catargiu]] || [[11 Aprilis]] [[1889]] - [[2 Martii]] [[1891]] || PC
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Emanoil Ion Florescu 01.jpg|50px|Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] || [[Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] || [[2 Martii]] [[1891]] - [[29 Decembris]] [[1891]] || PL/PC
|-bgcolor=lightblue
|[[Fasciculus:Lascarcatargiu.jpg|50px|Lascar Catargiu]] || [[Lascăr Catargiu]] || [[29 Decembris]] [[1891]] - [[15 Octobris]] [[1895]] || PC
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Sturdza.jpg|50px|Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[15 Octobris]] [[1895]] - [[2 Decembris]] [[1896]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Petre S Aurelian.jpg|50px|Petrus Aurelian]]|| [[Petrus S. Aurelian]] || [[2 Decembris]] [[1896]] - [[12 Aprilis]] [[1897]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Sturdza.jpg|50px|Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[12 Aprilis]] [[1897]] - [[23 Aprilis]] [[1899]] || PL
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Cantacuzino.jpg|50px|Georgius Cantacuzino]] || Princeps [[Georgius Cantacuzino]] || [[23 Aprilis]] [[1899]] - [[19 Iulii]] [[1900]] || PC
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:P.P. Carp.jpeg|50px|Petrus P. Carp]] || [[Petrus P. Carp]] || [[19 Iulii]] [[1900]] - [[27 Februarii]] [[1901]] || PC
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Sturdza.jpg|50px|Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[27 Februarii]] [[1901]] - [[4 Ianuarii]] [[1906]] || PL
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Cantacuzino.jpg|50px|Georgius Cantacuzino]] || Princeps [[Georgius Cantacuzino]] || [[4 Ianuarii]] [[1906]] - [[24 Martii]] [[1907]] || PC
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Sturdza.jpg|50px|Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[Demetrius Alexander Sturdza]] || [[24 Martii]] [[1907]] - [[9 Ianuarii]] [[1909]] || PL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Iicbratianu.png|50px|Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[9 Ianuarii]] [[1909]] - [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1911]] || PL
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:P.P. Carp.jpeg|50px|Petrus P. Carp]] || [[Petrus P. Carp]] || [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1911]] - [[10 Aprilis]] [[1912]] || PC
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Titu Maiorescu.jpg|50px|Titus Livius Maiorescu]] || [[Titus Livius Maiorescu]] || [[10 Aprilis]] [[1912]] - [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1914]] || PC
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Iicbratianu.png|50px|Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[15 Ianuarii]] [[1914]] - [[9 Februarii]] [[1918]] || [[Nationaal-Liberale Partij (Roemenië)|PNL]]
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Averescu.png|50px|Alexander Averescu]] || [[Alexander Averescu]] || [[9 Februarii]] [[1918]] - [[15 Martii]] [[1918]] || Militaris
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Marghiloman 2.jpg|50px|Alexander Marghiloman]] || [[Alexander Marghiloman]] || [[15 Martii]] [[1918]] - [[24 Octobris]] [[1918]] || PC
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Constantin Coanda.jpg|50px|Constantinus Coandă]]|| [[Constantinus Coandă]] || [[24 Octobris]] [[1918]] - [[14 Decembris]] [[1918]] || Militaris
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Iicbratianu.png|50px|Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[14 Decembris]] [[1918]] - [[1 Octobris]] [[1919]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=lightcyan
| [[Fasciculus:ArturVaitoianu.jpg|50px|Arthurus Văitoianu]] || [[Arthurus Văitoianu]] || [[1 Octobris]] [[1919]] - [[9 Decembris]] [[1919]] || [[Nationale Partij van Roemenië|PNR]]
|-bgcolor=lightcyan
| [[Fasciculus:Vaida-Voevod.jpg|50px|Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[9 Decembris]] [[1919]] - [[19 Martii]] [[1919]] || PNR
|-bgcolor=#ffdead
| [[Fasciculus:Averescu.png|50px|Alexander Averescu]] || [[Alexander Averescu]] || [[19 Martii]] [[1920]] - [[18 Decembris]] [[1921]] || [[Volkspartij (Roemenië)|PP]]
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Take 1.jpg|50px|Tache Ionescu]] || [[Tache Ionescu]] || [[18 Decembris]] [[1921]] - [[19 Ianuarii]] [[1922]] || [[Conservatieve Democratische Partij (Roemenië)|PCD]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Iicbratianu.png|50px|Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[19 Ianuarii]] [[1922]] - [[30 Martii]] [[1926]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=#ffdead
| [[Fasciculus:Averescu.png|50px|Alexander Averescu]] || [[Alexander Averescu]] || [[30 Martii]] [[1926]] - [[4 Iunii]] [[1927]] || PP
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Barbu Stirbey.jpg|50px|Barbu Stirbey]] || Princeps [[Barbu Stirbey]] || [[4 Iunii]] [[1927]] - [[21 Iunii]] [[1927]] || sine factione
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Iicbratianu.png|50px|Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[Ioannes Brătianu]] || [[21 Iunii]] [[1927]] - [[24 Novembris]] [[1927]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Vintila Bratianu - Foto01.jpg|50px|Vintilă Brătianu]]|| [[Vintilă Brătianu]] || [[24 Novembris]] [[1927]] - [[11 Novembris]] [[1928]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Iuliu Maniu.jpg|50px|Iulius Maniu]] || [[Iulius Maniu]] || [[11 Novembris]] [[1928]] - [[8 Iunii]] [[1930]] || [[Nationale Boerenpartij (Roemenië)|PNT]]
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Mironescu.PNG|50px|Georgius Mironescu]] || [[Georgius Mironescu]] || [[8 Iunii]] [[1930]] - [[13 Iunii]] [[1930]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Iuliu Maniu.jpg|50px|Iulius Maniu]] || [[Iulius Maniu]] || [[13 Iunii]] [[1930]] - [[10 Octobris]] [[1930]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Mironescu.PNG|50px|Georgius Mironescu]] || [[Georgius Mironescu]] || [[10 Octobris]] [[1930]] - [[19 Aprilis]] [[1931]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:RetratoNicolaeIorga.png|50px|Nicolaus Iorga]] || [[Nicolaus Iorga]] || [[19 Aprilis]] [[1931]] - [[6 Iunii]] [[1932]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Vaida-Voevod.jpg|50px|Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[6 Iunii]] [[1932]] - [[19 Octobris]] [[1932]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Iuliu Maniu.jpg|50px|Iulius Maniu]] || [[Iulius Maniu]] || [[19 Octobris]] [[1932]] - [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1933]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Vaida-Voevod.jpg|50px|Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[Alexander Vaida-Voevod]] || [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1933]] - [[14 Novembris]] [[1933]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:IonDuca.jpg|50px|Ioannes Duca]] || [[Ioannes Duca]] || [[14 Novembris]] [[1933]] - [[29 Decembris]] [[1933]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Constantin Angelescu.jpg|50px|Constantinus Angelescu]]|| [[Constantinus Angelescu]] || [[29 Decembris]] [[1933]] - [[3 Ianuarii]] [[1934]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Gheorghe Tătărescu.jpg|50px|Georgius Tătărescu]] || [[Georgius Tătărescu]] || [[3 Ianuarii]] [[1934]] - [[28 Decembris]] [[1937]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=lightblue
| [[Fasciculus:Octavian Goga.jpg|50px|Octavianus Goga]] || [[Octavianus Goga]] || [[28 Decembris]] [[1937]] - [[11 Februarii]] [[1938]] || [[Conservatieve Progressieve Partij (Roemenië)|PCP]]
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Miron Cristea2.jpg|50px|Patriarcha Myron Cristea]]|| Patriarcha [[Myron Cristea]] || [[11 Februarii]] [[1938]] - [[6 Martii]] [[1939]] || sine factione
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Armand Calinescu.jpg|50px|Armandus Călinescu]] || [[Armandus Călinescu]] || [[7 Martii]] [[1939]] - [[21 Septembris]] [[1939]] || [[Front voor Nationale Renaissance|FRN]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Argeseanu Gheorghe2.jpg|50px|Georgius Argeşanu]] || [[Georgius Argeşanu]] || [[21 Septembris]] [[1939]] - [[28 Septembris]] [[1939]] || FRN
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Argeto.jpg|50px|Constantinus Argetoianu]] || [[Constantinus Argetoianu]] || [[28 Septembris]] [[1939]] - [[24 Novembris]] [[1939]] || FRN
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Gheorghe Tătărescu.jpg|50px|Georgius Tătărescu]] || [[Georgius Tătărescu]] || [[24 Novembris]] [[1939]] - [[4 Iulii]] [[1940]] || FRN/[[Partij van de Natie (Roemenië)|PN]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Ion Gigurtu.jpg|50px|Ioannes Gigurtu]]|| [[Ioannes Gigurtu]] || [[4 Iulii]] [[1940]] - [[4 Septembris]] [[1940]] || PN
|-bgcolor=white
||| [[Ioannes Antonescu]] || [[4 Septembris]] [[1940]] - [[23 Augusti]] [[1944]] || Militaris
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Iuliu Maniu.jpg|50px|Iulius Maniu]] || [[Iulius Maniu]] || [[23 Augusti]] [[1944]] - [[27 Augusti]] [[1944]] || PNT
|-bgcolor=#faf5ff
| [[Fasciculus:Horia Sima.jpg|50px|Horia Sima]] || [[Horia Sima]] || [[24 Augusti]] [[1944]] - [[12 Aprilis]] [[1945]] || [[IJzeren Garde|TPT]] ([[Vindobona]]e)
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:ConstantinSanatescu.jpg|50px|Constantinus Sănătescu]] || [[Constantinus Sănătescu]] || [[27 Augusti]] [[1944]] - [[2 Decembris]] [[1944]] || Militaris
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Nicolae Radescu.jpg|50px|Nicolaus Rădescu]] || [[Nicolaus Rădescu]] || [[2 Decembris]] [[1944]] - [[6 Martii]] [[1945]] || Militaris
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Petru Groza joben.jpg|50px|Petrus Groza]] || [[Petrus Groza]] || [[6 Martii]] [[1945]] - [[30 Decembris]] [[1947]] || [[Landbouwersfront|FP]]/[[Volksdemocratisch Front|FDP]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EFEFEF&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot;|'''&lt;center&gt;Praesides ministrorum&lt;/center&gt;'''
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Petru Groza joben.jpg|50px|Petrus Groza]] || [[Petrus Groza]] || [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1948]] - [[2 Iunii]] [[1952]] || FDP
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Gheorghiu Dej.jpg|50px|Georgius Gheorgiu-Dej]] || [[Georgius Gheorghiu-Dej]] || [[2 Iunii]] [[1952]] - [[2 Octobris]] [[1955]] || [[Roemeense Communistische Partij|PMR]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Chivu Stoica.jpg|50px|Chivu Stoica]]|| [[Chivu Stoica]] || [[2 Octobris]] [[1955]] - [[21 Martii]] [[1961]] || PMR
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Ion Gheorghe Maurer.jpg|50px|Ioannes Gheorghe Maurer]]|| [[Ioannes Maurer]] || [[21 Martii]] [[1961]] - [[29 Martii]] [[1974]] || PMR; [[1965]] [[Roemeense Communistische Partij|RCP]]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Manea Manescu.jpg|50px|Manea Mănescu]]|| [[Manea Mănescu]] || [[29 Martii]] [[1974]] - [[29 Martii]] [[1979]] || RCP
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Ilie Verdet.jpg|50px|Ilie Verdeţ]]|| [[Elias Verdeţ]] || [[29 Martii]] [[1979]] - [[21 Maii]] [[1982]] || RCP
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; 
| [[Fasciculus:Constantin Dascalescu.jpg|50px|Constantin Dăscălescu]] || [[Constantinus Dăscălescu]] || [[21 Maii]] [[1982]] - [[22 Decembris]] [[1989]] || PCR
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EFEFEF&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot;|'''&lt;center&gt;Primi ministri&lt;/center&gt;'''
|-bgcolor=tan
| [[Fasciculus:Petre Roman.jpg|50px|Petrus Roman]] || [[Petrus Roman]] || [[22 Decembris]] [[1989]] - [[21 Octobris]] [[1991]] || [[Front voor Nationale Redding|FSN]]
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Theodor Stolojan.PNG|50px|Theodorus Stolojan]] || [[Theodorus Stolojan]] || [[21 Octobris]] [[1991]] - [[4 Novembris]] [[1992]] || sine factione
|-bgcolor=pink
| [[Fasciculus:Nicolae Văcăroiu.jpg|50px|Nicolae Văcăroiu]] || [[Nicolaus Văcăroiu]] || [[4 Novembris]] [[1992]] - [[12 Decembris]] [[1996]] || sine factione; [[Partij van Sociaaldemocratie van Roemenië|PDSR]]
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Victor_Ciorbea_(1).JPG|50px|Victor Ciorbea]] || [[Victor Ciorbea]] || [[12 Decembris]] [[1996]] - [[30 Martii]] [[1998]] || [[Factio Christiana democratica nationalis colonorum|PNT-CD]]
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
|  || [[Gabriel Dejeu]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(ad interim)&lt;/small&gt; || [[30 Martii]] [[1998]] - [[15 Aprilis]] [[1998]] || [[Factio Christiana democratica nationalis colonorum|PNT-CD]]
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc
| [[Fasciculus:Radu_Vasile(2).tif|50px|Radu Vasile]] || [[Radu Vasile]] || [[15 Aprilis]] [[1998]] - [[14 Decembris]] [[1999]] || PNT-CD
|-bgcolor=pink
|  || [[Alexander Athanasiu]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(ad interim)&lt;/small&gt; || [[14 Decembris]] [[1999]] - [[22 Decembris]] [[1999]] || PSDR
|-bgcolor=white
| [[Fasciculus:Mugur_Isărescu.jpg|50px|Mugur Isărescu]] || [[Mugur Isărescu]] || [[22 Decembris]] [[1999]] - [[28 Decembris]] [[2000]] || 
|-bgcolor=pink
| [[Fasciculus:Adrian Năstase.jpg|50px|Hadrianus Năstase]]|| [[Hadrianus Năstase]] || [[28 Decembris]] [[2000]] - [[21 Decembris]] [[2004]] || PDSR; [[2001]] [[Factio socialis democratica (Romania)|PSD]]
|-bgcolor=pink
| [[Fasciculus:5._Reuniunea_BPN_al_PSD_-_17.03.2014_(13216493103)_(cropped).jpg|50px|Eugenius Bejinariu]] || [[Eugenius Bejinariu]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(ad interim)&lt;/small&gt; || [[21 Decembris]] [[2004]] - [[29 Decembris]] [[2004]] || PSD
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
| [[Fasciculus:Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu at a government meeting.jpg|50px|Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu]]|| [[Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu]] || [[28 Decembris]] [[2004]] - [[22 Decembris]] [[2008]]|| PNL
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Emil Boc.jpg|50px|Aemilius Boc]] || [[Aemilius Boc]] || [[22 Decembris]] [[2008]] - [[6 Februarii]] [[2012]]|| PD -L
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Cătălin Predoiu 2008.jpg|50px|Cătălin Predoiu]] || [[Cătălin Predoiu]] || [[6 Februarii]] [[2012]] - [[9 Februarii]] [[2012]] 
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Mihai_Răzvan_Ungureanu_2013-11-23.jpg|50px|Michael Răzvan Ungureanu]]|| [[Michael Răzvan Ungureanu]] || [[9 Februarii]] [[2012]] - [[27 Aprilis]] [[2012]]|| PNL
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Wiki ponta.jpg|50px|Victor Ponta]] || [[Victor Ponta]]&lt;br /&gt; || [[7 Maii]] [[2012]] - [[4 Novembris]] [[2015]] || PSD
|-
|[[Fasciculus:SorinCîmpeanu2015.jpg|50px|Sorin Cîmpeanu]] || [[Sorin Cîmpeanu]] (pro tempore)&lt;br /&gt; || [[5 Novembris]] [[2015]] - [[17 Novembris]] [[2015]] || 
|-
|[[Fasciculus:Dacian_Ciolos_February_2013.jpg|50px|Dacianus Cioloş]] || [[Dacianus Cioloş]]&lt;br /&gt; || [[17 Novembris]] [[2015]] - [[4 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] || 
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Sorin_Grindeanu,_interview_Feb_2015.jpg|50px|Sorin Grindeanu]] || [[Sorin Grindeanu]]&lt;br /&gt; || [[4 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] - [[21 Iunii]] [[2017]] || PSD
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Mihai_Tudose_2018.jpg|50px|Mihai Tudose]] || [[Michael Tudose]] || [[29 Iunii]] [[2017]] - [[16 Ianuarii]] [[2018]] || PSD
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Mihai-Viorel Fifor.jpg|50px|Michael Viorel Fifor]] || [[Michael Viorel Fifor]] (pro tempore) || [[16 Ianuarii 2018]] - [[29 Ianuarii]] [[2018]] || PSD
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Vasilica-Viorica_Dăncilă_interview_2015.jpg|50px|Viorica Dăncilă]] || [[Viorica Dăncilă]] || 29 Ianuarii 2018 - [[4 Novembris]] [[2019]]|| PSD
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:EPP Summit, Sibiu, May 2019 (47021083044) (cropped).jpg|50px|Ludovicus Orban]]|| [[Ludovicus Orban]] || [[4 Novembris]] [[2019]] - [[7 Decembris]] [[2020]] || PNL
|-
|[[Fasciculus:NicolaeCiuca.jpg|50px|Nicolaus Ciucă]] || [[Nicolaus Ciucă]] (pro tempore) || [[7 Decembris]] [[2020]] - [[23 Decembris]] [[2020]] || sine factione
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Florin_Cîțu_-_jan_2020.jpg|50px|Florinus Cîțu]] || [[Florinus Cîțu]] || [[23 Decembris]] [[2020]] - [[25 Novembris]] [[2021]] || PNL
|-
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:NicolaeCiuca.jpg|50px|Nicolaus Ciucă]] || [[Nicolaus Ciucă]] || [[25 Novembris]] [[2021]] - [[12 Iunii]] [[2023]] || PNL
|-
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Cătălin Predoiu 2008.jpg|50px|Cătălin Predoiu]] || [[Cătălin Predoiu]] (pro tempore) || [[12 Iunii]] [[2023]] - [[15 Iunii]] [[2023]] || PNL
|-bgcolor=pink
|[[Fasciculus:Marcel Ciolacu (18 January 2024) (cropped).jpg|50px|Marcel Ciolacu]] || [[Marcel Ciolacu]]&lt;br /&gt; || [[15 Iunii]] [[2023]] - [[6 Maii]] [[2025]] || PSD
|-
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Cătălin Predoiu 2008.jpg|50px|Cătălin Predoiu]] || [[Cătălin Predoiu]] (pro tempore) || [[6 Maii]] [[2025]] - [[23 Iunii]] [[2025]] || PNL
|-
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot;
|[[Fasciculus:Ilie Bolojan (16 April 2026) (cropped).jpg|50px|Ilie Bolojan]] || [[Ilie Bolojan]] || [[23 Iunii]] [[2025]] - [[20 Octobris]] [[2026]]|| PNL
|-
|[[Fasciculus:First press conference of PM Luca Niculescu (cropped).jpg|50px|Luca Niculescu]] || [[Luca Niculescu]] || [[20 Octobris]] [[2026]] - || sine factione
|}

=== Explicatio colorum ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-bgcolor=white align=center
| '''Neutralis aut Militaris'''
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F7F6A8&quot; align=center
| '''Liberalis'''
|-bgcolor=lightblue align=center
| '''Conservativus'''
|-bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
| '''Agricultor'''
|-bgcolor=lightcyan align=center
| '''Nationalista'''
|-bgcolor=#ffdead align=center
| '''Populista'''
|-bgcolor=&quot;#DCE5E5&quot; align=center
| '''Nationalista (coniunctus [[Partij voor Roemeense Renaissance|FRN]]/[[Partij van de Natie (Roemenië)|PN]]'''
|-bgcolor=&quot;#F8C080&quot; align=center
| '''Communista'''
|-bgcolor=tan align=center
| '''Democratus (coniunctus [[Front voor Nationale Redding|FSN]])'''
|-bgcolor=pink align=center
| '''Socialdemocratus'''
|}

=== Abbreviationes ===
* PL = [[Factio Liberalis]]
* PC = [[Factio Conservativa]]
* PNR [[Factio Nationalis Romaniae]] 
* PCP = [[Factio Conservativa Progressista]] 
* PP = [[Factio Populi]]
* PCD = [[Factio Conservativa Democratica]]
* PNL = [[Factio Nationalis Liberalis (Romania)|Factio Nationalis Liberalis]]
* PNC = [[Factio Nationalis Christiana]]
* FRN = [[Motus Renascentiae Nationalis]]
* PN = [[Factio Nationis]]
* TPT = [[Cohors Ferrica]]
* FP = [[Motus Aratorum]]
* FDP = [[Motus Democratiae Popularis]]
* PMR = [[Factio Operariorum Dacoromanorum]]
* PCR = [[Factio Communista Dacoromana]]
* FSN = [[Motus Salvationis Nationalis]]
* PDSR = [[Factio Socialdemocratica Romaniae]]
* PNT-CD = [[Factio Nationalis Agricultorum Christianorum Democraticorum]]
* PSDR = [[Factio Socialdemocratica Romaniae]]
* PSD = [[Socialis Democratica Factio (Romania)|Factio Socialdemocratica]]
* PD - [[Partidul Democrat-Liberal|Factio Democratica Liberalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025853/http://www.gov.ro/prim-ministri-in-istorie__c36l1p1.html Index praesidum ministrorum in pagina Consilii Ministorum Romaniae]

[[Categoria:Indices ministrorum|Romania]]
[[Categoria:Historia Romaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>9rndm7awnuahv0ez3fj6lqltpeyjcwj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaius Antonius Hybrida</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis... */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6265" sha1="3g95n5wce6mk9rwc5sxoqpb1xml11xa" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Gaius Antonius Hybrida}} (natus circa annum [[106 a.C.n.]]; mortuus post annum [[42 a.C.n.]]) fuit vir consularis [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]]. Anno [[63 a.C.n.]] collega [[Cicero]]nis in [[consul|consulatu]] fuit. Tum occulte [[Coniuratio Catilinae|coniurationi Catilinae]] favisse dicebatur, quam armis opprimere coactus est.

== De gente ==
Nobili gente plebeia Antoniorum ortus, Gaius filius clarissimi oratoris [[Marcus Antonius (consul 99 a.C.n.)|Marci Antonii]] et frater minor [[Marcus Antonius Creticus|Marci Antonii Cretici]], ita patruus [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] [[Marcus Antonius|Marci Antonii]] et eius fratris [[Lucius Antonius|Lucii Antonii]] erat. Duae filiae ei fuerunt : Antonia Hybrida Maior [[Lucius Caninius Gallus (tribunus plebis)|Lucio Caninio Gallo]] nupsit et Antonia Hybrida Minor patrueli [[Marcus Antonius|Marco Antonio]] a quo repudiata est&lt;ref&gt;[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Marci Antonii (Plutarchus)|Ant]]''. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
[[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Bello Mithridatico]] [[Sylla]]m in [[Asia Minor|Asiam]] secutus est (87-83 a.C.n.), ut aequum erat : nam patrem Marcum Antonium [[Gaius Marius|Mariani]] interfecerunt. In quo bello praefectus equitum in Graecia fuit ubi varia furta commisisse dicitur : certe repetundarum a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaio Caesare]] anno [[76 a.C.n.]] accusatus, tum absolutus est&lt;ref&gt;[[Plutarchus]], ''Caesar'' 4. [[Quintus Tullius Cicero|Q. Cicero]], ''Pet. Cons.'' 8. [[Quintus Asconius Pedianus|Asconius]] ''Tog''. 88.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iam senator anno [[70 a.C.n.]] erat quia illo anno a severis [[Censor|censoribus]] [[Lucius Gellius Publicola (cos. 72 a.C.n.)|Lucio Gellio]] et [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus|Gnaeo Cornelio Lentulo]] indignitatis causa e senatu expulsus est&lt;ref&gt;Quintus Cicero 8.&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Tribunus plebis]] circa 68 a.C.n., [[praetor]] 66 a.C.n. cum Cicerone ludos magnificos edidit cum scaena argentea&lt;ref&gt;''[[Pro Murena]]'' 40. [[Valerius Maximus]] II.4.6. [[Plinius Maior|Plinius]] ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|HN]]'' 33.53.&lt;/ref&gt;, [[consul]] 63 a.C.n. cum eodem Cicerone factus est. Illis [[Comitia|comitiis]] societatem iniisse dicitur cum [[Lucius Sergius Catilina|Catilina]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Asconius]] 83. [[Quintus Tullius Cicero|Quintus Cicero]] 8.C&lt;/ref&gt; ut ambo consules fierent, repulso Cicerone. Quae spes eum fefellit. Nihilominus [[Coniuratio Catilinae|coniurationi]] favit, ignave tamen et occulte ob metum, et mense decembri in ipsum Catilinam ad [[Faesulae|Faesulas]] in Etruriam cum exercitu a senatu missus est. Tunc morbum sive verum sive fictum adlegans pugnae non interfuit sed legiones legato [[Marcus Petreius|Marco Petreio]] tradidit qui Catilinarios ad [[Pistorium]] delevit (ianuario [[62 a.C.n.]]). Quia Antonii auspiciis pugnatum erat imperator a militibus conclamatus est, sed mortuorum numerus minor fuit quam ut [[Triumphus|triumphare]] posset.

Cicero qui Romae manere cupiebat [[Macedonia (provincia Romana)|provinciam Macedoniam]] quam sorte duxerat collegae cessit, qui proconsul Macedoniae annis 62-60 a.C.n. fuit. in proconsulatu gloriam adeptus non est : non tantum enim socios populi Romani diripuit&lt;ref&gt; ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum]]'' I.12.1-2&lt;/ref&gt; sed etiam a [[Bastarni|Bastarnis]] et [[Dardani|Dardanis]] victus [[Aquila (signum)|aquilas]] [[Legio Romana|legionum]] suarum amisit&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] 38.10. [[Titus Livius]] ''Per''. 103.&lt;/ref&gt;. Postquam Romam rediit Gaius Antonius Hybrida maiestatis et repetundarum a [[Marcus Caelius Rufus|Marco Caelio Rufo]] et [[Quintus Fabius Maximus (consul 45 a.C.n.)|Quinto Fabio Maximo]] et Lucio Caninio Gallo (qui eius gener postea fuit !) postulatus et a iudicibus damnatus in insulam [[Cephallenia]]m exsul proficisci constituit (59 a.C.n.). Quae in Catilinae coniuratione gesserat quoque accusatores, qui ab ipso Caesare contra eum subornati a Cicerone dicebantur, ei obiciebant : quocirca Cicero eum defendit et ita inimicitiam Caesaris consulis sibi meruit&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXVIII.9. [[Cicero|Cic]]. ''Pro Flacco'' 5 et 95. [http://www.attalus.org/latin/bobiensia1.html Scholia Bobiensia ad Flac. 5.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Certe Antonius damnatus velut dominus insulae in Cephallenia opulentam vitam agebat et iam novam urbem ibi condere  in animo habebat&lt;ref&gt;{{Strabo}} X.2.13&lt;/ref&gt;. Nec ante Caesarem [[Dictatura|dictatorem]] Antonius Romam revocatus est, cum denuo ei in [[Curia Hostilia|Curia]] inter senatores sedere licuit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''[[Philippicae (Cicero)|Phil]]''. II,98-99&lt;/ref&gt;. Quin etiam anno 42 a.C.n., cum [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] Romae dominabantur, Marci Antonii gratia [[Censor|censor]] cum Publio Servilio Rufo electus est. Brevi postea obisse videtur.

== Fontes ==
*[[Quintus Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius]], ''In orationem in toga candida''
* [[Cassius Dio]], libro XXXVII ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'', cap. 25, 30, 32-33, 39-40 necnon libro XXXVIII cap. 10.
* [[Cicero]], libro quinto ''[[Epistulae ad familiares|Epistularum ad Familiares]]'' 5 et 6.3.
** ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum]]'' I.12.1-2
** ''Pro Sestio'' III,8.
** ''Pro Flacco'' 5 et 95.
** ''In Vatinium'' 27-28.
**secunda ''[[Philippicae (Cicero)|Philippica]]'' 98.
*[[Quintus Tullius Cicero|Quintus Cicero]], ''[[Commentariolum petitionis]]'' 7-9.
* [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Ciceronis (Plutarchus)|Cicero]]'' XI-XII et XVI.
* [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallustius]], ''[[Catilinae coniuratio (Sallustius)|Catilinae coniuratio]]'' 21, 57-61.
*{{Strabo}} X.2.13

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis... ==
* Marie-Claire Ferriès, ''[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/4514 Les partisans d'Antoine : des orphelins de César aux complices de Cléopâtre]''. Burdigalae : Ausonius, 2007 : [https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/4586#anchor-toc-1-10 328-329]
* E.S. Gruen, '[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41528651 The Trial of C. Antonius]', ''Latomus'' 1973(32) : 301-310.
* Leonie Hayne, 'The Political Astuteness of the Antonii', ''L'antiquité classique'' 1978(47) : 96-105 [http://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1978_num_47_1_1884 Hic legere potes]

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 a.C.n.|saeculo 1 a.C.n.|Antonius Hybrida, Gaius}}

[[Categoria:Censores]]
[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Antonia|Hybrida, Gaius]]
[[Categoria:Proconsules Macedoniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 a.C.n.)</title>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="9689" sha1="4akemh3w067zrf7nv9p0d0tg59r7mfx" xml:space="preserve">'''Lucius [[Calpurnii Pisones|Calpurnius Piso]] Caesoninus''' (natus inter 105 et[[100 a.C.n.]]; mortuus [[43 a.C.n.]] vel paulo post) in [[respublica Romana|republica Romana]], fuit socer [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]] et unus e [[consul]]ibus anni [[58 a.C.n.]]. Hic est Piso in quem vehementer invectus [[Cicero]] [[oratio]]nem ''In Pisonem'' habuit atque edidit. Nihilominus, [[bellum civile|bello civili]] noluit quicquam contra [[Pompeius|Pompeium]] agere.

== De familia ==
Gens Calpurnia plebeia erat, fortasse [[Etrusci|Tusca]] origine. In qua gente [[Calpurnius Piso|Calpurnii Pisones]] praecipua ac nobilissima familia erat (multos enim [[consul]]es [[respublica Romana|Reipublicae Romanae]] dedit)&lt;ref&gt;Iris Hofmann-Löbl, ''Die Calpurnii. Politisches Wirken und familiäre Kontinuität'', Peter Lang, 1996. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1998_num_67_1_1314 Recensio critica]&lt;/ref&gt;. Hic Piso erat :
* filius Lucii Calpurnii Pisonis Caesonini, qui ultra [[quaestor]]iam dignitatem progressus esse non videtur&lt;ref&gt;Negotiator esse maluit, armis exercituum Romanorum fabricandis praepositus (''In Pisonem'' 87).&lt;/ref&gt;. Mater vero secundum [[Cicero]]nem filia erat cuiusdam negotiatoris [[Galli]]ci Calventii nomine, quod magnus orator et exprobrabat et deridebat. Ita coram senatoribus haec tria nomina ei dedit : Caesoninus Semiplacentinus Calventius&lt;ref&gt;''In Pisonem'' 14. Semiplacentinus quod familia soceri [[Placentia]]e consederat. Cognomen Caesoninus ipsum per se indicat Pisonis huius maiores adoptione quidem Calpurnios Pisones factos esse, sed antiquitus ex obscura gente Caesonia ortos esse.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* nepos Lucii Calpurnii Pisonis Caesonini, [[consul]]is [[112 a.C.n.]], mortui [[107 a.C.n.]] in proelio adversus [[Helvetii|Helvetios]].
* pronepos Lucii Calpurnii Pisonis Caesonini [[consul]]is [[148 a.C.n.]] qui et ipse filius videtur fuisse Gai Calpurnii Pisonis [[consul]]is [[180 a.C.n.]].

Porro filiam [[Calpurnia (uxor Caesaris)|Calpurniam]] anno [[59 a.C.n.]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesari]] collocavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXVIII,9.&lt;/ref&gt;, cuius uxor per quindecim annos usque ad mortem dictatoris remansit. Filium quoque habuit [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso Pontifex|Lucium Calpurnium Pisonem Pontificem]], qui anno [[15 a.C.n.]] [[consul]] fuit.

== De cursu honorum ==
* [[64 a.C.n.]] [[Aedilis]]
* [[61 a.C.n.]] [[Praetor]]
* [[58 a.C.n.]] [[Consul]]
* [[57 a.C.n.|57]]–[[55 a.C.n.]] [[Proconsul]] in [[Macedonia (provincia Romana)|Macedonia]]. &quot;Imperator&quot; a militibus est appellatus.
* [[50 a.C.n.]] [[Censor]]

Sine repulsa Lucius Piso, maiorum nobilitate subnixus, cursum honorum percurrit. Anno [[59 a.C.n.]] filiam [[Calpurnia (uxor Caesaris)|Calpurniam]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaio Caesari]] collocavit, qua adfinitate [[Triumviratus|triumvirum]] partibus sese adiunxit. Facile tum, socero [[consul]]e, [[consul]] ad annum [[58 a.C.n.]] cum [[Aulus Gabinius|Aulo Gabinio]] factus est. Consulatu suo Piso [[Tribunus plebis|tribunum]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Publium Clodium]], qui Caesaris voluntatibus obsequebatur, multas leges [[Triumviratus|triumviris]]&lt;ref&gt;Id est Caesar, Pompeius et Crassus.&lt;/ref&gt; quidem placentes sed maiori parti [[Senatus Romanus|senatorum]] displicentes ferre volens passus est : de collegiis restituendis, de lege Aelia Fufia abroganda, de [[Censor|censoria]] potestate minuenda, praesertim vero de exsilio [[Cicero]]nis. Tum Cicero Pisonem consulem auxilium frustra rogavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 38.15-16.&lt;/ref&gt; : quod factum eo indignius tulit, quod et ipse adfinitate cum [[Gens Calpurnia|gente Calpurnia]] coniuncus erat. Nam filiam Tulliam adulescenti Gaio Pisoni &lt;ref&gt;Hic adulescens anno [[57 a.C.n.]] mortuus est, antequam Cicero exsilio reverteretur.&lt;/ref&gt;collocarat, qui primus eius gener fuit. Clodius Pisoni gratiam reddidit et a populo impetravit, ut [[Macedonia (provincia Romana)|provincia Macedonia]] ei post [[consul]]atum decerneretur. Ut multi alii, [[proconsul]] Piso provinciales expilasse videtur&lt;ref&gt;[[Catullus]] 47. [[Cicero]] ''In Pisonem'' (cum exaggeratione).&lt;/ref&gt;. Certe, postquam [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] [[Titus Annius Milo|Miloneque]] auctoribus exsilio revocatus est, [[Cicero]] eum multorum flagitiorum accusavit in oratione ''De Provinciis consularibus'' anno [[56 a.C.n.]] habita, ac sic obtinuit a senatu ut citius quam speraverat Piso Romam redire cogeretur. Vehementer iratus Piso Ciceronem in senatu conviciis oneravit et Cicero oratione ''In Pisonem'' inscripta ei respondit. Nec in ea oratione ullum maledictum, quod adversus inimicum dici posset, praetermisit ([[55 a.C.n.]]). Ultra ei nocere tamen non potuit, quia Piso adfinitate Caesaris et amicitia Pompei tutus erat. Itaque post nonnullos annos, Pompeio suffragante, censor etiam factus est cum [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appio Claudio]], quae potestas in [[Respublica Romana|republica Romana]] maximam auctoritatem conferebat ([[50 a.C.n.]]). Quorum censura insignis fuit severitate erga [[Sallustius|Sallustium]] historicum, quem e [[Senatus Romanus|senatu]] amoverunt turpium morum causa. Tum [[bellum civile]] inter Pompeium et Caesarem irrupit ([[49 a.C.n.]], mense Ianuario) : neutrius partes amplecti sed conciliator esse pacis maluit Piso. In quo consilio perstitit etiam Caesare mortuo, cum [[Marcus Antonius]] et senatus dissiderent. Itaque Cicero in ''[[Philippicae (Cicero)|Philippicis]]'' suis modo fortitudinem eius laudat, modo animum ad condiciones pacis proniorem vituperat. Duo post saecula historicus Graecus [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]] orationem finxit quo Piso Ciceroni in senatu responderet&lt;ref&gt;''Bell. civ.'' III,221-249&lt;/ref&gt;. Post annum [[43 a.C.n.]] nihil de Lucio Pisone accepimus.

== De homine ==
Ex [[Cicero]]nis orationibus scimus, ut multos alios propinquos [[Caesar]]is, ita et Pisonem [[Epicurus|Epicuri]] sectam amplexum esse. Nam cum [[Philodemus|Philodemo]]&lt;ref&gt;Circa 1800 ambusta volumina, [[Philodemus|Philodemi]] opera continentia, in villa [[Herculaneum|Herculanensi]] reperta sunt, quae ideo a doctis hominibus [[Villa Papyrorum|&quot;Villa Pisonum&quot; vel ''Papyrorum'']] appellata est.&lt;/ref&gt; Gadarensi, nobili philosopho Epicureo necnon poeta, familiariter vivebat. Nec ideo Ciceroni credendum est nobis persuadenti Pisonem libidinibus omni genere deditum ! Ipse tamen Cicero fatetur faciem Pisonis aliquid censoriae severitatis et austeritatis praebuisse : itaque homines supercilio Pisonis deceptos esse adfirmat. Verisimilius est quod dicit Pisoni facultatem oratoriam omnino defuisse et colorem vultus eius ita nigrum fuisse, ut Syrus homo putaretur. Praeterea arti militari non multum studuisse videtur : nisi enim in [[Macedonia]], cum [[proconsul]] esset, exercitum duxisse non traditur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes ==
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], libro secundo ''Bellorum civilium'' 135-136 necnon libro tertio 202, 221-249
* [[Caesar]], libro primo de ''[[De bello Gallico|Bello Gallico]]'', capitulo 12.
** libro primo de ''[[De bello civili|Bello civili]]'', capitulo 3.
* [[Cicero]], ''In Pisonem'' (necnon Commentarii [[Asconius|Q. Asconii]] ad hanc orationem).
** ''De Provinciis consularibus''
** Pro Sestio 19-21 et 94.
** prima ''[[Philippicae (Cicero)|Philippica]]'' capitulis 10, 14-15, 28.
** duodecima ''Philippica'', capitulis 1-3, 14-15, 18.
* [[Dio Cassius]] libro XXXVIII ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'' cap. 15-16 necnon libro XLI cap. 16.
*[[Flavius Iosephus]], libro quarto decimo ''[[Antiquitates Iudaicae|Antiquitatum Iudaicarum]]'' 220
* [[Philodemus]], ''Anthologia Palatina'' XI,44.
* [[Plutarchus]] ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'', capitulis 47 et 48 et 58.6. ''Cato minor'' 33. ''[[Vita Iulii Caesaris (Plutarchus)|Caesar]]'' 14. ''[[Vita Ciceronis (Plutarchus)|Cicero]]'' 31.
* [[Suetonius]], [[De Vita Caesarum]], in ''Vita Divi Iuli'' capitulis 21 et 83.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Herbert Bloch, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/499961 L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus in Samothrace and Herculaneum]&quot;, ''American Journal of Archaeology'', 1940ː 485-493 
*Phillip DeLacy, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/283040 Cicero's Invective against Piso]&quot;, ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'', 1941ː 49-58
*Pierre Grimal,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1966_num_110_1_11946 Le contenu historique du Contre Pison]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1966ː 95-107
*Jean Hatzfeld,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0007-4217_1909_num_33_1_3225 L. Calpurnius L.f. Piso, proconsul en Grèce]&quot;, ''Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique'', 1909ː 522-525
*Pierre Vesperini, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2009_num_121_2_10909 Que faisaient dans la baie de Naples Pison, Philodème, Virgile et autres Épicuriens? Pour une approche hétérotopique des pratiques philosophiques romaines]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2009ː 515-543

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Calpurnius_90 Lucius Calpurnius Piso] apud [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]]

{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]] et [[Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus]] |
annus= 58 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum [[Aulus Gabinius|Aulo Gabinio]]&lt;br /&gt;|
successores= [[Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther]] et [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 57 a.C.n.)|Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos]]}} 

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 aut 1 a.C.n.|saeculo 1 a.C.n.|Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, Lucius}}

[[Categoria:Censores]]
[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Proconsules Macedoniae]]
[[Categoria:Gens Calpurnia|Caesoninus, Lucius]]
[[Categoria:Senatores]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iacobus Georgius Scott</title>
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[[Fasciculus:ScottAndMitton.jpg|thumb|I. G. Scott cum uxore G. E. Mitton]]
'''Iacobus Georgius Scott''', vulgo ''James George Scott'' postea ''Sir George Scott'') natus in [[Dairsie]] [[Fifa (Scotia)|Fifae]] die [[25 Decembris]] [[1851]]; mortuus die [[4 Aprilis]] [[1935]]), [[Stutgardia]]e educatus, fuit diurnarius [[Scotia|Scoticus]], magister, stator [[Imperium Britannicum|Britannicus]] et scriptor de rebus [[Birmania|Birmanicis]]. Ter connubio iunctus est; cum uxore tertia [[G. E. Mitton]] quattuor [[mythistoria]]s scripsit.

== Opera ==
* 1882 : ''[[The Burman, his life and notions]]'' (pseudonymo [[Shway Yoe]])
* 1885 : ''France and Tongking'' [https://archive.org/details/francetongkingna01scot_0 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;idno=sea038 Textus] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud Cornellianos
* 1886 : ''Burma as it was, as it is and as it will be'' [https://archive.org/details/burmaasitwasasit00scotrich Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* 1900-1901 (cum J. P. Hardiman) : ''[[Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States]]''. 5 voll. [https://www.burmalibrary.org/en/gazetteer-of-upper-burma-and-the-shan-states-part-i-vol-1 1 i] [https://www.burmalibrary.org/en/gazetteer-of-upper-burma-and-the-shan-states-part-i-vol-ii 1 ii] [https://archive.org/details/gazetteerupperb03hardgoog 2 i] [https://archive.org/details/gazetteerupperb02hardgoog 2 ii] [https://www.burmalibrary.org/en/gazetteer-of-upper-burma-and-the-shan-states-part-ii-vol-iii 2 iii]
* 1906 : ''Burma: a handbook of practical information'' [https://archive.org/details/burmahandbookofp00scot Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* 1908 : ''Cursed Luck'' (mythistoria)
* 1918 (cum W. Max Müller) : ''The Mythology of All Races: Egyptian; Indo-Chinese'' [https://archive.org/details/egyptianmytholo00scotgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* 1924 : ''Burma from the earliest times to the present day'' [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463075 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* 1932 : ''Burma and beyond''. Londinii: Grayson and Grayson; [https://archive.org/details/burmabeyond0000jame/page/n7/mode/2up Exemplar mutuabile] apud Internet Archive

=== Mythistoriae cum G. E. Mitton scriptae ===
* 1913 ''In the Grip of the Wild Wa''
* 1922 ''The Green Moth''
* 1923 ''A Frontier Man''
* 1924 ''Under an Eastern Sky''

[[Fasciculus:Fort Stedman.jpg|thumb|Iacobus Georgius Scott (in ordine superiori ad sinistram partem imaginis) cum collegis in castris [[Fort Stedman]] anno 1889]]

== Bibliographia ==
* [[Carolus Crosthwaite|Charles Crosthwaite]], ''The Pacification of Burma''. Londinii, 1912
* [[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], &quot;Sir George Scott, 1851-1935: explorer of Burma's eastern borders&quot; in ''Explorers of South-East Asia'' ed. V. T. King (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press/Penerbit Fajar Bakti, 1995) pp. 108-157. ISBN 967-65-3077-8
* Andrew Marshall, ''The Trouser People: a Story of Burma in the Shadow of the Empire''. Londinii: Penguin; Washingtoniae: Counterpoint, 2002. ISBN 1-58243-120-5
* [[G. E. Mitton]], ''Scott of the Shan Hills''. Londinii: John Murray, 1936 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210818 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* [[Sao Saimong Mangrai|Sao Saimong]], ''The Shan States and the British Annexation''. Cornell: Cornell University, 1969 (2a ed.) [https://www.burmalibrary.org/sites/burmalibrary.org/files/obl/the_shan_states_and_the_british_annexation.pdf Textus]
* Stephen Wheeler, ''History of the Delhi Coronation Durbar''. Dellii, 1991

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Iacobus Georgius}}

[[Categoria:Nati 1851]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1935]]
[[Categoria:Legati Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Magistri]]
[[Categoria:Diurnarii Britanniae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Scotiae]]
[[Categoria:Magistratus Birmaniae Britannici]]
[[Categoria:Ethnographi]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Scotiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Georgica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>18316</id>
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      <comment>de agricola</comment>
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      <text bytes="2839" sha1="1nj2yioyp6lyujdi2qbaidqbpgj2v9c" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Meister des Vergilius Romanus 001.jpg|thumb|Pastor cum gregibus e libro [[manuscriptum|manu scripto]] saec. IV vel V ''Georgicon'': &quot;[[Vergilius Romanus]]&quot; ([[Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana|Vat.]] Lat. 3867) f. 44v]]
[[Fasciculus:RomanVirgilFolio045r.jpg|thumb|Pastor e libro [[manuscriptum|manu scripto]] saec. IV vel V ''Georgicon'': &quot;[[Vergilius Romanus]]&quot; ([[Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana|Vat.]] Lat. 3867) f. 45r]]
'''''Georgica''''' sunt [[poësis didactica|carmen didacticum]] de [[agricola (munus)|agricolarum]] vita [[hexameter|hexametris]] scriptum a [[Vergilius|P. Vergilio Marone]] editumque anno 29 a.C.n. in quattuor libris quorum quisque partem laboris trahit, scilicet proposito argumento in poematis [[prologus|prooemio]], primus [[ager|agros]], alter [[arbor]]es [[vitis]]que (continens etiam illas clarissimas ''laudes Italiae''&lt;ref&gt;Vergilius, ''Georgica'' 2.136-176&lt;/ref&gt;), tertius [[animal]]ia, quartus habendarum [[apicultura|apium cultum]]. Quod opus Vergilii inter primum ''Bucolica'', interest et ultimum, epicum ''[[Aeneis|Aeneidem]]'', cuius rationem quidem in tertii libri prooemio poeta iniecit hisce versibus: ''mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas / Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos'' (3.46-47). [[Maecenas|Maecenati]], cuius sub patrocinio Vergilius tunc erat, ''Georgica'' dedicata sunt.

Commentarii antiqui [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servii]] et [[Marcus Valerius Probus|Probi]] nota sunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
{{Vide-etiam|Publius Vergilius Maro#Bibliographia}}
; Editiones et versiones
* Conte, Gian Biagio, et Silvia Ottaviano. 2013. ''Bucolica et Georgica.'' Berolini: De Gruyter

; De opere
* R. Billiard, ''L'agriculture dans l'antiquité d'après les Géorgiques de Virgile''. Lutetiae, 1928
* L. P. Wilkinson, ''The Georgics of Virgil: a critical survey''. Cantabrigiae, 1969

; De manuscriptis
* Mane Perrine, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_1123-9883_1995_num_107_1_3424 Enluminures médiévales des Géorgiques de Virgile]&quot; in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome. Moyen âge'' vol. 107 (1995) pp. 233-329

{{NexInt}}
*''[[Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas]]''
* [[Laudes Galli]]
* [[Symboli pacis]]
* [[Arrianus (poeta)]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [[s:Georgicon|Textus apud Vicifontem]]
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=26D5FF548F32FE421FEE114E18D06E07?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0059%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Textus et versio apud perseus] {{Ling|Latine|Anglice}}
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/verg.html Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' {{Ling|Latine}}

[[Categoria:Carmina didactica]]
[[Categoria:Italiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Libri de re rustica]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aevi Augustani]]
[[Categoria:Publius Vergilius Maro]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 29 a.C.n.]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Agricola (munus)</title>
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      <comment>de &quot;Georgica&quot; Vergilii</comment>
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      <text bytes="2491" sha1="901o8s8e9dewbkwrkqvmtq0rdrjihft" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Farmer, Nicaragua (rotated).jpg|thumb|Agricola in [[Nicaragua]].]]{{videdis|Agricola}}
'''Agricola''' est [[homo]] qui operam [[agricultura]]e dat, [[organismus|organismos]] [[vita|vivos]] educans ut ad [[cibus|cibum]] vel [[materia cruda|materias crudas]] adhiberi possunt. [[Vocabulum]] plerumque ad homines adhibetur qui [[messis|messes]] agrestes, [[pomarium|pomaria]], [[vinea]]s, [[aves cohortales]], vel aliud [[pecus]] educent. Agricola [[solum]] cultum possidere potest, vel operarius in [[terra (humus)|terra]] ab aliis tento laborare potest, sed in [[oeconomia|oeconomiis]] provectis, agricola plerumque est possessor [[fundus|fundi]], cum eius conducti coloni vel operarii fundi appellantur. Olim autem agricola fuit homo qui [[labor]]e et attento [[animus|animo]] promoveret vel meliorem faceret incrementum [[planta]]rum vel messium, aut [[animalia]] (sicut pecora vel [[piscis|pisces]]) educaret.

[[Fasciculus:Claas Tucano 430 combine harvester.jpg|thumb|''[[Combine harvester]]'' in fundo [[Anglica|Anglico]].]]
==Nexus interni==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Agricultura]]
* [[Agricultura organica]]
* [[Agrobiologia]]
* [[Agronomia]]
* [[Apicultura]]
* [[Consus]]
* [[Falx]]
* ''[[Georgica]]''
* [[Fundus familiae]]
* [[Horticultura]]
*[[Ingeniaria agriculturalis]]
* [[Irrigatio]]
* [[Kibbutz]]
* [[Macellum agricolarum]]
* [[Pastoralismus]]
* [[Pedologia]]
* [[Societas agrariana]]
* [[Tractorium]]
{{div col end}}&lt;!--

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;--&gt;

[[Fasciculus:NRCSCT07047 - Connecticut (716026)(NRCS Photo Gallery).tif|thumb|Agricola [[lac]]tarius in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]].]]
== Bibliographia ==
* Dyer, Christopher. [[2007]]. A Suffolk farmer in the fifteenth century. ''Agricultural History Review'' 55 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 40276126.
* Kirschenmann, Frederick. [[2000]]. How many farmers will we need? ''Leopold Letter'' 12 (4): 3–4. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120502110046/http://www.leopold.iastate.edu/sites/default/files/ll/LeopoldLetter20004.pdf PDF.]
* Schulze, Eberhard. [[2014]]. ''Deutsche Agrargeschichte: 7500 Jahre Landwirtschaft in Deutschland.'' Aachen: Shaker-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8440-2636-8.
* Seidl, Alois. [[2006]]. ''Deutsche Agrargeschichte.'' Francofurti: DLG-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7690-0655-1.

[[Fasciculus:Nepali farmer.jpg|thumb|Agricola in [[Nepalia]].]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Farmers|agricolas}}
{{Wiktionary|Farmers|agricolas}}

{{Myrias|Technologia}}

[[Categoria:Agricultura]]
[[Categoria:Munera]]</text>
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    <title>Marcus Materazzi</title>
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      <text bytes="696" sha1="a2b3o6sdtvkcvuq7lrc2yw7d8f8zorc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Marco Materazzi flickr.jpg|thumb|Marcus Materazzi (2006)]]
{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}

'''Marcus Materazzi''' ([[Lupiae|Lupiis]] die [[19 Augusti]] [[1973]] natus) est [[pedilusor]] [[Italia|Italus]]. Ab anno [[2001]] in turma [[FC Internazionale Milano|Internationali Mediolanensi]] ludit et [[2004]] cum ceteris Italis [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] vicit. Poculum mundi pediludicum ab anno [[2006]] vicit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Marco Materazzi|Marcum Materazzi}}
* [http://www.marcomaterazzi.it/ Marci Materazzi pagina interretialis] 

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1973||Materazzi, Marcus}}

[[Categoria:Pedilusores Italiae]]
[[Categoria:FC Internazionale Milano]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Mortui dicti</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>101670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996161</id>
      <parentid>3351996</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:47:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
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      <text bytes="2331" sha1="gl2qw3todvo9wdt3fqwsgyx3dkm276w" xml:space="preserve">{{Compendia paginae|VP:MD}}[[Fasciculus:Gnome-face-angel.svg|right|48px|Memento mori]]
Haec pagina monstrat commentationes de hominibus quos Vicipaedia Latina vivos putat, dum eos alii vicipaediae mortuos censent.

Noli commentationes nostras (vel alias) sine [[Vicipaedia:Fons|fonte]] emendare. Vicipaediae aliae non sunt fontes apti ad mortes hominum confirmandas. Si tibi est fons mortis huius hominis, potes paginam recensere et categoriam idoneam (e. g. [[:Categoria:Mortui {{CURRENTYEAR}}]]) addere.
Si attamen commentatio apud nos et commentatio apud aliam vicipaediam de hominibus diversis disserunt, paginas recensere potes (sive apud Vicidata, sive apud nos, sive apud alias vicipaedias), nexus ad linguas alias (&quot;nexus intervicos&quot;) rectificando.

[[Usor:MerlBot]] (cuius operator est [[:de:User:Merlissimo]]) hanc indicem creat.

== Index commentationum ==
&lt;!--MB-ProbablyDead--&gt;
=== {{User:MerlBot/pd/list other}} ===
{{User:MerlBot/pd/no entries}}
&lt;!--MB-ProbablyDead--&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;categories=Homines+vivi&amp;wikidata_prop_item_use=P20,P119,P157,P509,P570,P1196,P1442,P1785,P1786,P1818,P3902,P3909,P4551&amp;sortby=title Index hominum quos Vicipaedia Latina vivos putat, dum eos Vicidata mortuos censent]: Si potes et fontem invenis, recense (vide supra)
* [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;categories=Homines+vivi&amp;show_redirects=no&amp;wikidata_item=without&amp;sortby=title Index hominum vivorum sine nexu ad Vicidata (&quot;Unconnected&quot;)]: Si potes, adde nexus ad linguas alias apud Vicidata aut, si absunt, formulam {{fn|Nexus absunt}}
* [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;categories=Homines+vivi&amp;wikidata_source_sites=lawiki&amp;wpiu_no_statements=1&amp;sortby=title Index hominum vivorum (&quot;without statements&quot;)]: Si potes, recense apud Vicidata
* [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;categories=Homines+vivi%0D%0ANexus+desiderati&amp;sortby=title Index hominum vivorum sine nexu ad linguam aliam quaerere (&quot;Nexus desiderati&quot;)]: Si potes, adde nexus ad linguas alias apud Vicidata aut, si absunt, formulam {{fn|Nexus absunt}}
* [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=la&amp;categories=Homines+vivi%0D%0ANexus+usque+adhuc+absunt&amp;sortby=title Index hominum vivorum sine nexu ad linguam aliam quaerere (&quot;Nexus absunt&quot;)]
* [[meta:Death anomalies table]]

[[Categoria:Corrigenda]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Petrimons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>160174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996102</id>
      <parentid>3974366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="1533" sha1="chzkhs5w2b6ldsv4zsbisgnl3a1wh0c" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Petrimons'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt;  vel '''Aquae Petrimontanae'''&lt;ref&gt;Linde, L. von der (1915). ''De thermis et salubritate Aquarum Petrimontanarum: Dissertatio geographica-medica''. Typis Officinae Regiae.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Pyrmontium'''&lt;ref&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1710). ''Antiquitates Walckenredenses: De comitibus de Spiegelberg et Pyrmont''. Ex officina Hertzeriana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bad Pyrmont'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis|Circulo Hamelensi et Petrimontensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Petrimons iam saeculo 12 ex arce [[Archidioecesis Coloniensis|archiepiscopi Coloniae]] condita ab anno [[1815]] caput principatus [[Waldecum-Pyrmontum|Waldeci-Pyrmonti]] erat. Qui ab anno [[1868]] a [[Borussia]] administratus est. Anno [[1914]] urbs fontibus salubribus ornata nomen &quot;Aquae Petrimontanae&quot; accepit. Anno [[1922]] suffragio constituta est, quod urbs ad Borussiam adiungenda esset: A die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1923]] Petrimons ad Circulum Hamelensem et Petrimontensem pertinet.

==Homines illustres==
*[[Udalricus Matthias]], mathematicus

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hannovera (regio)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="5787" sha1="92wlogsqyhx89m8waiveb9vohlbcqow" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Regio Hannovera''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Novembris]] [[2001]] ab urbe Hannovera et Circulo vetere Hannovera condita est. Caput Regionis [[Hannovera]] urbs est.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in H.svg|300px|right|Communia in Regione Hannovera]]
Regio Hannovera 21 communia habet. Haec sunt:
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (33.512 incolae in fine anni 2011)
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (29.833)
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee''), [[urbs]] (20.456)
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (61.652)
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren''), urbs (14.607)
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober''), urbs capitalis (525.875)
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmje''), urbs (18.676)
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen''), commune sui iuris (22.990)
* [[Laatza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen''), urbs et commune sui iuris (40.413)
* [[Lehrta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehrte''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (43.248)
* [[Longa Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Indago&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen''), commune sui iuris et urbs (53.003)
* [[Nova Civitas (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt am Rübenberge'' seu ''Neustadt a. Rbge.''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niestadt''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (45.008)
* [[Pattensen]], urbs (13.944)
* [[Ronnenberg]], oppidum (23.304)
* [[Seelze]], oppidum (32.939)
* [[Sehnde]], oppidum (23.032)
* [[Springe]], oppidum (29.055)
* [[Uetze]] (20.091)
* [[Wedemark]] (29.182)
* [[Wennigsen]] (Deister) (14.099)
* [[Wunstorf]], oppidum (41.048)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hamala-Petrimons]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2001]]</text>
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'''Regio Hannovera''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Novembris]] [[2001]] ab urbe Hannovera et Circulo vetere Hannovera condita est. Caput Regionis [[Hannovera]] urbs est.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in H.svg|300px|right|Communia in Regione Hannovera]]
Regio Hannovera 21 communia habet. Haec sunt:
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (33.512 incolae in fine anni 2011)
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (29.833)
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee''), [[urbs]] (20.456)
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (61.652)
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren''), urbs (14.607)
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober''), urbs capitalis (525.875)
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmje''), urbs (18.676)
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen''), commune sui iuris (22.990)
* [[Laatza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen''), urbs et commune sui iuris (40.413)
* [[Lehrta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehrte''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (43.248)
* [[Longa Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Indago&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen''), commune sui iuris et urbs (53.003)
* [[Nova Civitas (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt am Rübenberge'' seu ''Neustadt a. Rbge.''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niestadt''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (45.008)
* [[Patthenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaPattensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Patthenhusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B78-D/NOB%20I%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Hannover.pdf?utm ''NOB I Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hildebrandus de Patthenhusen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref ([[Theodisce]] ''Pattensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pattjehiusen''), urbs (13.944)
* [[Ronnenberg]], oppidum (23.304)
* [[Seelze]], oppidum (32.939)
* [[Sehnde]], oppidum (23.032)
* [[Springe]], oppidum (29.055)
* [[Uetze]] (20.091)
* [[Wedemark]] (29.182)
* [[Wennigsen]] (Deister) (14.099)
* [[Wunstorf]], oppidum (41.048)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hamala-Petrimons]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2001]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Spider-Man</title>
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    <id>160428</id>
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        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>-{{[[Formula:Disputationes redirectionem comitantes|Disputationes redirectionem comitantes]]}}: Non iam redirectio</comment>
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      <text bytes="1078" sha1="c1p8qp48q8ozycgay27gocofif0j9ns" xml:space="preserve">== De nomine ==
Salve! Nomen pro dolor falsum est. ''Spider-man'' est ''Spider-Man'', cum littera magna in ''man''. Aliquis ut nomen mutare potest?

[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 14:36, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC).
:Me paenitet. Eram negligens.[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 00:27, 20 Iulii 2012 (UTC)
==Nom. vs. Acc.==
Re: &quot;sit 'magnam curam' contra autem 'magna cura'?&quot; Non ita, Donatello, quia 'magna cura' est phrasis subiectum. Nescio autem, an 'cura' re vera sit verbum iustum ad 'responsibility' Latine dicendum; equidem phrasin quasi &quot;with great power come great worries&quot; legerem. [[Usor:Mattie|Mattie]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Mattie|disputatio]]) 15:25, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC)

::Intelligo. Gratias tibi. :)
::[[Usor:Donatello|Donatello]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Donatello|disputatio]]) 15:42, 19 Iulii 2012 (UTC).

Ita. Iste translatia erat per google translate vel quidam rem. [[Usor:Dontuseurrealname|Dontuseurrealname]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Dontuseurrealname|disputatio]]) 02:44, 17 Novembris 2021 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Holtisminnensis</title>
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      <text bytes="14893" sha1="s9egvrhl9i0wa2g09neq3rfopiy6pdn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Holtisminnensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Holzminden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Holtsminne''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[12 Octobris]] [[1832]] a [[Gulielmus (Dux Brunsvici)|Gulielmo]] duce [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvici]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;  est.

== Historia ==
Circulus primo ad Ducatum, deinde ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinebat. A die [[1 Novembris]] [[1941]] circulus Holtisminnensis pars provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e erat. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimo [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulo Northemiensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Northemiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Northeim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Northemiensis-e&quot; ad urbem [[Northemium]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; coniungendus sit.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HOL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Holtisminnensi.]]
Circulus Holtisminnensis 32 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad &quot;communia generalia&quot; (Theodisce &quot;Samtgemeinden&quot;) coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt:

* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'') oppidum (8142 incolae)
* [[Holtisminni]] urbs, caput circuli (19.939)

* [[Bevernense Castrum (commune generale)|Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern''), commune generale (6056)
** [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'') (3946)
** [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'') (979)
** [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'') (440)
** [[Nighunburni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Negenborn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niägenborn'') (691)

* [[Bodonis Insula-Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder-Polle''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs (5546)
** [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'') (1089)
** [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'') (718)
** [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') oppidum (1102)
** [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (1590)
** [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'') (861)
** [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') (1912)
** [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') (482)
** [[Ottenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ottenstein'') oppidum (1189)
** [[Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') (428)
** [[Vahlbruch]] (458)

* [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen''), commune generale (7042)
** [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (2701)
** [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'') (671)
** [[Fürstenberg]] (1167)
** [[Lauenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'') oppidum (2503)

* [[Eschershusa-Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') urbs (5457)
** [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'') (391)
** [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'') (1511)
** [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'') (812)
** [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (996)
** [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen''), urbs (3415)
** [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'') (920)
** [[Hlunia (commune)|Hlunia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlunia&quot;&gt;Nomen communis Theodisce ''Lenne'' dicti suo e homonymo fluvio, Latine &quot;Hlunia&quot; nuncupato, ortum est. Latinum igitur nomen huius communis Latino ex hydronymo etiam derivandum est. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lenne'') (673)
** [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'') (629)
** [[Luerdissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüerdissen'') (448)
** [[Wangelnstedt]] (617)

Praeterea sunt loca quaedam, quae ad nullum commune pertinent. Quae omnia hominibus deserta sunt:

* Boffeshusium&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (23,40 km²)
* Eima&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (12,91 km²)
* Eschershusa&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'') (4,92 km²)
* Grünenplan (22,71 km²)
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'') (15,01 km²)
* Merxhausen (22,50 km²)
* Wenzen (15,84 km²)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Holtisminni]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1832]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14886" sha1="mau2kwhgkvmm4s5bf69ui5d0ummy3cn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Holtisminnensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Holzminden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Holtsminne''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[12 Octobris]] [[1832]] a [[Gulielmus (Dux Brunsvici)|Gulielmo]] duce [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvici]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;  est.

== Historia ==
Circulus primo ad Ducatum, deinde ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinebat. A die [[1 Novembris]] [[1941]] circulus Holtisminnensis pars provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e erat. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimo [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|Circulo Northemiensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Northemiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Northeim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Northemiensis-e&quot; ad urbem [[Northemium]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; coniungendus sit.

== Communia circuli ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HOL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Holtisminnensi.]]
Circulus Holtisminnensis 32 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad &quot;communia generalia&quot; (Theodisce &quot;Samtgemeinden&quot;) coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt:

* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'') oppidum (8142 incolae)
* [[Holtisminni]] urbs, caput circuli (19.939)

* [[Bevernense Castrum (commune generale)|Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern''), commune generale (6056)
** [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'') (3946)
** [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'') (979)
** [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'') (440)
** [[Nighunburni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Negenborn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niägenborn'') (691)

* [[Bodonis Insula-Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder-Polle''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs (5546)
** [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'') (1089)
** [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'') (718)
** [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') oppidum (1102)
** [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (1590)
** [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'') (861)
** [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') (1912)
** [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') (482)
** [[Ottenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ottenstein'') oppidum (1189)
** [[Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') (428)
** [[Vahlbruch]] (458)

* [[Boffeshusium (commune generale)|Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen''), commune generale (7042)
** [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (2701)
** [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -thal : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'') (671)
** [[Fürstenberg]] (1167)
** [[Lauenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'') oppidum (2503)

* [[Eschershusa-Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf''), commune generale (15.375)
** [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'') urbs (5457)
** [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'') (391)
** [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'') (1511)
** [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'') (812)
** [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (996)
** [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen''), urbs (3415)
** [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'') (920)
** [[Hlunia (commune)|Hlunia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlunia&quot;&gt;Nomen communis Theodisce ''Lenne'' dicti suo e homonymo fluvio, Latine &quot;Hlunia&quot; nuncupato, ortum est. Latinum igitur nomen huius communis Latino ex hydronymo etiam derivandum est. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lenne'') (673)
** [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'') (629)
** [[Luerdissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüerdissen'') (448)
** [[Wangelnstedt]] (617)

Praeterea sunt loca quaedam, quae ad nullum commune pertinent. Quae omnia hominibus deserta sunt:

* Boffeshusium&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'') (23,40 km²)
* Eima&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'') (12,91 km²)
* Eschershusa&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'') (4,92 km²)
* Grünenplan (22,71 km²)
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'') (15,01 km²)
* Merxhausen (22,50 km²)
* Wenzen (15,84 km²)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Holtisminni]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1832]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bodonis Insula-Collis</title>
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      <text bytes="5826" sha1="77eimcv10eijcuuevy65sf10rusbm88" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Bodonis Insula-Collis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder-Polle'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] est.
[[Fasciculus:Rathaus von Bodenwerder, Geburtshaus vom Baron von Münchhausen 2.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Sedes administrationis communis generalis et olim castellum [[Baro de Münchhausen|Baronis de Münchhausen]].]]

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] commune generale Bodonis Insula-Collis constitutum est, cum [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs atque vici undecim coniuncti sint, qui iam antea in communibus generalibus Bodonis Insula (Theodisce et Saxonice ''Bodenwerder'') et Collis (Theodisce et Saxonice ''Polle'') collaboraverant&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muenchhausenland.de/index.php?side=content&amp;ID=67&amp;MID=2 Pagina interretialis de condito communi generali Bodonis Insula-Colli].&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Communia ad Bodonis Insulam-Collem pertinentes ==
** [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'') urbs (5546 incolae, sedes administrationis)
** [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''/NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) villa Brac (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'') (1089)
** [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'') (718)
** [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'') oppidum (1102)
** [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (1590)
** [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'') (861)
** [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'') (1912)
** [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'') (482)
** [[Ottenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ottenstein'') oppidum (1189)
** [[Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') (428)
** [[Vahlbruch]] (458)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2010]]</text>
      <sha1>77eimcv10eijcuuevy65sf10rusbm88</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Perdestorphe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>168496</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996091</id>
      <parentid>3977193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Pegestorf]] ad [[Perdestorphe]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="522" sha1="3taagjs6n5t39kqfsw4un4pnno95xph" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Pegestorf''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis]] situm est. Ad Pegestorf etiam vicus Steinmühle pertinet.

== Historia ==
Pegestorf anno [[840]] nomine ''Perderestorpe'' primo in actis descripta est. A die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est.

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>3taagjs6n5t39kqfsw4un4pnno95xph</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996095</id>
      <parentid>3996091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996095</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1276" sha1="n48lixfe9a1f878f66k183zg1w3kslk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Perdestorphe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis]] situm est. Ad Perdestorphe etiam vici [[Lapideum Molendinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapideum Molendinum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://polle-weserbergland.lima-city.de/royal_county_of_polle.html?utm ''Geschichte des königlich hannorschen Amts Polle''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) lapideum molendinum quod vulgariter dicitur steinmole (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Steinmühle'') atque [[Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pegestorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Perdestorphe anno [[840]] nomine ''Perderestorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. A die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>n48lixfe9a1f878f66k183zg1w3kslk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996096</id>
      <parentid>3996095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:18:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996096</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1306" sha1="atmw9ave7wt6ts190cc82hdogthi5su" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Perdestorphe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis]] situm est. Ad Perdestorphe etiam vici [[Lapideum Molendinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapideum Molendinum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://polle-weserbergland.lima-city.de/royal_county_of_polle.html?utm ''Geschichte des königlich hannorschen Amts Polle''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) lapideum molendinum quod vulgariter dicitur steinmole (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Steinmühle'') atque [[Perdestorphe (caput communis)|Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pegestorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Perdestorphe anno [[840]] nomine ''Perderestorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. A die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
      <sha1>atmw9ave7wt6ts190cc82hdogthi5su</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus terrae Poynensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996115</id>
      <parentid>3987570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:58:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <origin>3996115</origin>
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      <text bytes="4098" sha1="g0zr82qgqrnkd7hyf6fwctk7zavs9hh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in PE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Poynensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Poynensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Poynensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Peine'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Poynum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Poynensis-e&quot; redertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Peine''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Paane''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m terram pertinuit, nunc autem ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli:

* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'') (12.339 incolae)
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'') (9265)
* [[Lengethe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII_Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in Lengethe'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 275 S. 259) 1213 ''in Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 660 S. 631) um 1232 ''in Lengethe archidiaconus'' (UB Goslar I Nr. 518 S. 499) 1235 ''in Lengete'' (Orig. Guelf. IV Nr. 50 S. 144) 1256 ''in archidiaconatibus de Barem et Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 992 S. 497) 1311 Lenghedhe apud Vusenam (UB H.Hild. IV Nr. 85 S. 45) 1316 ''in Lengede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lengede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lenge'') (12.859)
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina''), urbs et caput circuli (48.558)
* [[Vechelde]] (16.028)
* [[Wendeburg]] 	(10.027)
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'') (21.394)

== Coniunctiones pagorum ==
* [[Heinola]] ([[Finnia]])
* Powiat Opolski ([[Polonia]])
* [[Nanchang]] ([[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]])

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Peine|Circulum Poynensem}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101070141/https://www.landkreis-peine.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peine circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Poynum</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996107</id>
      <parentid>3973110</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:49:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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[[Fasciculus:Wolfenbüttel Gunzelin.jpg|thumb|Statua conditoris Poyni, Gunzelini de [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyto]].]]
'''Poynum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;&gt;J. S. Ersch, J. G. Gruber: ''Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste''. 3. Sektion O–Z, 15. Teil, Brockhaus, [[Lipsia]]e 1841, S. 1&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Castrum Bognum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Boyanum Castrum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Peyna'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et caput [[Circulus terrae Poynensis|circuli terrae Poynensis]] est. Ad Poynum etiam etiam vici [[Berkum]] (Theodisce ''Berkum''), [[Dungerbecke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchengemeindelexikon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/dungelbeck/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Thidericus plebanus de Dungerbecke'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dungelbeck''), [[Duttenstedi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;spinneklub&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spinneklub.de/content/duttenstedt.html?utm ''spinneklub.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dutten­stedt wird erstmals am 04. Juni 973 in einer Kaiser­urkunde Otto II. als &quot;Duttenstedi&quot; erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Duttenstedt''), [[Essinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Essinghausen''), [[Eycse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''molendinum Eycse'' (...) ''ecclesia in Haddendorpe'' (...) ''decimam in Rodersem'' (...) ''castrum Rosendale'' (...) ''curtem nostram in Smithenstide'' (...) ''in villa Swelethe'' (...) ''Stedherthorpe iuxta Peynam'' (...) ''apud villam Vorden'' (...) ''villanus in Woltorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eixe''), [[Haddendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Handorf''), [[Poynum (caput communis)|Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Peine''), [[Rodersis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Röhrse''), [[Rosendale (Poynum)|Rosendale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Rosenthal''), [[Smithenstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Schmedenstedt''), [[Stedherthorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Stederdorf''), [[Swelethe]] (Theodisce ''Schwicheldt''), [[Vorden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt;/[[Munitio Agri (Poynum)|Munitio Agri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MA&quot;&gt;Toponymum Theodiscum ''Landwehr'' duobus constat elementis, ''Land-'' et ''-wehr''. Vocabulum Theodiscum ''Land'' Latine &quot;ager&quot; reddi potest, praesertim cum de &quot;agro, territorio vel terra culta&quot; agitur; ita ''Land'' = &quot;ager&quot; apud Christophori Cellarii ''Latino-Germanicum sive Germanico-Latinum Lexicon''. Vocabulum autem ''Wehr'', quod a verbo Theodisco ''wehren'' («defendere, tutari») derivatur, ad notionem munitionis et defensionis referri potest; &quot;munitio&quot; enim Latine &quot;rem vel locum ad defensionem comparatum&quot; significare potest. Quare ''Landwehr'' interpretari ut &quot;Munitio agri''.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Vöhrum/Landwehr''), [[Wendessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wendesse'') atque [[Woltorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Woltorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Peine city map 1785.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula urbis Poyni anno 1785 depicta.]]
Poynum anno [[1218]] a Gunzelino de Guelpherbyto conditum est. Postea inter [[Guelphi|Guelphos]] et [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Dioecesem Hildesiensem]] bellum de urbe gestum est. Anno [[1802]] ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit, anno [[1807]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum anno [[1866]] hoc regno iterum ad Borussiam pervenit et anno [[1946]] pars Saxonia Inferioris factum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Peine|Poynum}}
* [http://www.peine.de/ Pagina urbis Poyni (lingua Theodisca)]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1218]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996108</id>
      <parentid>3996107</parentid>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="4805" sha1="jasale2zioef7nq9fd1qf7yu2kevx8s" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Wolfenbüttel Gunzelin.jpg|thumb|Statua conditoris Poyni, Gunzelini de [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyto]].]]
'''Poynum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;&gt;J. S. Ersch, J. G. Gruber: ''Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste''. 3. Sektion O–Z, 15. Teil, Brockhaus, [[Lipsia]]e 1841, S. 1&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Castrum Bognum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Boyanum Castrum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Peyna'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et caput [[Circulus terrae Poynensis|circuli terrae Poynensis]] est. Ad Poynum etiam etiam vici [[Berkum]] (Theodisce ''Berkum''), [[Dungerbecke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchengemeindelexikon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/dungelbeck/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Thidericus plebanus de Dungerbecke'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dungelbeck''), [[Duttenstedi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;spinneklub&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spinneklub.de/content/duttenstedt.html?utm ''spinneklub.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dutten­stedt wird erstmals am 04. Juni 973 in einer Kaiser­urkunde Otto II. als &quot;Duttenstedi&quot; erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Duttenstedt''), [[Essinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Essinghausen''), [[Eycse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''molendinum Eycse'' (...) ''ecclesia in Haddendorpe'' (...) ''decimam in Rodersem'' (...) ''castrum Rosendale'' (...) ''curtem nostram in Smithenstide'' (...) ''in villa Swelethe'' (...) ''Stedherthorpe iuxta Peynam'' (...) ''apud villam Vorden'' (...) ''villanus in Woltorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eixe''), [[Haddendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Handorf''), [[Poynum (caput communis)|Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Peine''), [[Rodersis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Röhrse''), [[Rosendale (Poynum)|Rosendale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Rosenthal''), [[Smithenstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Schmedenstedt''), [[Stedherthorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Stederdorf''), [[Swelethe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Schwicheldt''), [[Vorden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt;/[[Munitio Agri (Poynum)|Munitio Agri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MA&quot;&gt;Toponymum Theodiscum ''Landwehr'' duobus constat elementis, ''Land-'' et ''-wehr''. Vocabulum Theodiscum ''Land'' Latine &quot;ager&quot; reddi potest, praesertim cum de &quot;agro, territorio vel terra culta&quot; agitur; ita ''Land'' = &quot;ager&quot; apud Christophori Cellarii ''Latino-Germanicum sive Germanico-Latinum Lexicon''. Vocabulum autem ''Wehr'', quod a verbo Theodisco ''wehren'' («defendere, tutari») derivatur, ad notionem munitionis et defensionis referri potest; &quot;munitio&quot; enim Latine &quot;rem vel locum ad defensionem comparatum&quot; significare potest. Quare ''Landwehr'' interpretari ut &quot;Munitio agri''.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Vöhrum/Landwehr''), [[Wendessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wendesse'') atque [[Woltorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Woltorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Peine city map 1785.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula urbis Poyni anno 1785 depicta.]]
Poynum anno [[1218]] a Gunzelino de Guelpherbyto conditum est. Postea inter [[Guelphi|Guelphos]] et [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Dioecesem Hildesiensem]] bellum de urbe gestum est. Anno [[1802]] ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit, anno [[1807]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum anno [[1866]] hoc regno iterum ad Borussiam pervenit et anno [[1946]] pars Saxonia Inferioris factum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Peine|Poynum}}
* [http://www.peine.de/ Pagina urbis Poyni (lingua Theodisca)]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1218]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Helmstadiensis</title>
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      <id>3996144</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="8437" sha1="06ch311gx4ryo7hrdxfzez8uvhpb6fn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Helmstadiensi.]]
'''Circulus Helmstadiensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Helmstadiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Helmstedt'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Helmstadium]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Helmstadiensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Helmstedt''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Helmstidde''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1833]] conditus est et ad annum [[1918]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] et ad [[1946]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit, nunc autem ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Helmstadium]] est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'') commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (''Helmstedt'') (23.686)
* [[Lerin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'') (11.466)
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'') urbs (''Königslutter'') (15.666)
* [[Scahuningi]] urbs (''Schöningen'') (11.847)

* [[Grasleba (commune generale)|Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'') commune generale (4661)
** [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe''), sedes administrationis (2441)
** [[Querenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Querenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quernhost'') (536)
** [[Rennau]] (707)
** [[Sanctae Mariae Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Mariental'') (977)

* [[Hese Nemus (commune generale)|Hese Nemus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hese Nemus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bergnamen Heeseberg, vor 1196-1197 (a. 14. Jh.) ''in monte, qui dicitur Hese nemus'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 307) (...)&quot;. Qui mons citatus nomen praesenti communi generali dat.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeseberg'') commune generale (4003)
** [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'') (406)
** [[Gevensleba]] &lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'') (658)
** [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'') (1140)
** [[Söllingen]] (656)
** [[Twieflingen]] (736)

* [[Iugum Elmense Septentrionale (commune generale)|Iugum Elmense Septentrionale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IES&quot;&gt;[https://www.frag-caesar.de/lateinwoerterbuch/iugum-uebersetzung.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Latina vox &quot;iugum&quot; Theodiscam ''Höhenzug''] et Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum ''Nord(-)'' vertit. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Elmensis-e&quot; ad Theodiscum toponynum ''Elm'' refertur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nord-Elm'') commune generale (5.792)
** [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'') (826)
** [[Räbke]] (683)
** [[Süpplingen]] (1739)
** [[Süpplingenburg]] (656)
** [[Warberg]] (854)
** [[Wolsdorf]] (1034)

* [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]] commune generale (12.232)
** [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959)
** [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'') (2106)
** [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -horst : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'') (982)
** [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'') (2620)
** [[Velpke]] (4565)

== Coniunctio pagorum ==
* Powiat Wejherowski ([[Polonia]])

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Helmstedt|Circulus Helmstadiensis}}
* [http://www.helmstedt.de/ Pagina interretialis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Helmstadiensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1833]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Grasleba (commune generale)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178886</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996143</id>
      <parentid>3988391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:55:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="2249" sha1="pb2ujniux28mhumgf5bm5bc2d64ejhh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Grasleba'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|circulo Helmstadiensi]] est.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1974]] commune generale Grasleba conditum est. Commune Grasleba sedes administrationis est.

== Communia ad Graslebam pertinentes ==
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe''), sedes administrationis (2441 incolae)
* [[Querenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Querenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quernhost'') (536)
* [[Rennau]] (707)
* [[Sanctae Mariae Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Mariental'')&lt;/small&gt; (977)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1974]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Querenhorstium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996140</id>
      <parentid>3983229</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Querenhorst]] ad [[Querenhorstium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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'''Querenhorst''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Querenhorst ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Grasleba (commune generale)|Graslebae]].

== Historia ==
Querenhorst anno [[1203]] primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-grasleben.de/ Pagina communis Graslebae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070626085214/http://www.samtgemeinde-grasleben.de/download/GeschichteSGGrasleben.pdf Historia communium communis generalis Graslebae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996142</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:54:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="1465" sha1="romv39fo939j7al4oja3zwd5xwm4zvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Querenhorstium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Querenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quernhost'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Querenhorstium ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Grasleba (commune generale)|Graslebae]].

== Historia ==
Querenhorstium anno [[1203]] primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Querenhorst|Querenhorstium}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-grasleben.de/ Pagina communis Graslebae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070626085214/http://www.samtgemeinde-grasleben.de/download/GeschichteSGGrasleben.pdf Historia communium communis generalis Graslebae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Gifhornensis</title>
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      <text bytes="11380" sha1="b6rxec6o1wm4d2zmu1ji1nnvbfnz9uu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in GF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Gifhornensi]]
'''Circulus Gifhornensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Gifhorn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Gifhorn''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; est.

== Historia ==
Fines circuli saepe mutatae sunt, primo anno [[1932]], cum agri circuli Isenhagi in australi siti adderentur. Anno [[1950]] urbs [[Wolfsburg]] e circulo emancipata est. Anno [[1972]] inter alia et urbs Fallersleben, nunc ad Wolfsburg pertinens circulo dempta est. Communia [[Ummern]] et [[Parsavia]] autem eodem tempore ad circulum Gifhornensem addita sunt. [[Diddersa]] anno [[1972]] in circulum [[Peine]] incolis protestantibus transmissa anno [[1974]] ad Gifhornensem circulum rediit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'') urbs et caput circuli (41.555 incolae)
* [[Sassenburg]] (10.940)
* [[Wittingen]] oppidum (11.603)

* [[Broma (commune generale)|Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') commune generale (15.388)
** [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'') (897)
** [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')  (3220, sedes administrationis et oppidum)
** [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'') (1638)
** [[Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'') (1842)
** [[Rühen]] (4891)
** [[Tiddische]] (1285)
** [[Tülau]] (1515)

* [[Honengesbuthele (commune generale)|Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'') commune generale (9353 incolae)
** [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'') (4298, sedes administrationis)
** [[Obernholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Obernholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obernholt'') (909)
** [[Sprakensehl]] (1295)
** [[Steinhorst (Saxonia Inferior)|Steinhorst]] (1338)
** [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'') (1513)

* [[Ysinibutle (commune generale)|Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'') commune generale (15.270)
** [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'') (5056)
** [[Ribbesbüttel]] (2119)
** [[Wasbüttel]] (1863)
** [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'') (6232, sedes administrationis)

* [[Meinersa (commune generale)|Meinersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Meinersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Maanze'') commune generale (20.516)
** [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'') (2509)
** [[Leiferda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leiferde'') (4274)
** [[Meinersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Meinersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Maanze'') (8130, sedes administrationis)
** [[Müden (Alara)]] (5603)

* [[Papenteicum (commune generale)|Papenteicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ich, -ick, -ig'' et ''-ik'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icum-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Papenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Popendiek'') commune generale (23.556)
** [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'') (1767)
** [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'') (1322)
** [[Meynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meine'') (8193, sedes administrationis)
** [[Rötgesbüttel]] (2280)
** [[Schwülper]] (6814)
** [[Vordorf]] (3180)

* [[Terra Boldecensis (commune generale)|Terra Boldecensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boldecker Land'') commune generale (9839)
** [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'') (1088)
** [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'') (941)
** [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'') (1959)
** [[Osloß]] (1906)
** [[Tappenbeck]] (1358)
** [[Weyhausen]] (2587, sedes administrationis)

* [[Wesendorf (commune generale)|Wesendorf]] commune generale (14.090)
** [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'') (1862)
** [[Schönewörde]] (900)
** [[Ummern]] (1545)
** [[Wagenhoff]] (1130)
** [[Wahrenholz]] (3655)
** [[Wesendorf]] (4998, sedes administrationis)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Landkreis Gifhorn|Circulum Gifhornensem}}
* [http://www.gifhorn.de/ Pagina interretialis circuli Gifhornensis]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Gifhornensis}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gifhorna</title>
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'''Gifhorna'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Gifhorn'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et caput [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad Gifhornam etiam vici [[Angulus (Gifhorna)|Angulus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Angulus&quot;&gt;Germanicum toponymum ''Winkel'' plerumque verti in linguam Latinam vocabulo &quot;Angulus-i&quot;. Quo de versione, v.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''] s.v. &quot;Angulus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Winkel''), [[Bokla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cas&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2023). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch XI. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Neubokel''), [[Gamsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Gamsen''), [[Kastorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kästorf''), [[Wilsche]] (Theodisce ''Wilsche''), [[Urbs Media (Gifhorna)|Urbs Media]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kernstat'') atque  pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:GF PK 2006.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Nicolai Gifhorn]]
Gifhorna anno [[1196]] primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1275]] ius fori accepit, anno [[1332]] ''oppidum'' vocata est. Fuit tum pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.stadt-gifhorn.de Pagina urbis Gifhornae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Broma (commune generale)</title>
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      <text bytes="4166" sha1="956okjqqaonilk4cux6qdbjeddgj2e2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Broma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad Bromam communia [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'') (897 incolae), [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') (3220, hic est sedes administrationis), [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'') (1638), [[Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'') (1842), [[Rühen]] (4891), [[Tiddische]] (1285) atque [[Tülau]] (1515) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Broma anno [[1965]] a vicis [[Broma (vicus)|Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom''), [[Sicherium|Sicherio]]&lt;ref&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: De Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Zicherie''), [[Antiqua Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;J&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Altendorf''), [[Benitza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;M&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores Tomi Tres''. [[Hannovera]]e: Typis &amp; Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Lipperi.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Benitz''), [[Wisweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande''. [[Hannovera]]e: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wiswedel'')  atque Voitze constitutum est, ut administratio communium melior fieret. Anno [[1970]] communia Tülau-Fahrenhorst et [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')  accesserunt. Anno [[1974]] communia veteris communis genreralis Rühen (ea sunt: Rühen, Parsau, Tiddische atque Bergfelda) cum Broma communi generali coniuncta sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Samtgemeinde Brome|Bromam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{opus|https://www.samtgemeinde-brome.de/|titulus=Pagina interretialis Communis generalis Bromae}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1965]]</text>
      <sha1>956okjqqaonilk4cux6qdbjeddgj2e2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996087</id>
      <parentid>3996085</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:26:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Historia */</comment>
      <origin>3996087</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4176" sha1="awmi98ljpxsfy1iu9a81tvgdbcybk2b" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Broma'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brome''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Ad Bromam communia [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'') (897 incolae), [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'') (3220, hic est sedes administrationis), [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'') (1638), [[Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'') (1842), [[Rühen]] (4891), [[Tiddische]] (1285) atque [[Tülau]] (1515) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Broma anno [[1965]] a vicis [[Broma (vicus)|Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom''), [[Sicherium|Sicherio]]&lt;ref&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: De Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Zicherie''), [[Antiqua Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;J&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Altendorf''), [[Benitza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;M&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores Tomi Tres''. [[Hannovera]]e: Typis &amp; Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Lipperi.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Benitz''), [[Wisweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande''. [[Hannovera]]e: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wiswedel'')  atque Voitze constitutum est, ut administratio communium melior fieret. Anno [[1970]] communia Tülau-Fahrenhorst et [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')  accesserunt. Anno [[1974]] communia veteris communis genreralis Rühen (ea sunt: Rühen, [[Parsavia]], Tiddische atque [[Bergfelda]]) cum Broma communi generali coniuncta sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Samtgemeinde Brome|Bromam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{opus|https://www.samtgemeinde-brome.de/|titulus=Pagina interretialis Communis generalis Bromae}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1965]]</text>
      <sha1>awmi98ljpxsfy1iu9a81tvgdbcybk2b</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Parsavia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996079</id>
      <parentid>3977951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:01:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Parsau]] ad [[Parsavia]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="1214" sha1="7qmyu2z49qemgu1s5ijxmqkli0lxn9f" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Parsau Ort.jpg|thumb|left|Via principalis Parsau]]
'''Parsau''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhorn|Circuli Gifhorn]] est. Etiam vici Ahnebeck, Croya atque Kaiserwinkel partes communis Parsau sunt. Parsau ab anno [[1974]] ad commune generale [[Broma (commune generale)|Bromam]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Parsau anno [[1505]] nomine ''Barso'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Parsau accesserunt et totum pars communis generalis Rühen erat. Eodem tempore a [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulo Helmstadiensi]] in circulum Gifhorn transiit. Ab anno 1974 Parsau ad Bromam commune generale pertinet.


== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-brome.de Pagina Communis generalis Bromae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 15]]</text>
      <sha1>7qmyu2z49qemgu1s5ijxmqkli0lxn9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996083</id>
      <parentid>3996079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:19:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3009" sha1="bk47ne8vz9xmfifuphqxxdex7dmhswk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Parsau Ort.jpg|thumb|left|Via principalis Parsaviae.]]
'''Parsavia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Etiam vici [[Ahnebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Ahnebeck''), [[Croya]] (Theodisce ''Croya''), [[Angulus Caesaris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Angulus&quot;&gt;Germanicum toponymum aut suffixum ''(-)Winkel'' plerumque verti in linguam Latinam vocabulo &quot;Angulus-i&quot;. Quo de versione, v.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''] s.v. &quot;Angulus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaiser&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Caesar?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum anthronymicum praefixum ''Kaiser(-)'' plerumque verti in linguam Latinam vocabulo casu genetivo &quot;Caesaris&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kaiserwinkel'') atque [[Parsavia (caput communis)|Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Parsau'') partes communis Parsaviae sunt. Parsavia ab anno [[1974]] ad commune generale [[Broma (commune generale)|Bromam]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Parsavia anno [[1505]] nomine ''Barso'' primo in actis descripta est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Parsaviam accesserunt et omnes pars communis generalis Rühen erant. Eodem tempore a [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulo Helmstadiensi]] in circulum Gifhornensem transiit. Ab anno 1974 Parsavia ad Bromam commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Parsau|Parsaviam}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-brome.de Pagina Communis generalis Bromae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 15]]</text>
      <sha1>bk47ne8vz9xmfifuphqxxdex7dmhswk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996084</id>
      <parentid>3996083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:20:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <origin>3996084</origin>
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      <text bytes="3008" sha1="eilqna2lzx9ix6uoxnygqnuhobr100q" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Parsau Ort.jpg|thumb|left|Via principalis Parsaviae.]]
'''Parsavia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Gifhornensis|Circuli Gifhornensis]] est. Etiam vici [[Ahnebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Ahnebeck''), [[Angulus Caesaris]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Angulus&quot;&gt;Germanicum toponymum aut suffixum ''(-)Winkel'' plerumque verti in linguam Latinam vocabulo &quot;Angulus-i&quot;. Quo de versione, v.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''] s.v. &quot;Angulus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaiser&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Caesar?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum anthronymicum praefixum ''Kaiser(-)'' plerumque verti in linguam Latinam vocabulo casu genetivo &quot;Caesaris&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Kaiserwinkel'') [[Croya]] (Theodisce ''Croya'') atque [[Parsavia (caput communis)|Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Parsau'') partes communis Parsaviae sunt. Parsavia ab anno [[1974]] ad commune generale [[Broma (commune generale)|Bromam]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Parsavia anno [[1505]] nomine ''Barso'' primo in actis descripta est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Ab anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Parsaviam accesserunt et omnes pars communis generalis Rühen erant. Eodem tempore a [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulo Helmstadiensi]] in circulum Gifhornensem transiit. Ab anno 1974 Parsavia ad Bromam commune generale pertinet.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Parsau|Parsaviam}}
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-brome.de Pagina Communis generalis Bromae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 15]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gateway</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>180933</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-22T10:04:42Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="483" sha1="98eef8dzbncmywelmzool3mlj5agt3z" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Homenet.svg|thumbnail|Dispositio bivium portae]]
'''Gateway''' ('''bivium portae''' vel aditus ) est dispositus vel artificium inter retem(fere [[interrete]]) et aliam retem aut [[computatrum|machinam]] quod fasciculum [[data|datorum]](Anglice data packet) colat et interpretat [[protocollum]]. Fere eodem loco sedet cum [[murus incendiarus]] et saepe inter sese facilis est confusu. Fasciculus percolatur cum artificio appellatur subnet mask.

[[Categoria:Informatica]]</text>
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'''Gateway''' ('''bivium portae''' vel aditus ) est dispositus vel artificium inter retem(fere [[interrete]]) et aliam retem aut [[computatrum|machinam]] quod fasciculum [[data|datorum]](Anglice data packet) colat et interpretat [[protocollum]]. Fere eodem loco sedet cum [[murus incendiarius]] et saepe inter sese facilis est confusu. Fasciculus percolatur cum artificio appellatur subnet mask.

[[Categoria:Informatica]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bellum clandestinum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>190614</id>
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      <id>3996116</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-22T01:14:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>exemplos bellorum clandestinorum addo</comment>
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      <text bytes="1680" sha1="469vas0jija7ifdj3xi8bfqwgo9zxav" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:PFLP-group-1969.jpg|thumb|[[Frons Popularis Liberationis Palaestinae|Frontis Popularis Liberationis Palaestinae]] bellatores clandestini anno [[1969]].]]
'''Bellum clandestinum''' sive '''bellum tectum'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.culturaclasica.com/lingualatina/lexicon_latinum_morgan.pdf Lexicum Latinum Morgan]&lt;/ref&gt; [[bellum|certaminis]] systema est ubi civium armatorum grex contra conventionalem [[exercitus|exercitum]] pugnat et quod pingitur ab proelii aciebus delimitatis inexsistentibus et generibus industriarum similioribus [[eversio occulta|eversionis occultae]] et insuetorum impetuum.

Bellum clandestinum in statibus geritur ubi inter belligeratores vires non aequilibratae sunt. Minoritaria manus in armato certamine hanc pugnae formam eligit in statibus ubi territorii occupatio probata est manui dominanti.

Bellum clandestinum manum fortiorem instabilem facere quaerit.

Bellum clandestinum in zonis cum paucis incolis velut [[silva|silvis]], [[deserta|desertis]] et [[mons|montibus]] evenire solet.

[[Saeculum 20|Saeculum XX]] nuncupatum bellum clandestinum urbanum nasci vidit. Homines qui bellum clandestinum sive tectum gerunt bellatores clandestini sive tecti, sed etiam [[maquis|maques]] in [[Hispania]], [[partisanus|partisani]] sive [[partisans|partisantes]] in [[Europa]], [[fedahinus|fedahini]] in [[Islamismus|Islamicis]] nationibus, [[muiahidinus|muiahidini]] in [[Islamismus|Islamicis]] nationibus aut [[macheterus|macheteri]] in [[Uraquaria]] nuncupantur.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Bellum civile]]
*[[Ernestus Guevara]]
*[[Repugnatio Francica]]

[[Categoria:Bella]]
[[Categoria:Violentia]]

{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Praefectura Neohusana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>191087</id>
    <revision>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="5132" sha1="tqq5fa511tgg7a9x03idqqk83dyzw82" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Kirche ev Neuhaus Elbe.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Mariae Neohusana.]]
'''Praefectura Neohusana'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Amt Neuhaus'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. E pagis [[Dellia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;/[[Suckavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dellien/Sückau''), [[Haaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ar&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-ar'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-aria-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ar''' : -''aria'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Haar''), [[Kaarssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kaarßen''), [[Neohusium (Praefectura Neohusana)|Neohusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neohusium&quot;/&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhaus''), [[Stapel (Praefectura Neohusana)|Stapeli]] (Theodisce ''Stapel''), [[Sumta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Sumte'') et [[Tripkavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Tripkau'') constat.

== Historia ==
Vici, qui nunc ad Praefecturam Neohusanam pertinent, primo partes [[Ducatus Lauenburgicus|Ducatus Lauenburgici]] erant. Anno [[1692]] una cum toto ducatu ad Electoratum Brunsvicum-Luneburgum transierunt. Annis [[1810]]/[[1811|11]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat, deinde ad usque annum [[1814]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Cum ceterae partes Ducatus anno [[1815]] ad Daniam pervenisset, Neohusium&lt;ref name=&quot;Neohusium&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De prefecturis, ditionibus, gigerictis et amptis ubi de Neohusio regio agitur''. Hannoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; - nunc &quot;Praefectura Neohusana&quot; vocatum - pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] et post annum [[1866]] provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] ad [[1932]] pars Circuli [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolitani]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; erat, qui tum ad Circulum Luneburgensem adiunctus est. Anno [[1945]] Praefectura Neohusana, quae trans flumen [[Albis|Albem]] sita est et commeatus sine ponte diffcilior visus est, a Zona [[Regnum Unitum|Britannica]] ad [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticam]] translata est. Fuit itaque pars [[Megalopolis-Pomerania Citerior|Megalopolis-Pomeraniae Citerioris]] (1945 - 1952) et [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] (ab anno [[1949]]).
[[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1126-001, Fährverbindung Hagenow - Neu Darchau.jpg|thumb|left|Anno 1989 finibus apertis ponto primum post secundum bellum mundanum homines trans Albim portavit.]]
Anno [[1990]], cum Germania iterum unita esset, ad Megalopolis-Pomerania Citerior pertinuit, sed incolae suffragio habito pro [[Saxonia Inferior]]e votum dederunt. Die [[30 Iunii]] [[1993]] communia supra dicta ad Saxoniam Inferiorem et Circulum Luneburgum reverterunt. Die [[1 Octobris]] eiusdem anni in unum communem se coniunxerunt. De ponte trans Albim faciendo iam multis annis disputatur. Anno 2013 maiorem partem incolarum Circuli Luneburgiensis suffragia pro ponte faciendo tulerunt&lt;ref&gt;[http://wendland-net.de/post/buergerbefragung-zur-elbbruecke-neu-darchau-37256 wendland-net.de]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Amt Neuhaus|Praefecturam Neohusanam}}
[http://www.amt-neuhaus.de/ Pagina communis Praefecturae Neohusanae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996119</id>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="5131" sha1="ec17mx7cu7dy93vrurvwekxkqal7l1q" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Kirche ev Neuhaus Elbe.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Mariae Neohusana.]]
'''Praefectura Neohusana'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Amt Neuhaus'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circuli Luneburgensis]] est. E pagis [[Dellia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;/[[Suckavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dellien/Sückau''), [[Haaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ar&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-ar'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-aria-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ar''' : -''aria'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Haar''), [[Kaarssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kaarßen''), [[Neohusium (Praefectura Neohusana)|Neohusio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neohusium&quot;/&gt;(Theodisce ''Neuhaus''), [[Stapel (Praefectura Neohusana)|Stapeli]] (Theodisce ''Stapel''), [[Sumta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Sumte'') et [[Tripkavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Tripkau'') constat.

== Historia ==
Vici, qui nunc ad Praefecturam Neohusanam pertinent, primo partes [[Ducatus Lauenburgicus|Ducatus Lauenburgici]] erant. Anno [[1692]] una cum toto ducatu ad Electoratum Brunsvicum-Luneburgum transierunt. Annis [[1810]]/[[1811|11]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat, deinde ad usque annum [[1814]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Cum ceterae partes Ducatus anno [[1815]] ad Daniam pervenisset, Neohusium&lt;ref name=&quot;Neohusium&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De prefecturis, ditionibus, gigerictis et amptis ubi de Neohusio regio agitur''. Hannoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; - nunc &quot;Praefectura Neohusana&quot; vocatum - pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] et post annum [[1866]] provinciae Hannoverae [[Borussia]]e factum est. Ab anno [[1885]] ad [[1932]] pars Circuli [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolitani]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; erat, qui tum ad Circulum Luneburgensem adiunctus est. Anno [[1945]] Praefectura Neohusana, quae trans flumen [[Albis|Albem]] sita est et commeatus sine ponte diffcilior visus est, a Zona [[Regnum Unitum|Britannica]] ad [[Unio Sovietica|Sovieticam]] translata est. Fuit itaque pars [[Megalopolis-Pomerania Citerior|Megalopolis-Pomeraniae Citerioris]] (1945 - 1952) et [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] (ab anno [[1949]]).
[[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1126-001, Fährverbindung Hagenow - Neu Darchau.jpg|thumb|left|Anno 1989 finibus apertis ponto primum post secundum bellum mundanum homines trans Albim portavit.]]
Anno [[1990]], cum Germania iterum unita esset, ad Megalopolis-Pomerania Citerior pertinuit, sed incolae suffragio habito pro [[Saxonia Inferior]]e votum dederunt. Die [[30 Iunii]] [[1993]] communia supra dicta ad Saxoniam Inferiorem et Circulum Luneburgum reverterunt. Die [[1 Octobris]] eiusdem anni in unum communem se coniunxerunt. De ponte trans Albim faciendo iam multis annis disputatur. Anno 2013 maiorem partem incolarum Circuli Luneburgiensis suffragia pro ponte faciendo tulerunt&lt;ref&gt;[http://wendland-net.de/post/buergerbefragung-zur-elbbruecke-neu-darchau-37256 wendland-net.de]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Amt Neuhaus|Praefecturam Neohusanam}}
[http://www.amt-neuhaus.de/ Pagina communis Praefecturae Neohusanae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benzinum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>197211</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3995998</id>
      <parentid>3995976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:11:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~ (10K). Menda manent.</comment>
      <origin>3995998</origin>
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      <text bytes="2855" sha1="ettzkv62jhy02umgw71lmys9741h534" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Cave ne confundas|Benzenum}}
[[Fasciculus:Gasoline in mason jar.jpg|right|thumb|[[Vas]] benzinum continens.]]
{{res|Benzinum}}{{MLAL ref|gasoline|99}}{{MLAL ref|gasoline|197|.car1 gasoline, gas}}{{Bacci ref|Benzina|71}}{{DAEL ref|bencina|134}}{{TraupConv ref|gas|216}}&lt;ref&gt;Latinate {{TraupmanLatinEng3|550| sub indice &quot;gas&quot;}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{LLHL26 ref|Benzin|315}} ({{pns|ae|f}}) seu {{res|benzina}}&lt;ref name=&quot;mlal-gasoline-99&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dael-bencina-134&quot; /&gt; seu {{res|benzinium}}&lt;ref name=&quot;mlal-gasoline-99&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bacci-benzina-71&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dael-bencina-134&quot; /&gt; seu {{res|gasolina}}{{DAEL ref|gasolina|488}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|umor flammabilis||en|qid=Q5457310}} ex [[Petroleum|petroleo]] derivatus, praecipue ad [[vehiculum|vehicula]] [[machina|machinas]]que, combustum, propellendas. Ex [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonis]] sicut [[hexanum|hexanis]], [[heptanum|heptanis]], et [[octanum|octanis]] constitit.&lt;ref name=&quot;faq-www&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Gasoline
	| contextus = Dictionary.com
	| tempus = 2013-09-26
	| domus editoria = Random House, Inc.
	| url = https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gasoline
	| tempus inspectionis = 2026-10-21
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; {{Latinitas dolet|[[Energia]] consecuta est ex combustione benzini conversionibus hydrocarbonibus [[aqua]]m et [[Carbonii dioxidum|dioxidum carbonii]] secundum hanc formulam:}}

: 2 C&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt;  +  25 O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;  →  16 CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;  + 18 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O

=== Nomina in aliis reddentibus ===
[[Fasciculus:Benzinepomp002.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Statio benzini|Stationes benzini]]&lt;!--Anglice &quot;Filling station&quot;--&gt; structurae sunt benzinis parabilibus omnibus [[viator]]ibus [[vehiculum|vehiculis]].]]
[[Orthographia]]e variantes in usu sunt referendis [[petroleum crudum]] post [[saeculum 16|saceculo sexto decimo]]. ''Petrol'' primus in usu fuit nomen petrolei depurati producti circa [[1870]] a Carless, Capel &amp; Leonard, [[negotiator]]e Ang;ico, illum mercanti sicut solven.{{dubsig}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141229034101/http://www.vintagegarage.co.uk/histories/carless%20capel%20%26%20leonard.htm Carless, Capel &amp; Leonard]&quot;, vintagegarage.co.uk, accessed 2012-08-05&lt;/ref&gt; Mox in [[Francia]] [[verbum]] ''pétrole'' vulgatum est, effunditque aliis [[regio]]nibus.

In pluribus terris, benzinum [[sermo]]nis cotidianis quondam nomen habet deriventi chemica benzene{{dubsig}} (e.g. [[Theodisce]] ''Benzin,'' [[Belgica|Belgice]] ''benzine,'' [[Italice]] ''benzina,'' [[Hispanice]] [[Chilia]], ''bencina,'' [[Thai]] เบนซิน  bayn sin, [[Graece]] βενζίνη, [[Dacoromanice]] ''benzină''). In [[Argentina]], [[Uraquaria]], et [[Paraquaria]] cotidiani quaedam in usu est nomine ''nafta'' deriventi{{dubsig}} a [[chemica]] [[naphtha]].

== Fons ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Petroleum]]
{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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      <id>3996014</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:57:27Z</timestamp>
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        <id>64423</id>
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{{Cave ne confundas|Benzenum}}
[[Fasciculus:Gasoline in mason jar.jpg|right|thumb|[[Vas]] benzinum continens.]]
{{res|Benzinum}}{{MLAL ref|gasoline|99}}{{MLAL ref|gasoline|197|.car1 gasoline, gas}}{{Bacci ref|Benzina|71}}{{DAEL ref|bencina|134}}{{TraupConv ref|gas|216}}&lt;ref&gt;Latinate {{TraupmanLatinEng3|550| sub indice &quot;gas&quot;}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{LLHL26 ref|Benzin|315}} ({{pns|ae|f}}) seu {{res|benzina}}&lt;ref name=&quot;mlal-gasoline-99&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dael-bencina-134&quot; /&gt; seu {{res|benzinium}}&lt;ref name=&quot;mlal-gasoline-99&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bacci-benzina-71&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dael-bencina-134&quot; /&gt; seu {{res|gasolina}}{{DAEL ref|gasolina|488}} est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|umor flammabilis||en|qid=Q5457310}} ex [[Petroleum|petroleo]] derivatus, praecipue ad [[vehiculum|vehicula]] [[machina|machinas]]que, combustum, propellendas. Ex [[hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonis]] sicut [[hexanum|hexanis]], [[heptanum|heptanis]], et [[octanum|octanis]] constitit.&lt;ref name=&quot;faq-www&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Gasoline
	| contextus = Dictionary.com
	| tempus = 2013-09-26
	| domus editoria = Random House, Inc
	| url = https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gasoline
	| tempus inspectionis = 2026-10-21
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; {{Latinitas dolet|[[Energia]] consecuta est ex combustione benzini conversionibus hydrocarbonibus [[aqua]]m et [[Carbonii dioxidum|dioxidum carbonii]] secundum hanc formulam:}}

: 2 C&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt;  +  25 O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;  →  16 CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;  + 18 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O

=== Nomina in aliis reddentibus ===
[[Fasciculus:Benzinepomp002.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Statio benzini|Stationes benzini]]&lt;!--Anglice &quot;Filling station&quot;--&gt; structurae sunt benzinis parabilibus omnibus [[viator]]ibus [[vehiculum|vehiculis]].]]
[[Orthographia]]e variantes in usu sunt referendis [[petroleum crudum]] post [[saeculum 16|saceculo sexto decimo]]. ''Petrol'' primus in usu fuit nomen petrolei depurati producti circa [[1870]] a Carless, Capel &amp; Leonard, [[negotiator]]e Ang;ico, illum mercanti sicut solven.{{dubsig}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141229034101/http://www.vintagegarage.co.uk/histories/carless%20capel%20%26%20leonard.htm Carless, Capel &amp; Leonard]&quot;, vintagegarage.co.uk, accessed 2012-08-05&lt;/ref&gt; Mox in [[Francia]] [[verbum]] ''pétrole'' vulgatum est, effunditque aliis [[regio]]nibus.

In pluribus terris, benzinum [[sermo]]nis cotidianis quondam nomen habet deriventi chemica benzene{{dubsig}} (e.g. [[Theodisce]] ''Benzin,'' [[Belgica|Belgice]] ''benzine,'' [[Italice]] ''benzina,'' [[Hispanice]] [[Chilia]], ''bencina,'' [[Thai]] เบนซิน  bayn sin, [[Graece]] βενζίνη, [[Dacoromanice]] ''benzină''). In [[Argentina]], [[Uraquaria]], et [[Paraquaria]] cotidiani quaedam in usu est nomine ''nafta'' deriventi{{dubsig}} a [[chemica]] [[naphtha]].

== Fons ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Petroleum]]
{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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    <title>Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis</title>
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      <text bytes="13957" sha1="40mj2vypiuyab4mybk564u9i5ptr76r" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DAN.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Communia in circulo Luchoviensi et Danebergensi.]]
'''Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Luchoviensis-e&quot; et &quot;Danebergensis&quot; ad [[Luchovia]]m et [[Daneberga]]m repective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;; et secundo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Lüchow-Dannenberg''; [[Polabice]] ''Vokres Ljauchüw-Wajdars''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1932]] e circulis Luchoviensi et Dannenbergensi consociatis conditus est. Ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Luchovia]].

== Historia ==
Ager circuli fuit pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]]. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1867]] magnus circulus Danenbergensis conditus est, sed anno [[1885]] in circulos Luchoviam et Danebergam divisus est. Anno [[1932]] iterum coniunctus est. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

== Coniunctiones ==
Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis duas coniunctiones habet, cum
* [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium|Stegelicio-Zelendorfio]] regione [[Berolinum|Berolini]] ab anno [[1979]], tum cum Stegelicio regione
* [[Powiat Obornicki]] ([[Polonia]], ab anno 2001)

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae omnes ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') commune generale (3700)
** [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') oppidum (1362)
** [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'') (634)
** [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'') (645)
** [[Prezella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Prezelle'') (473)
** [[Schnackenburg]], oppidum (586)

* [[Luchovia (Vandalia)|Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'') commune generale (24.675)
** [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'') (1589)
** [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'') oppidum (2446)
** [[Kusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'') (1362)
** [[Lemgovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lemgow'') (1408)
** [[Liubeme]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lübbow&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/luebbow/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schriftlich ist das zweizeilige Reihendorf erstmals in einer kaiserlichen Urkunde aus dem Jahr 956 erwähnt: Ks. Otto I. († 973) schenkte dem Kloster Quedlinburg sechs Dörfer, darunter ''Liubeme'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lübbow'') (836)
** [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9401)
** [[Luccavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Luccavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luccavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Luckau'' forma &quot;Luccavia&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Luccavia]]m apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Luckau'') (634)
** [[Schnega]] (1354)
** [[Trebel]] (953)
** [[Waddeweitz]] (906)
** [[Woltersdorf]] (939)
** [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)|Wustrow]], oppidum (2847)

* [[Prata Albis (commune generale)|Prata Albis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prata Albis&quot;&gt;Fingitur huius communis generalis Latinum nomen sic: Substantivum plurale &quot;Prata&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-talaue'' vertit; qua de versione, vide: Georges, K. E. (1910). ''Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Deutsch-lateinischer Teil (VII ed., Vol. I, s.v. &quot;Aue&quot;)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung. Et hydronymum Latinum &quot;[[Albis]]&quot; Theodiscum hydronymicum lexema ''Elb-'' vertit; quo de hydronymo, vide: {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbtalaue'') commune generale (20.707 incolae)
** [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'') (317)
** [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars''), urbs (8081)
** [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'') (635)
** [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'') (1225)
** [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci''), urbs (4933)
** [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'') (1071)
** [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'') (742)
** [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Villa&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo &quot;Longa Villa&quot; verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'') (719)
** [[Nova Darchavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neu Darchau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nee Darchau'') (1396)
** [[Zernien]] (1588)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circulum Luchoviensem et Danebergensem}}
* [http://www.luechow-dannenberg.de/ Situs interretialis circuli proprius.]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luechow-Dannenberg circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1932]]</text>
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    <title>Gartovia (commune generale)</title>
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'''Gartovia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Gartoviam communia [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'') (1362 incolae, sedes administrationis), [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'') (634), [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'') (645), [[Prezella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Prezelle'') (473) atque [[Schnackenburg]] (586) pertinent.

== Historia ==
Commune generale Gartovia anno [[1972]] e communibus 16 constitutum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.gartow.de/ Pagina Communis generalis Gartoviae]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1972]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Prezella</title>
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    <id>198404</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996120</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Prezelle]] ad [[Prezella]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
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      <text bytes="1221" sha1="k8f04jae0k9vdtvaswoy0ufqsvwokd6" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Prezeller Kirche Kirchenschiff.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Evangelica Prezelle]]
'''Prezelle''' commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lüchow-Dannenberg|Circuli Lüchow-Dannenberg]] est. Ad Prezelle etiam vici Lomitz atque Lanze pertinent. Prezelle pars communis generalis [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartoviae]] est.

== Historia ==
Prezelle pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Prezelle ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartoviae]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Prezelle adiuncti sunt.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061945/http://www.gartow.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-6134/ Pagina communis generalis Gartoviae de Prezelle scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996122</id>
      <parentid>3996120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T01:55:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="2201" sha1="1wh72pehaw990iavxclx0a8bkpv8ypn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Prezeller Kirche Kirchenschiff.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Evangelica Prezellae.]]
'''Prezella'''&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Prezelle'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Luchoviensis et Danebergensis|Circuli Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]] est. Ad Prezellam etiam vici [[Lomicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lomitz''), [[Lanza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lanze'') atque [[Prezelle (caput communis)|Prezella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Prezelle'') pertinent. Prezella pars communis generalis [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartoviae]] est.

== Historia ==
Prezella pars [[Ducatus Luneburgensis]] fuit. Anno [[1705]] ad Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgensem transiit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupata est. Annis [[1810]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Prezella ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[2006]] pars [[Gartovia (commune generale)|Gartoviae]] communis generalis est. Anno [[1972]] vici supra dicti ad Prezellam adiuncti sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Prezelle|Prezellam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061945/http://www.gartow.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-6134/ Pagina communis generalis Gartoviae de Prezelle scripta]

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index urbium, oppidorum et communium Saxoniae Inferioris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216135</id>
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      <id>3996146</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="246077" sha1="r7b3zmnd5ymw4ioqk18nuz6ln9o5c6a" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]]
'''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur.

Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communia et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur.

Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent.

Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent:

* Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent.
* Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent.
* 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent.

=== A ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Abensium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Acheimum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grote III 1877&quot;&gt;Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Achestedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adelebsenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Funck 1736&quot;&gt;Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenebutla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pischke 1998&quot;&gt;Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Höhbaum 1876&quot;&gt;Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aldendorpevilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Stadtoldendorf'')
* [[Alrebekesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oven 1872&quot;&gt;Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Algermissenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg III 1903&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni (Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis)|Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis|Circulo Neoburgensi Visurgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Nienburg/Weser&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus &quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Neoburgensis-e&quot; et &quot;Visurgensis-e&quot; ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Liebenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Paludis Visurgensis|Circulo Paludis Visurgensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wesermarsch&quot;&gt;Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit. De Latina autem toponymia, vide Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter. Theodisce ''Landkreis Wesermarsch''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elsfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Almstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg II 1901&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alorstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1758&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alvstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;&gt;Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amelinghusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;&gt;Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Andorlangia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ansibarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Medingha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Homeyer X 2006&quot;&gt;Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Appelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirus 1826&quot;&gt;Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Statisitakamt Nord 2025&quot;&gt;Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aroldishusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baring 1746&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Artlissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mader 1664&quot;&gt;Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Agathae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kochen 1724&quot;&gt;Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ascalingium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asanthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vogell 1856&quot;&gt;Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden und des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Harburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Harburgum]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Harburgensis-e&quot; refertur-.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Diepholz&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Diepholtia&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Diepholtia]]&quot;, vide {{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Assini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Essen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Astedele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Astedele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osteel/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''S''[igillum] ''Domini Siadonis in Astedele'' (Siegel des Herrn Syado in Osteel) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osteel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosteel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Attendorium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Otterndorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oterndörp'' seu ''Otterndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aulica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== B ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baddekenstedium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel &amp; Ohainski X 2018&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 1994&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Baltrumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiarda III 1792&quot;&gt;Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardenuvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bardowick''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bewick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bardorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;&gt;Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bargstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;&gt;Mushard, M. (1764). ''Palaeogentilismus Bremensis: Monumenta ac veterum tumuli in ducatibus Bremensi et Verdensi''. Typis Andreae Vandenhoeck.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bargstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargst'' seu ''Bars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;&gt;Bünting, H., &amp; Letzner, J. (1702). ''Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Chronica, Oder Historische Beschreibung der Durchlauchtigsten Herzogen zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg''. Gedruckt bey Caspar Johann Jakobi.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barnstedt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barßel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bäärsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barsingehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Harenberg 1753&quot;&gt;Harenberg, J. C. (1753). ''Historia ecclesiae Gandershemensis diplomatica''. Typis et Impensis Joannis Christophori Meisneri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barsinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baschehusen'' seu ''Basche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann I II 2004&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2004). ''Verdener Urkundenbuch, 1. Abteilung, Band 2: 1300–1380''. Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Luneburgensis|Circulo Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landreis Lüneburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Luneburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landreis Lüneburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barum (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Barum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;&gt;Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (2010). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'' (K. Casemir, F. Menzel, &amp; U. Ohainski, Eds.). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Ulsenensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uelzen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Ulsenensis-e&quot; ad [[Ulsena]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide lemma &quot;res-publica Ulsenensis&quot; apud {{Google Books|w_tWAAAAcAAJ|vide paginam dedicationis operis}}&quot;; et de topnymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bourm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barunvilla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SdaedhdlM 1862&quot;&gt;Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle (1862). ''Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie et d'histoire de la Moselle: Année 1860–1861''. Rousseau-Pallez.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Barendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Barwedelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Basdalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Basdahl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Basdaal'' seu ''Basdohl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahlfeldt 2010&quot;&gt;Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AdWzG 2010&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beekdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bedenbostelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NL 1924&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv (1924). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte''. Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beedenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bedenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beierstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beierstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barste’e'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belumum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mushard 1764&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Belen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bema (Saxonia Inferior)|Bema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Böhme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bendestorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bührmann 2005&quot;&gt;Bührmann, M. (2005). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen des norddeutschen Raumes''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bendestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bendsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;&gt;Bruzen de La Martinière, A. A. (1737). ''Thesaurus geographicus criticus: in quo omnium orbis terrarum regionum, civitatum, oppidorum, nominibus antiquis, medii aevi et modernis''. Ex Officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Cellensis|Circulo Cellensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Celle&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Cellensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Celle'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Cellensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Osnabrück&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berga ad Dumnam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruzen de La Martinière 1737&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergen an der Dumme''; [[Polabice]] ''Djörska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bergfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bergfeld''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bargfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''Emsländische Landschaft''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Berumburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmius 1616&quot;&gt;Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berumbur'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Betzendorfum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bünting &amp; Letzner 1702&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Betzendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bätzendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bevernense Castrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bevern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Beverstedum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beverstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Beverst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bienenbuttelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bienenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bienbüddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bilshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf 1819&quot;&gt;Wolf, J. (1819). ''Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes mit Urkunden erläutert''. Johann Georg Rosenbusch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bilshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blenderum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1993&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1993). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum'' (Vol. 1). Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Blender''; [[Saxonice]] ''Blenner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bliederstorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Trüper 2017&quot;&gt;Trüper, H. G. (2017). ''Urkundenbuch der Herren von Zesterfleth: 1232–1657''. Wallstein Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bliedersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bliersdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bobentunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bovenden''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bovten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Heidensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Heidensis|Circulo Heidensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heidekreis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Heidensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Heidekreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Heidensis-e&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''Heide-'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Theorosburgensis|Circulo Theorosburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bocholtum in Ericeto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz in der Nordheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bookholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Frisicus)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; von Bippen, W. (Ed.) (1873). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1300''. C. Schünemann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Frisicus|Circulo Frisico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Friesland&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Frisicus&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Friesland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Frisicus-a-um&quot; ad [[Frisia (discretiva)|Frisiam]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bockhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bochorna (Circulus Vetha)|Bochorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Vetha|Circulo Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Vechta&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Vetha&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Vechta'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Brosius 1985&quot;&gt;Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodensa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodensee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bodonis Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bodenwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boffeshusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski VI 2007&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen del Landkreises Holzminden''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VI)''. Editio ab Academia Scientiarum Gottingensi. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Boffzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitersena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;&gt;Mindermann, A. (Ed.) (2001). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden: Band 1''. Von den Anfängen bis 1300. [[Stadae|Stadis]]: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bötersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Boitzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boitze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Böhtz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sudendorf 1859&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bokensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bokenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockenem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bokeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borchwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüther 1905&quot;&gt;Rüther, H. (Ed.) (1905). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Neuenwalde''. Halle’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Burweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borkna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Borkum''; [[lingua Frisica|Frisice]] ''Boarkum''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Börkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna Castra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Berne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niemeyer 2012&quot;&gt;Niemeyer, M. (Ed.) (2012). ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösel''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Böäsel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bäsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Botela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bothel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bootel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Braclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rübel 1881&quot;&gt;Rübel, K. (Ed.) (1881). ''Dortmunder Urkundenbuch: Band 1. Urkunden bis zum Jahre 1340''. [[Isarlohia]]e: J. Baedeker.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brackel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braackel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bracum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchbrak&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-ac'' aut ''-ach'' aut ''-ack'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-acum-i&quot; aut &quot;-achium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ac, -ach, -ack''' : -''acum,'' -''achium'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formis antiquis huius toponymi &quot;Brac&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Theodericus de Brach'' (...) ''Henricus de Brach'' (...) ''Henrico de Brack'' (...) ''villa Brac'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchbrak''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kerkbraak'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoogeweg 1898&quot;&gt;Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden vom J. 1201-1300''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brevörde''¨; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Bräwer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bredthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breddorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Breddörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brestum (Saxonia Inferior)|Brestum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brincama]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;&gt;Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1. (Jahre 787–1470)''. [[Emda]]e: Haynel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Brinkum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Britlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;&gt;Udolph, J. (2004). ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala''. [[Gottinga]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brietlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brietl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brocleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1''. [[Lipsia]]e: S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bröckel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bräukel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broclina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mindermann 2001&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brockel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brookel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Broma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski 2014&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (Ed.). (2014). ''Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch: Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Gifhorn''. [[Bilivelda]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Brome''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brom'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunsvicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Braunschweig''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brunswiek''; [[lingua Saxonica|Brunsvicice]] dialectaliter ''Bronswiek'' seu ''Brönswiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulcova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bülkau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bulsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen 1873&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bülstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büls'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brunla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bode 1893&quot;&gt;Bode, G. (Ed.) (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Goslar und der in und bei Goslar belegenen geistlichen Stiftungen: Band 1 (922 bis 1250)''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Braunlage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Deiter&quot;&gt;Deiter, H. (1881). Oldeborchs, Pastoris zu Bunda in Reiderland, kleine ostfriesische Chronicke, betreffend die Jahre 1558 bis 1605. ''Jahrbuch de Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und vaterländische Altertümer zu Emden''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bunde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burchardivillare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke 1892&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1892). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 1. Bis zum Jahre 1221''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Wolfenbüttel&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Guelpherbytensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wolfenbüttel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Guelpherbytensis-e&quot; ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://vd18.gbv.de/viewer/fullscreen/006049869/1/ ''vd18.gbv.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Pro eo ac debuisti, urbs aerumnosa, infelix ac misera Guelpherbytum (...)&quot;; et quo de gentilicio, vide  [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/MBRY52X6EUWPQOQRFBKHVLYBSUG4M6LS ''Carmina Votiva Honori Clarißimi atq[ue] Experientißimi Viri Dn. Samuelis Stockhausen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Practici Guelpherbytensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Hannovera (regio)|Regione Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borgdörp'' seu ''Bortörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buria (Saxonia Inferior)|Buria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Ohainski &amp; Udolph&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bühren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bursina (Saxonia Inferior)|Bursina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;&gt;Casemir, K. (2003). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil III)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Börßum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Butiadinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ehmck &amp; Bippen II 1876&quot;&gt;Ehmck, D. R., &amp; Bippen, W. von. (Ed.) (1876). ''Bremisches Urkundenbuch: Band 2. 1301–1350''. D. Ed. Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Butjadingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Buxtehuda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1842). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch: Band 1''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Buxtehude''; [[Saxonice]] ''Buxthu'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Byspinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1859&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1859). ''Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, Fünfte Abtheilung: Archiv des Klosters St. Michaelis zu Lüneburg''. Capaun-Karlowa’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bispingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== C ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calba (Saxonia Inferior)|Calba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalbe&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kalbe'' seu ''Calbe'' forma &quot;Calba&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Calba ad Salam|Calbam ad Salam]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kalbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kalf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Calefelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calefeldensis&quot;&gt;&quot;C&quot; pro &quot;K&quot; ponitur propter orthographiam gentilicii &quot;Calefeldensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Abhandlungen_zur_geologischen_Specialkarte_von_Preussen_und_den_Th%C3%BCringischen_Staaten_%28IA_abhandlungenzurg8589preu%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original ''Abhandlungen zur geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und den Thüringischen Staaten''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Calefeldensis'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kalefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella (Saxonia Inferior)|Capella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;&gt;Philippi, F. (Ed.) (1894). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Band 2. Die Urkunden der Jahre 1201–1250''. H. Th. Wenner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Capella Orientalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Capella&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-cappel(n)'' Latino vocabulo &quot;capella-ae&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orientalis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/orientalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost(er)-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;orientalis-e&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ostercappeln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Austerkappeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Castrovallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burgwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borwee'' seu ''Boorwee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clenza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;&gt;Janicke, K. (Ed.) (1896). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Band 2. Von 1221 bis 1260''. S. Hirzel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clenze''; [[Polabice]] ''Kloncka'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cloppenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coeli Porta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himmelpforten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himmelpoorten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Collis (Saxonia Inferior)|Collis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Polle'')
* [[Cornu Curvatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornu Curvatum&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/curvatus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivale praefixum ''Krumm-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;curvatus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/cornu?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-hörn'' Latino nomine &quot;cornu-us&quot; (n.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krummhörn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cramma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir 2003&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cramme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cranenburgum (Saxonia Inferior)|Cranenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cranenburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Kranenburg'' &quot;Cranenburgum&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Cranenburgum (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Cranenburgum Rhenanum]] apud ''Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura'', Mercatoris.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kranenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kronenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Maiorica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Curia Maiorica&quot;&gt;Manfred Niemeyer (Hrsg.): ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. De Gruyter, Berolini 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7, S. 298.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jork''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jörk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Curia Sanctae Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marienhafe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3134/Marienhafe.pdf ''Marienhafe''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich wird Marienhafe erstmals am 16. Februar 1250 als „curia sancte Marie“, d.h. „Hof der heiligen Maria“ erwähnt. 1362 ist von „curia Virginis gloriose“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marienhafe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cuxhavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== D ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Dalemia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rzihacek &amp; Spreitzer XI 2024&quot;&gt;Rzihacek, A., &amp; Spreitzer, F. (Ed.) (2024). ''Die Urkunden Otto IV (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Diplomata Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus XI). Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dahlenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dalum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Janicke II 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Tahln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damma (Saxonia Inferior)|Damma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi II 1894&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Damme'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Damnatzium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Garzmann LXXVI 2004&quot;&gt;Garzmann, M. R. W. (Ed.) (2004). ''Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte: Neue Folge der Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen (Band 76)''. Hahnsche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Damnatz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danneberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dannenberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dannenbarg''; [[Polabice]] ''Wajdars'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Danthorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Casemir &amp; Menzel % Udolph VII 2011&quot;&gt;Casemir, K., Menzel, F., &amp; Udolph, J. (2011). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII''). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Danndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dassela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dedenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDeensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Dedehusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Casemir, K., &amp; Ohainski, U. (2007). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden (Veröffentlichungen del Institut für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen, Vol. 51)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Deensen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deinst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Deinstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deinstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deins'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delmenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Delmenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Demost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dengdia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Denkte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derenthalia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-thalia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-thal'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-thal''' : -''thalia'', -''dalia'' (...)&quot;. Animadvertendum est suffixum ''-thal'' veterem orthographiam hodierni suffixi ''-tal'' esse; ergo Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-tal'' quoque latinizari potest addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-thalia-ae&quot; seu &quot;-dalia-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Derental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dettum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dettum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Detten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diddersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Didderse'' et [[Saxonice]] ''Deesse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diekholza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diekholzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dielmissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dielmissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dinklaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dinklage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dinklaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disaldishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaDelligsen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Disaldishusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: Reuter, A. (Ed.) (1950). ''1100 Jahre Delligsen: Geschichte der Hilsmulde und des Ortes Delligsen''. Verlag der Gemeinde Delligsen. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Delligsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dithgherscope-Twielenflethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollern&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hollern-twielenfleth/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Luderus in Dithgherscope'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollern-Twielenfleth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullern-Twielenfleth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis|Terra Emesensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dohra (Circulus Harburgensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Duhrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolnere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dolnere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/ortsnamen_rhein_elbe/dokumente/Publikationen_Udolph_PDF/2001-2005/315._Udolph_Anmerkungen_zum_Ortsnamen_Dollern.pdf ''Anmerkugen zum Ortsnamen Dollern''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1105 (Fälschung Mitte 12. Jh.) ''Dolnere'' (...) 1209 ''Johannes de dolnere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dollern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doristacus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dorstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dornum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Dornum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dornm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dorverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dörverden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dörbern'' seu ''Dörb'' seu ''Dörveern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Draga (Albis)|Draga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Draag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drestadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drestedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dreest'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drochtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Drochtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drochters'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dudanebutli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lappenberg 1841&quot;&gt;Lappenberg, J. M. (Ed.) (1841). ''Hamburgisches Urkundenbuch (Band 1)''. Perthes-Besser &amp; Mauke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Düdenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düünbeudel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duderstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Duderstadt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Dustadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dunum  (Saxonia Inferior)|Dunum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Houtrouw 1889&quot;&gt;Houtrouw, O. G. (1889). ''Ostfriesland: Eine geschichtlich-ortskundige Wanderung gegen Ende der Fürstenzeit (Band 1)''. Dunkmann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dunum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Duthungun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Udolph 2004&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Duingen''; [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Daujen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== E ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ebbestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaitner 1985&quot;&gt;Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebersdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf'' in Latinam &quot;Ebersdorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Echemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Echem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Echen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edemissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Edemissen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emisse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Egestorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Egestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äästörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Edewechte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger 2012&quot;&gt;Berger, D. (2012). ''Edewecht''. In ''Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch''. Walter de Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Edewecht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erwech''; historice ''Adewacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ehra-Lessia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ehra-Lessien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eicklinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eicklingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eikeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Hildesiensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;/small&gt;(in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Hildesiensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Hildesheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hildesiensis-e&quot; ad [[Hildesia]]m refertur. Hac de urbe, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eime'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eima (Circulus Holtisminnensis)|Eima]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|Circulo Holtisminnensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Holtisminnensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Holzminden'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Holtisminni]]&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Holtisminnensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ekelum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide: Von Hodenberg, W. (Ed.) (1855). ''Walsroder Urkundenbuch (Urkunde Nr. 19)''. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung. Quo opere &quot;proprietatem bonorum in Ekelo, que ab ecclesia Walsrodensi in feodum tenuit, pro quinquaginta marcis seriosius comparavit.&quot; dicitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eickeloh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elba (Saxonia Inferior)|Elba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elbingeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Elbingerode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eldinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eldingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Elsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Elsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embeca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Embeca&quot;&gt;&quot;non ignobiles Saxoniae civitates, Embeca et Gottinga&quot; {{Google Books|I7pXAAAAcAAJ|p. 734}}. Interdum &quot;Embica&quot;, &quot;Embecka&quot; etc. reperis&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Einbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aimbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Embsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Embsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Emden''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Oamde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emmendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emphstece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emphstece&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emstek.de/die-gemeinde/ortsteile/emstek?utm ''www.emstek.de'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkunde aus dem Jahre 947 als „Emphstece&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Emstek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emstäk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Emtinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emtinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Engelschofa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hofa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hof(f)(e)(n)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hofa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hattenhofa (Bavaria)|Hattenhofa Bavarica]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad fluvium Glon]], [[Pfaffenhofa ad Rotam]], [[Poohofa]], [[Gundershofa]], [[Hattenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Hattenhofa Badeniae-Virtembergiae]], [[Pfaffenhofa (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Pfaffenhofa]], [[Matichofa]], [[Philshofa]] apud [[Google|Gugulam]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Engelschoff''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engelschopp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Erkeroda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-roda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-roda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erkerode''; [[Saxonice]] ''Erkero'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ermelstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pratje 1759&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericetum Magnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum et vocabulum ''(-)Heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Magnus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Groß-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großheide''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Escheda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eschede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eschershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eschershausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esens'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Essel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Essel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Äsel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Visurgis|Visurgem]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Stadae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Stade'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Stadae]]&quot;, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evergoteshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemiumEver&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Euergoteshem'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide: H. Bresslau et. al.: ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs II. und Arduins''. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Band 3. [[Hannovera]]e 1900–1903.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ebergötzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ewerchötzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Everinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ingaEvern&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum mediaevali formae huius toponymi ''Everinge'' testatae applicatur. Quo de mediaevali toponymo, vide: Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (1998). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil I)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutsch Evern''; [[Saxonice]] ''Düütsch Äwern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eversmeer]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eversmeer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Evessum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB 2004&quot;&gt;Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (2004). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''' (NOB III). [[Gottinga]]e: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Evessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eyendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eyendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eyndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== F ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Fallingbostela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fardium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Farva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Farven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Farm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fassberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Faßberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Filsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Filsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Firrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Firrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Florimontium (circulus Widmundensis)|Florimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Blomberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bloombarg'' seu ''Blombarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flotide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Flotide&quot;&gt;De nominibus &quot;Flotide&quot; {{caa|780|802}}, &quot;Flathi&quot; {{caa|1013}}, &quot;Flatide&quot; {{caa|1142}}, &quot;Flothethe&quot; {{caa|1187}}, &quot;Vlothe&quot; {{caa|1189}} et &quot;Flotethe&quot; {{caa|1194}}, vide: Udolph, Jürgen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160729194352/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-F,ortsnamenforscher111.html ''Ortsnamenforscher'']. ''NDR 1 Niedersachsen''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Flöthe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Frankenfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Freda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fredenbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-biki&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-beck'' seu ''-beek'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-biki-orum&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Aesebiki]], [[Asbiki]], [[Beverbiki]], [[Gledabiki]], [[Goltbiki]], [[Sannanabiki]], [[Trobiki]], [[Walbeka|Walbiki]], [[Winesbiki]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fredenbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freenbeek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friburgum (Albis)|Friburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friburgum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Freiburg'' Latino toponymo &quot;Friburgum&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] aut [[Friburgum Nuithonum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Freiburg/Elbe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fryborg'' seu ''Freiborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frideburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frideburgum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.heimatbund-finnentrop.de/index_htm_files/Staats-%20u.%20Reisegeogr.%205.pdf?utm ''Beschreibung derer merkwürdigsten Oerter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Frideburg, Friedeburg, lat. Frideburgum'''. Liegt im Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an den Grenzen der Grafschaft Oldenburg (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Friedeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freborg'' seu ''Freebörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedland&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Friedland' in Latinam &quot;Friedlandia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friedland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frisoyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frisoyta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363707446_Der_Status_animarum_im_Hochstift_Munster_und_die_Alphabetisierung_im_landlichen_Raum_eines_geistlichen_Furstentums_im_17_und_18_Jahrhundert ''Der Status animarum im Hochstift Münster und die Alphabetisierung im ländlichen Raum eines geistlichen Fürstentums im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Specificatio catholic[orum] et acatholicorum in Frisoyta (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Friesoythe''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ait''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aithe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Furstenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fürstenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== G ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandershemium]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA27&amp;lpg=PA27&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=_NMr2DmhUK&amp;sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27;
[http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Gandershemium&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&amp;sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&amp;hl=fi&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&amp;ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Gandershemium&amp;f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garbsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garbsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garlstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garlstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Garlstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garrel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Garrel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Garstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Garstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gastää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gartovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gartow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geestlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Geestland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gemmegum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gemmegum&quot;&gt;Vide ''Giminghem - der alte Name von Jemgum'' Gerhardi Kronsweide; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Mittelalterliche urkundliche und einige neuzeitliche Nennungen von Jemgum''' (...) Gemmegum (Urkunde in lateinisch) (...) Gommegum (lat.) (...) Gemghum (lat.) (...) Gemmyngum (lat.) (...) Jemgum (Ubbo Emmius, lat.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jemgum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gerdau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerdinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gerdinium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/gehrden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der spätere Flecken möglicherweis erstmals als ''Gerdinum'' im Verzeichnis der Schenkungen (''Traditionen'') an das Kloster Corvey erwähnt, das um 826/76 angelegt wurde (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gieren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevensleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gevensleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gevera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gieboldehusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gieboldehausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chiwelehusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Giesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Giesen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gifhorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gilta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gilten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gleicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gleichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gnarrenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gnarrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gnarrenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godenstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gödenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gö’nstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldbiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Golmbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goldenstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Goldenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gollnste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorenthin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorenthin&quot;&gt;Vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1857hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) villam Gorenthin '' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göhrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göhr''; [[Polabice]] ''Djöra'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gorleben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Goslaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottinga]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=gottingensis&amp;lr=&amp;cd=14#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Libri Googles].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grafhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grafhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grafhorst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grasbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grasleba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-leba&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-leben'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-leba-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hadersleba]], [[Kintileba]], [[Meresleba]], [[Mimileba]], [[Rumerestleba]], [[Wigileba]], [[Winirichileba]], [[Albgozesleba]], [[Asoltesleba]], [[Buffileba]], [[Egisleba]], [[Gorchesleba]], [[Gozzenleba]], [[Gunderichesleba]], [[Gunzenleba]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grasleben''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graslewe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grethemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grethem''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graitn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grona (Leina)|Grona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gronau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grunendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Greundiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guderhandviertel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Guderhandviertel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gauderhandviddel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Guelpherbytum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gusbornium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bornium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-born'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bornium-ii&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium prope Aram]] et [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium prope Caesariacum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn''); [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]] (Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern''); [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]] (Theodisce ''Hasborn''); [[Leidenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Leidenborn''); [[Lichtenbornium]] (Theodisce ''Lichtenborn''). Quae omnia toponyma ex articulo Vicipaediae Latinae de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Rhenaniae_et_Palatinatus indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus] desumpta sunt, ubi apte referuntur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gusborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gyhum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gyhum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jeem'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== H ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Hachede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hachede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/marschacht/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''paludem a Blekethe vsque ad Ecclesiam Hachede'' (...) ''in quorum honore est altare in prefata ecclesia Hachethe dedicatum'' (...) ''Hinricus Bartolomei plebanus in Merschhachede'' (...) ''rector parrochialis ecclesie in Merschachtede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Marschacht''; [[Saxonice]] ''Meschacht'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hademstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hademstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hamstorp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haeslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heeslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Haga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „
Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hage''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Haag'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinum gentilicium &quot;Bremensis-e&quot; Theodiscum syntagma ''im Bremischen'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen im Bremischen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halbemontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-montium&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-mond'' aut ''-mont'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-montium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-mond, mont''' : -''montium, mons'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halbemond'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Holtisminni)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in Montibus [[Visurgis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Neuenhusa]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Halvesbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halvesbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hambuhra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hambühren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hambüren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1146 ''in Sutherem iuxta Hamele'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 239 S. 222) 1180 ''in Bikem iuxta Honhamelen'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 396 S. 385) 1193 ''in Honhamele'' (UB H.Hild. II Nachtrag Nr. 13 S. 580) 1198 ''apud Honhamelen'' (...) 1251 ''Sutherem apud Hoenhamale'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 861 S. 435) 1278-1280 ''iugera Hamelen'' (Lehnregister Meinersen II Nr. 20 S. 590) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenhameln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häogenhameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hamersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Homersen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hamma (Saxonia Inferior)|Hamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ah&quot;&gt;Germanica aut Semitica aut Indoiranica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ah'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Exempli gratiā: [[Calvela]], [[Maliana]], Parra, [[Widenla]], [[Zellia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hammah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hammoh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handeloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handeloh'' seu olim ''Handorf bei Tostedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Handorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Handorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Handörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hannovera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Harburgensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Harburg&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanstää'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hanstadium (Circulus Ulsenensis)|Hanstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Ulsenensis|Circulo Ulsenensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Uelzen&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hanstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hanster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hardegsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hardegsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harmsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsfeldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Harsefeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harsfeld'' seu ''Hasfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Harsum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Harsum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hesel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der früheste schriftliche Beleg für den Ort findet sich als ''Hasla'' in einem Urbar der Abtei Werden, das sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren lässt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hesel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hassendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hassendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hassendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hattorpium ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hattorf am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hauslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Häuslingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Haverla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haverla&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) um 941 (Fä. Mitte 12. Jh., kop. 17. Jh.) ''Haverlae'' (...) 1319 ''Haverla'' (UB H Hild. IV 464 S. 247) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Haverlah''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hechthusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hechthausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heckthusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hedebere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hedebere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Antiquum Hedebere seu Minus, Novum Hedebere seu Maius'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hedeper''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heper'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heina (Saxonia Inferior)|Heina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://hgv-hhm.de/ortsnamen-13-19-jahrhundert.html?utm ''Heimat- und Geschichtsverein für Heinade-Hellental-Merxhausen E.V.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''villa Heina'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinade'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinbockel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinbockel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heiningensis Locus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heiningen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heinig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heinsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heinsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heli (Saxonia Inferior)|Heli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Heli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in villa Heli'' (...) ''Heloon'' (...) ''collatio ecclesie Helen'' (...) ''Thidericus de Helenen'' (...) ''plebanos ecclesiarum de Helen'' (...) ''in campo sive marke ville Helen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hehlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hellwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hellwege''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hellweeg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helmstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Helvesiecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-siek&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;. Hoc in casu, applicatur terminatio latinizans formae antiquae suffixi ''-siek'' -quae ''-sieck'', ut accidit in toponymis velut ''Bannensieck'', cuius hodierna forma ''Bannensiek'' est. Qua de ultima antiqua forma, vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=2955251 ''Arcinsys''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Helvesiek''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemminga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hemminga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemmingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsbunda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsbünde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsbünnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemslinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hemslingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hepstedt''; [Saxonice]] ''Hepst'' seu ''Heps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hepstidi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hipstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hipst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herrum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Herrum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109195129/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B73-8/NOB%20III%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Wolfenb%C3%BCttel%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Salzgitter.pdf ''NOB III Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Majori villa Herre'' (...) ''Maiori Here'' (...) ''Minori Herro'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heere'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Herzberg am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heyen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Hein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hildesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hillersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hillerse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Himberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Himbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Himbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hinuti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hinuti&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3180/Hinte.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Das Dorf wurde im 10. Jahrhundert als „in Hinuti“ erstmals urkundlich erfasst (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hinte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hint'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hitgera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hitzacker''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauci'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hittberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hittbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hittbargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hlunia (commune)|Hlunia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlunia&quot;&gt;Nomen communis Theodisce ''Lenne'' dicti suo e homonymo fluvio, Latine &quot;Hlunia&quot; nuncupato, ortum est. Latinum igitur nomen huius communis Latino ex hydronymo etiam derivandum est. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lenne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hlutherun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hlutherun&quot;&gt;Vide [https://koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardBodeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161221-965.htm?utm ''Koeble rGerhard Bodeinderdeutschen Ortsgeschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lüder''', 11. Jh., an einem Bache bei Bodenteich bei Uelzen, F1-1383 HLUTAR (lauter bzw. rein) Hlutherun, Hlutherun (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lüder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hodenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hodenhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohbuoki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hohbuoki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/publicaties/RELM/7/RELM007-001.pdf?utm ''The very beginning of Europe?''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellum hohbuoki'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Höhbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hohnstorpium (Albis)|Hohnstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haunstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Holdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hollrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holdunesteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hollenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hullnst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hollnsethum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ethum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-eth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ethum-i&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Bechtsriethum]], [[Maitenbethum]] ac [[Wiesethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index communium Bavariae|indice communium Bavariae]]; et [[Gransebiethum]] apud Vicipaediae Latinae articulum de [[Index Communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris|indice communium Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hollnseth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holsta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtgaste]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedländer 1878&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtgast'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtisminni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holtlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Holtland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Holza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Holzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Honengesbuthele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Honengesbuthele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://blog.slub-dresden.de/fileadmin/groups/slubsite/Blog/2015-KristinCasimir-VortragDresden.pdf?utm ''Ortsnamen zwischen Rhein und Elbe - Onomastik im europäischen Raum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Honengesbvthele'' statt ''Honekesbutle'' (Casemir, -büttel S. 147) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hankensbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoogsteda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoogstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoogstee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hörden am Harz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hornborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Horstadium (Saxonia Inferior)|Horstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Horß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== I ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iatha (Saxonia Inferior)|Iatha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iatha&quot;&gt;Commune nomen e flumine cepit. Quo de flumine, vide [https://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf?utm ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' Petri Lucusaltiani]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Jade'', f ''Iatha, ae'', f [WPD: Jade (Fluss) (24.11.2019); a.1314: Jatha]  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jaad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ielmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jelmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jelmstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iembka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iemela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iemela&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu, latinizans suffixum primae communis Theodisce ''Jameln'' dicti mentioni, quae ''Jemelen'' est, applicatur; qua de mentione, vide [https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/Content/30940/PDF/WA303_9438_A165-8-r1929_Slavia-Occ.pdf?utm ''Slavia Occidentalis, Tomus VIII''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jameln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ierichsum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jerxheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jerksen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iesteburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jesteburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Jesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ihlienverda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-verda-ae&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-worth'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-verda-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-worth''' : -''verda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ihlienworth''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmworth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Iuistensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuistensis&quot;&gt;De Latino gentilicio, cf. [[binomen|epithetum binominale]] [https://turbellaria.umaine.edu/turbellaria/turb3.php?action=6&amp;code=598&amp;valid=618&amp;utm  &quot;juistensis&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Juist'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Insula Longa (Saxonia Inferior)|Insula Longa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Insula Longa&quot;&gt;Vocabulum ''Langeoog'', a vocibus [[Lingua Frisica|Frisicis Orientalibus]] ''lange-'' ([[Theodisce]] ''lang'') et ''-oog'' (Theodisce ''Insel'') compositum, [[Latine]] &quot;Insula Longa&quot; reddi potest: Buurman, in ''Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, s. v. oog, ostfrisicum -oog «Insel» significare tradit atque exempla Langeoog, Spiekeroog, Wangeroog affert; item Glossarium der Flurnamensammlung Ostfriesland'', s. v. ''Oog'', vocabulum Frisicum Orientale ''ôg, oge'' Theodisco ''Insel'' interpretatur. [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/lang?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum autem adiectivum ''lang'' Latine &quot;longus, -a, -um&quot;] redditur; [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/insula?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 nomen vero Theodiscum ''Insel'' Latine &quot;insula, -ae&quot; f.] dicitur. Quam ob rem compositum &quot;Insula Longa&quot; sensum toponymi fideliter reddit.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langeoog''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Langeooch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langoog'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isernhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isernhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iuniun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iuniun&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 960 Iuniun (MGH DO I. Nr. 206 S. 285) (...) 1251 (A. 14. Jh.) Johan de June (UB Göttingen I Nr. 4 S. 5) 1266 ''Godefridus de Iunen [...] sacerdos'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Jühnde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== K ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Kakenstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kakenstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kakenstörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Karwicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-icium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-itsch'' aut ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-icium-i&quot; aut &quot;-itium-i&quot; aut &quot;-icia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-itsch, -itz''' : ''-icium, -itium, -icia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Karwitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Katlenburgum-Lindavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Katlenburg-Lindau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Katelnborg-Lindau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchgellersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchgellersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkgellsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchtimka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchtimke''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karktimk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kirchwalseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchwalsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkwals'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kissenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kissenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kissenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneitlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kneitlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kneitling'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krebecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Krebeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Krummendicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dicum&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-di(e)k(e)'' aut ''-deich(e)'' aut ''-dijk'' aut ''-dyk(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dicum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Isendicum]] apud {{Graesse}}; aut [[Mardicum]] apud ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin, vulgairement appelé Dictionnaire de Trévoux''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Krummendeich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Krummendiek'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kusta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Küsten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Kutenholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-holz'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-holtia-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) -holz : -''holtia'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kutenholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kutenhult'' seu ''Kutenholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== L ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Laatza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Laatzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lachendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lachendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lachendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lacstidi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lacstidi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.mundart-kommission.lwl.org/media/filer_public/ef/48/ef48ff64-c0e3-4be5-906f-7d8f27fdba18/ndw_39__scheuermann_der_often.pdf?utm ''Mundart Kommission''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in locis quorum hec sunt nomina, Lacstidi, Romlo, Dudanebutli'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Loxstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lox'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ladorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Abels 1929&quot;&gt;Abels, H. (1929). ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes, in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. [[Paderbronna]]e: Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lorup''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loorp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loorpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lahda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma &quot;Lahna&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lamespringa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamespringa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/201_MGH/1925-1933%2C_MGH%2C_5_Antiquitates._01_Poetae_04_1._Poetae_Latini_Aevi_Carolini%2C_LT.pdf?utm ''Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Agius autem Lamespringae monachus fuisse videatur'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lamspringe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lamestede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lamestede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lamstedt/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parochia Lamestede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lamstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loomst'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Landesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Landolfshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landolfshausen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niederlangen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nederlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langa Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ober&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;superior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr. Cf. [[Austria Superior|Austriam Superiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oberlangen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langelege]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Langelege&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/langlingen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''ecclesia Langelege'' (Kirche Langlingen), (...) Bauern in Langlingen (''cives in Langelege'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langeln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langelshemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Chemnitz 1717&quot;&gt;Chemnitz, B. P., (1717). ''Belli Sueco-Germanici Volumen Primum: In quo ostenditur, quibus de caussis Gustavus Adolphus, Suecorum Rex, in Germaniam transiverit''. Sumptibus Ioh. Caspari Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langelsheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Langwedel (Saxonia Inferior)|Langwedel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Langwedel&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardLaurinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20161207-1612.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Langwedel''', 13. Jh., bei Verden, Donb351, (Flecken in dem Landkreis Verden,) rund15000 Einwohner, (apud bzw. ad castrum) Langwedel (1220)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langwedel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lare&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lasdorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lasdorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lastrup.de/portal/seiten/geschichte-900000009-31120.html?utm ''Lastrup''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Curia Lasdorpe“ (Haupthof Lastrup) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lastrup''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Laastrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenbruga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bruga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-brück(e)'' aut ''-brügge'' aut ''-brugg(e)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bruga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Steinbruga]], [[Kissenbruga]], [[Bruga]], [[Bruga ad Ederum]], [[Osnabruga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenbrüch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenforda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lauenförde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lauenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leezdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Leezdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leezdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lehrta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehrte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leiferda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leiferde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lembruchium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bruchium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-bruch'' seu ''-broich'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bruchium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Horbruchium]] ac [[Mosbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus|indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]; [[Legebruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Brandenburgi|indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Grevenbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae|indice communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lembruch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lembrouk'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemgovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lemgow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lemwerdera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rüthning 1926&quot;&gt;Rüthning, G. (Ed.) (1926). ''Oldenburger Urkundenbuch''. Gerhard Stalling.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-ovia&quot;&gt;[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] ac [[linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] toponyma cum suffixo ''-ov'' seu ''-öv'' seu ''ow'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-ovia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Asovia]], [[Brewnovia]], [[Czernichovia]], [[Glasgovia]], [[Golnovia]], [[Grabovia]], [[Kharkovia]], [[Laszovia]], [[Ostrovia]], [[Pscovia]], [[Racovia]], [[Sucovia]], [[Tarnovia]], [[Wengrovia]], [[Witkowa]], [[Wittovia]], [[Crovia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemwerder'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengethe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII_Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in Lengethe'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 275 S. 259) 1213 ''in Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. I Nr. 660 S. 631) um 1232 ''in Lengethe archidiaconus'' (UB Goslar I Nr. 518 S. 499) 1235 ''in Lengete'' (Orig. Guelf. IV Nr. 50 S. 144) 1256 ''in archidiaconatibus de Barem et Lengede'' (UB H.Hild. II Nr. 992 S. 497) 1311 Lenghedhe apud Vusenam (UB H.Hild. IV Nr. 85 S. 45) 1316 ''in Lengede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lenge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengenbostel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengenbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengenbossel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''AltdeutschesNamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 2) Lengerich an der Wallage, Kr. Lingen (...) Lengirichi Osnabr. Ukb. ca. a. 1000. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leonis Forda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonis Forda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.komoot.com/es-es/highlight/2261371 ''Iglesia Martín Lutero de Lemförde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) La comunidad fue mencionada por primera vez en un documento en 1248. En épocas anteriores, el lugar se llamaba Löwenförde, Leonis forda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemförde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lemfouer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leonovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leopolis (Saxonia Inferior)|Leopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebel 1960&quot;&gt;Ebel, W. (1960). ''Lübisches Recht: Erster Band''. Hansischer Geschichtsverein.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bleckede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bleikd'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lerin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in loco Lerin provincie Saxo[n]um iuxta flumen Ouácra'' (...) ''Lerim'' (...)''in Lere'' (mGH Urk. Hdl nr. 50 s. 71) 1196-1197 ''Lere'' (schneidmüller, Kollegiatstifte s. 311) 1234 ''in Lere'' (...) ''plebano in Lere'' (UB Braunschweig iii nr. 440 s. 325) 1344 ''in villa Leere'' (Flentje / Henrichvark, lehnbücher nr. 142 s. 69) 1380 ''Lere'' (UB Braunschweig Vii nr. 351 s. 324) 1419 ''actum in Lere'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lehre'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liebenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Liebenburg''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Liebenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liliarum Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lilienthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Leendaal'' seu ''Lelendaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindduri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lindern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lindwedel]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lindwedel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linneweh'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Linsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Linsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lintlo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lintlo&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/kirchlinteln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist das Dorf erstmals 1123 als ''Lintlo'' belegt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchlinteln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinteln'' seu ''Kerklinneln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Liubeme]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lübbow&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/luebbow/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Schriftlich ist das zweizeilige Reihendorf erstmals in einer kaiserlichen Urkunde aus dem Jahr 956 erwähnt: Ks. Otto I. († 973) schenkte dem Kloster Quedlinburg sechs Dörfer, darunter ''Liubeme'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lübbow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''Das Güterverzeichniss Graf Heinrichs von Dale (1188)'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochia Lon prope Vechtam'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lohne''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Longa Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Indago&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_bij005190401_01/_bij005190401_01_0009.php?utm ''www.dbnl.org''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''parrochianus de Longa Indagine'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langenhogen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Longa Villa (Saxonia Inferior)|Longa Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Longa Villa&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Langendorf'' Latino toponymo &quot;Longa Villa&quot; verti solet. Qua de correspondentia, vide [https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/15237/PDF/17250.pdf?utm ''Das Waldhufendorf in Schlesien'', Gualterii Bernardi], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Langedorf ca. 1305 L.F.B.208 Longa villa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Langendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Langendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Loninga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Löningen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lubberstedi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lubberstedi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://lübberstedt.de/ueber-unser-dorf/?utm ''Lübberstedt''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der ursprüngliche Name „lubberstedi“ ist zusammengesetzt aus „stedi“ (Ort, Platz, Stelle), womit eine Ansiedlung bezeichnet wird, und „lubber“, dem Namen des (ursprünglichen) Familienoberhauptes des Einzelhofes bzw. der kleinen Gemeinschaftssiedlung, bedeutet also: „Lubbers-Stätte“. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lübberstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lübbs'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luccavia (Saxonia Inferior)|Luccavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luccavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Luckau'' forma &quot;Luccavia&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Luccavia]]m apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Luckau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luchovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Luchovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ludersburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüsborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ludersfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüschenfeile'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luerdissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lüerdissen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luhda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Luhden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Liuen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luneburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lutetsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lütetsburg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Lütsbörg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Luttera Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lyese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyese&quot;&gt;Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== M ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Maasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Maasen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Palus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Magna Palus&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/magnus?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum ''Große-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;magnus-a-um&quot;] et [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/altsaechsischeswoerterbuch/asF.pdf Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großefehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Maius Vrelstede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maius Vrelstede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der stadt WoLfsburg''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''in Maiori Vrelstede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Frellstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Frillstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marklohe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marlare (Saxonia Inferior)|Marlare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marlare&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Marl'' forma &quot;Marlare&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Marlare|Marlare Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]] apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marsunnon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marsunnon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://historischer-rueckklick-bielefeld.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/07svhvr-texte_ocr.pdf?utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Osnabrücker Raumes''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Merzen (Marsunnon)'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Merzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Marxa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marxen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Masingi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Messingen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2258/WOB%2011%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Kreises%20Paderborn.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''WOB 11 Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Paderborn''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''silva Masingorum'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Messingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mechtersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Mechtersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mechtsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meckelsa Minor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Meckelsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütt Meckels'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Media Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Media Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/mittelnkirchen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi &quot;(...) Mittelnkirchen ist nach 1305 und 1322 als ''medie Lu'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelnkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelskark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meinersa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Meinersen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Maanze'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Melbike]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Melbeck&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.samtgemeinde-ilmenau.de/PortalData/10/Resources/historie/dokumente/Orts-_und_Gewaessernamen_im_Landkreis_Lueneburg.pdf?utm ''Orts- und Gewässernamen im Landkreis Lueneburg'']. ubi &quot;(...) Melbeck 1296 in Melbeke. 1300 in villa Melbike. 1303 in villa Melbeke (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melbeck'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lemgo.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/Stadtarchiv/Bib_974.pdf?utm ''Album studiosorum Academiae'']. ubi &quot;(...) Henrich Carl Kahmann Mella-Osnabrugensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mellinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mellinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mellgenhusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Menslaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Menslage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Menslaoge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Merdvelde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Merdvelde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/martfeld/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''Curtem in Merdvelde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Martfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mattfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meribiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meribiki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=3296&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbeck''' (...) Meribiki MGd. 3 (1013) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Meerbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mierbke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Messencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Messenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Messenkampe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meine'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mittelstenaha]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelstenahe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mittelsnohn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moisburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Moisburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mesborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Molberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Molberga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/loescher2/loescherthreni.html ''THRENI, SEU LAMENTATIOnes Ieremiae Prophetae...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''Molberga vocatur'' (...) ''Sensit et externas Molberga innoxia vires'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Molbergen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Molbiergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Catonis (Saxonia Inferior)|Mons Catonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cadenberge''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuddeldutt'' seu ''Kumbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Monstere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monstere&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/munster-st-urbani/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''decima in Monstere'' (...)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Munster''; [[Saxonice]] ''Munste'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moormerlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moormerland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Moormerlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moranga Curtis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moringen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mundia Hannoverana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mundia Hannoverana&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spatial.demo.geocode.earth/explore/place/wof/101810167?utm ''Geocode Earth''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LAT preferred '''Mundia Hannoverana''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hann. Münden'' seu ''Hannoversch Münden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannöversch Münnen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Munimeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dronke 1844&quot;&gt;Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mutha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mutha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://niedersaechsischer-heimatbund.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1022-Die-echte-und-die-gef%C3%A4lschten-Urkunden-f%C3%BCr-das-Kloster-St.-MIchaelis-in-Hildesheim_compressed.pdf?utm ''Niedersächsischer Heimatbund''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) III. ''Mutha'' Güter (Urk. II S. 307); ''Mutha'' Güter (Urk. III S. 66) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Müden'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== N ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nahrendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nahrendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nenndorfium (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nenndorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nenndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Netesse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Netesse&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WG33LCQUIIHK3OA7DR6IKIOFHW6FXKYJ?utm ''12 Lüneburger Ratsmannen bekunden, dass der Magister Bernard de Netesse (Neetze) ½ Rump Salz...''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Magister Bernard de Netesse (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neetze''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neetz'' seu ''Näätz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neyenkerken&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-lueneburger-heide/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''bona, que Vriban vulgariter nuncupantur, in Neyenkerken et Hellewede'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Ericetum Luneburgense|Ericeto Luneburgensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lüneburger&quot;&gt;Theodiscum gentilicium ''Lüneburger'' Latino &quot;Luneburgensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad [[Luneburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lüneburger Heide&quot;&gt;Theodisce ''Lüneburger Heide''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niedernwöhren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niernweuern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-07-2017/AAAKoeblerGerhardSamtgemeindeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20170710%20-%20111.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  (Samtgemeinde in dem Landkreis Schaumburg,) rund 11000 Einwohner, Nienstide (1153-1170) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nighunburni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Negenborn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niägenborn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norden''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Eofrisicosaxonice]] ''Nörden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordcele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordcele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=2774&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Nordsehl''', 13. Jh., Gemeinde in Schaumburg, s. GOV Schaumburg 384, (in) Nordcele Cal (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nordsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nordsiele'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordenhamia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ham&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-ham'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-hamia-ae&quot; aut &quot;hamium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ham''' : -''hamia,'' -''hamium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordenham'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norderneia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Norderney''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Nördernee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nordtmor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordtmor&quot;&gt;Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio &quot;Nordtmorensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nortmoor/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Nordtmorensis: Hermannus Gueneranus'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nortmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Norhtunon-Hardenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/noerten/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Norhtunon'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northarpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nortrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nothemium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nortleda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nortleda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nordleda/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''] , ubi dicitur &quot;(...) urkundlich erstmals 1312 als ''Nortleda'' belegt (...) ''Marquardus de Nortleda'' (...) ''Thidericus rector ecclesie in Nortleda'' (...) ''rector parochialis ecclesia in Nortleda'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nordleda''; [[Saxonice]] ''De Lee'' seu ''Lee'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Notendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Notendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://mgh.de/storage/app/media/v-ed/Urkunden_Heinrich_VI_deut_franzoes_italien_Empfaenger_DD_Vorabedition_Pferschy-Maleczek_2020-02-16.pdf?utm ''Die Urkunden Heinrichs VI: Vorabedition''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''confirmamus ducentos mansos in Notendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Natendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Natendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nottensdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Nottensdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nottensdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Civitas (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Civitas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt am Rübenberge'' seu ''Neustadt a. Rbge.''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niestadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Darchavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neu Darchau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nee Darchau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Domus (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Domus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Domus&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuhaus'' Latino &quot;Nova Domum&quot; verti solet. Cf. Novas Domus apud {{Graesse}} aut [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neehuus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Birsinam)|Nova Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuenkirchen'' Latino &quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Nova Ecclesia (Liebenburgum)|Novam Ecclesiam Liebenburgensem]] apud [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [[Nova Ecclesia (Rugia)|Novam Ecclesiam in Rugia]] apud Fabricii (anno 1862) ''Urkunden zur Geschichte des Fürstenthums Rügen unter den eingebornen Fürsten''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Anclamum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope [[Anclamum]] apud Eggert (anno 1970) ''Geschichte Pommerns: Vol. 1. Bis zum Westfälischen Frieden''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Brandenburgum Novum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope Brandenburgum Novum apud ''Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 9); et Novam Ecclesiam Pomeranam apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(prope [[Birsina]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkarken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Ecclesia-Vorda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen-Vörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken-Vörden'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Exclusa Harlingana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;exclusa&gt;Vocabulum et suffixum [[lingua Saxonica|Saxonicum]] ''(-)Siel'' Theodisco vocabulum ''Schleuse'' respondet, ut iam Adelungus in ''Grammatisch-kritischem Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart'' s. v. ''Schleuse'' testatur: &quot;Im Niederdeutschen wird eine Schleuse ... ein Siel ... [vocatur]&quot;; ipsum autem Theodiscum ''Schleuse'' Latine &quot;exclusa, -ae&quot; f. redditur, nam Adelungus ibidem ''Schleuse'' inter mediae Latinitatis vocabula &quot;exclusa&quot;, &quot;inclusura&quot;, &quot;conclusio&quot;, &quot;sclusa&quot;, &quot;clusa&quot; refert, et ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'' quoque ''Schleuse'' = &quot;exclusa, -ae&quot; f. tradit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Harlinganus-a-um&quot;&gt;Theodiscum gentilicium interfixum ''-harlinger-'' Latino &quot;harlinganus-a-um&quot; vertitur. Quo de Latino gentilicio, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3275/Altharlingersiel.pdf?utm Heinze, A. (2015). ''Altharlingersiel''. Ostfriesische Landschaft, Bibliothek/Ortsdatenbank], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) claustrum Harlinganum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neuharlingersiel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeharlingersiel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Indago (Circulus terrae Cellensis)|Nova Indago]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienhagen&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Nienhagen'' &quot;Nova Indago&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_WfU-AAAAcAAJ/bub_gb_WfU-AAAAcAAJ_djvu.txt ''&quot;Meklenburgisches Urkundenbuch / 4 1297-1300 ; Nachträge und Register zu Band I - IV''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Nienhagen, A. Doberan, Kspl. Lichtenhagen, 13 NO Rostock, Nigenhaghen, Noua Indago, Nygenhaghen (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nienhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Neulehe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Lu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-altes-land/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) urkundlich erstmals 1274 als ''Nova Lu'' belegt (...) Landesgemeinde Altes Land (1361 eigenes Siegel, Umschrift: ''Sigillum communitates veteris terrae'') (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Vetus Terra|Vetere Terra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Lu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vetus Terra&quot;&gt;Theodisce ''Altes Land''.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neekark'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Palus Campensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;campensis&quot;&gt;Theodiscum interfixum ''-kamper-'' Latino gentilicio &quot;campensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad vocabulum &quot;campus-i&quot; (Theodisce ''Kamp'') refertur. Revera, [https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum lexemate ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-fehn&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neukamperfehn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeikamperfehn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Scona Mora]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scona Mora&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.holtgast-urlaub.de/cgi-bin/hvv/index.pl?gid=&amp;id=&amp;mid=40&amp;utm ''Die Benediktinerzeit''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Visiator fand um 1290 im Kloster &quot;Scona Mora&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Neuschoo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neeschoo'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neubörger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Naiboorger'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novum Wulmstorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neu Wulmstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vosshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nyenkerken (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NyenkerkenII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_bij005190401_01/_bij005190401_01_0009.php?utm ''dbnl''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Item curtis in Nyenkerken'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Osnabrugae|Circulo Osnabrugae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Osnabrück&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nyenkerken (Haduloha)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nyenkerken&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/neuenkirchen-land-hadeln/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''rector parrochialis ecclesie in Nyenkerken'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Haduloha (commune generale)|Haduloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Haduloha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/wz-9396.pdf?utm ''Westfälische Geschichte''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) &quot;Haduloha ... - hoc enim loco nomen, ubi oceanus Saxoniam alluit (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Land Hadeln'')&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkarken'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== O ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Oberndorfium (Osta)|Oberndorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oberndorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öberndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-holtia&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obernholt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Obernkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Obernkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öwernkerken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ochtersum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ochtersum'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Odenhus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Osloß'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oderquatum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oderquatum&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum terminationibus ''-at'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-atum-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-at''' : -''atum'' (...)&quot;. Hoc casu, latinizantia suffixa formae antiquae huius toponymi &quot;Oderquat&quot; applicantur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Zeitschrift_des_Historischen_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Niedersachsen_%28IA_zeitschriftdeshi1889hist%29.pdf?utm ''Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cadenberghe, Oppele, Oderquat (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oederquart'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Odishemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Odisheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Godshem'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oen (Saxonia Inferior)|Oen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''de dotali manso ecclesie Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de curia Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de domo Bernhardi Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) um 1150 ''in Toń'' (Urb. Werden I S. 234 Z. 19) 1188-1331 (A. 1331) ''in parrochia On'' (Philippi/Bannier, Güterverzeichnis S. 420) 1213 ''in parochia On'' (Niesert, Urkundensammlung IV Nr. 48 S. 188) 1263 ''de domo Herewici de One'' (WUB III Nr. 706 S. 366) 1282-1306 (A. Mitte 16. Jh.) ''curtem dictam Runhoff in parochia On'' (...) ''in parrochia On'' (...) ''domum des Doven in parochia Oen'' (...) ''curtem dictam Ruvenhoff, Cortehus in parochia On'' (...) ''in parochia Oen'' (Bruns, LB Steinfurt Nr. K53 S. 58) 1367 ''in parrochia, in qua et legione dictis Oen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ohne'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oesinga Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Oesingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Oesingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oetza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oetzen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ötzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ohrum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ohrum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohrn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldenburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ooldenbuurich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ollnborg'' seu ''Ollenbörg'' seu ''Ollenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorfium (Luya)|Oldendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Oldendorf'' in Latinam &quot;Oldendorfium&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10932874?p=378&amp;cq=ad&amp;lang=de ''Boicae Gentis Annalium Partis III Liber XXXIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ergo comperto, Vrangelium coactis ad Oldendorfium copijs (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olndörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oldendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldendorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/oldendorf-landkreis-stade/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Hermannus, rector ecclesie in Oldendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus Stadae|Circulo Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Stade&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Olendörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osta (Saxonia Inferior)|Osta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Osta&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osten-oste/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''dominus Otto, rector ecclesie in Osta'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosten'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osterbroke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Osterbroke&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/osterbruch/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''ecclesia in Osterbroke'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osterbruch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Osterbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ostereistadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ostereistedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oostereis'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda ad Harthicos Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Osterode am Harz&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.geonames.org/advanced-search.html?q=Goettingen ''www.geonames.org''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Osterode am Harz Osteroda ad Harthicos montes (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterode am Harz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ostroe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ottenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Otter]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Otter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottersberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ottersberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Otterbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovelgonna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ovelgönne''; [[Saxonice]] ''Övelgönn'' seu ''Övelgünn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oytha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Oyten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eiten'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== P ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Palus Hagensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Hagensis&quot;&gt;[https://www.latin-is-simple.com/de/vocabulary/noun/13172/ Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-marsch'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus paludis&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Hagensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Haga (Saxonia Inferior)|Hagam]] refertur, Theodiscum gentilicium praefixum ''Hager-'' vertitur. Quo de gentilicio et toponymo, vide [https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3191/Hage.pdf?utm ''Historische Ortsdatenbank für Ostfriesland''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Erscheinung trat der Ort als „curatus Hagensis“ im Jahr 1400. Spätere Bezeichnungen waren „Haga“ (um 1409)  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hagermarsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Regis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Palus Regis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum suffixum ''-moor'' Latino vocabulo &quot;palus-udis&quot; vertitur] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/rex?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum praefixum genetivo casu ''Königs-'' Latino genetivo &quot;regis&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königsmoor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Palus Rhaudensis Orientalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-rhauder-&quot;&gt;Theodiscum gentilicium interfixum ''-rhauder-'' Latino gentilicio &quot;Rhaudensis-e&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-fehn&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-fehn'' Latino nomine &quot;palus paludis&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orientalis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/orientalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost(er)-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;orientalis-e&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ostrhauderfehn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aastrauderfeen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Eofrisosaxonice]] ''Ōsterfēn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Papenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Papenburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parsavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Parsau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Patthenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husaPattensen&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}. Hoc casu suffixum primae formae huius toponymi ''Patthenhusen'' testatae applicatur. Qua de pristina forma, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B78-D/NOB%20I%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Hannover.pdf?utm ''NOB I Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises und der Stadt Hannover''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hildebrandus de Patthenhusen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pattensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pattjehiusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pennigsehl]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pennigsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Petrimons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perizonius 1758&quot;&gt;Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pohla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pohle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Peohle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pollhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Pollhagen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pons Cobbanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leuckfeld 1714&quot;&gt;Leuckfeld, J. G. (1714). ''Antiquitates Blankenburgenses, oder Historische Beschreibung derer vormals berühmten Grafen von Blankenburg, nebst dazugehörigen diplomatibus und Chartis''. Gottfried Freytag.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Coppenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Praefectura Neohusana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Grupen II 1742&quot;&gt;Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Vitulorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Calberlah'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prezella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Prezelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Prinzhofta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Prinzhöfte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Prinshööfd'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Q ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quakenbrugge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quakenbrugge&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/quakenbrueck-sylvester/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellanis in Quakenbrugge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Quakenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quokenbrügge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quenethorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''1197 Euerhardus de Quenethorpe'' (WUB II Cod. Nr. 564 S. 250) 1209 ''Everhardus de Quenethorp'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1248 ''Everhardo de Quenedorp'' (Osnabrücker UB II Nr. 525 S. 414) 1271 ''Everhadus de Quendhorpe'' (Osnabrücker UB III Nr. 443 S. 303) 1272 ''Everhardo de Quenthorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 926 S. 481) 1277 ''Everardo de Quedendorp'' (Oorkondenboek Utrecht IV Nr. 1940 S. 180) 1298 ''Frederico et Gerhardo fratribus de Quendorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 1600 S. 834) 1305 (A. 1492-1500) ''famulos de Quendorpe'' (Wilkens, Geschichte Nr. 11 S. 51) 1306 ''dicti de Quendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Quendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quendrup'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Querenhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Querenhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quernhost'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quernhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Quernheim'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== R ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Räbke]]
* [[Radbruch]]
* [[Raddestorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rastörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rastdorf]]
* [[Rastede]]
* [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]]
* [[Rechtsupweg]]
* [[Reeßum]]
* [[Regesbostel]]
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rehborg-Locken'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rehden]]
* [[Rehlingen]]
* [[Reinstorf]]
* [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]]
* [[Renkenberge]]
* [[Rennau]]
* [[Reppenstedt]]
* [[Rethem (Aller)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rhade]]
* [[Rhauderfehn]]
* [[Rhede (Ems)]]
* [[Rhumspringe]]
* [[Ribbesbüttel]]
* [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]]
* [[Rieste]]
* [[Ringe]]
* [[Ringstedt]]
* [[Rinteln]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ritterhude]]
* [[Rodenberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rodewald]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rowohle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rohrsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rohßen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Roklum]]
* [[Rollshausen]]
* [[Römstedt]]
* [[Ronnenberg]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ronnenbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosche]]
* [[Rosdorf]]
* [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]]
* [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotenburgum ad Wemmam&quot;&gt;De Latino toponymico syntagmate &quot;[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]&quot; -ad quod Latinum gentilicium &quot;Rotenburgensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo &quot;[[Wemma]]&quot;, etiam vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötgesbüttel]]
* [[Rüdershausen]]
* [[Rühen]]
* [[Rullstorf]]
{{div col end}}

=== S ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sachsenhagen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sagterlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BOV 2013&quot;&gt;Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salis Cancellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzbergen]]
* [[Salzdetfordium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Salzhausen]]
* [[Salzhemmendorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Samern]]
* [[Sandbostel]]
* [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]]
* [[Sanctae Mariae Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Mariental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sarstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sassenburg]]
* [[Sathsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sauensiek]]
* [[Schapen]]
* [[Scharnebeck]]
* [[Scheden]]
* [[Scheeßel]]
* [[Schellerten]]
* [[Schiffdorf]]
* [[Schladen-Werla]]
* [[Schnackenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schnega]]
* [[Schneverdingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schola Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ihlow''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ihl'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scholen]]
* [[Schönewörde]]
* [[Schöningen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schöppenstedt]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schortens]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schüttorf]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwaförden]]
* [[Schwanewede]]
* [[Schwarme]]	
* [[Schwarmstedt]]
* [[Schweindorf]]
* [[Schweringen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Swering'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwerinsdorf]]
* [[Schwienau]]
* [[Schwülper]]
* [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]]
* [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]]
* [[Seelze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seesen]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seevetal]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seggebruch]]
* [[Sehlde]]
* [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]]
* [[Sehnde]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seinje'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Selsingen]]
* [[Semmenstedt]]
* [[Seulingen]]
* [[Sibbesse]]
* [[Sickte]]
* [[Siedenburg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Orientalis (Neuenhusa)|Silva Orientalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wald&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Latinum substantivum &quot;silva-ae&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-wald''] vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orientalis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/orientalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost(er)-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;orientalis-e&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Osterwald''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wauld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sittensen]]
* [[Soderstorf]]
* [[Sögel]]	
* [[Söhlde]]
* [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]]
* [[Soltau]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Soltendieck]]
* [[Sottrum]]
* [[Spahnharrenstätte]]
* [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Spiekeroog]]
* [[Sprakensehl]]
* [[Springe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stadlandia]]&lt;ref&gt;Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA617&amp;lpg=PA617&amp;dq=statlandia+saxonia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Ysl9JI4L06&amp;sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&amp;q=statlandia%20saxonia&amp;f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Staffhorst]]
* [[Staufenberg]]
* [[Stavern]]
* [[Stedesdorf]]
* [[Steimbke]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Steembke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]]
* [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]]
* [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]]
* [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]]
* [[Stelle]]
* [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]]
* [[Stemne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stemne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nordstemmen/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''novem iugera sitam Stemne'' (...) ''novem iugeribus in Nortstempne'' (...) ''capellam in northstemne'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordstemmen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stemshorn]]
* [[Steyerberg]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Staarbarg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stinstedt]]
* [[Stöckse]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stöckse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stoetze]]
* [[Stolzenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stoltnaa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stuhr]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Südbrookmerland]]
* [[Suderburg]]
* [[Südergellersen]]
* [[Südheide]]
* [[Sudwalde]]
* [[Suhlendorf]]
* [[Sulingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Süpplingen]]
* [[Süpplingenburg]]
* [[Süstedt]]
* [[Sustrum]]
* [[Surwold]]
* [[Suthfeld]]
* [[Syke]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== T ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tappenbeck]]
* [[Tarmstedt]]
* [[Tespe]]
* [[Teuderium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Eofrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thransfellensis Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dransfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thedinghausen]]
* [[Theodolfestorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asseburg 1855&quot;&gt;Asseburg, J. von der. (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des Geschlechts von der Asseburg (Vol. 1)''. Hahnschen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dedelstorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thomasburg]]
* [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thuine]]
* [[Tiddische]]
* [[Tiste]]
* [[Toppenstedt]]
* [[Tostedt]]
* [[Tosterglope]]
* [[Trebel]]
* [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tülau]]
* [[Twieflingen]]
* [[Twilpstede Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Twilpstede Maius&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori'' (...) 1311 ''Twilpstede Maiori et Minori'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Twülpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Twülpstidde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]]
* [[Twistringen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== U ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Uchte]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Uchte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uehrde]]
* [[Uelsen]]
* [[Uetze]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ulsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ummern]]
* [[Undeloh]]
* [[Upgant-Schott]]
* [[Uplengen]]
* [[Urlaha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Vide [https://oerrel.feuerwehr-munster.de/---orla---die-kleine-oertze-.html ''Freiwillige Feuerwehr Oerre''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) „Vrlaha“ als das Kirchdorf „Oerel“ (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oerel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Uslar]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Utarp]]
{{div col end}}

=== V ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vahlberg]]
* [[Vahlbruch]]
* [[Vahlde]]
* [[Vallis Ambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ambra&quot;&gt;Latino de toponymo &quot;Ambra&quot; (Theodisce ''Emmer''), vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Tal?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum vocabulum ''T(h)al'' aut Theodiscum suffixum ''-t(h)al'' Latino vocabulo &quot;vallis-is&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Emmerthal''; [[Saxonice]] ''Emmerdaal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Claustra-Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conring 1730&quot;&gt;Conring, H. (1730). ''De Antiquitatibus Academicis Dissertationes Septem''. Officina Smeinkiana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Clausthal-Zellerfeld''; [[Supraharthice]] ''Clasthol-Zallerfall'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Mimedensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mimedensis&quot;&gt;Theodiscum hydronymicum praefixum ''Nieme-'' Latino gentilicio &quot;Mimedensis-e&quot; vertitur, quod ad flumen Mimede seu Mymede (Theodisce ''Nieme'') refertur. Quo de Latino hydronymo, vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B74-6/NOB%20IV%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20G%C3%B6ttingen.pdf?utm ''NOB IV Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Göttingen''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''riuum, qui teutonice Mimede vocatur'' (...) ''riuum, qui toutonice Mymede vocatur'' (...) ''flumine Mimede'' (...) ''riuum, qui Mymede vocatur''  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Niemetal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varel]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Varrel]]
* [[Vastorf]]
* [[Vechelde]]
* [[Velpke]]
* [[Veltheim (Ohe)]]
* [[Vetha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Via Paludis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Via Paludis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Moor?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum nominale praefixum ''Moor-'' Latino substantivo casu genetivo &quot;paludis&quot; (f.)] et [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Weg?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum nominale suffixum ''-weg'' Latino nomine &quot;via-ae&quot; (f.)] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Moorweg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Adelaidis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ALF 2016&quot;&gt;Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vicus Vetus Hassicus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GM/06/Hessisch_Oldendorf.html?utm ''www.fallingrain''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Other (Latin) names: Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Vicus Vetus Hassicus,Hessisch-Oldendorf,Hessisch-Oldendorf''' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hessisch Oldendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eolendörpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vierden]]
* [[Vierhöfen]]
* [[Vildhusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Cremilonis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Cremlingen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vintlum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vintlum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/schneverdingen-peter-und-paul/?utm ''Schneverdingen, Peter und Paul''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''capella in honorem sancti Anthonii in villa Vintlo parrochie Snewerdinge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Fintel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Visbek]]
* [[Visselhövede]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vögelsen]]
* [[Vollersode]]
* [[Voltlage]]
* [[Vorda Bremensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bremervörde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bremervöör'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vordorf]]
* [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Vrees]]
{{div col end}}

=== W ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Waake]]
* [[Waddeweitz]]
* [[Wagenfeld]]
* [[Wagenhoff]]
* [[Wahrenholz]]
* [[Walchum]]
* [[Walkenried]]
* [[Wallenhorst]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wallmoden]]
* [[Walsrode]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wangelnstedt]]
* [[Wangerland]]
* [[Wangerooge]]
* [[Wanna]]
* [[Warberg]]
* [[Wardenburg]]
* [[Warmsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warmsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Warpe]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Warpe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wasbüttel]]
* [[Wathlingen]]
* [[Wedemark]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weener]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weenzen]]
* [[Wehrbleck]]
* [[Welle]]
* [[Wendeburg]]
* [[Wendisch Evern]]
* [[Wennigsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wenngessen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wenzendorf]]
* [[Werdum]]
* [[Werlte]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werpeloh]]
* [[Wesendorf]]
* [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]]
* [[Westergellersen]]
* [[Westerholt]]
* [[Westertimke]]
* [[Westerwalsede]]
* [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]]
* [[Westoverledingen]]
* [[Wetschen]]
* [[Wettrup]]
* [[Weyhausen]]
* [[Weyhe]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wieda]]
* [[Wiedensahl]] &lt;small&gt;[[oppidum]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wiefelstede]]
* [[Wielen]]
* [[Wienhausen]]
* [[Wiesmoor]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietmarschen]]
* [[Wietze]]
* [[Wietzen]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wietzen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wietzendorf]]
* [[Wilhelmshaven]] &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilstedt]]
* [[Wilsum]]
* [[Wingst]]
* [[Winkelsett]]
* [[Winnigstedt]]
* [[Winsen (Aller)]] 
* [[Winsenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Büttner&quot;&gt;Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ad [[Luya]]m&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Winzenburg]]
* [[Wippingen]]
* [[Wirdum]]
* [[Wischhafen]]
* [[Wistedt]]
* [[Witmundia]]&lt;ref&gt;E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Witmundia&amp;hl=ru&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Witmundia&amp;f=false p. 281].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittingen]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittmar]]
* [[Wittorf]]
* [[Wohnste]]
* [[Wolfsburgum]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wollbrandshausen]]
* [[Wollershausen]]
* [[Wölpinghausen]]
* [[Wolsdorf]]
* [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]]
* [[Woltershausen]]
* [[Worde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Worde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/grossenwoerden/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Hinricus rector ecclesie in Worde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenwörden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grootweurn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Worpswede]]
* [[Wremen]]
* [[Wrestedt]]
* [[Wriedel]]
* [[Wulfsen]]
* [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]]
* [[Wunstorf]] &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wunsdörp'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wurster Nordseeküste]]
* [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Y ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Ylsede]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ylsede&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kleinilsede.hier-im-netz.de/historis.htm ''Historisches über Klein Ilsede''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) minori ylsede (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ilsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ilse'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ysinibutle]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ysinibutle&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5905372&amp;utm ''Arcinsys''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Isenbüttel, Kr. Gifhorn (Ysinibutle, Ysenebutle) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Isenbüttel'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

=== Z ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zernien]]
* [[Zetel]]
* [[Zeven]] &lt;small&gt;[[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zorge]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]]</text>
      <sha1>r7b3zmnd5ymw4ioqk18nuz6ln9o5c6a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Manius Aquillius (consul 101 a.C.n.)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>223146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996066</id>
      <parentid>3757101</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T17:14:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Cursus honorum */</comment>
      <origin>3996066</origin>
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      <text bytes="2121" sha1="sdzngto3ynkcijurlbywfejk919x0lu" xml:space="preserve">'''Manius Aquillius Florus''' (natus saeculo 2 a.C.n., mortuus anno [[88 a.C.n.]] in Asia) vir [[Consularis|consularis]] [[Imperium Romanum|Romanus]] fuit.

== Gens ==
Pater eius [[Manius Aquillius]] anno [[129 a.C.n.]] consulatum administravit.

== Cursus honorum ==
Anno [[104 a.C.n.]] aut antea [[praetor|praeturam]] gessit. Anno [[101 a.C.n.]] una cum [[Gaius Marius|Gaio Mario]] V consulatum gessit atque proconsul anno [[100 a.C.n.|100]]/[[99 a.C.n.]] seditionem servorum in [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Sicilia]] suppressit. Ducem servorum Athenium sua manu necavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Diodorus Siculus]] XXXVI 10&lt;/ref&gt;; idcirco Romae ''[[Ovatio|ovationem]]'' accepit. Anno [[97 a.C.n.]] ''repetundarum'' accusatus a claro oratore [[Marcus Antonius (consul 99 a.C.n.)|Marco Antonio]] defensus absolutus est&lt;ref&gt;[[Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''de oratore'' II 194-196&lt;/ref&gt;. Annis [[90 a.C.n.|90]] - [[88 a.C.n.]] legatus senatus reges [[Nicomedes IV (rex Bithyniae)|Nicomedem]] in [[Bithynia]]m et Ariobarbanem in [[Cappadocia (provincia Romana)|Cappadociam]] reduxit. Aquillius gloriam appetens Nicomedi bellum contra [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem VI]] regem [[Pontus (regnum)|Ponti]] persuasit. Sed apud flumen Sangarium pervictus [[Ephesus|Ephesum]] et inde [[Mytilenae|Mytilenas]] fugit. Dehinc Mithridati traditus et crudeliter necatus est&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus]], ''Mithridates'' 33-80. Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|de Imperio Cn. Pompei]]'' 11.&lt;/ref&gt;. Narrantur enim fusum aurum in fauces infudisse, sic avaritiam nimiam exprobrantes.

== Bibliographia ==
*{{DNP|1|936|937|[I 4] A., M'Carolus-Ludovicus Elvers}}

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Quintus Lutatius Catulus]] et [[Gaius Marius]] IV|
annus= 101 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Gaius Marius|Gaio Mario]] V|
successores=[[Lucius Valerius Flaccus (consul 100 a.C.n.)|Lucius Valerius Flaccus]] et [[Gaius Marius]] VI}}

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 a.C.n.|88 a.C.n.|Aquillius, Manius}}
[[Categoria:Gens Aquilia]]
[[Categoria:Senatores]]
[[Categoria:Praetores]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Audoenus (episcopus Rothomagensis)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996063</id>
      <parentid>3915830</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T17:03:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1694" sha1="qhj3ajhb0if0vlldyh4bd7p9iraikxo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[File:Saint-Ouen.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Statua Sancti Audoeni ad portam abbatiae Rothomagensis locata]]
{{res|Audoenus}}&lt;ref&gt;[[google]] books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=iCdrgCebbZYC&amp;pg=PT153&amp;lpg=PT153&amp;dq=sanctus+audoenus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Jvi_yRtioD&amp;sig=L890w2NjFHCAECmBeJDTs3uxP7Y&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=4UmMVZnvOuLOyQPZ_oCgAw&amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=sanctus%20audoenus&amp;f=false Annales Monastici, auctor: Henry Richards Luard]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/442594 &quot;Sanctus Audoenus adhuc tyro&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/472/mode/2up?view=theater Martyrologium Romanum] (Typis vaticanis, Romae 2004): &quot;[[Clipiacum (Alta Sequanae)|Clippíaci]] in agro Parisiénsi, tránsitus sancti Audoeni, epíscopi Rothomagénsis, qui, ex regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagobérti]] referendário ad episcopátum ordinátus, [[Ecclesia|Ecclésiam]] suam feliciter rexit annos tres et quadragínta, plúrimas [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclésias]] condens et monastéria fovens.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (natus anno circiter 606; mortuus [[686]]) fuit episcopus [[Rothomagus|Rothomagensis]] ab anno fere [[640]]. [[Sanctus]] hodie in [[ecclesia Catholica]] commemoratur. Eo loco ubi mortuus est [[fanum Sancti Audoeni|civitas Sancti Audoeni]] creata est.

Audoenus ad aulam regis [[Chlotarius II|Chlotarii]] educatus est. Deinde referendarius erat regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagoberti]]. Denique erat consularius regis [[Theudericus III|Theuderici]].

''Vitam Sancti Eligii'' composuit.

===Notae===
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

{{Anni vitae|saeculo 7|686|Auoenus Rothomagensis}}
[[Categoria:sancti]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Rothomagenses]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996064</id>
      <parentid>3996063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T17:04:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3996064</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1695" sha1="oywa6tyim8aec7egpj6qimfd6646d9f" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[File:Saint-Ouen.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Statua Sancti Audoeni ad portam abbatiae Rothomagensis locata]]
{{res|Audoenus}}&lt;ref&gt;[[google]] books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=iCdrgCebbZYC&amp;pg=PT153&amp;lpg=PT153&amp;dq=sanctus+audoenus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Jvi_yRtioD&amp;sig=L890w2NjFHCAECmBeJDTs3uxP7Y&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=4UmMVZnvOuLOyQPZ_oCgAw&amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=sanctus%20audoenus&amp;f=false Annales Monastici, auctor: Henry Richards Luard]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/442594 &quot;Sanctus Audoenus adhuc tyro&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/472/mode/2up?view=theater Martyrologium Romanum] (Typis vaticanis, Romae 2004): &quot;[[Clipiacum (Alta Sequanae)|Clippíaci]] in agro Parisiénsi, tránsitus sancti Audoeni, epíscopi Rothomagénsis, qui, ex regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagobérti]] referendário ad episcopátum ordinátus, [[Ecclesia|Ecclésiam]] suam feliciter rexit annos tres et quadragínta, plúrimas [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclésias]] condens et monastéria fovens.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (natus anno circiter 606; mortuus [[686]]) fuit episcopus [[Rothomagus|Rothomagensis]] ab anno fere [[640]]. [[Sanctus]] hodie in [[ecclesia Catholica]] commemoratur. Eo loco ubi mortuus est [[fanum Sancti Audoeni|civitas Sancti Audoeni]] creata est.

Audoenus ad aulam regis [[Chlotarius II|Chlotarii]] educatus est. Deinde referendarius erat regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagoberti]]. Denique erat consularius regis [[Theudericus III|Theuderici]].

''Vitam Sancti Eligii'' composuit.

===Notae===
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

{{Anni vitae|saeculo 7|686|Audoenus Rothomagensis}}
[[Categoria:sancti]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Rothomagenses]]</text>
      <sha1>oywa6tyim8aec7egpj6qimfd6646d9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996065</id>
      <parentid>3996064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T17:04:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Hagiographi]]; +[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]</comment>
      <origin>3996065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1763" sha1="4d21spocu03cau6036xp2suv8l3toub" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[File:Saint-Ouen.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Statua Sancti Audoeni ad portam abbatiae Rothomagensis locata]]
{{res|Audoenus}}&lt;ref&gt;[[google]] books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=iCdrgCebbZYC&amp;pg=PT153&amp;lpg=PT153&amp;dq=sanctus+audoenus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Jvi_yRtioD&amp;sig=L890w2NjFHCAECmBeJDTs3uxP7Y&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=4UmMVZnvOuLOyQPZ_oCgAw&amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=sanctus%20audoenus&amp;f=false Annales Monastici, auctor: Henry Richards Luard]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/442594 &quot;Sanctus Audoenus adhuc tyro&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/472/mode/2up?view=theater Martyrologium Romanum] (Typis vaticanis, Romae 2004): &quot;[[Clipiacum (Alta Sequanae)|Clippíaci]] in agro Parisiénsi, tránsitus sancti Audoeni, epíscopi Rothomagénsis, qui, ex regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagobérti]] referendário ad episcopátum ordinátus, [[Ecclesia|Ecclésiam]] suam feliciter rexit annos tres et quadragínta, plúrimas [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclésias]] condens et monastéria fovens.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (natus anno circiter 606; mortuus [[686]]) fuit episcopus [[Rothomagus|Rothomagensis]] ab anno fere [[640]]. [[Sanctus]] hodie in [[ecclesia Catholica]] commemoratur. Eo loco ubi mortuus est [[fanum Sancti Audoeni|civitas Sancti Audoeni]] creata est.

Audoenus ad aulam regis [[Chlotarius II|Chlotarii]] educatus est. Deinde referendarius erat regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagoberti]]. Denique erat consularius regis [[Theudericus III|Theuderici]].

''Vitam Sancti Eligii'' composuit.

===Notae===
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

{{Anni vitae|saeculo 7|686|Audoenus Rothomagensis}}
[[Categoria:sancti]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Rothomagenses]]
[[Categoria:Hagiographi]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>4d21spocu03cau6036xp2suv8l3toub</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996094</id>
      <parentid>3996065</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:06:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notae */</comment>
      <origin>3996094</origin>
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      <text bytes="1761" sha1="oormfqpo24toh3se7s8o3hns0io54hh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[File:Saint-Ouen.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Statua Sancti Audoeni ad portam abbatiae Rothomagensis locata]]
{{res|Audoenus}}&lt;ref&gt;[[google]] books: [https://books.google.de/books?id=iCdrgCebbZYC&amp;pg=PT153&amp;lpg=PT153&amp;dq=sanctus+audoenus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Jvi_yRtioD&amp;sig=L890w2NjFHCAECmBeJDTs3uxP7Y&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=4UmMVZnvOuLOyQPZ_oCgAw&amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=sanctus%20audoenus&amp;f=false Annales Monastici, auctor: Henry Richards Luard]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/442594 &quot;Sanctus Audoenus adhuc tyro&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/MartRom2004/page/472/mode/2up?view=theater Martyrologium Romanum] (Typis vaticanis, Romae 2004): &quot;[[Clipiacum (Alta Sequanae)|Clippíaci]] in agro Parisiénsi, tránsitus sancti Audoeni, epíscopi Rothomagénsis, qui, ex regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagobérti]] referendário ad episcopátum ordinátus, [[Ecclesia|Ecclésiam]] suam feliciter rexit annos tres et quadragínta, plúrimas [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclésias]] condens et monastéria fovens.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (natus anno circiter 606; mortuus [[686]]) fuit episcopus [[Rothomagus|Rothomagensis]] ab anno fere [[640]]. [[Sanctus]] hodie in [[ecclesia Catholica]] commemoratur. Eo loco ubi mortuus est [[fanum Sancti Audoeni|civitas Sancti Audoeni]] creata est.

Audoenus ad aulam regis [[Chlotarius II|Chlotarii]] educatus est. Deinde referendarius erat regis [[Dagobertus I|Dagoberti]]. Denique erat consularius regis [[Theudericus III|Theuderici]].

''Vitam Sancti Eligii'' composuit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes biographici}}

{{Anni vitae|saeculo 7|686|Audoenus Rothomagensis}}
[[Categoria:sancti]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Rothomagenses]]
[[Categoria:Hagiographi]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Molgonus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>246079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996007</id>
      <parentid>3760627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:33:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>172423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:Mougon1.jpg]] → [[File:Pont de Pigerat sur le Lambon à Mougon.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · More precise and not just a meaningless one word name</comment>
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      <text bytes="1381" sha1="hly1mc4vqv6w767ik3kghhkcwshqq4j" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Pont de Pigerat sur le Lambon à Mougon.jpg |thumb|250 px|Molgonus: despectus in [[silva]]m]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 79185.png|250 px|left|thumb|Molgonus: communis tabula]]

'''Molgonus''',&lt;ref name=&quot;Ledain&quot;&gt;Bélisaire Ledain, ''Dictionnaire topographique du département des Deux-Sèvres'' (Pictaviae, 1902) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k110100q textus]&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo ''Mougon'', est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'081 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Utraeque Separae|Utrarumque Separarum]] in provincia occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Pictaviensi et Carantonis]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]).

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Utrarumque Separarum|Indicem communium praefecturae Utrarumque Separarum]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat|Mougon|Molgonum}}
* {{INSEE commune|79185|de=Molgono}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=24164 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517165349/http://www.mougon.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae utriusque Separis]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae utriusque Separis]]</text>
      <sha1>hly1mc4vqv6w767ik3kghhkcwshqq4j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996081</id>
      <parentid>3996007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:05:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3996081</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1428" sha1="gru3iu7efa29jnzkvcvm34hhfi8wt64" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Pont de Pigerat sur le Lambon à Mougon.jpg |thumb|Despectus in pontem de Pigerat in flumine Lambon et in [[silva]]m circumiectam.]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 79185.png|upright=0.8|left|thumb|Communis tabula.]]
'''Molgonus'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ledain&quot;&gt;Bélisaire Ledain, ''Dictionnaire topographique du département des Deux-Sèvres'' (Pictaviae, 1902) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k110100q textus].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Mougon'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'081 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Utraeque Separae|Utrarumque Separarum]] in provincia occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Pictaviensi et Carantonis]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]).

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Utrarumque Separarum|Indicem communium praefecturae Utrarumque Separarum]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mougon|Molgonum}}
* {{INSEE commune|79185|de=Molgono}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=24164 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517165349/http://www.mougon.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae utriusque Separis]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae utriusque Separis]]</text>
      <sha1>gru3iu7efa29jnzkvcvm34hhfi8wt64</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vardo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>250829</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996172</id>
      <parentid>3709044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:26:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mateus2019</username>
        <id>117937</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Romnichal Wagon.jpg]] → [[File:Romanichal ledge vardo.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · &quot;Romnichal&quot; is a misspelling. Also, might as well be more specific on the type of wagon.</comment>
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      <text bytes="4294" sha1="dhi5082yjqqagxzfk6njo7lljv32l8w" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Inside Reading waggon.JPG|thumb|200px|Interior vardonis generis Reading pars, olim a [[Zingari]]s Britannicis (Romanichal) adhibita. [[Familia]] in [[vicus|vico]] [[Rhu]] [[museum|museo]] donavit.]]
{{Videhom|Vardo (praefectura Franciae)}}
'''Vardo'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Anglice]] ''waggon,'' ''living wagon,'' ''van,'' et ''caravan.''&lt;/ref&gt; est [[traditio]]nalis [[carrus]] ab [[equus|equis]] tractus quo [[Zingari]] [[Britannia|Britannici]] (Romanichal) pro [[domus|domo]] uti solent.&lt;ref&gt;Ward-Jackson 1973.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoc [[vehiculum]], saepe [[caminus|camino]] praeditum, plerumque habetur ornatissimum, contortissimum, clarissime pictum, adeo [[aurum|inauratum]]. Videtur praeterea designatione [[ars|artificiosa]] et opere [[lignum|ligneo]] exemplum [[cultura]]e altae.&lt;ref&gt;Thorburn et Baxter 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Vardo maximam gratiam circa septuagensimos annos habebat, ab [[1850]] fere ad [[1920]]. Quod autem hodie quaestui non iam adhibetur, sed in nundinis equestribus Romanichal per annum [[exhibitio|exhibetur]], quarum meercatus equestris ad [[Appleby]] notissimus est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
[[Fasciculus:Rumnichal Horse Trotting Cart.jpg|thumb|''Trotting cart'' generis Romanichal.]]
[[Fasciculus:Romanichal ledge vardo.jpg|thumb|''Ledge vardo'' generis Romanichal]]
[[Fasciculus:Waggon door carving.JPG|thumb|[[Traditio]]nale [[avis]] Romanichal (''chiriklo'') caelatum, in ianua visum. Vardo generis Reading, ex [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] ineunte.]]
*Capstick, Tony, et Paul Donoghue. [[2002]]. ''Appleby Horse Fair: A Collection of Stories, Poems and Photographs.'' North Yorkshire: The Appleby Fair Company.
*Fraser, Angus. [[1995]]. ''The Gypsies.'' Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0631196056.
*Hart, Edward. [[1993]]. The gypsy horse type of coloured pony. In ''The Coloured Horse and Pony.'' Allen Breed Series (Londinii: A. Allen &amp; Co. Limited ISBN 0851315720) pp 58–71
*Harvey, Denis E. [[1979]]. ''The Gypsies: Waggon-Time and After.'' Batsford. ISBN 0713415487. [http://books.google.com/books?id=R3N0AAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3AqQQHT-60QkAC&amp;source=gbs_book_other_versions Interrete.]
*Hockensmith, John Stephen. [[2006]]. ''The Traveler's Way: The Road to Appleby Fair.'' Fine Art Editions Gallery and Press. ISBN 9781599755977. [http://books.google.com/books?id=K6yoMAEACAAJ&amp;dq=The+Traveler%27s+Way&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=m3MxUYvcMIma8gSJmoCYAg&amp;ved=0CFEQ6AEwBQ Google Books.]
*Jones,  E. Alan. (1986) [[2002]]. ''Yorkshire Gypsy Fairs Customs &amp; Caravans: 1885 to the Present.'' North Yorkshire: The Appleby Fair Company. ISBN 0907033431. [http://books.google.com/books?id=nQR6AAAACAAJ&amp;dq=0907033431&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=oAE9UYu4IYqc8QSA3YD4Aw&amp;ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA Google Books.]
*Lemke, Timothy. [[2007]]. ''The New Gypsy Caravan.'' Lulu.com. ISBN 1430302704.
*Thorbum, Gordon, et John Baxtr. [[2010]]. ''Travelling Art: Gypsy and Canal Barges.'' The History Press Ltd. ISBN 0752455028.
*Ward-Jackson, C. H., et Denis E. Harvey. (1972) [[1973]]. ''The English Gypsy Caravan: Its Origins, Builders, Technology and Conservation.'' David &amp; Charles Publisher Limited. ISBN 0715356801. [http://books.google.com/books?id=UvJPMwEACAAJ&amp;dq=The+English+Gypsy+Caravan&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=HHMxUa3KJ4X29gT734CQDQ&amp;ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg Google Books.] 
*Wood, Manfri Frederick. [[1973]]. ''In the Life of a Romany Gypsy.'' Londinii: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul Books. ISBN 0710075952.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Domuncula subrotata]]
*[[Tractum periegeticum]]

==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061518/http://gypsywaggons.co.uk/ Gypsy waggons,] gypsywaggons.co.uk
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615101514/http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/collections/gypsy/wagons.htm Exempla,] sca.lib.liv.ac.uk
*[http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=RKY3lNRmYpE&amp;feature=related Exemplum: Dunton Reading wagon circa 1914, pars 1] uk.youtube.com (pellicula)
* [http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=ch4u5XNt2Vc&amp;feature=related Exemplum: pars interior Dunton Reading wagon circa 1914, pars 3,] uk.youtube.com (pellicula)
*[http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=9O8LyVnz9ls&amp;feature=related De Nick Dowe, traditionali vardo pictore et refectore currorum,] uk.youtube.com (pellicula)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061518/http://gypsywaggons.co.uk/ Propositum Vardo Britanniarum Regni,] gypsywaggons.co.uk

[[Categoria:Tracta]]
[[Categoria:Zingari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi</title>
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      <text bytes="11704" sha1="b7utq7zfr2sbd9qg43ztaktmj88gnmj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NOH.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo in comitatu Binethensi]]
'''Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus in Comitatũ Binethensi&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Grafschaft Bentheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum syntagma &quot;in Comitatũ Binethensi&quot; Theodiscum ''Grafschaft Bentheim'' vertit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Grafschaft Bentheim''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Grafskup Bentheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Groafschup Bentem''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit et deinde ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Northorna]] est.

== Historia ==
Comitatus Binethensis anno [[1015]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Annis [[1974]], [[1977]] atque [[1978]] fines circuli paulum mutatae sunt.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt 25 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Binethemum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim''), urbs (15.104 incolae)
* [[Northorna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn''), urbs et caput circuli (52.579)
* [[Wietmarschen]] (11.765)

* [[Emmelkampus (commune generale)|Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.altreformiert.de/beuker/geschichte/grafschaft-bentheim/ERK-GRAFSCH_Classis_1625-1705_Prot_-_Plasger_2021_gjb.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Protokolle der Classis der reformierten Prediger der Grafschaft Bentheim 1625–1705''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Domino Bernhardus Tinneken Pastorum Emmelkampum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp'') commune generale (14.428)
** [[Emmelkampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmelkampus&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emlichheim''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Batavice]] ''Emmelkamp''), sedes administrationis (7.288)
** [[Hoogstede]] (2.883)
** [[Lare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lare&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''LAAR''' (Gem. Laar, Samtgem. Emlichheim) 1232 (A. 14. Jh.) ''totum Lare cum ecclesia'' (Gesta Episc. Traiect. S. 424 Z. 51) 1312 (Transs. 1332; A.) ''sex domos [...] de Lare'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Laar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loar'') (2.176)
** [[Ringe]] (2.081)

* [[Neuenhusa (commune generale)|Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus'') commune generale (13.896)
** [[Aszi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hermann&quot;&gt;Hermann Abels: ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. S. 27f.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esche'') (573)
** [[Georgsdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Georgsdorf'') (1.280)
** [[Laga (Saxonia Inferior)|Laga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loage'') (1.059)
** [[Neuenhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenhaus''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenhuus''), urbs et sedes administrationis (9813)
** [[Silva Orientalis (Neuenhusa)|Silva Orientalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wald&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Latinum substantivum &quot;silva-ae&quot; Theodiscum suffixum ''-wald''] vertit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orientalis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/orientalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost(er)-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;orientalis-e&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Osterwald''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wauld'') (1.171)

* [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttdorf]] commune generale (15.388)
** [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn'') (432)
** [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'') (581)
** [[Oen (Saxonia Inferior)|Oen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''de dotali manso ecclesie Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de curia Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de domo Bernhardi Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) um 1150 ''in Toń'' (Urb. Werden I S. 234 Z. 19) 1188-1331 (A. 1331) ''in parrochia On'' (Philippi/Bannier, Güterverzeichnis S. 420) 1213 ''in parochia On'' (Niesert, Urkundensammlung IV Nr. 48 S. 188) 1263 ''de domo Herewici de One'' (WUB III Nr. 706 S. 366) 1282-1306 (A. Mitte 16. Jh.) ''curtem dictam Runhoff in parochia On'' (...) ''in parrochia On'' (...) ''domum des Doven in parochia Oen'' (...) ''curtem dictam Ruvenhoff, Cortehus in parochia On'' (...) ''in parochia Oen'' (Bruns, LB Steinfurt Nr. K53 S. 58) 1367 ''in parrochia, in qua et legione dictis Oen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ohne'') (572)
** [[Quenethorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''1197 Euerhardus de Quenethorpe'' (WUB II Cod. Nr. 564 S. 250) 1209 ''Everhardus de Quenethorp'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1248 ''Everhardo de Quenedorp'' (Osnabrücker UB II Nr. 525 S. 414) 1271 ''Everhadus de Quendhorpe'' (Osnabrücker UB III Nr. 443 S. 303) 1272 ''Everhardo de Quenthorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 926 S. 481) 1277 ''Everardo de Quedendorp'' (Oorkondenboek Utrecht IV Nr. 1940 S. 180) 1298 ''Frederico et Gerhardo fratribus de Quendorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 1600 S. 834) 1305 (A. 1492-1500) ''famulos de Quendorpe'' (Wilkens, Geschichte Nr. 11 S. 51) 1306 ''dicti de Quendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Quendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quendrup'') (548)
** [[Samern]] (745)
** [[Schüttorf]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.510)

* [[Uelsen (commune generale)|Uelsen]] commune generale (11.169)
** [[Geteloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Getelo''; [[Saxonice]] ''Getel'') (550)
** [[Golencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gölenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Göllenkamp'') (588)
** [[Halla (Comitatus Binethensis)|Halla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Halla prope Neuenhusam&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Halle'' plerumque toponymo &quot;Halla-ae&quot; latinizatur. Qua de latinizatione, vide complures Hallae apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Halle'') (663)
** [[Itterbecca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-ecca&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ec(k)'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-ecca-ae&quot; seu &quot;-eca-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-ec, -eck''' : -''ecca'', -''ēca'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Itterbeck'') (1.760)
** [[Uelsen]], sedes administrationis (5.468)
** [[Wielen]] (551)
** [[Wilsum]] (1.589)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Grafschaft Bentheim|circulum in comitatu Binethensi}}
[http://www.grafschaft-bentheim.de Pagina officialis]


{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Schüttorf (commune generale)</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Schüttorf Market and City Hall.jpg|thumb|left|Curia communis Schüttorf]]
'''Schüttorf''' est [[commune generale]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Samtgemeinde'') [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|circulo in Comitatu Binethensi]] situm.

== Historia ==
Die [[14 Decembris]] [[1970]] Schüttorf commune generale a communibus Schüttorf, [[Engda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Engden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Engn''), [[Drievorda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Drievorden''), [[Neerlaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Neerlage''), [[Wengsel]]i (Theodisce ''Wengsel''), [[Oen (Saxonia Inferior)|Oene]] (Theodisce et Saxonice ''Ohne''), [[Quenethorpe|Quenethorpi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''1197 Euerhardus de Quenethorpe'' (WUB II Cod. Nr. 564 S. 250) 1209 ''Everhardus de Quenethorp'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1248 ''Everhardo de Quenedorp'' (Osnabrücker UB II Nr. 525 S. 414) 1271 ''Everhadus de Quendhorpe'' (Osnabrücker UB III Nr. 443 S. 303) 1272 ''Everhardo de Quenthorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 926 S. 481) 1277 ''Everardo de Quedendorp'' (Oorkondenboek Utrecht IV Nr. 1940 S. 180) 1298 ''Frederico et Gerhardo fratribus de Quendorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 1600 S. 834) 1305 (A. 1492-1500) ''famulos de Quendorpe'' (Wilkens, Geschichte Nr. 11 S. 51) 1306 ''dicti de Quendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Quendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quendrup''), Samern atque Suddendorf constitutum est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[1974]] Drivorda cum Engda, Neerlaga et Wengseli ad commune Iserbergam coniuncti sunt. A die [[1 Novembris]] [[1974]] Suddendorf pars Schüttorf est. Nunc e communibus [[Engda]] (432 incolae), [[Isterberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Isterberg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Isterbarg'') (581), [[Oen (Saxonia Inferior)|Oen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB XV&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''de dotali manso ecclesie Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de curia Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) 1110 (A. 14. Jh.) ''de domo Bernhardi Oen'' (Niesert, Beiträge I Nr. 83 S. 258) um 1150 ''in Toń'' (Urb. Werden I S. 234 Z. 19) 1188-1331 (A. 1331) ''in parrochia On'' (Philippi/Bannier, Güterverzeichnis S. 420) 1213 ''in parochia On'' (Niesert, Urkundensammlung IV Nr. 48 S. 188) 1263 ''de domo Herewici de One'' (WUB III Nr. 706 S. 366) 1282-1306 (A. Mitte 16. Jh.) ''curtem dictam Runhoff in parochia On'' (...) ''in parrochia On'' (...) ''domum des Doven in parochia Oen'' (...) ''curtem dictam Ruvenhoff, Cortehus in parochia On'' (...) ''in parochia Oen'' (Bruns, LB Steinfurt Nr. K53 S. 58) 1367 ''in parrochia, in qua et legione dictis Oen'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ohne'') (572), [[Quendorf]] (548), [[Samern]] (745) atque [[Schüttorf]] (12.510, oppidum et sedes administrationis) constat.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Schüttorf|Schüttorf}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217125012/http://www.schuettorf.de/ Pagina communis generalis Schüttorf (Theodisce)]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schuettorf}}
[[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1970]]</text>
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    <title>Circulus Terrae Emesensis</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|Urbe [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]]

'''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est e pristinis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; est.

== Historia ==
Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] &quot;Area occupationis Polonica&quot; administrata est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae)
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260)
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255)
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lingen''), magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] (52.503)
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504)
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (34.549)
* [[Papenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Papenburg''), urbs (35.981)
* [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175)
* [[Salzbergen]] (7535)
* [[Twist]] (9499)

* [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304)
** [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879)
** [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597)
** [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000)
** [[Masingi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Messingen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2258/WOB%2011%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Kreises%20Paderborn.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''WOB 11 Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Paderborn''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''silva Masingorum'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Messingen'') (1058)
** Thuine (1770)

* [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050)
** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097)
** [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248)
** [[Lahda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705)

* [[Lengirichi (commune generale)|Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''AltdeutschesNamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 2) Lengerich an der Wallage, Kr. Lingen (...) Lengirichi Osnabr. Ukb. ca. a. 1000. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke'') commune generale (9093)
** [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359)
** [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209)
** [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841)
** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451)
** [[Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke''), sedes administrationis (2658)
** [[Wettrup]] (575)

* [[Lethi (commune generale)|Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'') commune generale (11.237)
** [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909)
** [[Langa Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niederlangen''; [[[Saxonice]] ''Nederlangen'') (1208)
** [[Langa Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ober&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;superior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr. Cf. [[Austria Superior|Austriam Superiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oberlangen'') (951)
** [[Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen''), sedes administrationis (6159)
** [[Renkenberge]] (715)
** [[Sustrum]] (1295)

* [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005)
** [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987)
** [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788)
** [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179)
** [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806)
** [[Surwold]] (4245)

* [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997)
** [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127)
** [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656)
** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747)
** [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519)
** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335)
** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511)
** [[Stavern]] (1066)
** [[Werpeloh]] (1036)

* [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018)
** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877)
** [[Schapen]] (2327)
** [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814)

* [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140)
** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587)
** [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466)
** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419)
** [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'') (999)
** [[Nova Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Neulehe'') (762)
** [[Novum Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neubörger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Naiboorger'') (1544)
** [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983)
** [[Walchum]] (1457)
** [[Wippingen]] (923)

* [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749)
** [[Ladorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Abels 1929&quot;&gt;Abels, H. (1929). ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes, in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. [[Paderbronna]]e: Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lorup''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loorp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loorpe'') (3184)
** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma &quot;Lahna&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897)
** [[Rastdorf]] (1015)
** [[Vrees]] (1695)
** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}}
* [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Hoeltingmuehle_Meppen.jpg|thumb|left|Urbe [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; flumina [[Amisia]] et [[Hasa]] confluunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in EL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Terrae Emesensis.]]

'''Circulus Terrae Emesensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Terrae Altenburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Emsland'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum &quot;terra-ae&quot; Theodiscum lexema ''-land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Emesensis-e&quot; ad flumen [[Amisia|Emesam]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Emsland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Oamselound''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est e pristinis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae. Caput circuli urbs [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; est.

== Historia ==
Terra Emesensis a medioaevo ad annum [[1802]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|Principatum episcopalem Monasterii]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1806]] Terra Emesensis ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit, ab anno [[1810]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]]. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo Terra Emesensis ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circuli Aschendorfensis, Humlingensis, Meppea et Linga conditi sunt. Anno [[1932]] circuli Aschendorfensis et Humlingensis coniuncti sunt. Tempore dictaturae [[NSDAP|Nazistarum]] in Terra Emesensi multa castra carceralia condita sunt. Post [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum]] [[Nederlandia]] agrum circuli reparationis causa postulavit neque tamen multum adipisci potuit&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44435312.html Der Spiegel die 1 Ianuarii 1949]&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars Terrae Emesensis etiam a captivis liberatis Polonicis ad annum [[1948]] &quot;Area occupationis Polonica&quot; administrata est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/1945-als-das-emsland-polnisch-war.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=155820 deutschlandradiokultur.de die 24 Iunii 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1977]] circulus Terrae Emesensis conditus est ex antiquis circulis Aschendorfensi-Humlingensi, Meppea atque partibus circuli Lingae.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt 60 communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Emsbura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Emsbüren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Büren'') (9903 incolae)
* [[Geesta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Geeste''; [[Saxonice]] ''Choeiste'') (11.260)
* [[Harna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haren''), urbs (23.255)
* [[Linga (Amisia)|Linga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lingen''), magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] (52.503)
* [[Lunne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunne&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/haseluenne/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''civibus opidi nostri in Lunne'' (...)&quot;. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Haselunnensis-e&quot; est. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haselünne''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne''), urbs (12.504)
* [[Meppea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] (34.549)
* [[Papenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Papenburg''), urbs (35.981)
* [[Rhede (Amisia)|Rhede]] (4175)
* [[Salzbergen]] (7535)
* [[Twist]] (9499)

* [[Frera (commune generale)|Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren'') commune generale (10.304)
** [[Andervenia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'') (879)
** [[Bestena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellinghaus 1923&quot;&gt;Jellinghaus, H. (1923). ''Die westfälischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Bestandteilen''' (III ed.). Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beesten'') (1597)
** [[Frera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Freren''), urbs et sedes administrationis (5000)
** [[Masingi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Messingen&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2258/WOB%2011%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Kreises%20Paderborn.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''WOB 11 Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Paderborn''] {{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''silva Masingorum'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Messingen'') (1058)
** Thuine (1770)

* [[Herzlaka (commune generale)|Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke'') commune generale (10.050)
** [[Dohra (Terra Emesensis)|Dohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dohren '') (1097)
** [[Herzlaka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Herzlake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hässelke''), sedes administrationis (4248)
** [[Lahda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lähden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Löhn'') (4705)

* [[Lengirichi (commune generale)|Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''AltdeutschesNamenbuch''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 2) Lengerich an der Wallage, Kr. Lingen (...) Lengirichi Osnabr. Ukb. ca. a. 1000. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke'') commune generale (9093)
** [[Bawinkelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bawinkel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bowinkel'') (2359)
** [[Gersta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gersten'') (1209)
** [[Hantharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Handrup'') (841)
** [[Langa (Circulus Terrae Emesensis)|Langa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Langen'') (1451)
** [[Lengirichi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lengirichi&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lengerich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lengerke''), sedes administrationis (2658)
** [[Wettrup]] (575)

* [[Lethi (commune generale)|Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/lathen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Kkirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Urkundlich ist der Ort im Emsland erstmals als ''Lethi'' im Urbar der Abtei Werden erwähnt; der Eintrag lässt sich auf das 10. Jh. datieren (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen'') commune generale (11.237)
** [[Fresenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fresenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fräsenborg'') (909)
** [[Langa Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nieder&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Nieder-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;inferior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr., cf. [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Niederlangen''; [[[Saxonice]] ''Nederlangen'') (1208)
** [[Langa Superior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ober&quot;&gt;Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;superior-ius&quot; vertitur. V.gr. Cf. [[Austria Superior|Austriam Superiorem]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Oberlangen'') (951)
** [[Lethi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lethi&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lathen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laothen''), sedes administrationis (6159)
** [[Renkenberge]] (715)
** [[Sustrum]] (1295)

* [[Nordhummlinga (commune generale)|Nordhummlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nordhümmling'') commune generale (12.005)
** [[Bochorstia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Erhard 1851&quot;&gt;Erhard, H. A. (Ed.) (1851). ''Regesta Historiae Westfaliae: Accedit Codex Diplomaticus/Regesten der Geschichte Westfalens''. Regensberg.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bockhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukhast'')(987)
** [[Breddenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Breddenberg'') (788)
** [[Esterwega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Esterwegen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Äästerweede''), sedes administrationis (5179)
** [[Palus Hilcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hilkenbrook&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Hilkenbrook'', quamquam hodiernum est, syntagmate ''Palus Hilcae'' Latine verti potest. Nomen Germanicum ''Hilcke'', variatio nominis Theodisci ''Hilken-'', apud Stark ad formam Latinam &quot;Hilca-ae&quot; refertur, quae saeculo XII testata est (''Monumenta Garsensia'', n. 37; ''Monumenta Boica'' I, 27): Stark, F. (1866), ''Die Kosenamen der Germanen'', p. 318. Brook, i. e. bruoh «Sumpf, sumpfiges Gelände», Latine &quot;palus, paludis&quot; reddi potest. Itaque, anthroponomycum praefixum ''Hilken-'' ad nomen ''Hilca'' relatum et suffixum ''brook'' per vocabulum &quot;palus, paludis&quot; redditum, ''Hilkenbrook'' interpretari licet &quot;Palus Hilcae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilkenbrook'') (806)
** [[Surwold]] (4245)

* [[Sögel (commune generale)|Sögel]] commune generale (15.997)
** [[Bernsium Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernsium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://emslaendische-landschaft.de/images/AFEL/Publikationen/Zeitschriften/Band_22/Heft_109_Mai_2011.pdf?utm ''''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Berßen, Groß oder Klein''' (...) Bernsium (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Klein Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lütke Bässen'') (1127)
** [[Bersinium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaemling 1987&quot;&gt;Kaemling, ''Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens'' (1987).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Berßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groten Bässen'') (656)
** [[Burgium (Saxonia Inferior)|Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;&gt;Remling, L. (2026). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Emsland''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch (NOB) (Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Börger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Borger'') (2747)
** [[Huvenni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Huvenni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://dokumen.pub/suffixbildungen-in-alten-ortsnamen-akten-eines-internationalen-symposiums-in-uppsala-14-16-mai-2004-9185352578.html?utm ''Suffixbildungen in alten Ortsnamen: Akten eines internationalen Symposiums in Uppsala 14.-16. Mai 2004 9185352578''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hüven (Kr. Emsland), 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) in Huvenni (Möller 1998 S. 101, Udolph 2002a S. 238) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hüven'') (519)
** [[Sögel]], sedes administrationis (7335)
** [[Spahnharrenstätte]] (1511)
** [[Stavern]] (1066)
** [[Werpeloh]] (1036)

* [[Spella (commune generale)|Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.emsland.com/la/tour/emsland-route-395-km?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''www.esland.com''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) A Spella ad Rhenum: circiter XVI km (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle'') commune generale (13.018)
** [[Lunni (commune generali Spella)|Lunni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lunni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/AltdeutschesNamenbuch-Bd2OrtsnamenLbisZ-3A-1913.pdf?utm ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch'']; ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Lunni.''' 9. 1) Altlünne bei Plantlünne (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lünne'') (1877)
** [[Schapen]] (2327)
** [[Spella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Spella&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Spelle''), sedes administrationis (8814)

* [[Thorpum (commune generale)|Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-06-2016/AAAKoeblerGerhardDorfinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20160831-7111.htm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Dörpen''', 9. Jh., bei Aschendorf nördlich Meppens, F2-1090 THURP (Dorf) Dorfa (7), Thorpum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen'') commune generale (16.140)
** [[Clusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Clusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kluse&quot;&gt;Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' derivatur a Medio-Latino vocabulo &quot;clūsa&quot;, &quot;angustum montium aditum, locum clausum&quot; significante, quae ad Latinum verbum &quot;claudere&quot; refertur; cf. Kluge, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache'', s.v. ''Klause'', ubi Mediaevali Theodisco vocabulo ''klûse'', Antiquo Theodisco vocabulo ''chlûsa'' ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clausa, clusa&quot; deducitur, et Lühr, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen'', V, s.v. ''klûsa'', ubi Antiquum Theodiscum vocabulum ''klûsa'', ''Einfriedung, Engpass'' significans, ex [[Latinitas medii aevi|Mediaevali Latino vocabulo]] &quot;clūsa&quot; explicatur. Inde Theodiscum Saxonicumque toponymum ''Kluse'' ortum est.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Kluse'') (1587)
** [[Dersum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dersum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Derßm'') (1466)
** [[Heeda (Terra Emesensis)|Heeda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Häie'') (2419)
** [[Leha (Terrae Emesensis)|Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lehe''; [[Saxonice]] ''Läie'') (999)
** [[Nova Leha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Neulehe'') (762)
** [[Novum Burgium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Remling VII 2026&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neubörger''; [[Saxonice]] ''Naiboorger'') (1544)
** [[Thorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thorpum&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dörpen''), sedes administrationis (4983)
** [[Walchum]] (1457)
** [[Wippingen]] (923)

* [[Werlte]] commune generale (16.749)
** [[Ladorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Abels 1929&quot;&gt;Abels, H. (1929). ''Die Ortsnamen des Emslandes, in ihrer sprachlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Bedeutung''. [[Paderbronna]]e: Ferdinand Schöningh.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lorup''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loorp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loorpe'') (3184)
** [[Lahna (Saxonia Inferior)|Lahna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Lahn'' forma &quot;Lahna&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam]] et [[Laugana|Lahnam]] apud [http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome: in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament,'' March 27, 1851].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lahn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lohn'') (897)
** [[Rastdorf]] (1015)
** [[Vrees]] (1695)
** [[Werlte]], sedes administrationis (9958), sed etiam oppidum in anno domini 2017 est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Emsland|circulum Terrae Emesensis}}
* [http://www.emsland.de Pagina officialis circuli]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binethensis comitatus circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
      <sha1>oexam8alebwyvo68g1vn9guhc6w4ozj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quenethorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>255215</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996128</id>
      <parentid>3725258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:28:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Quendorf]] ad [[Quenethorpe]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3725258</origin>
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      <text bytes="1845" sha1="becf7j9shdunqpgqdk6zurdwj6c8rs4" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Quendorf''' est commune in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm atque pars [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Quendorf est praeterea pars communis generalis [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]].

== Historia ==
Quendorf vicus nomine ''Quenethorpe'' anno [[1197]] primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=U4pTAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA169&amp;lpg=PA169&amp;dq=quenethorpe&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4vn_SvEHH0&amp;sig=a4Wzau2QNrEVW2ZN2n883tfFLfs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=quenethorpe&amp;f=false Münsterische Urkundensammlung, Vol 4, p. 169]&lt;/ref&gt;. Regio usque ad annum [[1753]] ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes eam cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] regio ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat et ad quem Quendorf ad hunc diem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] Quendorf cum aliis communibus se ad commune generale [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]] coniunxit. Magister civium Hermannus Rademaker est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165349/http://schuettorf.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=55 www.schuettorf.de www.schuettorf.de - Pagina communis generalis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>becf7j9shdunqpgqdk6zurdwj6c8rs4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996130</id>
      <parentid>3996128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:35:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2879" sha1="0hhncvszag3wi1m0nwz4v2tfy6pkxrl" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Quenethorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''1197 Euerhardus de Quenethorpe'' (WUB II Cod. Nr. 564 S. 250) 1209 ''Everhardus de Quenethorp'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1248 ''Everhardo de Quenedorp'' (Osnabrücker UB II Nr. 525 S. 414) 1271 ''Everhadus de Quendhorpe'' (Osnabrücker UB III Nr. 443 S. 303) 1272 ''Everhardo de Quenthorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 926 S. 481) 1277 ''Everardo de Quedendorp'' (Oorkondenboek Utrecht IV Nr. 1940 S. 180) 1298 ''Frederico et Gerhardo fratribus de Quendorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 1600 S. 834) 1305 (A. 1492-1500) ''famulos de Quendorpe'' (Wilkens, Geschichte Nr. 11 S. 51) 1306 ''dicti de Quendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Quenethorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quenedorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quendhorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quenthorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quendorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; est commune in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm atque pars [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Quenethorpe est praeterea pars communis generalis [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]].

== Historia ==
Quenethorpe anno [[1197]] primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=U4pTAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA169&amp;lpg=PA169&amp;dq=quenethorpe&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4vn_SvEHH0&amp;sig=a4Wzau2QNrEVW2ZN2n883tfFLfs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=quenethorpe&amp;f=false Münsterische Urkundensammlung, Vol 4, p. 169]&lt;/ref&gt;. Regio usque ad annum [[1753]] ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes eam cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] regio ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo, pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat et ad quem Quenethorpe ad hunc diem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] Quenethorpe cum aliis communibus se ad commune generale [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]] coniunxit. Magister civium Hermannus Rademaker est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Quendorf|Quenethorpe}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165349/http://schuettorf.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=55 www.schuettorf.de www.schuettorf.de - Pagina communis generalis]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
      <sha1>0hhncvszag3wi1m0nwz4v2tfy6pkxrl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996131</id>
      <parentid>3996130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:36:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2935" sha1="g398myg4ve56338y7mtggqo2seh407e" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Quenethorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''1197 Euerhardus de Quenethorpe'' (WUB II Cod. Nr. 564 S. 250) 1209 ''Everhardus de Quenethorp'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1248 ''Everhardo de Quenedorp'' (Osnabrücker UB II Nr. 525 S. 414) 1271 ''Everhadus de Quendhorpe'' (Osnabrücker UB III Nr. 443 S. 303) 1272 ''Everhardo de Quenthorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 926 S. 481) 1277 ''Everardo de Quedendorp'' (Oorkondenboek Utrecht IV Nr. 1940 S. 180) 1298 ''Frederico et Gerhardo fratribus de Quendorpe'' (WUB III Nr. 1600 S. 834) 1305 (A. 1492-1500) ''famulos de Quendorpe'' (Wilkens, Geschichte Nr. 11 S. 51) 1306 ''dicti de Quendorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Quenethorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quenedorp'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quendhorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quenthorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Quendorpe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Quenethorpe&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Quendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quendrup'') est commune in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e situm atque pars [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi|Circuli in Comitatu Binethensis]]. Quenethorpe est praeterea pars communis generalis [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]].

== Historia ==
Quenethorpe anno [[1197]] primo in actis descriptum est&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.de/books?id=U4pTAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA169&amp;lpg=PA169&amp;dq=quenethorpe&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4vn_SvEHH0&amp;sig=a4Wzau2QNrEVW2ZN2n883tfFLfs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=quenethorpe&amp;f=false Münsterische Urkundensammlung, Vol 4, p. 169]&lt;/ref&gt;. Regio usque ad annum [[1753]] ad comitatum Binethensem pertinuit, cum Friedericus Carolus comes eam cum toto comitatu [[Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Luneburgensis|Electori Hannoverae]] pigno dedit. Ab anno [[1806]] regio ad [[Magnus Ducatus Montensis|Magnum Ducatum Montensem]] pertinuit. [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleone]] imperatore victo, pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] fuit. Regnum Hannoveranum autem anno [[1866]] a [[Borussia]] occupatum est. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, cuius caput tum [[Aquae Benthemiae|Benthemia]] erat et ad quem Quenethorpe ad hunc diem pertinet. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Anno [[1974]] Quenethorpe cum aliis communibus se ad commune generale [[Schüttorf (commune generale)|Schüttorf]] coniunxit. Magister civium Hermannus Rademaker est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Quendorf|Quenethorpe}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165349/http://schuettorf.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=55 www.schuettorf.de www.schuettorf.de - Pagina communis generalis]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Torna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>255364</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996175</id>
      <parentid>3852338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:31:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
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      <origin>3996175</origin>
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      <text bytes="1738" sha1="9djt42835ul9lef44ur5oqu3nuqzw44" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Torna (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa fluminis
	| 1 = Torna
	| 2 = [[Fasciculus:Fritidsfikse i Tornealv Lappland Sverige.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Torna in [[Lapponia]]]]
	| 3 = 565
	| 4 =
	| 5 = 380
	| 6 = 40 200
	| 7 = ''Torneträsk'' lacus
	| 8 = [[Sinus Bothnicus]]
	| 9 = [[Botnia Septentrionalis]] ([[Suecia]]),&lt;br&gt;[[Lapponia (Finnia)|Lapponia]] ([[Finnia]])
}}

{{Res|Torna}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=503 1972, vol. III, p. 501].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Torne älv'', [[Finnice]] ''Tornionjoki'', [[Lingua Torniensis]] ''Väylä'', [[Lingua Samica septentrionalis|Samice Septentrionalis]] ''Duortneseatnu'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]] et [[Finnia]]e borealis, quod in regione [[Botnia septentrionalis|Botniae septentrionalis]] et [[Lapponia|Lapponiae]] situm est.

Flumen longitudine circiter 565 chiliometrorum est, quod per magnas planitias septentrionales Sueciae decurrit, inter lacum ''Torneträsk'' prope fines [[Norvegia|Norvegiae]] ortum habet, deinde in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] effunditur. Torna notum est quod prope dimidiam longitudinem suam confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam definit. 

Maximus accola fluminis Tornae est ''Muonio'', cuius confluens confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam efficit. Prope urbem ''Junosuando'' [[bifurcationem]] facit; pars aquae per ''Tärendö'' ramum in ''Kalix'' flumen defluit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Torne River|Tornam}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Flumina Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
      <sha1>9djt42835ul9lef44ur5oqu3nuqzw44</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996176</id>
      <parentid>3996175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1738" sha1="idmlyjma32mu2hrl51mr3n9rlucojwe" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Torna (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa fluminis
	| 1 = Torna
	| 2 = [[Fasciculus:Fritidsfikse i Tornealv Lappland Sverige.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Torna in [[Lapponia]]]]
	| 3 = 565
	| 4 =
	| 5 = 380
	| 6 = 40 200
	| 7 = ''Torneträsk'' lacus
	| 8 = [[Sinus Bothnicus]]
	| 9 = [[Botnia septentrionalis]] ([[Suecia]]),&lt;br&gt;[[Lapponia (Finnia)|Lapponia]] ([[Finnia]])
}}

{{Res|Torna}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=503 1972, vol. III, p. 501].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Torne älv'', [[Finnice]] ''Tornionjoki'', [[Lingua Torniensis]] ''Väylä'', [[Lingua Samica septentrionalis|Samice Septentrionalis]] ''Duortneseatnu'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]] et [[Finnia]]e borealis, quod in regione [[Botnia septentrionalis|Botniae septentrionalis]] et [[Lapponia|Lapponiae]] situm est.

Flumen longitudine circiter 565 chiliometrorum est, quod per magnas planitias septentrionales Sueciae decurrit, inter lacum ''Torneträsk'' prope fines [[Norvegia|Norvegiae]] ortum habet, deinde in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] effunditur. Torna notum est quod prope dimidiam longitudinem suam confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam definit. 

Maximus accola fluminis Tornae est ''Muonio'', cuius confluens confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam efficit. Prope urbem ''Junosuando'' [[bifurcationem]] facit; pars aquae per ''Tärendö'' ramum in ''Kalix'' flumen defluit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Torne River|Tornam}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Flumina Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
      <sha1>idmlyjma32mu2hrl51mr3n9rlucojwe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996179</id>
      <parentid>3996176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1738" sha1="al9nqv4c2ojqdq4y470l1w45ldul4jz" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Torna (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa fluminis
	| 1 = Torna
	| 2 = [[Fasciculus:Fritidsfikse i Tornealv Lappland Sverige.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Torna in [[Lapponia]]]]
	| 3 = 565
	| 4 =
	| 5 = 380
	| 6 = 40 200
	| 7 = ''Torneträsk'' lacus
	| 8 = [[Sinus Bothnicus]]
	| 9 = [[Botnia septentrionalis]] ([[Suecia]]),&lt;br&gt;[[Lapponia (Finnia)|Lapponia]] ([[Finnia]])
}}

{{Res|Torna}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=503 1972, vol. III, p. 501].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Torne älv'', [[Finnice]] ''Tornionjoki'', [[Lingua Torniensis]] ''Väylä'', [[Lingua Samica septentrionalis|Samice Septentrionalis]] ''Duortneseatnu'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]] et [[Finnia]]e borealis, quod in regione [[Botnia septentrionalis|Botniae septentrionalis]] et [[Lapponia|Lapponiae]] situm est.

Flumen longitudine circiter 565 chiliometrorum est, quod per magnas planitias septentrionales Sueciae decurrit, inter lacum ''Torneträsk'' prope fines [[Norvegia|Norvegiae]] ortum habet, deinde in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] effunditur. Torna notum est quod prope dimidiam longitudinem suam confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam definit. 

Maximus accola fluminis Tornae est ''Muonio'', cuius confluens confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam efficit. Prope urbem ''Junosuando'' [[bifurcatio]]nem facit; pars aquae per ''Tärendö'' ramum in ''Kalix'' flumen defluit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Torne River|Tornam}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Flumina Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
      <sha1>al9nqv4c2ojqdq4y470l1w45ldul4jz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996182</id>
      <parentid>3996179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:37:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Bifurcationes]]</comment>
      <origin>3996182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1766" sha1="o880wky7n52xjrtjsd8h1ftfmz0g5ws" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Torna (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa fluminis
	| 1 = Torna
	| 2 = [[Fasciculus:Fritidsfikse i Tornealv Lappland Sverige.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Torna in [[Lapponia]]]]
	| 3 = 565
	| 4 =
	| 5 = 380
	| 6 = 40 200
	| 7 = ''Torneträsk'' lacus
	| 8 = [[Sinus Bothnicus]]
	| 9 = [[Botnia septentrionalis]] ([[Suecia]]),&lt;br&gt;[[Lapponia (Finnia)|Lapponia]] ([[Finnia]])
}}

{{Res|Torna}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=503 1972, vol. III, p. 501].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Torne älv'', [[Finnice]] ''Tornionjoki'', [[Lingua Torniensis]] ''Väylä'', [[Lingua Samica septentrionalis|Samice Septentrionalis]] ''Duortneseatnu'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]] et [[Finnia]]e borealis, quod in regione [[Botnia septentrionalis|Botniae septentrionalis]] et [[Lapponia|Lapponiae]] situm est.

Flumen longitudine circiter 565 chiliometrorum est, quod per magnas planitias septentrionales Sueciae decurrit, inter lacum ''Torneträsk'' prope fines [[Norvegia|Norvegiae]] ortum habet, deinde in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] effunditur. Torna notum est quod prope dimidiam longitudinem suam confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam definit. 

Maximus accola fluminis Tornae est ''Muonio'', cuius confluens confinium inter Sueciam et Finniam efficit. Prope urbem ''Junosuando'' [[bifurcatio]]nem facit; pars aquae per ''Tärendö'' ramum in ''Kalix'' flumen defluit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Torne River|Tornam}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Flumina Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]
[[Categoria:Bifurcationes]]</text>
      <sha1>o880wky7n52xjrtjsd8h1ftfmz0g5ws</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Upsaliae Comitatus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>260739</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996158</id>
      <parentid>3868795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:42:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Geographia */</comment>
      <origin>3996158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3808" sha1="24afiucw9giqjgz0p4p2mx05da6qcxo" xml:space="preserve">{{capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Upsaliae Comitatus''' ([[Lingua Suecica|Suecice]]: ''Uppsala län'') est [[provincia]] administrativa [[Suecia|Regni Sueciae]], cum circiter 400 000 incolis (anno 2022)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/folkmangd-och-befolkningsforandringar---helarsstatistik/folkmangd-i-riket-lan-och-kommuner-31-december-2022-och-befolkningsforandringar-2022/&lt;/ref&gt;. Urbs maxima et caput provinciae est [[Upsalia]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ekonomifakta.se/regional-statistik/ditt-lan-i-siffror/uppsala/&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Encopia]] est secundum oppidum maximum provinciae. Provincia in media Suecia sita atque ad oram [[Mare Balticum|Maris Baltici]] posita, historice pars regionis [[Uplandia|Uplandiae]] fuit.

== Historia ==
[[File:Uppsala_slott_as_seen_from_the_botanical_garden.jpg|thumb|alt=Arx Upsaliensis (Suecice Uppsala slott), sedes praefecti regionis administrativa provinciae Upsaliae (Suecice: landshövding), visa ex Horto Botanico.|Arx Upsaliensis (Suecice: Uppsala slott), sedes praefecti provinciae Upsaliae (Suecice: landshövding), visa ex Horto Botanico.]]
Provincia Upsalia anno 1641 ex antiqua provincia [[Uplandia|Uplandiae]] condita est, cum Suecia regnum suum in provincias administrativas divisit. Prima autem provincia moderna, sub nomine ''Upplands län'', iam in Instrumento Regiminis anno 1634 creata est&lt;ref&gt;https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/Regeringsform_1634#23&lt;/ref&gt;, quae fundamentum gubernationis regionalis hodiernae posuit. Haec mutatio partem amplioris reformationis regni Sueciae repraesentabat, quae divisionem regionalem ad gubernationem modernam accommodavit.

==Geographia==
[[File:Wiks slott Uppland.jpg|thumb|alt=Castellum Vicensis (Suecice: Wiks slott), castellum vetus mediaevale apud lacum Melorum situm cum regione circumiecta typica provinciae Upsaliae.|Castellum Vicensis (Suecice: Wiks slott), castellum mediaevale apud lacum Melorum, typicum regionis provinciae Upsaliae.]]
Provincia Upsalia in Suecia media sita est. Area totalis provinciae, ab anno 2007 cum [[Hebium (commune)|communi Hebiensi]] (Suecice: ''Heby kommun'') adiecta est, circiter 8 200 chiliometra quadrata complectitur&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ekonomifakta.se/regional-statistik/ditt-lan-i-siffror/uppsala/&lt;/ref&gt;. Ad orientem, provincia ad oram [[Mare Balticum|Maris Baltici]] pervenit, ubi litorales planae atque insulae minores reperiuntur. In parte occidentali provinciae, terra altior fit, et hic campi ac silvae boreales dominari solent.

Flumina multa per provinciam fluunt et lacus multi hic sunt; praecipua flumina sunt [[flumen Fyris]] (Suecice: ''Fyrisån''), quod per urbem [[Upsalia|Upsaliam]] transit, et fluvius [[Dalecarlius]] (Suecice: ''Dalälven''), qui septentrionem provinciae tangit. Lacus notabiles includunt [[Lacus Melorus|lacum Melorum]] (Suecice: ''Mälaren'') in parte meridionali provinciae et [[lacus Temnorus|lacum Temnorum]] (Suecice: ''Tämnaren'') in parte septentrionali.

Clima provinciae est temperatum continentale, cum hiemibus frigidis et aestatibus mitibus&lt;ref&gt;https://www.klart.se/se/uppsala-l%C3%A4n/v%C3%A4der-uppsala/klimat/&lt;/ref&gt;. Silvae coniferae, quae maiorem partem provinciae tegunt, signum peculiare huius regionis sunt. Praeterea, terra ad agriculturam utilis in planis occidentalibus et meridionalibus invenitur, ubi aratio et cultura frugum late exercentur. Circa 22% totius areae provinciae ad usum agriculturae destinatur&lt;ref&gt;https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/sverige-i-siffror/miljo/marken-i-sverige/&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Uppsala County|Upsaliae Comitatum}}
{{fontes geographici}}
* [http://www.c.lst.se/ Situs officialis] {{ling|Suecice}}


{{provinciae hodiernae Suecicae}}

[[Categoria:Provinciae Sueciae]]</text>
      <sha1>24afiucw9giqjgz0p4p2mx05da6qcxo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Absyrtus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>265971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996073</id>
      <parentid>3659243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T18:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996073</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1227" sha1="3o3oifmxqcso1w0ws1iicqghct70x81" xml:space="preserve">'''Absyrtus''' (vel '''Apsyrtus''', graece Ἄψυρτος vel Ἄξυρτος) persona ficiticia, regis Colchorum [[Aeëtes|Aeëtis]] filius, alias Aegialeus dictus, quem soror [[Medea]] cum [[Iason]]e fugiens discerpsit ut membra disjecta colligens pater impediretur quo minus eam a fuga retrahere posset, unde locus ''tomos&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sed vetus huic nomen positaque antiquius urbe / Constat ab Absyrti cæde fuisse loco&quot; Ovidius, Tristium lib. III, 9, 5-6 &lt;/ref&gt;'' (i. e. incisio) dictus est. Fabula antiquior Medeam fratrem antequam Colchidem cum  Iasone relinqueret  occidisse narrabat&lt;ref&gt;Euripides, ''[[Medea (Euripides)|Medea]]'', 1334-5.&lt;/ref&gt;. Corpus discerptum et in variis locis disseminatum   a poetis postea additum est&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|de Imperio Cn. Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes == 
* M. C. Howatson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature, Londini, sumptibus Oxford University Press, 1989, 2a ed., 640 pp. (ISBN 978-0198661214)
{{NexInt}}
* [[Medea]]
== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2009_num_181_1_1293 De etymologia Tomorum apud Ovidium] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
{{Lexicon Universale}}

[[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]]</text>
      <sha1>3o3oifmxqcso1w0ws1iicqghct70x81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus terrae Diepholtia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>267096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996145</id>
      <parentid>3989997</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T03:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14469" sha1="7s9xv4vw7xda7o2lsadv681cvogc8kn" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DH.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Diepholtia.]]
'''Circulus terrae Diepholtia'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Diepholz''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Deefholt''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est et circulis pristinis comitatibus Diepholtia&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; et Hoya.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Imperii Francici]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1977]] circulus conditus est (vide supra).

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt:

* [[Birsina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bassum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bassen''), [[urbs]] (15.768 incolae)
* [[Diepholtia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmannus&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt''), urbs et caput circuli (16.692)
* [[Stuhr]] (33.083)
* [[Sulingen]], oppidum (12.681)
* [[Syke]], oppidum (24.018)
* [[Twistringen]], oppidum (12.219)
* [[Wagenfeld]] (7102)
* [[Weyhe]] (30.388)

* [[Barnstorfium (commune generale)|Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (12.016)
** [[Barnstorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 2007&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (2007). ''Regesta Imperii III: Salisches Haus 1024–1125. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV'' (T. Struve, Ed.). Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barnstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnstrup'') (sedes administrationis, 6292)
** [[Drentweda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drentwede'') (994)
** [[Eydelstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stadt&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-stadt'' et ''-stedt'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stadium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Arnstadium]], [[Bernstadium]], [[Berolstadium]], [[Carolostadium]], [[Hermannostadium]], [[Darmstadium]], [[Freistadium]], [[Eisenstadium]], [[Fraustadium]], [[Harpstadium]], [[Helmstadium]], [[Altstadium]], [[Auerstadium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eydelstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eidelstee'') (1759)
** [[Triburi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Drebber'') (2971)

* [[Brochusium-Vilsena (commune generale)|Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (16.971)
** [[Asenthorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch:'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'') (2919)
** [[Brochusium-Vilsena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bruchhausen-Vilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Brooksen-Vilsen'') (sedes administrationis et oppidum, 8837)
** [[Merdvelde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Merdvelde&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/martfeld/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1318 ''Curtem in Merdvelde'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Martfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mattfeld'') (2681)
** Schwarme (2534)

* [[Kirchdorfium (commune generale)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (7444)
** [[Asylum (Saxonia Inferior)|Asylum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Asylum&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen ''Freistatt'', quod ''Freistätte, Zufluchtsort, Asyl'' significat, Latine &quot;asylum&quot; reddi potest. Nam in ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' de Weigand et Hirt vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' explicatur ut «Freistatt» et ipsa vox Theodisca ''Asyl'' e Latino &quot;asylum&quot; orta esse dicitur. Praeterea lexicon Germanico-Latinum, quod in traditione lexicographica Georgii continetur, directe tradit: ''Freistatt, -stätte'', &quot;asylum'&quot;. Itaque &quot;Asylum&quot; non est forma ficticia neque mera translatio nostra, sed aequivalentia lexicographice comprobata.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Freistatt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Freestatt'') (632)
** [[Barenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolb 1712&quot;&gt;Kolb, G. (1712). ''Compendium totius orbis: partim geographicum, partim historicum, partim genealogicum''. Typis Universitatis Carolo-Francisceae&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Barenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baarnborg'') (1242)
** [[Bergenborstelium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1855&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'') (1134)
** [[Kirchdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Kirchdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kirchdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Karkdörp'') (sedes administrationis, 2145)
** Varrel (1504)
** Wehrbleck (787)

* [[Rehden (commune generale)|Rehden]] (5887)
** [[Barverum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Barver'') (1049)
** [[Dicla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mooyer 1855&quot;&gt;Mooyer, E. F. (Ed.) (1855). ''Urkundenbuch des vormaligen Stiftes Minden''. J. C. C. Bruns.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dickel'') (462)
** [[Hemsloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hemsloh''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hemzel'' seu ''Hemsel'' seu ''Hemßel'') (563)
** Rehden (sedes administrationis, 2055)
** Wetschen (1758)

* [[Schwaförden (commune generale)|Schwaförden]] (6892)
** [[Affinghusia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rathlef 1766&quot;&gt;Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'') (832)
** [[Erenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Minden II 1902&quot;&gt;Minden, G. von (Ed.) (1902). ''Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe von Verden und Minden (Band 2)''. Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ehrenborg'') (1510)
** [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Birsinam)|Nova Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuenkirchen'' Latino &quot;Nova Ecclesia&quot; verti solet. Cf. [[Nova Ecclesia (Liebenburgum)|Novam Ecclesiam Liebenburgensem]] apud [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2262/NOB%20X%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Goslar.pdf?utm ''NOB X Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Goslar'']{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [[Nova Ecclesia (Rugia)|Novam Ecclesiam in Rugia]] apud Fabricii (anno 1862) ''Urkunden zur Geschichte des Fürstenthums Rügen unter den eingebornen Fürsten''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Anclamum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope [[Anclamum]] apud Eggert (anno 1970) ''Geschichte Pommerns: Vol. 1. Bis zum Westfälischen Frieden''; [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Brandenburgum Novum)|Novam Ecclesiam]] prope Brandenburgum Novum apud ''Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. 9); et Novam Ecclesiam Pomeranam apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Neenkarken'') (1163)
** Scholen (808)
** Schwaförde (sedes administrationis, 1523)
** Sudwalde (1056)

* [[Siedenburg (commune generale)|Siedenburg]] (4604)
** [[Borstla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hodenberg 1842&quot;&gt;Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1842). ''Diepholzer Urkundenbuch: Authentische Urkunden zur Geschichte der Grafschaft Diepholz''. [[Hannovera]]e: Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Borstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bössel'') (1249)
** [[Maasa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Maasen'') (469)
** [[Mellinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Mellinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mellgenhusen'') (1075)
** Siedenburg (sedes administrationis, 1278)

* [[Vetus Officium Lemfordense (commune generale)|Vetus Officium Lemfordense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vetus Officium Lemfordense&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/alt?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum ''Altes'' Latino &quot;vetus veteris&quot;], [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Amt?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum substantivum ''Amt'' Latino &quot;officium-ii&quot; vertitur] et Latinum gentilicium &quot;Lemfordensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Leonis Forda]]m refertur, Theodiscum toponymum ''Lemförde'' vertitur. Quo de Latino gentilicio, confer [[binomen]] [https://opac.geologie.ac.at/ais312/dokumente/Jukes-Browne_1912_Recognition.pdf &quot;Hoplites lemfordensis&quot;]; et quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.komoot.com/es-es/highlight/2261371 ''Iglesia Martín Lutero de Lemförde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) La comunidad fue mencionada por primera vez en un documento en 1248. En épocas anteriores, el lugar se llamaba Löwenförde, Leonis forda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Altes Amt Lemförde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oolt Amt Lemförde'') (8211)
** [[Brochema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Brockum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Broubm'' seu ''Brookm'') (1021)
** [[Huda (Circulus terrae Diepholtia)|Huda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hüde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hüde'') (1131)
** [[Lembruchium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-bruchium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-bruch'' seu ''-broich'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-bruchium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Horbruchium]] ac [[Mosbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus|indice urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]; [[Legebruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Brandenburgi|indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Grevenbruchium]] apud articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de [[Index communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae|indice communium Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lembruch''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lembrouk'') (1148)
** [[Leonis Forda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonis Forda&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.komoot.com/es-es/highlight/2261371 ''Iglesia Martín Lutero de Lemförde''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) La comunidad fue mencionada por primera vez en un documento en 1248. En épocas anteriores, el lugar se llamaba Löwenförde, Leonis forda (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Lemförde''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Lemfouer'') ([[oppidum]] et sedes administrationis, 3105)
** [[Marlare (Saxonia Inferior)|Marlare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marlare&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Marl'' forma &quot;Marlare&quot; latinizari solet. Cf. [[Marlare|Marlare Rhenaniae Septentrionalis et Vestfaliae]] apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marl'') (718)
** [[Quernhemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-hemium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-he(i)m'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-hemium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Quernheim'') (424)
** Stemshorn (664)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Diepholz|Circulum Diepholtiam}}
* [http://www.diepholz.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diepholz circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
      <sha1>7s9xv4vw7xda7o2lsadv681cvogc8kn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
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      <text bytes="12792" sha1="pm1j79fh3rygsmoymkcngwdguj1mbi7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus &quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia &quot;Neoburgensis-e&quot; et &quot;Visurgensis-e&quot; ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Nienborg/Werser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] olim pertinuit; anno autem [[1805]] cum toto electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Es anno [[1946]], circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet, et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accepit

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniunguntur:
{{div col|2}}

* [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae)
* [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154)
* [[Steyerberg]] (5262)

* [[Alisni (commune generale)|Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Liebenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau'') commune generale (5.950)
** [[Alisni (Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis)|Alisni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Liebenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Levenau''), oppidum et sedes administrationis (3688)
** [[Binnenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Binnen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Binn’n'') (1010)
** [[Pennigsehl]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Pennigsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pennigsähle'') (1252)

* [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Grafschaft Hoya''; [[Saxonice]] ''Graafschop Hoya'') commune generale (16.757)
** [[Bukina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bücken'') oppidum (2139)
** [[Eystharpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Eystrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eestrup'') (3251)
** [[Gandesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Gandesbergen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Gannsbargen'') (478)
** [[Hamelhusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hämelhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hämelhusen'') (571)
** [[Hasela (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hasela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hassel/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dort ist die ''villa Hasela'' erwähnt, also das Dorf Hassel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hassel'') (1856)
** [[Hilgermissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hilgermissen'') (2181)
** [[Hoya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hoya''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Hoya/Weser''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''de Haaien'' seu ''Hejen'' seu ''Hajen'' seu ''Heien''), urbs et sedes administrationis (3.772)
** [[Indago Comitis Hoyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Indago Comitis Hoyae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/hoyerhagen/?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''indago comitis Hoye'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hoyerhagen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Heierhagen'' seu ''Heyerhagen'') (953)
** [[Schweringen]] (800)
** [[Warpe]] (756)

* [[Heemsa (commune generale)|Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') commune generale (6.019)
** [[Arx Draconis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egger 1977&quot;&gt;Egger, C. (1977). ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum (Officium Libri Catholici)''. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Drakenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Drakenborg'') oppidum (1734)
** [[Hasburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Haßbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Haßbargen'') (1559)
** [[Heemsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heemsen'') (1706)
** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020)

* [[Markloha (commune generale)|Markloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;&gt;Germanica praesentia aut antiqua toponyma cum suffixis ''-loh(e)'' et ''-lo'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-loha-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ascloha]], [[Buohloha]], [[Eiloha]], [[Hadaloha]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marklohe'') commune generale (8.349)
** [[Balga Cortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balge'') (1752)
** [[Markloha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-loha&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Marklohe''), sedes administrationis (4432)
** [[Wietzen]] (2165)

* [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186)
** [[Linsburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Linsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Linsborg'') (922)
** [[Rodewald]] (2496)
** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466)
** [[Stöckse]] (1302)

* [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932)
** [[Diepenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-avia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-au'' seu ''-aw'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-avia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Iereslavia]], [[Iunonwladislavia]], [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], [[Lindavia]], [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], [[Namslavia]], [[Neoboleslavia]], [[Olavia]], [[Oppavia]], [[Pegavia]], [[Pillavia]], [[Premislavia]], inter alia, apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Diepenau''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Deepnau'') oppidum (3883)
** [[Raddestorf]] (1886)
** [[Uchte]] (4882)
** [[Warmsen]] (3281)

* [[Visurgis Medius (commune generale)|Visurgis Medius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mittelweser&quot;&gt;[Theodiscum praefixum &quot;Mittel-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;medius-a-um&quot;] et Theodiscum toponymicum suffixum ''-weser'' Latino hydronymo &quot;[[Visurgis|Visurgis-is]]&quot; vertitur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelweser'') commune generale (15.830)
** [[Estorpium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-torpium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-torf'' et ''-torp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-torpium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ebbestorpium]] apud Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag; [[Ermelstorpium]] apud Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli; [[Gottorpium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Estorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Esdörp'' seu ''Esdrup'') (1668)
** [[Husum (prope Novam Urbem)|Husum]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Husum''; [[Saxonice]] ''Husen'') (2338)
** [[Landesberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Landesbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landsebargen'') (2730)
** [[Lyese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyese&quot;&gt;Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783835341944_A39332036/preview-9783835341944_A39332036.pdf?utm ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Loccum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) in marchia Lyese proprietatis iure (...) in campis de Lyese trans Werram (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leese'')&lt;/small&gt; (1638)
** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456)

{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|right|300px|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi.]]
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}}
* [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Oldenburgum</title>
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      <text bytes="6864" sha1="ftepvgmm92zqh3vpeq1iumm12c32zmi" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Oldenburgum (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OL.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Oldenburgensi]]
'''Circulus Oldenburgum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Oldenburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Oldenburgum&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Oldenburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Oldenburgum]]&quot; vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Oldenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Ollnborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Ooldenbuurich''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1939]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli partim ad [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Ducatum Oldenburgensem]], partim Episcopatum Bremensem et ab anno [[1648]] ad [[Sueciam]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Tum Ducatus Oldenburgensis restitutus est. Circulus Oldenburgum anno [[1939]] conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit. Administratio circuli primo [[Oldenburgum|Oldenburgi]] fuit, ab anno autem [[1988]] [[Vildhusia]]e est.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad commune generale [[Harpstadium (commune generale)|Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; coniuncta sunt:

* [[Dotlinga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-inga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-inga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dötlingen'') (6.212 incolae)
* [[Ganderkesea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ganderkesee''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gannerseer'') commune sui iuris (30.943)
* [[Hatta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hatten'') (13.986)
* [[Hudha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hude'') (16.166)
* [[Kneta Maior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Großenkneten''; [[Saxonice]] ''Grotekneten'') (15.208)
* [[Vildhusia]], caput circuli (19.390)
* [[Wardenburg]] (15.804)
* [[Harpstadium (commune generale)|Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'') commune generale (10.899)
** [[Beckelnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Böhmer 1844&quot;&gt;Böhmer, J. F. (1844). ''Regesta Chronologico-Diplomatica Regum et Imperatorum Romanorum: Inde a Conrado I. Usque ad Henricum VII''. Typis et Sumtibus J. C. Hermann.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Beckeln'') (789)
** [[Dunsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Dünsen'') (1187)
** [[Harpstadium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Harpstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harpstäe'') oppidum (4682)
** [[Kirchseelta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchseelte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Seelte'') (1176)
** [[Novale Frigidum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meiborn III 1688&quot;&gt;Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: I. Historicos Germanicos, II. Historiam Helmstadensem, III. Dissertationes de utriusque Saxoniae''. Typis Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii; et: Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen und historische Chroniken des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg''. Typis Georgii Wolffii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Colnrade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Kollenroad'') (785)
** [[Prinzhofta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Prinzhöfte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Prinshööfd'') (691)
** [[Winkelsett]] (573)
** [[Yppenerdhe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Yppenerdhe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gross-ippener.de/gemeinde/geschichte.html?utm ''Groß Ippene''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Parrochia Yppenerdhe (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Ippener''; [[Saxonice]] ''Groot Ippner'') (1016)

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Oldenburg|Circulum Oldenburgum}}
* [http://landkreis-oldenburg/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oldenburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1939]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Osnabrugae</title>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="15661" sha1="fyuia8dxr8bmlgz7b7opfvf5d6aucwo" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|upright=1|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]]
'''Circulus Osnabrugae'''&lt;ref&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Osnabrugae&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osnabrück'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum ''LandKreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Osnabruga|Osnabruga-ae]]&quot;, vide Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Osnabrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Ossenbrügge''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Ossenbrääch''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat.

== De rebus gestis ==
Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Assena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippi &amp; Bar 1892&quot;&gt;Philippi, F., &amp; Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. &lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae)
* [[Bamwida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bohmte''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baumte'') (12.637)
* [[Belmum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1738&quot;&gt;Moser, J. J. (1738). ''Bibliotheca Iuris Publici S. R. I. Germanici: Specially regarding the territories of Westphalia and Lower Saxony''. Typis Ioannis Georgii Cottae.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Belm'') (13.581)
* [[Bissendorpum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bissendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bissendörp'') (14.370)
* [[Bramascus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bramsche''), urbs (36.013)
* [[Campus Rufus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'') (7839)
* [[Capella Orientalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Capella&quot;&gt;Theodiscum suffixum ''-cappel(n)'' Latino vocabulo &quot;capella-ae&quot; vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orientalis&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/orientalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost(er)-'' Latino adiectivo &quot;orientalis-e&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ostercappeln''; [[Saxonice]] ''Austerkappeln'') (9566)
* [[Disna (Saxonia Inferior)|Disna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Dissen am Teutoburger Wald''), urbs (9390)
* [[Glandorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-dorf&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-dorfium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Glandorf'') (6664)
* [[Haga ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein&quot; et &quot;Gross&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagen am Teutoburger Wald'') (13.475)
* [[Hasberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Hasbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hasbergen'') (10.901)
* [[Hilter ad Teutoburgiensem Saltum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Teutoburger Wald&quot;&gt;Cfr. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Taciti]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', {{Vf|Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annales)/Liber I|LX|I, 60}}: &quot;... haud procul '''Teutoburgiensi saltu''' in quo reliquiae Vari legionumque insepultae dicebantur&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hilter am Teutoburger Wald'') (10.243)
* [[Hutta Georgii et Mariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hutta-ae&quot;&gt;Toponyma cum suffixis ''-hütte'' aut ''-hutta'' plerumque latinizari solent Latino vocabulo &quot;Hutta-ae&quot;, quamquam huius vocabuli variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Hutta vitriaria Bohemica]] apud [https://schwaben.hu/ortschaften/bohmischhutten?utm Schwaben.hu. (s. d.). ''Böhmischhütten / Csehbánya – Ortsgeschichte'']; [[Hutta Germanica]] apud [https://huta.ewk.hu/nemetbanya-1757-1781/?utm ''Németbánya. (s. s.). Németbánya története'']; [[Hutta Vitriaria]] apud https://slavistika.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2015_1.pdf?utm [Majtán, M. (1998). ''Názvy obcí Slovenskej republiky: Vývin v rokoch 1773–1997''. Bratislaviae: Veda]; Hutta apud [https://real.mtak.hu/140291/1/K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1talja%20helys%C3%A9gnevei.pdf?utm ''Kárpátalja helységnevei.'']; [[Hutta Polonica]] apud Štefánik, M. (2022). ''Italia ed Europa centro-orientale tra Medioevo ed età moderna: Economia, società, cultura''. Heidelberg University Publishing; [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta Eifliae]] apud Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher, et Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Georgius&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Georgius?utm Theodiscum praefixum ''Georg-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Georfii&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maria&quot;&gt;[https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maria?utm Theodiscum interfixum ''-marien-'' Latino anthroponymo casu genetivo &quot;Mariae&quot; vertitur].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Georgsmarienhütte''), commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (31.520)
* [[Iburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Schaten 1714&quot;&gt;Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548)
* [[Laerium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stüve 1789&quot;&gt;Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'') (9268)
* [[Mella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.lemgo.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/Stadtarchiv/Bib_974.pdf?utm ''Album studiosorum Academiae'']. ubi &quot;(...) Henrich Carl Kahmann Mella-Osnabrugensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Melle'')&lt;/small&gt;, commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] (46.039)
* [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018)

* [[Artlandia (commune generale)|Artlandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-landia&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-landia-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artland'') commune generale (22.839)
** [[Badberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'') (4572)
** [[Menslaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Menslage''; [[Saxonice]] ''Menslaoge'') (2462)
** [[Northarpa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-tharpa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-trup'' seu ''-drup'' seu ''-trop'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-tharpa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Butilingtharpa]], [[Graftharpa]], [[Gumorodingtharpa]], [[Haringtharpa]], [[Heppingtharpa]], [[Holttharpa]], [[Hurstharpa]], [[Kathingtharpa]], [[Kiedeningtharpa]], [[Marastharpa]], [[Markiligtharpa]], [[Meinbrahtingtharpa]], [[Peingtharpa]], [[Radistharpa]], [[Sutharpa]], [[Tettingtharpa]], [[Vilomaringtharpa]], [[Winikingtharpa]], [[Varetharpa]], [[Vrilingtharpa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nortrup''; [[Saxonice]] ''Norpen'') (2960)
** [[Quakenbrugge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Quakenbrugge&quot;&gt;Vide [https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/quakenbrueck-sylvester/?utm ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''castellanis in Quakenbrugge'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Quakenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Quokenbrügge''), urbs et sedes administrationis (12.845)

* [[Bersenbrugum (commune generale)|Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;&gt;Sandhoff, J. E. (1785). ''Antistitum Osnabrugensis ecclesiae, qui per decem saecula episcopale munus in ea gesserunt, chronotaxis''. Typis Joannis Georgii Kislingii.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge'') commune generale (28.870)
** [[Alfhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.&lt;/ref&gt; (3910) ([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfhusen'')
** [[Anchemium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1705&quot;/&gt; (7314) ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')
** [[Bersenbrugum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandhoff 1785&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bersenbrück''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bessenbrügge''), urbs et sedes administrationis (8315)
** [[Eggermuhla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eggermühlen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eggermöhlen'') (1703)
** [[Gehrda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Gehrde''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gährde'') (2504)
** [[Kettencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Kettenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ketenkamp '') (1688)
** [[Rieste]] (3436)

* [[Furstenavia (commune generale)|Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau'') commune generale (15.873)
** [[Berga (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Berga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Berge'') (3518)
** [[Bippenum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt;  ([[Theodisce]] ''Bippen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bippen'') (2945)
** [[Furstenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furstenavia&quot;&gt;Theodiscum nomen proprium ''Fürstenau'' in Latinam &quot;Furstenavia&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Hofmannus}}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FURSTENAVIA Familia Germ. ''Furstenau'', ramus est Familiae Erpacensis (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Fürstenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Fösnau'' seu ''Försnau''), urbs et sedes administraionis (9410)

* [[Nyenkerken (commune generale)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NyenkerkenII&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken'') commune generale (10.162)
** [[Merzen]] (3921)
** [[Nyenkerken (Circulus Osnabrugae)|Nyenkerken]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NyenkerkenII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_bij005190401_01/_bij005190401_01_0009.php?utm ''dbnl''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Item curtis in Nyenkerken'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Neuenkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienkerken''), sedes administrationis * (4498)
** [[Voltlage]] (1743)


{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}}
* [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1885]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Circulus Theorosburgensis</title>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="14088" sha1="o8ngf7afto1qpeydas7i95x89vtn7v3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]]
'''Circulus Theorosburgensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Schaumburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Schaumburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Schaumborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est.

== De rebus gestis ==
Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}},&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt; urbs (19.182)
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814)
* [[Obernkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Obernkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öwernkerken''), urbs (9196)
* [[Rinteln]] (25.187)
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')  (6315 incolae)

* [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715)
** [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'') (1045)
** [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'') (724)
** [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480)
** [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'') (1385)
** [[Luhda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Luhden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Liuen'') (1081)

* [[Lindhorstium (commune generale)|Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste'') commune generale (7796)
** [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'') (1442)
** [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'') (938)
** [[Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste''), sedes administrationis (4351)
** [[Ludersfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüschenfeile'') (1065)

* [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'') commune generale (16.960)
** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649)
** [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'') (2749)
** [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'') (2076)
** [[Suthfeld]] (1486)

* [[Niedernwohra (commune generale)|Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Niedernwöhren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niernweuern'') commune generale (8115)
** [[Lauenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'') (1338)
** [[Meribiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meribiki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=3296&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbeck''' (...) Meribiki MGd. 3 (1013) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Meerbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mierbke'') (1965)
** [[Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;, sedes administrationis (1978)
** [[Nordcele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordcele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=2774&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Nordsehl''', 13. Jh., Gemeinde in Schaumburg, s. GOV Schaumburg 384, (in) Nordcele Cal (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nordsiele'') (730)
** [[Pollhagen]] (1104)
** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000)

* [[Nienstide (commune generale)|Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'')  commune generale (10.111)
** [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen''), sedes administrationis (1944)
** [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'') (2058)
** [[Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-07-2017/AAAKoeblerGerhardSamtgemeindeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20170710%20-%20111.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  (Samtgemeinde in dem Landkreis Schaumburg,) rund 11000 Einwohner, Nienstide (1153-1170) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'') (4566)
** [[Seggebruch]] (1543)

* [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562)
** [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')
** [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'') (1049)
** [[Leonovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'') oppidum (4100)
** [[Messencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Messenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Messenkampe'') (744)
** [[Pohla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pohle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Peohle'') (851)
** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348)

* [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253)
** [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'') oppidum (4494)
** [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'') (1274)
** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911)
** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}}
* [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14773" sha1="kxqzbtys3yxos16dg3tnz1nbe4t2k1y" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]]
'''Circulus Theorosburgensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Landkreis Schaumburg&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus Theorosburgensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schaumburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum &quot;circulus&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio &quot;Theorosburgensis-e&quot;, quod ad [[Theorosburgum]] refertur, vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Schaumburg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Loundkring Schaumburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Landkreis Schaumborg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est.

== De rebus gestis ==
Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt.

== Communia circuli ==
Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt:

* [[Bocensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}},&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bückeburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bückeborg'')&lt; urbs (19.182)
* [[Haga Schauenburgi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]]  ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814)
* [[Obernkircha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Obernkirchen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Öwernkerken''), urbs (9196)
* [[Rinteln]] (25.187)
* [[Vallis Augae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH 1988&quot;&gt;Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')  (6315 incolae)

* [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;&gt;Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715)
** [[Adenhusium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'') (1045)
** [[Bocholta (Circulus Theorosburgensis)|Bocholta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilmans &amp; Hoogeweg VI 1898&quot;&gt;Wilmans, R., &amp; Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.). (1898). ''Westfälisches Urkundenbuch: Band 6. Die Urkunden des Bisthums Minden und angrenzender Gebiete''. [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterii]]: Regensberg'schen Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Buchholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Baukholt'') (724)
** [[Eildissum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stumpf-Brentano II 1865&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480)
** [[Heessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Heeßen'') (1385)
** [[Luhda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Luhden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Liuen'') (1081)

* [[Lindhorstium (commune generale)|Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste'') commune generale (7796)
** [[Beckedorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Köbler 2016&quot;&gt;Köbler, G. (2016). ''Orte in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte''. Wikiling-Zier. [[Universitas Leopoldino-Franciscea]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Beckedorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Biäkedörp'') (1442)
** [[Heuerssa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heuerßen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hoarßen'') (938)
** [[Lindhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lindhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lindhoste''), sedes administrationis (4351)
** [[Ludersfelda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-felda&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-feld(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-felda-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Falufelda]], [[Frauenfelda]], [[Heresfelda]], [[Hirutfelda]], [[Ilfelda]], [[Mansfelda]], [[Salfelda]], [[Sualafelda]], [[Alfelda]], [[Alsfelda]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lüdersfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lüschenfeile'') (1065)

* [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'') commune generale (16.960)
** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcard 1805&quot;&gt;Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649)
** [[Hasta (Saxonia Inferior)|Hasta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Haste'') (2749)
** [[Hohnhorstium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-horstium&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-horst'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-horstium-i&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-horst''' : -''horstium'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohnhorst''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hionhoste'') (2076)
** [[Suthfeld]] (1486)

* [[Niedernwohra (commune generale)|Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Niedernwöhren''; [[Saxonice]] ''Niernweuern'') commune generale (8115)
** [[Lauenhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenhagen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Loamharen'') (1338)
** [[Meribiki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Meribiki&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=3296&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Meerbeck''' (...) Meribiki MGd. 3 (1013) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Meerbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Mierbke'') (1965)
** [[Niedernwohra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;/&gt;, sedes administrationis (1978)
** [[Nordcele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordcele&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&amp;langType=reviews&amp;lemmaID=2774&amp;utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''Nordsehl''', 13. Jh., Gemeinde in Schaumburg, s. GOV Schaumburg 384, (in) Nordcele Cal (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nordsehl''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nordsiele'') (730)
** [[Pollhaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-haga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-hag(e)(n)'' seu ''-ha(a)g'' seu ''-hague'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-haga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Haga (Franconia Superior)|Haga Franconiae Superioris]], [[Haga ad Ambram]], [[Haga (in Bavaria superiore)|Haga in Bavaria Superiore]] apud [[Index communium Bavariae|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Bavariae]]; [[Falkenhaga (Marchia)|Falkenhaga Marchiana]] apud [[Index communium Brandenburgi|articulum Vicipaediae Latinae de indice communium Brandenburgi]]; [[Haga Schauenburgi]], [[Haga Promontorium]], [[Haga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (1104)
** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000)

* [[Nienstide (commune generale)|Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'')  commune generale (10.111)
** [[Helpsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-a&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;, quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud articulum Vicipaedia de [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_urbium_et_communium_Saxoniae indice urbium et communium Saxoniae]; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Helpsen''), sedes administrationis (1944)
** [[Hespa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Hespe'') (2058)
** [[Nienstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nienstide&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ZIER-HP/ZIER-HP-07-2017/AAAKoeblerGerhardSamtgemeindeinderdeutschenOrtsgeschichte20170710%20-%20111.htm?utm ''www.koeblergerhard.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  (Samtgemeinde in dem Landkreis Schaumburg,) rund 11000 Einwohner, Nienstide (1153-1170) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nienstädt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nienstie'') (4566)
** [[Seggebruch]] (1543)

* [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562)
** [[Apleremum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;&gt;Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')
** [[Hulseda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hülsede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hülse'') (1049)
** [[Leonovia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leonovia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://sempub.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum_vitae/de/wisski/navigate/93514/view?utm ''Propylaeum Vitae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Leonovia-Brunsvigius (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Lauenau''; [[Saxonice]] ''Laena'') oppidum (4100)
** [[Messencampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Messenkamp''; [[Saxonice]] ''Messenkampe'') (744)
** [[Pohla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Pohle''; [[Saxonice]] ''Peohle'') (851)
** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348)

* [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253)
** [[Hagenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Hagenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hagenborg'') oppidum (4494)
** [[Ovenhagium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlegel 1703&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'') (1274)
** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911)
** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574)

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}}
* [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis]

{{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}}
[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1977]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucius Licinius Murena (pro praetore in Asia)</title>
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      <text bytes="4450" sha1="j0j0kg0bhz4lnazt0kwntw5vqw7l4hd" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Lucius Licinius Murena''' ([[floruit]] 88-80 a.C.n.) fuit [[Senatus Romanus|senator Romanus]] qui [[Asia (provincia Romana)|provinciae Asiae]] praefectus sua sponte secundum [[bellum]] [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridaticum]] movit: [[Sylla]] tunc eum [[Roma]]m revocavit atque ei [[Triumphus|triumphare]] concessit ([[81 a.C.n.]]), quamquam nihil gloriosi fecerat.

== De gente ==
Nobili gente [[Plebs|plebeia]] Liciniorum orti nec ipse nec pater nec avus ultra [[Praetor|praetoriam]] dignitatem progressi sunt sed filius [[Lucius Licinius Murena]] [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[62 a.C.n.]] gessit. [[Cognomen]] ''Murena'', quod ad piscem homonymum spectare videtur, secundo saeculo a.C.n. illi ramo gentis Liciniae nescio qua de causa addictum est. Primum legitur in serie nummorum aeneorum ([[as]], [[Semis|semis]], [[Triens (nummus)|triens]], [[Quadrans|quadrans]], [[Sextans (nummus)|sextans]], [[Uncia (pondus et nummus)|uncia]]&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97393391/f136.item Licinia 1-6]. Crawford 186 [https://lesdioscures.com/738li-quadrans-licinia/ Quadrans apud Dioscures.com.]&lt;/ref&gt;) inter 170 et 155 a.C.n. percussorum&lt;ref&gt;Nam as adhuc ponderis uncialis est.&lt;/ref&gt;. Qui magistratus monetarius sive pater sive avus nostri Lucii potuit esse : quod si ita est praetor anno incerto postea fuit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero|Cic]]. ''Mur''. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De cursu honorum ==
Praetor fuit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero|Cic]]. ''Mur''. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;, fortasse anno [[88 a.C.n.]] Certe anno [[87 a.C.n.]] Sullam legatus in primum bellum Mithridaticum secutus, [[86 a.C.n.]] sinistro cornui [[Chaeronensis pugna (86 a.C.n.)|Chaeronensi proelio]] praeerat&lt;ref&gt;[[Plutarchus|Plut]]., ''Sylla'' 17.&lt;/ref&gt;. Victor Sylla, cum anno [[84 a.C.n.]] condiciones pacis sibi placentes Mithridati dictasset atque insuper inimicum Fimbriam sustulisset, in Italiam proficisci cupiens Murenam in provincia Asia cum duabus [[Legio Romana|legionibus]] ''pro praetore'' reliquit. Illae duae legiones dubiae fidei erant quia Fimbriae fuerant (ideoque ad bellum civile in Italia parum idoneae  erant). Tum quia Mithridates magnas copias adversus seditiosos [[Colchis|Colchos]] (ita quidem dicebat) parabat Ariobarzanes, cui regnum [[Cappadocia (provincia Romana)|Cappadociae]] a Romanis datum erat, pavefactus ad Murenam confugit ac simul cum Archelao, qui nuper dux Ponticus in Graecia nunc ob hoc ipsum regi suo suspectus erat, ei persuasit ut bellum Mithridati sponte indiceret ([[83 a.C.n.]]), Cappadociam invaderet atque [[Comana Pontica|Comana]] oppugnaret&lt;ref&gt;Tum fortasse a militibus imperator adclamatus est, ut apparet ex inscriptione Rhodia [https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/138583 IG XII,1 48]&lt;/ref&gt;. Mithridates legatos Romam de foedere laeso misit et brevi, repulso Murena, Ariobarzanis oppida ipse obsidebat. Legati a [[Senatus Romanus|senatu]] missi pacem cum rege Murenae faciendam esse iusserunt et per matrimonium liberorum Mithridatem Ariobarzani reconciliarunt&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus]] 264-280.&lt;/ref&gt;. Nihilominus Murena de Ponto anno [[81 a.C.n.]] Romae [[Fasti triumphales Romanorum|triumphavit]]. Hoc bellum a Murena gestum vulgo ''secundum bellum Mithridaticum'' apud historicos dicitur. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]] quidem scribebat Murenam gloriae cupidine ac triumphi vanas et speciosas causas belli requisisse&lt;ref&gt;''Mithr''. 265.&lt;/ref&gt; : at fortasse Mithridates et ipse ad opportunitatem pronvinciarum amissarum reciperandarum sibi bello civili Romano oblatam spectabat.

Fieri potuit ut morte praeveniretur ne consul fieret siquidem ita verba Ciceronis in oratione ''[[Pro Murena]]'' interpretari placet : ''is'' (id est consulatus) ''iam patri debitus a filio petebatur''.

== Fontes ==
*[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica''
*[[Cicero]], ''Pro Murena'' 15.
**''De imperio Gnaei Pompei'' 8
*''Epitome'' [[Memnon Heracleotes|Memnonis]] ''Historiae'' in [[Photius I (patriarcha Constantinopolitanus)|Photii]] [[Bibliotheca (Photius)|Bibliotheca]]
*[[Plutarchus]], ''Sylla'' 17-19.
== Plura legere si cupis ==
*J. Arkenberg, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436295 Licinii Murenae, Terentii Varrones and Varrones Murenae. I  A Prosopographical study of Three Roman Families]&quot;, ''Historia''  1993(42) : 326-351

== Nota ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 a.C.n.|saeculo 1 a.C.n.|Licinius Murena, Lucius}}
[[Categoria:Gens Licinia|Murena, Lucius]]
[[Categoria:Praetores]]
[[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lex Gabinia</title>
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      <text bytes="1654" sha1="7aff9607k67yz5jnqi21crgbm2gfs8r" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Pompey the Great.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompei]]

'''Lex Gabinia''' anno [[67 a.C.n.]] lata est, [[Aulus Gabinius|Aulo Gabinio]] [[tribunus plebis|tribuno plebis]] postulante. Qua lege [[imperium]] extraordinarium [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] attributum est, ut [[pirata]]s tunc [[mare Mediterraneum|mare internum]] vastantes copiis contineret debellaretque, praesertim qui annonam in urbem Romam importari inhiberent.&lt;ref&gt;''Der Neue Pauly'', Band 11, Sp. 332 s.v.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pompeius ut victoriam de piratis caperet per legem'' ''Gabiniam imperia extraordinaria accepit qualia antea nemini a senatu concessa erant. Non solum classis 500 navium 120.000 militum, 5000 equitum necnon 36 centenis miliis sestertium instructa est, ''imperium'' eum etiam potestate interveniendi toto circuitu orarum 50 milia passuum tenus explevit. Adhuc ambiguitur num legis potestates ''imperium proconsulare maius'' [[Octavianus|Octaviano]] tributum aequiparaverint an translaticium ''imperium aequum'' sint censandae. Quare saepius discidia inter Pompeium et magistratus, qui provincias administrarent, exorta sunt, exempli gratia Creta in insula, ubi [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus|Metellus Creticus]] varia fortuna piratas impugnabat. 

Etiamsi Pompeius hoc tempore plebi gratissimus erat senatores cum Sullae dictatoris recens exemplum commemorarent, haesitaverunt singulo viro tantas concedere potestates. Denique Gabinius [[Lucius Trebellius|Lucio Trebellio]] plebis tribuno, qui in contione legem vetuisset, dimissionem minatus est quo facto intercessione abstinuit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:67 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Leges Romanae|Gabinia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iosephus Ioannes del Col</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="2346" sha1="gqb89d7ohdf4ut0v3eiv4y5sck4ctw2" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Iosephus Ioannes del Col}} ([[Hispanice]] ''José Juan Del Col''; [[Casarsa]]e die [[23 Augusti]] anno [[1925]] natus; die [[4 Ianuarii]] anno [[2019]] [[Sinus Albus|Sinu Albo]] mortuus&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190202231753/http://cafexmedio.com.ar/bahia-blanca/20629-a-los-93-anos-fallecio-el-rector-emerito-del-juan-xxiii-jose-juan-del-col.html A los 93 años falleció el Rector Emérito del Juan XXIII, José Juan Del Col]&lt;/ref&gt;) fuit Latinista, [[lexicographus]] et sacerdos [[Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii|Salesianus]]. '' 

== Opera et labores ==
Lexicon Latinitatis recentioris Hispanico-Latinum composuit&lt;ref&gt;''Diccionario auxiliar Español-Latino para el uso moderno del Latín''. Bahía Blanca 2007. Si hoc lexicon citare vis, formula {{fn|DAEL}} uti potes.&lt;/ref&gt; necnon lexicon dictionum Latinarum&lt;ref&gt;''Diccionario de locuciones latinas'', vol. I, Bahía Blanca, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;. Linguae Latinae et linguae Graecae in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Institutm Praeuniversitarium Ioannis XXIII|Instituto Praeuniversitario|es|qid=Q5917666}} [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] professor fuit et rector huius Instituti.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes ==
* [https://www.lanueva.com/nota/2013-11-23-9-0-0-al-sacerdote-jose-juan-del-col Al sacerdote José Juan Del Col] {{ling|Hispanice}}
* [https://www.pressreader.com/argentina/la-nueva/20190105/281977493755563 A los 93 años, murió el padre salesiano José Juan Del Col] {{ling|Hispanice}}
* [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/libri.php?id=696 ''Ephemeris'' de lexico dictionum], auctore Paulo Kangiser
* [http://www.culturaclasica.com/lingualatina/latin_hoy.pdf José Juan Del Col, ''¿Latín hoy?'', Bahía Blanca, 1998] {{ling|Hispanice}}

==Nexus externi==
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4U_saeBjHzCM1lTLTZZWFJQZkU/edit?resourcekey=0-rMzM00aqsDXXArOKBAThuA ''Diccionario auxiliar español-latino para el uso moderno del latín''] (pdf) 
* [https://www.juan23.edu.ar/dll/ ''Diccionario de locuciones latinas''] (pdf)
* [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2015/nuntius1.php?id=1385 ''De Sanctissima Trinitate''], homilia Iosephi Ioannis del Col

{{Anni vitae|1925|2019|del Col, Iosephus Ioannes}}
[[Categoria:Lexicographi]]
[[Categoria:Clerici Argentinae]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Argentinae]]
[[Categoria:Salesiani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Repugnatio Francica</title>
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      <text bytes="4624" sha1="520w8gdio6362x24vtexbqwqpz3v4d1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:France map Lambert-93 with regions and departments-occupation-it.svg|thumb|Francia annis 1940 occupata]] 
[[File:Reculafol-6-juillet-1944.jpg|thumb|Hamaxostichus apud [[Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey]] mense Iulio 1944 ex industria ex orbitis eiectus]] 
[[File:Brookwood Military Cemetery-1531.JPG|thumb|150px|Crux Lotharingiae, symbolum militum Francicorum, in Coemeterio Brookwood prope [[Londinium]]]] 
'''Repugnatio Francica''' (Francogallice: ''Résistance intérieure française'') nomen collectivum est pro motionibus repugnatoriis in [[Francia]], [[Belgium|Belgio]] et [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgo]] contra insessores [[germania|Germanicos]] [[Nazismus|Nazismi]] et [[italia|Italicos]] [[secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]]  saeviente necnon contra eorum delatores et adiutores inter compatriotas et contra instituta Francica Germanis auxiliantia. Neque parcebatur Germanorum amasiunculis.
==Historia==
Organizatio repugnatoria autem haud unanimiter fiebat, quoniam varii varios fines habebant (e.g. quoad ideologiam). Tamen vere anni 1943 [[Ioannes Moulin|Ioannes Moulin]] [[Carolus de Gaulle|Caroli de Gaulle]] legatus greges maioris momenti  plurimos coadunare et ducatum unum creare potuit. [[crux gammata|Cruci gammatae nazisticae]] opposita est [[Crux Lotharingiae]], quo signo in occupatores pugnatum est.
== Organizatio in Francogallia==
=== Comité Français de la Libération Nationale ===
[[Lugdunum|Lugduno]] Moulin omnes seditiosos sub auspicio ''Comité Français de la Libération Nationale'' (CFLN) unire voluit, quod usque mensem Maium 1943 patratum est. Usque mensem Novembrem 1942 septentrio solummodo occupata erat; inde et meridies &quot;libertatem&quot; perdidit. 

Meridianae coibant turbae hae
* ''Combat'' circa [[Henricus Frenay|Henricum Frenay]]  
* ''Libération Sud'' circa [[Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie]]
* ''Franc-Tireur'' duce [[ioannes Petrus Lévy|Ioanne Petro Lévy]]
* ''Francs-tireurs et partisans'' duce [[petrus Georges|Petro Fabien]]
* ''Armée secrète'' duce [[carolus Delestraint|Carolo Delestraint]] 
* ''Front National'' [[petrus Villon|Petri Villon]]
* ''Comité d’action socialiste'' circa [[petrus Brossolette|Petrum Brossolette]]

cum septentrionalibus turbis his:
* ''Organisation civile et militaire'' (OCM)
* ''Libération Nord''
* Ceux de la Résistance''
* ''Ceux de la Libération''

=== Sectio politica atque militaris ===
''Repugnatio Francia'' parlamentum clandestinum habuit sub nomine ''Conseil national de la Résistance'' (CNR). [[Iacobus Bingen|Iacobo Bingen]] indefesso etiam [[bellum clandestinum|sectio militaris]] anno 1944 ineunte venit sub nomine ''Forces françaises de l’intérieur'' (FFI). Exercitus consistebat a Kalendis Februariis 1944 in:

*  ''Armée secrète'' [[carolus de Gaulle|Gaullistarum]]
* ''Francs-tireurs et partisans'' communistarum
* ''Organisation de résistance de l’armée'' (Giraud)
* aliis manipulis segregatis

=== Greges alii ===
In Francia tamen porro independentes repugnatores diu sive ad tempus breviter exstabant, e.g.: Résistance de Fer (ferriviariorum),  France-Liberté, la Dernière Colonne, Musée de l’Homme, Confrèrerie Notre Dame, Organisation de résistance de l’armée, Armée des Volontaires (AV), Réseau Mithridate, Réseau Cohors, Réseau Alliance (pro communicatione),  Dutch-Paris (pro profugis).

{{NexInt}}
*[[Administratio temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae]]
*[[Francia libera]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|French resistance|Repugnationem Francicam}}
* [https://www.rosalux.de/publikation/id/3014/gegen-hitler-deutsche-in-der-resistance-in-den-streitkraeften-der-antihitlerkoalition-und-der-bewegung-freies-deutschland De Germanis in Repugnationis Francicae aciebus] 
* [http://www.buergervereinigung-landsberg.de/umganggeschichte/bundeswehr/korth/korth.htm Repugnatores Francici et exercitus Germanicus hodiernus]
* ''Europa-Vorstellungen in der Résistance'', thesis Frederici Stephan, Stuttgardiae 2002 [http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2003/1409/pdf/Band02.pdf pdf]     
* [http://www.resistance-archive.org/ European Resistance Archive (ERA) – colloquia percontativa cum resistentibus]
* [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00364984/document ''La Résistance française face à l’hypothèque Vichy.'']  = Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, p. 3–42 
* [http://www.juifs-en-resistance.memorialdelashoah.org/ ''Juifs en Résistance''], de Iudaeis pugnantibus  
[[categoria:Carolus de Gaulle]]
[[categoria:Historia Franciae]]
[[categoria:Historia Belgicae]]
[[categoria:Res politicae Luxemburgenses]]
[[categoria:Secundum bellum mundanum]]</text>
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    <title>Casimirus</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:13:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
      <origin>3995999</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1714" sha1="7q9lar3hptv2azqlixqvmz912ndjf7g" xml:space="preserve">{{Disnomen}}
{{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Polonica|significatio=fortasse &quot;proclamator pacis&quot;|imago=Casimir the Great by Leopold Löffler.PNG|capitulum=[[Casimirus III Magnus]], rex Poloniae}}
{{res|Casimirus}} est praenomen masculinum, [[Polonica]] origine (vulgo ''Kazimierz''). [[Etymologia]] praenominis dubia est atque varias origines proponuntur: e [[Verbum (generale)|verbo]] ''kazać'' ('proclamare'),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.etymonline.com/word/casimir paginam] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''kazic'' ('destruere')&lt;ref&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. &quot;[https://www.behindthename.com/name/casimir Casimir]&quot;. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel ''kazac'' ('ducere') atque vocabulis ''mierz'' ('magnus') aut ''mir'' ('[[pax]]'). Igitur significationes variae sunt: 'proclamator pacis',&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 'dux magnus'.

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sanctus Casimirus||pl|qid=Q312057}}
* [[Matthias Casimirus Sarbievius]]
* [[Edmundus Casimirus Szoka]]

=== Reges Poloniae ===
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus I (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus I|pl|qid=Q53455}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus II (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus II|pl|qid=Q53456}}
* [[Casimirus III (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus III]]
* [[Casimirus IV Iagellonides|Casimirus IV]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Casimirus Bein]]
* [[Casimirus Funk]]
* [[Casimirus Malewicz]]
* [[Casimirus Liszynski]]
* [[Casimirus Nycz]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus Petrus Périer||fr|qid=Q284683}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>7q9lar3hptv2azqlixqvmz912ndjf7g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996015</id>
      <parentid>3995999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T14:02:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3996015</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1794" sha1="ksl7valxnvvksjm9yxl52tjtc8fxghu" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}
{{Nomen
	| genus = Masculinum
	| origo = Polonica
	| significatio = fortasse “proclamator pacis”
	| imago = Casimir the Great by Leopold Löffler.PNG
	| capitulum = [[Casimirus III Magnus]], rex Poloniae
}}

{{res|Casimirus}} est praenomen masculinum, [[Polonica]] origine (vulgo ''Kazimierz''). [[Etymologia]] praenominis dubia est atque varias origines proponuntur: e [[Verbum (generale)|verbo]] ''kazać'' (‘proclamare’),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.etymonline.com/word/casimir paginam] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''kazic'' (‘destruere’)&lt;ref&gt;''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/casimir Casimir]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel ''kazac'' (‘ducere’) atque vocabulis ''mierz'' (‘magnus’) aut ''mir'' (‘[[pax]]’). Igitur significationes variae sunt: ‘proclamator pacis’,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ‘dux magnus’.

== Qui hoc nomen habuerint ==
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sanctus Casimirus||pl|qid=Q312057}}
* [[Matthias Casimirus Sarbievius]]
* [[Edmundus Casimirus Szoka]]

=== Reges Poloniae ===
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus I (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus I|pl|qid=Q53455}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus II (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus II|pl|qid=Q53456}}
* [[Casimirus III (rex Poloniae)|Casimirus III]]
* [[Casimirus IV Iagellonides|Casimirus IV]]

== Qui hoc praenomen habuerint ==
* [[Casimirus Bein]]
* [[Casimirus Funk]]
* [[Casimirus Malewicz]]
* [[Casimirus Liszynski]]
* [[Casimirus Nycz]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Casimirus Petrus Périer||fr|qid=Q284683}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Nomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina]]
[[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]]</text>
      <sha1>ksl7valxnvvksjm9yxl52tjtc8fxghu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nasiterna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>294123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996017</id>
      <parentid>3907954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T14:13:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; +{{[[Formula:Opus|opus]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3996017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1623" sha1="bj4eij8loeyhqkjrb3ca6ckzeicbq36" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Arrosoir 6 litres.jpg|thumb|Nasiterna {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Galvanizatio|galvanizata|en|qid=Q690418}}.]]

{{res|Nasiterna}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen auctricis 1 = Amery
	| nomen auctricis 1 = Heather
	| cognomen auctricis 2 = Mackinnon
	| nomen auctricis 2 = Mairi
	| cognomen auctoris 3 = Owens
	| nomen auctoris 3 = Patrick M.
	| cognomen pictoris 1 = Cartwright
	| nomen pictoris 1 = Stephanus
	| cognomen pictoris 2 = Olley
	| nomen pictoris 2 = Michaël
	| titulus = The Usborne First Thousand Words in Latin
	| annus = 2014
	| domus editoria = Usborne Publishing Ltd
	| isbn = 978-1409566151
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ({{pns|ae|f|nasiterna}}) est [[vas]] collo ita instructum, ut usui sit ad [[planta]]s [[manus|manu]] irrigandas. Multa atque varia sunt genera nasiternarum. Ut enim aliud dimidium [[litrum]], ita aliud usque decem litra capit. Etiam species nasiternae inter se differunt, quippe quae diversis inter se [[color]]ibus pingi possint, ne quid de formarum varietate dicatur. Si nasiterna et impleta et proclinata est, [[liquidum|liquor]] effunditur. Sin autem aliter fit, aut male re gesta tibi secus cessit, aut collo obturato munere non fungitur, aut omnino aliud est, et in numero nasiternarum non habendum.

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Auguste Renoir - A Girl with a Watering Can - Google Art Project.jpg|''Puella nasiternam manu tenet.'' [[Pictura olearia]] a [[Petrus Augustus Renoir|Petro Augusto Renoir]] picta.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Balneum pluvium]]
* [[Tunna]]

{{tech-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Horticultura]]
{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
      <sha1>bj4eij8loeyhqkjrb3ca6ckzeicbq36</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Investigatur</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>300030</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3995994</id>
      <parentid>3653780</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:56:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Haec formula neglecta sed utilis videtur; rescribo</comment>
      <origin>3995994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1231" sha1="isjl6kdgfska8v7tk0aparo2w4tf7zl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		with_value_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
		mapping_to_uppercase|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Numerus operis vel operum abest.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{status|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = SOLUTA
			| invalida | invalid = INVALIDA
			| duplicata | duplicate = DUPLICATA
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = REIECTA
			| retenta | stalled | later = RETENTA
			| perlustratur | open = PERLUSTRATUR
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{status}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>isjl6kdgfska8v7tk0aparo2w4tf7zl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3995995</id>
      <parentid>3995994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Investigatum]] ad [[Formula:Investigatur]]: Nomen magis idoneum</comment>
      <origin>3995994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1231" sha1="isjl6kdgfska8v7tk0aparo2w4tf7zl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		with_value_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
		mapping_to_uppercase|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Numerus operis vel operum abest.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{status|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = SOLUTA
			| invalida | invalid = INVALIDA
			| duplicata | duplicate = DUPLICATA
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = REIECTA
			| retenta | stalled | later = RETENTA
			| perlustratur | open = PERLUSTRATUR
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{status}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>isjl6kdgfska8v7tk0aparo2w4tf7zl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996003</id>
      <parentid>3995995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:25:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Formulam redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3996003</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="su996kfjyqo1pxycr5l3xys6m3apfqn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		with_value_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
		mapping_to_uppercase|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Numerus operis vel operum abest.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{res|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;SOLUTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| invalida | invalid = INVALIDA
			| duplicata | duplicate = DUPLICATA
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = REIECTA
			| retenta | stalled | later = RETENTA
			| perlustratur | open = PERLUSTRATUR
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{res}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>su996kfjyqo1pxycr5l3xys6m3apfqn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996006</id>
      <parentid>3996003</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:30:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3996006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1270" sha1="avbo0a9qocon4tt1l09dc3r5upgtfm5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		with_value_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
		mapping_to_uppercase|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Saltem unus numerus operis scribendus est.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{res|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;SOLUTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| invalida | invalid = INVALIDA
			| duplicata | duplicate = DUPLICATA
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = REIECTA
			| retenta | stalled | later = RETENTA
			| perlustratur | open = PERLUSTRATUR
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{res}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>avbo0a9qocon4tt1l09dc3r5upgtfm5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996011</id>
      <parentid>3996006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:53:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De coloribus</comment>
      <origin>3996011</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1641" sha1="l2rx97yikjql5dzuranzh5nka4p4quy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		with_value_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
		mapping_to_uppercase|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Saltem unus numerus operis scribendus est.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{res|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-success, #177860);&quot;&gt;SOLUTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| invalida | invalid = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);&quot;&gt;INVALIDA&lt;/span&gt;
			| duplicata | duplicate = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-disabled-emphasized, #a2a9b1);&quot;&gt;DUPLICATA&lt;/span&gt;
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-content-removed, #8b0000);&quot;&gt;REIECTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| retenta | stalled | later = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-option-yellow, #886425);&quot;&gt;RETENTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| perlustratur | open = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-notice, #404244);&quot;&gt;PERLUSTRATUR&lt;/span&gt;
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{res}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>l2rx97yikjql5dzuranzh5nka4p4quy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996033</id>
      <parentid>3996011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De operibus male scriptis</comment>
      <origin>3996033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1803" sha1="e1qx26kjmpzizwligwyy5on1mg3twqf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 = &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 11em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 .25em 0;&quot;&gt;Res apud [[phabricator:|Phabricatorem]] investigatur:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{#invoke:params|
		excluding_non-numeric_names|
		entering_substack|
			with_value_not_matching|^%s*[Tt]?%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mixing_names_and_values|z$#|Male scriptum: &lt;code&gt;$@&lt;/code&gt;|
			mapping_by_calling|Error|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|^%s*%d+%s*$|
			detaching_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|$@ + 2000|
			mapping_by_magic|#expr|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_replacing|^%s*[Tt](%d+)%s*$|%1|
		flushing|
		mixing_names_and_values|$@|'''[[phabricator:T$@|Opus $@]]'''|
		flushing|
		setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|{{Error|Error: Saltem unus numerus operis scribendus est.}}|
		all_sorted|
		list_values
	}}&lt;/div&gt;{{Sin secus
		| 1 = {{#switch:{{{res|}}}
			| soluta | resolved | fixed = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-success, #177860);&quot;&gt;SOLUTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| invalida | invalid = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);&quot;&gt;INVALIDA&lt;/span&gt;
			| duplicata | duplicate = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-disabled-emphasized, #a2a9b1);&quot;&gt;DUPLICATA&lt;/span&gt;
			| reiecta | declined | wontfix = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-content-removed, #8b0000);&quot;&gt;REIECTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| retenta | stalled | later = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-option-yellow, #886425);&quot;&gt;RETENTA&lt;/span&gt;
			| perlustratur | open = &lt;span style=&quot;color: var(--color-notice, #404244);&quot;&gt;PERLUSTRATUR&lt;/span&gt;
			| =
			| #default = {{uc:{{{res}}}}}
		}}
		| 2 =
		| 3 = &lt;span style=&quot;display: block; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding-top: .5em; margin-top: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;
		| 4 = &lt;/span&gt;
	}}&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e1qx26kjmpzizwligwyy5on1mg3twqf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Tracked</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>300032</id>
    <redirect title="Formula:Investigatur" />
    <revision>
      <id>3995997</id>
      <parentid>3653523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:57:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Duplam redirectionem correxi</comment>
      <origin>3995997</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="14xpt8048hf5iykdu1xym172sm6o1wk" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Investigatur]]</text>
      <sha1>14xpt8048hf5iykdu1xym172sm6o1wk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Demetrius Talpa/Harenarium</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>300124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3995993</id>
      <parentid>3994612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:48:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Miscellanea */</comment>
      <origin>3995993</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6890" sha1="j69o4lgmrs0t0h5o03qjm8j9gig0swr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;small&gt;[[Fasciculus:Versiculi mnemonici.jpg|right|200px]]
''[[Magna charta libertatum|Magnam chartam libertatum]] talparum'' compositurus sum. Haec sunt libertates maximae includendae:
*[[Libertas fodiendi]]
*[[Libertas rodendi]]
*[[Libertas caecuttiendi]]
*[[Libertas dormiendi]]


====incolis abundant, nomine carent====
{{div col|4}}&lt;small&gt;
*''Ačinsk''
*''Al'met'evsk''
*''Angarsk'' Angaropolis
*''Artëm''
*''Balakovo'' 
*Balaschicha
*''Barentsburg'' Barentiopolis
*''Batajsk''
*''Berdsk''
*''Berezniki''
*''Čerkessk''
*''Chasavjurt''
*Chimkae
*''Dimitrovgrad'' 
*''Domodedovo''
*''Dzeržinsk'' Nigrum (de priore ''Tschernoje'')
*''Èlektrostal' '' Electrichalybs
*''Essentuki''
*''Kamensk-Ural'skij'' Petra Uralensis
*''Kaspijsk'' Caspia
*''Kopejsk''
*''Kovrov''
*''Krasnogorsk'' 
*''Ljubercy''
*''Neftejugansk''
*''Neftekamsk'' Naphticamium ut Solicamium
*''Nevinnomyssk''
*''Nižnekamsk'' Utbs Camae Inferioris
*''Nižnevartovsk'' Ripa Vartovensis Inferior
*''Nojabr'sk''
*''Novočeboksarsk'' Tscheboxari Novi
*''Novočersassk'' Circassium Novum
*''Novokujbyševsk''
*''Novomoskovsk'' Mosqua Nova
*''Novošachtinsk'' Fodinae Novae
*''Novyj Urengoj''
*''Obninsk''
*''Oktjabr'skij''
*''Orechovo-Zuevo''
*''Pervoural'sk''
*''[[Podolsk]]''
*''Prokop'evsk'' Procopiopolis
*''Puškino''
*''Ramenskoe''
*''Rubcovsk''
*''Šachty'' Fodinae
*''Salavat''
*''Ščëlkovo''
*''Severodvinsk'' Urbs Duinae Borealis (''in Urbe Duinae Boreali'') 
*''Seversk''
*''Železnodorožnyj'' Ferriviarium
*''Železnogorsk'' Ferrimontium
*''Žukovskij''
&lt;/small&gt;{{div col end}}


===Miscellanea===
&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:90%&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:130%; padding:0.2em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; border-right:1px solid #BEBEBE; background:#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:10%&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-customtoggle-1&quot; style=&quot;cursor:pointer; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; border-right:1px solid #BEBEBE; background:white; color:#495388&quot;&gt;monstrentur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; id=&quot;mw-customcollapsible-1&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible-content&quot; style=&quot;float:left; width:100%; border:0; background:#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;
[[Imago:Novies toties.png|thumb|e ''[https://books.google.ru/books?id=8A0Cp0_WNdMC Capistrano triumphante]'']]
{{coord|55|29|24|N|28|45|35|E|display=title}}
{{Creanda|sv|Erik Väderhatt|Ericus Ventosi Pilei}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.ru/books?id=uEFSAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Ventosi+pilei#v=snippet&amp;q=Ventosi%20pilei&amp;f=false ''Saxonis Grammatici Historia Danica'', vol. I, Hauniae 1839].&lt;/ref&gt; — {{Creanda|ru|Клейнмихель, Пётр Андреевич|Petrus Kleinmichel|Petrus Andreides comes Kleinmichel}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Eduardus Eichwald]], [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=fr&amp;id=fGlxVUvGpBQC&amp;q=Andreidi#v=snippet&amp;q=Andreidi&amp;f=false ''Fauna Caspio-Caucasica'', Petropoli 1841, dedicatio].&lt;/ref&gt; [https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&amp;id=9IJnAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=Catcovius#v=snippet&amp;q=Catcovius&amp;f=false Michael Nicephorides Catcovius]  [https://books.google.ru/books?id=Mz1GAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=pristavorum#v=snippet&amp;q=pristavorum&amp;f=false Pristavus] — [https://old-smolensk.ru/?p=12670 Smolenscensis obsidionis...] [https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000200_000018_RU_NLR_DIGIT_75071/ idem]  
[https://books.google.fr/books?id=uGV3SHOFe8YC ''Relationes status dioecesium in magno ducatu Lituaniae''] [https://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/structure/1598225 ''Etymologica Vandalica et Slavica Megapolitana''] — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=iznC2Z7suJAC&amp;pg=PA293&amp;dq=regiopolitana&amp;hl=fr&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjBl8eXzt-AAxV-JxAIHZSGBpUQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=regiopolitana&amp;f=false Regiopolitana] [[:commons:File:Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.jpg|Asia Citerior]] — [https://web.archive.org/web/20070302034320/http://www.yunanmitolojisi.net/ilyada-1bolum/ Μῆνιν ἄειδε Turcice] 
paginae absunt, genii adsunt: [[gubernium Bessarabiae|Bessarabiae]] (regio), [[gubernium Caucasi|Caucasi]],  [[gubernium Liflandiae|Liflandiae]], [[gubernium Curlandiae|Curlandiae]], [[gubernium Estlandiae|Estlandiae]] [[:el:Αγίες_Τεσσαράκοντα_Παρθένες_και_Αμμούν_ο_διδάσκαλος|παρθένοι μ']]  [https://linguax.com/lexica/forc.php?searchedLG=crepido crepidines]&lt;ref&gt;{{Symeon|набережная}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://www.reddit.com/r/asklinguistics/comments/771hro/latinization_of_indigenous_place_names/ tabula deperdita] [[meta:Death_anomalies_table|viciČičikov]]

Alliteratio&lt;ref&gt;Carolus Boetticher, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=L6xDAAAAIAAJ ''De alliterationis apud Romanos vi et usu'', 1884]; Ferdinandus Mering, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=EEo8AQAAMAAJ ''De alliteratione Luciliana'', 1891]. [[Pontanus]] primus vocabulum usus esse dicitur, — [[Ioannes Christophorus Adelung]], [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000108984414&amp;seq=316 ''Über den Deutschen Styl'', Berolini, 1789—90, p. 282]. (in ''Actio'')&lt;/ref&gt; [[Giraldus Cambrensis]] [https://archive.org/details/giraldicambrensi06gira/page/187/mode/1up?q=Cassandra de adnominatione]  {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ricardus Rolle|Ricardi Rolle|en|qid=Q2345308}} [https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Richard_Rolle_of_Hampole/3D_LATbZr8cC?hl=ru&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Cogitavi+in+claustro+cordis+mei+constans+esse+in+caritate&amp;pg=PR18&amp;printsec=frontcover ''melus''?] 
&lt;references /&gt;

'''Tassus''': [https://books.google.ru/books?id=pi2xDwAAQBAJ Sense] [https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/192737/SCN%2079%201%262%20Complete%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y recensio] [https://books.google.ru/books?id=QXV42_oywj0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_atb&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false vindicata] [https://books.google.ru/books?id=hWBUAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA17&amp;dq=hierosolymae+liberatae&amp;hl=ru&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=hierosolymae%20liberatae&amp;f=false xvi] [https://books.google.ru/books?id=WIt4Jjo_my4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_atb&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false solymeis] [[:it:Scipione Gentili|scipione]]


&lt;hr&gt;
hic volucres armenta viros genus omne ferarum&lt;br&gt;
ne quid diluvii perdat violentia, Noe&lt;br&gt;
colligit atque vnam tot condita condit in arcam
[[Fasciculus:Cat tail ani.gif|left|noborder|37px]] 
[[Fasciculus:Exit from Noah's Ark - British Library Add MS 18850 f16v (detail).jpg|100px]]
[[Fasciculus:Autumn leaves in a rainy day at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.jpg|108px|top]]
[[Fasciculus:Новочеркасск Вид с горы 3.jpg|137px|top]]
[[Fasciculus:Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge - grating.jpg|120px|top]]&lt;br&gt;
[https://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/07/49/37/47_960.jpg ]
[https://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/02/53/52/27_big.jpg ]


[[Fasciculus:Anagramma Quid est veritas = Est vir qui adest.gif|right|80px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[ru:Участник:Demetrius Talpa]]</text>
      <sha1>j69o4lgmrs0t0h5o03qjm8j9gig0swr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Montes Scandinaviae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>300126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996076</id>
      <parentid>3766965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T20:29:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PastelKos</username>
        <id>110819</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996076</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1970" sha1="sf872eepvfkoc9z7co7lep7saxa8dvq" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Scandinavia-mountains.png|thumb|Montes Scandinaviae in [[tabula geographica]].]]
'''Montes Scandinaviae'''&lt;ref&gt;Ioachimi Frederici Schouw, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=aORe-1cEJwkC&amp;pg=PA28#v=onepage&amp;q=scandinaviae&amp;f=false ''Specimen geographiae physicae comparativae''] (Hauniae, 1828), 28; Aemilii Isensee, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=YKJkAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=montes+scandinaviae#v=snippet&amp;q=montes%20scandinaviae&amp;f=false ''Elementa nova geographiae et statistices medicinalis''] (Berolini, 1833), 72.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''montes Scandinavici'''&lt;ref&gt;Schouw, ibidem, p. 33.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Norvegice]] ''Kjølen'', [[Suecice]] ''Skanderna'', [[Finnice]] ''Skandit'') sunt [[mons|montes]], qui per totam [[paeninsula Scandinavica|paeninsulam Scandinavicam]] extenduntur. [[Norvegia]]e paene totam [[terra]]m occupant, et [[litus|litora]] [[Mare Norvegicum|maris Septentrionalis]] formant; valles inter iuga montium Scandinaviae sunt [[fiordum|fiorda]] Norvegica. In [[Suecia]], decliviora sunt, et pedetemptim ad [[planities|planitiem]] descendunt. Pars montium Scandinaviae exigua et [[Finnia]] septentrionali sita est.

Montium Scandinaviae altissimus et [[Galdhøpiggen]], mons Norvegicus; in Suecia, mons altissimus est Kebnekaise (2106 m). Pars montium septentrionalis interdum [[Sevo]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;nativeno=376 vol. III, p. 376].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Norvegice]] ''Kjölen'') nuncupabatur.

Multa flumina, quorum maxima [[Torna]], [[Angermannus]], [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis]] et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Orientalis]], in montibus Scandinaviae oriuntur. 

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Geographia Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Montes Norvegiae]]
[[Categoria:Scandinavia]]</text>
      <sha1>sf872eepvfkoc9z7co7lep7saxa8dvq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996150</id>
      <parentid>3996076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T07:05:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2013" sha1="3ffnv2hzsestyig6sypnzvgp588i608" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Scandinavia-mountains.png|thumb|Montes Scandinaviae in [[tabula geographica]].]]
'''Montes Scandinaviae'''&lt;ref&gt;Ioachimi Frederici Schouw, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=aORe-1cEJwkC&amp;pg=PA28#v=onepage&amp;q=scandinaviae&amp;f=false ''Specimen geographiae physicae comparativae''] (Hauniae, 1828), 28; Aemilii Isensee, [https://books.google.ru/books?id=YKJkAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=montes+scandinaviae#v=snippet&amp;q=montes%20scandinaviae&amp;f=false ''Elementa nova geographiae et statistices medicinalis''] (Berolini, 1833), 72.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''montes Scandinavici'''&lt;ref&gt;Schouw, ibidem, p. 33.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Norvegice]] ''Kjølen'', [[Suecice]] ''Skanderna'', [[Finnice]] ''Skandit'') sunt [[mons|montes]], qui per totam [[paeninsula Scandinavica|paeninsulam Scandinavicam]] extenduntur. [[Norvegia]]e paene totam [[terra]]m occupant, et [[litus|litora]] [[mare Septentrionale|maris Septentrionalis]] et [[Mare Norvegicum|maris Norvegici]] formant; valles inter iuga montium Scandinaviae sunt [[fiordum|fiorda]] Norvegica. In [[Suecia]], decliviora sunt, et pedetemptim ad [[planities|planitiem]] descendunt. Pars montium Scandinaviae exigua et [[Finnia]] septentrionali sita est.

Montium Scandinaviae altissimus et [[Galdhøpiggen]], mons Norvegicus; in Suecia, mons altissimus est Kebnekaise (2106 m). Pars montium septentrionalis interdum [[Sevo]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972, [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;nativeno=376 vol. III, p. 376].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Norvegice]] ''Kjölen'') nuncupabatur.

Multa flumina, quorum maxima [[Torna]], [[Angermannus]], [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis]] et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Orientalis]], in montibus Scandinaviae oriuntur. 

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

{{geo-stipula}}

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Geographia Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Geographia Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Montes Norvegiae]]
[[Categoria:Scandinavia]]</text>
      <sha1>3ffnv2hzsestyig6sypnzvgp588i608</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ula (flumen Finniae)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996174</id>
      <parentid>3766368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:30:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]</comment>
      <origin>3996174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="846" sha1="nhnx2owyh0t7sg68nr2d2m18516qy05" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Ula| [[Fasciculus:Vaalankurkku railway bridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Pons [[ferrivia]]rius trans Ulam]] | 107|  | | 22 853| ''Oulujärvi'' lacus | [[Sinus Bothnicus]]| [[Finnia]]}}{{videdis|Ula (discretiva)}}
'''Ula'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&amp;nativeno=538 vol. III, p. 538].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Finnice]] ''Oulujoki'') est [[flumen]] [[Finnia]]e. In lacu magno Ulensi (''Oulujärvi'') oritur, per silvas circa 107 [[chm]] fluit et in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] in [[Uloa (urbs)|Ula]] urbe effunditur. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Oulujoki|Ulam fluvium}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Finniae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
      <sha1>nhnx2owyh0t7sg68nr2d2m18516qy05</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalecarlius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996154</id>
      <parentid>3852563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:37:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1410" sha1="2ep6ssgxuhr4lpc6hfcihhr6r8k7uua" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Fluvius| [[Fasciculus:Avesta från ovan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlius Fluvius in Avesta urbe]] | 220|  | 350 | 28 953,8  | Confluentia [[Fluvius Dalecarliae Occidentalis|Fluvii Dalecarliae Occidentalis]] et [[Fluvius Dalecarliae Orientalis|Orientalis]]| [[Sinus Bothnicus]]| [[Dalecarlia]], [[Gevaliae Comitatus|Gevalia]],&lt;br&gt;[[Uplandia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius fluvius}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972,  [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050912/images/index.html?id=00050912&amp;nativeno=624 vol. I, p. 624].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice|Suecice:]] ''Dalälven'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]], quod ex confluentia [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis|Dalecarlii Occidentalis]] (Suecice ''Västerdalälven'') et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlii Orientalis]] (Suecice ''Österdalälven'') constat, quae ambo in [[Montes Scandinaviae|montibus Scandinavicis]] oriuntur. Flumen ipsum circiter 220 chiliometra longitudinis est, et postquam per 300 chiliometra cum tributariis fluit, in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] influit. Urbs ''[[Borlaenge]]'' ad ripas Dalecarlii sita est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Dalälven|Dalecarlium}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae|Dalecarlius]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris|Dalecarlius]]</text>
      <sha1>2ep6ssgxuhr4lpc6hfcihhr6r8k7uua</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996155</id>
      <parentid>3996154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:39:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Demetrius Talpa movit paginam [[Fluvius Dalecarliae]] ad [[Dalecarlius]]: ut Graesse</comment>
      <origin>3996154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1410" sha1="2ep6ssgxuhr4lpc6hfcihhr6r8k7uua" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Fluvius| [[Fasciculus:Avesta från ovan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlius Fluvius in Avesta urbe]] | 220|  | 350 | 28 953,8  | Confluentia [[Fluvius Dalecarliae Occidentalis|Fluvii Dalecarliae Occidentalis]] et [[Fluvius Dalecarliae Orientalis|Orientalis]]| [[Sinus Bothnicus]]| [[Dalecarlia]], [[Gevaliae Comitatus|Gevalia]],&lt;br&gt;[[Uplandia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius fluvius}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972,  [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050912/images/index.html?id=00050912&amp;nativeno=624 vol. I, p. 624].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice|Suecice:]] ''Dalälven'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]], quod ex confluentia [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis|Dalecarlii Occidentalis]] (Suecice ''Västerdalälven'') et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlii Orientalis]] (Suecice ''Österdalälven'') constat, quae ambo in [[Montes Scandinaviae|montibus Scandinavicis]] oriuntur. Flumen ipsum circiter 220 chiliometra longitudinis est, et postquam per 300 chiliometra cum tributariis fluit, in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] influit. Urbs ''[[Borlaenge]]'' ad ripas Dalecarlii sita est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Dalälven|Dalecarlium}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae|Dalecarlius]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris|Dalecarlius]]</text>
      <sha1>2ep6ssgxuhr4lpc6hfcihhr6r8k7uua</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996168</id>
      <parentid>3996155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:01:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: ±[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]; ±[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]→[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis]]</comment>
      <origin>3996168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1371" sha1="cj5w0ovjsnl78bt1knw1h1w1qvopitf" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Fluvius| [[Fasciculus:Avesta från ovan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlius Fluvius in Avesta urbe]] | 220|  | 350 | 28 953,8  | Confluentia [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis|Dalecarlii Occidentalis]] et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlii Orientalis]]| [[Sinus Bothnicus]]| [[Dalecarlia]], [[Gevaliae Comitatus|Gevalia]],&lt;br&gt;[[Uplandia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius fluvius}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse|J. G. Th. Graesse]], ''[[Orbis Latinus]]'', [[Brunsvicum|Brunopoli]] 1972,  [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050912/images/index.html?id=00050912&amp;nativeno=624 vol. I, p. 624].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice|Suecice:]] ''Dalälven'') est [[flumen]] [[Suecia|Sueciae]], quod ex confluentia [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis|Dalecarlii Occidentalis]] (Suecice ''Västerdalälven'') et [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlii Orientalis]] (Suecice ''Österdalälven'') constat, quae ambo in [[Montes Scandinaviae|montibus Scandinavicis]] oriuntur. Flumen ipsum circiter 220 chiliometra longitudinis est, et postquam per 300 chiliometra cum tributariis fluit, in [[Sinus Bothnicus|sinum Bothnicum]] influit. Urbs ''[[Borlaenge]]'' ad ripas Dalecarlii sita est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Dalälven|Dalecarlium}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis|!]]</text>
      <sha1>cj5w0ovjsnl78bt1knw1h1w1qvopitf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Compendia formulae</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>308283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996008</id>
      <parentid>3995918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:38:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>De themate fusco</comment>
      <origin>3996008</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="705" sha1="c4wq3u8pn1xnbj5aqylmi1s3gi6e1p5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 =

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding-bottom: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{titulus|}}}|{{{titulus|}}}|[[Vicipaedia:Compendium|Compendia]]}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	mapping_by_mixing|'''&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:Formula:$@|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;'''|
	setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|''Inveniamus!''{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Compendia paginae invenienda]]}}}}|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}}&lt;/div&gt;

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c4wq3u8pn1xnbj5aqylmi1s3gi6e1p5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Compendia substitutionis</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>308321</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996009</id>
      <parentid>3995919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:38:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>De themate fusco</comment>
      <origin>3996009</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="711" sha1="t9r71owk3wq8s0l4ct95zp41gq7v66e" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Capsa lateralis
	| 1 =

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding-bottom: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{titulus|}}}|{{{titulus|}}}|[[Vicipaedia:Compendium|Compendia]]}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	mapping_by_mixing|'''&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:Formula:$@|subst:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;'''|
	setting|i/n|&lt;br /&gt;|''Inveniamus!''{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Compendia paginae invenienda]]}}}}|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}}&lt;/div&gt;

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t9r71owk3wq8s0l4ct95zp41gq7v66e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MetaVici</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>308961</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996114</id>
      <parentid>3995962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Minuta</comment>
      <origin>3996114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1729" sha1="om3wshe5ie7iwiv3vppxtagys18xpep" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Wikimedia-logo-meta-la.svg|thumb|[[Logotypus]]]]

{{Res|MetaVici}}, vel {{Res|Meta-Vici}}, vel {{Res|Meta}} tantum, est [[situs interretialis]], formā [[vici]], ad acta institutaque [[Vicimedia|Vicimediorum]] coordinanda adhibitus (ipsā [[Vicipaedia|Vicipaediā]] Latinā inclusā).

Primos annos a Vicipaedia condita disputationes de instituto et animo encyclopaediae (praesertim de ratione sequenda) saepe apud ipsam Vicipaediam eveniebant, tametsi tales “metadisputationes” natura encyclopaedica careret. Insuper, nonnulli usores [[forum interretiale|forum]] cupiebant ubi non necesse esset indoli neutrali Vicipaediae se accommodare et ubi possent suas sententias de rebus in encyclopaedia tractandis libere profiteri. Propterea mense [[November|Novembris]] [[2001]] auctores Vicipaediae situm interretiale MetaVici creaverunt.

Hodie MetaVici est unum e tribus maioribus foris discussionis quibus scriptores Vicipaediae utuntur, unā cum epistulis electronicis et paginis disputationis encyclopaediae (quae tamen ad dissertandum de commentationibus reservantur).

MetaVici, primitus tantummodo intra versionem Anglicam Vicipaediae circumscriptum, animo Vicipaediae ad “phasem III” ingresso, ad forum disputationis pluribus linguis, ubi omnes communitates Vicimediorum de se ipsis disceptare possent, transmutatum est.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Vicipaedia]] et [[Vicipaedia Latina]]
* [[Victionarium]]
* [[Vicifons]]
* [[Vicicitatio]]
* [[Vicilibri]]
* [[Vicinuntii]]
* [[Vicimania]]
* [[Vicimedia]]
* [[Vicimedia Communia]]
* [[Incubatrix Vicimediorum]]
* [[MediaVici]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [[:meta:Main Page|Pagina Prima MetaVici]]
{{vsep|1.75}}{{Vicimedia}}

[[Categoria:Vicimedia]]
[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]</text>
      <sha1>om3wshe5ie7iwiv3vppxtagys18xpep</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Genshin Impact</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>311902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996126</id>
      <parentid>3994994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:10:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Columbina Hyposelenia</username>
        <id>216608</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Mechanici */ ? &gt; Vassaga</comment>
      <origin>3996126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26497" sha1="fnlvp7753ed24cxmqc6yff89u00rxk4" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Latinitas|-3}}
{{Capsa ludi electronici
	| Titulus = ''Genshin Impact''
	| Tituluslatinus = Impactus Allogenerum
	| Imago = Genshin Impact wordmark.svg
	| Auctor = [[HoYoverse]], sub [[miHoYo]]
	| Editor = [[miHoYo]]
	| Designator = [[miHoYo]]
	| Series = Impactus Honkai (extensus)
	| Motorium = [[miHoYo]]
	| Divulgatio = [[28 Septembris]] [[2020]]
	| Genus = Ludus personarum&lt;br&gt;Ludus mundi aperti
	| Modus = Lusor singularis
	| Systema = [[Microsoft Windows]]&lt;br&gt;[[PlayStation 4]]/5&lt;br&gt;[[Android]], [[iOS]]
	| Media = [[Corpus programmatum]]&lt;br&gt;cum [[Unitas|Unitate]]
	| Postulatio = 8 GB+ [[RAM]], 50 GB+ [[ROM]]
	| Gubernacula = [[Claviatura]], [[Mus (computatralis)|mus]]
}}

{{Ores|Genshin Impact}} (''Gen Shin'' est [[pronuntiatus]] [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] locutionis [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinicae]] 原神, ''Yuan Shen'', ubi ''Yuan'' 原 'primigenium' et ''Shen'' 神 [[deus|'deum']] et '[[potestas|potestatem]]' significant) est [[ars electrica|electronicus]] [[ludus personarum]] a [[miHoYo]] [[societas mercatoria|societate mercatoria]] anno [[2020]] editus. In Tiva agitur, [[mundus|mundo]] [[fictio|commenticio]] septem [[natio|nationes]] continente.

== Mechanici ==
Lusor per [[tabula geographica|tabulam geographicam]] atque quattuor personas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Mundus patens|mundum patentem|en|qid=Q867123}} suo arbitrio explorare potest. Personis conceditur pugnare, labi, et natare. Lusori quidam quaestus complendus est dum eius persona [[opes]], [[arma]], artifactaque cumulat. In Fontana{{dubsig}} unā cum Statua Focaloris{{dubsig}} personae urinari possunt.

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Septem Nationes in Tiva
! Capitulum !! Elementum !! Praefixum !! Natio !! Deus !! Sententia
|-
| Prologus || [[Aër]] || Anemo-{{dubsig}} || Monstadia || Barbatos || Mea [[libertas]], meus canor
|-
| 1 || [[Tellus (planeta)|Terra]] || Geo- || Ligua || Morax || Ruat [[caelum]], fiat pactum
|-
| 2 || [[Ambra|Electrum]] || Electro- || Inazuma || Beelzebul || Perpetua, perennis, impervia
|-
| 3 || [[Arbor]] || Dendro- || Sumeru || Buer || Sub floribus lumen sagacitatis
|-
| 4 || [[Aqua]] || Hydro- || Fontana || Focalor || Iustitia omnia vincit
|-
| 5 || [[Ignis]] || Pyro- || Natlan || Haborym || Surge, vir fortis, i natam victoriam
|-
| 6/7 || [[Glacies]] || Cryo- || Snezhnaya || Vassaga || Ducam, regina mea gloria, haud pluribus impar
|-
| Epilogus || (Nullum) || (Nullum) || Caenria || (Nullus) || (Nulla)
|}

In 6o capitulo viator in Nodocraium vagat, sed in 7o in Continenti Snezhnayana.

== Personae ==
Litterae typis gravibus quinque stellas (★★★★★) indicant.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wiki.hoyolab.com/pc/genshin/aggregate/character Per visionem.]&lt;/ref&gt;
In potentibus personae cum visione ascenditur Caenriae.

=== Protagonistae ===
[[Protagonista]]e ''Impactus Allogenerum'' sunt ''Aether'' et ''Lumina'', Deae Incognitae (Asmodeo) obsistendo abhinc quingentos annos dirempti sunt; alter clausus est et potentia spoliatus, altera emissa Ordinem Abyssi ducit.

=== Monstadia ===
Monstadia ([[Theodisce]] ''Mondstadt'', Urbs Lunae) ex [[Europa]] [[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] oritur.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis&amp;nbsp;linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''Albedo'''&amp;nbsp;(''m''.,&amp;nbsp;''-inis'') || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Albedo || Terra || Gladius
| Homunculus, alchemista potissimus et capitaneus investigatorum Equitum Favonii.
|-
| '''Alicia''' || [[Anglice|en.]] Alice || Ignis || Catalysta
| Mater Cleae et prima maga Circuli.
|-
| Amata || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Amy / &lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Fischl von Luftschloß Narfidort || Electrum || Arcus
| Investigatrix in Collegio Adventorum, quae comitat Benedictum.
|-
| Amber&amp;nbsp;(''f''.,&amp;nbsp;''Ambris'') || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Amber || Ignis || Arcus
| Antecursatrix sola in Equitibus Favonii. Prima compania obtenta in hoc ludo.
|-
| Barbara || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Barbara Pegg || Aqua || Catalysta
| Diacona Ecclesiae Favonii et soror iunior Ioannae. Obtinetur post prologum.
|-
| Benedictus || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Bennett || Ignis || Gladius
| Orphanus inclusus Collegio Adventorum, quius fama infortunatissimus habetur; e Mari Iivari in Natlane deiectus.
|-
| '''Clea''' || [[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Klee || Ignis || Catalysta
| Filia Aliciae, pyrobolatrix Equitum Favonii.
|-
| Dahlius || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Dahlia || Aqua || Lancea
| Diaconus Ecclesiae Favonii, qui amicitias inter Venti et Rosariam colit.
|-
| '''Dilux''' (''m''., ''-cis'') || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Diluc(ulum) [[Lingua Norvegica|no.]] Ragnvindr || Ignis || Gladius Maior
| Possessor Vinorum Aurorae. Legatus Caballarius Favonii ante Gaium fuit.
|-
| Diona || [[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Diona Kätzlein || Glacies || Arcus
| Mixologista felina in Cauda Felis.
|-
| '''Durin''' (''-nis'') || [[Lingua Norvegica|no.]] Durin || Ignis || Gladius
| Draco ab Circulo Magarum creatus, cuius corpus homunculum ab Albedine confectum est.
|-
| '''Eula''' || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Eula Lawrence || Glacies || Gladius Maior
| Gladiatrix de Aristocratia Laurentia.
|-
| Gaius || [[Lingua Norvegica|no.]] Kaeya Alberich || Glacies || Gladius
| Gladiator et Legatus ex Caenrio. Secundo obtinetur.
|-
| '''Ioanna''' || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Jean&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Norvegica|no.]] Gunnhildr || Aër || Gladius
| Praefecta Equitum Favonii sub Varco et soror maior Barbarae.
|-
| Lisa || [[Lingua Italiana|it.]] Lisa Minci || Electrum || Catalysta
| Librariana Equitum Favonii atque genius Academiae Sumerianae. Tertio obtinetur.
|-
| '''Lonus''' || [[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Lohen || Glacies || Lancea
| Vice-Legatus Quintus ex Equitibus Favonii.
|-
| Michael (''-lis'') || [[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Mika Schmidt || Glacies || Lancea
| Recognitor cartographicus Equitum Favonii.
|-
| '''Mona''' || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Mona Megistus || Aqua || Catalysta
| Maga astrologista et reportatrix Avis Vaporis.
|-
| Natalia || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Noëlle || Terra || Gladius Maior
| Servitrix Equitum Favonii, eques fieri cupiens.
|-
| Pruna || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Prune || Aër || Catalysta
| Puella magica quasi Clea, qui matrem Cleae Aliciam venatur.
|-
| Rasor (''-ris'') || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Razor || Electrum || Gladius Maior
| Puer a lupis alitus, a Lisa Minci et Varka adiutus.
|-
| Rosaria || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Rosaria || Glacies || Lancea
| Nonna ab Accumulatoribus Thesauricis rapta.
|-
| Saccharosa || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Sucrose || Aër || Catalysta
| Alchemista canina sub Albedine.
|-
| '''Varcus''' || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]] ورقه || Aër || Gladius Maior
| Capitanus Equitum Favonii, qui conquerebat in Ruina Hyperboreae.
|-
| '''Venti'''&amp;nbsp;(''-orum'')&lt;br&gt;sive '''Barbatos'''&amp;nbsp;(''-osis'') || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Venti || Aër || Arcus
| Deus ventorum.
|}

=== Ligua ===
Ligua&lt;ref&gt;Latinizatione confer [[Confucius]], [[Mencius]], [[Micius]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Sinice]] {{Notulae|璃:Lí|月:yuè}}, Luna Lazuli) ex [[Sinae (regio)|Sinis]] oritur.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Sinice !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''Baichu''' || {{Notulae|白: ㄅㄞ´|朮: ㄓㄨ´}} || Arbor || Catalysta || [[Medicus]] ex [[Pharmacopolium|Pharmacopolio]] impraedicibili.
|-
| Beido (''-us'') || {{Notulae|北: ㄅㄟˇ|斗: ㄉㄡˇ}} || Electrum || Gladius Maior || Capitanea Navium Liguae “Crucis” (Crux).
|-
| '''Capricorna''' || {{Notulae|甘:ㄍㄢ|雨: ㄩˇ}} || Glacies || Arcus || Secretaria semicapricorna, quae Septentrionem Liguae servit.
|-
| '''Chunglius'''&lt;br /&gt;sive '''Morax''' || {{Notulae|鍾:ㄓㄨㄥ|離: ㄌㄧˊ}} || Terra || Lancea || Deus terrae, notatus quam “Rex Lapis” sive “Deus Auri”.
|-
| Chungynus || {{Notulae|重: ㄔㄨㄥˊ|雲: ㄩㄣˊ}} || Glacies || Gladius Maior
| Exorcista spiritu positivo puro praeditus, exorcizans.
|-
| '''Cibea''' || {{Notulae|兹:ㄗ|白: ㄅㄞ´}} || Terra || Gladius || Angela quam Adepta equina, quae Lancanopolem antediluvianam dominabat.
|-
| '''Elena''' || {{Notulae|夜: ㄧㄝ`|蘭: ㄌㄢˊ}} || Aqua || Arcus
| Secretaria Lucis Condensae, senatrix prima de facto.
|-
| Gamingus || style=&quot;text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;|{{Notulae|葉:Yip6| |嘉:Ga1|明:ming4}} || Ignis || Gladius Maior
| Cursator leoninus e valle ''Ch'in-Yu''.
|-
| Hianglima || style=&quot;text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;|{{Notulae|卯: ㄇㄠˇ| |香:ㄒㄧㄤ|菱: ㄌㄧㄥˊ}} || Ignis || Lancea
| Coctrix in Popina Populi.
|-
| '''Hianyna''' || {{Notulae|閒: ㄒㄧㄢˊ|雲: ㄩㄣˊ}} || Aër || Catalysta || Adepta gruida “Retenatrix Nubis”.
|-
| '''Hiao''' || {{Notulae|魈:ㄒㄧㄠ}} || Aër || Lancea
| Iaxus solus, Liguam contra spiritus deosque malos tuens.
|-
| Hincius || {{Notulae|行: ㄒㄧㄥˊ|秋:ㄑㄧㄡ}} || Aqua || Gladius
| Filius secundus Mercatoris Nubis Volantis.
|-
| '''Hu Tao''' || {{Notulae|胡: ㄏㄨˊ| |桃: ㄊㄠˊ}} || Ignis || Lancea
| Funeratrix septuagesima septima in Ligua.
|-
| Iao-Iao || {{Notulae|瑤: ㄧㄠˊ|瑤: ㄧㄠˊ}} || Arbor || Lancea
| Discipula Adeptae e rure ''K'ing-ts'e''.
|-
| Ienfecia || {{Notulae|煙:ㄧㄢ|緋:ㄈㄟ}} || Ignis || Catalysta
| Legislatrix bicornis Liguae serviens.
|-
| Iun Cin || {{Notulae|雲: ㄩㄣˊ|堇: ㄐㄧㄣˇ}} || Terra || Lancea
| Saltatrix famosa in Ligua.
|-
| '''Kecima''' || {{Notulae|刻: ㄎㄜˋ|晴: ㄑㄧㄥˊ}} || Electrum || Gladius
| Senatrix quinta (“Alioth”) Septentrionis Liguae, Regem Lapidem Adeptosque detestans.
|-
| Lan Ien || {{Notulae|藍: ㄌㄢˊ| |硯: ㄧㄢˋ}} || Aër || Catalysta
| [[Faber|Fabra]] argenti e valle ''Ch'in-Yu'' (Gemma Summersa).
|-
| Ninguama || {{Notulae|凝: ㄋㄧㄥˊ|光:ㄍㄨㄤ}} || Terra || Catalysta
| Senatrix quarta (“Megrez”) Septentrionis Liguae.
|-
| '''Septima Septuplex''' || {{Notulae|七:ㄑㄧ|七:ㄑㄧ}} || Glacies || Gladius
| Puella [[Mors|Mortua]] in [[Pharmacopolium|Pharmacopolio]] Impraedicibili.
|-
| Sinena || {{Notulae|辛:ㄒㄧㄣ|焱: ㄧㄢˋ}} || Ignis || Gladius Maior
| Cantatrix famosa in Ligua.
|-
| '''Xenica''' || {{Notulae|申:ㄕㄣ|鶴: ㄏㄜˋ}} || Glacies || Lancea
| Exorcista sola, Chungyni matertera.
|}

===Inazuma===
Inazuma (sive Inaduma, [[Iaponice]] {{Notulae|稲:いな|妻:づま}} ''Inaduma'', Fulgur) ex [[Iaponia]] oritur.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Iaponice&lt;ref&gt;[[Kana]] et [[Kanji]] ante annum [[1945]].&lt;/ref&gt; !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''Aiaca Kamisato''' || {{Notulae|神:かみ|里:さと| |綾:あや|華:か}} || Glacies || Gladius
| Principissa Commissionis Culturalis, soror iunior Aiati.
|-
| '''Aiatus Kamisato''' || {{Notulae|神:かみ|里:さと| |綾:あや|人:と}} || Aqua || Gladius
| Princeps Commissionis Culturalis, frater maior Aiacae.
|-
| '''Cafedefarus Cazufa''' || {{Notulae|楓:かへで|原:はら| |万:かず|葉:は}} || Aër || Gladius
| Vagabundus et nauta Crucis Liguanae.
|-
| '''Chloris''' || {{Notulae|千:ち|織:おり}} || Terra || Gladius
| Textilatrix, in Fontanam demigrans, decreto compescente spreto.
|-
| '''Cocomis Regiae Sango''' || style=&quot;text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;|{{Notulae|珊:さん|瑚:ご|の|宮:みや| |心:ここ|海:み}} || Aqua || Catalysta
| Sacerdos contra Deam Electri.
|-
| Feizaus de Claustro Sikano || {{Notulae|鹿:しか|野:の|院:ゐん| |平:へい|藏:ざう}} || Aër || Catalysta
| Inquisitor e Commissione Administrativa.
|-
| '''Generalis Fulminis'''&lt;br&gt;sive '''Ei'''&lt;br&gt;sive '''Beelzebul''' || {{Notulae|雷:らい|電:でん| |將:しやう|軍:ぐん}}&lt;br&gt;
{{Notulae|雷:らい|電:でん| |影:えい}}
| Electrum || Lancea
| Dea secunda electri, post sororem suam Baelen (vel Makoto).
|-
| Goraus || ゴロー／{{Notulae|五:ご|郎:らう}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Litterae Sinicae]] e [[lingua Sinica]] sunt.&lt;/ref&gt; || Terra || Arcus
| Generalissimus caninus Cocomis.
|-
| '''Iofimia Naganofara''' || {{Notulae|長:なが|野:の|原:はら| |宵:よひ|宮:みや}} || Ignis || Arcus
| Bombatrix famosissima in Inazuma.
|-
| '''Ittus Arataki''' || {{Notulae|荒:あら|瀧:たき| |一:いつ|斗:と}} || Terra || Gladius Maior
| Onius perniciosus, a Sara Kudeo olim captus.
|-
| Kirara || {{Notulae|綺:き|良:ら|々:ら}} || Arbor || Gladius
| Cursatrix et [[Nekomata|felis dupla]].
|-
| '''Midukis Iumemiduki''' || {{Notulae|夢:ゆめ|見:み|月:づき| |瑞:みづ|希:き}} || Aër || Catalysta
| Meditatrix tapira, in Balneis Aisae serviens.
|-
| '''Miko Iae''' (''Mikonis'') || {{Notulae|八:や|重:へ| |神:み|子:こ}} || Electrum || Catalysta
| Diacona deae electri.
|-
| Saio (''-us'') || {{Notulae|早:さ|柚:ゆ}} || Aër || Gladius Maior
| Ninzia in Commissione Culturali.
|-
| Sara Kudeo || {{Notulae|九:く|條:でう| |裟:さ|羅:ら}} || Electrum || Arcus
| Legata Tenguina e Commissione Administrativa.
|-
| Sinobs Kuki || {{Notulae|久:く|岐:き| |忍:しのぶ}} || Electrum || Gladius
| Puella secunda sacerdotula quae est ministra Itti Arataki.
|-
| Thomas || トーマ&lt;br&gt;([[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Thoma) || Ignis || Lancea
| Minister Commissionis Culturalis, Monstadiensis.
|}

===Sumeru===
Sumeru (''n., -us'', [[Sanscrite]] सुमेरु ''Sumeru'', [[Accadice]] 𒋗𒈨𒊒 ''Šumeru'') in silvam desertaque dividitur. Silva Sumeriana ex [[India]] [[Imperium Achaemenidarum|Persiaque]] oritur, deserta autem ex [[Arabia]] [[Aegyptus|Aegyptoque]].
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis&amp;nbsp;linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''[[Alhazenus]]''' || [[Lingua Arabica|ar.]]&amp;nbsp;الهيثم || Arbor || Gladius
| Scriptor Academiae Sumerianae et legatus sagax.
|-
| [[Candace]]|| [[Lingua Graeca|el.]]&amp;nbsp;Κανδάκη || Aqua || Lancea
| Curatrix ruris Aaru.
|-
| Cona || [[Lingua Cambrica|cy.]]&amp;nbsp;Collei || Arbor || Arcus
| Discipula Tignarii et amica optima Amberis.
|-
| '''[[Cyon]]''' (''Cynis'') || [[Lingua Graeca|el.]]&amp;nbsp;Κύων || Electrum || Lancea
| Ordinis capitaneus et physicista Academiae Sumerianae.
|-
| '''[[Dehia]]''' || [[Linguae Libycae|ber.]]&amp;nbsp;ⴷⵉⵀⵢⴰ || Ignis || Gladius Maior
| Eremita, Nahidam protegens.
|-
| [[Doris]] || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]]&amp;nbsp;دوری سنگماه بای || Electrum || Gladius Maior
| Mercatrix parva, in Palatio Castro habitans.
|-
| Faruzan (-''nis'') || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]]&amp;nbsp;فروزان || Aër || Arcus
| Archaeologa ex Academia Sumeriana.
|-
| Kaveus || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]]&amp;nbsp;كاوه || Arbor || Gladius Maior
| Architectus ex Academia Sumeriana.
|-
| Laila || [[Lingua Arabica|ar.]]&amp;nbsp;ليلى || Glacies || Gladius
| Astrologa ex Academia Sumeriana.
|-
| '''[[Nahida]]'''&lt;br&gt;sive '''Buer''' || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]]&amp;nbsp;ناهيد || Arbor || Catalysta
| Dea Arboris, Domina Minor Kusanali.
|-
| '''[[Nilo]]'''&amp;nbsp;(-''onis'') || [[Lingua Persica|fa.]]&amp;nbsp;نيلو || Aqua || Gladius
| Saltatrix in Theatro Zubaeris.
|-
| [[Sethos]] || [[Lingua Graeca|el.]]&amp;nbsp;Σεθός&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Aegyptia|egy.]] ''st'' &lt;hiero&gt;st y&lt;/hiero&gt; || Electrum || Arcus
| Heres Templi Silentis, vasculusque Hermanubidis ante Cynem.
|-
| '''[[Tignarius]]''' || [[Lingua Arabica|ar.]]&amp;nbsp;طغنري || Arbor || Arcus
| Forestator Avidiensis ex Academia Sumeriana, decendensis Canis (Vulpes) Desertensis ([[Lingua Sanscrita|sa.]] वालुकाशुन ''Vālukāśuna'').
|-
| '''[[Vagabundus]]''' || &lt;del&gt;[[Lingua Iaponica|ja.]]&amp;nbsp;{{Notulae|国:くに|崩:くづし|／|傾:かぶ|奇:き|者:もの}}&lt;/del&gt;
|| Aër || Catalysta
| Homunculus ex Beelzebule creatus, in Sumeru errans, quondam sextus Ductor Fatuorum “Scaramouche” [[Lingua francogallica|(fr.)]].
|}

===Fontana===
Fontana ([[Francogallice]] ''Fontaine'', Fontana) ex [[Europa]] [[Linguae Italicae|Romanica]] oritur.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis&amp;nbsp;linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''[[Aemilia]]''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Émilie || Arbor || Catalysta || [[Unguentaria]] stylista et amica Caprosiae.
|-
| '''[[Augustus Escoffier|Augusta&amp;nbsp;Escoffier]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Praenomen suspectum est.&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Escoffier || Glacies || Lancea || Coquinaria pulsa ex Hospitali Debord, amica Varesae.
|-
| '''[[Clorinda]]''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Clorinde || Electrum || Gladius || Gladiatrix Prima et de facto protectrix Furinae, quae Carolum Caspar necavit.
|-
| [[Carlotta]] || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Charlotte || Glacies || Catalysta || Reportatrix Avis Vaporis.
|-
| [[Caprosia]] || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Chevreuse || Ignis || Lancea || [[Mosquetum|Mosquetaria]] capitanaque patroliae securitatis survigillantiaeque specialis (PS³).
|-
| '''[[Henricus Wriothesley|Dux&amp;nbsp;Wriothesley]]''' || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]]&amp;nbsp;''Duke''&amp;nbsp;Wriothesley || Glacies || Catalysta || Dux Fortis Meropidis.
|-
| Freminittus || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Fréminet&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Снежевич || Glacies || Gladius Maior || Subaqueus Fontanae celeberrimus et filius adoptatus Perverae.
|-
| '''[[Furina]]''' || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Furina&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] de&amp;nbsp;Fontaine || Aqua || Gladius || Dea Aquae, quae corpus '''Focaloris''' fuerat, antequam se deleret.
|-
| '''Linus''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Lyney&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Снежевич || Ignis || Arcus || Magus celeberrimus in Fontana et filius adoptatus Perverae.
|-
| Linitta || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Lynette&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Снежевна || Aër || Gladius || Adiutatrix felina sororque Lini.
|-
| '''[[Navia]]''' || [[Lingua Latina|la.]]/[[Lingua Hispanica|es.]]&amp;nbsp;Navia&amp;nbsp;Caspar || Terra || Gladius Maior || Ducissa Spinae Rosulae, quae patri suo Carolo successit.
|-
| '''[[Novillittus]]''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Neuvillette || Aqua || Catalysta || [[Draco]] Aquae, qui regulo Fontanae fungitur.
|-
| '''Sigevina''' || [[Lingua Theodisca|de.]] Sigewinne || Aqua || Arcus || Nutritrix [[melusina]] Fortis Meropidis.
|}

=== Natlan ===
Natlan (''f.'' -''anis'', [[Lingua Navatlaca|navatlace]] ''Natlan'', Mea Domus) est orta ex [[Africa Subsahariana]], [[Americae|Americis]], et [[Oceania]].
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| Cacina || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Uthabiti&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Hopiana|hop.]] Katsina || Terra || Lancea
| Excavatrix iuvenis et determinata ex Tepetlisauris.
|-
| '''Ciasca''' || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Vuka&lt;br&gt;[[Linguae Quechuae|qu.]] Ch'asca || Aër || Arcus
| Pacificatrix populi Qucusaurorum.
|-
| '''Cinix''' (''-ichis'') || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Malipo&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Maiensis|myn.]] Kinich || Arbor || Gladius Maior
| Curator heroque ex Yumkasauris, cuius comes est Dominus Decimus Natlanteanus “Immortalis Obscurus” ([[Lingua Maiensis|myn.]] “Aj Imuch' Paxlaq Lahun Ch'ule-L” / “K'uhul Ajaw”).
|-
| '''Citlalis''' || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Ukumbuko&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Navatlaca|nah.]] Citlali || Glacies || Catalysta
| Astrologista Ictomisaurium quae ducentos annos vixit.
|-
| Iansa || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Uwezo&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Iorubensis|yo.]] Yàńsàn-án / Yansã || Electrum || Lancea
| Exercitrix famosa in Natlane ex Tatankasauris.
|-
| Ifeus || [[Lingua Iorubensis|yo.]] Ifá/ìfẹ́ || Aër || Catalysta
| Medicus Sauri ex Qucusauris.
|-
| '''Mavuica''' || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Kiongozi&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Havaiana|haw.]] Mavuika || Ignis || Gladius Maior
| Dea Ignis, ex hominibus Yumkasaurorum orta ad Haborym.
|-
| '''Mualanis''' || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Umoja&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Havaiana|haw.]] Mualani || Aqua || Catalysta
| Athleta aquatica ex Koholosauris.
|-
| Oloron (''-ontis'') || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Bidii&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Iorubensis|yo.]] Ọlọrun || Electrum || Arcus
| Agricultor vespertilionidus et filius adoptatus Citlalis.
|-
| '''Varesa''' || [[Lingua Zuluana|zu.]] Waresa || Electrum || Catalysta
| Minotaura, pomaria bellica ex Tatankasauris.
|-
| '''Xilonen''' || [[Lingua Suahelica|sw.]]&amp;nbsp;Baraka&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Navatlaca|nah.]] Xilonen || Terra || Gladius
| Fabricatrix metallorum pumina ex Tepetlisauris.
|}

=== Snezhnaea ===
Snezhnaea ([[Russice]] ''Снежная'', Nivea) ex [[Europa]] [[Linguae Slavicae|Slavica]] oritur (''prime'' [[Russia]] Caesarica), ubi Regio Nodocraea ([[Russice]] ''Нод-Край'') ex nationibus circum [[Mare Balticum]] oritur. Undecim Ductores Fatuorum nomina ficta [[lingua Italiana]] ferunt.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis&amp;nbsp;linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| [[Aino]] (''f., -onis'') || [[Lingua Finnica|fi.]] Aino || Aqua || Gladius maior || Proprietrix Rotularii Tactici, quae Ineffam creavit.
|-
| '''[[Aiax]]''' (''m., -antis'') || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Аякс (ex [[Lingua Graeca|el.]] Αἴας) || Aqua || Arcus || Undecimus et Ultimus Ductor Fatuorum “Tartaglia”.
|-
| Alexius || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Алёша (dim. Алексей) || Electrum || Lancea || Venator quam Canis.
|-
| '''[[Anastasia Theodori puella Snezhnaea]]''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Анастасия Фёдоровна Снежная || Glacies || Lancea || Dea glaciei, notata quam “Imperatrix Snezhnaeae”.
|-
| '''Columbina Hyposelenia'''&lt;br&gt;sive '''Kuutar''' || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Columbina Hyposelenia&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Finnica|fi.]] Kuutar || Aqua || Catalysta || Dea Virgo Lunae, “Luna Nova”, quae tertia Ductrix Fatuorum “Columbina” fuit.
|-
| '''Cyrillus Cydomiri filius Flins''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Кирилл Чудомирович Флинс || Electrum || Lancea || Decanus Custodum Luminis, cuius ministri contra Abyssum cassi sunt (Venationem Silvaticam).
|-
| '''Danica''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Даника Постельницкая || Electrum || ? || Ancilla ex Sodalibus Caesaris.
|-
| '''Demetrius''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Митя (dim. Дмитрий) || Electrum || ? || Commissor Imperialis Snezhnaeanus de Energia.
|-
| [[Iahoda]] || [[Lingua Bohemica|cs.]] Jahoda || Aër || Arcus || Convectrix capitalis e Mercatoribus Voenicis.
|-
| [[Illugius]] || [[Lingua Islandica|is.]] Illuga || Terra || Lancea || Investigator Custodum Luminis.
|-
| '''Ineffa''' || [[Lingua Latina|la.]] Ineffa(bilis) || Electrum || Lancea || Gynoides Ainonis, ex parte bona Dominae Undecimae Natlanteanae “Crastinae Reflextricis” creata ([[Linguae Maienses|myn.]] ''Ix Raq'lapuj Chue'q Buluk Ch'ule-L'').
|-
| '''[[Lauma]]''' || [[Lingua Lettonica|lv.]] Lauma || Arbor || Catalysta || Diacona Puerorum Gelunae, sapiens et sacra.
|-
| '''Linnaea''' || (''forma feminina'')&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Latina|la.]] [[Linnaeus]] || Terra || Arcus || Adventrix Botanista, ''Avis Auguria'' quae est amica Ainonis.
|-
| '''Marionetta''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Marionette Guillotin || Glacies || Lancea || Septima Ductrix Fatuorum “Sandrone”.
|- 
| '''Mircus Radovidi filius Vilex''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Мирко Радувидович Вилешек || Aqua || ? || Quintus Ductor Fatuorum “Pulcinella”.
|-
| '''[[Nefer]]''' (''f., -ris'') || [[Lingua Aegyptia|egy.]] ''nfr'' &lt;hiero&gt;nfr&lt;/hiero&gt; || Arbor || Catalysta || Ductrix Curatorii Secretorum, Sumeriana, amica Doridis.
|-
| '''Odetta''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Одетта (ex [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Odette) || Glacies || Gladius || Ballerina Prima ex Theatro Regale, atque simul heres Octavae Ductricis Fatuorum “Signora” (Rosalina Crucica Flammatinea).
|-
| '''Pervera''' || [[Lingua Francogallica|fr.]] Peruère&lt;br&gt;[[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Снежевна || Ignis || Lancea || Quarta Ductrix Fatuorum “Arlecchino”, quae orphanes cultivat pro Fatui.
|-
| '''Theophanes Sergii filius Vexel''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Феофан Сергеевич Вексель || ? || ? || Nonus Ductor Fatuorum “Pantalone”.
|-
| Valerius || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Валерий || Electrum || ? || Maior sub Palatio Armamentario.
|-
| '''Vesna''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Весна Бенигновна Стривожа || Aër || Gladius || Vila ex Sodalibus Caesaris.
|-
| '''Vodianissa''' || [[Lingua Russica|ru.]] Водяница || Aqua || Catalysta || Sirena, Cantrix Tripula Prima ex Theatro Regale.
|}

===Aliae regiones===
Caenrium&lt;ref&gt;Charta mysteriosa sub Casma Liguana hos versūs, [[Gaius Valerius Catullus|Catullum]] imitantes ({{Vf|Carmina (Catullus, ed. Merrill)/Carmen LVIIIb||LVIIIb}}), ostendit:
{{Versus numerati|
Non custos si fingar ille Caenrium
Non fulmineus ego lyrae barbatos
Non si pegaseo ferar volatu
Non morphes niveae citaeque bigae
Adde huc plumipedas volatilesque
Ventorumque simul require cursum
Quos iunctos amica mea mihi dicares
Defessus tamen omnibus medullis
Et multis languoribus peresus
Essem te mihi amica quaeritando
Caelum dilabitur
falsitas collabitur
| [https://genshin-impact.fandom.com/wiki/Mysterious_Letter Charta mysteriosa sub Casma Liguana]}}&lt;/ref&gt; est regnum a Septem Deis delendum, ex [[Scandinavia]] [[Prussia]]que ortum.
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Persona !! Suis linguis !! Elementum !! Arma !! Synopsis
|-
| '''[[:en:Aloy|Aloisia]]''' || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Aloy || Glacies || Arcus || Protagonista ex [[Horizon Zero Dawn|Horizonte Nullo: Aurora]].
|-
| Dainsleus || [[Lingua Norvegica|no.]] Dáinsleif || (Quantum)? || ? || Caballarius Caenrianus, cum Lumina vagatus, Aetheri occurrit.
|-
| '''Excirca''' || [[Lingua Islandica|is.]] Skirk || Glacies || Gladius || Mentrix Aiantis extraterrestris.
|-
| '''Nicola''' || [[Lingua Anglica|en.]] Nicole Reeyn || Ignis || Catalysta || Maga N, una Angela immaculata.
|}

'''Mannequinus''' et '''Mannequina''' sunt introducti in ''Terra Mirabili “Miliastra”'', ab Octavia creati.

=== Personae magni momenti non ludibiles ===
Obliqua indicant feminas.
* '''''Paimon''''' (''f., -onis''), deuteragonista, Viatorem/Viatricem clamans.
* '''''Catherinae''''', receptionistae roboticae bionicae, a septima Ductrice Fatuorum “Sandrone” in Snezhnaya creatae, singulae per nationem.

== Synopsis ==
=== Prologus ===
Viator in Mondstadia vagavit.

=== Carmen Lunae Vanae ===
Viator in Nodocraea vagat, quande Columbina Fatuis partita est.

== Nexus interni ==
*Alii ludi personarum ex [[Hoyoversum|Hoyoverso]]:
** [[Impactus Apocalypsis]] (''Honkai Impact'')
** [[Impactus Apocalypsis: Interstellaris]] (''Honkai: Star Rail'')
** [[Nefariae Naturae Nihil]] (''Zenless Zone Zero'')
** [[Impactus Apocalypsis: Nexus Anima]] (''Honkai: Nexus Anima'')
** [[Planeta Petittus]] (''Petit Planet'')
*[[Gnosis]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Ludi personarum]]</text>
      <sha1>fnlvp7753ed24cxmqc6yff89u00rxk4</sha1>
    </revision>
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A forest near village Lorut in Lori, Armenia 09.jpg|1
Arcyptera_fusca_in_Armenia.jpg|2
Autumn forest on the trail from Jukhtak Monastery to Matosavank.jpg|3
Bee -.jpg|4
Biodiversity of forest around Lorut 05.jpg|5
Bracket fungi on a lakeside tree.jpg|6
Brown mushroom on forest floor.jpg|7
Colorful bracket fungi on wood.jpg|8
Dark-spotted Milkcap.jpg|9
Dilijan National Park - Caucasian mesophytic forest - 01.jpg|10
Dilijan National Park - Caucasian mesophytic forest - 02.jpg|11
Limenitis reducta 11.jpg|12
Lorut - Caucasian montane broadleaf forest 04.jpg|13
Lycaena helle Վայոց Ձորի անտառում.jpg|14
Lyophyllum decastes mushroom.jpg|15
Malacosoma neustria---.jpg|16
Misty forest in Dilijan.jpg|17
Misty view of the forest and mountains on the trail from Haghartsin Monastery to Dimats.jpg|18
Oryctes nasicornis on a mossy rock in Armenia.jpg|19
Papilio machaon butterfly1.jpg|20
Paxillus involutus mushroom.jpg|21
Polyommatus icarus Վայոց Ձորի անտառում.jpg|22
ROB00504.jpg|23
Rosa spinosissima Վայոց Ձորի անտառում.jpg|24
The forests of Lori.jpg|25
Trees and mountains by Tsover Lake.jpg|26
Tritomegas sexmaculatus nymph in Armenia.jpg|27
Tsover Lake, Lori, Armenia.jpg|28
Vayots Dzor Province 18.jpg|29
Vayots Dzor Province 20.jpg|30
Vayots Dzor Province 25.jpg|31
Vayots Dzor Province 26.jpg|32
View of Tsover Lake and the forest along its shore.jpg|33
Ավել 1.jpg|34
Բադերը Ծովեր լճում.jpg|35
Գոշի լիճ,աշուն.jpg|36
Դիլիջանի անտառներ 108.jpg|37
Դիլիջանի անտառներ 156.jpg|38
Դսեղի անտառներ D3.jpg|39
Եղևնի 2.jpg|40
Երկաթի և ծծմբի նստվածք տաք աղբյուրի շրջակայքում, Վայոց Ձորի անտառ.jpg|41
Լաստիվեր,անտառ.jpg|42
Լոռի 140.jpg|43
Լոռի 246.jpg|44
Լոռու Մարզ Ծովեր լիճ.jpg|45
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 01.jpg|46
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 02.jpg|47
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 03.jpg|48
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 05.jpg|49
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 07.jpg|50
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 10.jpg|51
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 11.jpg|52
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 14.jpg|53
Լոռու մարզի անտառ 15.jpg|54
Լոռու մարզի անտառ, գրկախառնված ծառ.jpg|55
Ծառ Հին Խնձորեսկի մերձակա անտառում.jpg|56
Ծովեր լճի անտառ․ Լոռի.jpg|57
Կոտայքի անտառ 01.jpg|58
Կրինիտարիա սովորականը աշնանը,,Վայոց ձորի անտառում.jpg|59
Մերկ խխունջ (слизняк), Լոռվա Մարզ, Լոռվա լճեր 18.jpg|60
Չքնաղ Ջերմուկ 06.jpg|61
Չքնաղ Ջերմուկ 08.jpg|62
Չքնաղ Ջերմուկ 22.jpg|63
Չքնաղ Ջերմուկ 30.jpg|64
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 1.jpg|65
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 10.jpg|66
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 11.jpg|67
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 129.jpg|68
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 668.jpg|69
Ջերմուկի անտառներ 673.jpg|70
Ջերմուկի անտառներ, 11.jpg|71
Ջրվեժի անտառ-արգելոց 16.jpg|72
Ջրվեժի անտառ-արգելոց.jpg|73
Ջրվեժի անտառներ 106.jpg|74
Ջրվեժի անտառներ 29.jpg|75
Սև բանգի Ջրվեժի անտառներում.jpg|76
Սև կեռնեխ Ծաղկաձորի անտառում 55.jpg|77
Սև կեռնեխ Ծաղկաձորի անտառում 56.jpg|78
Սեքվոյա 2.jpg|79
Սեքվոյա.jpg|80
Սոսի 2.jpg|81
Վայոց Ձոր, գետ 01.jpg|82
Վայոց Ձոր, Ջերմուկի անտառներ 02.jpg|83
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 01.jpg|84
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 02.jpg|85
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 06.jpg|86
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 08.jpg|87
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 09.jpg|88
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 13.jpg|89
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 15.jpg|90
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 16.jpg|91
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 17.jpg|92
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 18.jpg|93
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 19.jpg|94
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 20.jpg|95
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 22.jpg|96
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 24.jpg|97
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 27.jpg|98
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 32.jpg|99
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 34.jpg|100
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 36.jpg|101
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 37.jpg|102
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 39.jpg|103
Վայոց ձորի անտառներ 26092026 40.jpg|104
Վայոց Ձորի անտառներ Ջերմուկում 03.jpg|105
Վայոց Ձորի անտառներ Ջերմուկում 04.jpg|106
Վայոց Ձորի անտառներ Ջերմուկում 05.jpg|107
Վայոց Ձորի անտառներ Ջերմուկում 06.jpg|108
Վայոց Ձորի անտառներ Ջերմուկում 07.jpg|109
Տավուշի մարզի անտառ 01.jpg|110
Տավուշի մարզի անտառ 02.jpg|111
Տավուշի մարզի անտառ 03.jpg|112
Տավուշի մարզի անտառ 04.jpg|113
Տավուշի մարզի անտառ 05.jpg|114
Փոքրասիական գորտ (Rana macrocnemis) Վայոց Ձորում.jpg|115
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qenewf739ziwyfx5uvx4pya0jcpjtpi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hebium (commune)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>314374</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996157</id>
      <parentid>3868790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:41:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996157</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1424" sha1="0bog76scf9g7yz6g0hagl2umjgz69ap" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Hebium Commune'''{{FD ref}} ([[Suecice]]: ''Heby kommun'') est commune in [[Upsaliae Comitatus|provincia Upsaliae]], [[Suecia|Sueciae]] orientali centrali. Oppidum principale est Hebium (lingua Suecica: ''Heby'').

== Historia ==
Prima communa huius nominis anno 1952 condita est, cum tres unitates praecedentes in [[Vestmanniae Comitatus|Provincia Vestmanniae]] unitae sunt, quod pars primae reformationis administrativae in Suecia erat. Nomen Hebium ex oppido Hebium, quod pars urbis (''Suecice'': ''municipalsamhälle'') ab anno 1887 fuerat, derivatum est. Anno 1971, tres aliae unitates additae sunt, et communa anno 2007 in provinciam Upsaliae transivit, post diuturnam disceptationem publicam et suffragium anno 1998, quo maior pars transpositionem sustinuit.

== Geographia ==
[[Dalecarlius]] fluvius, quod ad septentrionalem communae partem fluit, limitem naturalem format. Praeterea, communa late silvis constata est, ubi animalia ut alces, cervi, vulpes, ursi et lynces inveniuntur.

== Demographia et Politica ==
Numerus incolarum communae anno 2022 erat circa 14,000, ex quibus circa 11,000 cives Suecici suffragium ferre potuerunt. In comitiis generalibus eiusdem anni, 43 centesimae suffragii ad coitionem sinistram datae sunt, cum 55 centesimae coitionem dexteram sustinerent.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Loci habitati Sueciae]]</text>
      <sha1>0bog76scf9g7yz6g0hagl2umjgz69ap</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alster fluvius (Suecia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>314686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996186</id>
      <parentid>3855508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:45:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1721" sha1="8x5iqc8vcde9oc86wzxgplkl0hw9yom" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RÄJ Fröseke station 1925.jpg|thumb|apud Fröseke, 1925]]
{{Res|Alster fluvius}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse|t=Alster|p=56}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Alsterån'') est [[flumen]] [[Smolandia|Smolandiae]] orientalis quod in [[Mare Balticum]] fluit. Oritur e lacu Alsterno, 219 metris supra mare, et per 110 chiliometra&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240929205212/https://runeberg.org/nfba/0392.html Res.]&lt;/ref&gt; ad orientem fluit, ubi prope vicum Ålem, in loco Pataholm dicto, in mare exit. Area fluminis est circiter 1500 chiliometra quadrata&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180928202529/http://www.smhi.se/sgn0102/n0205/lan_haro_huvud.pdf Res.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ad ostium, fluxus medius est circiter 10 metra cubica per secundam.

''Badebodaån'' est praecipuus fluvius auxiliaris.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240929205212/https://runeberg.org/nfba/0392.html Res.]&lt;/ref&gt; Iuxta ripas Alstri inveniuntur vici ''Sävsjöström'', ''Alsterfors'', ''Alstermo'', ''Fröseke'', ''Alsterbro'', ''Blomstermåla'' et ''Ålem''.

Praeter lacum Alsternum, in regione fluminis sunt etiam lacus ''Uvasjön'', ''Store Hindsjön'', Hultsnäsesjön, et maximus omnium, ''Allgunnen'', 85 metris supra mare.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240929205212/https://runeberg.org/nfba/0392.html Res.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Alster fluvius abundat [[tructa|trutis]] marinis ([[Lingua Suecica|Suecice]] ''havsvandrande öring'')&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240929204746/https://alsteran.com/ Res.]&lt;/ref&gt; usque ad officinam vim aquae Hornsö dictam, quae transitum piscium impedit. Via apta piscibus nondum exstat.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Phabricator hospitio me excepit/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>323416</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996002</id>
      <parentid>3974872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:23:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+Cat</comment>
      <origin>3996002</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2930" sha1="od8uzmqbc0s4zp0d8agyb9g39iq1tfo" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula numquam substituenda|...}}

Si [[:mw:Phabricator|Phabricator]] semel vel saepius te vidit usorem aut ustricem, hanc formulam in tuo [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|spatio nominali]] ostendere potes.

Paginae quae hanc formulam adhibent in [[:Categoria:Phabricatores]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus ([[sexus|sexu]] usoris sponte invento):'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|f}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|f|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|m}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|m|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

== De argumentis ==
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Si Phabricator semel vel saepius te vidit usorem aut ustricem, hanc formulam in tuo spatio nominali ostendere potes.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Sexus&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Sexus usoris (si omittitur iussus MediaVicialis ‘{{GENDER}}’ legetur)&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;{{GENDER:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;f&quot;
		},
		&quot;u&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris apud Phabricatorem&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;{{ROOTPAGENAME}}&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Tullius&quot;
		},
		&quot;norma&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Norma&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;sinistra&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Scribe ‘|norma=sinistra’ aut ‘|norma=dextera’ (vel ‘|norma=dextra’); si omittitur ‘|norma=sinistra’ legetur&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;dextra&quot;
		},
		&quot;dispositio&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Dispositio capsae&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Scribe ‘|dispositio=horizontalis’ aut ‘|dispositio=verticalis’; si omittitur ‘|dispositio=verticalis’ legetur&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;verticalis&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;horizontalis&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Phabricatores}}
* [[:Categoria:Capsae usoris]]
* {{Fn|Translatewiki.net hospitio me excepit}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae in spatio nominali usoris adhibendae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Capsae usoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>od8uzmqbc0s4zp0d8agyb9g39iq1tfo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996004</id>
      <parentid>3996002</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:25:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3996004</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2970" sha1="nwi1c4o4xydflc8xxk3x0s3db3h5jrx" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula numquam substituenda|...}}

Si [[:mw:Phabricator|Phabricator]] semel vel saepius te vidit usorem aut ustricem, hanc formulam in tuo [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|spatio nominali]] ostendere potes.

Paginae quae hanc formulam adhibent in [[:Categoria:Phabricatores]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus ([[sexus|sexu]] usoris sponte invento):'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|f}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|f|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in tua pagina usoris scribendus):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|m}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{|
|-
| {{Phabricator hospitio me excepit|m|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

== De argumentis ==
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Si Phabricator semel vel saepius te vidit usorem aut ustricem, hanc formulam in tuo spatio nominali ostendere potes.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Sexus&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Sexus usoris (si omittitur iussus MediaVicialis ‘{{GENDER}}’ legetur)&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;{{GENDER:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;f&quot;
		},
		&quot;u&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris apud Phabricatorem&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;{{ROOTPAGENAME}}&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Tullius&quot;
		},
		&quot;norma&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Norma&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;sinistra&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Scribe ‘|norma=sinistra’ aut ‘|norma=dextera’ (vel ‘|norma=dextra’); si omittitur ‘|norma=sinistra’ legetur&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;dextra&quot;
		},
		&quot;dispositio&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Dispositio capsae&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Scribe ‘|dispositio=horizontalis’ aut ‘|dispositio=verticalis’; si omittitur ‘|dispositio=verticalis’ legetur&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;verticalis&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;horizontalis&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Phabricatores}}
* [[:Categoria:Capsae usoris]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris]]
* {{Fn|Translatewiki.net hospitio me excepit}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae in spatio nominali usoris adhibendae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Capsae usoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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[[File:Spider-Man at Ramoji Movie Magic.jpg|thumb|Spider-Man|right]]

{{res|Spider-Man}} (Peter Parker) est [[persona]] et [[heros]] (vulgo [[superheros]]) a [[Stan Lee]] et [[Stephanus Ditko|Stephano Ditko]], apud societatem [[Marvel Comics]] opera dantibus, creatus. Petrus Parker magnas vires facultatesque acquisivit postquam [[araneae|aranea]] [[radiactivitas|radiactiva]] eum momordit.

== Sententia == 
* “Unā cum magna valetudine magnum mandatum venit.”

== Bibliographia ==
* DeFalco, Tom; Lee, Stan (2001). O'Neill, Cynthia (ed.). ''Spider-Man: The Ultimate Guide''. Novi Eboraci: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7894-7946-4.
* Wilkins, Jonathan, ed. (2022). ''Spider-Man: The First 60 Years''. Titan Books. ISBN 978-1787739369.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Marvel Comics]]
* [[Stan Lee]]
* [[Stephanus Ditko]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-shows-first-chunks-of-new-spider-man-and-resident-evil-films-at-cineeurope/5217931.article De Spider-Man ex ScreenDaily creatus a Stan Lee et Steve Ditko pro societate Marvel Comicis]
* [https://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/the-science-of-spider Scientia de Spider-Man]
* [http://marvel.com Marvel situs interretialis]

[[Categoria:Superheroes]]

{{Pers-fict-stipula}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ATD Quart monde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996067</id>
      <parentid>3995664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T18:06:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>corrigendum</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Marie-Aleth Grard - ATD Quart Monde.jpg|thumb|Maria Aleth Grard apud ARD Quart monde]]
'''ATD Quart monde''' (ATD&lt;ref&gt;[[Abbreviatio]] quae [[Francogallice]]: ''Aide à toute détresse'' (&quot;auxilium ad omnem discrimen) vel ''Agir tous pour la dignité'' (&quot;pro dignitate omnia agere&quot;) signat.&lt;/ref&gt; quartus mundus&lt;ref&gt;&quot;quartus mundus&quot; mundum [[paupertas|pauperiter]] quam mundo tertio, id est [[civitas provectibilis]]&lt;/ref&gt;) est [[organizatio re publica vacans]] condita anno [[1957]] [[Nucenum Magnum|Nuceni Magni]] ab [[Iosephus Wresinski|Iosepho Wrestiski]] ad [[mitigatio paupertatis|paupertatem mitigandum]] et [[dignitas|dignitatem humanam]] protegendum contra [[exclusio socialis|exclusionem socialem]] et [[solidaritas|solidaritatem]] pro mundo meliore postulat.

Hodie organizatio ATD Quart monde in [[Pierrelaye]] sedet et satum observatorium ad [[Nationes Unitae]], [[Ordo internationalis a laboribus|Orfinem internationalem a laborem]] et [[Consilium Europae]]. Et anno [[1992]], [[Dies internationalis paupertati abolendae]] ab hac organizatione decreta est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.atd-quartmonde.org Stus publicus] ([[Francogallice]])
*[https://www.atd-fourthworld.org Situs publicus] ([[Anglice]])

[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]
[[Categoria:Paupertas]]
[[Categoria:Societates internationales]]
[[Categoria:Societates pacis fautores]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-22T03:07:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Perpauca emendavi, multae mendae manent</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Marie-Aleth Grard - ATD Quart Monde.jpg|thumb|Maria Aleth Grard apud ARD Quart monde]]

{{res|ATD Quart monde}} ({{Comp|ATD|“Aide à toute détresse”}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Abbreviatio]] quae [[Francogallice]]: {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Aide à toute détresse}} (“auxilium ad omnem miseriam”) vel {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Agir tous pour la dignité}} (“pro dignitate omnia agere”) signat.&lt;/ref&gt; quartus mundus&lt;ref&gt;“Quartus mundus” [[paupertas|pauperior]] est quam mundus tertius, id est [[civitas provectibilis|civitates provectibiles]].&lt;/ref&gt;) est [[organizatio re publica vacans]] condita anno [[1957]] [[Nucenum Magnum|Nuceni Magni]] ab [[Iosephus Wresinski|Iosepho Wrestiski]] ad [[mitigatio paupertatis|paupertatem mitigandum]] et [[dignitas|dignitatem humanam]] protegendum contra [[exclusio socialis|exclusionem socialem]] et [[solidaritas|solidaritatem]] pro mundo meliore postulat.

Hodie organizatio ATD Quart monde in [[Pierrelaye]] sedet et satum observatorium ad [[Nationes Unitae]], [[Ordo internationalis a laboribus|Orfinem internationalem a laborem]] et [[Consilium Europae]]. Et anno [[1992]], [[Dies internationalis paupertati abolendae]] ab hac organizatione decreta est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.atd-quartmonde.org Stus publicus] ([[Francogallice]])
*[https://www.atd-fourthworld.org Situs publicus] ([[Anglice]])

[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]
[[Categoria:Paupertas]]
[[Categoria:Societates internationales]]
[[Categoria:Societates pacis fautores]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996149</id>
      <parentid>3996148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T03:09:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3996149</origin>
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      <text bytes="1538" sha1="dh19xo2pjuyz11c3qus81y2gsu5dcqr" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Marie-Aleth Grard - ATD Quart Monde.jpg|thumb|Maria Aleth Grard apud ARD Quart monde]]

{{res|ATD Quart monde}} (‘{{Comp|ATD|“Aide à toute détresse”}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Abbreviatio]] quae [[Francogallice]] significat {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Aide à toute détresse}} (‘auxilium ad omnem miseriam’) vel {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Agir tous pour la dignité}} (‘pro dignitate omnia agere’).&lt;/ref&gt; quartus mundus’&lt;ref&gt;“Quartus mundus” [[paupertas|pauperior]] est quam mundus tertius, id est [[civitas provectibilis|civitates provectibiles]].&lt;/ref&gt;) est [[organizatio re publica vacans]] condita anno [[1957]] [[Nucenum Magnum|Nuceni Magni]] ab [[Iosephus Wresinski|Iosepho Wrestiski]] ad [[mitigatio paupertatis|paupertatem mitigandum]] et [[dignitas|dignitatem humanam]] protegendum contra [[exclusio socialis|exclusionem socialem]] et [[solidaritas|solidaritatem]] pro mundo meliore postulat.

Hodie organizatio ATD Quart monde in [[Pierrelaye]] sedet et satum observatorium ad [[Nationes Unitae]], [[Ordo internationalis a laboribus|Orfinem internationalem a laborem]] et [[Consilium Europae]]. Et anno [[1992]], [[Dies internationalis paupertati abolendae]] ab hac organizatione decreta est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.atd-quartmonde.org Stus publicus] ([[Francogallice]])
*[https://www.atd-fourthworld.org Situs publicus] ([[Anglice]])

[[Categoria:Condita 1957]]
[[Categoria:Paupertas]]
[[Categoria:Societates internationales]]
[[Categoria:Societates pacis fautores]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tunica coniunctiva</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329524</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <origin>3995992</origin>
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      <text bytes="2545" sha1="nyhh5fsjacoi3knz88avrz8er0oie71" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Conjuctival capillary network.jpg|thumb|[[Capillare|Capillaria]] tunicae coniunctivae]]
'''Tunica coniunctiva'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.imaios.com/fr/e-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/conjonctive-1557867732#from=2 Fons nominis Latini] apud IMAIOS&lt;/ref&gt; vel brevius '''[[Coniunctiva|coniunctiva]]''' (olim '''tunica adnata''' appellata) est membrana [[mucosa]] quae [[Palpebra|palpebram]] interiorem et partem [[Sclera|sclerae]] visibilem (album oculi) protegit et lubricat. Nam [[Mucus|mucum]] secernit qui impedit ne palpebra et superficies oculi anterioris cohaereant neve motu suo invicem confricent. Pars palpebralis  multis [[Vas sanguineum|vasculis sanguineis]] irrigata est, pars ocularis (''tunica coniunctiva bulbi oculi'') pellucida et tenuis pauciora vasa habet quae tamen visibilia sunt. Iunctio inter partem palpebralem et ocularem [[Fornix coniunctiva|fornix coniunctiva]] dicitur: laxa et mollis est ita ut motus non impediat.

Irritatio et [[inflammatio]] coniunctivae [[Coniunctivitis|coniunctivitis]] dicitur: ruborem et dolorem adfert.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Amir A Azari, Amir Arabi. &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7431717/ Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review]&quot;, ''Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research'', 2020: 372–395
*J.-L Fauquert, L Helleboid. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0335745703001990 Les conjonctivites allergiques chroniques : quelques notions sur le diagnostic et le traitement]&quot;, ''Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique'', 2003: 397-400
*J.-L. Fauquert, L. Jouaville, F. Chiambaretta. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0335745707000329 Exploration des conjonctivites allergiques : comment explorer ?]&quot;, ''Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique'', 2007: 224-227
*L. Helleboid, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S033574570180023X Érythèmes conjonctivaux non allergiques]&quot;, ''Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique'', 2001: 60-65
* C. Levy-Gabriel, &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0181551209004215 Taches suspectes de la conjonctive]&quot;, ''Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie'', 2010: 125-130

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://anatomie-fmpm.uca.ma/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ANATOMIE-DE-LA-CONJONCTIVE.pdf UCA] (anatomia)
* [https://ophtalmologie.pro/affections-conjonctive/ De coniunctivae pathologia]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/conjunctiva Gross anatomy]

[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Investigatum</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-21T12:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Investigatum]] ad [[Formula:Investigatur]]: Nomen magis idoneum</comment>
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      <text bytes="34" sha1="14xpt8048hf5iykdu1xym172sm6o1wk" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Investigatur]]</text>
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    <title>Formula:Investigatur/doc</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Prima adumbratio</comment>
      <origin>3996000</origin>
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      <text bytes="2500" sha1="bsimk1fkmn7g9ezvzar265mrr4n10oz" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula numquam substituenda|...}}
{{Lua|Params}}

Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem [[:phabricator:|Phabricatoris]] vel Bugzillae nectict.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|T4321}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|T4321}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}
|}

== De argumentis ==
{{De formula adhibenda

	| summarium = Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem Phabricatoris vel Bugzillae nectict.
	| dispositio = horizontalis

	| titulus 1 = Opus 1
	| descriptio 1 = Primum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 1 = textualis
	| praesentia 1 = necessaria
	| exemplum 1 = T4321

	| titulus 2 = Opus 1
	| descriptio 2 = Primum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 2 = textualis
	| praesentia 2 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 2 = T4321

	| titulus 3 = Opus 3
	| descriptio 3 = Et cetera
	| forma 3 = textualis
	| praesentia 3 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 3 = T4321

	| nomen 10 = res
	| titulus 10 = Res
	| descriptio 10 = Status rei (‘soluta’ / ‘invalida’ / ‘duplicata’ / ‘reiecta’ / ‘retenta’ / ‘perlustratur’)
	| forma 10 = textualis
	| praesentia 10 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 10 = soluta

}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Investigatum}}
* {{Fn|Tracked}} – nomen interviciale

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* [[:Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae partes paginarum afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bsimk1fkmn7g9ezvzar265mrr4n10oz</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996012</id>
      <parentid>3996000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T13:54:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3996012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2502" sha1="pgqyxsuz6bqo2lxlhxw6okfr61sgret" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula numquam substituenda|...}}
{{Lua|Params}}

Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem [[:phabricator:|Phabricatoris]] vel Bugzillae nectict.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|T4321}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|T4321}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}
|}

== De argumentis ==
{{De formula adhibenda

	| summarium = Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem Phabricatoris vel Bugzillae nectict.
	| dispositio = horizontalis

	| titulus 1 = Opus 1
	| descriptio 1 = Primum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 1 = textualis
	| praesentia 1 = necessaria
	| exemplum 1 = T4321

	| titulus 2 = Opus 2
	| descriptio 2 = Secundum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 2 = textualis
	| praesentia 2 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 2 = T4321

	| titulus 3 = Opus 3
	| descriptio 3 = Et cetera
	| forma 3 = textualis
	| praesentia 3 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 3 = T4321

	| nomen 10 = res
	| titulus 10 = Res
	| descriptio 10 = Status rei (‘soluta’ / ‘invalida’ / ‘duplicata’ / ‘reiecta’ / ‘retenta’ / ‘perlustratur’)
	| forma 10 = textualis
	| praesentia 10 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 10 = soluta

}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Investigatum}}
* {{Fn|Tracked}} – nomen interviciale

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* [[:Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae partes paginarum afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pgqyxsuz6bqo2lxlhxw6okfr61sgret</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996013</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De argumentis */</comment>
      <origin>3996013</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2501" sha1="4pep8kex70kbnl1f2rbg461ecs7rerf" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula numquam substituenda|...}}
{{Lua|Params}}

Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem [[:phabricator:|Phabricatoris]] vel Bugzillae nectict.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|T4321}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|T4321}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322}}
|}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Investigatur|345|T4322|T3451|5348|res=soluta}}
|}

== De argumentis ==
{{De formula adhibenda

	| summarium = Haec formula capsam apud marginem dextrum ostendit quae quamlibet disputationem ad similem investigationem Phabricatoris vel Bugzillae nectict.
	| dispositio = horizontalis

	| titulus 1 = Opus 1
	| descriptio 1 = Primum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 1 = textualis
	| praesentia 1 = necessaria
	| exemplum 1 = T4321

	| titulus 2 = Opus 2
	| descriptio 2 = Secundum opus Phabricatoris quo res investigatur (sive littera T quam numerus sequitur sive numerus tantum cui duo milia addentur)
	| forma 2 = textualis
	| praesentia 2 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 2 = T3451

	| titulus 3 = Opus 3
	| descriptio 3 = Et cetera
	| forma 3 = textualis
	| praesentia 3 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 3 = 5348

	| nomen 10 = res
	| titulus 10 = Res
	| descriptio 10 = Status rei (‘soluta’ / ‘invalida’ / ‘duplicata’ / ‘reiecta’ / ‘retenta’ / ‘perlustratur’)
	| forma 10 = textualis
	| praesentia 10 = voluntaria
	| exemplum 10 = soluta

}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Investigatum}}
* {{Fn|Tracked}} – nomen interviciale

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* [[:Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae partes paginarum afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Formulae Phabricatoris</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Prima adumbratio</comment>
      <origin>3996001</origin>
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      <text bytes="106" sha1="qpp718f552w27nd2bb5k8xxlilnbgtn" xml:space="preserve">{{Categoria formularum}}
{{Videatur etiam|Categoria:Phabricatores|mw:Phabricator}}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
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      <comment>ווסטוק movit paginam [[Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק]] ad [[Usor:ווסטוק/Harenarium/lingua]]: Harenarium</comment>
      <origin>3996028</origin>
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      <text bytes="74" sha1="skfor7xfrh8tv1uoa7fnr63mh3mhl9r" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Usor:ווסטוק/Harenarium/lingua]]

{{De hac redirectione}}</text>
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        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
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      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Usor:ווסטוק/Harenarium/lingua]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="32" sha1="9mhf76orr742p9ip3hb6sjtzrv5hp7o" xml:space="preserve">{{user:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/lingua}}</text>
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        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996054</origin>
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      <text bytes="37" sha1="rdl65qeub6b60ee8inb6n62zreb0l3q" xml:space="preserve">{{user talk:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/lingua}}</text>
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    <title>Usor:ווסטוק/Capsa lateralis</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996036</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:04:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ווסטוק movit paginam [[Usor:ווסטוק/Capsa lateralis]] ad [[Usor:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]: Harenarium</comment>
      <origin>3996036</origin>
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      <text bytes="54" sha1="a8rnptwvrkwkhgmqqnc1oidjdhm5zpv" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Usor:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Usor:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]</comment>
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{{#babel:la-1|en-3}}
[[user:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</text>
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        <username>ווסטוק</username>
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      <text bytes="53" sha1="apcqbitoj06sztufrhz3ma4taegamu5" xml:space="preserve">{{user:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/lingua}}
{{#babel:la-1|en-3}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/lingua</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>329538</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996050</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:29:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ווסטוק movit paginam [[Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/lingua]] ad [[Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]: Harenarium</comment>
      <origin>3996050</origin>
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      <text bytes="92" sha1="l20n75lw9lxdqj6hhew0wumxxdh2sr0" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]

{{De hac redirectione}}</text>
      <sha1>l20n75lw9lxdqj6hhew0wumxxdh2sr0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996052</id>
      <parentid>3996050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:32:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/lingua/Capsa lateralis]]</comment>
      <origin>3996052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="50" sha1="3jotsc443m0hhnz7r4rt7vktdyhtmv7" xml:space="preserve">{{Disputatio Usoris:ווסטוק/Capsa lateralis}}</text>
      <sha1>3jotsc443m0hhnz7r4rt7vktdyhtmv7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3996053</id>
      <parentid>3996052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T16:33:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ווסטוק</username>
        <id>215963</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="37" sha1="5r0q0nt4sgiz3vss38f7faiwnlrj0q8" xml:space="preserve">{{Usor:ווסטוק/Capsa lateralis}}</text>
      <sha1>5r0q0nt4sgiz3vss38f7faiwnlrj0q8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Audoenus (sanctus)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329539</id>
    <redirect title="Audoenus (episcopus Rothomagensis)" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996062</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T17:00:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3996062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="21psbfm3jgekag7ek71f30kbojjiwoz" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Audoenus (episcopus Rothomagensis)]]</text>
      <sha1>21psbfm3jgekag7ek71f30kbojjiwoz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Parsau</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329540</id>
    <redirect title="Parsavia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996080</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:01:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Parsau]] ad [[Parsavia]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3996080</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="22" sha1="3umbehiyk25500m0t1qaq8ei38r4bee" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Parsavia]]</text>
      <sha1>3umbehiyk25500m0t1qaq8ei38r4bee</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pegestorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329541</id>
    <redirect title="Perdestorphe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996092</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T22:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Pegestorf]] ad [[Perdestorphe]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3996092</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="algi4xaqfrvooqietdm93bzh9chfeec" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Perdestorphe]]</text>
      <sha1>algi4xaqfrvooqietdm93bzh9chfeec</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>David Mouradian</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329542</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996104</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-21T23:45:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3996104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="961" sha1="18ycxzcbw0dvjptq8rflem99lvroidk" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|David Mouradian}} ([[Armenice]] Դավիթ Մուրադյան; natus [[Erivanum|Erivani]] die [[12 Decembris]] [[1951]]; mortuus die [[21 Octobris]] [[2026]]) fuit [[philologus]] et [[scriptor]] scaenicus [[Armenia|Armenicus]]. Alumnus et [[professor]] ab anno [[1986]] [[Universitas Nationalis Erivanensis|Universitatis Nationalis Erivanensis]] fuit.

== Scripta selecta ==
* [[1976]]: ''Tibi dicere volo''
* [[2003]]: ''Clavile vetus nostrum'' (ISBN 99930-76-75-9)
* [[2009]]: ''Exegesis somniorum'' (ISBN 978-5-540-02118-0)

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141129171048/http://avproduction.am/?ln=am&amp;page=person&amp;id=936 De Davide Mouradian] {{ling|Armenice}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1951|2026|Mouradian, David}}
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Erivanensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Erivanensis]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Armeniae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]]</text>
      <sha1>18ycxzcbw0dvjptq8rflem99lvroidk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Castrum Bognum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329543</id>
    <redirect title="Poynum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996109</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:52:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Poynum]]</comment>
      <origin>3996109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Poynum]]</text>
      <sha1>mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Boyanum Castrum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329544</id>
    <redirect title="Poynum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996110</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:53:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Poynum]]</comment>
      <origin>3996110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Poynum]]</text>
      <sha1>mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Peyna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329545</id>
    <redirect title="Poynum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996111</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:53:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Poynum]]</comment>
      <origin>3996111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Poynum]]</text>
      <sha1>mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329546</id>
    <redirect title="Poynum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996112</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:54:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Poynum]]</comment>
      <origin>3996112</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Poynum]]</text>
      <sha1>mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Peina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329547</id>
    <redirect title="Poynum" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996113</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T00:55:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Poynum]]</comment>
      <origin>3996113</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Poynum]]</text>
      <sha1>mezngxiyd0rqryfr2kadchqqrooyuml</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prezelle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329548</id>
    <redirect title="Prezella" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996121</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T01:43:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Prezelle]] ad [[Prezella]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3996121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="c90oskgjq3tzftxoj3yyn1h67cfv9hg" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Prezella]]</text>
      <sha1>c90oskgjq3tzftxoj3yyn1h67cfv9hg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quendorf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329549</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996129</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:28:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Quendorf]] ad [[Quenethorpe]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3996129</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quenethorp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329550</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996132</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:36:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quenedorp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329551</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996133</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:37:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quendhorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329552</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996134</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996134</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quenthorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329553</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996135</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:38:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quendorpe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329554</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996136</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:39:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quendrup</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329555</id>
    <redirect title="Quenethorpe" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996137</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:40:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Quenethorpe]]</comment>
      <origin>3996137</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Quenethorpe]]</text>
      <sha1>7mgi5o5wg8xrumudqvememu0al1qm2o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Querenhorst</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329556</id>
    <redirect title="Querenhorstium" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996141</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T02:51:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Querenhorst]] ad [[Querenhorstium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam</comment>
      <origin>3996141</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="gaoo2re5ky9k0bd4ehm5m09boz08uu0" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Querenhorstium]]</text>
      <sha1>gaoo2re5ky9k0bd4ehm5m09boz08uu0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>VP:MD</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329559</id>
    <redirect title="Vicipaedia:Mortui dicti" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996162</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T09:48:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3996162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" sha1="1pjgsoythkjf5o7hjipme2nam17kxsm" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Vicipaedia:Mortui dicti]]

{{Capsa redirectionis}}</text>
      <sha1>1pjgsoythkjf5o7hjipme2nam17kxsm</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dalecarlius Orientalis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329560</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3996166</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T10:57:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3996166</origin>
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      <text bytes="1189" sha1="j6m3aiq1xt97gv6xoz9ar5ba8o5y5jj" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Orientalis| [[Fasciculus:Älvmötet från ovan (4).JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlii Orientalis (a dextra) et Dalecarlii Occidentalis (a laeva) confluxus]] | 300|  |  | 12 430  | Confluentia fluminum ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven''| [[Dalecarlius]]| [[Dalecarlia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius Orientalis}}&lt;ref&gt;V. fontes de [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlio]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Österdalälven'') est flumen [[Suecia]]e in [[Dalecarlia]] septentrionali situm, circa300 [[chm|chiliometra]] longum. Duos fontes habet, flumina ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven'', qui prope ''Idre'' confluunt. Inde Dalecarlius Orientalis versus austrorientemque fluit et per ''Siljan'' lacum transit. Prope ad ''Djurås'' cum [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlio Orientali]] coniungitur, quod [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlii]] fluminis fons est.

[[Thymallus|Thymalli]] et [[trutta]]e in flumine gignuntur. A saeculo XVII usque ad annum 1960 ad [[lignorum demissio| ]]nem adhibebatur, antequam [[moles (agger)|moles]] hydro[[electrificina]]rum constructae sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}


[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>j6m3aiq1xt97gv6xoz9ar5ba8o5y5jj</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3996169</id>
      <parentid>3996166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:12:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3996169</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1187" sha1="8brdgrd5bjw9jl9lpnf9h8vixti6pkc" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Orientalis| [[Fasciculus:Älvmötet från ovan (4).JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlii Orientalis (a dextra) et Dalecarlii Occidentalis (a laeva) confluxus]] | 300|  |  | 12 430  | Confluentia fluminum ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven''| [[Dalecarlius]]| [[Dalecarlia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius Orientalis}}&lt;ref&gt;V. fontes de [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlio]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Österdalälven'') est flumen [[Suecia]]e in [[Dalecarlia]] septentrionali situm, circa300 [[chm|chiliometra]] longum. Duos fontes habet, flumina ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven'', qui prope ''Idre'' confluunt. Inde Dalecarlius Orientalis versus austrorientemque fluit et per ''Siljan'' lacum transit. Prope ad ''Djurås'' cum [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlio Orientali]] coniungitur, quod [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlii]] fluminis fons est.

[[Thymallus|Thymalli]] et [[trutta]]e in flumine gignuntur. A saeculo XVII usque ad annum 1960 ad [[lignorum demissio]]nem usurpabatur, antequam [[moles (agger)|moles]] hydro[[electrificina]]rum constructae sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}


[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis]]</text>
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        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
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      <text bytes="1318" sha1="fo7fokjd84tfideoecfiwm50h80jb0l" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen | Dalecarlius Orientalis| [[Fasciculus:Älvmötet från ovan (4).JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Dalecarlii Orientalis (a dextra) et Dalecarlii Occidentalis (a laeva) confluxus]] | 300|  |  | 12 430  | Confluentia fluminum ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven''| [[Dalecarlius]]| [[Dalecarlia]] ([[Suecia]])}}
{{res|Dalecarlius Orientalis}}&lt;ref&gt;V. fontes de [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlio]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Österdalälven'') est flumen [[Suecia]]e in [[Dalecarlia]] septentrionali situm, circa300 [[chm|chiliometra]] longum. Duos fontes habet, flumina ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven'', qui prope ''Idre'' confluunt. Inde Dalecarlius Orientalis versus austrorientemque fluit et per ''Siljan'' lacum transit. Prope ad ''Djurås'' cum [[Dalecarlius Orientalis|Dalecarlio Orientali]] coniungitur, quod [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlii]] fluminis fons est.

[[Thymallus|Thymalli]] et [[trutta]]e in flumine gignuntur. A saeculo XVII usque ad annum 1960 ad [[lignorum demissio]]nem usurpabatur, antequam [[moles (agger)|moles]] hydro[[electrificina]]rum constructae sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/österdalälven Dalecarlius Orientalis] in ''Encyclopaedia Suecica nationali''


[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis]]</text>
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        <id>81729</id>
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{{res|Dalecarlius Orientalis}}&lt;ref&gt;V. fontes de [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlio]].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Suecice]] ''Österdalälven'') est flumen [[Suecia]]e in [[Dalecarlia]] septentrionali situm, circa300 [[chm|chiliometra]] longum. Duos fontes habet, flumina ''Storån'' et ''Sörälven'', qui prope ''Idre'' confluunt. Inde Dalecarlius Orientalis versus austrorientemque fluit et per ''Siljan'' lacum transit. Prope ad ''Djurås'' cum [[Dalecarlius Occidentalis|Dalecarlio Occidentali]] coniungitur, quod [[Dalecarlius|Dalecarlii]] fluminis fons est.

[[Thymallus|Thymalli]] et [[trutta]]e in flumine gignuntur. A saeculo XVII usque ad annum 1960 ad [[lignorum demissio]]nem usurpabatur, antequam [[moles (agger)|moles]] hydro[[electrificina]]rum constructae sunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/österdalälven Dalecarlius Orientalis] in ''Encyclopaedia Suecica nationali''


[[Categoria:Flumina Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Systema Dalecarlii fluminis]]</text>
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      <id>3996167</id>
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      <text bytes="45" sha1="e9dyp66eylwoey1qm6bms9q3llc9ekn" xml:space="preserve">[[Categoria:Systema fluviorum Baltici maris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Provincia Bothniae Septentrionalis</title>
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    <id>329562</id>
    <redirect title="Botnia septentrionalis" />
    <revision>
      <id>3996177</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T11:32:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
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      <text bytes="36" sha1="1dpbqsgdclft1lkof2ixy50r3mzlx90" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Botnia septentrionalis]]</text>
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