Vicifons:Scriptorium

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Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
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|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
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'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
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__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

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# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

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== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] Checking you know this is working now [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:21, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
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We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Blackletter is already here, [[:Formula:Gothica]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:57, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Hi! @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]], thanks! Just for clarification, do I need to make the template pages in Latin, or is it alright to copy them in English? Also, @[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], I mentioned this above, but for some reason, the Gothica template isn't working for me. See [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/15]], for example. Any idea why that might be the case? [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 16:16, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] This wiki lacks proper guidelines and recommendations, I would prefer if you translated the template's name, e.g., [[Formula:spatium]] rather than [[Formula:spatio]] but given the international nature of the project (nobody's mother tongue is Latin) best practice should be to add translated names as shortcuts/redirects. Beware adding templates that are already on the wiki under a different name ([[Formula:grc]] was already at [[Formula:Graeca]]). I took a quick look and it seems the fonts used by the blackletter template are not installed on the wiki; the same template does not seem to work on the French Wikisource either. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 17:40, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::Maybe we have sufficient powers to add the fonts now? Or we can ask someone with additional permissions to do so. But yes I remember now this has been a long standing problem. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:54, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::[https://yaytext.com/fraktur/ This converter] 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔢𝔯𝔱𝔰 𝔩𝔢𝔱𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔉𝔯𝔞𝔨𝔱𝔲𝔯 (because it exists in Unicode as separate characters). &lt;s&gt;However, I'm not sure if such text can be found using a regular search.&lt;/s&gt; No, Wikipedia search finds it. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::I looked into using the converter, but I'm running into the issue of lack of compatibility with {{[[Formula:Ls|Ls]]}}. Would it be better to just wait for the font to be added? Do we have any idea when that will happen/who needs to be contacted for that to happen?
::::Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 19:34, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::These Unicode characters don't feel right on my labtop, they have heigth issues among other things. I went and asked on two different wikis about the fonts, I will come back to you when I get some answers. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 19:41, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:[[Formula:Poema recte formatum]] or [[Formula:Ppoem]] now work, altho there's issues with the documentation page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:52, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 21:20, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


:{{tl|blackletter}} was not working for me, even after locally installing UnifrakturMaguntia from Google fonts, until I restarted my web browser, which also followed my rebooting. Also, it can't be just any gothic/blackletter font, but must be one of these Fraktur fonts: UnifrakturMaguntia UnifrakturCook  Unifraktur. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|Demetrius Talpa|JimKillock|Erblanchard57}} Fonts are downloaded locally, you need to go to Modi/Praeferentiae &gt; Proprietates &gt; Sermonis delectus &gt; Plura &gt; Scripturae and toggle &quot;Download fonts when needed&quot;. The option seems not to be that easy to toggle on by default. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 10:56, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, great. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:09, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you very much! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::English WS seems to pull the font in from a repository. I've copied over the module ULS, css etc, would be good to know if it has made any difference. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::{{blackletter|fraktur}} etc [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I just deactivated the &quot;download fonts when needed&quot; option for a second to see if it would work without it, and it still doesn't. [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 04:32, 19 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

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Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== De transclusione libri nondum bis perlecti ==

Salvete omnes, I finished the first proofreading pass of Michael Praetorius's [[Liber:PRAETORIUS,_Michael_-_Syntagma_musicum_1.djvu|''Syntagma musicum'' (volume 1)]]. Every page now has the &quot;Proofread&quot; status, except that a few are also &quot;Validated&quot;. I expect it will take quite a while before the whole book gets that second read, if it ever will.

My question: is it already acceptable to transclude the text into the main namespace at this stage, even though most pages are only single-proofread rather than validated? Or is there a convention on this Wikisource that a work should be fully validated before merging onto the mainspace?

Gratias vobis ago pro consiliis vestris. [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 09:16, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

:Of course, this is acceptable; the texts there are of very different quality. Besides, transclusion slightly increases the chances that someone will find it for re-examination. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:40, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for confirmation! -- [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 07:02, 26 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[mw:User:MSantos (WMF)|Content Transform Team]] 16:31, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido ==
[[Usor:Saumache]] paginam “[[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido]]” [[Specialis:Diff/86153/253177|ad deletionem celerem proposuit]], sed scriptum mihi videtur ex alia editione ortum esse atque ideo non esse delendum. Pittacium idcirco e pagina detraxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:50, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:Nam eaedem quidem editiones sunt, quibusdam minusculis in maiusculas versis litteris formaque apostropharum solum differunt. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 21:08, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default ==

Hi @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] and others, I noticed that [[:Formula:Littera s longa]] has been changed so that &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; produces ſ rather than s by default. This is in contrast to for example English Wikipedia which allows it as a user option, but assumes it is &quot;s&quot; by default. 

For other formulae, eg {{um}}, {{us}}, {{que}}, etc these are &quot;off&quot; by default. Likewise {{ae}}, {{oe}} I believe are off by default currently.

There various ways that this can work, for example:
* we could provide a user switch for either state per symbol, etc (with JS, as per EN.WS)
* we can provide advice about applying fonts, etc, that can set ſ, ae/oe ligatures, etc, through css preferences
* CSS can specify some of this per book (not all ligatures, eg {{que}} can be applied through CSS, and it depends on installed fonts in some cases)
* we ''might'' be able to apply a default javascript switch behaviour per book rather than sitewide

I don't have a massive preference for s over ſ, or ae / oe over or æ / œ ; but we should I think at least allow users to easily switch, especially re ſ if it is the default.

Just throwing it out there for discussion, to see what the general feeling / preference would be. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:40, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:I lacked the rights to have it be toggled on and off through a gadget, we should ask interface administrators to do it, that should be the best way about it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 22:45, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] Take a look to itwikisource gadget &quot;memoRegex&quot;. It allows to save and share nsIntex-specific, customable sets of regex or plain substitutions, and it has been recently refined by @Candalua (a great job!). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 10:39, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Portal pages ==

Hi all, 

I'd like to suggest we create a few &quot;Portal&quot; pages for some key topics, so we can detail what is good and why rather than just provide category pages. There's a need for a page for introductory Latin, for example, which could explain levels of suitability of texts. See also [[#Navigation and validation]] above

To do this, we need community consensus to add a namespace, and then, it is done through a request at Phabricator. The namespace would define what this group of pages were called eg [[Portus:Index]] and also the name of the &quot;Disputatio&quot; (discussion) pages. 

Please let me know if you agree with this proposal or not, so we can demonstrate consensus for the change to be made. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:50, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:cc @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]]@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::I consent to the proposal, though I am not sure about the translation 'Portus'. I think that 'Aditus' would better suit this usecase, since from portals users will be able to 'adire' the relevant pages. P.S. Out of curiosity I have checked the dictionary of A. Perugini, and he translates 'portale' as 'porta principalis. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Ok, sure (regardless, the Vicifons namespace could be used meanwhile to do some testing for the content). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 12:25, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Ok (even if I'm a inactive admin... :-( ) [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 12:55, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I totatlly agree! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 13:28, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] By the way, it would be nice if you could [[Vicifons:Scriptorium#Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default|check this out]]! [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:53, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Wikiversity was originally intended for educational purposes. But a portal can be created here too. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:00, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I think it would be best to take inspiration from [[:w:la]], at least for the vocabulary. This would:
:* provide a vocabulary and structure people may be well acquainted with already
:* facilitate our work, not having to find the proper terms for ourselves
:* have some sort of continuity between Latin projects
:I had started doing this for documentation templates, as they where copied as is from [[:en:Wikisource]]. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:50, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Sure, what do you mean in practice? Does W:la have a phrase for Portal? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:29, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I must say I don't really understand what you precisely intend to put on these pages and why they could not be of the Vicifons namespace. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 00:35, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::It's probably done on En:ws so that search works across portals and mainspace pages but not advice pages; or that search in advice pages does not include results from mainspace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:37, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::Here are some ideas for core pages, following nomenclature use by [[:w:la]] and [[:en:Wikisource]] (non names are definite):
:::::* [[Vicifons:De stilo]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Style guide]]) including: titles and their capitalization, use of Roman/Arabic numerals, use of classifiers before numbers (liber, carmen, etc.); regularization of spelling (in non-facsimile pages), anchors
:::::* [[Vicifons:Qualitas paginarum]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De categoriis]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De fontibus]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Sources]]) about how and where, or how not and where not, to find good sources, the fact that most pages don't have sources or are copied from bad sources, e.g., The Latin Library, how to recify this, etc.
:::::And help pages:
:::::* [[Auxilium:De digitizationem textorum imaginumque ad usum Vicifontis]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Help:Digitising texts and images for Wikisource]])
:::::* etc.
:::::I'd be happy to batch something for [[Vicifons:De stilo]], as I think it is really needed. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 13:01, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::On Vicipaedia portals are simply combined [[:w:la:Categoria:Portae|into a category]]; it is not necessary to ask the Phabricator. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:19, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>73zjgrupdh14y0znminm93t0o7bwuu5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276868</id>
      <parentid>276824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:20:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Portal pages */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>276868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130487" sha1="ryowf6icjy0jj2xohqd2e1p4a6okor0" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!--- __NOTOC__ ---&gt;[[Categoria:Vicifons|Scriptorium]]
{{Intraincepti
|w= Vicipaedia:Taberna
|q= Vicicitatio:Taberna
|commons: &lt;!-- Communia --&gt;
|b= Vicilibri:Porta Communis
|wikt= Victionarium:Taberna
|m= &lt;!-- Meta --&gt;
|wikispecies= &lt;!-- Vicispecies --&gt;
|n= &lt;!-- Vicinuntii --&gt;
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:14pt; background:#eef; color:navy; &quot;&gt;
Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{center|
'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
}}
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef&quot;&gt;
'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{| class=&quot;WSerieV&quot; id=&quot;WBistro&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#fff0ff; text-align:center&quot;
|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.5em&quot;|
'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- 
Interwiki liks moved to the top of the discussion since button &quot;Quaestio nova&quot; 
appends new entries to physical end of this page
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;
[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;

__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years):
# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Usor:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EPIC|disputatio]]) 22:22, 22 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] Checking you know this is working now [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:21, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
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We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Blackletter is already here, [[:Formula:Gothica]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:57, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Hi! @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]], thanks! Just for clarification, do I need to make the template pages in Latin, or is it alright to copy them in English? Also, @[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], I mentioned this above, but for some reason, the Gothica template isn't working for me. See [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/15]], for example. Any idea why that might be the case? [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 16:16, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] This wiki lacks proper guidelines and recommendations, I would prefer if you translated the template's name, e.g., [[Formula:spatium]] rather than [[Formula:spatio]] but given the international nature of the project (nobody's mother tongue is Latin) best practice should be to add translated names as shortcuts/redirects. Beware adding templates that are already on the wiki under a different name ([[Formula:grc]] was already at [[Formula:Graeca]]). I took a quick look and it seems the fonts used by the blackletter template are not installed on the wiki; the same template does not seem to work on the French Wikisource either. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 17:40, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::Maybe we have sufficient powers to add the fonts now? Or we can ask someone with additional permissions to do so. But yes I remember now this has been a long standing problem. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:54, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::[https://yaytext.com/fraktur/ This converter] 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔢𝔯𝔱𝔰 𝔩𝔢𝔱𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔉𝔯𝔞𝔨𝔱𝔲𝔯 (because it exists in Unicode as separate characters). &lt;s&gt;However, I'm not sure if such text can be found using a regular search.&lt;/s&gt; No, Wikipedia search finds it. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::I looked into using the converter, but I'm running into the issue of lack of compatibility with {{[[Formula:Ls|Ls]]}}. Would it be better to just wait for the font to be added? Do we have any idea when that will happen/who needs to be contacted for that to happen?
::::Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 19:34, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::These Unicode characters don't feel right on my labtop, they have heigth issues among other things. I went and asked on two different wikis about the fonts, I will come back to you when I get some answers. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 19:41, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:[[Formula:Poema recte formatum]] or [[Formula:Ppoem]] now work, altho there's issues with the documentation page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:52, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 21:20, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


:{{tl|blackletter}} was not working for me, even after locally installing UnifrakturMaguntia from Google fonts, until I restarted my web browser, which also followed my rebooting. Also, it can't be just any gothic/blackletter font, but must be one of these Fraktur fonts: UnifrakturMaguntia UnifrakturCook  Unifraktur. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|Demetrius Talpa|JimKillock|Erblanchard57}} Fonts are downloaded locally, you need to go to Modi/Praeferentiae &gt; Proprietates &gt; Sermonis delectus &gt; Plura &gt; Scripturae and toggle &quot;Download fonts when needed&quot;. The option seems not to be that easy to toggle on by default. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 10:56, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, great. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:09, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you very much! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::English WS seems to pull the font in from a repository. I've copied over the module ULS, css etc, would be good to know if it has made any difference. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::{{blackletter|fraktur}} etc [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I just deactivated the &quot;download fonts when needed&quot; option for a second to see if it would work without it, and it still doesn't. [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 04:32, 19 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== De transclusione libri nondum bis perlecti ==

Salvete omnes, I finished the first proofreading pass of Michael Praetorius's [[Liber:PRAETORIUS,_Michael_-_Syntagma_musicum_1.djvu|''Syntagma musicum'' (volume 1)]]. Every page now has the &quot;Proofread&quot; status, except that a few are also &quot;Validated&quot;. I expect it will take quite a while before the whole book gets that second read, if it ever will.

My question: is it already acceptable to transclude the text into the main namespace at this stage, even though most pages are only single-proofread rather than validated? Or is there a convention on this Wikisource that a work should be fully validated before merging onto the mainspace?

Gratias vobis ago pro consiliis vestris. [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 09:16, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

:Of course, this is acceptable; the texts there are of very different quality. Besides, transclusion slightly increases the chances that someone will find it for re-examination. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:40, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for confirmation! -- [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 07:02, 26 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[mw:User:MSantos (WMF)|Content Transform Team]] 16:31, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido ==
[[Usor:Saumache]] paginam “[[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido]]” [[Specialis:Diff/86153/253177|ad deletionem celerem proposuit]], sed scriptum mihi videtur ex alia editione ortum esse atque ideo non esse delendum. Pittacium idcirco e pagina detraxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:50, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:Nam eaedem quidem editiones sunt, quibusdam minusculis in maiusculas versis litteris formaque apostropharum solum differunt. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 21:08, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default ==

Hi @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] and others, I noticed that [[:Formula:Littera s longa]] has been changed so that &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; produces ſ rather than s by default. This is in contrast to for example English Wikipedia which allows it as a user option, but assumes it is &quot;s&quot; by default. 

For other formulae, eg {{um}}, {{us}}, {{que}}, etc these are &quot;off&quot; by default. Likewise {{ae}}, {{oe}} I believe are off by default currently.

There various ways that this can work, for example:
* we could provide a user switch for either state per symbol, etc (with JS, as per EN.WS)
* we can provide advice about applying fonts, etc, that can set ſ, ae/oe ligatures, etc, through css preferences
* CSS can specify some of this per book (not all ligatures, eg {{que}} can be applied through CSS, and it depends on installed fonts in some cases)
* we ''might'' be able to apply a default javascript switch behaviour per book rather than sitewide

I don't have a massive preference for s over ſ, or ae / oe over or æ / œ ; but we should I think at least allow users to easily switch, especially re ſ if it is the default.

Just throwing it out there for discussion, to see what the general feeling / preference would be. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:40, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:I lacked the rights to have it be toggled on and off through a gadget, we should ask interface administrators to do it, that should be the best way about it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 22:45, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] Take a look to itwikisource gadget &quot;memoRegex&quot;. It allows to save and share nsIntex-specific, customable sets of regex or plain substitutions, and it has been recently refined by @Candalua (a great job!). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 10:39, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Portal pages ==

Hi all, 

I'd like to suggest we create a few &quot;Portal&quot; pages for some key topics, so we can detail what is good and why rather than just provide category pages. There's a need for a page for introductory Latin, for example, which could explain levels of suitability of texts. See also [[#Navigation and validation]] above

To do this, we need community consensus to add a namespace, and then, it is done through a request at Phabricator. The namespace would define what this group of pages were called eg [[Portus:Index]] and also the name of the &quot;Disputatio&quot; (discussion) pages. 

Please let me know if you agree with this proposal or not, so we can demonstrate consensus for the change to be made. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:50, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:cc @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]]@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::I consent to the proposal, though I am not sure about the translation 'Portus'. I think that 'Aditus' would better suit this usecase, since from portals users will be able to 'adire' the relevant pages. P.S. Out of curiosity I have checked the dictionary of A. Perugini, and he translates 'portale' as 'porta principalis. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Ok, sure (regardless, the Vicifons namespace could be used meanwhile to do some testing for the content). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 12:25, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Ok (even if I'm a inactive admin... :-( ) [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 12:55, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I totatlly agree! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 13:28, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] By the way, it would be nice if you could [[Vicifons:Scriptorium#Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default|check this out]]! [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:53, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Wikiversity was originally intended for educational purposes. But a portal can be created here too. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:00, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I think it would be best to take inspiration from [[:w:la]], at least for the vocabulary. This would:
:* provide a vocabulary and structure people may be well acquainted with already
:* facilitate our work, not having to find the proper terms for ourselves
:* have some sort of continuity between Latin projects
:I had started doing this for documentation templates, as they where copied as is from [[:en:Wikisource]]. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:50, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Sure, what do you mean in practice? Does W:la have a phrase for Portal? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:29, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I must say I don't really understand what you precisely intend to put on these pages and why they could not be of the Vicifons namespace. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 00:35, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::It's probably done on En:ws so that search works across portals and mainspace pages but not advice pages; or that search in advice pages does not include results from mainspace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:37, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::Here are some ideas for core pages, following nomenclature use by [[:w:la]] and [[:en:Wikisource]] (non names are definite):
:::::* [[Vicifons:De stilo]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Style guide]]) including: titles and their capitalization, use of Roman/Arabic numerals, use of classifiers before numbers (liber, carmen, etc.); regularization of spelling (in non-facsimile pages), anchors
:::::* [[Vicifons:Qualitas paginarum]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De categoriis]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De fontibus]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Sources]]) about how and where, or how not and where not, to find good sources, the fact that most pages don't have sources or are copied from bad sources, e.g., The Latin Library, how to recify this, etc.
:::::And help pages:
:::::* [[Auxilium:De digitizationem textorum imaginumque ad usum Vicifontis]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Help:Digitising texts and images for Wikisource]])
:::::* etc.
:::::I'd be happy to batch something for [[Vicifons:De stilo]], as I think it is really needed. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 13:01, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::I agree, a style guide is badly needed. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:20, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::On Vicipaedia portals are simply combined [[:w:la:Categoria:Portae|into a category]]; it is not necessary to ask the Phabricator. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:19, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ryowf6icjy0jj2xohqd2e1p4a6okor0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276869</id>
      <parentid>276868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:45:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Portal pages */</comment>
      <origin>276869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130494" sha1="10vvh2hd0vj3uypv68iv2ro66q707k5" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!--- __NOTOC__ ---&gt;[[Categoria:Vicifons|Scriptorium]]
{{Intraincepti
|w= Vicipaedia:Taberna
|q= Vicicitatio:Taberna
|commons: &lt;!-- Communia --&gt;
|b= Vicilibri:Porta Communis
|wikt= Victionarium:Taberna
|m= &lt;!-- Meta --&gt;
|wikispecies= &lt;!-- Vicispecies --&gt;
|n= &lt;!-- Vicinuntii --&gt;
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:14pt; background:#eef; color:navy; &quot;&gt;
Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{center|
'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
}}
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef&quot;&gt;
'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{| class=&quot;WSerieV&quot; id=&quot;WBistro&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#fff0ff; text-align:center&quot;
|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.5em&quot;|
'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- 
Interwiki liks moved to the top of the discussion since button &quot;Quaestio nova&quot; 
appends new entries to physical end of this page
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;
[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;

__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

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== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] Checking you know this is working now [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:21, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

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[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

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&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

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{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

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Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
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We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

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'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Blackletter is already here, [[:Formula:Gothica]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:57, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Hi! @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]], thanks! Just for clarification, do I need to make the template pages in Latin, or is it alright to copy them in English? Also, @[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], I mentioned this above, but for some reason, the Gothica template isn't working for me. See [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/15]], for example. Any idea why that might be the case? [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 16:16, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] This wiki lacks proper guidelines and recommendations, I would prefer if you translated the template's name, e.g., [[Formula:spatium]] rather than [[Formula:spatio]] but given the international nature of the project (nobody's mother tongue is Latin) best practice should be to add translated names as shortcuts/redirects. Beware adding templates that are already on the wiki under a different name ([[Formula:grc]] was already at [[Formula:Graeca]]). I took a quick look and it seems the fonts used by the blackletter template are not installed on the wiki; the same template does not seem to work on the French Wikisource either. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 17:40, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::Maybe we have sufficient powers to add the fonts now? Or we can ask someone with additional permissions to do so. But yes I remember now this has been a long standing problem. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:54, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::[https://yaytext.com/fraktur/ This converter] 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔢𝔯𝔱𝔰 𝔩𝔢𝔱𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔉𝔯𝔞𝔨𝔱𝔲𝔯 (because it exists in Unicode as separate characters). &lt;s&gt;However, I'm not sure if such text can be found using a regular search.&lt;/s&gt; No, Wikipedia search finds it. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::I looked into using the converter, but I'm running into the issue of lack of compatibility with {{[[Formula:Ls|Ls]]}}. Would it be better to just wait for the font to be added? Do we have any idea when that will happen/who needs to be contacted for that to happen?
::::Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 19:34, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::These Unicode characters don't feel right on my labtop, they have heigth issues among other things. I went and asked on two different wikis about the fonts, I will come back to you when I get some answers. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 19:41, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:[[Formula:Poema recte formatum]] or [[Formula:Ppoem]] now work, altho there's issues with the documentation page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:52, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 21:20, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


:{{tl|blackletter}} was not working for me, even after locally installing UnifrakturMaguntia from Google fonts, until I restarted my web browser, which also followed my rebooting. Also, it can't be just any gothic/blackletter font, but must be one of these Fraktur fonts: UnifrakturMaguntia UnifrakturCook  Unifraktur. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|Demetrius Talpa|JimKillock|Erblanchard57}} Fonts are downloaded locally, you need to go to Modi/Praeferentiae &gt; Proprietates &gt; Sermonis delectus &gt; Plura &gt; Scripturae and toggle &quot;Download fonts when needed&quot;. The option seems not to be that easy to toggle on by default. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 10:56, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, great. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:09, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you very much! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::English WS seems to pull the font in from a repository. I've copied over the module ULS, css etc, would be good to know if it has made any difference. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::{{blackletter|fraktur}} etc [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I just deactivated the &quot;download fonts when needed&quot; option for a second to see if it would work without it, and it still doesn't. [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 04:32, 19 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== De transclusione libri nondum bis perlecti ==

Salvete omnes, I finished the first proofreading pass of Michael Praetorius's [[Liber:PRAETORIUS,_Michael_-_Syntagma_musicum_1.djvu|''Syntagma musicum'' (volume 1)]]. Every page now has the &quot;Proofread&quot; status, except that a few are also &quot;Validated&quot;. I expect it will take quite a while before the whole book gets that second read, if it ever will.

My question: is it already acceptable to transclude the text into the main namespace at this stage, even though most pages are only single-proofread rather than validated? Or is there a convention on this Wikisource that a work should be fully validated before merging onto the mainspace?

Gratias vobis ago pro consiliis vestris. [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 09:16, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

:Of course, this is acceptable; the texts there are of very different quality. Besides, transclusion slightly increases the chances that someone will find it for re-examination. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:40, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for confirmation! -- [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 07:02, 26 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[mw:User:MSantos (WMF)|Content Transform Team]] 16:31, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido ==
[[Usor:Saumache]] paginam “[[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido]]” [[Specialis:Diff/86153/253177|ad deletionem celerem proposuit]], sed scriptum mihi videtur ex alia editione ortum esse atque ideo non esse delendum. Pittacium idcirco e pagina detraxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:50, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:Nam eaedem quidem editiones sunt, quibusdam minusculis in maiusculas versis litteris formaque apostropharum solum differunt. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 21:08, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default ==

Hi @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] and others, I noticed that [[:Formula:Littera s longa]] has been changed so that &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; produces ſ rather than s by default. This is in contrast to for example English Wikipedia which allows it as a user option, but assumes it is &quot;s&quot; by default. 

For other formulae, eg {{um}}, {{us}}, {{que}}, etc these are &quot;off&quot; by default. Likewise {{ae}}, {{oe}} I believe are off by default currently.

There various ways that this can work, for example:
* we could provide a user switch for either state per symbol, etc (with JS, as per EN.WS)
* we can provide advice about applying fonts, etc, that can set ſ, ae/oe ligatures, etc, through css preferences
* CSS can specify some of this per book (not all ligatures, eg {{que}} can be applied through CSS, and it depends on installed fonts in some cases)
* we ''might'' be able to apply a default javascript switch behaviour per book rather than sitewide

I don't have a massive preference for s over ſ, or ae / oe over or æ / œ ; but we should I think at least allow users to easily switch, especially re ſ if it is the default.

Just throwing it out there for discussion, to see what the general feeling / preference would be. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:40, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:I lacked the rights to have it be toggled on and off through a gadget, we should ask interface administrators to do it, that should be the best way about it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 22:45, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] Take a look to itwikisource gadget &quot;memoRegex&quot;. It allows to save and share nsIntex-specific, customable sets of regex or plain substitutions, and it has been recently refined by @Candalua (a great job!). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 10:39, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Portal pages ==

Hi all, 

I'd like to suggest we create a few &quot;Portal&quot; pages for some key topics, so we can detail what is good and why rather than just provide category pages. There's a need for a page for introductory Latin, for example, which could explain levels of suitability of texts. See also [[#Navigation and validation]] above

To do this, we need community consensus to add a namespace, and then, it is done through a request at Phabricator. The namespace would define what this group of pages were called eg [[Portus:Index]] and also the name of the &quot;Disputatio&quot; (discussion) pages. 

Please let me know if you agree with this proposal or not, so we can demonstrate consensus for the change to be made. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:50, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:cc @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]]@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::I consent to the proposal, though I am not sure about the translation 'Portus'. I think that 'Aditus' would better suit this usecase, since from portals users will be able to 'adire' the relevant pages. P.S. Out of curiosity I have checked the dictionary of A. Perugini, and he translates 'portale' as 'porta principalis. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Ok, sure (regardless, the Vicifons namespace could be used meanwhile to do some testing for the content). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 12:25, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Ok (even if I'm a inactive admin... :-( ) [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 12:55, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I totatlly agree! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 13:28, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] By the way, it would be nice if you could [[Vicifons:Scriptorium#Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default|check this out]]! [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:53, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Wikiversity was originally intended for educational purposes. But a portal can be created here too. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:00, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I think it would be best to take inspiration from [[:w:la]], at least for the vocabulary. This would:
:* provide a vocabulary and structure people may be well acquainted with already
:* facilitate our work, not having to find the proper terms for ourselves
:* have some sort of continuity between Latin projects
:I had started doing this for documentation templates, as they where copied as is from [[:en:Wikisource]]. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:50, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Sure, what do you mean in practice? Does W:la have a phrase for Portal? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:29, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I must say I don't really understand what you precisely intend to put on these pages and why they could not be of the Vicifons namespace. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 00:35, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::It's probably done on En:ws so that search works across portals and mainspace pages but not advice pages; or that search in advice pages does not include results from mainspace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:37, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::Here are some ideas for core pages, following nomenclature used by [[:w:la]] and [[:en:Wikisource]] (names are not definite):
:::::* [[Vicifons:De stilo]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Style guide]]) including: titles and their capitalization, use of Roman/Arabic numerals, use of classifiers before numbers (liber, carmen, etc.); regularization of spelling (in non-facsimile pages), anchors, etc.
:::::* [[Vicifons:Qualitas paginarum]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De categoriis]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De fontibus]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Sources]]) about how and where, or how not and where not, to find good sources, the fact that most pages don't have sources or are copied from bad sources, e.g., The Latin Library, how to recify this, etc.
:::::And help pages:
:::::* [[Auxilium:De digitizationem textorum imaginumque ad usum Vicifontis]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Help:Digitising texts and images for Wikisource]])
:::::* etc.
:::::I'd be happy to batch something for [[Vicifons:De stilo]], as I think it is really needed. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 13:01, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::I agree, a style guide is badly needed. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:20, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::On Vicipaedia portals are simply combined [[:w:la:Categoria:Portae|into a category]]; it is not necessary to ask the Phabricator. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:19, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)</text>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
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    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber II</title>
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|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber II|librum II]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/211/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius I
|AnteNomen = ../Liber I
|Post = Commentarius III
|PostNomen = ../Liber III
}}

*[''Inclinatis litteris scripta sunt scholia quae, sine certis dominis,  {{wl|Q3384616|Petrus Daniel Aurelianensis}} 1600 anno primum eddidit.''
*''Rotundis uncis inclusa est scriptura scholiarum Daniele additarum ex codice Parisino (1750) quam integram editor istius editionis, cum plerumque ei videretur emendanda, addidit.''
*''Quadratis uncis inclusa sunt illa quae videbantur Danieli ex eodem abicienda.'']

{{regula}}

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber II|1.]]}} {{sc|'''conticvere omnes'''}} quia supra dixit “fit strepitus tectis”. ‘conticuere’ autem pro conticuerunt: quod metri causa fit vel ratione clausularum. nec est ut quidam dicunt dualis numerus, qui apud Latinos numquam penitus invenitur. et bene ‘omnes’ addidit; poterant enim simul quidam, sed non omnes, tacere. {{sc|'''intentiqve ora tenebant'''}} aut ora intuebantur loquentis, aut inmobiles vultus habebant, ut “tenuitque inhians tria Cerberus ora”, id est inmobilia habuit. aut ‘tenebant’ habebant, ut sit figura et intellegamus ‘intenta tenebant’, ut Terentius “nam Andriae illi id erat nomen. teneo”. ideo autem hoc addidit, quia potest quis tacere, nec advertere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber II#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} aphaeresis est, pro deinde: vel ut quidam volunt ‘tunc’. {{sc|'''toro ab alto'''}} summus enim semper est pontificalis locus; non enim licebat supra regem sacrificulum quemquam accumbere. cum enim dicit de Didone “aurea conposuit sponda mediamque locavit” ostendit illam regali, non sacerdotali loco discubuisse. et Aeneas ubique quasi sacratus inducitur. dictus autem a tortis herbis est torus. et videtur hic ostendisse “ostroque superbo” et “aulaeis iam se regina superbis”, ut aulam significaret. ‘ab alto’ vero pro ‘ex alto’; mutavit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pater aeneas'''}} honoris hoc nomen est. {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} propter longam narrationem. et ‘orsus’ hic ‘coepit’, alibi ‘finit’, ut “sic Iuppiter orsus”.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber II#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} quia viro forti victum se dicere et doloris et pudoris est. {{sc|'''ivbes'''}} vis, ut “iubeo Chremetem”: nam aliter hoc verbum Aeneae persona non recipit. {{sc|'''renovare'''}} retexere, iterare.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber II#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''troianas vt opes'''}} sic Horatius “aut pingues Phrygiae Mygdonias opes”. ‘ut’ autem quem ad modum. {{sc|'''lamentabile regnvm'''}} id est magnum, quasi dignum multa lamentatione, ut “hi multum fleti ad superos”. {{sc|'''danai'''}} Argivi, dicti a Danao rege. nam Graeci proprie sunt Thessali a Graeco rege.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber II#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''miserrima vidi'''}} est enim poena et in atrocitate spectaculi, ut [2.in] “Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Ulixes” et “vidi egomet, duo de numero”.

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber II#5|6.]]}} {{sc|'''pars magna fvi'''}} propter amissam coniugem. et hoc se commendat, ut paulo post “aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe?” {{sc|'''fando'''}} dum ipse dicit. alibi dum dicitur, ut “fando aliquod si forte tuas pervenit ad aures”, quia gerundi modus est. quidam per infinitivum modum dictum accipiunt.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber II#5|7.]]}} {{sc|'''myrmidonvm'''}} Myrmidones sunt Achillis socii, Dolopes Pyrrhi, qui eum de Scyro secuti sunt. dicti autem sunt Myrmidones propter hanc causam: Aeacus cum in arbore fici formicas, id est {{grc|''μύρμηκας''}} vidisset, optavit tot sibi socios evenire, et statim formicae in homines versae sunt. sed hoc fabulae est. nam Eratosthenes dicit Myrmidones dictos a rege Myrmidono. {{sc|'''myrmidonvm'''}} Myrmidones sunt Achillis socii, Dolopes Pyrrhi, quos ut quidam volunt de Scyro insula duxit ad Troiam. dicti autem sunt Myrmidones propter hanc causam: Aeacus, Iovis et Aeginae filius, cum vellet matris suae perpetuam memoriam permanere, insulam, in qua regnabat, a nomine eius Aeginam appellavit. hoc indignata Iuno pestilentia cives eius omnes absumpsit; quod cum vidisset Aeacus petit a Iove, ut formicae, id est murmekes, quas casu animadverterat plures, in homines et suos socios verterentur. qui statim mutati in homines Myrmidones appellati sunt. sed hoc fabula est. nam Eratosthenes dicit, Myrmidonas dictos a rege Myrmidono, Iovis et Eurymedusae filio. sane amat hos exercitus iungere; nam et post ait “hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles”. {{sc|'''avt dvri miles vlixi'''}} ‘duri’ non laboriosi, sed crudelis, ut “quem dat tua coniunx dura”. nam Vergilius pro negotiorum qualitate dat epitheta, cum Homerus eadem etiam in contrariis servet. sensus autem est ‘sine lacrimis haec nec a quovis hostium dicerentur’. illud autem quod Asinius Pollio dicit caret ratione, de Achaemenide dictum ‘miles Ulixi’, Myrmidonas vero et Dolopas praesentes esse, acceptos ab Heleno; sic enim dicti frangitur dignitas. {{sc|'''miles vlixi'''}}] [2.sane] quaedam si singulariter proferantur, interdum gratiora sunt, ut “Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur”. ‘Ulixi’ autem vetus genetivus est, ut “atque inmitis Achilli”.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber II#5|8.]]}} {{sc|'''temperet'''}} abstineat.

{{ancora+|9|[[Aeneis/Liber II#5|9.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipitat'''}} pro praecipitatur: verbum pro verbo, ut diximus. et duas causas praetendit, quibus dicit non posse universa narrari, dolorem et tempus. {{sc|'''cadentia sidera'''}} aut epitheton est siderum, quae semper et oriuntur et occidunt; aut certe maiorem partem noctis vult esse transactam. per sidera autem noctem significat, quae somnos suadeat.

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber II#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs cognoscere'''}} cognoscendorum casuum: et Graeca figura est. ‘casus’ autem fortunam, pericula; nam si ‘mortem’ dixisset, ‘nostrorum’ debuit dicere.

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber II#10|11.]]}} {{sc|'''et breviter'''}} praescribit, quia Dido dixerat a “prima dic, hospes, origine nobis”. ergo non ad Didonis voluntatem, sed narrantis officium. et quibusdam hic hysterologia videtur; {{sc|'''svpremvm'''}} postremum, ultimum dicit. eversionem enim Troiae tantum omissis superioribus narrat.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber II#10|12.]]}} {{sc|'''qvamqvam animvs meminisse horret'''}} ‘quamquam’ melius praesenti iungitur tempori, ut ‘quamquam scio, quamquam lego’. quod autem dixit ‘meminisse horret’ defectivi verbi ratio est; nec enim potuit dicere ‘meminere’. et in his quae corrupta sunt naturaliter, ut ‘odi’ ‘novi’ ‘memini’ et omnia, tempora quae inveniuntur et suo et aliorum funguntur officio, ut ‘memini’ praeteritum est, legimus tamen et “memini videre, quo aequior sum Pamphilo” et “memini me turribus altis Corycium vidisse senem”. quod si fit et in verbis integris, ut “iuvat evasisse tot urbes”, quanto magis in corruptis? {{sc|'''refvgit'''}} propter metrum pro praesenti praeteritum posuit.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber II#10|13.]]}} {{sc|'''incipiam'''}} deest ‘tamen’, quia, cum praeponitur ‘quamquam’, subiungi necesse est ‘tamen’. {{sc|'''fracti bello'''}} in hoc libro duplex intentio est: ne vel Troiae quod victa est, vel Aeneae turpe videatur esse quod fugit. {{sc|'''fracti bello'''}}] bene defendit causam suorum, quod in bello non inpares fuerint. sane amat in adversis hoc verbo uti, ut “fractae vires” et “frangimur heu fatis, inquit”. {{sc|'''fatisqve repvlsi'''}} oraculis: ut est “cum virgo poscere fata”: secundum Plautum tribus, vita scilicet Troili, palladii conservatione, integro sepulcro Laomedontis, quod in Scaea porta fuit, ut in Bacchidibus lectum est; secundum alios vero pluribus: ut de Aeaci gente aliquis interesset, unde Pyrrhus admodum puer evocatus ad bellum est; ut Rhesi equi tollerentur a Graecis; ut Herculis interessent sagittae, quas misit Philoctetes, quibus Paris peremptus est, cum ipse non potuisset adferre morte praeventus.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber II#10|14.]]}} {{sc|'''dvctores'''}} sonantius est quam ‘duces’, ut “regnatorem Asiae”: quod heroum exigit carmen. {{sc|'''labentibvs'''}} velocibus, ut “labere nympha polo” et “labere pinnis”. cursu enim lapsus celerior est.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber II#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''instar'''}} nomen est indeclinabile, licet Probus instaris declinaverit, ut nectaris. et caret praepositione, sicut ‘peregre’, quamvis Serenus lyricus “‘ad instar’” dixerit. ‘instar’ autem est ad similitudinem: unde non restaurata, sed instaurata dicuntur aedificia ad antiquam similitudinem facta. {{sc|'''eqvvm'''}} de hoc equo varia in historiis lecta sunt: ut Hyginus et Tubero dicunt, machinamentum bellicum fuit, quod equus appellatur, sicut aries, sicut testudo, quibus muri vel discuti vel subrui solent: unde est “aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros”: ut alii, porta quam eis Antenor aperuit, equum pictum habuisse memoratur, vel certe Antenoris domus, quo posset agnosci. non nulli signum equi datum, ut internoscerent Graeci suos, vel hostes. a quibusdam dicitur facta proditione praedictum, ne quis eas domos violaret, quarum ante ianuam equus esset depictus, unde Antenoris et ceterorum domus agnitae sunt. aut quia equestri proelio victa est Troia. aut a monte Hippio, post quem se absconderant Graeci, unde et adludit ‘instar montis equum’; ut “pelago credas innare revulsas Cycladas”. aut re vera hoc fuit, quod Vergilius sequitur. sed melius machinamenti genus accipimus. {{sc|'''palladis arte'''}} aut ingeniose, aut dolose, ac si diceret, consilio iratae deae, quae fuit inimica Troianis.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber II#15|16.]]}} {{sc|'''aedificant'''}} translatio, ut Cicero “navem tibi aedificatam esse Messanae”. item {{sc|'''intexvnt'''}} ut ipse alibi “bis denas Italo texamus robore navis”. {{sc|'''aedificant'''}}] aedificari enim habitacula hominum dicimus; nam ideo hic de equo ‘aedificant’, qui erat homines recepturus; vel propter magnitudinem. {{sc|'''intexvnt'''}}] quia naves texi dicuntur; nam ideo ubi naves fiunt textrinum vocatur. {{sc|'''abiete costas'''}} non sine ratione Vergilius hoc loco abietem commemorat, item acerem et pinum paulo post: nam fulminata abies interitum dominae significat, et Troia per feminam periit. acer vero in tutela Stuporis est: et viso equo stupuere Troiani, ut “pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae”. pinus in tutela quidem est matris deum; sed et fraudum et insidiarum, quia eius poma cadentia per fraudem interimunt: et hic equus plenus insidiarum est. {{sc|'''abiete'''}} solutio est spondei, nunc in proceleumaticum, alias in dactylum, ut “arma virum”, alias in anapaestum, ut “fluviorum rex Eridanus”. sciendum sane, Vergilium ubique in solutione ista servare sibi excusationem synaliphae: quod alii contemnunt.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber II#15|17.]]}} {{sc|'''votvm'''}} oblatum: nam participium est. {{sc|'''votvm'''}} P. R. S.] id est vovisse pro reditu. Accius in Deiphobo inscriptum dicit “Minervae donum armipotentes Danai abeuntes dicant”. {{sc|'''ea fama vagatvr'''}} hoc est reditus fama tantum fuit, non et simulationis; nam incipiunt et insidiae patefactae esse. {{sc|'''ea fama vagatvr'''}} bene excusat, ne reus sit conscientiae.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber II#15|18.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc'''}} pro illuc. {{sc|'''hvc'''}} in equum, vel in hanc rem. {{sc|'''delecta corpora'''}} delectorum virorum. {{sc|'''sortiti'''}} contraria sunt dilectus et sortitus. sed intellegimus, plures quidem electos, sorte tamen ex ipsis ductos, qui includerentur. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} pro virorum, qua figura et in prosa utimur. dicit sane Plinius [2.in naturali historia] hoc in neutro non esse faciendum, scilicet propter casuum similitudinem, nisi forte nimia metri necessitas cogat. {{sc|'''fvrtim'''}} num a plebe, hoc est nullo sciente, id est latenter? nam et furtum ideo dicitur, quod magis per tenebras admittatur; unde fures qui quasi per furvum tempus, hoc est nigrum, aliquid subripiunt.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber II#15|19.]]}} {{sc|'''caeco lateri'''}} pro caecis lateribus. et nota aliter dici caecum hominem, id est non videntem, aliter caecum latus, id est obcaecaturum, absconsurum. {{sc|'''cavernas ingentes'''}} non nulli omnia loca concava cavernas dictas a veteribus asserunt, ut “et umbrosae penitus patuere cavernae”. alii fustes curvos navium, quibus extrinsecus tabulae adfiguntur, cavernas appellarunt: unde, quia naves texi dicuntur et cavernae navium sunt, permansit in metaphora, ut et ‘intexunt’ diceret et ‘cavernas’. alii quodcumque in arcum formatum est, quod flexum et in altitudine curvatum ad sedem deducitur cavernam dici tradunt.

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber II#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''ingentes'''}} ut diximus, epitheto levavit tapinosin. {{sc|'''vtervmqve'''}} uterus est mulierum: nam praegnantis proprie est. quem modo ideo dixit, quia dicturus est “feta armis”. alvus est quo defluunt sordes, ut Sallustius “simulans sibi alvum purgari”. venter qui videtur, ut Iuvenalis “Montani quoque venter adest abdomine tardus”. sane et in tragoedia de hoc equo {{grc|''ἐγκύμονα''}} legitur; hinc ergo hic ‘uterum’ dixit. {{sc|'''armato milite'''}} ut supra “ex hoste”. {{sc|'''armato milite'''}}] singularem numerum pro plurali posuit, ut “ultro Inachias venisset ad urbes Dardanus” pro Dardani; et alibi pluralem pro singulari, ut “desiste manum committere Teucris”, cum solus esset Aeneas.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber II#20|21.]]}} {{sc|'''tenedos'''}} Tenes quidam infamatus, quod cum noverca concubuisset, hanc insulam vacuam cultoribus tenuit: unde Tenedos dicta est. ideo ergo ait ‘notissima fama’. sic Cicero “Tenen ipsum cuius ex nomine Tenedos nominatur”. {{sc|'''tenedos'''}} insula est contra Ilium, quae ante Leucophrys dicta est; nam Tenes, Cycni filius, infamatus a noverca, quod cum ea voluisset concumbere, cultoribus vacuam tenuit: unde Tenedos dicta est. alii dicunt, quod se propter supra dictam causam ex ipsa insula in mare praecipitaverit. huius soror Hemithea fuisse dicitur.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber II#20|22.]]}} {{sc|'''insvla dives opvm'''}} ut alibi “dives equum”. et hic genetivo iungit, Statius, quod rarum est, et ablativo, ut “satis ostro dives et auro”. {{sc|'''priami dvm regna'''}} M. †qui et ipsa a Graecis est.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber II#20|23.]]}} {{sc|'''sinvs'''}} reductus litoris secessus. {{sc|'''statio'''}} statio est ubi ad tempus stant naves, portus ubi hiemant. {{sc|'''male fida'''}} aut minus fida propter periculum navium, quia statio est, quam plagiam dicunt: aut certe fida Graecis. {{sc|'''male'''}} hoc est ‘in nostram perniciem’, ut Lucanus de syrtibus “sic male deseruit” (9.310): et hanc significationem raro invenimus. sane ‘male fidus’ non infidus, sed minus fidus intellegitur. ‘male’ enim minutionem habet, non negationem.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber II#20|24.]]}} {{sc|'''deserto'''}} vel ab his, qui Troianae partis erant; aut certe ideo ‘deserto’, ut facilius latere possint. {{sc|'''condvnt'''}} pro abscondunt.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber II#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''abiisse petiisse'''}} ‘abisse’ dicimus et ‘petisse’, sed propter metrum epenthesis facta est. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} a parte totum, id est Graeciam.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber II#25|26.]]}} {{sc|'''omnis tevcria'''}} subaudis ‘gens’. et absoluta est elocutio. {{sc|'''solvit'''}} quasi ante aerumnis vincti essent.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber II#25|27.]]}} {{sc|'''pandvntvr portae'''}} signum pacis est, ut Sallustius “apertae portae, repleta arva cultoribus”; ut ‘clausis portis’ signum belli est “quae moenia clausis bellum acuant portis”. {{sc|'''ivvat ire'''}} autem, exire, aut ire longius. {{sc|'''dorica castra'''}} mala est compositio ab ea syllaba incipere, qua superius finitus est sermo; nam plerumque et cacenphaton facit, ut hoc loco. sane Dorus Neptuni filius fuit, unde Dori originem ducunt.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber II#25|28.]]}} {{sc|'''litvsqve relictvm'''}} quod nostrum fuerat.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber II#25|29.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. et totum hoc ita accipiendum. {{sc|'''tendebat'''}} tentoria habebat, ut “et latis tendebat in arvis”. {{sc|'''saevvs achilles'''}} propter Hectorem tractum. et talis ubique inducendus est, ut Horatius “iura neget sibi nata”.

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber II#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''classibvs hic locvs'''}} magis ad equites referre debemus, ut “et Ortinae classes”: unde et classica dicuntur. {{sc|'''acie'''}} hic exercitu. aliter “huc geminas nunc flecte acies”. {{sc|'''hic acies'''}} legitur et ‘acie’. nam potest utrumque.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber II#30|31.]]}} {{sc|'''pars stvpet et mirantvr'''}} figurate, ut “pars in frusta secant”. {{sc|'''innvptae'''}} quae numquam nubit, nam virgo potest et nubere. {{sc|'''donvm'''}} amphibolia, non quod ipsa dedit, sed quod ei oblatum est. {{sc|'''donvm exitiale'''}} quantum ad Troianos.

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber II#30|32.]]}} {{sc|'''primvsqve thymoetes'''}} ut Euphorion dicit, Priamus ex Arisba filium vatem suscepit. qui cum dixisset quadam die nasci puerum, per quem Troia posset everti, pepererunt simul et Thymoetae uxor et Hecuba, quae Priami legitima erat. sed Priamus Thymoetae filium uxoremque iussit occidi. inde ergo nunc dicit ‘sive dolo’, quia iustam causam proditionis habere videbatur. alii volunt ‘dolo’ scilicet Graecorum, quo omnes decepti sunt.

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber II#30|33.]]}} {{sc|'''arce locari'''}} velut tutamen. et non incassum arcis Troianae prope multis locis mentio fit. in hac enim arce huiusmodi saxum fuisse dicitur, quod ab alio contritum sanguinem emitteret. namque Helenam ad incitandos in se amatores saepe ex hoc saxo lapillum uti fuisse solitam.

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber II#30|34.]]}} {{sc|'''sic fata ferebant'''}} ut etiam cives contra patriam sentirent.

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber II#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''at capys'''}} quidam: non pater Anchisae. et bene nec se, nec patrem huic consilio dicit interfuisse, per quod interitus patriae imminebat. quamquam Aeneas quasi obtrectator Priami non adsit, ut Homerus dicit, Anchises vero propter caecitatem, ut docet Theocritus. alii hunc Capyn adfinem Aeneae tradunt, et ideo ei ab Aenea dari recti consilii principatum. hic est qui Capuam condidit. sed hoc post multa saecula claruit. nam his temporibus, quibus Caesar occidi habuit, Capuae iuvencae aeneae dicitur inscriptum fuisse, isdem temporibus unum de genere conditoris periturum.

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber II#35|36.]]}} {{sc|'''pelago'''}} pro in pelagus. {{sc|'''danavm insidias'''}} bene qui suadet ut praecipitetur, non dicit ‘donum Minervae’, sed ‘Danaum insidias’ et ‘suspecta dona’.

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber II#35|37.]]}} {{sc|'''svbiectisqve vrere flammis'''}} ‘que’ copulativa coniunctio est, ‘aut’ disiunctiva. quomodo ergo has iunxit, cum non utrumque, sed alterutrum fieri poterat quod suadebatur? poetarum est partem pro parte ponere, ut torvum pro torve, et volventibus pro volubilibus: coniunctionem ergo pro coniunctione posuit, ut “saxum ingens volvunt alii radiisque rotarum” ‘que’ pro ‘ve’ posuit; nam sonantius visum est. antiqua tamen exemplaria ‘ve’ habere inveniuntur; ‘ve’ enim proprium significatum habet, ut interdum pro vel accipiatur.

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber II#35|38.]]}} {{sc|'''terebrare'''}} quidam aperire ac rescindere accipiunt, alii terebrare simpliciter accipiunt, quia adiecit temptare. et hinc ostenditur adversa sententia; non enim ab omnibus creduntur insidiae.

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber II#35|39.]]}} {{sc|'''incertvm'''}} instabile, unde est ‘studia in contraria’. ‘incertum’ ergo aut temporale est, aut perpetuum epitheton vulgi. sane ‘vulgus’ magis masculini generis est, quam neutri, quia in ‘us’ exeuntia neutra in ‘ris’ mittunt genetivum, excepto ‘pelagus’, quod in hoc nomine creavit errorem.

{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber II#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''ante omnes'''}} aut perissologia est, quia dixit ‘primus’; aut ‘ante omnes’, id est videntibus omnibus.

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber II#40|41.]]}} {{sc|'''laocoon'''}} omnia in ‘oon’ exeuntia tertiae sunt declinationis, ut Laocoontis Demophoontis Hippocoontis. {{sc|'''ardens'''}} omnis adfectus tribus rebus ostenditur, vultu voce gestu, sicut hic futura dicturo primum iram et commotionem animi quae vultu ostenditur dedit, dein celeritatem corporis, inde vocis magnitudinem.

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber II#40|42.]]}} {{sc|'''et procvl'''}} quidam hoc loco ‘procul’ ‘unde primum exaudiri potuit’ tradunt: alii ‘iuxta’ volunt, ut “serta procul”. {{sc|'''o miseri'''}} bene hoc coepit, quia non erant suadenti utilia credituri. {{sc|'''qvae tanta'''}} INSANIA? quia insanorum est contra se sentire. aut ‘insania’ dementia.

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber II#40|43.]]}} {{sc|'''creditis avectos hostes'''}} vehementius est, quam si dixisset ‘non navigaverunt’.

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber II#40|44.]]}} {{sc|'''dona carere dolis'''}} DANAUM?? ordo est ‘dona Danaum’, non ‘dolis Danaum’; non enim quaecumque sunt dona Danaum sunt. {{sc|'''sic notvs'''}} VLIXES?? quia, ut ait Homerus, voluntate verberatus et sub habitu mendici Troiam ingressus exploravit universa. hic sane Ulixes, filius Laertae, Penelopae maritus fuit. qui filios habuit Telemachum ex Penelope, ex Circe vero Telegonum, a quo etiam inscio cum is ipse patrem quaereret, occisus est. huic Ulixi primus Nicomachus pictor pilleo caput texisse fertur. huius post Iliense bellum errores Homerus notos omnibus fecit. de hoc quoque alia fabula narratur. nam cum Ithacam post errores fuisset reversus, invenisse Pana fertur in penatibus suis, qui dicitur ex Penelope et procis omnibus natus, sicut ipsum nomen Pan videtur declarare: quamquam alii hunc de Mercurio, qui in hircum mutatus cum Penelope concubuerat, natum ferunt. sed Ulixes posteaquam deformem puerum vidit, fugisse dicitur in errores. necatur autem vel senectute, vel Telegoni filii manu aculeo marinae beluae extinctus. dicitur enim, cum continuo fugeret, a Minerva in equum mutatus.

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber II#45|46.]]}} {{sc|'''in ligno'''}} bene ‘ligno’ quasi dissuasorie, non simulacro, ut paulo post “ducendum ad sedes simulacrum”. nam in suasione vel dissuasione tam sensus quam verba considerantur. {{sc|'''ligno'''}}] adfectavit tapinosin dicens ‘ligno’; infirmare enim vult fictam eorum religionem.

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber II#45|47.]]}} {{sc|'''inspectvra'''}} DOMOS, bene ‘inspectura’; muris enim portisque deiectis, qui apud Troiam hoc machinamento perrupti sunt, necesse erat domos inspici. {{sc|'''ventvraqve desvper vrbi'''}} hoc est oppressura civitatem.

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber II#45|48.]]}} {{sc|'''avt aliqvis latet error'''}} non confirmat, ut plus in eo fraudis videatur esse, quam fuit. {{sc|'''error'''}} id est dolus, ut “inextricabilis error”. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur. distinguendum sane ‘error’, et sic dicendum ‘equo ne credite Teucri’. item ‘quicquid id est, timeo’, hoc enim melius est. {{sc|'''eqvo latet'''}} id est sub praetexto, sub specie equi. alii ‘equo’ in equo accipiunt. {{sc|'''ne credite'''}} ne confidite, id est nolite eorum fiduciam habere, qui timendi sunt, etiam cum ultro offerunt dona.

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber II#45|49.]]}} {{sc|'''qvicqvid id est'''}} ‘timeo’ inquit ‘quicquid omnino in equo est; ceterum Danaos, etiam dona ferentes’.

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber II#50|51.]]}} {{sc|'''in latvs'''}} quidam inter ventrem et latus percussum intellegunt. [2.multi ita volunt intellegi ‘in latus stetit, in alvum contorsit hastam.'] quidam deesse aliquid putant, ut sit sensus ‘inclinans se in latus ad ictum vehementiorem intorsit hastam’, nam si latus equi accipias, contrarium erit quod subiunxit ‘alvum’. {{sc|'''feri'''}} quadrupedis: ab eo quod toto corpore feratur, ut “pectebatque ferum” et paulo post “saucius at quadrupes”. {{sc|'''cvrvam alvvm'''}} Plautus masculino ait genere, quo non utimur. percussum sane intellegimus inter ventrem et latus.

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber II#50|52.]]}} {{sc|'''recvsso'''}} pro concusso, praepositio pro praepositione.

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber II#50|53.]]}} {{sc|'''cavae cavernae'''}} Graeca figura, ut ‘vitam vivere’, ‘mortem mori’. quae autem a veteribus cavernae appellatae sint superius dictum est.

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber II#50|54.]]}} {{sc|'''fata devm'''}} ‘fata’ modo participium est, hoc est ‘quae dii loquuntur’, ut Statius “et vocem fata sequuntur”. {{sc|'''si mens non laeva fvisset'''}} Troianorum scilicet; bene ergo divisit. sane {{sc|'''laeva'''}} modo contraria. et sciendum laevum, cum de humanis rebus est, esse contrarium, cum de caelestibus, prosperum, ut “intonuit laevum”, quia sinistra numinum intuentibus dextra sunt.

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber II#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''foedare'''}} dilacerare. foedum enim tam apud Vergilium, quam apud Sallustium non turpe significat, sed crudele, ut “sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacraverat ignis”, Sallustius “foedi oculi”. alii ‘foedare’ secundum Graecos accipiunt. quid enim foedius, quam duces Graecorum latentes deprehendi? {{sc|'''latebras'''}} autem amare dixit.

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber II#55|56.]]}} {{sc|'''stares'''}} si ‘staret’ legeris, ‘maneres’ sequitur propter homoioteleuton. et est apostropha.

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber II#55|57.]]}} {{sc|'''ecce manvs'''}} haec particula prope rem gestam ante oculos lectoris inducit. sane saepe dictum est, Vergilium inventa occasione mentionem iuris pontificalis facere in quacumque persona. antiquis itaque caerimoniis cautum erat, ne vinctus flaminiam introiret, si introisset, solveretur vinclaque per impluvium effunderentur inque viam publicam eicerentur. flaminia autem domus flaminis dicitur, sicut regia regis domus. [2.quod] hic de Sinone rem flaminis a rege factam debemus accipere, “ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari vincla iubet Priamus”; quod factum sub divo, illo versu ostendit “sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas” et “vos aeterni ignes”, id est sidera: quod utique incongrue dictum videtur, nisi sub divo Sinonem stantem haec dixisse accipiamus. ideo autem ‘iuvenem’ dicendo nomen suspendit, quo gravior narratio fieret, si ordine suo referrentur quae gesta sunt. {{sc|'''manvs revinctvm'''}} ut “oculos suffusa”.

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber II#55|58.]]}} {{sc|'''trahebant'''}} cum festinatione adducebant, ut “conventus trahit in medios”. et modo ‘trahebant’ ad desiderium ducentum et Sinonis pertinet simulationem. non quia renititur Sinon, nam contrarium esset ‘qui se ignotum venientibus ultro’.

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber II#55|59.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis se'''}} quibus se. alii ‘qui se’ legunt.

{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber II#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc ipsvm'''}} vel ut caperetur, vel quod Graeci simulabant. {{sc|'''hoc ipsvm'''}} per ‘m’, quia usurpatum est ‘ipse’, et est naturale ‘ipsus’, ut “ipsus mihi Davus”. dicimus ergo ‘ipsus ipsa ipsum’, ut ‘doctus docta doctum’. {{sc|'''vt strveret'''}} ut confirmaret praeiacta dolorum semina. et respexit ad superiora, ut “aedificant”. {{sc|'''vt strveret'''}}] vel astrueret vel incoatum a Graecis perficeret. quod ipse exposuit ‘Troiamque aperiret Achivis’.

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber II#60|61.]]}} {{sc|'''fidens animi'''}} ut “o praestans animi iuvenis”. et est nomen; desiit enim esse participium, quia genetivo casui cohaeret et potest recipere conparationem. sane veteres fiduciam interdum pro crimine et audacia ponebant, ut Sallustius “ita fiducia quam argumentis purgatiores dimittuntur”. et Vergilius “nam quis te, iuvenum confidentissime”. {{sc|'''in vtrvmqve'''}} ‘in’ modo ‘ad’ significat, alibi pro ‘contra’, ut etiam supra diximus. sane sequenti versu exposuit, quid est ‘in utrumque paratus’.

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber II#60|62.]]}} {{sc|'''versare dolo'''}} dolo evertere, et subaudis Troianos; aut ‘dolos versare’, hoc est exercere. hinc versutus, quod facile se ad ea quae usus poscit vertit. Plautus “versutior es, quam rota figularis” (Epid. 371). {{sc|'''occvmbere morti'''}} novae locutionis figura et penitus remota. Ennius “ut vos vostri liberi defendant, pro vostra vita morti occumbant obviam”.

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber II#60|63.]]}} {{sc|'''visendi'''}} frequentativum est ‘viso’, ut ‘verso’ ‘facesso’, licet rarum sit; nam in ‘to’ exeunt frequentativa.

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber II#60|64.]]}} {{sc|'''circvmfvsa rvit'''}} figura hupallage, ruit primo et sic circumfusa est. {{sc|'''certant'''}} cum supra ‘iuventus ruit’ dixerit, subiunxit ‘certant’. figuratum est, quia iuventus enuntiatione singulare est, intellectu plurale. {{sc|'''inlvdere capto'''}} et ‘inludo tibi’ dicimus, ut hoc loco, et ‘inludo te’, ut “verbis virtutem inlude superbis”, et ‘inludo in te’. simile est et ‘insulto’. quidam ‘inludere’ per ludum ac iocum saevire in iniuriam alicuius intellegunt, ut “silvestres uri adsidue capraeque sequaces inludunt”. ‘capto’ autem, quod ita Troiani putabant.

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber II#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut ‘da’ dic, ut “qui sit da Tityre nobis”. {{sc|'''insidias'''}} servavit ordinem respondendo ad illud, quod regina interrogaverat “insidias, inquit, Danaum”. {{sc|'''crimine ab vno'''}} hoc est causa, ut “crimen amor vestrum”: ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur. si enim simpliciter intellexeris ‘crimine’, de negotio ad personam vitiosum transitum facis. alii sic legunt ‘Danaum insidias et crimina’.

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber II#65|67.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbatvs'''}} quasi turbatus, ut “exultat Amazon”, id est quasi Amazon. et hoc ad fidem faciendam: non enim turbatus, supra enim ait ‘seu versare dolos, seu certae occumbere morti’. {{sc|'''inermis'''}} quidam supplex accipiunt, ut “tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes”.

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber II#65|69.]]}} {{sc|'''hev'''}} modo una est syllaba, sed interdum propter metrum duae fiunt, ut “eheu quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in ervo”, sicut ‘prendit’ et ‘prehendit’, et secundum Plinium multa sunt talia. {{sc|'''tellvs'''}} et {{sc|'''aeqvora'''}} bene conciliat miserationem, de communibus duobus exclusus elementis. sane ‘tellus’ ‘us’ longa est: et sunt pauca quae ‘us’ producunt, ut senectus iuventus salus virtus palus servitus incus tus rus mus pus, tunc scilicet cum genetivus in ‘tis’ vel in ‘ris’ exit et habet paenultimam longam. ideo autem ‘tis’ et ‘ris’ diximus, quia palus, licet paludis longa sit ‘lu’, brevis tamen non numquam invenitur, quia in ‘dis’ exit genetivus, ut Horatius “sterilisque diu palus aptaque remis”. ‘aequora’ vero modo maria, alibi campos, ut “ac prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus aequor:” dictum enim est ab aequalitate. {{sc|'''hev qvae'''}} NUNC... {{sc|'''accipere'''}}] quia Graeci tenebant maria, Troiani terras. sane quod deflet, ideo ei prima brevis datur oratio. et est controversiae schema: nam principium satis docte sumptum est; hac enim exclamatione et miseriae auctu benivolum sibi iudicem fecit, querelae autem novitate attentum. quis enim non cuperet audire, quo pacto idem homo et Graecis et Troianis esset invisus? denique subiecit ‘quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis impetus: hortamur fari quo sanguine cretus, quidve ferat; memoret quae sit fiducia capto’. habet ergo benivolentiam et attentionem. ingressus deinde causam, quia timebat, ne persona Graeci suspecta esset quasi hostis, hoc fatetur primum et ex sequentibus sanat ‘neque me Argolica de gente negabo: hoc primum; nec si miserum Fortuna Sinonem finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque inproba finget’. subiungit fabulam ex qua sibi fidem paret dicturus de equo. de Palamede autem et Iphigenia ad Troianos nil pertinet, de quibus vera incipit et in falsa desinit; facile enim quae sequuntur credibilia sunt, cum prima recognoscuntur: quae per singula loca vel versus facilius poterimus advertere.

{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber II#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''deniqve'''}} aut vacat, sicut ‘gentium’, aut novissime significat.

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber II#70|71.]]}} {{sc|'''et svper'''}} et insuper. {{sc|'''ipsi'''}} quos pro merito meo minime deceat saevos esse, [2.hoc est], quibus sum praestaturus salutem.

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber II#70|72.]]}} {{sc|'''infensi'''}} infensus proprie est plus quam inimicus, ab inimico maior. {{sc|'''poenas cvm sangvine'''}} id est et tormenta et mortem. potest enim aliud esse sine alio.

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber II#70|73.]]}} {{sc|'''conversi animi'''}} bene, quia dixerat ‘et super ipsi Dardanidae infensi’, ut ostenderet eos, cum advenienti inludere certarent, audito eius gemitu ad miserationem esse conversos.

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber II#70|74.]]}} {{sc|'''impetvs'''}} quo in Sinonis ferebamur interitum. {{sc|'''hortamvr'''}} bene, non ‘iubemus’, utpote miserantes. {{sc|'''qvo sangvine cretvs'''}} quibus sit parentibus natus: nam Graecum esse constabat.

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber II#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, id est nuntiet. {{sc|'''memoret qvae sit fidvcia capto'''}} aut dicat quae tanta sit in captivo fiducia, ut audeat dicere ‘et super ipsi’: aut certe ‘memoret’ est meminerit, ut significet, meminerit in captivo per veriloquium vitae esse fiduciam. unde et responsio talis est ‘fatebor vera’. alii ‘memorem’ legunt, ut sit sensus, hortabamur ad loquendum memorem, hoc est qui diligenter factionis suae meminerat. {{sc|'''memoret qvae sit fidvcia capto'''}}] vel [2.ut] memor sit, quid in captivo victori liceat, vel ‘quidve ferat memoret’, id est quid afferat dicat, ut simpliciter accipiatur quod sequitur, quid illud sit quod ei fiduciam apud hostes capto pariat, ut putet a Troianis sibi esse parcendum.

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber II#75|77.]]}} {{sc|'''fverit qvodcvmqve'''}} id est quicumque me sequitur eventus. {{sc|'''fverit qvodcvmqve'''}}] sive miseratus vitam concedere volueris, sive non. est autem parenthesis, et respicit ad illud ‘memoret, quae sit fiducia capto’. suspendendum ergo ‘rex’. sane ‘quodcumque’ vetusta voce mortem significari Lucilius docet in XII. “hunc, si quid pueris nobis me et fratre fuisset”, hoc est, si mors vel me vel fratrem oppressisset. ergo ut quidam volunt urbane animum hominis mortem contemnentis ostendit. ‘vera’ inquit, ut et falsa, quae postea dicturus est, vera credantur: ideo primo a veris coepit. ordo autem est, fatebor cuncta vera, neque me Argolica de gente negabo. quod sciebant Troiani confessus est, ut ei de ceteris crederetur.

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber II#75|79.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm'''}} hoc maximum est vel principale apud me, verum dicere. vel {{sc|'''hoc primvm'''}} ‘fatebor’ subaudis. {{sc|'''nec si miservm fortvna sinonem finxit'''}} quidam ita intellegunt: si me Fortuna ad hanc miseriam perducere potuit, non valebit etiam stultum facere, ut putem me mentiendo proficere. {{sc|'''sinonem'''}} Autolycus quidam fur fuit, qui se varias formabat in species. hic habuit liberos Aesimum, unde natus est Sinon, et Anticliam, unde Ulixes: consobrini ergo sunt. nec inmerito Vergilius Sinoni dat et fallaciam et proditionis officium, ne multum discedat a fabula, quia secundum Euphorionem Ulixes haec fecit. {{sc|'''sinonem'''}} melius, quam si ‘me’ dixisset; solet enim et in nomine quaedam esse emphasis, ut “et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret”.

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber II#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''finxit'''}} conposuit, formavit, ut “et corpora fingere lingua”. et notandum quia omnis Sinonis oratio diasyrtica est: nam et negotium exprimit, et Troianorum insultat stultitiae, ut hoc loco. {{sc|'''finxit vanvm'''}} fallacem. et vanus est qui etiam sine utilitate mentitur, mendax qui tantum ad decipiendum. sane ‘vanus’ stultus apud idoneos non invenitur, ut ait Iuvenalis “sic libitum vano qui nos distinxit Othoni”.

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber II#80|81.]]}} {{sc|'''fando aliqvod si forte tvas pervenit ad avres'''}} dum dicitur. et utitur bona arte mendacii, ut praemittat vera et sic falsa subiungat. nam quod de Palamede dicit verum est, quod de se subiungit falsum. et sciendum ex hac historia partem dici, partem supprimi, partem intellegentibus linqui. nam Palamedes, ut Apollonius dicit, septimo gradu a Belo originem ducens, cum dilectum per Graeciam ageret, simulantem insaniam Ulixen duxit invitum. cum enim ille iunctis dissimilis naturae animalibus salem sereret, filium ei Palamedes opposuit. quo viso Ulixes aratra suspendit, et ad bellum ductus habuit iustam causam doloris. postea cum Ulixes frumentatum missus ad Thraciam nihil advexisset, a Palamede est vehementer increpitus. et cum diceret adeo non esse neglegentiam suam, ut ne ipse quidem si pergeret quicquam posset advehere, profectus Palamedes infinita frumenta devexit. qua invidia Ulixes auctis inimicitiis fictam epistolam Priami nomine ad Palamedem, per quam agebat gratias proditionis et commemorabat secretum auri pondus esse transmissum, dedit captivo, et eum in itinere fecit occidi. haec inventa more militiae regi adlata est et lecta principibus convocatis. tunc Ulixes cum se Palamedi adesse simularet, ait, si verum esse creditis, in tentorio eius aurum quaeratur. quo facto invento auro, quod ipse per noctem corruptis servis absconderat, Palamedes lapidibus interemptus est. hunc autem constat fuisse prudentem. nam et tabulam ipse invenit ad conprimendas otiosi seditiones exercitus, ut Varro testatur. secundum quosdam ipse repperit litteras. quae res forte sit dubia, tamen certum est * * * kh ab hoc inventas cum h aspiratione.

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber II#80|82.]]}} {{sc|'''inclita gloria'''}} propter dilectum et frumenta.

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber II#80|83.]]}} {{sc|'''falsa svb proditione'''}} sub falso crimine proditionis. et rem notam per transitum dicit; unde et paulo post ‘haud ignota loquor’. quamquam ibi possit intellegi, haud ignota nobis, sed forte etiam ad vos potuit pervenire. sciendum sane factum hoc vere et Troianos scisse. sed Sinon callide quasi ignorantibus quae vera sunt dicit, ut fidem sequentibus faciat. {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} a Pelasgo Terrae filio, qui in Arcadia genitus dicitur, ut Hesiodus tradit.

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber II#80|84.]]}} {{sc|'''infando indicio'''}} propter aurum clam suppositum. ‘indicio’ autem delatione. {{sc|'''qvia bella vetabat'''}} iam hoc falsum est, sed dicitur ad Sinonis commendationem; nam aliam ob causam Palamedes periit. et bene ad captandam circa amicos eius miseriam adiungitur, quia pacis auctor fuit.

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber II#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''cassvm'''}} privatum, vacuum. [2.et] {{sc|'''cassvm'''}} est quasi quassum et nihil continens; nam et vas quassum, quod humorem in se non continet et est vacuum: unde et retia casses, quod multum in se vacui habeant. {{sc|'''nvnc cassvm lvmine lvgent'''}}] [2.sane] vult Sinon suadere, vere fugisse Graecos, si Palameden lugere potuerunt.

{{ancora+|86|[[Aeneis/Liber II#85|86.]]}} {{sc|'''illi me comitem'''}} oratorie se commendat. ‘illi’ id est qui bella vetabat. et bene ‘comitem’, non militem, quem eius inimici velut subparem insequerentur. {{sc|'''et consangvinitate propinqvvm'''}} excusatio a necessitudine, sed hoc totum falsum est.

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber II#85|87.]]}} {{sc|'''pavper'''}} excusatio a fortuna: haec enim fuerat causa militandi, ut Terentius “cum hinc egens profugiet aliquo militatum”. {{sc|'''primis hvc misit ab annis'''}} aut adolescentiae, aut belli. et est excusatio, quia patri parendum necessario fuit; ideo ait ‘misit’.

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber II#85|88.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stabat regno'''}} quia et ipse unus de regibus fuit. et bene addidit dignitatem eius quem fingebat propinquum, ut ei iusta causa fuerit indignationis adversus Ulixem.

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber II#85|89.]]}} {{sc|'''et nos'''}} pluralis numerus pro singulari, ut Sallustius “nos in tanta doctissimorum copia”. an ‘nos’ se et patrem dixit? {{sc|'''et nos'''}}] id est ut Palamedes. {{sc|'''nomen'''}} gloriam, ut “nomen Echionium matrisque genus Peridiae”. alii ‘nomen’ nobilitatem accipiunt, ut “cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent”.

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber II#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''invidia'''}} propter advectum frumentum. {{sc|'''pellacis'''}} per blanditias decipientis. pellicere enim est blandiendo elicere.

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber II#90|91.]]}} {{sc|'''concessit'''}} pro decessit.

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber II#90|92.]]}} {{sc|'''adflictvs'''}} suspendendum, ne videatur adflictum se dicere, quia in tenebris vitam trahebat, sed quia amicum perdiderit. {{sc|'''vitam in tenebris'''}} ideo lugentibus inimica lux est, quia caruerunt ea hi quos dolent; ideo tenebras petunt et atra veste amiciuntur et capita velant, ut videantur cum defunctis agere, imitantes tenebris inferorum faciem.

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber II#90|93.]]}} {{sc|'''insontis amici'''}} duo posuit, et ‘insontis’ et ‘amici’. et plus est quod amicum dixit, quam propinquum. {{sc|'''mecvm indignabar'''}} quomodo ergo ‘nec tacui demens'? intellegimus istum quasi tacuisse primo, post inpatientia doloris erupisse. {{sc|'''et casvm insontis'''}} M. I. {{sc|'''amici'''}}] [2.aut] quod interim non vindicarem amici insontis interitum.

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber II#90|94.]]}} {{sc|'''fors siqva'''}} bene ‘siqua’, quia est et bona et mala. {{sc|'''tvlisset'''}} non nulli pro retulisset intellegunt.

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber II#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''si patrios vmqvam remeassem victor ad argos'''}} bene dubitat, ut ostendat, propter Palameden omnes sibi Graecos inimicos fuisse. {{sc|'''victor'''}} autem ut quidam volunt voti compos, ut est “quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humi”, quia aliter dictum potuit non bene a Troianis accipi. {{sc|'''argos'''}} Argi ab Argo dicti, quem custodem vaccae, in quam Io fuerat commutata Mercurius occidit.

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber II#95|96.]]}} {{sc|'''promisi'''}} per contrarium ait pro minatus sum, quia minamur mala, promittimus bona. sic Horatius contra “atqui vultus erat multa et praeclara minantis”, id est promittentis. [2.et] {{sc|'''promisi vltorem'''}} deest ‘futurum’.

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber II#95|97.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc mihi'''}} pro ‘hac causa’ vel ‘propter hoc’. et est adverbium locale pro coniunctione causali. {{sc|'''prima mali labes'''}} quia secuta sunt postea oraculum et adscita Calchantis factio. ‘adscita’ sane dicitur adsumpta. ‘labes’ vero ruinam significat, a lapsu.

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber II#95|98.]]}} {{sc|'''criminibvs'''}} causis, ut supra “et crimine ab uno”. {{sc|'''novis'''}} aut magnis, aut quae nullus sperasset; aut aliis atque aliis. {{sc|'''spargere voces'''}} ut Cicero “et spargere venena didicerunt”.

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber II#95|99.]]}} {{sc|'''ambigvas'''}} aut dubias, ne si aperte ageret, accusatio esse videretur, aut suspicionum et criminum plenas. {{sc|'''conscivs'''}} aut peracti sceleris, [2.de nece Palamedis] aut dolorum suorum, ut est in tertio “oblitusve sui est Ithacus”. aut certe sciens hunc meum animum. {{sc|'''arma'''}} modo fraudes vel dolos, nam arma sunt instrumenta cuiuslibet rei: unde et insidiantis fraudes ‘arma’ nominavit. alii ‘arma’ pro opibus vel auxiliis accipiunt. alii ‘arma’ consilium, alii occasionem, non nulli insidias intellegunt: quidam ‘conscius arma’ hypallagen putant pro ‘conscientia arma’, ut “et quondam patriis ad Troiam missus in armis” et “arma deosque parant comites” et “alia arma Latinis quaerenda”.

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber II#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''nec reqvievit enim'''}} aut vacat ‘enim’, aut pendet sensus, ut et posterior ‘donec Calchante ministro’: arte enim agitur, semiplena dicendo ut cogat et interrogare et avidius audire Troianos. {{sc|'''calchante ministro'''}} ‘me destinat arae’, et est aposiopesis. et mire ‘ministro’, quasi non exierit a se responsum.

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber II#100|101.]]}} {{sc|'''sed qvid ego'''}} aposiopesis. et bene reticuit, ne taederet illos tam longae orationis, nihil ad se pertinentis, nisi studium audiendi intermissione renovasset. {{sc|'''avtem'''}} hic abundat. {{sc|'''ingrata'''}} nec vobis placitura, nec mihi gratiam conciliantia. {{sc|'''ingrata'''}}] quorum iam non libenter memini.

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber II#100|102.]]}} {{sc|'''qvidve'''}} MOROR?? vestram scilicet festinationem, vel mortem. {{sc|'''omnes'''}} et eos, qui prodesse disponunt. {{sc|'''vno ordine'''}} uno reatu. et est de antiqua tractum scientia, quia in ordinem dicebantur causae propter multitudinem vel tumultum festinantum, cum erat annus litium. Iuvenalis “expectandus erit qui lites inchoet annus”.

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber II#100|103.]]}} {{sc|'''idqve avdire sat est'''}} me Graium esse. {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} modo ‘quam primum’. {{sc|'''svmite poenas'''}} scilicet ut satis faciatis Graecis, qui me oderunt. et dicendo mortem suam gratam esse Graecis, et Troianorum benivolentiam conciliat, et ut sibi reliqua credantur extorquet.

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber II#100|104.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc ithacvs velit et magno mercentvr atridae'''}} callide hoc dicto impetrat vitam, adserens mortem suam illorum hostibus esse placituram. ideo autem dicit ‘mercentur’, quia sacrorum est, ut fugiens victima ubicumque inventa sit, occidatur, ne piaculum committatur. ergo Sinon qui victima fuerat, quippe qui propter reditum sacrificio fuerat destinatus, nec possent Graeci nisi vel empta morte Sinonis ad patriam redire, iure et votis et praemio Graecorum interimitur. ‘Ithacus’ vero pro ‘Ithacensis’, principale pro derivativo. {{sc|'''magno mercentvr'''}} id est pretio, ut “Turno tempus erit magno cum optaverit emptum intactum Pallanta”.

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber II#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''ardemvs scitari'''}} festinamus inquirere. et ecce, quo proficit aposiopesin ante fecisse. {{sc|'''qvaerere cavsas'''}} cur a Graecis eius optaretur interitus.

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber II#105|106.]]}} {{sc|'''ignari'''}} aut nescientes, aut imprudentes. {{sc|'''artisqve pelasgae'''}} ars ton meson est. ideo adiecit ‘Pelasgae’, hoc est malae.

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber II#105|107.]]}} {{sc|'''proseqvitvr'''}} mire, ut ab initio coeperat. {{sc|'''pavitans'''}} quasi pavitans. {{sc|'''pavitans'''}}] hoc est simulans se pavere. et non tam propter mortem: nam erit illi contrarium ‘iamdudum sumite poenas’: sed ut videretur cum timore civium suorum consilia vel secreta patefacere. {{sc|'''ficto pectore'''}} pectus pro verbis posuit: nam numquam fingitur pectus.

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber II#105|108.]]}} {{sc|'''saepe fvgam danai'''}} hoc secundum Homerum verum est, apud quem suadet Agamemnon Graecis relicto bello fugere. et ut ostendat propter bellum fugere, ait ‘cupiere’, non ‘voluere’.

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber II#105|109.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} parare. et hoc verbo difficultatem rei ostendit. {{sc|'''longo'''}} decennali. {{sc|'''fessi bello'''}} Troianos laudando: si enim fatigati sunt Graeci, horum virtus probatur: [2.et] sibi favorem conciliat.

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber II#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''fecissentqve vtinam'''}} nec enim hic arae destinaretur. et est significatio optandi a praeterito tempore. {{sc|'''ponti hiemps'''}} bene addidit ‘ponti’, quia est et temporis.

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber II#110|111.]]}} {{sc|'''evntes'''}} ire cupientes, ut “cum canerem reges et proelia”, id est cum canere vellem. et est figura Graeca, ubi statuisse aliquid pro inchoatione habetur.

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber II#110|112.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} contra illud, ne diceretur numina non esse placata. et bene aliud agens equi mentionem introduxit. {{sc|'''trabibvs acernis'''}} speciem pro genere posuit, id est pro quocumque ligno. nam variat ligni genera in hoc equo, ut “abiete costas” et “pinea claustra”, ita hic ‘acernis’.

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber II#110|113.]]}} {{sc|'''aethere'''}} pro aere posuit poetica licentia.

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber II#110|114.]]}} {{sc|'''svspensi'''}} aut solliciti, ut “nostroque in limine pendes”, quia tempestas nec post dona mutabatur: aut ad nimbos refertur distinctione mutata, ut distinguamus ‘nimbi suspensi’. {{sc|'''scitantem'''}} participium pro participio est, id est scitaturum. alii ‘scitatum’ legunt, id est inquisitum. {{sc|'''oracvla'''}} ad templa de quibus dantur oracula. alibi ‘oracula’ responsa, ut “lapsis quaesitum oracula rebus” et “quin adeas vatem precibusque oracula poscas”.

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber II#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''adytis'''}} adytum est locus templi secretior, ad quem nulli est aditus nisi sacerdoti. {{sc|'''tristia dicta reportat'''}} renuntiat. more suo breviter habitum futurae orationis ostendit.

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber II#115|116.]]}} {{sc|'''sangvine placastis ventos et virgine caesa cvm primvm'''}} hic distinguendum est, quia et semel ad Troiam ventum est, et ante quam ad eam veniretur de Iphigenia est sacrificatum. cuius fabula talis est. cum Graeci ad Aulidem venissent, Agamemnon Dianae cervam cum venatur occidit ignarus. unde dea irata flatus ventorum, qui ad Troiam ducebant, removit. quam ob rem cum nec navigare possent, et pestilentiam sustinerent, consulta per Calchantem oracula dixerunt, Agamemnonio sanguine, hoc est immolata Iphigenia Dianam esse placandam. ergo cum ab Ulixe per nuptiarum simulationem, qui Iphigeniam Achilli iungendam fingebat, adducta Iphigenia in eo esset ut immolaretur, numinis miseratione sublata est cervaque subposita, et translata ad Tauricam regionem regi Thoanti tradita est sacerdosque facta Dictynnae Dianae, vel ut quidam volunt Orthiae Dianae. quae cum secundum statutam consuetudinem humano sanguine numen placaret, agnovit fratrem Oresten, qui accepto oraculo carendi furoris causa cum amico Pylade, a cuius patre, Strofio nomine, fuerat nutritus, Colchos petierat, et cum his occiso Thoante, simulacrum sustulit absconditum fasce lignorum: unde et Facelitis dicitur, non tantum a face, cum qua pingitur, propter quod et Lucifera dicitur: et Ariciam detulit. sed cum postea Romanis sacrorum crudelitas displiceret, quamquam servi immolarentur, ad Laconas est Diana translata, ubi sacrificii consuetudo adulescentum verberibus servatur, qui vocabantur Bomonicae, quia aris superpositi contendebant, qui plura posset verbera sustinere. Orestis vero ossa Aricia Romam translata sunt et condita ante templum Saturni, quod est ante clivum Capitolinum iuxta Concordiae templum. {{sc|'''virgine caesa'''}} non vere, sed ut videbatur. et sciendum in sacris simulata pro veris accipi: unde cum de animalibus quae difficile inveniuntur est sacrificandum, de pane vel cera fiunt et pro veris accipiuntur. hinc est etiam illud “sparserat et latices simulatos fontis Averni”. nam et in templo Isidis aqua sparsa de Nilo esse dicebatur.

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber II#115|117.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacas danai venistis ad oras'''}} figuratum: cum primum venire velletis. sane hoc de Iphigenia verum est.

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber II#115|118.]]}} {{sc|'''sangvine qvaerendi reditvs'''}} hoc falsum est. et bene oraculorum naturam servat, ut a re ipsa semper incipiat, ut alibi “Dardanidae duri”; dicendo enim ‘Dardanidae’ ostendit quae loca petere debeant.

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber II#115|119.]]}} {{sc|'''argolica'''}} quia occurrebat occidi potuisse captivum. ergo ideo addidit ‘Argolica’, ne non esset triste oraculum. videtur sane peritia iuris pontificalis animalis hostiae mentionem fecisse, cum dicit ‘animaque litandum Argolica’; nam et ‘animam’ dixit, et ‘litare’ verbo pontificali usus est, id est sacrificiis deos placare.

{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber II#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''obstvpvere animi'''}} omnes enim crediderunt se perire posse, antequam unus esset delectus.

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber II#120|121.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi fata parent'''}} cui praeparent mortem. {{sc|'''fata'''}} id est responsa. sunt qui ita dividant: ‘cui fata parent’ vitam, ‘quem poscat Apollo’, ut moriatur.

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber II#120|122.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc. {{sc|'''vatem'''}} nunc divinum, alias poetam “tu vatem, tu diva mone”, alias sacerdotem, ut “et aurea vati cassida”. {{sc|'''magno tvmvltv'''}} ad factionem tegendam.

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber II#120|123.]]}} {{sc|'''protrahit'''}} quasi nolentem. {{sc|'''nvmina divvm'''}} pro oraculis posuit. et quaeritur modo, non quid dicant, nam planum est; sed quis debeat immolari. {{sc|'''qvae sint ea nvmina divvm'''}}] id est ut ambiguitatem oraculorum interpretetur.

{{ancora+|124|[[Aeneis/Liber II#120|124.]]}} {{sc|'''flagitat'''}} id est invidiose poscit, unde et quod flagitatione dignum est flagitium dicitur. {{sc|'''mihi'''}} quidam graviter pronuntiandum tradunt ‘mihi’, hoc est Sinoni. {{sc|'''mvlti crvdele canebant'''}} ‘multi’ bis intellegendum, id est multi videbant taciti, multi etiam dicebant, ne sit contrarium ‘canebant taciti’. quamvis multi sic exponant: qui mihi amici erant dicebant, qui inimici, tacebant, ut provenirent quae praesentiebant.

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber II#125|126.]]}} {{sc|'''bis qvinos silet ille dies'''}} dicimus et ‘bis quinis silet ille diebus’. {{sc|'''bis'''}} Q. S. I. D.] scilicet auctoritatis quaerendae gratia, ut sit axiopistia eius qui invitus diceret. {{sc|'''tectvs'''}} aut multitudini se subtrahens, aut tegens consilium suum. aut cautus, ne intellegeretur. {{sc|'''recvsat'''}} abnegat.

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber II#125|127.]]}} {{sc|'''prodere'''}} bene prodere: me enim dicturus, quem sciebat. {{sc|'''opponere'''}} obicere, destinare.

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber II#125|128.]]}} {{sc|'''vix tandem'''}} aut iunge, et vacat ‘tandem’; aut separa, et est exaggeratio a synonymis, ut “abiit excessit, evasit erupit”. et est ordo ‘vix tandem rumpit vocem’.

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber II#125|129.]]}} {{sc|'''composito'''}} ex pacto. {{sc|'''rvmpit vocem'''}} hoc est erumpit in vocem, et dictum est per contrarium. nam si ‘silentium rumpere’ est loqui, ut “quid me alta silentia cogis rumpere?”, ‘vocem rumpere’ est tacere. sed aliqua interdum simpliciter, interdum per contrarium intelleguntur.

{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber II#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvae sibi qvisqve timebat'''}} ideo hoc addidit, quia dixerat ‘adsensere omnes’, ne videretur fuisse cunctis suae gentis invisus. aut ‘adsensere omnes’ ad provocandam in se Troianorum misericordiam dicit, cum eorum hostes omnes ad crudelitatem consensisse adserat. est autem figuratius, si legatur ‘timebant’.

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber II#130|132.]]}} {{sc|'''mihi'''}} multi posterioribus, multi primis iungunt; unus tamen est sensus. {{sc|'''parari'''}} infinitus modus pro indicativo. et est figura propria historiographorum, ut Sallustius “equitare, iaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare”; ut poetarum propria est “nuda genu” et “torvum clamat”. quod autem ait Cicero “bellicum canit” non est figura, sed sermo naturalis; est enim soni nomen. quidam sane ‘parari’ pro ‘parabantur’ accipiunt et ad omnia hoc subaudiunt.

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber II#130|133.]]}} {{sc|'''salsae frvges'''}} sal et far, quod dicitur mola salsa, qua et frons victimae et foci aspergebantur et cultri. fiebat autem de horna fruge et horno sale, ut Horatius “et horna fruge”. {{sc|'''vittae'''}} quibus victimae coronabantur.

{{ancora+|134|[[Aeneis/Liber II#130|134.]]}} {{sc|'''leto'''}} non sacrificio: invidiose locutus est. et est hysteroproteron, prius enim erat ut vincula rumperet, et sic fugeret. {{sc|'''vincvla rvpi'''}} atqui solutae sunt hostiae; nam piaculum est in sacrificio aliquid esse religatum: unde est “unum exuta pedem vinclis, in veste recincta” item “vittasque resolvit sacrati capitis”. ergo vincula religionis intellege, ut “et vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis”, scilicet foederis; nec enim obsides umquam ligantur. sed huic expositioni illud occurrit, unde iste ligatus fuerit, quia eum Troiani non ligarunt; ultro enim se obtulerat. unde est intellegendum a Graecis magis ligatum ante tempus sacrificii; nam consuetudo illa quam supra diximus erat in ipso tempore sacrificiorum. ante enim ligari et Iuvenalis docet, dicens “sed procul extensum petulans quatit hostia funem”.

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber II#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''limosoqve lacv'''}} ut verisimilem fugam faciat, circumstantiis utitur. notandum sane, Vergilium sub aliorum persona causam exsequi nobilium, ut hoc loco Marii, item paulo post Pompeii, ut “iacet ingens litore truncus”. {{sc|'''per noctem obscvrvs'''}} bona elocutio est rem temporis ad personam transferre, ut ‘matutinus venit’. {{sc|'''vlva'''}} herba palustris. sane in arte rhetorica omnem narrationem cum rei partibus dicunt convenire debere, loco tempore materia causa persona. hic ad singula respondetur: nam persona Ulixis ponitur ad fallendum aptissima; causa, quia timeret ne ultor esset Palamedis; tempus ad nocendum aptissimum, cum sibi quisque timeret; modus agendi ‘bis quinos silet ille dies’; materia ‘salsae fruges et circum tempora vittae’; locus ‘per noctem obscurus in ulva delitui’.

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber II#135|136.]]}} {{sc|'''si forte dedissent'''}} medium se praebet: nam nec negat, nec confirmat eos navigasse, ne aut eis demat securitatem, aut quod supra dixit falsum sit, non posse navigare Graecos, nisi homine immolato: ut illorum sit quicquid elegerint. et artis est in argumentorum angustia incertis uti sermonibus. {{sc|'''si forte dedissent'''}}] [2.id est] quia iam scire non poterat, quid facturi essent, cum ipse fugisset.

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber II#135|137.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqvam'''}} caram. et bene commemorat liberos et parentem, ut ostendat se non deseruisse ut vilem, sed mortis fugisse terrore. et bene †ignotos finxit sibi liberos et parentem, ut maior miseratio ex pluribus nasceretur. quidam sane non ‘dulces’, sed ‘duplices’ legerunt, quia ‘dulces’ leve esset et commune epitheton liberorum.

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber II#135|139.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos illi'''}} de quibus illi. {{sc|'''fors et poenas'''}} forte et poenas. alii iungunt ‘forset’, ut sit forsan. et bene elicit misericordiam ostenditque, non se habere causam redeundi post mortem suorum: ne eum Troiani non reciperent, suspicantes ad suos quandoque rediturum.

{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber II#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''effvgia'''}} et ‘fuga’ dicimus et ‘effugium’, sicut ‘lana’ et ‘lanitium’, ut “si tibi lanitium curae”. hinc est ‘aequitas’ et ‘aequum’. sed hic dicendo ‘effugia’ verbo sacrorum et ad causam apto usus est. nam hostia quae ad aras adducta est immolanda, si casu effugeret, ‘effugia’ vocari veteri more solet; in cuius locum quae supposita fuerat, succidanea; si gravida fuerat, forda dicitur; quae sterilis autem est, taurea appellatur: unde ludi Taurei dicti, qui ex libris fatalibus a rege Tarquinio Superbo instituti sunt propterea, quod omnis partus mulierum male cedebat. alii ludos Taureos a Sabinis propter pestilentiam institutos dicunt, ut lues publica in has hostias verteretur. {{sc|'''cvlpam hanc'''}} vel quod fugi, vel quod me defensorem Palamedis dixeram. {{sc|'''piabvnt'''}} expiabunt: et ton meson est; nam plerumque et impiare significat. hic tamen ‘piabunt’ bene addidit, quia nisi per sanguinem diis accepta hostia non est: quod merito ex persona Sinonis inducitur, quia fatetur sacra per suam fugam fuisse violata. et vult etiam beneficii sibi debitores esse Troianos, quod interim Graeci ablegati sunt.

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber II#140|141.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod te per svperos'''}} propter quod. et finita narratione subiungit epilogos; neque enim quae non putaret credituros argumenta subicere debuit. sane per huius modi preces ostendere vult vera se dicere. {{sc|'''conscia nvmina veri'''}} bene medium tenuit; †nam ea numina invocans, quae sunt conscia numina veritatis, quia et pontifices dicunt, singulis actibus proprios deos praeesse. hos Varro certos deos appellat.

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber II#140|142.]]}} {{sc|'''per si qva est'''}} aut diasyrtice deridet, ut diximus, aut certe hoc ait: si aliqua est fides. quam cum sibi non adscribit, facit ut in eo esse credatur. {{sc|'''restet'''}} supersit. {{sc|'''vsqvam'''}} quia apud Graecos dicit fidem esse corruptam.

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber II#140|143.]]}} {{sc|'''intemerata'''}} incorrupta vel integra. alii tamen volunt ‘intemerata’ de libris sacris commutatis litteris esse praesumptum, †timaram enim fidem, id est sanctam appellabant, ut sit sensus, oro per fidem vehementer sanctam, si tamen est usquam penes homines. {{sc|'''oro'''}} ordo est ‘quod te oro per superos’. {{sc|'''laborvm'''}} periculorum, malorum. {{sc|'''miserere'''}} quidam pro ‘misereare’ accipiunt.

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber II#140|144.]]}} {{sc|'''non digna ferentis'''}} indigno luctu affecti.

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber II#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''et miserescimvs'''}} aut per se plenum est, aut cohaeret sequentibus, quia non potest primis: dicimus enim aut ‘illam rem miseror’, aut ‘illius rei misereor’, non ‘illis’. quidam ‘miserescimus’ pro miseremur, genus inchoativum volunt, ut ‘horreo horresco’, ‘gelo gelasco’: aliter ‘lentesco’ inchoativum, nullo praecedente verbo; neque enim est ‘lento’, ut sit ‘lentesco’. {{sc|'''vltro'''}} autem non est sponte: nam iam rogaverat: sed insuper. et venit ab eo quod est ‘ultra’; plus enim quam rogaverat, praestiterunt.

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber II#145|147.]]}} {{sc|'''vincla'''}}] pro ‘vincula’ per syncopen dictum. {{sc|'''arta vincla'''}} aut epexegesis manicarum est, aut utrumque habuit.

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber II#145|148.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}} licet hostis sis. et sunt, ut habemus in Livio, imperatoris verba transfugam recipientis in fidem ‘quisquis es noster eris’. item “vigilasne, deum gens” verba sunt, quibus pontifex maximus utitur in pulvinaribus: quia variam scientiam suo inserit carmini. {{sc|'''amissos obliviscere'''}} ut “obliviscor iniurias tuas, Clodia”. dicimus autem et ‘amissorum obliviscere’. et ‘obliviscere’ quidam pro contemne vel neglige, ut “oblitus fatorum”. {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}} aut ex hoc tempore, aut ex hac oratione, qua tibi salutem in tuto polliceor, aut ex eo, quod te dicis Ulixis factione laborasse.

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber II#145|149.]]}} {{sc|'''edissere vera'''}} hic distinguendum; vera enim audire desiderat. ‘edissere’ autem ordine cuncta narra, unde qui plane loquuntur dissertores fiunt et diserti vocantur. sane hoc ab illo Priamus exigit, quod ipse ei statim obtulit ‘cuncta equidem tibi rex’.

{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber II#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo molem'''}} quam ob causam, in quem usum. et ad hoc respondit Sinon ‘ne recipi portis’. et est color, qui in coniecturali statu saepe requiritur. hunc tamen equum quidam longum centum viginti, latum triginta fuisse tradunt, cuius cauda genua oculi moventur. {{sc|'''qvis'''}} AUCTOR?? ad hoc respondit ‘Calchas attollere iussit’.

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber II#150|151.]]}} {{sc|'''qvidve'''}} PETUNT?? quid desiderant? utique ut placetur Minerva. {{sc|'''qvae'''}} RELLIGIO?? quae consecratio. {{sc|'''machina belli'''}} ecce subtiliter secutus [2.est] historiam machinamenti bellici mentionem facit. et servat dignitatem regiam; breviter enim reges interrogant, non ut minores, quos plus loqui necesse est.

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber II#150|152.]]}} {{sc|'''dolis et arte'''}} unam rem secundo dixit, quia ars ton meson est, sicut supra diximus. {{sc|'''ad sidera'''}} ad locum siderum, vel quia semper sunt sidera, sed solis splendore vincuntur.

{{ancora+|154|[[Aeneis/Liber II#150|154.]]}} {{sc|'''aeterni ignes'''}} aut ararum, quas fugit, ut exsecratio sit propter posteriora ‘vos arae’; aut certe Solem et Lunam significat. exsecratio autem est adversorum deprecatio, iusiurandum vero optare prospera. {{sc|'''non violabile'''}} quod graeci aphtharton dicunt.

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber II#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''testor'''}} modo iuro, alibi testificor, ut “testor in occasu vestro”. {{sc|'''vestrvm nvmen'''}} quia secundum philosophos dicuntur sidera elementa esse, sed habere proprias potestates. {{sc|'''ensesqve nefandi'''}} invidiose ad pluralem transit numerum, ut Terentius “non perpeti meretricum contumelias”.

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber II#155|156.]]}} {{sc|'''vittaeqve devm'''}} aut quae habentur in honore deorum, aut quas habent ipsa simulacra. {{sc|'''vittaeqve'''}} [2.et] multi hic distinguunt et sic subiungunt ‘deum quas hostia gessi’. consuetudo apud antiquos fuit, ut qui in familiam vel gentem transiret prius se abdicaret ab ea, in qua fuerat, et sic ab alia reciperetur: quod hic ostendit; dicit enim Sinon, iure iam se Troianorum civem esse, quia apud Graecos hostia fuerit, adeo nec pro homine, nec pro cive habitus sit. {{sc|'''gessi'''}} paene gessi; non enim vere gesserat, sed quantum ad Graecos pertinet, qui eum immolaturi fuerant, dicit. {{sc|'''hostia'''}} vero victima, et dicta quod dii per illam hostiantur, id est aequi et propitii reddantur, unde hostimentum aequationem.

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber II#155|157.]]}} {{sc|'''fas mihi'''}} subaudis ‘sit’. et bene a diis petit veniam, ne videatur proditor: nam et haec quae dicturus est tacuit, antequam audiret ‘noster eris’; si enim voluntate proderet, sequebatur quod ait Cicero “nemo umquam sapiens proditori credendum putavit”. aut ‘fas mihi’ ideo, quia non licet solvere sacramentum militare adversariis vel hostibus; ideo dixit ‘liceat arcana dicere’. et cum ostenderit, se rem dicere quam non licet, ei facilius credetur. {{sc|'''sacrata resolvere ivra'''}} scilicet ut non incidat in sacramenti poenam: nam miles legibus sacramentorum rogabatur, ut exiens ad bellum iuraret, se nihil contra rem publicam facturum: quia militiae tria sunt genera. plerumque enim ‘evocati’ dicuntur, et non sunt milites, sed pro milite: unde Sallustius “neu quis miles neve pro milite”, item ipse “ab his omnes evocatos et centuriones”: plerumque ‘tumultuarii’, hoc est qui ad unum militant bellum: plerumque ‘sacramento rogati’, quia post electionem in rem publicam iurant, sicut dictum est. et hi sunt qui habent plenam militiam; nam viginti et quinque annis tenentur. haec tria genera tangit Vergilius: sacramenti hoc loco, tumultuarii illo “simul omne tumultu coniurat trepido Latium”, evocationis “mittitur et magni Venulus Diomedis ad urbem”.

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber II#155|158.]]}} {{sc|'''fas odisse viros'''}} ut supra diximus, omnia diasyrtice loquitur; nam et ad Graecos possunt, et ad Troianos referri. et ‘odisse’ hic praesentis temporis, quod non facit ‘odere’. {{sc|'''atqve omnia ferre svb avras'''}} hinc videtur subtiliter non se implicare periurio; ipse enim lectos hostes produxit ex equo “et pinea furtim laxat claustra Sinon”. et hoc vult credi contra Graecos dicere, cum pro ipsis dicat.

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber II#155|159.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva tegvnt'''}} callide occultant. {{sc|'''siqva tegvnt'''}} propter ea quae latent in equo. {{sc|'''nec legibvs vllis'''}} si Graecorum, propter ‘noster eris’, si Troianorum, quia Graecus. alii ita: nullis naturae legibus, quibus fas non est patriam prodere; et volunt hoc esse ‘sacrata resolvere iura’.

{{ancora+|160|[[Aeneis/Liber II#160|160.]]}} {{sc|'''tv modo'''}} pro tantummodo. {{sc|'''promissis'''}} pro ‘in promissis’.

{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber II#160|161.]]}} {{sc|'''serves troia fidem'''}} magnificentius, quam si diceret ‘Troiani’. {{sc|'''serves troia fidem'''}} quia quod rex promittit videtur res publica polliceri. {{sc|'''vera feram'''}} pro dicam. {{sc|'''magna rependam'''}} magna praemia resolvam pro mea impunitate. et videtur duo promittere Troianis, primo veriloquium, deinde salutem ex suorum proditione. alii volunt dubium esse, vobis feram, Graecis rependam.

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber II#160|162.]]}} {{sc|'''omnis spes danavm'''}} more suo a veris incipit: nam et favit Minerva Graecis, et constabat raptum esse Palladium. {{sc|'''tydides sed enim'''}} hysteroproteron est ‘sed enim ex quo impius Tydides’; nam hysterologia unius sermonis est, ut “transtra per et remos”.

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber II#160|163.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs'''}} vero propter numina vulnerata. {{sc|'''ex qvo'''}} autem vel die vel facto.

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber II#160|164.]]}} {{sc|'''scelervmqve inventor vlixes'''}} propter se et propter Palamedem occisum ipsius factione.

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber II#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''fatale'''}} ton meson est: nam et quod custodit, et quod interimit pro loco intellegitur. {{sc|'''avellere'''}} ostendit invitum numen esse sublatum.

{{ancora+|166|[[Aeneis/Liber II#165|166.]]}} {{sc|'''palladivm'''}} Helenus apud Arisbam captus a Graecis est et indicavit coactus fata Troiana, in quibus etiam de Palladio. unde dicitur a Pyrrho regna meruisse: quamquam praestiterit Pyrrho, ut per terram rediret, dicens omnes Graecos, quod et contigit, naufragio esse perituros. alii dicunt Helenum non captum, sed dolore, quod post mortem Paridis Helena iudicio Priami non sibi, sed Deiphobo esset adiudicata, in Idam montem fugisse, atque exinde monente Calchante productum de Palladio pro odio prodidisse. tunc Diomedes et Ulixes, ut alii dicunt, cuniculis, ut alii, cloacis ascenderunt arcem, et occisis custodibus sustulere simulacrum. qui cum reverterentur ad naves, Ulixes, ut sui tantum operis videretur effectus, voluit sequens occidere Diomedem: cuius ille conatum cum ad umbram lunae notasset, religatum prae se usque ad castra Graecorum egit. ideo autem hoc negotium his potissimum datur, quia cultores fuerunt Minervae. hoc cum postea Diomedes haberet, ut quidam dicunt: quod et Vergilius ex parte tangit, et Varro plenissime dicit: credens sibi non esse aptum, propter sua pericula, quibus numquam cariturum responsis cognoverat, nisi Troianis Palladium reddidisset, transeunti per Calabriam Aeneae offerre conatus est. sed cum se ille velato capite sacrificans convertisset, Nautes quidam accepit simulacrum: unde Minervae sacra non Iulia gens habuit, sed Nautiorum. hinc est in quinto “tum senior Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas quem docuit”. quamquam alii dicant, simulacrum hoc a Troianis absconditum fuisse intra extructum parietem, postquam agnoverunt Troiam esse perituram: quod postea bello Mithridatico dicitur Fimbria quidam Romanus inventum indicasse: quod Romam constat advectum. et cum responsum fuisset, illic imperium fore, ubi et Palladium, adhibito Mamurio fabro multa similia facta sunt. verum tamen agnoscitur hastae oculorumque mobilitate: unde est ‘vix positum castris simulacrum, arsere coruscae luminibus flammae’ vel ‘hastamque trementem’. sed ab una tantum sacerdote videbatur, ut Lucanus “Troianam soli cui fas vidisse Minervam” (1.598). dicunt sane alii, unum simulacrum caelo lapsum, quod nubibus advectum et in ponte depositum, apud Athenas tantum fuisse, unde et gephuristes dicta est. ex qua etiam causa pontifices nuncupatos volunt: quamvis quidam pontifices a ponte sublicio, qui primus Tybri impositus est, appellatos tradunt, sicut Saliorum carmina loquuntur. sed hoc Atheniense Palladium a veteribus Troianis Ilium translatum. alii duo volunt: hoc de quo diximus, et illud Atheniense. alii, cum ab Ilo Ilium conderetur, hoc Troianum caelo lapsum dicunt: alii a Dardano de Samothracia Troiam translatum: alii multa fuisse Palladia, sed hoc a Diomede et Ulixe furto ablatum tradunt.

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber II#165|167.]]}} {{sc|'''sacram effigiem'''}} quasi de caelo lapsam. et tres simul res dixit, quare numen irasceretur: quod antistites caesi, quod tolleretur, quod cruentis manibus.

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber II#165|169.]]}} {{sc|'''ex illo'''}} facto, vel tempore. {{sc|'''flvere'''}} delabi. et ton meson est; nam ideo addidit ‘retro’. contra Sallustius “rebus supra vota fluentibus”.

{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber II#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa deae mens'''}} propter illud ‘manibusque cruentis’.

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber II#170|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tritonia'''}} aut quasi terribilis, apo tou trein, id est timere, aut a Tritone amne Boeotiae, aut a Tritonide palude Africae, iuxta quam nata dicitur, secundum Lucanum “et se dilecta Tritonida dixit ab unda” (9.354). sane ‘Tritonia’ antonomasivum est, quia proprium est Minervae: nam epitheta sunt quae variis possunt vel personis vel rebus adponi. et haec caute observanda sunt, sicut et propria nomina, quae plerumque ex appellativis sunt, ut est Victor vel Felix.

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber II#170|172.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} modo ‘mox’ significat. {{sc|'''castris'''}} pro in castris. {{sc|'''simvlacrvm'''}} inter consecratas res, id est aedes, areas, etiam simulacra accipiuntur, quod in bucolicis scriptum est. hic ergo ipso nomine simulacri consecrationem eius ostendit; quis enim ignorat Palladium simulacrum Minervae esse? quam autem sacrum fuerit, hinc docet, quod ait ‘nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris. vix positum castris’ et reliqua, ut appareat, et loco motum vim tamen consecrationis habuisse. {{sc|'''arsere'''}} subaudimus ‘cum’, ut sit ‘cum arsere’. {{sc|'''corvscae'''}} ‘coruscum’ alias fulgens, alias tremulum est.

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber II#170|173.]]}} {{sc|'''lvminibvs flammae arrectis'''}} hypallage est, lumina enim arsere flammis. {{sc|'''salsvs svdor'''}} bene addidit ‘salsus’, ut significaret laborem futurum, ne forte alter in simulacro quilibet umor intellegeretur. {{sc|'''salsvs svdor'''}}] indicium commoti numinis fuisse dicitur. Probo sane displicet ‘salsus sudor’, et supervacue positum videtur. hoc autem Ennius de lamis dixit.

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber II#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''emicvit'''}} exsiluit, quasi quae consistebat invita, locumque damnaret. {{sc|'''parmamqve ferens hastamqve trementem'''}} his enim signis Palladium a ceteris discernebatur, quod supra dictum est.

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber II#175|176.]]}} {{sc|'''temptanda aeqvora'''}} si vel fugere possint post iram Minervae.

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber II#175|178.]]}} {{sc|'''argis'''}} adverbium loci est. et respexit Romanum morem: nam si egressi male pugnassent, revertebantur ad captanda rursus auguria. item in constituendo tabernaculo si primum vitio captum esset, secundum eligebatur; quod si et secundum vitio captum esset, ad primum reverti mos erat. tabernacula autem eligebantur ad captanda auspicia. sed hoc servatum a ducibus Romanis, donec ab his in Italia pugnatum est, propter vicinitatem; postquam vero imperium longius prolatum est, ne dux ab exercitu diutius abesset, si Romam ad renovanda auspicia de longinquo revertisset, constitutum, ut unus locus de captivo agro Romanus fieret in ea provincia, in qua bellabatur, ad quem, si renovari opus esset auspicia, dux rediret. {{sc|'''nvmenqve'''}} aut pro Palladio posuit ‘numen’, ut “media inter numina divum”, aut ‘numen’ Minervam dixit. {{sc|'''redvcant'''}} placent, reconcilient.

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber II#175|179.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod'''}} id est Palladium.

{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber II#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''vento petiere'''}} hic ostenditur, illos navigasse.

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber II#180|181.]]}} {{sc|'''arma deosqve parant comites'''}} ingenti arte de futuro sollicitos facit, ut praesentem firmet securitatem. {{sc|'''arma deosqve'''}} P. C.] ingenti arte de futuro sollicitos facit, ut videatur periculum de nuntiando secreta Argivorum prodere, quatenus praesentem firmet securitatem, ut eos faciat incautos.

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber II#180|182.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisi adervnt'''}} sicut et factum est. [2.et] artificiose; neque enim mentitur, et tamen decipit; nam verum metum falso metu abegit, ut dum reversuros timent, non timeant, ne non abierint. {{sc|'''digerit omina'''}} interpretatur numinis commotionem. [2.vel] futuri ordinem pandit, id est oraculorum. vel ordinat et disponit.

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber II#180|183.]]}} {{sc|'''hanc pro'''}} P. M. P. N. L. E. S. respondet ad interrogationem ‘quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere’.

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber II#180|184.]]}} {{sc|'''nefas qvae triste piaret'''}} contaminati Palladii scilicet. {{sc|'''piaret'''}} autem expiaret.

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber II#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''immensam calchas attollere'''}} hoc est ‘quis auctor, quae machina belli?'

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber II#185|187.]]}} {{sc|'''ne recipi'''}} P. A. D. I. M. P. cum equi magnitudo necessaria ad recipiendos milites fuerit, inducendi equi desperationem facit, ut magis iniciat cupiditatem inducendi.

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber II#185|188.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva svb religione'''}} favore pristino. {{sc|'''nev popvlvm'''}} A. S. R. T.] id est loco Palladii secundum antiquam religionem tutelam colenti populo praestare: constat enim apud Troianos principe loco Minervam cultam.

{{ancora+|189|[[Aeneis/Liber II#185|189.]]}} {{sc|'''nam si vestra manvs'''}} quia occurrebat exurendum esse equum, si intro ferri vel prodesse non poterat. {{sc|'''violasset'''}} pro violaverit. {{sc|'''dona minervae'''}} quae Minervae data sunt. et minatur occulte, ne quis equum tentare audeat.

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber II#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod dii privs'''}} O. I. I. adeo se ostendit favere Troianis, ut nomen etiam Graecorum exsecretur. ‘ipsum’ autem Calchantem accipimus: nam quasi Troianus detestatur quae in illos ominose dicta sunt.

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber II#190|192.]]}} {{sc|'''ascendisset'''}} pro ascenderit. ut “scandit fatalis machina muros”.

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber II#190|193.]]}} {{sc|'''vltro'''}} statim, mox. {{sc|'''asiam'''}} Asiaticos, ut “Latio dare terga sequaci”; nam et paulo post “urbem sepultam” pro civibus posuit. {{sc|'''pelopeia'''}} Argiva, a Pelope. unde et Peloponnesus. {{sc|'''nostros nepotes'''}} utique Graecos posteros. an diasyrtice; nam iam quasi Troianus loquitur.

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber II#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs insidiis'''}} bene ‘insidiis’, ut ostendat non se virtute, sed insidiis esse superatos; nam ideo subiecit ‘quos neque Tydides, nec Larissaeus Achilles n. a. d. d. n. m. c.’ {{sc|'''perivri'''}} quia dixit ‘vos aeterni ignes’. et ‘periuri’ in verbo ‘r’ non habet: nam ‘peiuro’ dicimus corrupta natura praepositionis: quae res facit errorem, ut aliqui male dicant ‘peiurus’, ut ‘peiuro’.

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber II#195|196.]]}} {{sc|'''credita res'''}} aut fides habita, aut commissa respublica. {{sc|'''captiqve dolis'''}} sicut dictum est, virtuti non cedit, dolis dicit se esse superatum: non quod Troianis victos esse turpe non fuerit, sed quod Graecis turpius vicisse per dolos. {{sc|'''coactis'''}} id est expressis, ut Terentius “una me hercule falsa lacrimola, quam oculos terendo misere, vix vi expresserit”.

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber II#195|197.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos'''}} N. T. N. L. A. bene utrique honorem virtutis dat, a quibus victus est. {{sc|'''larissaevs achilles'''}} a vicinitate: nam Phthius fuit. utraque tamen Thessaliae civitas est. Larissa autem a nympha Larissa est appellata, ex qua Neptunus creavit †Pelago et Phthion. Achillem autem Homerum secutus Phthiatem non dicit, quem perhibent peregrinantem apud Phthiam, quod nullius esset humanitate susceptus, tali silentio inhospitalem damnasse civitatem.

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber II#195|199.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc. {{sc|'''maivs miseris mvltoqve'''}} ut “sale saxa sonabant” et “casus Cassandra canebat”; nam apud veteres a similibus incipere vitiosum non erat. et notandum, quia ut supra diximus agit, ne videatur vel Troia cessisse viribus, vel Aeneas voluntate fugisse. hac autem re ostendit, ex accidentibus dolos Graecorum esse firmatos, cum dicit etiam deos adversum Troiam fecisse.

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber II#200|201.]]}} {{sc|'''laocoon'''}} ut Euphorion dicit, post adventum Graecorum sacerdos Neptuni lapidibus occisus est, quia non sacrificiis eorum vetavit adventum. postea abscedentibus Graecis cum vellent sacrificare Neptuno, Laocoon Thymbraei Apollinis sacerdos sorte ductus est, ut solet fieri cum deest sacerdos certus. hic piaculum commiserat ante simulacrum numinis cum Antiopa sua uxore coeundo, et ob hoc inmissis draconibus cum suis filiis interemptus est. historia quidem hoc habet: sed poeta interpretatur ad Troianorum excusationem, qui hoc ignorantes decepti sunt. alii dicunt quod post contemptum semel a Laomedonte Neptunum certus eius sacerdos apud Troiam non fuit: unde putatur Neptunus etiam inimicus fuisse Troianis, et quod illi meruerint, in sacerdote monstrare: quod ipse alibi ostendit dicens “cuperem cum vetere ab imo structa meis manibus periurae moenia Troiae”. quod autem ad arcem ierunt serpentes, id est ad templum Minervae, aut [2.quod] et ipsa inimica Troianis fuit, aut signum fuit periturae civitatis. sane Bacchylides de Laocoonte et uxore eius vel de serpentibus a Calydnis insulis venientibus atque in homines conversis dicit. {{sc|'''sorte dvctvs'''}} sic Sallustius “sorte ductos fusti necat”.

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber II#200|202.]]}} {{sc|'''sollemnis aras'''}} anniversario sacrificio religiosas. dicimus autem et sacrificium sollemne, et aras sollemnes, ut apricum et hominem et locum, ut “aprici meminisse senes” Persius, contra Horatius “cur apricum oderit campum”. quidam dicunt, quod continuo quinquennio sacrum eidem deo quotannis fuerit restauratum, sollemne dici, sive publicum fuerit, sive privatum. {{sc|'''tavrvm ingentem'''}} non praeter rationem est hoc loco ‘ingentem’: alibi “iam cornu petat”: in victimis enim ista requiruntur, ut certis numinibus certae aetatis mactentur animalia. {{sc|'''mactabat'''}} scilicet ut Graecis mala naufragio provenirent. quid autem sit ‘mactare’ in quarto libro innuimus “mactant lectas de more bidentes”. sane sciendum rite Neptuno et Apollini tauros immolandos, nam Iovi non licere: ideo et in tertio libro prodigium dicit secutum.

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber II#200|203.]]}} {{sc|'''ecce avtem'''}} cum ex inproviso vult aliquid ostendere ‘ecce’ ponit, ut “ecce autem telis Panthus”. sicut Cicero “ecce autem repente ebrio Cleomene, esurientibus ceteris”. {{sc|'''gemini'''}} duo et similes. ‘gemini’ autem sunt proprie fratres simul nati. {{sc|'''a tenedo'''}} ideo quod significarent naves inde venturas. {{sc|'''tranqvilla per alta'''}} absolute dixit.

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber II#200|204.]]}} {{sc|'''horresco referens'''}} etiam referens, quod tum vidissem. {{sc|'''inmensis orbibvs'''}} pro inmensorum orbium. {{sc|'''angves'''}} angues aquarum sunt, serpentes terrarum, dracones templorum, ut in hoc indicat loco ‘tranquilla per alta angues’; paulo post in terra ‘serpens amplexus’; item ‘delubra ad summa dracones’. sed haec significatio plerumque confunditur. horum sane draconum nomina Sophocles in Laocoonte dicit.

{{ancora+|205|[[Aeneis/Liber II#205|205.]]}} {{sc|'''pelago'''}} per pelagus.

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber II#205|206.]]}} {{sc|'''ivbae'''}} aut cristae, aut barbae. ‘iubae’ autem proprie equorum sunt. Plautus in Amphitruone “angues iubati” (Am. 1108). {{sc|'''sangvineae'''}} id est coloris sanguinei.

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber II#205|208.]]}} {{sc|'''pone'''}} post, semper in loco, numquam in tempore. {{sc|'''legit'''}} transit, ut “litoraque Epiri legimus”. {{sc|'''sinvat'''}} curvat, flectit in sinus. {{sc|'''sinvat'''}}] sinuat a sinu, ut a fluctu ‘fluctuat’. sic in georgicis “sinuatque alterna volumina crurum”.

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber II#205|209.]]}} {{sc|'''fit sonitvs'''}} ut ostenderet serpentum magnitudinem, quorum in lapsu fluctus movebantur, quia ait ‘tranquilla per alta’. {{sc|'''salo'''}} dicimus et salum, unde est ‘salo’, et sal salis, ut “spumas salis aere secabat” et “sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt”. {{sc|'''arva'''}} hic ‘arva’ pro litore posuit; nam arva sunt quae Graecis aroura sunt dicta. et bene celeritas demonstrata est.

{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber II#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''svffecti'''}} pro ‘infecti’, ut “conixa” pro enixa: vel certe inferiorem oculorum partem habentes infectam. et est figura ‘suffecti oculos’, id est †suffecti oculi e suffusos oculos habentes.

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber II#210|211.]]}} {{sc|'''sibila'''}} id est sibilantia, nam participium est: cum enim nomen est, ‘sibilus’ dicimus, ut “nam neque me tantum venientis sibilus austri”. {{sc|'''vibrantibvs'''}} mobilibus, quia nullum animal tanta celeritate linguam movet, adeo ut triplicem linguam habere videatur, cum una sit. hos dracones Lysimachus †curifin et periboeam dicit; filios vero Laocoontis Ethronem et Melanthum Thessandrus dicit.

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber II#210|212.]]}} {{sc|'''exsangves'''}} timentes; nam ideo timentes pallescunt, quia ante exsangues fiunt. {{sc|'''agmine certo'''}} itinere, impetu, ut “leni fluit agmine Thybris”, vel tractu corporis, ut “extremaeque agmine caudae”.

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber II#210|213.]]}} {{sc|'''laocoonta'''}} etsi a filiis eius incipiunt, ‘Laocoonta petunt’.

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber II#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''implicat'''}} hoc ad mollitiem infantum corporis dixit. {{sc|'''depascitvr'''}} ut supra diximus et ‘pasco’ et ‘pascor’ unius significationis sunt, ut “atque artus depascitur arida febris”.

{{ancora+|217|[[Aeneis/Liber II#215|217.]]}} {{sc|'''spiris'''}} nodis: unde etiam bases columnarum spirulas dicunt; nam proprie spira est volubilitas funium. inde et posteriora serpentium spirae dicuntur, quae sic involvuntur in gyrum, ut funes.

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber II#215|218.]]}} {{sc|'''sqvamea'''}} pro squamosa, ut frondea pro frondosa. et est figuratum ‘squamea terga collo circumdati’.

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber II#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl'''}} modo adverbium temporis est, significat enim ‘eo tempore’. et est ordo ‘simul manibus tendit divellere nodos, simul clamores horrendos ad sidera tollit perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno’. et vide genus mortis totum ad supplicium procuratum. {{sc|'''tendit'''}} contendit.

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber II#220|221.]]}} {{sc|'''perfvsvs vittas'''}} perfusas vittas habens. et est interpositus versus; nam potest tolli salvo sensu. {{sc|'''sanie'''}} autem pro sanguine, nam sanies corruptus sanguis. {{sc|'''atroqve veneno'''}} ut “pallida mors” vel “tristis senectus”.

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber II#220|223.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis mvgitvs'''}} id est tollit. facta autem comparatio est propter sacerdotis personam.

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber II#220|224.]]}} {{sc|'''incertam'''}} dubie inlisam, quae non haberet mortis effectum. inde et ‘excussit’.

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber II#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''lapsv'''}} labi proprie serpentum est. {{sc|'''delvbra'''}} delubrum dicitur quod uno tecto plura conplectitur numina, quia uno tecto diluitur, ut est Capitolium, in quo est Minerva, Iuppiter, Iuno. alii, ut Cincius, dicunt, delubrum esse locum ante templum, ubi aqua currit, a diluendo. est autem synecdoche, hoc est a parte totum. Varro autem rerum divinarum libro †XIX. delubrum esse dicit aut ubi plura numina sub uno tecto sunt, ut Capitolium, aut ubi praeter aedem area sit adsumpta deum causa, ut in circo Flaminio Iovi Statori, aut in quo loco dei dicatum sit simulacrum, ut sicut in quo figunt candelam, candelabrum appellant, sic in quo deum ponunt, delubrum dicant. ergo hic cum dicit ‘delubra ad summa dracones’, ut esset manifestatum, subtexuit dei simulacrum; adiecit enim ‘saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem’, nec praetermisit quin dei nomen adderet dicens ‘sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur’, ne sine ratione delubri nomen intulisse videretur. Masurius Sabinus “delubrum, effigies, a delibratione corticis; nam antiqui felicium arborum ramos cortice detracto in effigies deorum formabant, unde Graeci xoanon dicunt”. alii delubrum dicunt templum ab eo quod nulli iunctum aedificio pluvia diluatur.

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber II#225|226.]]}} {{sc|'''saevae'''}} fortis, aut nobilis: aut ad tempus epitheton additum, aut saeva circa Troianos.

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber II#225|227.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pedibvsqve deae'''}} scilicet maioris simulacri, quod a cunctis videtur; nam quod colitur et breve est et latet, sicut Palladium fuerat. non ergo contrarium est quod post raptum Palladium intulit ‘deae’. sane hoc loco ‘sub’ particulam secundo repetendo utrique casui iunxit: accusativo, cum proprie significavit, ut sit ‘prope pedes deae’; et ‘sub orbe’, ablativo, id est infra orbem, ut “saepe sub inmotis praesepibus”. {{sc|'''clipeiqve svb orbe'''}} ut maxima pars in spiram collecta ante pedes sit. colla vero cum capitibus erectis post clipeum, id est inter scutum et simulacrum deae latebant: ut est in templo urbis Romae.

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber II#225|228.]]}} {{sc|'''novvs'''}} magnus, ut “Pollio et ipse facit nova carmina”; aut repentinus, aut novi generis, id est qualis numquam antea. {{sc|'''cvnctis'''}} quia ante interemptum Laocoonta dixit timuisse nisi eos, qui viderant angues: post eius interitum cunctos dixit, qui sacerdotem extinctum cognovissent.

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber II#225|229.]]}} {{sc|'''insinvat'''}} pro insinuatur. Clodius scriba commentariorum: ‘insinuem’ intro eam penitus. {{sc|'''scelvs'''}} supplicium: ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur. {{sc|'''expendisse'''}} autem tractum est a pecunia; nam apud maiores pecuniarias poenas constat fuisse. {{sc|'''expendisse'''}}] cum adhuc rudi aere pecunia ponderaretur: quod ad capitis poenam de iure usurpatum est. an quia †utriusque rei debitor ‘reus’ dicitur? quis ante hunc ‘expendisse’ pro luisse?

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber II#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''sacrvm robvr'''}} non ut supra ‘lignum’. et notandum, quot nominibus hunc equum appellet: lignum, machinam, monstrum, dolum, pinea claustra, donum, molem, equum, sacrum robur.

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber II#230|231.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} quare ‘tergo’, cum dixerit ‘in latus’ et ‘in alvum'? ergo ‘tergo’ quasi per significationem equi accipiamus. quidam ‘tergo’ quasi ‘a tergo suo’ accipiunt, tum quia Laocoon manu reducta a tergo suo iecerit telum, ut est “ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure”. {{sc|'''sceleratam'''}} pro ‘ipse sceleratus’, ut “telumque inbelle” et “inutile ferrum”. et est hypallage.

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber II#230|232.]]}} {{sc|'''sedes'''}} per hoc ostendit ‘donum Minervae’. {{sc|'''oranda'''}} placanda.

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber II#230|233.]]}} {{sc|'''conclamant'''}} una scilicet voce. et bene de peritura civitate ‘conclamant’ dixit, quia semper res perditae ‘conclamatae’ dicuntur.

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber II#230|234.]]}} {{sc|'''mvros'''}} superpositos Scaeae portae; nam sequitur ‘quater ipso in limine portae’. {{sc|'''moenia pandimvs vrbis'''}} non est iteratio: nam dicit, patefacta porta vel diruta interiora civitatis esse nudata. [2.ergo] {{sc|'''moenia'''}} cetera urbis tecta vel aedes accipiendum. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} pro accinguntur. Terentius Phormione “accingere”. {{sc|'''accingvnt operi'''}} praeparant se ad opus.

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber II#235|237.]]}} {{sc|'''intendvnt'''}} ligant, ut “intenditque locum sertis”. {{sc|'''scandit'''}} transcendit propria magnitudine. vel propter aggerem, quem ruina fecerat muri. {{sc|'''fatalis'''}} mortifera. {{sc|'''mvros'''}} ruinas murorum dirutorum.

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber II#235|238.]]}} {{sc|'''feta'''}} nunc plena, ut in bucolicis “temptabunt pabula fetas”, alias enixa iam, ut “fecerat et viridi fetam”. {{sc|'''pveri circvm innvptaeqve pvellae'''}} more Romano, patrimi et matrimi.

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber II#235|239.]]}} {{sc|'''sacra canvnt'''}} hymnos dicunt. {{sc|'''gavdent'''}} quidam hic ‘gaudent’ pro optant intellegunt, ut “veniat quo te quoque gaudet”.

{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber II#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''minans'''}} vel eminens, ut “minaeque murorum ingentes”; vel minitans.

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber II#240|241.]]}} {{sc|'''o patria'''}} versus Ennianus. sane exclamatio eo pertinet, quod tanta fuerat vis consecrationis in porta Troiana, ut etiam post profanationem ab ingressu hostes vetaret. nam novimus integro sepulcro Laomedontis, quod super portam Scaeam fuerat, tuta fuisse fata Troiana. {{sc|'''divvm domvs'''}} vel quod eius muros Apollo et Neptunus fabricaverunt, ubi etiam Minerva per Palladium culta est: vel propter Ganymedem, Dardanum, Tithonum. {{sc|'''inclita bello'''}} quia superavit Mysiam totam.

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber II#240|242.]]}} {{sc|'''qvater'''}} saepius. {{sc|'''in limine portae'''}} hic portam pro ipso aditu posuit; nam quod ait ‘limine’ manifestum est portae. nam pars superior diruta est, necessario remanente limine, quod in ima parte, id est in solo positum erat.

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber II#240|243.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtero sonitvm qvater arma dedere'''}} ostendere vult, non in totum a diis desertos esse Troianos: quippe quos sono equi dicit esse commonitos: ne Dido ab his animum averteret, quos videbat a suis numinibus derelictos; sed hoc dicit: monuerunt nos dii, sed nos non intelleximus. et bene addidit ‘sonitum arma dedere’, ne ei obiceretur, non potuisse fieri, ut plena armis machina sonum non redderet.

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber II#240|244.]]}} {{sc|'''instamvs tamen'''}} subaudiendum, quamquam sonitum dederunt, tamen instamus. {{sc|'''inmemores'''}} inprovidi: aut non memores oraculorum. quidam ‘inmemores’ dementes accipiunt, quoniam memoria in mente consistit. sane si peritiam Vergilii diligenter intendas, secundum disciplinam carminis Romani, quo ex urbibus hostium deos ante evocare solebant, hoc dixit; erant enim inter cetera carminis verba haec “eique populo civitatique metum, formidinem, oblivionem iniciatis”; unde bene intulit ‘inmemores caecique furore’, tamquam quos dei perdiderant.

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber II#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''monstrvm infelix'''}} Troianis scilicet: quod post rem probatam dixit. {{sc|'''sistimvs'''}} constituimus, conlocamus.

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber II#245|246.]]}} {{sc|'''tvnc etiam'''}} sicut antehac saepius: nam Helena veniente praedixerat. {{sc|'''fatis aperit cassandra fvtvris'''}} ne putarentur stulti, qui vati non credidissent, cito subiecit ‘dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris’. sane quidam hic ‘fatis’ pro calamitatibus accipiunt.

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber II#245|247.]]}} {{sc|'''dei ivssv'''}} praecepto Apollinis, qui spe promissi coitus concessa divinatione frustratus sustulit fidem vera dicenti. {{sc|'''dei ivssv'''}}] praecepto Apollinis: qui cum amasset Cassandram, petit ab ea eius concubitus copiam. illa hac conditione promisit, si sibi ab eo futurorum scientia praestaretur: quam cum Apollo tribuisset, ab illa promissus coitus denegatus est. sed Apollo, dissimulata paulisper ira, petit ab ea, ut sibi osculum saltem praestaret: quod cum illa fecisset, Apollo os eius inspuit, et quia eripere deo semel tributum munus non conveniebat, effecit, ut illa quidem vera vaticinaretur, sed fides non haberetur. {{sc|'''non vmqvam'''}} non aliquando, id est numquam: nam si ‘non numquam’ esset, duae negativae facerent unam confirmativam: licet Terentius Graeco more dixerit “agrum in his regionibus meliorem neque pretii maioris nemo habet”. {{sc|'''credita'''}} dubium a quo verbo veniat, et an femininum sit singulare participium, an neutrum plurale.

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber II#245|249.]]}} {{sc|'''festa fronde'''}} quae festos indicat dies, vel quae festis diebus adhibetur, ut laurus, oliva et similia. {{sc|'''velamvs'''}} coronamus, ut “victori velatum auro vittisque iuvencum”.

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber II#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''vertitvr caelvm'''}} atqui epitheton hoc caeli perpetuum est: sed ‘vertitur’ est ‘in aliam faciem commutatur’, quod more suo explanat sequentibus. {{sc|'''rvit oceano'''}} nascitur de Oceano, ut “ruit atram ad caelum picea crassus caligine nubem”. ideo autem ‘ruit’, quia altius est mare quam terra, ut diximus supra. aut certe ‘ruit’ cum impetu et festinatione venit, ut “qua data porta ruunt”. sane sphaerae ratio hoc habet, ut omnia diversis vicibus sicut oriri, ita et ruere videantur.

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber II#250|251.]]}} {{sc|'''vmbra magna'''}} id est terrae: et definitio est noctis.

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber II#250|252.]]}} {{sc|'''myrmidonvmqve dolos'''}} a generalibus ad specialia venire vitiosum est, nisi forte redeatur ad causam, ut hoc loco. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} dispersi †per sua quisque. an ad habitum rettulit dormientium securorumque? {{sc|'''per moenia'''}} per domos, ut supra “et moenia pandimus urbis”: ‘moenia’ enim et publica et privata dicuntur.

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber II#250|253.]]}} {{sc|'''conticvere'''}} dormierunt: ex consequentibus priora intelleguntur. {{sc|'''fessos artvs'''}} aut generaliter, quia omnis dormiens quasi fessus: aut ‘fessos’ trahendo equum diruendoque muros.

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber II#250|254.]]}} {{sc|'''phalanx'''}} lingua Macedonum legio. et est a parte totum, hoc est synecdoche; significat enim totum exercitum. {{sc|'''ibat'''}} veniebat, ut “nunc primum a navibus itis”.

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber II#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''amica'''}} sibi grata. et sciendum, septima luna captam esse Troiam: cuius simulacrum apud Argos est constitutum, quod relata victoria constitutum est ad imaginem eius, quae tunc erat dividuo orbis modo. hinc est quod dicit “oblati per lunam” et alibi “per caecam noctem”. {{sc|'''tacitae lvnae'''}} aut more poetico noctem significat, aut physicam rationem dixit. nam circuli septem sunt, Saturni, Iovis, Martis, Solis, Veneris, Mercurii, Lunae. et primus, hoc est Saturni, vehementer sonat, reliqui secundum ordinem minus, sicut audimus in cithara. ergo tacita luna est, cuius circulus, terrae vicinus inmobili, minus sonat aliorum comparatione. {{sc|'''tacitae lvnae'''}}] cuius tempore tacetur, quoniam nocte silentium est, ut “cum tacet omnis ager”. aut certe ‘tacitae’ serenae, ut “sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia caelo”. vel ipsi taciti, ut “tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae”.

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber II#255|256.]]}} {{sc|'''litora nota'''}} scilicet quae paulo ante reliquerant. {{sc|'''flammas cvm regia pvppis'''}} more militiae, ut “dat clarum e puppi signum”. et hinc intellegendum est, Helenam Agamemnoni vel Graecis signum dedisse veniendi sublata face, Agamemnonem contra signum Sinoni dedisse aperiendi equi: ut in sexto “flammam media ipsa tenebat, et summa Danaos ex arce vocabat”. est autem tropus: per ‘puppem’ navem, per ‘navem’ eos qui in navi sunt significat.

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber II#255|257.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis iniqvis'''}} voluntate numinum, non illi propitia, sed in nos iniqua: ut Lucanus “non ille favore numinis ingenti superum protectus ab ira” (2.85).

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber II#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''reddit'''}} quasi debitos vel creditos, ut “redditus his primum terris”. sic Horatius “navis quae tibi creditum debes Vergilium, finibus Atticis reddas incolumem precor”. {{sc|'''cavo robore'''}} equi: epexegesis.

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber II#260|261.]]}} {{sc|'''thessandrvs'''}} Polynicis et Argiae filius. {{sc|'''sthenelvs'''}} Capanei et Euadnes. {{sc|'''vlixes'''}} Laertae et Anticliae.

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber II#260|262.]]}} {{sc|'''acamas'''}} Demophontis filius, †perecthei nepos. {{sc|'''thoas'''}} Andremonis filius.

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber II#260|263.]]}} {{sc|'''neoptolemvs'''}} quia ad bellum ductus est puer, Pyrrhus vero a capillorum qualitate vocitatus est; Achillis et Deidamiae filius, Pelei et Thetidis nepos ex patre, ex matre vero Lycomedis, regis Scyriae insulae. {{sc|'''primvsqve machaon'''}} hic Machaon filius Aesculapii fuit, cuius frater Podalirius. ‘primus’ autem aut princeps, id est inter primos, aut in sua arte primus, aut numeri sui; nam per ternos dixit.

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber II#260|264.]]}} {{sc|'''menelavs'''}} Atrei filius, frater Agamemnonis, propter quem bella gerebantur. {{sc|'''epeos'''}} Panopei filius.

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber II#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem'''}} id est cives. {{sc|'''somnoqve vinoqve sepvltam'''}} ostendere vult nihil magnum a Graecis factum quod obtinuerint civitatem. ‘somno’ autem, quia nox erat; ‘vino’, quia festus dies.

{{ancora+|266|[[Aeneis/Liber II#265|266.]]}} {{sc|'''caedvntvr vigiles'''}} non actus nomen est, sed officii: ‘vigiles’ autem Capitolii significat; nam paulo post “vix primi proelia temptant portarum vigiles”. {{sc|'''caedvntvr vigiles'''}}] modo [2.enim] ‘vigiles’ intellegendum, non qui vigilarent, sed qui solebant exercere vigilias; aut certe vigiles, quos fefellit Sinon equum servantes. et bene ostendit timiditatem Graecorum, qui paucitate timentes eos primos occiderunt, qui ceteros poterant excitare. aut vigiles portarum. {{sc|'''patentibvs'''}} pro patefactis.

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber II#265|267.]]}} {{sc|'''conscia'''}} coniurata. bene autem in insidiis conscientiam nominavit.

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber II#265|268.]]}} {{sc|'''tempvs erat qvo prima qvies'''}} hoc loco noctis describit initium: alibi totam noctem, ut “nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem corpora”. descriptiones sane pro rerum qualitate vel tenduntur vel corripiuntur: illo enim loco protentio ad invidiam pertinet Didonis vigiliarum. sunt autem solidae noctis partes secundum Varronem hae, vespera conticinium intempesta nox gallicinium lucifer: diei, mane ortus meridies occasus. de crepusculo vero, quod est dubia lux: nam ‘creperum’ dubium significat: quaeritur. et licet utrique tempori possit iungi, usus tamen ut matutino iungamus obtinuit, licet Statius dixerit “longa repercusso nituere crepuscula Phoebo”. ‘manum’ vero, unde est ‘mane’, bonum dixere veteres. {{sc|'''aegris'''}} quantum ad divina tardis.

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber II#265|269.]]}} {{sc|'''dono divvm'''}} quidam donum ex voluntate dicunt venire, munus ex officio. donaria vero loca in templis, in quibus dona ponuntur. {{sc|'''serpit'''}} latenter membris infunditur.

{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber II#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}} aut per somnos: aut si ‘in somniis’ legeris, erit synizesis. {{sc|'''ecce'''}} hac particula utimur quotiens repentinum aliquid volumus indicare, ut “ecce manus iuvenem interea post terga revinctum”. ergo ‘ecce’ subito est.

{{ancora+|271|[[Aeneis/Liber II#270|271.]]}} {{sc|'''visvs adesse'''}} bene ‘visus’, quia somnia videntur tantum, non sunt naturaliter vera. quod autem paulo post dicit “effert penetralibus ignem” confirmantis est: nam illud verum fuisse contendit.

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber II#270|272.]]}} {{sc|'''raptatvs'''}} frequentativo utitur, ut supra. {{sc|'''raptatvs'''}}] id est tractus. {{sc|'''bigis'''}} secundum artem modo dixit, quae exigit, ut quae de pluribus constant plurali tantum numero dicamus, ut bigas, quadrigas, mappas. sed haec plerumque corrumpit auctoritas, ut Horatius “ne sordida mappa”. item Statius “rorifera gelidum tenuaverat aera biga”.

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber II#270|273.]]}} {{sc|'''traiectvs lora'''}} traiecta lora habens, ut “nuda genu”.

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber II#270|274.]]}} {{sc|'''ei mihi'''}} Ennii versus. et totum iungendum, ne doloris distinctione frigescat, sicut plurimis doctissimis visum est.

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber II#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''exvvias indvtvs achillis'''}} hoc est arma quae occiso Patroclo ademit, quae Vulcanus Peleo fecerat. celavit autem mortem Patrocli ad laudis augmentum. ‘indutus’ autem accusativo iungitur, ut hoc loco, et, ut magis in usu est, septimo, quo nunc utimur: ut in decimo “praedonis corpore raptis indutum spoliis”. ‘exuvias’ autem dicimus numero tantum plurali.

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber II#275|276.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygios ignes'''}} flammas Troianas, quibus Protesilai navis incensa est. constat enim naves Graecorum flammis oppugnatas ab Hectore. {{sc|'''pvppibvs'''}} pro in puppes.

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber II#275|277.]]}} {{sc|'''sqvalentem'''}} modo sordidam, alibi lucentem: “per tunicam squalentem aureo”, a squamis. {{sc|'''barbam'''}} singulari numero hominum, plurali quadrupedum dicitur: unde dubitatur de quibus dixerit “stiriaque inpexis induruit horrida barbis”. {{sc|'''et concretos sangvine crines'''}} non sine ratione etiam hoc de crinibus dolet Aeneas, quia illis maxime Hector commendabatur, adeo ut etiam tonsura ab eo nomen acceperit, sicut Graeci poetae docent.

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber II#275|278.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlneraqve illa gerens qvae circvm plvrima mvros'''}} A. P. ‘gerens’ velut insignia praeferens et ostentans, quae a diversis pugnans pro patria susceperat. {{sc|'''plvrima mvros'''}} quia ut Homerus dicit, in Hectorem extinctum omnes tela iecerunt more maiorum. unde est “et bis sex thoraca petitum perfossumque locis”, propter duodecim populos Tusciae; duodecim enim lucumones, qui reges sunt lingua Tuscorum, habebant. unde est “gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni”.

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber II#275|279.]]}} {{sc|'''vltro'''}} quia ratio exigebat, ut loqueretur ille qui venerat.

{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber II#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''compellare'''}} adloqui.

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber II#280|281.]]}} {{sc|'''o lvx'''}} quasi dies noster, per quem certi eramus de luce, hoc est de vita, tamquam occiso Hectore omnes se extinctos credant. {{sc|'''spes o fidissima'''}} bene per contrarium: spes enim semper incerta est, in Hectore fidissima dicitur.

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber II#280|283.]]}} {{sc|'''expectate'''}} antiptosis est, pro ‘expectatus’. {{sc|'''vt te'''}} ordo est ‘ut fessi aspicimus’, id est quam fessi.

{{ancora+|285|[[Aeneis/Liber II#285|285.]]}} {{sc|'''indigna'''}} aut te indigna, aut crudelis. {{sc|'''serenos'''}} hilares. antiqui e contrario tristes ‘nubilos’ dicebant.

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber II#285|286.]]}} {{sc|'''foedavit'''}} cruentavit, ut “sanguine foedantem”. et bene permansit in translatione, quia supra dixerat ‘o lux’: ideo et ‘serenos’, ideo et ‘foedavit’: nam Sallustius de nubibus “foedavere lumen”.

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber II#285|287.]]}} {{sc|'''ille nihil'''}} scilicet ad interrogata: pleraque enim verba ex negotiis accipiunt significationem. {{sc|'''vana'''}} falsa.

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber II#285|288.]]}} {{sc|'''gemitvs'''}} nec enim parvus dolor est viro forti fortem virum fugam suadere. et nota, omnes suasoriae partes hoc loco contineri.

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber II#285|289.]]}} {{sc|'''fvge nate dea'''}} propositio est. {{sc|'''eripe flammis'''}} utile. {{sc|'''his'''}} autem deiktikos.

{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber II#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''a cvlmine'''}} vel a dignitate sua, vel vere a culmine, id est a tectis suis: et ideo culmina dicta sunt tecta, quia veteres de culmo aedificia contegebant.

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber II#290|291.]]}} {{sc|'''sat patriae priamoqve datvm'''}} honestum: nam contra fata venire constat neminem posse. {{sc|'''sat patriae priamoqve datvm'''}} vel regnasse: vel sat pro patria et Priamo militasti.

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber II#290|292.]]}} {{sc|'''etiam'''}} multi distinguunt, ut sit ‘adhuc’, ut “etiam currus”, “etiam arma tenentem”: intellegunt enim, eum ostendere voluisse, Troiam voluntate divina certo tempore esse defensam, et nunc, si salutem tenere per fata potuisset, ipsius quoque dextera potuisse defendi: sed melius est ‘etiam hac’, ut et particeps gloriae sit Aeneas, et Hector vitet superbiam. quidam ‘etiam’ pro ‘denique’ vel ‘postremo’ accipiunt.

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber II#290|293.]]}} {{sc|'''tibi'''}} merito ‘tibi’, quod religiosus et pius est. {{sc|'''commendat trioa penates'''}} necessarium; nam sacrilegium est non liberare commendatos penates. et non ‘ego’, sed ‘Troia’, ut videatur patriae praestare quod fugiat.

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber II#290|294.]]}} {{sc|'''fatorvm comites'''}} possibile. quia occurrebat ‘hostis habet muros’, dat ei comites deos. et scite ait ‘fatorum’, ne Aeneas diceret, quo mihi eos comites? {{sc|'''his moenia qvaere'''}} hoc est “dum conderet urbem inferretque deos”. et multi ‘quaere’ distinguunt, et sic subiungunt ‘magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto’; non enim magna moenia inventurum promittit, sed magna facturum. nam et di penates in tertio ita monent “tu moenia magnis magna para”.

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber II#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''pererrato'''}} una pars orationis. hoc autem verbo ostendit erroris longinquitatem.

{{ancora+|296|[[Aeneis/Liber II#295|296.]]}} {{sc|'''vestam'''}} deam ignis, quae, ut supra diximus, terra est: quod in medio mundo librata vi sua stet et ignem intra se habeat. alii de igne divino hoc volunt dictum, quod vi sua stet, inde Vestam. sed in primo libro dictum, quos deos penates ab Aenea advectos diversorum opinio prodiderit; quod etiam singulis locis, ubi de penatibus varias opiniones poeta secutus dixerit, notatum invenitur. hic ergo quaeritur, utrum Vesta etiam de numero penatium sit, an comes eorum accipiatur, quod cum consules et praetores sive dictator abeunt magistratu, Lavini sacra penatibus simul et Vestae faciunt: unde Vergilius, cum praemisisset ‘sacra suosque tibi c. T. p.’, adiecit ‘et manibus vittas Vestamque potentem’. sed ‘potentem’ potest ad illud accipi theous dunatous, sicut vocari penates dictum est. non nulli tamen penates esse dixerunt, per quos penitus spiramus et corpus habemus et animi rationes possidemus. eos autem esse Iovem, aetherem medium; Iunonem, imum aera cum terra; summum aetheris cacumen, Minervam: quos Tarquinius, Demarati Corinthii filius, Samothraciis religionibus mystice imbutus, uno templo et sub eodem tecto coniunxit. his addidit et Mercurium, sermonum deum. hos Vergilius theous megalous, ut “Iunonis magnae primum”; theous dunatous, ut “dominamque potentem”; theous khrestous, ut “et bona Iuno”: quae propter admonitionem locis suis notata sunt.

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber II#295|297.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternvmqve adytis'''}} E. P. I. quod in templo Vestae ignis aeternus est. ecce ipse exposuit quid est Vesta.

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber II#295|298.]]}} {{sc|'''diverso interea'''}} haec est prooeconomia. ait enim, Aeneam non fuisse proditorem, sed propter longinquitatem domus et tarde bella cognovisse, et facilius evitasse discrimen.

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber II#295|299.]]}} {{sc|'''magis atqve magis'''}} iteratione sermonis facit augmentum, ac si diceret ‘magis ac plus’: sed propter metrum non potuit. sic est et in diminutione †ut est.

{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber II#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''anchisae domvs'''}} satis religiose locis omnibus quamdiu vivit Anchises, ei universa concedit, ut alio loco “et pater Anchises dare fatis vela iubebat”. {{sc|'''arboribvsqve obtecta'''}} laus domus. {{sc|'''recessit'''}} a frequentia se removit, id est separata fuit. et est speciosa translatio, quotiens rei mobilis ad inmobilem, vel e contra transfertur officium.

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber II#300|301.]]}} {{sc|'''ingrvit'''}} invadit, ut “ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet”.

{{ancora+|302|[[Aeneis/Liber II#300|302.]]}} {{sc|'''excvtior somno'''}} ut appareat terroris esse, non satietatis: nam clamoribus et sonitu interruptus est, ut non ipse somnum excuteret, sed somnus illum.

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber II#300|303.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}} translatio ab animalibus, quae ad omnem sonum erigunt aures.

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber II#300|304.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm flamma fvrentibvs avstris'''}} ubique bene vis aquae et ignis bello comparatur, quia utriusque rei prope unus est effectus.

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber II#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvs'''}} quare ‘rapidus'? quia montano flumine. {{sc|'''flvmine'''}} fluxu, ut “largoque umectat flumine vultum”. {{sc|'''torrens'''}} fluvius qui aestate siccatur, unde et nomen accepit. cui Graeci per contrarium dedere vocabulum; nam kheimarrhoon dixerunt a tempore quo crescit: sicut aequinoctium et isemeria.

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber II#305|306.]]}} {{sc|'''bovm labores'''}} ut alibi “nec tamen haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores”.

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber II#305|307.]]}} {{sc|'''trahit silvas'''}} hoc speciale fluvii est, supra dicta vero etiam ignis. {{sc|'''inscivs'''}} non ignarus; nam videt: sed qui non valde sit causarum peritus, id est simplex, apeiros.

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber II#305|308.]]}} {{sc|'''saxi de vertice'''}} pro ‘montis’. contra in sexto montem pro saxo posuit, ut “prensantemque uncis manibus capita aspera montis”.

{{ancora+|309|[[Aeneis/Liber II#305|309.]]}} {{sc|'''manifesta fides'''}} non somnii, ut quidam volunt, sed fraudis Graecorum: nam et hoc sequitur ‘Danaumque patescunt insidiae’. quamvis alii hoc ad Laocoontis interitum, alii ad responsa Cassandrae applicent.

{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber II#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''iam deiphobi'''}} quia ipse post mortem Paridis Helenam duxit uxorem: unde ei Graecos graviter constat esse iratos, de quo in sexto plenius narratur.

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber II#310|311.]]}} {{sc|'''proximvs ardet vcalegon'''}} proximus Deiphobo. rem domus ad personam transtulit. et est to aition: hoc est causativum; ideo enim ardet, quia proximus est: ut “Mantua vae miserae nimium vicina Cremonae”. {{sc|'''proximvs ardet vcalegon'''}}] bene [2.ergo] primam Deiphobi domum dicit invasam, apud quem Helena fuerat, secundum Ucalegonem posuit, quem iuxta Homerum in consiliis et amicitia constat Priami fuisse.

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber II#310|312.]]}} {{sc|'''sigea'''}} duo sunt Troiae promunturia, Rhoeteum et Sigeum, quod dictum est propter Herculis taciturnitatem, qui prohibitus hospitio a Laomedonte simulavit abscessum, et inde contra Troiam per silentium venit, quod dicitur sige. {{sc|'''freta lata relvcent'''}} incendii magnitudinem voluit significare, non hoc describere. [2.ut nobis ostenderet quam lata sint.] ‘lata’ autem ideo, quia se angustiae Pontici oris illic dilatant, ut Sallustius dixit.

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber II#310|313.]]}} {{sc|'''clamorqve virvm'''}} sive qui caedebantur, sive qui caedebant. {{sc|'''clangor'''}} Graecum est: nam klagge dicitur. illud sane sciendum est, quia morem tetigit expugnationis; plerumque enim ad tubam evertuntur civitates, sicut Albam Tullus Hostilius iussit everti.

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber II#310|314.]]}} {{sc|'''amens'''}} qui nec somniis credidi, nec rebus aspectis. [2.quamvis quidam sic exponant]. {{sc|'''capio'''}} non manibus [2.interim], sed animo; nam in tecto erat; ergo ‘capio’ placet mihi sumere. {{sc|'''nec sat rationis in armis'''}} aut quoniam ‘amens’, ideo nec sat rationis: aut ostendere vult, primam ei cogitationem fuisse de patria, sed subveniendi ei armis nullam fuisse rationem, ardente iam patria; quomodo enim incensam civitatem defenderet.

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber II#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''bello'''}} ad bellum. {{sc|'''concvrrere in arcem'''}} quod inde facile possit pugnari hostibus.

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber II#315|316.]]}} {{sc|'''fvror iraqve mentem praecipitant'''}} potest quidem specialiter accipi, id est mentem meam furor et ira praecipitarunt; sed melius est generaliter: non mirum est, me arma cepisse sine ratione; furor enim et ira mentem praecipitant.

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber II#315|317.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchrvmqve mori svccvrrit in armis'''}} ratio viri fortis; quid enim aliud a bono cive et forti amissae patriae posset inpendi. et ‘succurrit’ in animum venit.

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber II#315|318.]]}} {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} verbum aptum his qui vix evaserunt. {{sc|'''panthvs othryades'''}} everso Ilio ab Hercule et occiso Laomedonte, Priamus iudicans vitio potius loci, quam ira deorum calamitatem accidisse patriae, misit Delphos filium Antenoris sciscitaturum, an eversum Ilium fas esset iisdem erigi fundamentis. erat illo tempore Apollinis Delphici sacerdos Panthus Othryadis filius miranda pulchritudine. hunc filius Antenoris, ut dicitur amore captus, rapuit et Ilium perduxit: cuius iniuriam Priamus volens honore pensare, sacerdotem eum Apollinis fecit, ut quo honore insignis apud suos fuerat, eo apud alios non esset inferior.

{{ancora+|319|[[Aeneis/Liber II#315|319.]]}} {{sc|'''arcis phoebiqve sacerdos'''}} aut subrogatum intellegimus: aut, quod melius est, morem Romanum tetigit; in Capitolio enim omnium deorum simulacra colebantur, ut sit eius Apollinis sacerdos, qui in arce colebatur. aut quia et Thymbraeus Apollo colebatur apud Troiam, ideo addidit alterius; et est ‘arcis’, quasi arcani, quia ipsum esse dicunt urbium conditorem. aut ‘arcis’ Minervae accipiamus.

{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber II#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''sacra manv'''}} hoc est propter quod supra ait ‘sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia penates’. {{sc|'''victosqve deos'''}} qui egebant sacerdotis auxilio. simul et Aeneae excusatur abscessus.

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber II#320|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse trahit'''}} id est qui numina liberabat, inter pietatem religionemque districtus. {{sc|'''ipse trahit'''}} septima syllepsis est; ‘trahit’ enim licet nepotis tantum sit, tamen et superiora concludit. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} legitur et ‘cursum’. {{sc|'''ad limina'''}} scilicet Aeneae: per quod et religio eius laudatur et virtus.

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber II#320|322.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo res svmma loco panthv'''}} id est universus status quo loco positus? et bene civis utilis de re publica primum sollicitus est. sed hoc totum admirantis est, non interrogantis. et ‘Panthu’ vocativus est Graecus. ‘res summa’ res publica {{sc|'''qvam prendimvs'''}} ARCEM?? cum tu eam relinquas; non enim plures erant arces: unde admirantis est. ‘prendimus’ autem occupamus. et notanda simul orationis brevitas, quae in periculis congruit.

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber II#320|323.]]}} {{sc|'''gemitv'''}} ut ostendat, luctuosam rem se esse dicturum.

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber II#320|324.]]}} {{sc|'''svmma dies'''}} ultima, ut “supreme Iuppiter”. ‘dies’ autem si feminino genere ponatur, tempus significat, ut “quam nec longa dies”: si masculino, ipsum diem. et de masculino genere tria observanda sunt: in qualitate, numero, adverbio; in qualitate ‘serenus dies’ dicitur, non ‘serena’; numero “bis quinos silet ille dies”, non ‘bis quinas’; adverbio ‘hodie’, non ‘hac die’. ceterum ‘diecula’ nihil praeiudicat, quia multa deminutiva recedunt a nominibus primae positionis, ut ‘scutum’ ‘scutula’, ‘canis’ ‘canicula’, ‘rana’ ‘ranunculus’. {{sc|'''inelvctabile'''}} quod nemo eluctari possit ut effugiat, cum decem annis luctati simus.

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber II#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''dardaniae'''}} Troiae: aut a Dardano Iovis et Electrae filio, quem quidam ab Arcadia profectum venisse ad Phrygiam volunt, alii de Samothracia ad memorata loca venisse dicunt: qui ex nomine suo Dardanos populares appellavit: qui ex Samothracia Troiam penates dicitur detulisse, quos post secum Aeneas ad Italiam vexit; namque Samothraces horum penatium antistites Saos vocabant, qui postea a Romanis Salii appellati sunt; hi enim sacra penatium curabant: quos tamen penates alii Apollinem et Neptunum volunt, alii hastatos esse et in regia positos tradunt. Tusci penates Cererem et Palem et Fortunam dicunt: aut certe secundum Sallustium “a rege Dardanorum Mida, qui Phrygiam tenuit”.

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber II#325|326.]]}} {{sc|'''fervs ivppiter'''}} summae necessitatis est, cum etiam sacerdos in convicia ruit deorum: quod servat Vergilius ne umquam tradat Aeneae. ‘ferus’ autem invidiose dictum est, et ad tempus epitheton: nam Iuppiter aequus est omnibus, ut “rex Iuppiter omnibus idem”. hinc et paulo post “ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma”, hoc est qui aequalis esse consuevit.

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber II#325|327.]]}} {{sc|'''argos transtvlit'''}} quasi dicat, qui defendas quod Iuppiter transtulit?

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber II#325|328.]]}} {{sc|'''ardvvs'''}} hic altus, ut “illi ardua cervix”. et ideo “demissum lapsi per funem”. {{sc|'''mediis in moenibvs'''}} ubi arx fuerat. {{sc|'''adstans'''}} pro stans: et est prothesis.

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber II#325|329.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndit eqvvs'''}} Homerus “hippothen ekkhumenoi:” et ad velocitatem et ad multitudinem. et sonore, quasi adhuc descendant. {{sc|'''victor'''}} propositi effector, ut “rapidusque rotis insistere victor”. {{sc|'''miscet'''}} scilicet caedibus.

{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber II#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''insvltans'''}} non dicit [2.illis] Graecos insultare, sed Sinonem, qui illis muros patefecerat dolis. et ‘insultare’ est in alienum dolorem, ‘exsultare’ vere gaudere. {{sc|'''bipatentibvs'''}} quia geminae sunt portae. et quidam ‘bipatentibus’ praesumptum accipiunt, quia ‘bi’ particula non praeponitur, neque verbis neque participiis; nemo enim dicit ‘bipateo’ et ‘bipatens’; sed praeponitur appellationibus, ut ‘bipennis’.

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber II#330|331.]]}} {{sc|'''milia'''}} subaudis ‘tot’, et est anakolouthon: nam dixit ‘quot’, cum non praemiserit ‘tot’. et ita vel augendi gratia, vel perturbatus dicit, tantos esse Graecos, quanti olim venerint, quasi nemo perierit decennali bello. {{sc|'''vmqvam'''}} pro quondam.

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber II#330|332.]]}} {{sc|'''angvsta viarvm'''}} angustas vias, id est vicos: et est ut “strata viarum”.

{{ancora+|333|[[Aeneis/Liber II#330|333.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} aut horret, ut “stant lumina flamma:” aut ‘stat’ a stantibus in medio armatis tenetur. {{sc|'''ferri acies'''}} bene addidit ‘ferri’, quia homonymum est ‘acies’ et multa significat, ut ‘exercitus’, ‘ferri’, ‘oculorum’.

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber II#330|334.]]}} {{sc|'''stricta'''}} nuda: unde et destringere dicimus. {{sc|'''vix'''}} modo ‘aegre’. {{sc|'''primi'''}} vel in primo introitu collocati, vel periculo primi.

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber II#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''caeco marte'''}} aut nocturno proelio; aut epitheton Martis est, cuius exitus semper incertus est. {{sc|'''caeco marte'''}}] aut confusa pugna; aut quia caecantur animae pugnantum.

{{ancora+|336|[[Aeneis/Liber II#335|336.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmine divvm'''}} subaudis ‘tali’, hoc est mala iniciente desideria. nam paulo post ait “vadimus inmixti Danais haud numine nostro”. cum ergo hoc esset, tamen omisso consilio ‘in flammas et in arma feror’.

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber II#335|337.]]}} {{sc|'''erinys'''}} inpatientia animi hoc loco, quae in furorem impellit.

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber II#335|338.]]}} {{sc|'''fremitvs'''}} perturbatio. {{sc|'''et svblatvs'''}} et unde sublatus.

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber II#335|339.]]}} {{sc|'''addvnt se socios'''}} non dixit ‘quaero socios’, sed ‘addunt se’, ut ipse ab illis videatur esse quaesitus.

{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber II#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''oblati per lvnam'''}} agniti per lunae splendorem.

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber II#340|341.]]}} {{sc|'''adglomerant'''}} adglomerantur, ut “nox umida caelo praecipitat”. {{sc|'''coroebvs mygdonides'''}} hic filius Mygdonis et Anaximenes. ergo Mygdonides patronymicum est: nam si gentis esset, ‘Mygdonius’ diceret; nullum enim gentis nomen in ‘des’ exit. hunc autem Coroebum stultum inducit Euphorion, quem et Vergilius sequitur, dans ei “dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat?” cum sit turpis dolo quaesita victoria.

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber II#340|342.]]}} {{sc|'''illis ad troiam'''}} deest ‘qui’.

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber II#340|343.]]}} {{sc|'''insano amore'''}} aut perpetuum epitheton amoris est, ut “nunc insanus amor”; aut ‘insano’ magno, ut “insano iuvat indulgere dolori”; aut ‘insano’, quia belli tempore amabat Coroebus.

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber II#340|344.]]}} {{sc|'''et gener'''}} ‘gener’ dicitur et qui est, et qui esse vult, ut hic indicat locus; sicut etiam maritus, unde est “quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos”. {{sc|'''gener'''}}] secundem spem illius; neque enim iam erat gener; nam ideo subiunxit ‘sponsae’.

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber II#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} quem mox manebat interitus; vel infelix causae suae; vel qui sponsam non audierit. {{sc|'''praecepta'''}} propter illud: “tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris”. {{sc|'''fvrentis'''}} vaticinantis.

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber II#345|348.]]}} {{sc|'''incipio svper his'''}} his incipio, id est verbis. ‘super’ autem insuper, quis iam audebant: unde paulo post ait ‘furor additus’. {{sc|'''ivvenes fortissima frvstra pectora'''}} ordo talis est: iuvenes, fortissima pectora, frustra succurritis urbi incensae, quia excesserunt omnes dii: unde si vobis cupido certa est, me sequi audentem extrema, moriamur et in media arma ruamus. [2.alii ‘sequi’ pro ‘sequendi’ accipiunt.] obscuritatem autem facit hoc loco et synchysis, id est hyperbati longa confusio, et falsa lectio: nam multi ‘audendi’ legunt, multi ‘audenti’. sed neutrum procedit. ergo ‘audentem’ legendum est.

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber II#350|351.]]}} {{sc|'''excessere'''}} quia ante expugnationem evocabantur ab hostibus numina propter vitanda sacrilegia. inde est, quod Romani celatum esse voluerunt, in cuius dei tutela urbs Roma sit. et iure pontificum cautum est, ne suis nominibus dii Romani appellarentur, ne exaugurari possint. et in Capitolio fuit clipeus consecratus, cui inscriptum erat ‘genio urbis Romae, sive mas sive femina’. et pontifices ita precabantur ‘Iuppiter optime maxime, sive quo alio nomine te appellari volueris’: nam ipse ait “sequimur te, sancte deorum, quisquis es”.

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber II#350|352.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs'''}} subaudimus ‘auxiliantibus’, vel per quos stetit.

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber II#350|353.]]}} {{sc|'''moriamvr et in media arma rvamvs'''}} hysteroproteron quidem est; nam ante est in arma ruere, et sic mori. bene tamen ‘moriamur’ opportuniore loco posuit; ante enim dixerat ‘quae sit rebus fortuna videtis’.

{{ancora+|354|[[Aeneis/Liber II#350|354.]]}} {{sc|'''vna salvs victis nvllam sperare salvtem'''}} plerumque enim desperatione robur augetur, ut Statius “est ubi dat vires nimius timor”. item scimus mortem captivitatis esse remedium. hoc ergo suadet, ut aut desperatione vincant, aut vitetur morte captivitas. {{sc|'''salvs'''}} nunc remedium.

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber II#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''lvpi cev'''}} hoc ad ferocitatem pertinet, ‘nebula’ ad noctem, ‘catuli’ ad liberos coniugesque. {{sc|'''lvpi cev'''}}] ordo [2.tamen] est ‘ceu lupi’. et hoc est dictum ab exemplo. sane apud veteres ‘lupus’ promiscuum erat, ut Ennius “lupus femina feta repente”. et bene belli negotium lupo comparavit, qui est in tutela Martis, dei bellici.

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber II#355|356.]]}} {{sc|'''raptores'''}} ab actu. {{sc|'''atra in nebvla'''}} ab occasione; vel certe nocti comparavit. {{sc|'''inproba ventris'''}} a necessitate et causa duplici: una ‘quos inproba ventris exegit caecos rabies’, altera ‘catulique relicti faucibus expectant’.

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber II#355|357.]]}} {{sc|'''exegit'''}} exclusit, de latebris scilicet, ut Terentius “spectandae an exigendae sint vobis prius”. {{sc|'''catvliqve'''}} sane catuli non solum canum sed et serpentum, ut “aut catulos tectis, aut ova relinquens”. Plautus etiam suum “et ego te conculcabo, ut sus catulos suos”. {{sc|'''relicti'''}} deserti et destituti, ut “cui pauca relicti iugere ruris”.

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber II#355|358.]]}} {{sc|'''favcibvs expectant siccis'''}} id est nimia cupiditate aperiuntur.

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber II#355|359.]]}} {{sc|'''mediaeqve tenemvs'''}} hoc ad audaciam pertinet. et contra, ubi de timore agit “namque avia cursu dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum”.

{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber II#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''cava vmbra'''}} bonum epitheton; naturale enim est, ut obscurum sit omne concavum. vel ‘cava’ inani, et hinc adparet occidisse iam lunam; nam ideo et Androgeus falsus est.

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber II#360|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} etiam Graecorum, ut “quis talia fando”. et bene interrupta narratione exclamavit, ut affectum moveret. {{sc|'''lacrimis aeqvare'''}} LABORES? hypallage pro ‘laboribus aequare lacrimas’, ut “dare classibus austros”.

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber II#360|363.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbs antiqva'''}} vel nobilis, vel quia duobus milibus octingentis annis regnasse firmatur. et quid est ‘antiqua’, ipse subiunxit ‘multos dominata per annos’. sane hoc dolentis est, non narrantis.

{{ancora+|364|[[Aeneis/Liber II#360|364.]]}} {{sc|'''sternvntvr inertia passim corpora'''}} aut non repugnantia, ut “pecora inter inertia votis optat aprum:” aut ‘inertia’, dum occiduntur, ut “inbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum”, hoc est avertendo ostendis inbellem. aut per somnum ‘inertia’.

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber II#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''relligiosa'''}} gradatim ascendit, ‘vias’, ‘domos’, ‘templa’. videtur autem et diis invidiam facere, qui templa sua violari cadaveribus passi sunt. sane ‘religiosus’ et homo dicitur attentus ad religionem, et locus, qui divinum cultum et venerationem meretur. ergo ‘religiosa’ religionis plena. significat etiam metum. sane ‘relligio’ geminatur ‘l’ propter metri necessitatem.

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber II#365|366.]]}} {{sc|'''poenas dant'''}} moriuntur indigne: hoc enim proprie significat, ut “heu nimium virgo, nimium crudele luisti supplicium”, item “nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas”.

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber II#365|367.]]}} {{sc|'''qvondam'''}} hic praeteriti temporis est. {{sc|'''redit in praecordia virtvs'''}} atqui ait Horatius “nec vera virtus cum semel excidit, curat reponi deterioribus”. sed sententiae non semper generales sunt, sed interdum pro negotiorum qualitate formantur.

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber II#365|368.]]}} {{sc|'''victoresqve cadvnt danai'''}} generaliter dixit ‘victores’, id est ad fortunam partis retulit, quae vincebat; neque enim victores erant qui cadebant. {{sc|'''crvdelis vbiqve lvctvs vbiqve pavor'''}} aut utrobique, id est apud Graecos et apud Troianos; aut ‘ubique’ per totam civitatem.

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber II#365|369.]]}} {{sc|'''plvrima mortis imago'''}} aut definitio timoris est, aut varietas mortis ostenditur, id est gladio, igni, ruina. alii intellegunt ‘plurima mortis imago’ aut frequentissima, aut praesentissima.

{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber II#370|371.]]}} {{sc|'''androgeos'''}} et Graeca est et Attica declinatio: unde est “in foribus letum Androgeo”. facit enim ho Androgeos, tou Androgeo.

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber II#370|373.]]}} {{sc|'''viri'''}} increpantis est, ut solet in milites dici.

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber II#370|374.]]}} {{sc|'''sera segnities'''}} quae seros facit, id est tardos, ut “mors pallida”. sane ‘segnities’ iuxta antiquos dictum est, nam modo ‘segnitia’ dicitur. ‘segnis’ autem est proprie frigidus, sine igni, ut ‘securus’ sine cura, ‘sedulus’ sine dolo. {{sc|'''fervntqve pergama'''}} emphatikos, ut “Ilium in Italiam portans victosque penates”. {{sc|'''fervntqve pergama'''}}] quasi ipsam funditus civitatem in victoriam suam transferunt.

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber II#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''itis'''}} pro venitis: ut e contra Terentius “nisi eo ad mercatum venio”, pro ‘eo’.

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber II#375|377.]]}} {{sc|'''fida satis'''}} bene addidit ‘fida’, ut ostenderet symbolum, quo utebantur in bello. ergo non dixit ‘fidelia’, sed quae ad fidem habendam pellicere non possent. {{sc|'''medios'''}} manifestos, ut “medioque ex hoste recepi”. et “quamquam in media iam morte tentetur”. ordo autem est ‘sensit in medios hostes se esse delapsum’. ergo ‘delapsus’ nominativum pro accusativo posuit, ut Horatius “vir bonus et sapiens dignis ait esse paratus” pro ‘ait se dignis paratum esse’.

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber II#375|378.]]}} {{sc|'''retroqve pedem repressit'''}} aut ‘retro’ vacat, aut in ‘repressit’ ‘re’ vacat. sed veteres ‘retro repressit’ dicebant, ut et “nec nos obniti contra”.

{{ancora+|379|[[Aeneis/Liber II#375|379.]]}} {{sc|'''aspris'''}} synaeresis est, ut “conpostus”. {{sc|'''angvem'''}} katakhrestikos. Homerus drakonta dixit.

{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber II#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''hvmi nitens'''}} incedens per humum. et est adverbium. {{sc|'''trepidvs'''}} vel pavens vel festinans.

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber II#380|382.]]}} {{sc|'''havd secvs'''}} non aliter. dicebant veteres ‘secus’ et ‘iuxta’, unde et ‘extrinsecus’. {{sc|'''abibat'''}} bene inperfecto usus est, non enim abiit.

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber II#380|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignarosqve loci'''}} palantes, errantes. et his circumstantiis ostendit, a paucis plures potuisse superari. ordo autem est ‘passim sternimus’.

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber II#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''adspirat'''}} favet, ut “adspirant aurae in noctem”: unde et favor ‘aura’ dicitur, ut “gaudens popularibus auris”. {{sc|'''primo'''}} quia postea non fuit.

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber II#385|386.]]}} {{sc|'''svccessv exvltans'''}} felicitate: quod est stultitiae.

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber II#385|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qva prima inqvit fortvna'''}} non ‘quae prima’, sed ‘qua primum’. est autem hypallage, ut “ibant obscuri sola sub nocte” pro ‘ipsi soli’: quae fit non ornatus causa, ut “pars in frusta secant”, sed necessitatis. {{sc|'''fortvna'''}} bene ‘fortuna’; neque enim consilio Androgeos occisus est. {{sc|'''salvtis'''}} efficax adhortatio.

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber II#385|388.]]}} {{sc|'''dextra'''}} vel ‘fortuna dextra’, id est favens, propitia, ut ‘laeva’ contraria; vel ‘dextra’ ad manum referendum.

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber II#385|389.]]}} {{sc|'''clipeos'''}} maiora scuta, quibus latemus, apo tou kleptein to soma. {{sc|'''insignia'''}} omnia arma.

{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber II#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''dolvs an virtvs qvis in hoste'''}} REQUIRAT?? videtur deesse aliquid, ut puta: dolus an virtus in bello proficiat, quis in hoste requirat?

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber II#390|391.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} subdistingue, ut sit quasi interrogantis, et responsio ‘dabunt ipsi’. {{sc|'''comantem'''}} aut cristatam, quia de caudis animalium habebant cristas, ut “cristaque hirsutus equina”: aut comas habentem, ut Statius “non ego in terga comantis Abantiadas”.

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber II#390|392.]]}} {{sc|'''androgei'''}} modo Latine declinavit; alibi Graece “letum Androgeo”. {{sc|'''insigne decorvm'''}} ornamentum decorum: non enim sunt duo epitheta, quod apud Latinos vitiosum est. fecit hoc tamen Vergilius in paucis versibus, qui tamen emendati sunt, ut “lenta quibus torno facili super addita vitis”, cum antea ‘facilis’ fuerit. sane ‘clipei insigne’ periphrastikos pro clipeo.

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber II#390|393.]]}} {{sc|'''indvitvr'''}} quia multa inerant in scuto lora, quibus manum inserebant, ut “clipeoque sinistram insertabam aptans”. {{sc|'''adcommodat'''}} mire ‘adcommodat’, ut ignorares, quorum esset.

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber II#390|394.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc ipse'''}} multi hic distinguunt et ad Aeneam referunt: et ideo subiunctum ‘spoliis se quisque recentibus armat’. alii ‘hoc ipse Dymas’ distinguunt, ut ignotis personis addita dignitas videatur, ut est “quos Imbrasus ipse nutrierat”. et repetitum ‘hoc’ emphasis properantium, non figura epanalepsis a quibusdam traditur.

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber II#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} quod est prothumou.

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber II#395|396.]]}} {{sc|'''inmixti'''}} vacat ‘in’, ut solet frequenter. {{sc|'''havd nvmine nostro'''}} aut diis contrariis: aut quia in scutis Graecorum Neptunus, in Troianorum fuerat Minerva depicta. {{sc|'''havd nvmine nostro'''}}] [2.hoc est] ‘haud nostro’ non nobis utili: et ideo paulo post ‘heu nihil invitis fas quemquam credere divis’, ut est “nec di texere Cupencum, Aenea veniente, sui”.

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber II#395|397.]]}} {{sc|'''congressi proelia'''}} ‘bellum’ est totum tempus, ut Iugurthinum, Punicum, Macedonicum; ‘pugna’ unius diei; ‘proelium’ pars pugnae.

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber II#395|398.]]}} {{sc|'''conserimvs'''}} id est adversa fronte pugnavimus, ne forte nulla virtus videretur Troianorum, si dolo pugnassent.

{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber II#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''fida petvnt'''}} sibi scilicet. {{sc|'''formidine tvrpi'''}} epitheton timoris est. sic Sallustius “Carbo turpi formidine Italiam atque exercitum deseruit”.

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber II#400|401.]]}} {{sc|'''condvntvr in alvo'''}} non dum eunt, sed cum esse coeperint: unde et ablativo usus est, non accusativo, ut in georgicis “conditus in nubem”. tale est autem hoc, quale illud ‘includuntur in carcere’ et ‘includuntur in carcerem’.

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber II#400|402.]]}} {{sc|'''hev nihil invitis fas qvemqvam fidere divis'''}} generalis quidem sententia est, sed loco congrua; sequitur enim et Cassandrae captivitas fidentis sacerdotio, et praecesserat armorum mutatio, quae nunc deprehenditur: alioquin vitiosa est, cum discrepat ab specialitate. est autem kataskeue, non potuisse eos vincere, quamvis fortiter dimicarent. {{sc|'''ecce trahebatvr'''}} bene dissimulavit de stupro Cassandrae.

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber II#400|403.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} ut quidam volunt ‘sacris’, quod sic vaticinari soleret. [2.ut si diceret sacris]. {{sc|'''priameia'''}} patronymicon quidem est, sed species possessivi; ‘Priameis’ vero tantum patronymicon est, sicut ‘Priamides’. et bene ‘virgo’, non filia.

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber II#400|404.]]}} {{sc|'''adytisqve'''}} bene ‘adytis’ ostendit illam sacerdotem religiosam fuisse; non enim accedunt ad adyta nisi religiosi sacerdotes. et emphatikos, quasi non sufficeret ‘a templo’, adiecit ‘adytis’.

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber II#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''tendens ardentia lvmina'''}} quod est manuum oculis dedit; solent enim homines in magnis motibus manus ad caelum tendere. {{sc|'''frvstra'''}} secundum Epicureos: et est separatum.

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber II#405|406.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebant'''}} continebant, vel prohibebant.

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber II#405|407.]]}} {{sc|'''hanc speciem'''}} iniuriae faciem, quod sacerdos, quod ab adytis, quod religata, quod passis crinibus trahebatur. Cicero Philippicarum XI. “ponite itaque ante oculos, p. c., miseram illam quidem et flebilem speciem, sed ad incitandos nostros animos necessariam”. species sane medium est; nam et bona et mala est. {{sc|'''fvriata'''}} ‘furiosus’ est a quo furor numquam recedit, ‘furiatus’ qui furit ex causa. et est figura Graeca, maneis tas phrenas. quidam sane participium volunt ‘furiata’ a verbo figurato apud Horatium furiare: sic ‘fortunare’, sic ‘scelerare’. {{sc|'''sese'''}} autos hauton.

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber II#405|408.]]}} {{sc|'''peritvrvs'''}} melior sensus est, si ad dimicantis referatur affectum: sicut de Tarchonte, de quo dixit “et medios fertur moriturus in hostes”, cum vicerit. {{sc|'''et sese medivm iniecit moritvrvs in agmen'''}}] [2.et] bene Coroebum non suadentem pugnam, ut supra, fecit, sed mox pugnantem, quoniam sponsam rapi videbat, in cuius causa pugnandum potius fuerat, quam loquendum. {{sc|'''densis'''}} kataskeue, ut merito superati sint a pluribus.

{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber II#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''cvlmine'''}} tecto, quod ante culmis tegebatur.

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber II#410|411.]]}} {{sc|'''oritvr'''}} quasi aliud initium calamitatis. {{sc|'''caedes'''}} non proelium. {{sc|'''miserrima'''}} autem, quia inter cives.

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber II#410|412.]]}} {{sc|'''facie'''}} veritate. {{sc|'''ivbarvm'''}} pro ‘cristarum’, quae de caudis fiebant: ut est “cristaque hirsutus equina”.

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber II#410|413.]]}} {{sc|'''tvnc danai'''}} ordo est ‘tum Danai undique collecti invadunt’. {{sc|'''ereptae'''}} skhema dianoias: non enim dicit a Troianis sublatam, sed intellegendum reliquit.

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber II#410|414.]]}} {{sc|'''acerrimvs aiax'''}} Oi+leus sine dubio, quia Telamonius armorum iudicio superatus iam se peremerat. incertum est ergo, quando ab Aiace vitiata sit Cassandra: quod si, ut dicitur, in templo Minervae factum est, constat post stuprum Cassandram protractam.

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber II#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini atridae'''}} duo: quod habet excusationem, quia fratres sunt, propter similitudinem; nam numeri esse non potest; ‘gemini’ enim sunt proprie simul nati. {{sc|'''exercitvs omnis'''}} bene excusat propter victi pudorem: ut ‘obruimur numero’.

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber II#415|416.]]}} {{sc|'''adversi'''}} e contrario flantes.

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber II#415|417.]]}} {{sc|'''eois evrvs eqvis'''}} ab Eois equis, id est Solis, unde equi Solis oriuntur: nam Eurus ab oriente flat. notandum sane, quod, cum ‘Eous’ ‘e’ naturaliter longum habeat, metri necessitate correptum est propter sequentem vocalem. rarum autem est: nam nec proprium nomen est, ut ‘Diana’, nec sermo compositus, ut “sudibusve praeustis”.

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber II#415|418.]]}} {{sc|'''stridvnt silvae'''}} excursus poeticus: qui ultra tres versus fieri non debet. [2.ne sit vitiosissimum.] et ‘stridunt’ quidam antique declinatum tradunt, ut sit prima verbi positio ‘strido stridis stridit’, et faciat ‘stridimus striditis stridunt’. nos ‘strident’ dicimus a prima positione ‘strideo’, ut sit ‘stridemus stridetis strident’.

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber II#415|419.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmevs'''}} pro ‘spumosus’, ut ‘frondea’ pro ‘frondosa’. {{sc|'''atqve imo'''}} ‘ab’ minus est, id est ‘ab imo’. {{sc|'''illi'''}} propter illud ‘hic primum ex alto’.

{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber II#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''obscvra nocte per vmbram'''}} per umbram noctis obscurae: ut “molemque et montes”.

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber II#420|421.]]}} {{sc|'''fvdimvs'''}} modo ‘fugavimus’: nam sequitur ‘totaque agitavimus urbe’; alibi ‘interemimus’ significat. {{sc|'''totaqve'''}} per totam.

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber II#420|422.]]}} {{sc|'''mentitaqve tela'''}} verbo communi: hoc est ‘quae nos Graecos esse mentiebantur’. ut solet, sensum dedit rei inanimatae; non enim [2.illi] poterant tela mentiri. vel ‘per quae nos mentiebamur’.

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber II#420|423.]]}} {{sc|'''sono discordia'''}} sono discrepantia. {{sc|'''signant'''}} designant: aut per vocem, aut per symbolum, quo utebatur exercitus.

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber II#420|424.]]}} {{sc|'''ilicet'''}} confestim, mox. sane apud veteres ‘ilicet’ significabat sine dubio ‘actum est’. origo autem significationis inde descendit: olim iudex ubi sententiam dixerat, si dare finem agendis rebus volebat, per praeconem dicebat ‘ilicet’, hoc est ‘ire licet’, id est ‘acta et finita res est’. Terentius in adelphis “em tibi, rescivit omnem rem, id nunc clamat, ilicet”. idem in eunucho “actum est, ilicet, peristi”. {{sc|'''nvmero'''}} ne videantur virtute superati.

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber II#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''divae armipotentis'''}} bene Minervam Troianis expressit iratam, cum etiam eum ante aram perisse dicat, qui sacerdotem liberare temptaverat.

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber II#425|426.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstissimvs'''}} ‘iustum’ secundum leges vel aliqua ratione constrictum, ‘aequum’ iuxta naturam accipiunt. {{sc|'''vnvs'''}} non solus, sed praecipuus.

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber II#425|427.]]}} {{sc|'''aeqvi'''}} pro ‘aequitatis’. et optima figura est a feminino genere in neutrum transire.

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber II#425|428.]]}} {{sc|'''diis aliter visvm'''}} aut illum non esse iustissimum: an aliter visum, quam quod rectum erat: an pro ‘diis ita visum’; sic enim periit ut iniustus. et bene in ingenti indignatione Aeneae tamen nihil sacrilegum datur, vel cum sequatur ‘confixi a sociis’. {{sc|'''perevnt'''}} vel pro perierunt. {{sc|'''panthv'''}} vocativus Graecus est.

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber II#430|431.]]}} {{sc|'''iliaci cineres'''}} naturale est iurare per id quod carum quis habuit. et excusatur, ut supra diximus, fuga. ergo fuit necessarium iusiurandum. {{sc|'''extrema'''}} num ideo ‘extrema meorum’, quod existimet, nihil ex ea superesse?

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber II#430|432.]]}} {{sc|'''testor'''}} testificor: et deest ‘vos’.

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber II#430|433.]]}} {{sc|'''vices'''}} pugnas, quia per vicissitudinem pugnabatur, ut Sallustius docet. legimus etiam poenas ‘vices’ dici: Horatius “vicesque superbae te maneant ipsum”. sed de bello usurpatum est; nullum enim proelium caret periculo. [2.ergo] ‘vices’ pericula.

{{ancora+|434|[[Aeneis/Liber II#430|434.]]}} {{sc|'''mervisse manv'''}} testor me meruisse, id est fortiter dimicasse: hi enim merentur occidi. bene autem evasisse se fatis inputat, cum tam senex, quam debilis Iphitus et Pelias evaserint, occisis iuvenibus. {{sc|'''divellimvr'''}} sic dixit, quasi accuset, quod non perierint.

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber II#435|436.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlnere vlixi'''}} quod illi Ulixes inflixerat.

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber II#435|437.]]}} {{sc|'''protinvs ad sedes priami'''}} servavit ordinem, ut primo de patria, post de rege curaverit. ‘protinus’ hic statim, alibi porro tenus. {{sc|'''clamore'''}} bellico scilicet. {{sc|'''vocati'''}} clamorem secuti. {{sc|'''ingentem pvgnam'''}} merito, quippe in domo regia, ubi aut caput rei publicae erat, aut de qua maior spes erat praedae.

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber II#435|439.]]}} {{sc|'''forent'''}} pro essent. {{sc|'''morerentvr'''}} non pugnarent, ut supra “oriturque miserrima caedes”.

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber II#440|441.]]}} {{sc|'''acta testvdine'''}} adplicita, vel quae agebatur.

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber II#440|442.]]}} {{sc|'''haerent parietibvs scalae'''}} quod illae, quae feruntur ad pugnam, clavos habeant vel uncos, ut figantur: ideo haerent. {{sc|'''postesqve svb ipsos'''}} si circa portam, ‘sub postibus’; si circa fenestras, ‘circa postes’.

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber II#440|443.]]}} {{sc|'''nitvntvr'''}} pro nitebantur. {{sc|'''ad tela'''}} id est contra tela. et hoc verum est; nam si ‘ac tela’, sinistris manibus simul tenent tela et scutum, cum se tegunt.

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber II#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''tecta cvlmina'''}} ‘tecta’ participium est: aut eandem rem bis dixit. quamvis legatur et ‘tota’. {{sc|'''domorvm'''}} veteres ‘haec domus’, ut merito ablativus ‘o’ terminatus genetivum pluralem in ‘rum’ mitteret, ut ‘bono bonorum’; sed mutata postea declinatio est, ut ‘huius domus’ faceret: quod cum ita evenerit, ut ablativus in ‘u’ terminaretur, genetivum pluralem per ‘u’ geminat, ut ‘ab hoc fructu, fructuum’, ita et ‘domuum’: nam et Iuvenalis “viscera magnarum domuum” ait. nos tamen de antiqua declinatione praesumimus, ut ‘ab hac domo, harum domorum’ dicamus.

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber II#445|446.]]}} {{sc|'''his se'''}} propter quae pugnabant. sic Lucanus “in pugnam fregere rates” (3.674). vel ‘his’ huius modi. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} quatenus, quoniam.

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber II#445|447.]]}} {{sc|'''extrema in morte'''}} hoc est ruina civitatis.

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber II#445|448.]]}} {{sc|'''decora'''}} ab eo quod est ‘decus’, ut ‘pecus’.

{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber II#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''obsedere'''}} modo pro praesidio tenebant, ut sequentia indicant ‘hos servant agmine denso’.

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber II#450|451.]]}} {{sc|'''instavrati animi'''}} hinc ostenditur, eos superius defecisse: quod supra non dixit.

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber II#450|452.]]}} {{sc|'''levare'''}} iuvare. {{sc|'''vimqve'''}} virtutem: ut Sallustius “sed nostra omnis vis in anima et corpore sita est”. {{sc|'''victis'''}} qui vincebantur, ut et “qua vectus Abas”. {{sc|'''victis'''}} hoc est, sine vincendi spe laborantibus.

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber II#450|453.]]}} {{sc|'''limen erat'''}} contra illud, obsessis foribus quemadmodum ingressus sit: et dicit per posticum, quod generis est neutri, ut Horatius “atria servantem postico falle clientem”. nam si generis feminini legeris ‘postica’, augurale est, ut ‘antica’, ‘postica’. {{sc|'''caecae'''}} non omnibus notae. {{sc|'''vsvs'''}} verbum iuris: ‘via’ actus, usus. {{sc|'''pervivs vsvs'''}}] hoc Graeci andronas appellant.

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber II#450|454.]]}} {{sc|'''tectorvm inter se priami'''}} per quod iter ad utramque domum Priami commeabatur, ut appareat duas domos fuisse, alteram regiam Priami, alteram Hectoris, inter quas illi aditus. {{sc|'''postesqve relicti'''}} aut relictum spatium cum domus aedificaretur, ubi ostium fieret; aut relicti ab hostibus, id est quos hostes non obsederant.

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber II#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} non cum regna manebant, sed ad praesens rettulit tempus ‘infelix’. {{sc|'''dvm regna manebant'''}} ‘dum’ donec: et absolutus est sensus. alii tamen ‘cum’ legunt: sed ‘cum manebant’ quomodo dicimus, cum constet ‘manebant’ modum esse indicativum? hoc ergo sciendum est, quia, quando coniunctivus modus est, necesse est aliquid iungi aut subaudiri, ut ‘cum venirem, vidi illum’. si autem ‘cum veniebam’ dicamus, aut modus pro modo est, hoc est indicativus pro coniunctivo: aut ‘cum’ non erit coniunctio, sed adverbium temporis, et significat ‘tempore quo veniebam’.

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber II#455|456.]]}} {{sc|'''andromache'''}} notum est omnibus, hanc de gente Eetionis fuisse, uxorem Hectoris, matrem Astyanactis, de qua plenius omnia in tertio libro narrantur. {{sc|'''ferre incomitata'''}} ut et ad soceros iret saepius et non quaereret obsequia famulorum.

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber II#455|457.]]}} {{sc|'''ad soceros'''}} quare ‘ad soceros’, cum ‘socer’ et ‘socrus’ dicantur? sed meliori sexui respondit, id est masculino. {{sc|'''astyanacta'''}} hunc quidam ab Ulixe, alii a Menelao, absente Pyrrho, raptum et praecipitem datum ferunt; fatis enim praedictum fuerat puerum si supervixisset ultorem patriae et parentum futurum. {{sc|'''trahebat'''}} quasi puerum, ut “parvumque nepotem ipse trahit”.

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber II#455|458.]]}} {{sc|'''evado'''}} ‘e’ vacat, ut ‘emortuus’. sane minus est ‘hac’, id est ‘hac evado’.

{{ancora+|459|[[Aeneis/Liber II#455|459.]]}} {{sc|'''iactabant'''}} spargebant, quasi nihil profutura.

{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber II#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''in praecipiti'''}} in alto, unde quis potest praeceps dari: sequitur enim ‘sub astra eductam’. {{sc|'''edvctam'''}} extructam.

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber II#460|462.]]}} {{sc|'''solitae naves'''}} participium sine verbi origine: ‘soleo’ enim neutrale est, quod caret praeterito. {{sc|'''achaica castra'''}} videtur alios Danaos, alios Achaeos dixisse. {{sc|'''castra'''}} ubi exercitus sit ‘castra’ dicuntur: unde est “nos castra movemus et velorum pandimus alas”.

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber II#460|463.]]}} {{sc|'''svmma'''}} extrema, ut ‘supremum’ summum dicimus: ut “pro supreme Iuppiter”. {{sc|'''labantes'''}} faciles ad resolutionem. et est ordo ‘turrim convellimus inpulimusque’.

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber II#460|464.]]}} {{sc|'''tabvlata dabant'''}} quidam ‘dabant’ pro ‘faciebant’ intellegunt, ut “et intentem lato dedit ore fenestram”. olim sane domus de tabulis fiebant, unde hodieque in aedificiis surgentibus primum et secundum tabulatum dicimus. summum autem est quod tectum sustinet.

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber II#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''inpvlimvsqve'''}} quidam notant, quod non sit expressum, ubi stantes summum tectum inpulerunt. {{sc|'''repente'''}} ne provideri et vitari possit.

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber II#465|467.]]}} {{sc|'''ast alii svbevnt'''}} hic ostendit, priores perisse.

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber II#465|468.]]}} {{sc|'''telorvm interea cessat genvs'''}} bene addidit ‘genus’. telum enim dicitur secundum Graecam etymologiam apo tou telothen quicquid longe iaci potest: quamquam legerimus de gladio “at non hoc telum mea quod vi dextera versat” et sequitur “dixit et sublatum consurgit in ensem”. telum autem illo loco dictum a longitudine, unde et mustelam dicimus.

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber II#465|469.]]}} {{sc|'''vestibvlvm'''}} ‘vestibulum’ est prima ianuae pars. dictum autem vestibulum vel quod ianuam vestiat, ut videmus cameram duabus sustentatam columnis: vel quoniam Vestae consecratum est. unde nubentes puellae limen non tangunt. Lucanus “translata vitat contingere limina planta” (2.359). singula enim domus sacrata sunt diis: ut culina penatibus, maceries, quae ambit domum, Herceo Iovi. sane videtur vestibulum et limen pro una re dixisse. {{sc|'''pyrrhvs'''}} a colore comae dictus, qui Latine burrus dicitur. ita et Sallustius ‘Crispus’.

{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber II#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''lvce corvscvs aena'''}} pro luce aeni, ut “saxea procubet umbra”.

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber II#470|471.]]}} {{sc|'''in lvcem colvber'''}} deest ‘processit’. sed colubrum non nulli promiscuum nomen tradunt, quod ut sonantius fieret, finxit masculinum, ut diceret ‘coluber’. {{sc|'''mala gramina pastvs'''}} venenatis herbis, bebrokos kaka pharmaka, hoc est pro malis graminibus. legimus et “silva pastus harundinea”: nam illud aliud est “pascuntur vero silvas et summa Lycaei horrentesque rubos”: sed sciendum est, quia, licet hoc in usu sit, rarum tamen est apud antiquos. ‘pastus’ autem pro ‘qui pascebatur’, quia, ut supra diximus, in hoc Latinitas deficit.

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber II#470|472.]]}} {{sc|'''tvmidvm'''}} qui semper irascatur. {{sc|'''brvma'''}} id est hiemps. dicta autem ‘bruma’ quasi brakhu emar, id est brevis dies. est autem, ut hic locus indicat, generis feminini, numeri singularis.

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber II#470|473.]]}} {{sc|'''exvviis'''}} bene corium quo serpens exuitur exuvias dixit. {{sc|'''nitidvsqve ivventa'''}} novus; constat enim serpentes innovari virtute, pelle deposita.

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber II#470|474.]]}} {{sc|'''lvbrica terga'''}} lubricum dicitur et quod labitur, dum tenetur, ut piscis, serpens; et locus in quo labimur, ut “et sese opposuit Salio per lubrica surgens”.

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber II#475|476.]]}} {{sc|'''periphas'''}} ultima accentum non habet, ne femininum sit; nec tertia a fine, quia novissima longa est; ergo ‘ri’ habebit accentum. {{sc|'''agitator'''}} auriga secundum usum communem.

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber II#475|477.]]}} {{sc|'''armiger avtomedon'''}} Pyrrhi armiger: nam Achillis auriga fuit. {{sc|'''scyria pvbes'''}} a Scyro insula, una de Cycladibus, in qua Lycomedes fuit, pater Deidamiae: quam Achilles commendatus ibi a matre Thetide vitiat, unde Pyrrhus natus est. quamvis alii volente Lycomede Deidamiam Achilli datam in matrimonium dicunt.

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber II#475|478.]]}} {{sc|'''svccedvnt tecto'''}} pro ‘sub tectum cedunt’. et est figura, quia mutatus est casus.

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber II#475|479.]]}} {{sc|'''dvra'''}} valida limina, id est firmiter clausa: ideo non aperit, sed ‘perrumpit’. {{sc|'''bipenni'''}} ecce nomen, quod reservavit antiquitatem, quia veteres ‘pennas’ dicebant, non ‘pinnas’.

{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber II#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''vellit'''}} non ‘deiecit’; nam sequitur paulo post ‘labat ariete crebro’; sed ‘movet’, ut “Cynthius aurem vellit, et admonuit”. vel certe ‘vellere vult’, ut “ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem”. nam quare facit fenestram?

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber II#480|482.]]}} {{sc|'''ingentem fenestram'''}} epitheto, ut solet, auxit tapinosin †in dicendo ‘lato ore’. ‘dedit’ autem, id est fecit, ut Terentius “quas turbas dedit”.

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber II#480|483.]]}} {{sc|'''patescvnt'''}} aperiuntur ac per hoc videntur.

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber II#480|484.]]}} {{sc|'''penetralia'''}} id est domorum secreta, dicta penetralia aut ab eo quod est ‘penitus’, aut a penatibus.

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber II#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''armatosqve vident stantes'''}} unde supra “strictis mucronibus imas obsedere fores”. sic enim datur virtus ubique Troianis.

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber II#485|486.]]}} {{sc|'''at domvs interior'''}} de Albano excidio translatus est locus. {{sc|'''tvmvltv'''}} tumultus dictus quasi timor multus: unde Italica bella dicta sunt tumultus. bene autem addidit ‘misero’, quia est etiam terribilis.

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber II#485|487.]]}} {{sc|'''miscetvr'''}} perturbatur, ut “nec quisquam aeratas acies ex agmine tanto misceri putet”. {{sc|'''cavae aedes'''}} tecta camerata. ‘aedem’ autem numero singulari de templo tantum dicimus, plurali et de domibus et de templis. si aliter dictum inveneris, usurpatum est, ut ‘mella’ ‘hordea’ ‘aera’.

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber II#485|488.]]}} {{sc|'''ferit clamor'''}} secundum philosophos physicos, qui dicunt, vocem corpus esse: bene ergo ‘ferit’; nam et fluvius habet mugitum, res incorporalis. {{sc|'''avrea sidera'''}} multi ad laquearia referunt, quod stultum est.

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber II#485|489.]]}} {{sc|'''pavidae'''}} pro ‘paventes’. ‘pavidus’ est semper timens, ‘pavens’ ex causa, ut supra ‘furiatus’ et ‘furiosus’. {{sc|'''matres'''}} honoris nomen. {{sc|'''errant'''}} †confusio, consilio.

{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber II#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''amplexaeqve tenent postes atqve oscvla figvnt'''}} Apollonii locus, in quo inducitur Medea †patrem salutasse, et domum relinquens.

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber II#490|491.]]}} {{sc|'''vi patria'''}} secundum fidem generis sui, ut “stirpis Achilleae fastus”. item de Hercule “salve vera Iovis proles”.

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber II#490|493.]]}} {{sc|'''cardine'''}} a cardine. {{sc|'''primos'''}} quos dixit supra ‘strictis mucronibus’.

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber II#495|496.]]}} {{sc|'''non sic aggeribvs rvptis'''}} vult ostendere, gravius vastatam Troiam, quam agri fluviorum eruptione vastantur. et sciendum, comparationes aut pares esse, aut maiores, aut minores, aut similes, aut contra in similitudine comparatio ultro negatur, ut hoc loco, vel illic “non tam praecipites”. contrarium est “si parva licet componere magnis”. {{sc|'''spvmevs'''}} spumosus.

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber II#495|497.]]}} {{sc|'''exiit'''}} dicimus et ‘exivit’. sed ‘v’ subtrahit Vergilius, ut brevem faciat sequente vocali. et proprie plena flumina cum extra alveum suum crescunt ‘exire’ dicuntur, ut “praesertim incertis si mensibus amnis abundans exit”.

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber II#495|498.]]}} {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} augmento: exuberante fluctu, ut “cumulo praeruptus aquae mons”.

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber II#495|499.]]}} {{sc|'''vidi ipse fvrentem'''}} ut “quaeque ipse miserrima vidi”. et hic ‘vidi’ pro admiratione posuit; at vero ‘vidi Hecubam’ pro miseratione. sane ‘vidi ipse’ hac particula addita miseriorem se ostendit, cuius ante oculos casus patriae suorumque fortuna constituerat.

{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber II#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''geminosqve in limine atridas'''}} potest subaudiri ‘furentes’. {{sc|'''geminos'''}} more suo ‘fratres’. ‘gemini’ enim sunt non duo, sed simul nati.

{{ancora+|501|[[Aeneis/Liber II#500|501.]]}} {{sc|'''centvmqve nvrvs'''}} aut finitus est numerus pro infinito huperbolikos: aut certe ideo ‘centum’, quia barbarorum fuerat non singulas coniuges habere, sed plures. aut illud dicit ‘plures feminas’, ut Lucanus “cultus gestare decoros vix nuribus rapuere mares” (1.164), hoc est feminis. aut ‘navas nuptas’, ut aetatis hoc nomen sit, non adfinitatis. aut ‘centum per aras’, licet incongruum sit, quia sequitur “haec ara tuebitur omnes”, et unus per centum aras occidi non poterat. est autem haec plena adfectu et dolore repetitio.

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber II#500|502.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ipse sacraverat ignes'''}} ut “et religiosa deorum limina”: per quod ostenditur latenter, nihil prodesse religionem. {{sc|'''foedantem'''}} autem est cruentantem. Sallustius in I. “cum arae et alia diis sacrata supplicum sanguine foedarentur”. et Terentius in eunucho “pro deum fidem, facinus foedum, o infelicem adulescentem”.

{{ancora+|503|[[Aeneis/Liber II#500|503.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta illi thalami'''}} ‘illi’ celebrati ab Homero. et bene de thalamis verum expressit numerum; potest enim unus thalamus plures habere coniuges. et est zeugma ‘quinquaginta thalami procubuere, et postes superbi’.

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber II#500|504.]]}} {{sc|'''avro barbarico'''}} id est aut multo; aut cultu barbaro, quia barbari copiae magis quam elegantiae student; aut a barbaris capto; aut vere barbaro, id est Phrygio, quia pas me Hellen barbaros. nam et Homerus Phrygas barbaros appellat, et Vergilius “barbara tegmina crurum”. {{sc|'''spes tanta nepotvm'''}} aut nepotes significat qui essent futuri magnae spei, aut conubia, de quibus sperabantur tanti nepotes, ut “modo namque gemellos spem gregis”. {{sc|'''spoliisqve svperbi'''}} hoc enim fuit moris antiqui, ut ipse in septimo “captivi pendent currus curvaeque secures”.

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber II#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''teneant danai qva deficit'''}} I. ignis potuit deficere, Danai non potuerunt.

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber II#505|506.]]}} {{sc|'''forsitan et priami fverint qvae fata reqviras'''}} bene de Priamo obtulit narrationem, quia leviter strinxerat ‘Priamumque per aras sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacraverat ignes’. et bono usus est ordine, ut ante rei publicae, post regis, inde privati, hoc est sua fata narraret. hoc est illud “multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa”. de morte autem Priami varie lectum est. alii dicunt, quod a Pyrrho in domo quidem sua captus est, sed ad tumulum Achillis tractus occisusque est iuxta Sigeum promunturium: nam in Rhoeteo Aiax sepultus est: tunc eius caput conto fixum circumtulit. alii vero quod iuxta Hercei Iovis aram extinctus sit, dicunt: unde Lucanus “Herceas, monstrator ait, non respicis aras?” (9.979) et hanc opinionem plene Vergilius sequitur: licet etiam illam praelibet, ut suo indicabimus loco.

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber II#505|507.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbis vti captae casvm'''}} bene omnia collegit, et captam, et dirutam, et incensam.

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber II#505|508.]]}} {{sc|'''medivm in penetralibvs hostem'''}} hypallage est, hoc est in mediis aedibus. si autem ‘mediis’ legeris, non stat versus, nisi excluso ‘s’, ut “inter se coisse viros et decernere ferro”. et bene Priamum non nisi in extremis armat periculis, ut magis inritet hostem in necem suam, qua possit captivitatem vitare, quam ut defendat aliquid. sane ‘penetralia’ proprie deorum dicuntur, non numquam etiam imae et interiores partes privatarum domorum vocantur, unde et penum dicimus locum, ubi conduntur quae ad vitam sunt necessaria. hic autem videtur opportunius penetralia de domo regis dixisse, quoniam reges prope suggestum imitantur deorum.

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber II#505|509.]]}} {{sc|'''arma desveta'''}} ab hominis consuetudine: sensum ad arma transtulit. {{sc|'''arma desveta'''}}] id est quae iam pugnare desierant. {{sc|'''trementibvs aevo'''}} non timore.

{{ancora+|510|[[Aeneis/Liber II#510|510.]]}} {{sc|'''circvmdat'''}} non apte sibi cohaerere facit, sed potius oneri sumit. {{sc|'''invtile ferrvm'''}} ipse inutilis. ‘ferrum’ enim de his est, quae a coniunctis sumunt epitheta, ut ‘venenum’.

{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber II#510|512.]]}} {{sc|'''aedibvs in mediis'''}} omne aedificium ‘aedes’ dicuntur. Varro locum quattuor angulis conclusum aedem docet appellari debere. idem rerum divinarum libro sexto intulit, “ideo loca sacra civitates habere voluisse, ne per continua aedificia incendia prolaberentur, et ut esset, quo confugerent plerique cum familia sua in periculis”; quod etiam in comoediis a servis timentibus legimus factum. hoc totum Vergilius hoc loco subtiliter tangit, cum dicit ‘aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus, incumbens arae atque umbra conplexa penates’. ex nomine enim penatium et arae intellegitur sacri loci veneratio, ut non immerito illuc confugerit regina cum suis; nam subiunxit ‘hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, condensae et divom amplexae simulacra sedebant’: unde apparet, et veram consuetudinem fuisse fugiendi [2.a] periclitantibus ad ararum praesidium. {{sc|'''nvdoqve svb axe'''}} hoc est sub divo, quod inpluvium dicitur. ‘axis’ autem est aut plaustrum septentrionale, aut pars septentrionis, aut spiritus, quo mundus movetur, ut “axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum”: sicut docet et Lucanus.

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber II#510|513.]]}} {{sc|'''veterrima'''}} usurpatum est. ergo, ut supra diximus, hoc tantum uti si necesse sit licet. {{sc|'''veterrima'''}}] hoc nomen comparativum non habet, sicut ‘deterior’ positivum. {{sc|'''lavrvs'''}} Daphne, filia Ladonis, fluvii Arcadiae, et Terrae fuit, quae aspernata viro iungi semper venatibus operam dabat. hanc cum Apollo adamasset, et eam ut conprimeret, insequeretur, illa a Terra matre petit auxilium: quae recepta a matre est, nec multo post †in locum eius arborem lauri nasci.

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber II#510|514.]]}} {{sc|'''conplexa penates'''}} ‘penates’ sunt omnes dii, qui domi coluntur.

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber II#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''neqviqvam'''}} aut secundum Epicureos, qui dicunt deos nihil curare; aut propter vim bellicam. {{sc|'''altaria'''}} superorum et ‘arae’ sunt et ‘altaria’, inferorum tantum ‘arae’; ‘ara’ autem dicitur a precibus, quas Graeci aras dicunt; unde contra inprecatio katara dicitur.

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber II#515|516.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipites'''}} festinae, propter tempestatem: et bene ‘atra’ addidit, quia est et clara, ut “unde haec tam clara repente tempestas”.

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber II#515|519.]]}} {{sc|'''dira'''}} modo proprie: ‘dira’ enim est deorum ira. ergo ‘quae mens infusa ex deorum ira?'

{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber II#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''telis'''}} armis. {{sc|'''rvis'''}} aut festinas, aut incedis seniliter.

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber II#520|522.]]}} {{sc|'''non si ipse mevs'''}} mire ‘meus’, ut matris exprimeretur adfectio. et subaudis ‘posset defendere’.

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber II#520|524.]]}} {{sc|'''avt moriere simvl'''}} ut religio aut pariter omnes servet, aut simul moriantur omnes. {{sc|'''ore effata'''}} abundat ‘ore’. est autem figura pleonasmos.

{{ancora+|528|[[Aeneis/Liber II#525|528.]]}} {{sc|'''vacva'''}} ‘vacua’ magna, quae difficile conplentur. an ‘vacua’, quia in unum ad aram confugerant? an ‘vacua’ iam sine defensoribus?

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber II#525|529.]]}} {{sc|'''infesto vvlnere'''}} bonum schema: ‘vulnus’ pro telo. {{sc|'''infesto vvlnere'''}}] an ‘vulnus’ quod inflixit, an quod infligeret?

{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber II#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''premit'''}} urget, ut “apri cursum clamore prementem”: alibi ‘premit’ interficit, vel opprimit, ut “armigerumque Remi premit”.

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber II#530|531.]]}} {{sc|'''vt tandem ante ocvlos'''}} hoc ideo describitur, ut et contra propositum Priamus incitetur. {{sc|'''evasit'''}} pervenit: ut “quam timeo, quorsum evadat”.

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber II#530|532.]]}} {{sc|'''vitam cvm sangvine fvdit'''}} modo eos sequitur qui sanguinem sedem vitae volunt, alibi eos qui ipsum sanguinem vitam volunt: ut “purpuream vomit ille animam”. potest [2.tamen] kata to siopomenon intellegi iterum vulneratum Politen.

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber II#530|533.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est ‘tunc’. {{sc|'''media'''}} autem manifesta. aut certe [2.potest] secundum consuetudinem dictum; neque enim est mors prima, media, postrema. et potest referri vel ad Priamum, vel ad Politen.

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber II#530|534.]]}} {{sc|'''non tamen abstinvit'''}} N. V. I. Q. P. bene Priamo animositatem regiam dedit, ut mori honeste velit.

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber II#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''at tibi pro scelere exclamat'''}} ordo est ‘atque dii persolvant grates dignas’. {{sc|'''avsis'''}} quidam praesumptum tradunt, nec posse in prosa dici.

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber II#535|536.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva est'''}} vel secundum Epicureos, vel desperat, quia inpune ante aras conspicit caedes. {{sc|'''cvret'''}} ulciscatur.

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber II#535|537.]]}} {{sc|'''grates'''}} prout res fuerit, vel in bonis vel in malis dicuntur, sicut praemia.

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber II#535|538.]]}} {{sc|'''coram'''}} modo adverbium [2.temporis] est, quia verbo cohaeret: ut “coram quem quaeritis adsum”. et ‘coram’ ad personam certam refertur, ‘palam’ ad omnes. {{sc|'''me cernere'''}} de spectaculo queritur, non de morte, quia iure belli Politen Pyrrhus occiderat. sed cur ante oculos patris?.

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber II#535|539.]]}} {{sc|'''foedasti'''}} crudeles impiosque fecisti. {{sc|'''fvnere'''}} cadavere: ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur. ‘funus’ enim est iam ardens cadaver: quod dum portatur, ‘exequias’ dicimus: crematum iam ‘reliquias’: conditum iam ‘sepulcrum’. quidam ‘funere’ pro caede accipiunt. {{sc|'''vvltvs'''}} non nulli pro ‘oculos’ volunt.

{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber II#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''et non ille'''}} S. Q. T. M. A. tribus generibus parentes obicimus filiis: cum bonis eos negamus aequales, ut hoc loco; cum malos obicimus, ut “Laomedontiadae”; item cum non solum bonos adimimus, sed insuper malos obicimus, ut “nec tibi diva parens, generis nec Dardanus auctor, perfide, sed duris genuit te cautibus h. c. H. a. u. t”.

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber II#540|541.]]}} {{sc|'''in hoste priamo'''}} aut archaismos est, aut ‘in hoste’, id est cum hostem gereret, cum ipse hostis esset. hic ‘Priamo’ nomen positum sensum validiorem facit, hoc est Priamo, qui tunc fui, quasi iam esse desierit: scilicet quem operae pretium fuit occidere. {{sc|'''ivra fidemqve svpplicis ervbvit'''}} quia, quod Homerus mutat, dicitur Priamus duce Mercurio ingressus Achillis tentoria excitatum rogasse, quem dormientem posset occidere. ‘iura’ vero, quod a rege rogabatur. fidem, quia supplex. quidam ‘iura fidemque’ ita intellegunt: ‘iura’, quod Hectorem reddidit, ‘fidem’, quod me in mea regna remisit.

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber II#540|542.]]}} {{sc|'''sepvlcro'''}} pro ‘ad sepulcrum’.

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber II#540|543.]]}} {{sc|'''remisit'''}} comitatus usque ad Troiam est. et mire ‘in mea regna remisit’, cum potuisset per me regna mea capere.

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber II#540|544.]]}} {{sc|'''inbelle'''}} ipse inbellis, ut “inutile ferrum”.

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber II#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''ravco aere'''}} ad scutum rettulit. {{sc|'''protinvs aere repvlsvm'''}} statim prohibitum.

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber II#545|546.]]}} {{sc|'''neqviqvam'''}} ‘non’. sic Persius “nequiquam fundo suspiret nummus in imo”. sane quidam ‘nequiquam umbone pependit’ hunc sensum volunt, telum repulsum ne summatim quidem haerere potuit, ut penderet. alii unam eandemque rem bis dictam volunt, et superfluum putant ‘et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit’, cum praecessisset ‘rauco quod protinus aere repulsum’, quod idem est ‘et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit’, et nihil attinuisse dici putant ‘summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit’, tamquam non omnino necesse esset, ut de summo clipei penderet, et potuisse dici, nec de clipeo pependit. sed duplicationem narrationis per epexergasian excusant.

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber II#545|547.]]}} {{sc|'''referes ergo haec'''}} sarcasmos est, iocus cum amaritudine, ut “en agros et quam bello, Troiane, petisti Hesperiam metire iacens”. astismos autem est urbanitas sine iracundia, ut “atque idem iungat vulpes et mulgeat hircos”.

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber II#545|549.]]}} {{sc|'''degenerem'''}} non respondentem moribus patris.

{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber II#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc dicens'''}} ostendit, simul dum diceret fecisse. {{sc|'''altaria ad ipsa'''}} unde sperabat auxilium. aut quia Achilles in templo occisus est, ut ex similitudine vindicta sumeretur. {{sc|'''trementem'''}} non formidine sed aetate.

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber II#550|552.]]}} {{sc|'''dextraqve corvscvm extvlit'''}} ‘coruscum’ si ornatum gemmis caput regis acceperis, sensus talis est: sublato capite gladium in vaginam recondit, quae lateri semper cohaeret. si vero ‘coruscum gladium’ vis intellegere, lateri Priami infixum accipe, et kata to siopomenon, postea caput esse sublatum.

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber II#550|554.]]}} {{sc|'''haec finis'''}} ut ‘dies’, si tempus longum significat, generis feminini est. et omnia Latina nomina inanima, simplicia, a verbo non venientia, ‘nis’ syllaba terminata masculina sunt: inanima propter ‘canis’: simplicia propter ‘bipennis’: a verbo non venientia propter ‘finis’. ergo ‘clunis’ Iuvenalis bene dixit “tremulo descendant clune puellae”. Horatius male “quod pulchrae clunes”. {{sc|'''hic'''}} talis: ut “hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio?” {{sc|'''sorte'''}} fatali necessitate. vel ‘sorte’ fortuna, ut “utere sorte tua”. et quidam ‘exitus sorte’ pro ‘sortis’ tradunt, ablativum pro genetivo.

{{ancora+|555|[[Aeneis/Liber II#555|555.]]}} {{sc|'''troiam incensam'''}} pro ‘Ilium’.

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber II#555|556.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama'''}} proprie Troianae arces sunt: unde kat’ exokhen arces omnes ‘pergama’ dicuntur, ut poetam dicimus, et intellegimus Vergilium. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} modo nobilem.

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber II#555|557.]]}} {{sc|'''regnatorem asiae'''}} quia imperaverat et Phrygiae et Mygdoniae. {{sc|'''iacet ingens litore trvncvs'''}} Pompei tangit historiam, cum ‘ingens’ dicit, non ‘magnus’. quod autem dicit ‘litore’, illud, ut supra diximus, respicit, quod in Pacuvii tragoedia continetur. quod autem Donatus dicit, ‘litus’ locum esse ante aras, a litando dictum; vel quod lituo illud spatium designatur, ratione caret: nam a litando ‘li’ brevis est, et stare non potest versus. {{sc|'''litore'''}}] quod Priami corpus ad litus tractum. aut ‘litus’ pro solo accipiamus, ut “litoraque et latos populos”. aut ideo ‘litore’, ut ostendat litus iam esse, ubi fuerat Troia, ut “et campos ubi Troia fuit”.

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber II#555|558.]]}} {{sc|'''avvlsvmqve vmeris capvt'''}} hoc est quod kata to siopomenon accipi debet; hoc enim claris et fortibus viris fieri solebat, ut “quin ipsa arrectis, visu mirabile, in hastis praefigunt capita”. {{sc|'''sine nomine'''}} sine agnitione, aut sine dignitate. aut simpliciter ‘sine nomine’; a capite enim quis nomen ducit?.

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber II#555|559.]]}} {{sc|'''at me'''}} me autem. {{sc|'''saevvs horror'''}} quia est et bonus: ut “laetusque per artus horror iit”. est et amoris, ut Terentius “totus Parmeno, tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc”.

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber II#560|561.]]}} {{sc|'''aeqvaevvm'''}} amabiliter locutus est; plus enim est ‘aequaevum’, quam ‘longaevum’.

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber II#560|562.]]}} {{sc|'''vitam exhalantem'''}} secundum eos, qui animam ventum volunt: ut “atque in ventos vita recessit”. {{sc|'''direpta'''}} diripienda: participium pro participio.

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber II#560|563.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} aut interitus, aut captivitas.

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber II#560|564.]]}} {{sc|'''copia'''}} notandum de exercitu numero eum dixisse singulari, ut Sallustius †&quot;com Sertorios neque rumperet an levi copiam avibus&quot;, cum copias de exercitu numero plurali dicamus. ‘copia’ vero aliarum rerum est.

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber II#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''deservere omnes defessi'''}} doloris vox, non accusationis; sic enim se purgat, ut alios non culpet. dicendo autem ‘defessi’ etiam illos excusat, a quibus desertus est.

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber II#565|566.]]}} {{sc|'''ignibvs aegra dedere'''}} post hunc versum hi versus fuerunt, qui a Tucca et Vario obliti sunt.

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber II#585|589.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm mihi se'''}} ordo est, cum mihi se videndam oculis obtulit non ante tam clara.

{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber II#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''in lvce'''}} in nimbo, qui cum numinibus semper est.

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber II#590|591.]]}} {{sc|'''confessa deam'''}} divino habitu; quia in primo venatricis habitu se obtulerat. {{sc|'''qvalisqve et qvanta'''}} qualitas et quantitas hoc loco ad pulchritudinem pertinet.

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber II#590|592.]]}} {{sc|'''dextraqve prehensvm'''}} ea corporis parte qua Helenae ictum minabatur, quae in templo Vestae stabat ornata. ut enim in primo diximus, aliquos hinc versus constat esse sublatos, nec inmerito. nam et turpe est viro forti contra feminam irasci, et contrarium est Helenam in domo Priami fuisse illi rei, quae in sexto dicitur, quia in domo est inventa Deiphobi, postquam ex summa arce vocaverat Graecos. hinc autem versus esse sublatos, Veneris verba declarant dicentis ‘non tibi Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae’.

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber II#590|593.]]}} {{sc|'''roseo'''}} pulchro. perpetuum epitheton Veneris. quidam reprehendunt, non convenisse in ruina et exitio civitatis Venerem roseo ore loqui cum filio, ignorantes hoc epitheton Veneri esse perpetuum. {{sc|'''insvper'''}} super, quod continuerat eum.

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber II#590|594.]]}} {{sc|'''indomitas'''}} magnas nunc. et ‘quis’ non nulli admirantis volunt esse, non interrogantis.

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber II#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid fvris'''}} aut quia furor est virum fortem ruere in mulieris interitum: aut ‘quid furis’, cum extinctos socios videas, velle pugnare. et bono verbo usus est, virum fortem a proelio revocans. {{sc|'''nostri cvra'''}} et hoc loco, ut solet, unam se de Aeneae familia facit: ut “unius ob iram prodimur”. ‘nostri’ autem et ‘vestri’ genetivus pluralis est antiquus et ex Graeco veniens, sicut singularis est ‘mis’ et ‘tis’. non est autem possessivum, sed ab eo quod est ‘nos’, et hoc est unde dicimus ‘nostri causa facit’, hoc est ‘nostrum’.

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber II#595|597.]]}} {{sc|'''svperet'''}} supervivat, supersit.

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber II#595|598.]]}} {{sc|'''ascanivsqve pver'''}} filius, ut “tuque puerque tuus”. Horatius “puerosque Ledae”. et est Graecum, nam paidas dicunt. interdum tamen etiam ad aetatem refertur.

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber II#595|599.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm errant'''}} mire, quasi quaerentes: tamquam prope sint, et adhuc sua opera †sua non avertant.

{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber II#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''havserit ensis'''}} aut percusserit, ut “latus haurit apertum;” aut voraverit.

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber II#600|601.]]}} {{sc|'''tyndaridis'''}} atqui Iovis est, non Tyndarei filia; sed sic dicimus ‘Tyndaridis’ de Helena, ut de Hercule Amphitryoniades. nam de Iove et Leda nati sunt Pollux et Helena, de Tyndareo et Leda Castor, qui solus mortalis fuit: unde Vergilius “si fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit”, qui inmortalitatem suam cum fratre partitus est. Helenam vero inmortalem fuisse indicat tempus. nam constat fratres eius cum Argonautis fuisse: Argonautarum filii cum Thebanis bello dimicaverunt. item illorum filii contra Troiam bella gesserunt. ergo si inmortalis Helena non fuisset, tot sine dubio saeculis durare non posset. hanc autem legimus prius a Theseo raptam et in Aegypto commendatam Proteo. licet alia fabula a Paride raptam et, cum ad Aegyptum cum ea isset, a Proteo, cognito raptu, subtractam Paridi dicat. {{sc|'''facies invisa'''}} pulchritudo Helenae odiosa, id est Helena. et est Graecum, ut ‘vis Herculea’, hoc est Hercules. ostendit autem naturae culpam non esse hominibus adscribendam. sane quidam ‘invisa’ figurata dictum putant; adserunt enim ad Troiam Helenam non venisse, id est non visam a Troianis, quia cum eam Paris rapuit, ad Aegyptum profectus dicitur, mutato itineris cursu, ne a Graecis forte insequentibus comprehenderetur. ibi a Proteo receptus hospitio. sed cum Helena Proteo suam narrasset iniuriam, ab eo retenta est. tum sine ea Paris venit ad Troiam. Graeci autem putantes quod occultaretur a Troianis et nollent sibi eam reddere, deleverunt Troiam frustra, cum Troiani vere dicerent se Helenam non vidisse. alii dicunt a Proteo quidem Helenam Paridi sublatam et quibusdam disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae Paridi datum, quam imaginem ille ad Troiam dicitur pertulisse: quod etiam Homerum volunt tetigisse subtiliter, ubi Aeneas a Neptuno opposita nube liberatur. amphi d’ ar’ eidolo Troes kai dioi Akhaioi. {{sc|'''lacaenae'''}} a provincia Laconica. et notandum, derivationem minorem esse a principalitate, quod rarum est.

{{ancora+|602|[[Aeneis/Liber II#600|602.]]}} {{sc|'''cvlpatvsve paris'''}} criminosus, reus. {{sc|'''divvm inclementia'''}} latenter hic Venus suam purgat invidiam dicendo, Troiam deorum conspiratione subverti; poterat enim ei obici, quod nisi ipsa rapiendi Helenam Paridi auctor fuisset, Troia non fuisset eversa.

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber II#600|604.]]}} {{sc|'''aspice'''}} de Homero tractum, qui inducit Minervam praestantem ista Diomedi. et bene subdistinguit, quia non solum dicitur, sed etiam manu significatur. {{sc|'''namqve omnem'''}} ordo est: omnem tibi nubem eripiam, quae umida circum caligat et mortales hebetat visus tuenti. dicitur enim nebula orta de terris obesse nostris obtutibus: unde aquila, quia supra nebulam est, plus videt. est etiam theologica ratio, quia ignorantes usum Venerium videre dicuntur et numina: unde nunc merito post Veneris abscessum numina vidisse dicitur Aeneas. {{sc|'''obdvcta'''}} superducta. {{sc|'''tventi'''}} modo ‘videnti’, alias ‘defendenti’.

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber II#605|606.]]}} {{sc|'''neqva parentis ivssa time'''}} pro ‘ne’. et ‘ne’ particula imperativo iungitur modo: sed interdum praesenti tempori, interdum futuro, prout aliquid volumus aut ad praesens, aut ad futurum fieri. {{sc|'''tv neqva'''}} P. I. T.] potest sane hoc praeceptum et ad generalitatem et ad specialitatem referri. {{sc|'''ivssa time'''}} veretur enim ne imperanti sibi fugam non obtemperet.

{{ancora+|608|[[Aeneis/Liber II#605|608.]]}} {{sc|'''saxis saxa'''}} dicendo ‘saxis saxa’ renovavit narrandi magnitudinem.

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber II#605|609.]]}} {{sc|'''vndantem'''}} aut ‘abundantem’, aut quia in modum undarum attollitur, ut “qua plurimus undam fumus agit”.

{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber II#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''neptvnvs mvros'''}} hoc quidem habet fabula, quod Neptunus cum Apolline Troiae fabricati sunt muros. sed constat Laomedontem supradictis diis certam vovisse pecuniam ad sacra facienda: quam inminentibus Mysiis transtulit ad murorum fabricam. unde dii et fecisse muros, et offensi esse dicuntur. simul notandum quod deos facit opera sua evertere: ut portas Iunonem, quarum dea est; nam portam luminis nascentibus praebet, ut “Iuno lucina fer opem”: arces Minervam; legimus enim “Pallas quas condidit arces”: Neptunum muros; ipsi enim fundamenta sunt consecrata, cuius et moventur arbitrio: unde enosikhthon dicitur, hoc est terram movens aquae concussione, sicut terrae motus continent opiniones. {{sc|'''neptvnvs'''}} M. E. T. Q.] [2.ergo] cum Neptunus infestus indicatur, Apollo tamen etiam post piaculum Troianis favet, quia eum propter Chrysis sacerdotis filiam offenderant Graeci. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} omnia in ‘ns’. exeuntia aut participia sunt, aut nomina. sed si participia sunt, ablativum et in ‘i’ et in ‘e’ mittunt pro nostro arbitrio: Iuvenalis “nec ardenti decoxit aeno”, contra “semperque ardente camino”: si vero nomina fuerint, omni modo in ‘e’ exeunt. si autem eadem sint et nomina et participia, ut ‘amans’, cum nomina fuerint, omni modo in ‘e’ mittunt; cum participia, licenter utimur. ergo quia ‘tridens’ nomen est, ‘tridente’ debuit dicere: sed novitatem adfectavit, nulla cogente necessitate. sane in nominibus, quae et propria esse possunt et appellativa, ut ‘liberalis’ ‘felix’ ‘iuvenalis’, ablativus a proprio in ‘e’ exit, ab appellativo in ‘i’.

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber II#610|611.]]}} {{sc|'''qvatit'''}} concutit, conmovet.

{{ancora+|612|[[Aeneis/Liber II#610|612.]]}} {{sc|'''ivno scaeas saevissima portas'''}} quidam ideo Iunonem has portas tenuisse accipiunt, quia eam fatorum arbitrium volunt, et fatum fuit ad exitium Troiae per has portas equum introduci. {{sc|'''scaeas'''}} priscas. {{sc|'''saevissima'''}} quae et fugam vetabat.

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber II#610|613.]]}} {{sc|'''socivm'''}} sibi devotum. {{sc|'''fvrens'''}} irascens.

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber II#610|614.]]}} {{sc|'''accincta'''}} id est armata, quia ipsa est Curitis, et sub hoc nomine interest bellis; nam ideo “hic illius arma hic currus fuit”. ‘accincta’ enim ‘ferro armata’, ut “cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus”.

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber II#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''iam'''}} praeterea, ut “iam quae seminibus iactis se sustulit arbos”. {{sc|'''arces'''}} ordinem tenuit: primum ‘muros’, deinde ‘portas’, post ‘arces’; a muris enim in arcem convertendus est totus impetus; ob hoc autem ‘arces’ Minervae dantur, quod ipsa sit inventrix aedificiorum, ut “Pallas quas condidit arces”, et quia summa quaeque possidet sapientia. praeterea in capite esse dicitur; idcirco creditur patris Iovis capite generata. {{sc|'''tritonia pallas'''}} notandum duo antonomasiva sunt sine proprio nomine. et est nimiae iracundiae cum dicitur, quamquam irata sit Graecis, nequaquam tamen Troianis parcere; licet in historia lectum sit, vehementius iratam Minervam, quod post victoriam ei sacrificare noluerint, ut Horatius “cum Pallas usto vertit iram ab Ilio in inpiam Aiacis ratem”. {{sc|'''respice'''}} dicendo ‘respice’ ostendit, vere iam caliginem ab oculis eius esse sublatam.

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber II#615|616.]]}} {{sc|'''insedit'''}} adeo irata, ut ante sacerdotem ibi Cassandram defenderet. {{sc|'''nimbo effvlgens'''}} nube divina. est [2.enim] fulgidum lumen, quo deorum capita cinguntur. sic etiam pingi solet. alii ‘nimbum’ clavum transversum in veste existimant. alii ‘limbo’ legunt, ut “Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo”. et est pars vestis extrema, quae instita dicitur, ut Horatius “quarum subsuta talos tegit instita veste”. {{sc|'''gorgone saeva'''}} aut etiam per saevam Gorgonem fulgens; aut ipsa saeva terrore Gorgonis. sane Gorgones tres fuisse dicuntur, Stheno, Euryale, Medusa, quarum aspectus intuentes vertebat in lapides. hae autem mirae pulchritudinis fuisse dicuntur, et quisquis eas vidisset stupore defigebatur. ideo fictum est, quod in lapides mutarentur. sed alia fabula refert, Medusam mirae parsimoniae virginem fuisse, et ob hoc acceptam Minervae. quae compressa a Neptuno Pegasum equum dicitur edidisse: quod posteaquam Minerva cognovit, eius caput dicitur amputasse et suo adfixisse pectori, eique tribuisse vim, ut quidquid vidisset mutaret in saxum.

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber II#615|617.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse pater'''}} qui omnibus unus esse consuevit: ut “rex Iuppiter omnibus idem”. et bene honesta Aeneae causa fugiendi est. {{sc|'''viresqve secvndas'''}} quia fuerunt et in Troianis, sed non prosperae.

{{ancora+|618|[[Aeneis/Liber II#615|618.]]}} {{sc|'''svfficit'''}} subministrat, suggerit.

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber II#615|619.]]}} {{sc|'''eripe'''}} accelera, raptim fac. vel ‘eripe te fuga’.

{{ancora+|620|[[Aeneis/Liber II#620|620.]]}} {{sc|'''nvsqvam abero'''}} bona oeconomia. nam si tenent Danai qua deficit ignis, necessarium est praesidium numinis: ut Horatius “nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus inciderit”. {{sc|'''limine sistam'''}} in limine, ut “silvis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti”.

{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber II#620|621.]]}} {{sc|'''spissis noctis se condidit vmbris'''}} densis. abscessu enim plerumque numina demonstrantur fuisse, cum subito apparere desierint.

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber II#620|622.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent dirae facies'''}} secundum mathesin post abscessum Veneris dira dicit apparuisse numina, cuius praesentis radii intervenientes anaereticos temperant. {{sc|'''apparent dirae facies'''}}] [2.vel] quia ‘dirae’ appellantur quae sunt in ministerio Iovis, quando morbos aut letum aut bellum hominibus molitur, quia in XII. ait “dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae”.

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber II#620|623.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmina magna'''}} quia Iovem Iunonem Neptunum et Minervam dixerat.

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber II#620|624.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero'''}} quia ante et ab Hectore audierat, et per se viderat everti Troiam, sed non omnem; singulas enim res viderat, ut “iam proximus Ucalegon”. vel ‘tum vero’, quando et dii visi sunt saevientes.

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber II#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''et ex imo verti'''}} quia superiori excidio, quando ab Hercule expugnata est, nec omne Ilium conciderat, nec ex imo fuerat Troia subversa. per haec ergo fit certior causa fugiendi.

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber II#625|626.]]}} {{sc|'''ornvm'''}} †p... Oceani filia, a Sarpedone, Ilii filio, adamata est. quem cum [2.veni] sprevisset, faciente Venere, Iasonem tunc ad Colchos euntem inefficaciter adamavit. quo absente †ad luchi conficeretur, in hanc arborem dicitur commutata.

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber II#625|627.]]}} {{sc|'''ferro et bipennibvs'''}}] hen dia duoin. {{sc|'''ferro et bipennibvs'''}} tautologia est.

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber II#625|628.]]}} {{sc|'''ervere'''}} pro deicere et est acyrologia. {{sc|'''vsqve'''}} tam diu. {{sc|'''minatvr'''}} aut ‘eminet’, ut “minaeque murorum”: aut ‘movetur’.

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber II#625|629.]]}} {{sc|'''tremefacta comam'''}} solita figura. ‘comam’ autem pro ramis, per illam metaphoram “tondentur cytisi”.

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber II#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlneribvs'''}} pro ictibus. {{sc|'''ivgis'''}} cacuminibus montium. {{sc|'''rvinam'''}} aliarum scilicet arborum.

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber II#630|632.]]}} {{sc|'''ac dvcente deo'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt, utriusque sexus participationem habere numina. nam ait Calvus “pollentemque deum Venerem”. item Vergilius “nec dextrae erranti deus afuit”, cum aut Iuno fuerit, aut Allecto. est etiam in Cypro simulacrum barbatae Veneris, corpore et veste muliebri, cum sceptro et natura virili, quod ‘Aphroditon vocant, cui viri in veste muliebri, mulieres in virili veste sacrificant. {{sc|'''dvcente deo'''}}] [2.quamquam] veteres ‘deum’ pro magno numine dicebant. Sallustius “ut tanta mutatio non sine deo videretur”.

{{ancora+|633|[[Aeneis/Liber II#630|633.]]}} {{sc|'''dant tela locvm'''}} F. R. illi reddidit ‘flammam inter et hostes expedior’. hic est hiatus.

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber II#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqvasqve domos'''}} ‘caras’. et aliud pendet ex alio; nihil enim interest, utrum carum dicas, an caritatis causam. sane ‘domos’ ambitiose dixit.

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber II#635|636.]]}} {{sc|'''primvm'''}} praecipuum. vel ‘primum’ ante filium et uxorem. sed Varro rerum humanarum ait permissum a Graecis Aeneae, ut evaderet et quod carum putaret auferret; illum patrem liberasse, cum illi quibus similis optio esset data, aurum et argentum abstulissent. sed Aeneae propter admirationem iterum a Graecis concessum, ut quod vellet auferret; illum, ut simile, quod laudatum fuerat, faceret, deos penates abstulisse. tunc ei a Graecis concessum, ut et quos vellet secum et sua omnia liberaret: quod poeta Veneris praesidio praestitum dicit Aeneae. {{sc|'''petebam'''}} pro appetebam et optabam.

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber II#635|637.]]}} {{sc|'''vitam prodvcere'''}} figurate, pro ‘vitam producturum’.

{{ancora+|638|[[Aeneis/Liber II#635|638.]]}} {{sc|'''exilivm'''}} dictum quasi extra solum. {{sc|'''vos o'''}} obliqua oratio est. nam aperte quidem hoc agit, ut relinquatur, latenter vero aliud: [2.id est voluntatem fugiendi] per quod nimia Aeneae ostenditur pietas, qui nec iustis causis movetur, ut patrem relinquat. sane rhetorica suasio est; deliberatur enim de ipsa re, utrum fugiendum sit. et eius partes ita ponuntur, ut †si qui dissuadent, an supervivendum patriae. quod ideo aperte non dixit, ne ceteros a fuga dehortari videretur, sed ait ‘vos fugite, qui potestis’: a tempore ‘satis una superque’, ab invitis diis ‘iam pridem invisus diis et inutilis annos demoror’. sic quidem et illud colligitur, an debilis patriae superare debeat.

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber II#635|639.]]}} {{sc|'''integer aevi sangvis'''}} plenam aetatem significat ex sanguine, qui non est integer nisi in iuvenibus. nam dicunt physici minui sanguinem per aetatem: unde et in senibus tremor est. sane ‘aevum’ hic ad annos referre debemus, cum alibi tempus significet, ut “aevoque sequenti”. et “tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas”. {{sc|'''svo robore'''}} sine alterius auxilio, quo eget Anchises. et duas res dicit: et iuvenes estis, et sani, quorum utrumque mihi deest. {{sc|'''stant'''}} perstant solidaeque sunt.

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber II#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''agitate'''}} disponite, cogitate. Sallustius “traditur fugam in oceani longinqua agitavisse”.

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber II#640|641.]]}} {{sc|'''caelicolae'''}} ad quos nostra pertinet vita, ut “haud credo invisus caelestibus auras vitales carpis” et “nos iuvenem exanimum et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem” et “igneus est illis vigor et caelestis origo”. anima enim caeli pars est, corpus nostrum, umbra inferorum. ideo ergo non posuit generale nomen deorum, et addidit caelestibus, ne crederentur inferni dii, qui datores vitae non sunt.

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber II#640|642.]]}} {{sc|'''satis svperqve'''}} ad augmentum ‘superque’ addidit. est autem tmesis. sane sciendum est esse aliqua, quae augmentum non recipiunt, ne minus significent, ut [2.'satis’,] ‘perfectus’: nam quaeritur, utrum ‘perfectior’ possit facere, ne incipiat [2.'satis'] ‘perfectus’ minus significare.

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber II#640|643.]]}} {{sc|'''vna excidia'''}} sub Laomedonte ab Hercule. sed emphatikos dixit ‘excidia’. {{sc|'''svperavimvs'''}} superviximus.

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber II#640|643.]]}} [2.644;645] {{sc|'''sic o sic positvm adfati discedite corpvs'''}} sensus talis est: praestate mihi vos funebre solatium, id est adfamini me, ut dici mortuis solet ‘vale, vale, vale’: nam ideo et ‘positum’ et ‘corpus’ dixit: mortem autem ego manu hostis inveniam; nam hic ordo est. ‘miserebitur’ vero dixit adfectu eius qui cupiebat interimi, ut eum hostis quasi miseratus occideret. sic in nono mater Euryali “aut tu, summe pater divum, miserere, tuoque invisum hoc detrude caput sub Tartara telo, quando aliter nequeo crudelem abrumpere vitam”. et “vos o potius miserescite venti”. alii sic exponunt: [2.et] ‘miserebitur’ id est quod illi hostili animo fecerint ego misericordiae loco ducam.

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber II#645|646.]]}} {{sc|'''exvviasqve petet'''}} quasi obiectio ‘sed spoliatum linquet cadaver’, et responsio ‘facilis iactura sepulcri’: aut secundum Epicureos, qui dicunt nihil superesse post mortem; aut hoc dicit, facilis sepulturae iactura est, quam potest ruina praestare. {{sc|'''facilis'''}} contemptibilis et levis sapienti viro, ut sit ‘iactura’ dispendium.

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber II#645|647.]]}} {{sc|'''invtilis'''}} ideo, quia debilis fuisse dicitur post fulmen. {{sc|'''annos demoror'''}} quasi festinantes diu vivendo detineo.

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber II#645|649.]]}} {{sc|'''fvlminis adflavit ventis et contigit igni'''}} tria sunt fulminum genera: est quod adflat, quod incendit, quod findit: de hoc autem siluit. fulminatus autem est Anchises, quia se cum Venere concubuisse iactabat. sane afflati tactique dicuntur capti membris, ut “tactus etiam ille, qui hanc urbem condidit, Romulus”. {{sc|'''afflavit ventis'''}} bene dixit, quia scit, non iaci fulmina, nisi cum flatu ventorum, ut in {{sc|'''viii'''}} “tris imbris torti radios, tris nubis aquosae addiderant”. sane de fulminibus hoc scriptum in reconditis invenitur “quod si quem principem civitatis vel regem fulmen afflaverit, et supervixerit, posteros eius nobiles futuros et aeternae gloriae”. Fabula sane talis est: cum inter aequales epularetur Anchises, gloriatus traditur de concubitu Veneris. quod cum Iovi Venus questa esset, emeruit, ut in Anchisem fulmina mitterentur; sed Venus cum eum fulmine posse vidisset interimi, miserata iuvenem in aliam partem fulmen detorsit, Anchises tamen afflatus igne caelesti semper debilis vixit.

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber II#650|651.]]}} {{sc|'''nos contra'''}} praepositiones vel adverbia in ‘a’ exeuntia modo producunt ultimam litteram, excepto ‘puta’ et ‘ita’, apud Ennium et Pacuvium brevia sunt. hinc est quod etiam numerorum nomina indeclinabilia producuntur, ut “triginta magnos”. ea vero quae declinantur brevia sunt secundum rationem nominum in ‘a’ exeuntium. {{sc|'''effvsi lacrimis'''}} pro effusi in lacrimas.

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber II#650|652.]]}} {{sc|'''omnisqve domvs'''}} modo familiam, alias domicilium, interdum re vera domum.

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber II#650|653.]]}} {{sc|'''fatoqve vrgenti incvmbere'''}} simile est ut ‘currentem incitare’, ‘praecipitantem impellere’.

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber II#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''rvrsvs in arma feror'''}} quasi quodam doloris impetu, quod pater liberari non acquiesceret. {{sc|'''mortem opto'''}} contra fatorum vim et matris auxilium.

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber II#655|656.]]}} {{sc|'''nam qvod consilivm'''}} quasi vetuerit regina audito ‘mortemque miserrimus opto’, sic respondet Aeneas ‘nam quod consilium aut quae iam fortuna dabatur'?

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber II#655|657.]]}} {{sc|'''mene'''}} probatae pietatis filium. nam pronomina habent vim suam, nonnumquam et emphasin, ut “cantando tu illum?” sane ‘mene efferre pedem genitor’ et cetera rhetorice per deliberationem tractatur, an Aeneae relicto patre fugiendum sit. {{sc|'''posse'''}} plus est quam velle.

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber II#655|658.]]}} {{sc|'''nefas'''}} scelus. {{sc|'''excidit'''}} bene excusat patrem dicendo ‘excidit’, et ipsam temperat obiurgationem.

{{ancora+|660|[[Aeneis/Liber II#660|660.]]}} {{sc|'''peritvrae'''}} bene ‘periturae’ dixit, non ‘perditae’, quia adhuc posse videatur evadere per suam et Anchisae fugam; ideo autem ‘addere’, tamquam magnam portionem exitio Troiae genus Anchisae coniungeret.

{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber II#660|661.]]}} {{sc|'''ivvat'''}} delectat, quasi malum illi voluptati sit. {{sc|'''patet isti'''}} apocope est pro ‘istic’. pronomen enim esse non potest, quia non praecedit nomen.

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber II#660|662.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlto priami de sangvine'''}} quasi bis sanguinem fuderit Priamus, quia et filium eius Pyrrhus occiderit.

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber II#660|663.]]}} {{sc|'''natvm ante ora patris'''}} his rebus terret eum, qui non potest mortem timere. {{sc|'''obtrvncat'''}} obtruncare consuevit.

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber II#660|664.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} ideo. {{sc|'''qvod'''}} propter quod.

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber II#665|668.]]}} ARMA, VIRI, {{sc|'''ferte arma'''}} notant hoc critici, quia saepius armari aliquos dicit, cum exarmatos nusquam ostendat: qui nesciunt, non omnia a poeta, ut supra diximus, dici debere. nam et diem describit, nocte non praemissa. superfluo enim dicuntur ea quae necesse est fieri. quis enim domum ingressus, non arma deponat? vel quia ad auferendum patrem arma deposuerat; vel quia armis Graecorum fuerat armatus. {{sc|'''vocat lvx vltima victos'''}} id est victis moriendum est.

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber II#665|669.]]}} {{sc|'''reddite me danais'''}} vel quibus me sustulit mater; vel tamquam quaerentibus et invenire cupientibus. et bene ‘reddite’, quasi retineatur; nam ideo ait ‘sinite’. {{sc|'''instavrata'''}} renovata; quod verbum et de feriis et de scaenis solebat apud veteres usurpari.

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber II#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmqvam'''}} pro non, ut “numquam hodie effugies”.

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber II#670|672.]]}} {{sc|'''insertabam'''}} cunctationem ostendit hoc verbo eius, qui nec ire ad proelium velit, nec domum relinquere. sic et ‘ferebam’ dixit.

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber II#670|674.]]}} {{sc|'''patri'''}} melius ‘patri’, quam ‘mihi’. {{sc|'''tendebat'''}} offerebat, sed manibus eum gestans.

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber II#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''si peritvrvs abis'''}} argumentum dilemma, id est conplexio, quae adversarium ab utraque parte concludit.

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber II#675|676.]]}} {{sc|'''expertvs'''}} quidam participium praeteriti temporis [2.sed] vim praesentis habere volunt, quia praesens deficit.

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber II#675|677.]]}} {{sc|'''tvtare domvm'''}} hoc est cui defensori relinquimur, si tu deseris? {{sc|'''cvi parvvs ivlvs'''}} interrogantis est. et simul epitheto commendat aetatem.

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber II#675|678.]]}} {{sc|'''conivnx qvondam'''}} ‘quondam’ aut aliquando significat, quasi nunc uxor non sit quae relinquitur. aut certe ‘quondam’ ‘semper’ significat, ut in georgicis “ut quondam in stipulis magnus sine viribus ignis”, et est, quam semper coniugem nominasti. haberi enim quaevis poterat, nominari non nisi nobilis. et bene [2.ex ductu litterarum] quod eventurum timet, quasi iam contigerit, deflet; se autem ideo ultimam facit, quod ipsa loquitur. diversam autem aetatem pueri, senis et feminae ad miserationem commovendam videtur obicere.

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber II#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''svbitvm'''}} pro ‘subito’. adverbium est temporis secundum veteres. {{sc|'''oritvr'''}} oriuntur divina, ut Sol: ideo et †quia dicuntur oritur.

{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber II#680|681.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inter'''}} mutavit accentum praepositio postposita. sane ‘inter’ plerumque pro ‘per’ ponitur, sed raro apud Vergilium, ut “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”. bona autem oeconomia ad Iulum venit, dicens eum fuisse inter manus parentum. ‘inter manus’ autem, hoc est inter amplexus. non enim possumus eum illo tempore portatum dicere, quem et mox pedibus patris comitem fuisse, et post septem annos legimus et venatum isse et bella tractasse. {{sc|'''mirabile monstrvm'''}} ton meson est: dictum a monstrando, id est monendo. et refertur ad praesens eius significatio. ‘prodigium’ autem est quod in longum tempus dirigit significationem.

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber II#680|682.]]}} {{sc|'''levis'''}} pro leviter.

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber II#680|683.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndere lvmen apex'''}} ‘apex’ proprie dicitur in summo flaminis pilleo virga lanata, hoc est in cuius extremitate modica lana est: quod primum constat apud Albam Ascanium statuisse. modo autem summitatem pillei intellegimus. tangit autem, ut frequenter diximus, latenter historiam. item hoc quoque de igni ad Servium Tullium pertinet. nam cum Tarquinius cepisset Vericulanam civitatem, ex captiva quadam in domo eius natus est Servius Tullius. qui cum obdormisset, caput eius subito flamma corripuit: quam cum vellent restinguere, Tanaquil, regis uxor, auguriorum perita, intellegens augurium, prohibuit. flamma puerum cum somno deseruit: unde intellexit, eum clarum fore usque ad ultimam vitam. perite sane lucem dixit, non ut in septimo “tum fumida lumine fulvo”: nam et illic splendor quidem est, sed cum fumo, qui semper causa lacrimarum est. in Ascanio autem solus ostenditur splendor. Suetonius tria genera pilleorum dixit, quibus sacerdotes utuntur, apicem, tutulum, galerum: sed apicem pilleum sutile circa medium virga eminente, tutulum pilleum lanatum metae figura, galerum pilleum ex pelle hostiae caesae.

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber II#680|684.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm tempora pasci'''}} crescere: ut “sacrum tibi pascere crinem”. sunt autem hic infiniti pro indicativis ‘fundere’, ‘lambere’, ‘pasci’.

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber II#685|686.]]}} {{sc|'''sacros restingvere fontibvs ignes'''}} religiosos. non quos tunc ‘sacros’ sciebant, sed quos mox probarunt. {{sc|'''sanctos restingvere fontibvs ignes'''}}] [2.et] bene ‘fontibus’, non aquis. ‘sanctos’ vero, ut venerabilius fieret. sane ‘sanctum’ est interdum non idem quod ‘sacrum’, neque idem quod ‘religiosum’; interdum non aliud quam ‘sacrum’. hic ergo ‘sanctos’ sacros accipiemus, quippe quo loco auspicia fierent, sicut ex Anchisae persona ostenditur, cum dicit ‘oculos ad sidera laetus extulit’ et ‘da deinde auxilium pater atque haec omnia firma’. aliter ‘sanctum’ accipi per singula loca dicitur.

{{ancora+|687|[[Aeneis/Liber II#685|687.]]}} {{sc|'''at pater anchises'''}} et hic et alibi Anchisen divinandi peritum inducit. {{sc|'''ocvlos ad sidera'''}} contra opinionem Theocriti, qui eum fulmine caecatum fuisse commemorat.

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber II#685|688.]]}} {{sc|'''et caelo palmas cvm voce tetendit'''}} fugae defensio est, ut videatur non solum utilis et necessaria, sed et honesta, quoniam divina suadebant. nam et ideo inducitur noluisse, ut quod vincitur et consentit argumentum voluntatis divinae sit.

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber II#685|689.]]}} {{sc|'''si flecteris'''}} aut secundum Stoicos locutus est, qui fati adserunt necessitatem: aut secundum Epicureos, qui dicunt deos non curare mortalia.

{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber II#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''aspice nos'''}} quia intuentes dii iuvant: unde est “atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis”, et contra “diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat”. {{sc|'''aspice nos'''}}] quia intuentes dii iuvant: nam de Iove in primo libro “et Libyae defixit lumina regnis”. aut secundum mathematicos, quod quidquid Iuppiter irradiaverit felix facit.

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber II#690|691.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve haec omina firma'''}} secundum Romanum morem petit, ut visa firmentur. non enim unum augurium vidisse sufficit, nisi confirmetur ex simili. nam si dissimilia sint posteriora, solvuntur priora: unde est “quantum Chaonias aquila veniente columbas”. nam aquila sine dubio columbis plus potest.

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber II#690|692.]]}} {{sc|'''fatvs erat'''}} proprietatem disciplinae secutus, quod augurum ‘effata’ dicuntur.

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber II#690|693.]]}} {{sc|'''intonvit laevvm'''}} sinistrum, prosperum, quia caeleste est; quae enim nobis laeva sunt caelestibus dextra sunt, ut diximus supra. ‘sinistrum’ autem a sinendo dictum, quantum ad auguria pertinet, quod nos agere aliquid sinat, unde alibi “siquem numina laeva sinunt”. sed hoc loco pontificalis inducitur disciplina. nam ostendit Anchisen, cum vellet fugam filii sequi, omine quod de Ascanii †pro capite auspicii se obtulit, a diis commotum petisse de caelo confirmationem; subiungit enim ‘vix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore intonuit laevum’. prosperum, quia sereno caelo sive audita, sive visa fuerint: quod hic utrumque ostendit ‘subitoque fragore intonuit laevum’, quod ad auditum scilicet pertinet. iterum adiunxit quod ad visum pertinet ‘et de caelo lapsa per umbras stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit’. hoc autem auspicium cum de caelo sit, verbo augurum maximum appellatur. sinistras autem partes septentrionales esse augurum disciplina consentit, et ideo ex ipsa parte significatiora esse fulmina, quoniam altiora et viciniora domicilio Iovis.

{{ancora+|694|[[Aeneis/Liber II#690|694.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta cvm lvce cvcvrrit'''}} nunc theologicam rationem sequitur, quae adserit, flammarum quos cernimus tractus nimbum esse descendentis numinis; alibi physicam, ut “vento inpendente videbis, flammarum longos a tergo albescere tractus”. {{sc|'''facem dvcens'''}} lumen, quod utique ex facibus nascitur.

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber II#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''svper labentem'''}} quidam hoc verbum unam partem orationis esse tradunt.

{{ancora+|696|[[Aeneis/Liber II#695|696.]]}} {{sc|'''idaea clarvm se condere silva'''}} stellae huius cursus ita significat Troianos conglobatos ad domum Aeneae Idam petere. quod dicit ‘multa cum luce’ ostendit claros; quod ‘signantem vias’ scintillas quasdam dicit relictas, quae ostendunt remansuros in diversis partibus socios; quod ‘longo limite’, ostendit errorem; quod ‘sulcum’ dicit, significat longum ‘maris aequor arandum’; quod ait ‘sulphure fumant’ divini ignis odor ostenditur; fulgura enim odor sulphuris sequitur; ex fumo autem mors Anchisae, sicut eius oratio sequens indicat. ‘cedo equidem’, quasi dicat, licet sciam me esse moriturum. et bene quamdiu vivit Anchises, totum ei conceditur. quidam fumo bellum, quod in Italia futurum erat, significari tradunt.

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber II#695|699.]]}} {{sc|'''victvs genitor'''}} quasi pertinax et a pristino proposito recedens. {{sc|'''se tollit ad avras'''}} verbum augurum, qui visis auspiciis surgebant e templo: unde est ‘extemplo’.

{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber II#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''adfatvrqve deos'''}} agit diis gratias. vel certe invocat.

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber II#700|701.]]}} {{sc|'''iam iam nvlla mora est'''}} et ‘cedo equidem’ ostendit eum Aeneae dictis consensisse.

{{ancora+|702|[[Aeneis/Liber II#700|702.]]}} {{sc|'''dii patrii servate domvm servate'''}} NEPOTEM: {{sc|'''vestrvm hoc avgvrivm'''}} hic ostendit, Anchisen ea quae optabat per impetrationem augurii meruisse: augurium enim est exquisita deorum voluntas per consultationem avium aut signorum. perite ergo signum de caelo ‘augurium’ dixit. ideo et adiecit ‘servate domum’, id est genus, familiam: ‘servate nepotem’, a quo certum erat Romanam prolem propagatum iri.

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber II#700|703.]]}} {{sc|'''vestroqve in nvmine troia est'''}} in vobis habeo Troiam: propter illud “has mihi servassent sedes”. alii ita exponunt: augurium numenque vestrum efficiat, ne putem Troiam perisse.

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber II#700|704.]]}} {{sc|'''cedo'''}} cedere proprie dicitur qui contra sententiam suam alteri consentit, ut “cedamus Phoebo”. {{sc|'''comes ire recvso'''}} tantum ad solatium itineris, quippe moriturus, ut in sexto Aeneas “ille meum comitatus iter”. vult enim Vergilius etiam Aeneae concedere patris peritiam.

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber II#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''dixerat ille'''}} hic distinguendum. alii ‘ille’ et ‘ignis’, sed male. {{sc|'''et iam'''}} dum negat, dum ostenduntur auspicia.

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber II#705|706.]]}} {{sc|'''propivsqve'''}} [2.quamvis secreta domus sit.] propter illud “arboribusque obtecta recessit”. et est ordo: incendia propius volvunt aestus, id est calorem. unde etiam ‘aestas’ dicitur.

{{ancora+|707|[[Aeneis/Liber II#705|707.]]}} {{sc|'''ergo age'''}} quia consensisti, et ignis propinquat. ‘age’ autem non est modo verbum imperantis, sed hortantis adverbium, adeo ut plerumque ‘age facite’ dicamus et singularem numerum copulemus plurali. {{sc|'''cervici'''}} ‘cervix’ cum numero singulari dicitur, collum significat; si plurali utamur, superbiam ostendimus, ut in Verrinis “frange cervices”.

{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber II#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''ambobvs erit'''}} et ad filium et ad patrem potest referri; sed melius ad patrem, quia de Ascanio post loquitur.

{{ancora+|711|[[Aeneis/Liber II#710|711.]]}} {{sc|'''et longe'''}} ‘longe’ valde, ut “Tiberinaque longe ostia”. nam ‘longe’ non potest, quia sequitur ‘pone subit coniunx’. et bene ire singulos facit: scit enim multitudinem facile posse deprehendi. vel ‘longe’ ideo, ut sit prooeconomia, quod errare potuerit. {{sc|'''servet'''}} autem custodiat, ut “et tantas servabat filia sedes vel servantem ripas”.

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber II#710|712.]]}} {{sc|'''famvli'''}} unde familia.

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber II#710|713.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe egressis'''}} hic ablativo iunxit, ut Horatius “egressum magna me accepit Aricia Roma”. Sallustius accusativo, ut “raro egressa fines suos”. ergo utrumque dicimus. {{sc|'''tvmvlvs'''}} modo terra tumens, alias sepulcrum. prudenter autem circa turbatos pluribus utitur praeceptis, [2.diversa signa dat] quia scit, timoris comitem esse oblivionem. {{sc|'''templvmqve vetvstvm desertae cereris'''}} bene Cereris fanum ante urbem esse facit, quae dea rusticorum est. et librate Aeneas et Cereris templum et vetustum elegit, ad quod nec viris erat aditus, sicut hostes putabant: nam Aeneas scit, ante esse profanatum: nec praedae spe Graeci poterant duci.

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber II#710|714.]]}} {{sc|'''desertae cereris'''}} utrum a sacerdote, qui in sexto extinctus inducitur, ut “Cererique sacrum Polyboeten”: an ‘desertae’ belli tempore propter decennalem obsidionem? an ‘desertae’ a filia, ut “nec repetita sequi curet Proserpina matrem”. {{sc|'''antiqva cvpressvs'''}} ad vetustatem rettulit. cupressum autem, funebrem arborem, bene ante templum deae lugentis esse confirmat.

{{ancora+|715|[[Aeneis/Liber II#715|715.]]}} {{sc|'''religione patrvm'''}} timore: et est reciprocum. sic Terentius “nam mihi nihil esse, religio est dicere”, id est metus; item Vergilius contra “multosque metu servata per annos:” conexa enim sunt timor et religio, ut Statius “primus in orbe deos fecit timor”.

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber II#715|716.]]}} {{sc|'''ex diverso'''}} ut non sit suspicio Graecis.

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber II#715|717.]]}} {{sc|'''cape sacra manv'''}} non est dantis, sed hortantis, ut tollat, quia sequitur ‘me bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti attrectare nefas’: scit enim Graecos ex pollutione Palladii piaculum commisisse.

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber II#715|719.]]}} {{sc|'''flvmine vivo'''}} perenni, quia iugiter aqua fluens viva vocatur. {{sc|'''flvmine vivo'''}} semper fluenti, id est naturali, ut “vivoque sedilia saxo”. est autem augurale verbum.

{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber II#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''ablvero'''}} pro abluam.

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber II#720|721.]]}} {{sc|'''latos vmeros'''}} aut more heroum se laudat: aut certe sternendo latos facit. vel ‘latos’ sufficientes; vult enim ostendere, totum se ad onus praebuisse: et ideo ‘umeros’, non ‘umerum’.

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber II#720|722.]]}} {{sc|'''insternor'''}} eleganter tamquam onus laturus, ut de animalibus.

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber II#720|723.]]}} {{sc|'''svccedoqve oneri'''}} figura est, ut “succedunt muro et flammas ad culmina iactant”.

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber II#720|724.]]}} {{sc|'''inplicvit'''}} puerilem expressit timorem, ne manu excidat patris. {{sc|'''seqvitvrqve patrem non passibvs aeqvis'''}} bene de praesente puero, qui, ut putabatur, inter manus reginae erat positus, expressit adfectum.

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber II#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''pone'''}} ‘post’, sed loco tantum, non et tempori adiungitur. et adverbium est, atque ideo ultima syllaba habet accentum. {{sc|'''svbit'''}} sequitur. {{sc|'''opaca locorvm'''}} quia dixit “arboribusque obtecta recessit”. est autem elocutio, ut “strata viarum”. alii ‘per opaca’, per crassa accipiendum putant; vel ‘opaca’ obscura. alibi ‘opacum’ amoenum.

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber II#725|726.]]}} {{sc|'''et me qvem dvdvm'''}} naturalia plus timet. quasi et vir fortis et pius non timet bellicum timorem, sed naturalem, propterea quia sequitur ‘comitique onerique timentem’.

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber II#725|727.]]}} {{sc|'''glomerati ex agmine'''}} propter illud ‘undique collecti invadunt’.

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber II#725|728.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc omnes terrent avrae'''}} hic ostendit, etiam fortes viros pro ratione temporis et causarum et debere et decere metuere. {{sc|'''sonvs excitat omnis'''}} consternat.

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber II#725|729.]]}} {{sc|'''svspensvm'''}} sollicitum. {{sc|'''comitiqve'''}} quidam ‘comiti’ pro comitibus accipi volunt; nam et pro Creusa eum timere putant intellegi, et singulariter dictum, ut ‘equitem’ et ‘peditem’ de multitudine dicimus.

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber II#730|731.]]}} {{sc|'''svbito cvm'''}} hysterologia est. {{sc|'''nate'''}} haec singula pronuntianda sunt, quia perturbatis iugis non datur sermo, nec gaudentibus, nec dolentibus. quidam adfectiose distinguunt.

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber II#730|733.]]}} {{sc|'''propinqvant'''}} non dicit qui, propter sequentem de Corybantibus oeconomiam. {{sc|'''cerno'''}} non nulli quaerunt, ex cuius persona ‘cerno’ dictum sit. sed altius intuentes ‘cerno’ Aeneae dant, ut ipse hunc versum dixisse videatur.

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber II#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''nescio qvod trepido'''}} excusatio est coniugis longius derelictae. et bene ‘nescio quod’ ait, quia hoc postea a simulacro uxoris agnoscit. {{sc|'''male nvmen amicvm'''}} non cum utilitate mea favens uxori, quae in numerum ministrarum matris deum relata est. vel ‘male amicum’ iratum, ut “statio male fida carinis”.

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber II#735|736.]]}} {{sc|'''mentem'''}} memoriam, ut paulo post ait “nec prius amissam respexi”.

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber II#735|738.]]}} {{sc|'''fatone erepta crevsa'''}} ordo est: fato erepta Creusa substititne, erravitne via. non enim dubitat fato esse sublatam, cum audierit “non haec sine numine divum eveniunt”.

{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber II#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''nec post ocvlis est reddita nostris'''}} constat: nam umbram eius vidit tantummodo. alioquin mentiebatur dicendo: non vidi.

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber II#740|743.]]}} {{sc|'''hic demvm'''}} ‘hic una defuit’, aliter vitium est. ‘huc’ enim dicere debuit. {{sc|'''vna'''}} id est sola. et videtur improprie de necessaria persona ‘una’ dixisse, quae non sic debet numerari, quasi numero defuerit, sed quasi adfectui dolentis; sola enim de multis intellegitur.

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber II#740|744.]]}} {{sc|'''comites'''}} utrum natum et virum, an separatim alios, an famulos dixit? {{sc|'''natvmqve'''}} qui per aetatem matrem desiderare debuerat. {{sc|'''virvmqve fefellit'''}} videtur excusasse oblivionem suam et culpam ad deos rettulisse.

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber II#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''deorvmqve'''}} hypermetrus versus est, ideo, ne si ‘deum’ per genetivum pluralem diceret, homoioteleuton faceret. dicendo autem ‘quem non incusavi amens hominumque deumque’ dat sibi amentiam, quia in furore incusavit deos etiam, quod numquam; cum enim dixit ‘quem non’, intellegimus etiam deos.

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber II#745|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vidi crvdelivs'''}} bene se futurus commendat maritus, qui apud feminam sic ostendit priorem se amasse uxorem.

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber II#745|748.]]}} {{sc|'''valle recondo'''}} hinc iam ostenditur nimia multitudo.

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber II#745|749.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem repeto'''}} quidam ‘repeto’ pro ‘repetere statuo’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''fvlgentibvs armis'''}} licet intempestive ‘fulgentibus’ dixerit, tamen potest significasse scutum et galeam, quibus solis caruerat patrem portans et filium ducens.

{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber II#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''stat casvs'''}} placet, ut “stat quicquid acerbum est, morte pati”.

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber II#750|752.]]}} {{sc|'''obscvra limina'''}} aut per noctem obscura: aut certe posticum ‘limina’ significat.

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber II#750|753.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} pro unde. {{sc|'''retro observata seqvor'''}} relego, retro sequor mea vestigia.

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber II#750|754.]]}} {{sc|'''lvmine lvstro'''}} oculos circumfero; non enim facem ferre poterat, quia proderetur.

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber II#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa silentia'''}} ipsa quae terrere non debent, praecipue inter hostes. sed ut diximus, naturalibus tantum cedit.

{{ancora+|756|[[Aeneis/Liber II#755|756.]]}} {{sc|'''si forte'''}} PEDEM, {{sc|'''si forte'''}} iteratione auxit dubitationem. {{sc|'''inrverant danai'''}} quos Venus ante prohibuerat: unde est “et ni mea cura resistat”.

{{ancora+|758|[[Aeneis/Liber II#755|758.]]}} {{sc|'''ilicet'''}} confestim. hoc significat [2.et] ‘ilico’; sed metri ratione variantur. {{sc|'''svmma ad fastigia vento'''}} qui auget flammas, ut “veluti cum flamma furentibus austris”. ‘fastigia’ autem modo de summitate proprie dixit: alibi per contrarium de imo, ut est “forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras”. inde est et “caelumque profundum”, quasi cuius porro sit fundus, cum de imo ‘fundus’, de summo ‘fastigium’ dicatur.

{{ancora+|760|[[Aeneis/Liber II#760|760.]]}} {{sc|'''priami'''}} patris eius. {{sc|'''arcem'''}} ne vel illuc confugisset?

{{ancora+|761|[[Aeneis/Liber II#760|761.]]}} {{sc|'''vacvis'''}} magnis, quippe illic erant omnia. alii ‘vacuis’ pro vacuatis intellegunt, ut sit nomen pro participio; aut ‘vacuis’ a nobis; aut certe ‘vacuis’ latis. {{sc|'''ivnonis asylo'''}} templo: unde nullus possit ad supplicium extrahi. dictum ‘asylum’ quasi ‘asyrum’. alii ‘asylum’ ideo dictum, quod nullus inde tolleretur, id est quod sulasthai, hoc est abripi, nullus inde poterat; vel quod fugienti illuc spolia non detraherentur; sula enim Graece aut furta aut spolia dicuntur. hoc autem non est in omnibus templis, nisi quibus consecrationis lege concessum est. primo autem apud Athenienses statutum est ab Herculis filiis, quos insequebantur hi, qui erant a patre oppressi, sicut docet in duodecimo Statius. hoc asylum etiam Romulus imitatus est: unde est “quem Romulus acer asylum rettulit”, non ‘statuit’. quem locum deus †Lucoris, sicut Piso ait, curare dicitur. sunt quidam qui dicunt, ideo Graecos in templo Iunonis, quod asylum erat, praedam convexisse vel captivos conclusisse, quod ibi caedem fieri non liceret: et ideo feminas et pueros clausos, quod imbellis esset aetas et sexus, quibus etiam hostes parcere consueverunt.

{{ancora+|762|[[Aeneis/Liber II#760|762.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenix'''}} Achillis magister.

{{ancora+|763|[[Aeneis/Liber II#760|763.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc'''}} pro illuc. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} census, Persarum lingua. et est numeri singularis tantum.

{{ancora+|764|[[Aeneis/Liber II#760|764.]]}} {{sc|'''mensaeqve deorvm'''}} postquam ‘excessere omnes adytis’.

{{ancora+|765|[[Aeneis/Liber II#765|765.]]}} {{sc|'''crateresqve avro solidi'''}} qui sunt vel inaurati, vel laminis tecti, vel incrustati. {{sc|'''captivaqve vestis'''}} pro captivorum, et est nota elocutio.

{{ancora+|766|[[Aeneis/Liber II#765|766.]]}} {{sc|'''longo ordine'''}} longa multitudine, ut in sexto “unde omnes longo ordine posset”, cum non dicat ‘per ordinem’. non enim ordo erat in multitudine.

{{ancora+|768|[[Aeneis/Liber II#765|768.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} quia inter hostes. {{sc|'''voces iactare'''}} quae contrariae sunt latere cupienti. et inquirendi officium ad vocem transtulit propter noctem. ‘voces’ vero, quia ‘iterumque iterumque vocavi’. {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} Q. V. I. P. V.] [2.et] hic ostendit, et se fato evasisse, et fato coniugem perdidisse.

{{ancora+|771|[[Aeneis/Liber II#770|771.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis'''}} per tecta. et est antiptosis.

{{ancora+|772|[[Aeneis/Liber II#770|772.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix simvlacrvm'''}} mihi, non sibi: ut “quae potui infelix?” per ‘simulacrum’ autem apotheosin ostendit, quia simulacra deorum sunt, umbrae inferorum. sic Ulixes in Homero apud inferos umbram Herculis cernit, quia post mortem umbrae inferos, animae caelum petunt.

{{ancora+|773|[[Aeneis/Liber II#770|773.]]}} {{sc|'''maior imago'''}} quia umbra maior est corpore. et per hoc mortuam vult ostendere, aut ex homine deam factam.

{{ancora+|774|[[Aeneis/Liber II#770|774.]]}} {{sc|'''stetervntqve comae'''}} prae horrore.

{{ancora+|775|[[Aeneis/Liber II#775|775.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic adfari'''}} infinitus modus pro indicativo. et hic versus in plerisque dicitur non fuisse. {{sc|'''qvid tantvm'''}} consolatio est; sequitur etiam divinatio, quae animis liberatis corpore conceditur: unde etiam morientibus datur, ut “nec longum laetabere: te quoque fata prospectant paria” Acron Mezentio.

{{ancora+|776|[[Aeneis/Liber II#775|776.]]}} {{sc|'''insano'''}} hic sine ratione, aut certe magno, ut “insani feriant sine litora fluctus”. {{sc|'''indvlgere'''}} vel permittere, vel operam dare, ut “indulgent vino”.

{{ancora+|777|[[Aeneis/Liber II#775|777.]]}} {{sc|'''sine nvmine divvm'''}} sine fati necessitate: ut enim Statius dicit, fata sunt quae dii fantur.

{{ancora+|778|[[Aeneis/Liber II#775|778.]]}} {{sc|'''evenivnt nec te comitem hinc asportare crevsam'''}} hic versus caret scansione: unde multi ei ‘hinc’, multi ‘as’ syllabam detrahunt. si tamen vis fide servata scandere, sit conversio, ut ‘eveniunt, nec te hinc comitem’, et potest scandi per synalipham. aliter nec ecthlipsin, nec hiatum, nec synalipham recipit. {{sc|'''crevsam'''}} quia Latina declinatio est, erit Latinus accentus.

{{ancora+|779|[[Aeneis/Liber II#775|779.]]}} {{sc|'''fas'''}} pro fato; quia sequitur ‘&quot;regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi&quot; ‘. {{sc|'''ille'''}} superfluum hoc loco pronomen. {{sc|'''olympi'''}} cur in paenultima accentus sit, manifesta est ratio apud Latinos: quamquam Graeci discretionem velint per accentum facere montis et caeli, quod superfluum est.

{{ancora+|780|[[Aeneis/Liber II#780|780.]]}} {{sc|'''longa tibi exilia'''}} subaudiendum ‘obeunda’. {{sc|'''arandvm'''}} quia legimus “subtrahiturque solum”, non inmerito dixit nunc ‘arandum’. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} sequenti epitheto Italiam ab Hispania segregavit, quae et ipsa Hesperia dicitur. et videtur per derivationem etiam errori finem dedisse.

{{ancora+|781|[[Aeneis/Liber II#780|781.]]}} {{sc|'''lydivs thybris'''}}] quia per Tusciam fluit. Tusci enim a Lydis originem ducunt. {{sc|'''lydivs thybris'''}} Tuscus, dictus ‘Lydius’ a fratre Tyrrheni. nam Lydus et Tyrrhenus duo fratres, cum eos provincia una non ferret, in sortem miserunt, ut divisis copiis proficisceretur unus ad novas sedes quaerendas. profectus Tyrrhenus est, qui ex suo nomine Tuscos Tyrrhenos vocavit. Lydia autem dicta est, in qua frater remanserat. unde nunc traxit, ut ‘Lydium’ diceret. Tusci autem a frequentia sacrificii dicti sunt, hoc est apo tou thuein. constat namque, illic a Tage aruspicinam repertam, ut Lucanus meminit “sed conditor artis finxerit ista Tages” (1.634). apud Tuscos etiam togae usus est; nam hoc habitu in Lydia Iovis simulacrum fuisse dicitur.

{{ancora+|782|[[Aeneis/Liber II#780|782.]]}} {{sc|'''leni agmine'''}} leni impetu, vel fluore: et multis rebus hoc nomen adiungitur.

{{ancora+|783|[[Aeneis/Liber II#780|783.]]}} {{sc|'''regnvmqve et regia'''}} cur ergo Aeneas horum non meminit, et considit in Thracia et aliis locis?

{{ancora+|784|[[Aeneis/Liber II#780|784.]]}} {{sc|'''parta'''}} an parata, an adquisita armis? {{sc|'''lacrimas dilectae pelle crevsae'''}} melius ad posteriora referimus, ut dicat: noli flere, nec enim captiva sum. male enim plerique dicunt, quia habes uxorem paratam.

{{ancora+|786|[[Aeneis/Liber II#785|786.]]}} {{sc|'''servitvm'''}} ut serviam; verbum finitum et modus gerundi est.

{{ancora+|787|[[Aeneis/Liber II#785|787.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanis'''}} laus a maioribus. {{sc|'''nvrvs'''}} laus a cognatione. sane hunc versum quidam ita supplevit ‘et tua coniunx’.

{{ancora+|788|[[Aeneis/Liber II#785|788.]]}} {{sc|'''his oris'''}} in quibus colitur plus, quam in Creta.

{{ancora+|789|[[Aeneis/Liber II#785|789.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve vale'''}} recedentis significatio est: unde et mortuis dicitur, ut “salve maxime Palla aeternumque vale”. {{sc|'''nati serva commvnis amorem'''}} quasi mater sollicita, quod dixerat, eum aliam habiturum uxorem. bene ergo propter futuram novercam commendatur Ascanius.

{{ancora+|793|[[Aeneis/Liber II#790|793.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs effvgit imago'''}} quasi imago, quae non tenetur. naturale enim est, ut non possit teneri. nam in sexto quod ait “da dextram misero”, auxilium significat.

{{ancora+|794|[[Aeneis/Liber II#790|794.]]}} {{sc|'''par levibvs ventis'''}} puris et non vehementibus. {{sc|'''simillima somno'''}} sic Cicero “simillimum deo iudico”. nam genetivo debuit iungi.

{{ancora+|795|[[Aeneis/Liber II#795|795.]]}} {{sc|'''sic demvm'''}} novissime.

{{ancora+|797|[[Aeneis/Liber II#795|797.]]}} {{sc|'''invenio admirans'''}} cum invenissem, admiratus sum. vel admiratus sum, tantos evadere potuisse. sane adamat poeta ea quae legit diverso modo proferre. Naevius belli Punici primo de Anchisa et Aenea fugientibus haec ait “eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales”, ecce hoc est ‘invenio admirans numerum’: “multi alii e Troia strenue viri”, ecce hi sunt ‘animis parati’: “ubi foras cum auro illic exibant”, ecce et ‘opibus instructi’.

{{ancora+|798|[[Aeneis/Liber II#795|798.]]}} {{sc|'''exilio'''}} ad exilium alii. Donatus contra metrum sensit, dicens ‘ex Ilio’, quasi de Ilio: nam longa est. {{sc|'''miserabile vvlgvs'''}} magnum est quod addidit ‘vulgus’. sic Statius “unde hoc examen, et una tot miserae”.

{{ancora+|799|[[Aeneis/Liber II#795|799.]]}} {{sc|'''vndiqve convenere'''}} videtur hoc loco tamquam omnium consensu regnum ad Aeneam esse delatum. {{sc|'''animis opibvsqve'''}} et volebant et poterant: vel fortes pariter et divites.

{{ancora+|800|[[Aeneis/Liber II#800|800.]]}} {{sc|'''dedvcere terras'''}} iuxta morem Romanum deduci coloniae dicebantur. bene ergo de Aenea dixit ‘deducere’, quod eis civitatem conditurus erat.

{{ancora+|801|[[Aeneis/Liber II#800|801.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcifer idae'''}} ut Troianis videtur. sic alibi “tibi deserit Hesperus Oetam” secundum persuasionem eorum, qui circa montes habitant; illinc enim oriri vel occidere putantur sidera, unde videri vel incipiunt, vel desinunt. hoc est autem quod ei Venus promisit “numquam abero”. Varro enim ait hanc stellam Luciferi, quae Veneris dicitur, ab Aenea, donec ad Laurentem agrum veniret, semper visam, et postquam pervenit, videri desiisse: unde et pervenisse se agnovit. bene autem poeta diligentia sua dierum horis hic quae aguntur accommodat; ut hoc loco, quod de patria cum patre et filio discedit Aeneas, ait ‘surgebat’.

{{ancora+|802|[[Aeneis/Liber II#800|802.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcebatqve diem'''}} quia Lucifer lucis est praevius.

{{ancora+|803|[[Aeneis/Liber II#800|803.]]}} {{sc|'''opis'''}} ferendi auxilii; vel ad ceteros liberandos, qui non fuissent occisi; vel ad eruendam de captivitate patriam, quia dicit ‘Danaique obsessa tenebant limina portarum’.

{{ancora+|804|[[Aeneis/Liber II#800|804.]]}} {{sc|'''cessi'''}} deest ‘igitur’. {{sc|'''cessi'''}} hoc est tantis difficultatibus vel malis. et proprie cedere dicuntur qui patriam relinquunt. {{sc|'''montem'''}} ut ostendit in nono Idam significat. {{sc|'''svblato'''}} GENItore ubique inventa opportunitate pietatem suam erga patrem vult ostendere.{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius I
|AnteNomen = ../Liber I
|Post = Commentarius III
|PostNomen = ../Liber III
}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber IX</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276883</id>
      <parentid>271068</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T00:16:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
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      <text bytes="153877" sha1="qd2z8zy9xfi9rg9bvxpm302niklcwp2" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber IX|librum IX]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin02servuoft/page/307/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VIII
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VIII
|Post = Commentarius X
|PostNomen = ../Liber X
}}

*[''Inclinatis litteris scripta sunt scholia quae, sine certis dominis,  {{wl|Q3384616|Petrus Daniel Aurelianensis}} 1600 anno primum eddidit.''
*''Rotundis uncis inclusa est scriptura scholiarum Daniele additarum ex codice Parisino (1750) quam integram editor istius editionis, cum plerumque ei videretur emendanda, addidit.''
*''Quadratis uncis inclusa sunt illa quae videbantur Danieli ex eodem abicienda.'']

{{regula}}

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve ea diversa penitvs dvm p. g.'''}} in hoc libro mutatio est rerum omnium: nam et personae et loca alia sunt et aliud negotium incipitur; ab Aenea enim transit ad Turnum, a Tuscia ad Ardeam, a petitione auxiliorum ad bellum. quem transitum quidam culpant, nescientes Vergilium prudenter iunxisse superioribus negotiis sequentia per illam particulam ‘atque ea d. p. dum parte geruntur’, scilicet dum offeruntur arma, dum dantur auxilia. ‘dum’ enim cum sit coniunctio, hic tamen adverbii vim obtinet: Terentius “mea nihil refert, dum patiar modo”. sane formatus est iste liber ad illud Homeri, ubi dicit per noctem egressos esse Diomeden et Ulixen, cum capto Dolone castra penetrarunt: nam partem maximam et oeconomiae et negotiorum exinde habet. {{sc|'''diversa penitvs'''}} valde diversa, id est longius remota, vel apud Pallanteum vel in Etruria: unde paulo post dicit ‘nec satis, extremas Corythi penetravit ad urbes Lydorumque manum’.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''irim'''}} Iris quasi {{grc|''ἔρις''}} dicta est: numquam enim ad conciliationem mittitur, sicut Mercurius, sed ad disturbationem. et est ministra non tantum dearum, sed et deorum: nam praeter Homerum et Vergilius hoc probat, dicens “aeriam caelo nam Iuppiter Irim dimisit, germanae haud mollia iussa ferentem”.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''avdacem ad tvrnvm'''}} fortem sine felicitate, sicut de Pallante diximus. et modo audaciae laus oportuna, quia ad audendum exhortandus est.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''parentis pilvmni'''}} Pilumnus et Pitumnus fratres fuerunt dii. horum Pitumnus usum stercorandorum invenit agrorum — unde et Sterculinius dictus est — Pilumnus vero pinsendi frumenti: unde et a pistoribus deus colitur. ab ipso et pilum dictum est. quidam Pilumnum et Pitumnum Castorem et Pollucem accipiunt: non nulli laudum deos: Varro coniugales deos suspicatur. {{sc|'''sacrata valle'''}} ideo ‘sacrata’, quia, ut diximus, numquam est lucus sine religione. {{sc|'''sedebat'''}} ut Asper dicit ‘erat’, quae clausula antiqua est et de usu remota. secundum Plautum autem ‘sedere’ est consilium capere, qui inducit in Mostellaria servum dicentem “sine iuxta aram sedeam, et dabo meliora consilia”. sed secundum augures ‘sedere’ est augurium captare; namque post designatas caeli partes a sedentibus captantur auguria: quod et supra ipse ostendit latenter, inducens Picum solum sedentem, ut “parvaque sedebat succinctus trabea”, quod est augurum, cum alios stantes induxerit. ergo ‘sedebat’ aut erat aut consilia capiebat aut augurabatur. unde et hic lucus vice aedis sacratae accipi debet: quod plenius illo loco dictum est “hoc illis curia templum”. aut quia in locis sacris sedentes qui consilia habituri erant, curiam in templo haberent: quod Numa cum sciret, Vestae aediculam, non templum statuit, ne ibi senatus haberi posset et ipsa necessitate vir introiret locum. nam et ipsa consilia a sedendo quasi considia dicta sunt; sedentium enim animi tranquilliores fiunt.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''thavmantias'''}} secundum poeticam Thaumantis filia. ceterum ex admiratione hoc nomen accepit, quae admiratio de eius coloribus nascitur.

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#5|6.]]}} {{sc|'''divvm promittere nemo'''}} ‘nemo’ pro ‘nullus’ posuit. et est acyrologia: nam ‘divum nemo’ non possumus dicere, cum proprie ‘nemo’ sit ‘ne homo’.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#5|7.]]}} {{sc|'''avderet'''}} docet per transitum multa interdum temporum ratione provenire, quae numina praestare non possunt: quod etiam paulo post in matris deum petitione Iuppiter probat, dicens “cui tanta deo permissa potestas”. {{sc|'''volvenda'''}} pro ‘volubilis’.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#5|8.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas vrbe et sociis'''}} ab occasione. et ostendit quid illi expugnandum sit, quia caret defensore. {{sc|'''vrbe'''}} urbs ista, quae est †tutam “ipse humili designat moenia fossa”. hanc castrum Laurens ait dici Varro, oppidum tacet. sed ubi primum Aeneas egressus sit, eum locum Troiam nuncupari traditur.

{{ancora+|9|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#5|9.]]}} {{sc|'''palatini'''}} prolepsis est.

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''nec satis'''}} quia occurrebat ab Euandro eum facile posse remeare. {{sc|'''corythi penetravit'''}} ut totam [9.in] Etruriam peragrasse videatur. Corythi autem montis Tusciae, qui, ut diximus, nomen accepit a Corytho rege, cum cuius uxore concubuit Iuppiter, unde natus est Dardanus. ‘penetravit’ autem bene, quia supra dixerat ‘penitus’.

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#10|11.]]}} {{sc|'''lydorvmqve manvm'''}} omnia haec ad occasionem faciendi pertinent ex longinquitate, ut dictum est, regionis.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#10|12.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc tempvs'''}} a metu. {{sc|'''armat agrestes'''}} ne ei formidinem iniciat, agrestes esse commemorat.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#10|13.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbata arripe castra'''}} aut ‘arripe et turba’: aut turbata invade per absentiam Aeneae. ‘turbata’ autem inordinata: aut certe ‘turba et arripe’.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#10|14.]]}} {{sc|'''paribvs alis'''}} id est aequalibus. et ostendit aequalem volatum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''fvga'''}} pro ‘veloci reditu’; neque enim fugit. {{sc|'''secvit svb nvbibvs arcvm'''}} hoc est duxit, ut “ille viam secat ad naves”. et re vera arcus ipse variis coloribus sectus est. bene autem ‘sub nubibus’, quia sine nubis beneficio arcus non videtur.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#15|16.]]}} {{sc|'''agnovit ivvenis'''}} deest ‘eam’. et Irim tantum agnovit, non et a quo missa esset, utrum a Iove, an a Iunone. hinc est quod dicit ‘quis te mihi nubibus actam detulit in terras'? unde apparet eum scisse nuntiam illam et Iovis et Iunonis esse.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#15|19.]]}} {{sc|'''repente'''}} item aliud augurium: namque cum Iris sine nubibus non possit videri, post eius abscessum statim est secuta serenitas. {{sc|'''clara'''}} autem bene addidit, quia tempestas {{grc|''τῶν μέσων''}} est.

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''discedere caelvm'''}} chasma dicit factum, id est subitam aeris disruptionem et quendam recessum: per quod vult videri chasma Irim se recepisse. {{sc|'''medivm'''}} autem bene dixit; nam est et summum, unde est “sic vertice caeli constitit”. nubes autem in medio sunt, ubi omnia ista sunt signa quae dicit, id est Iris, serenitas, chasma: nam si in summo fierent, nullus videre potuisset. humani enim oculi altiorem et nimium splendorem ferre non possunt. sane chasma est, ita enim Plinius vocat, disruptio et quidam caeli recessus. in auguralibus libris inter ostenta etiam caelum discessisse dicitur. et quidam hic ‘caelum’ pro aere accipiunt, ut Lucretius “in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer”.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#20|21.]]}} {{sc|'''palantesqve polo stellas'''}} bene ‘palantes’, quasi in alienum tempus errore venientes: aut ‘palantes’ quae sunt palantes, epitheton stellarum perpetuum. {{sc|'''omina tanta'''}} scilicet caelestia. et haec omina pro signis vel auspiciis posuit.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#20|22.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis in arma vocas'''}} vel Iuno vel Iuppiter.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#20|24.]]}} {{sc|'''oneravitqve aethera votis'''}} iterum atque iterum, aut alia atque alia est vota pollicitus. locus autem iste dictus est secundum augurum morem, apud quos fuerat consuetudo, ut si post acceptum augurium ad aquam venissent, inclinati aquas haurirent exinde et manibus et fusis precibus vota promitterent, ut visum perseveraret augurium, quod aquae intercessu disrumpitur: unde etiam in duodecimo visum augurium non procedit neque sortitur exitum firmum, quia cycnus, dimissus ab aquila, in fluvium cecidit, ut “praedamque ex unguibus ales proiecit fluvio”. hinc videtur etiam Turnus minime potuisse liberari.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve omnis campis exercitvs ibat apertis'''}} intellegamus hunc exercitum primo confuse in campos ruisse, post digestum in ordines, ut sit sequentium fluminum congrua comparatio: quae flumina dicit post camporum inundationem in alveos suos reverti. nam hoc vult dicere: ut de campis flumina in alveos redeunt, sic digesta est in acies militum multitudo, quae fuerat ante diffusa.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#25|26.]]}} {{sc|'''dives eqvvm'''}} per genetivum frequentius utimur hac figura, quam per ablativum. sane hic secutus veteres cuius rei dives addidit, cum alibi subtraxerit, ut “dives quae munera Dido” et “dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos”.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#25|27.]]}} {{sc|'''coercent'''}} cogunt, colligunt, alias ‘continent’, alias ‘conpescunt’. non nulli ‘postrema’ pro ‘postremas partes’ accipiunt.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#25|29.]]}} {{sc|'''sedatis amnibvs'''}} quia Nilus exundat aestate, cum cetera flumina inminutione quieta sunt.

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''altvs per tacitvm ganges'''}} fluvius Indiae est, qui secundum Senecam in situ Indiae novem alveis fluit, secundum Melonem septem: qui tamen et ipse commemorat non nullos dicere, quod tribus alveis fluat. Vergilius tamen, Nilo eum iungens, septem alveos habere significat. hanc varietatem Donatus fugiens longum hyperbaton facit, dicens ‘ceu surgens septem amnibus Nilus aut Ganges’. {{sc|'''altvs per tacitvm'''}} sane bene addidit ‘per tacitum altus’, hoc est per profundam altitudinem; nam licet crescat, intra ripas tamen est, nec, ut Nilus, superfunditur campis; unde Asper distinxit ‘altus per tacitum’. et bene agmen exercitus flumini conparavit, quia et fluviorum agmina ipse dicit “leni fluit agmine Thybris”. {{sc|'''pingvi flvmine nilvs'''}} Nilus dictus est quasi {{grc|''νέαν ἰλύν''}}, hoc est novum limum trahens: quod volens exprimere dixit ‘pingui flumine’, id est fluore, quae res fecundam efficit terram: quod et ipse in georgicis ostendit dicens “liquuntur montibus amnes felicemque trahunt limum” item “et viridem Aegyptum nigra fecundat harena”.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#30|31.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm reflvit campis'''}} hoc est a campis rediit; tunc enim omnia ora eius apparent: alias, cum abundat, una eius facies est.

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#30|34.]]}} {{sc|'''ab adversa'''}} castris opposita, an venienti agmini? {{sc|'''qvis globvs'''}} id est quantus: admirantis enim est, non interrogantis; nec enim interrogat qui nuntiat.

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#35|37.]]}} {{sc|'''hostis adest'''}} hic distinguendum, ut ‘heia’ militum sit properantium clamor. et est Ennianum, qui ait “heia machaeras”. ergo ‘heia’ ingenti clamore dicentes ad portas ruebant. alii ‘hostis adest, heia’ legunt. alii ‘heia’ non a persona ad personam dictum putant, sed ipsum poetam quasi actu rei et imaginatione exclamasse.

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#35|39.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve ita discedens praeceperat'''}} excusatio Troianorum, ne portas clausisse timore viderentur. {{sc|'''optimvs armis'''}} peritus armorum, dux egregius, qui et futura provideret.

{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva interea fortvna fvisset'''}} scilicet bellicus casus.

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#40|42.]]}} {{sc|'''tvtos servarent aggere mvros'''}} id est tutos beneficio aggeris muros.

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#40|43.]]}} {{sc|'''pvdor iraqve monstrat'''}} licet eos hortaretur ira et pudor.

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#40|44.]]}} {{sc|'''obicivnt'''}} obices ponunt, vel obicibus muniunt, et per hoc claudunt. {{sc|'''facessvnt'''}} hic ‘faciunt’, alias ‘discedunt’, ut “illa hinc facessat”.

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrribvs'''}} pro ‘in turribus’.

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#45|46.]]}} {{sc|'''tardvm agmen'''}} peditum dicit, qui equitum comparatione tardi sunt.

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#45|47.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbi'''}} Troiae, quam fecerat Aeneas castrorum in morem.

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#45|48.]]}} {{sc|'''macvlis qvem thracivs albis'''}} figura: maculas albas habens. et nove albas maculas dixit, cum proprie macularum haec sit natura, ut obscuritate sua album aliquid infuscent.

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#45|49.]]}} {{sc|'''cristaqve tegit galea avrea rvbra'''}} pro ‘galea cristas habens rubras’. sed duo ablativi sunt et duo nominativi, quos metrica ratione discernimus; nam ‘rubra crista’ longae sunt ultimae, quia ablativi sunt casus. sane huius modi versus pessimi sunt.

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#50|51.]]}} {{sc|'''en ait'''}} eclipsis festinationis exprimendae gratia: quidquid enim addideris sensus admittet.

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#50|52.]]}} {{sc|'''principivm pvgnae'''}} hoc de Romana sollemnitate tractum est. cum enim volebant bellum indicere, pater patratus, hoc est princeps fetialium, proficiscebatur ad hostium fines, et praefatus quaedam sollemnia, clara voce dicebat se bellum indicere propter certas causas, aut quia socios laeserant, aut quia nec abrepta animalia nec obnoxios redderent. et haec clarigatio dicebatur a claritate vocis. post quam clarigationem hasta in eorum fines missa indicabatur iam pugnae principium. post tertium autem et tricesimum diem quam res repetissent ab hostibus, fetiales hastam mittebant. denique cum Pyrrhi temporibus adversum transmarinum hostem bellum Romani gesturi essent nec invenirent locum, ubi hanc sollemnitatem per fetiales indicendi belli celebrarent, dederunt operam, ut unus de Pyrrhi militibus caperetur, quem fecerunt in circo Flaminio locum emere, ut quasi in hostili loco ius belli indicendi implerent. denique in eo loco ante aedem Bellonae consecrata est columna. Varro in Caleno ita ait “duces cum primum hostilem agrum introituri erant, ominis causa prius hastam in eum agrum mittebant, ut castris locum caperent”. ergo bene hoc poeta de more Romano tractum Turno utpote duci dedit. sed in hac consuetudine fetialis, qui bellum indicebat, antequam hastam iaceret, etiam terram hostium contestabatur: unde quidam volunt Aenean scientem quod bellum gesturus esset, sicut a sibylla cognoverat, ubi ad Italiae partem debitam venit, primum adorasse terram, ut “geniumque loci primamque deorum Tellurem”.

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#50|53.]]}} {{sc|'''clamorem excipivnt socii'''}} legitur et ‘clamore’. si ‘clamore’, sensus erit talis: hastae iactum socii clamore comitantur; si ‘clamorem’, intellegimus Turni eos clamorem excepisse et cum fremitu eum secutos esse, id est excipiunt clamorem Turni et cum fremitu eum sequuntur.

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#50|54.]]}} {{sc|'''inertia corda'''}} non re vera, sed sicut hostibus videbatur.

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#55|56.]]}} {{sc|'''arma viros'''}} vehementius ‘viros’ pronuntiandum. {{sc|'''castra fovere'''}} veteres ‘fovere’ pro ‘diu incolere’ vel ‘habitare’ dicebant.

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#55|57.]]}} {{sc|'''aditvmqve per avia qvaerit'''}} etiam per avia. sane exprimitur Turni violentia; nam viam per avia nullus requirit.

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#55|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ad cavlas'''}} munimenta et saepta ovium. est enim Graecum nomen ‘c’ detracto: nam Graeci {{grc|''αὐλάς''}} vocant animalium receptacula. unde in sacris aedibus et in tribunalibus saepta, quae turbas prohibent, caulas vocamus.

{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''nocte svper media'''}} ultra mediam noctem, id est plus quam media, vel maiore eius parte. et est bona elocutio, facta per syllepsin, ut si dicas ‘legi nocte super media’, id est ultra mediam noctem; nulla enim syllepsis est, quae non et casum mutet, et egeat subauditione, ut “hanc ego nunc ignaram huius quodcumque pericli”.

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#60|61.]]}} {{sc|'''inprobvs ira'''}} non ‘ira inprobus’, sed ‘ira saevit’: totum autem summa brevitate narratum.

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#60|62.]]}} {{sc|'''saevit in absentes'''}} fantasiam saevitiae expressit, qua lupi sic circa caulas fremunt, ut in ipsis animalibus solent.

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#60|63.]]}} {{sc|'''ex longo rabies'''}} absoluta elocutio, ut si dicas ‘ille fame fatigatur ex longo’. {{sc|'''sangvine'''}} pro ‘a sanguine’.

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#65|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et qva via clavsos'''}} ‘qua’ adverbium loci est, non pronomen: nam non stat versus, si ‘via’ septimus sit, non nominativus. ergo ‘qua via’ per quam partem via vallo Troianos excutiat. legitur tamen ‘et quae via’, et est sensus absolutior.

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#65|67.]]}} {{sc|'''effvndat in aeqvvm'''}} in planum, in campum.

{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''invadit sociosqve incendia poscit ovantes'''}} hysteroproteron, ut aviditatem iuvenis ostenderet. ‘incendia’ autem pro materia, ex qua incendia sequuntur: et videtur eventum posuisse.

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#70|72.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero'''}} ut signum incendendarum navium datum est.

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#70|73.]]}} {{sc|'''facibvs pvbes accingitvr atris'''}} pro ‘ad faces accingitur’, ut sit dativus, ut “accingunt omnes operi”: aut ‘accingitur’ armatur, instruitur facibus.

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#70|74.]]}} {{sc|'''diripvere focos'''}} quaeritur, quid ibi faciant foci. sed in carminibus quaedam nec ad subtilitatem nec ad veritatem exigenda sunt. aut certe ‘focos’, quos ibi habere potuerunt. {{sc|'''picevm fert fvmida lvmen'''}} sordidior enim in taedis et ignis et fumus est.

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#75|76.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis devs o mvsae'''}} quia res deorum est et ardua, ideo per se eam non potest dicere. hic autem gloria Turni latenter ostenditur, cuius vis nisi a numinibus repelli non potuit. {{sc|'''tevcris'''}} aut detraxit praepositionem ‘ab’, ut sit ‘ab Teucris’; aut ‘Teucris’ in honorem salutemque Teucrorum incendia classibus avertit.

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#75|78.]]}} {{sc|'''prisca fides facto sed fama perennis'''}} omnis antiquitas difficile pura et incorrupta manat in posteros. hoc enim dicit: factum hoc licet priscum sit, id est antiquum, tamen fama eius non est oblitterata temporis vetustate. alii sic intellegunt: fabulosum est quidem, sed fides eius rei penes priscos est: eius enim rei, cuius auctorem facere noluit, sic ordinem protulit. alii: iam quidem evanuit fides, hoc est nemo credit factum, adhuc tamen fama vivit et dicitur. ‘prisca’ autem ‘fides’ {{grc|''ἀξιοπιστία''}}, quasi non sit facta historia.

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#75|79.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}} hoc est ‘in initio’; non enim secundo factae sunt naves apud Idam ab Aenea. {{sc|'''formabat'''}} id est formare cogitabat; non enim in Ida, sed apud Antandrum factae sunt. et bene {{sc|'''phrygia in'''}} IDA, quia et in Creta est alia Ida, ut “mons Idaeus ubi et gentis cunabula nostrae”.

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''alta pelagi'''}} absolutum est, ut ‘lata camporum’.

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#80|81.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa devm fertvr genetrix'''}} figmentum hoc licet poeticum sit, tamen quia exemplo caret, notatur a criticis: unde longo prooemio excusatur. nam ideo et prisca ratione religionis et Iovis beneficio dicit esse perfectum, ut naves mutarentur in nymphas, quo vel aliqua ex parte possit esse verisimile. sane quidam ‘fertur’ reprehendunt, quod dicendo auctoritatem rei detraxerit. alii laudant, quod dicendo ‘fertur’ incredibili rei auctoritatem dare noluerit. {{sc|'''berecyntia'''}} mater deum a monte Phrygiae Berecynto, cuius ultima syllaba caret aspiratione, quam addimus quotiens montem Deli Cynthum dicimus. est autem tenuis ista discretio, quibus nominibus subtrahi debet aspiratio: nam ecce Ripaei, montes Arcadiae, non scribuntur cum aspiratione: quam addimus cum Riphaeos, montes Scythiae, significamus.

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#80|82.]]}} {{sc|'''da nate petenti'''}} ac si diceret, ei quae iubere debuerat. et dicendo ‘nate’ et ‘parens’ iteratione auxit adfectum.

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#80|83.]]}} {{sc|'''domito te poscit olympo'''}} videtur hoc dicere: praesta ei, cuius beneficio servatus ad Olympi regna venisti. Saturnus enim cum omnes consumeret filios, Iovem solum esse non potuit, celatum matris auxilio. ‘domito’ ergo ‘Olympo’ in tuas scilicet leges per beneficium meum mundo redacto. sane haec narratio tertii libri erat, sed dilata est, ut hic oportunius redderetur, aut ne bis idem diceretur: potest ergo aut {{grc|''κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον''}} videri, aut hysteroproteron.

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#80|84.]]}} {{sc|'''pinea silva mihi'''}} congrue: nam pinus in tutela est matris deum.

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''in arce fvit svmma'''}} hoc est apud Gargara, quae dicta sunt quasi cara caros, id est caput capitis, altitudinis altitudo: cara est enim {{grc|''κεφαλή''}}. Gargara autem sunt montis Idae cacumina, propter quod dixit ‘in arce summa’. sane et hic locum sacratum ostendit. et ‘pinea silva lucus fuit’ tale schema est ut “nec tamen interea raucae, tua cura, palumbes” feminino plurali femininum singulare iungitur, item neutrum singulare, ut “ite meae, quondam felix pecus, ite capellae”, aut duobus femininis pluralibus masculinum singulare, ut “Iraeque Insidiaeque, dei comitatus”. {{sc|'''qvo sacra ferebant'''}} non addit qui, sed intellegimus Phrygas: item “centum urbes habitant magnas”, id est Cretes. et bene arbores consecravit quibus inmortalitatem petitura est.

{{ancora+|86|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#85|86.]]}} {{sc|'''nigranti picea'''}} ‘nigranti’ umbrosa. et ‘picea’ arboris genus est, unde pix desudat. harum autem secundum Plinium quinque sunt species, sicut etiam supra diximus.

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#85|87.]]}} {{sc|'''has ego'''}} non ‘trabes’, nam de acere naves non fiunt: unde melius arbores intellegimus, referentes ad piceas vel pinos. sane notandum trabes eum dixisse de arboribus, cum non dicantur trabes, nisi iam caesae et compositae. abutitur ergo eo quod posterius est pro eo quod est prius. {{sc|'''classis egeret'''}} pro ‘classe’, genetivus pro ablativo. et iusta Aeneae petitio, et concedentis benignitas numinis exclusit piaculum: nam his remotis sacrilegium committeretur. ideo addidit ‘laeta dedi’.

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#85|88.]]}} {{sc|'''timor anxivs'''}} aut perpetuum est timoris epitheton: aut certe verum timorem voluit significare, ut separaret ab eo qui ex cupiditate nascitur prosperorum, ut “exultantiaque haurit corda pavor pulsans”.

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#85|89.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvs'''}} id est meos.

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#90|91.]]}} {{sc|'''prosit nostris in montibvs ortas'''}} bona brevitate detraxit et ‘his’ et ‘esse’; nam plenum est ‘prosit his ortas esse in montibus nostris’: quod fecit elocutionis causa. sane hic ostendit quod supra arcem dixit pro monte. et bene ‘ortas’, ut sensum quendam navibus daret, verbum de origine commoda.

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#90|92.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet qvi s. m.'''}} aut sustinet, aut nutu suo regit.

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#90|93.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo fata trahis'''}} ostendit fata posse aliquatenus trahi, non tamen usquequaque. hinc enim dicit ‘quo’, id est ad quam rem. {{sc|'''petis istis'''}} id est pro istis; nam sic dicimus ‘peto tibi’, id est pro te. aut ‘istis’ utrum precibus, an navibus?

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''fas habeant'''}} ius; nec enim possunt aeterna esse quae ab hominibus facta sunt: Horatius “debemur morti nos nostraque”. nam sicut animi facta inmortalia sunt, ita corporis pereunt: Sallustius “ceterum studia omnia nostra, sicuti anima, inmortalia sunt”. {{sc|'''certvsqve incerta pericvla lvstret aeneas'''}} securus dubia temptet. et hoc dicit: casibus licentiam haec petitio vult adimere. nam Aeneas sorte qua homo est, navigationis debet timere periculum: quod perit, si eius navibus aeternitas detur.

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#95|96.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi tanta deo permissa potestas'''}} ‘cui’ ac si diceret ‘ne regi quidem deorum’. ‘permissa’ autem data, ut hoc possit praestare.

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#95|97.]]}} {{sc|'''defvnctae'''}} liberatae, ut “o tandem magnis pelagi defuncte periclis”. {{sc|'''portvsqve tenebvnt'''}} nautico usus est verbo, cum de navibus diceret.

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#95|98.]]}} {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} hic ostendit aliquas esse perituras. {{sc|'''evaserit vndis'''}} de undis exierit, cum venerit ad eum locum, de quo navigatura iam non sit. alii legunt ‘evaserit undas’; quod si est, intellegimus ‘quaecumque evaserit undarum periculum’.

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalem eripiam formam'''}} bene dixit ‘mortalem’: nec enim potest fieri ut eadem res et mortalis sit et inmortalis; sed ut sit inmortalis, ante est ut desinat esse mortalis.

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#100|101.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis nereia doto'''}} non dixit ‘tales erunt’: sic supra “qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram taurus”.

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#100|104.]]}} {{sc|'''per pice torrentes'''}} ardentes: et est figmentum poeticum.

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm nvtv tremefecit olympvm'''}} Homericum est {{grc|''μέγαν δ᾽ ἐλέλιξεν Ὄλυμπον''}}.

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#105|106.]]}} {{sc|'''aderat promissa dies'''}} promissum tempus advenerat.

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#105|107.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrni inivria'''}} scilicet, quam inferebat. et modo ‘iniuria’ est {{grc|''ἀδίκημα''}}, id est iniustitia. hinc est apud comicos iniurius qui audet aliquid contra ordinem iuris. et bene ‘iniuria’, quia et contra necessitatem fati, quod Troianos ad Italiam venire conpulerat, et contra rationem foederis bella commoverat. alii ‘iniuria’ violentia accipiunt.

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#105|109.]]}} {{sc|'''nova lvx'''}} hoc est repentina, id est nimbus deorum: quod ipse paulo post dicit. in secundo “nimbo effulgens”. et hic ‘lux’ proprie, aliter postea “continuo nova lux oculis effulsit”.

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''nimbvs'''}} lumen, quod capita deorum ambit.

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#110|113.]]}} {{sc|'''ne trepidate'''}} pro ‘ne festinetis’. et per hoc significatur ideo ad navium defensionem egressos non esse Troianos, quia numen vetavit.

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam sacras dabitvr pinvs'''}} fabula talis est: Attis, puer speciosus, cum matris magnae praeesset sacris, a rege civitatis suae adamatus est; sed cum intellegeret vim sibi a rege instare, clam in silvas profugit. cum ergo inventus vim sibi videret inferri, verenda stupratoris abscidit, qui moriens eandem ipsam partem corporis puero abscidit. quem semianimem sub pinu latentem cum invenissent antistites matris magnae, perlatum in templum deae frustra conati reficere, defunctum sepelierunt. cuius ut perpetua maneret memoria, mater magna instituit, ut quotannis in sacris suis plangeretur, pinumque arborem, sub qua iacuerat, tutelae suae adscripsit, et effecit ut cultores sui viriles sibi partes amputarent, qui archigalli appellantur.

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#115|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ite deae pelagi'''}} alii hucusque volunt matrem deum locutam: prope enim videtur absurdum ipsam indicare quae sit, cum iam nymphis et audientibus utique et videntibus dicat. alii iungunt ‘genetrix iubet’: et putatur melius, quia postea ait “quas alma Cybebe numen habere maris nymphasque e navibus esse iusserat”.

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#120|121.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvere animi rvtvlis'''}} hoc est Rutulorum; dativus pro genetivo. {{sc|'''obstipvere rvtvli'''}} timuerunt ergo Rutuli, timuit Messapus, numinis marini filius, qui utique fiducia patris et sui nihil ex mari timere debuerit, vel certe “quem neque fas igni cuiquam nec sternere ferro”; timuit Tiberis. per hos autem gradus, id est Rutuli, Messapus, amnis, maior Turni designatur audacia. tale est et in quarto “at non infelix animi Phoenissa”.

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#120|122.]]}} {{sc|'''et amnis ravca sonans'''}} licet antiquitas habuerit ‘hic’ et ‘haec amnis’, melius tamen est accipere ‘rauca sonans’ pro ‘rauce’, quam ‘rauca amnis’.

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#120|123.]]}} {{sc|'''revocatqve pedem tiberinvs ab alto'''}} nunc ipsum deum territum dixit: supra, undas fuisse perterritas et in se repressas.

{{ancora+|124|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#120|124.]]}} {{sc|'''avdaci tvrno'''}} ecce ubi confirmat epitheton, quod Turno semper inponit. et hoc colore futuram orationem ostendit.

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''animos tollit dictis'''}} magnanimitatem suam, quia ipse non terreatur, conprobat dictis. tale est et illud e contrario “turbatumque oculis”. potest tamen accipi, eorum animos tollit, qui erant territi: et hinc ‘increpat’.

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#125|126.]]}} {{sc|'''troianos haec monstra petvnt'''}} id est appetunt, hoc est ad Troianorum pertinet damnum, ut “reginam petit”. {{sc|'''ivppiter ipse'''}} scilicet qui omnibus praestare consuevit: unde et Iuppiter dictus est, quasi iuvans pater. ergo ‘auxilium solitum’ non circa Troianos accipimus, sed quod ipse omnibus praestare consuevit. alii ‘auxilium solitum’ auxilium fugae accipiunt.

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#125|127.]]}} {{sc|'''non tela neqve ignes exspectant rvtvlos'''}} non expectant Troiani ut Rutulorum telis aut ignibus pereant, qui iam navium amissione perierunt.

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#125|128.]]}} {{sc|'''maria invia tevcris'''}} color est: nam rem quam pro se Troiani putabant, in contrarium vertit, dicens navigationis et fugae auxilium perdidisse Troianos, quos constat pro felicitate habuisse navigationis vitare discrimina.

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#125|129.]]}} {{sc|'''rervm pars altera adempta'''}} id est naturae rerum. {{sc|'''rervm pars altera dempta'''}} humanae enim naturae duo elementa concessa sunt, mare et terra.

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#130|131.]]}} {{sc|'''nil me fatalia terrent'''}} nihil pro ‘non’. et tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, dicens: si fataliter se ad Italiam venisse dicunt, iam venerunt, completa sunt fata. et callide tacuit quod erat fatale: Troiani enim dicebant Italiae sibi regna deberi. et est oratorium quaestiones ita proponere, ut facile solutionis sortiantur eventum.

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#130|132.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva phryges prae se iactant'''}} ‘iactant’, quasi et ista confingant. aut ‘prae se iactant’ prae se ferunt.

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#130|133.]]}} {{sc|'''tetigere qvod arva'''}} quaestio est, an superare possint qui sorte venerint. et, sicut supra dictum est, per concessionem argumentatur: etiam si vera sint quae iactant, tamen iam completa sunt ‘tetigere quod arva fertilis Ausoniae Troes’.

{{ancora+|134|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#130|134.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et mea contra fata mihi'''}} hoc falsum est quod dicit Turnus. sed in arte rhetorica tunc nobis conceditur uti mendacio, cum redarguere nullus potest, ut hoc loco est: quis enim vere potest scire, Turno data sint, necne, responsa? sane quia scit falsum esse quod dixit, argumentis probare dicta contendit, dicens esse sceleratam gentem, raptam sibi coniugem: in quo facto utitur Graecorum exemplo, qui rapta Helena gentem delevere Troianam.

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#135|136.]]}} {{sc|'''conivge praerepta'''}} invidiose sponsam coniugem vocat. {{sc|'''nec solos tangit atridas iste dolor'''}} cur non in similitudine criminis sit poenae similitudo? si culpa repetitur, supplicia quoque geminentur.

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#135|138.]]}} {{sc|'''periisse semel satis est'''}} quasi obiectio est, ut si dicatur: sed periisse semel satis est, immo vero semel satis fuit eos peccasse: ex quo colligitur quotiens peccaverunt, totiens eos perire debere.

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#135|139.]]}} {{sc|'''penitvs modo non genvs omne perosos feminevm'''}} modo omne genus femineum non eos penitus perosos decebat, propter quod ante perierunt. locutus est autem figurate.

{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''medii fidvcia valli'''}} quod inter Troianos Rutulosque sit medium. et bene de muris nihil dixit.

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#140|141.]]}} {{sc|'''fossarvmqve morae'''}} non tutela, sed mortis dilatio.

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#140|142.]]}} {{sc|'''an non vidervnt'''}} legitur et ‘at non viderunt’: si ‘an non’, absolutum est; si ‘at non’, inceptiva est particula, ad ornatum pertinens: Horatius “at o deorum quidquid in caelo regit”. tale est “at non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor”. et est exemplum a maiore ad minus, hoc est: at, credo, non viderunt Neptuni manu fabricata moenia conflagrasse, ut fiduciam vitae in exiguo vallo et parva fossa habeant.

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#140|144.]]}} {{sc|'''lecti ferro'''}} utrum ‘ad ferrum lecti’, an potius ‘acie lecti’, ut si dixisset ‘virtute lecti’. {{sc|'''vallvm'''}} historice locutus est. vallum autem dicitur ipsa munitio; nam valli fustes sunt, quibus vallum munitur: ipse de sustentaculis vitium “primus vallos sub tecta referto”.

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''trepidantia castra'''}} ut “turbata arripe castra”.

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#145|146.]]}} {{sc|'''non armis mihi vvlcani'''}} bene arma generaliter dixit: nam et ipse habuit a Vulcano, sed solum gladium, ut “ensem, quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda”. per hoc autem quasi latenter dicit se Achille esse meliorem, qui se Troianos etiam sine divinis armis superare posse confidit.

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#145|147.]]}} {{sc|'''addant se protinvs omnes'''}} ne timere videatur auxiliorum multitudinem, dicit incrementa esse victoriae. quidam ‘protinus’ hic pro ‘licet’ accipiunt.

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#150|151.]]}} {{sc|'''lvce palam'''}} propter tenebras et furta inertia. vel ‘luce’, quod Ilium nocte captum est: ‘palam’, quia insidiis.

{{ancora+|153|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#150|153.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos distvlit hector'''}} bene solius Hectoris facta est commemoratio, ut ostendatur perisse eum, qui potuit esse terrori: per quod vult Aenean nihil fortiter in bello fecisse Troiano. et satis Hectori dedit, quasi plus esset differre, quam vincere.

{{ancora+|154|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#150|154.]]}} {{sc|'''melior qvoniam pars acta diei'''}} id est maior et prima. an quoniam diei hoc optimum, quod matutinum?

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''bene gestis corpora rebvs'''}} in eo tantum, quod hostes non ausi sunt egredi: nam nihil egerant. ergo hortativa est oratio ad socios, ut audaciores esse debeant, cum videant se timeri.

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#155|156.]]}} {{sc|'''procvrate'''}} verbum conpositum, id est curate. {{sc|'''pvgnam sperate parari'''}} scilicet contra Troianos, non a Troianis, ne videatur contra supra dicta omnia nunc sociis inferre terrorem. ergo a me parari sperate, id est pugnaturos vos scitote, licet hostes muris se teneant, ut “arma parate animis et spe praesumite bellum”.

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#155|157.]]}} {{sc|'''vigilvm excvbiis'''}} excubiae diurnae sunt, vigiliae nocturnae.

{{ancora+|160|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#160|160.]]}} {{sc|'''centeni qvemqve secvti'''}} centurionum scilicet, ex more Romanae militiae: nam ex numero militum qui eos sequuntur, gradus dignitatis apparet.

{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#160|161.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreis cristis ivvenes'''}} hic versus per figuratum ablativum prolatus est.

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#160|162.]]}} {{sc|'''variantqve vices'''}} ut invicem potent.

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#160|163.]]}} {{sc|'''indvlgent vino'''}} ablativus casus est, et deest ‘sibi’, ni figuratum est. {{sc|'''indvlgent vino'''}}] ex fiducia scilicet: sequitur “cernis quae Rutulos habeat fiducia”. {{sc|'''vertvnt crateras aenos'''}} potantes exhauriunt. et est hemistichium Ennianum.

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#160|164.]]}} {{sc|'''cvstodia'''}} nomen ambiguum, sed modo ‘quae custodit’.

{{ancora+|166|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#165|166.]]}} {{sc|'''e vallo'''}} pro muro. {{sc|'''armis alta tenent'''}} bona elocutio, id est armati tenent alta, hoc est muros. ‘tenent’ autem custodiunt.

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#165|167.]]}} {{sc|'''trepidi formidine'''}} festini per formidinem: nam non est iteratio.

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#165|168.]]}} {{sc|'''explorant'''}} confirmant. {{sc|'''pontesqve'''}} qui fiunt in muris angustioribus, ut sit facilior transitus ad divisas muri partes. {{sc|'''propvgnacvla'''}} pilas murorum.

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#170|171.]]}} {{sc|'''rectores ivvenvm'''}} legitur et ‘iuveni’: si ‘iuveni’, Ascanio; si ‘iuvenum’, magistros militum accipe.

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#170|172.]]}} {{sc|'''sortita periclvm'''}} aut sorte divisa ad defensionem pericli: aut par timens periculum, quod quisque experiretur.

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#170|173.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod cviqve tvendvm est'''}} exercet unusquisque vices ad id quod accipit tuendum.

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''ida venatrix'''}} a plerisque Ida mater Nisi accipitur, quia dixit ‘venatrix’: nam si montem volueris accipere, abusive Idam venatricem dictam intellege, pro ‘venationibus abundantem’: nam ‘venatrix’ est proprie quae venatur, non quae venationibus abundat. aut ‘venatrix’ pro his qui in ea venantur, ut “domitrixque Epidaurus equorum”.

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#175|176.]]}} {{sc|'''iacvlo celerem'''}} bene inducit Nisum optimum esse iaculatorem, et hanc praemittit armorum peritiam, qua plurimum poterit in Euryali defensione.

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#175|178.]]}} {{sc|'''troiana neqve indvit arma'''}} hoc est qui nondum bellicosa arma induerat, id est acceperat. et hoc dicit: pulcher quidem erat, sed nondum bellandi peritus.

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#175|179.]]}} {{sc|'''prima ivventa'''}} num prima lanugine? {{sc|'''intonsa'''}} hoc ad sua tempora rettulit; alioquin heroes non tondebantur.

{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''amor vnvs erat'''}} id est eodem studio flagrabant. {{sc|'''pariterqve in bella rvebant'''}} aut simul, aut similiter et pari virtute, id est aeque fortes erant.

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#180|182.]]}} {{sc|'''dine hvnc ardorem mentibvs addvnt evryale an s. c. d. f. d. c.'''}} apud Plotinum philosophum et alios quaeritur, utrum mentis nostrae acies per se ad cupiditates et consilia moveatur, an inpulsu alicuius numinis? et primo dixerunt, mentes humanas moveri sua sponte; deprehenderunt tamen ad omnia honesta inpelli nos genio et numine quodam familiari, quod nobis nascentibus datur, prava vero nostra mente nos cupere et desiderare: nec enim potest fieri ut prava numinum voluntate cupiamus, quibus nihil malum constat placere. unde nunc hic ortus est sensus: hoc enim dicit Nisus: o Euryale, dine nostris mentibus cupiditates iniciunt et desideria, an deus fit ipsa mentis cupiditas? {{sc|'''mentibvs'''}} vero {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene dixit ‘addunt’: nam animus sui natura prudens est, sed ei additur ut aliquid inpatienter desideret. non nulli tamen inter cupiditatem et cupidinem hanc differentiam esse volunt, ut masculino genere Cupidinem deum ipsum, id est {{grc|''τὸν Ἔρωτα''}} significemus, feminino cupiditatem: quamvis hoc auctores plerumque confundunt.

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#180|183.]]}} {{sc|'''dira'''}} magna.

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#180|184.]]}} {{sc|'''aliqvid magnvm'''}} scilicet per hostes transitum.

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''agitat'''}} molitur. {{sc|'''qviete'''}} modo otio, non somno; nam in vigiliis fuerat collocatus. qui enim custos est de insomnio suo queri non potest.

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#185|186.]]}} {{sc|'''cernis qvae rvtvlos habeat fidvcia rervm'''}} ipsius desiderii vult esse rationabiles causas, ne vanum mens agitare videatur: nam et neglegentia hostium per fiduciam nimiam ostenditur, et occasio dabatur aliquid strenue gerendi.

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#185|187.]]}} {{sc|'''somno vinoqve sepvlti'''}} alterum pendet ex altero. et ‘sepulti’ quasi sine pulsu et nihil sentientes.

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#185|188.]]}} {{sc|'''porro'''}} hortantis est: aut num coniunctio expletiva?.

{{ancora+|189|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#185|189.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid dvbitem'''}} id est cogitem: omnis enim cogitatio in dubitatione est ante sententiam.

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlvsqve patresqve'''}} transfert in Troianos Romanam consuetudinem, ut solet plerumque: prius enim iubebat aliquid populus, postea confirmabat senatus.

{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#190|191.]]}} {{sc|'''reportent'''}} portent: nam ‘re’ vacat. aut †ab eo reportare.

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#190|192.]]}} {{sc|'''si tibi qvae posco promittvnt'''}} poscere est secundum Varronem quotiens aliquid pro merito nostro deposcimus, petere vero est cum aliquid humiliter et cum precibus postulamus. et bene quod Euryalum nolit ducere latenter ostendit: nam ideo adiecit ‘mihi facti fama sat est’.

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#190|193.]]}} {{sc|'''svb illo'''}} pro ‘ex illo’: praepositionem mutavit.

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#190|194.]]}} {{sc|'''moenia pallantea'''}} ubi nunc credit esse Aenean.

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#195|196.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentem'''}} modo ardentem, ut “ardet amans Dido”: an festinantem? ut “instant ardentes Tyrii”: an cupiditate caedis flagrantem? ut “ardet in arma magis”: an propter illud quod ipse dicit ‘dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt’ et deinde ‘aut pugnam aut aliquid iamdudum invadere magnum’.

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#195|197.]]}} {{sc|'''svmmis adivngere rebvs'''}} ‘summum’ et extremum dicimus et laudabile. bene ergo in re dubia sermone usus est dubio; nam hoc dicit: non debes me nec a tua gloria nec a periculis segregare.

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#195|199.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor bellis adsvetvs'''}} ipse puer est necdum probatus: unde se et a belli temporibus et a patris virtute commendat.

{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''argolicvm terrorem'''}} quem Graeci inferebant. {{sc|'''troiaeqve labores'''}} bene {{grc|''κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον''}} annos Euryali ostendit: nam si a coepto Troiano bello, quod decennium tenuit, septem anni erroris addantur, anni vix decem et septem sunt. est ergo aetas paene ad bellum inhabilis; sed exercitium ostenditur, quod inter bella nutritus est.

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#200|201.]]}} {{sc|'''svblatvm'''}} susceptum.

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#200|202.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm aenean et fata extrema secvtvs'''}} ideo secutus, non ut vitae studeam, sed gloriae.

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#200|203.]]}} {{sc|'''est hic est animvs'''}} ‘hic’ potest esse et adverbium demonstrantis, ut sit ‘est hic’, id est in meo pectore. potest et sic accipi, ut dicas: est hic animus lucis contemptor, hoc est iste animus. ergo ‘hic’ et produci potest et corripi.

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#200|204.]]}} {{sc|'''istvm qvi vita bene credat emi qvo tendis honorem'''}} qui istum honorem, quo tendis, id est ad quem niteris, libenter emat vita, id est vitae pretio.

{{ancora+|205|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#205|205.]]}} {{sc|'''nil tale verebar'''}} quale tu suspicaris.

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#205|206.]]}} {{sc|'''non'''}} distinguendum, ut initium iuris iurandi sit ‘ita me referat’. {{sc|'''referat tibi magnvs ovantem ivppiter'''}} mire ius iurandum conpositum; sic enim iurat, quasi relicturus eum, cum de virtutibus eius optime sentiat.

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#205|207.]]}} {{sc|'''haec'''}} humana negotia: vel quae loquitur.

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#205|208.]]}} {{sc|'''sed si qvis'''}} multas causas praetendit: primam ipsius pueri, secundam propter se, tertiam matris. et est parenthesis ‘quae multa vides discrimine tali’, hoc est quae multa, ut in tali discrimine, accidere posse intellegis.

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#210|211.]]}} {{sc|'''pretiove'''}} pro ‘vel’: ‘ve’ enim syllaba proprie ‘vel’ significat.

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#210|212.]]}} {{sc|'''mandet hvmo'''}} multi hic distinguunt; alii iungunt ‘mandet humo solita’; ut sit ‘commendet in terra’. ‘solita’ autem ‘fortuna’, quae piis invidere consuevit: Statius, hinc trahens colorem, ait “invida fata piis et fors ingentibus ausis rara comes”.

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#210|213.]]}} {{sc|'''absenti'''}} quem non sepelierit. {{sc|'''absenti ferat inferias'''}} hoc est cenotaphion faciat et inpleat honorem sepulcri. de inferiis autem plenius in quarto georgicorum invenies.

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#210|214.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} ad illum exitum, quem timet, retulit: an dolenter iam ‘miserae’, quae in hoc consilio filii periclitatur?

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''pver'''}} mire dissuadet dicendo ‘puer’. {{sc|'''e matribvs'''}} e nobilibus; nam matres non nisi nobiles dicimus: unde et matronae dictae sunt. scimus autem non omnes mulieres in Sicilia remansisse: nam legitur in XI. “et maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae”.

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#215|216.]]}} {{sc|'''nec moenia cvrat acestae'''}} id est nec tenetur desiderio Segestae civitatis.

{{ancora+|217|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#215|217.]]}} {{sc|'''ille avtem'''}} hunc locum esse interrupta oratione Nisi intellegimus.

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#215|219.]]}} {{sc|'''vigiles simvl excitat'''}} qui vigiliarum officium habebant, hoc est futuros vigiles; alioquin quomodo excitat? et totum iunctim legendum est, ut simul et dictum et factum videatur.

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''servantqve vices'''}} hic distinguendum est, alias sensus non procedit. {{sc|'''statione relicta'''}} hoc ad Nisum et Euryalum pertinet, ut sit sensus ‘statione relicta ipse comes Niso graditur’: quidam ‘servantque vices statione relicta’ pro ‘stationis relictae vices servant’ intellegi volunt, ut “et pulchra faciat te prole parentem”, hoc est pulchrae prolis.

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#220|221.]]}} {{sc|'''regemqve reqvirvnt'''}} id est regis filium, ut “magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem”.

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#220|222.]]}} {{sc|'''cetera per terras omnes'''}} exaggerat more suo vigilantum laborem.

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''consilivm svmmis regni de rebvs habebant'''}} ‘summis’ utrum maximis, an quod putabant eas in extremo sitas? et est Lucilii versus uno tantum sermone mutato; nam ille ait “consilium summis hominum de rebus habebant”.

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#225|226.]]}} {{sc|'''iam nvntivs esset'''}} ‘iam’ aut cito, ut festinandum sit et iam nuntiandum Aeneae nec differendum: aut cum nullum invenirent, ad desperationem, quasi nemo esset iam, qui posset audere.

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#225|227.]]}} {{sc|'''adnixi hastis'''}} mira facies consilii: in rebus dubiis non sedent, sed stant. {{sc|'''adnixi hastis'''}} ostendit iam eos diurna statione fatigatos. quod autem stant et Romani moris est et bellicae necessitatis. hunc autem standi habitum et Sallustius commemorat, ut “fessi arma sua quisque stantes incumbere”.

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#225|228.]]}} {{sc|'''castrorvm et campi medio'''}} in medio campi spatio, qui campus castrorum medius fuit. {{sc|'''castrorvm et campi medio'''}}] quia in mediis castris principia sunt semper. et bene ‘campi medio’, quam ‘campo medio’: tunc enim ‘campo medio’, cum aliquot campi sunt et unus est medius campus, ‘campi’ autem ‘medio’ in media parte unius campi.

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#225|229.]]}} {{sc|'''alacres'''}} concitati: Terentius “quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?” {{sc|'''admittier orant'''}} hoc verbo ostendit olim et apud reges admissionum fuisse officium.

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''rem magnam pretivmqve morae fore'''}} dicebant se adferre rem magnam, cuius mora pretium posset adferre, id est poenam: Terentius “ego pretium ob stultitiam fero”: ut sit sensus, si tardius mittamus ad Aenean, luemus hostibus poenas. alii sic intellegunt: scimus quidem adventum nostrum moram vestris adferre consiliis, verum huius morae erit pretium, id est remuneratio: namque hoc offerebant quod illi cogitabant, ut diximus supra ‘quisve Aeneae iam nuntius esset'? alii deesse putant ‘adfirmantes’, ut sit sensus, adfirmantes rem magnam futuram et multum illos consecuturos, si audiendi se moram pertulissent. alii, qui pretium pro poena dicunt positum, ita tradunt, eos anxios tam diu super rebus dubiis futuros, quam diu se non admiserint ad loquendum.

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#230|231.]]}} {{sc|'''accepit trepidos'''}} festinos, more suo. ergo per metalepsin cupidos dixit {{grc|''ἀγωνιῶντας''}}: non enim possumus timentes accipere, quod festinabant.

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#230|233.]]}} {{sc|'''neve haec nostris spectentvr ab annis'''}} bene excusat, quia scit de aetate puerorum posse dubitari, dicens non ex suggerentum persona, in qua est maior auctoritas, sed sua vi consilia ponderanda. ‘spectentur’ autem aestimentur.

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#230|234.]]}} {{sc|'''rvtvli somno vinoqve sepvlti'''}} occasio prius narratur, sic consilium, ut necessario ad id quod nuntiat, veniat.

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''locvm insidiis conspeximvs ipsi'''}} ordo est ‘locum conspeximus, qui insidiis patet’. ‘ipsi’ autem ad fidem pertinet: qui enim rem tantam nuntiat, debet firma auctoritate contendere. et communicat cum socio quod solus conspexit.

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#235|236.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi patet in bivio'''}} necessarie signa addidit. {{sc|'''portae qvae proxima ponto'''}} apparet, ut et supra diximus, castra Troiana in Ostiensi fuisse, siquidem nullus alter locus in Laurolavinati hinc fluvio cohaeret, hinc pelago: et nunc dicit ‘portae quae proxima ponto’, item paulo post dicturus est “murorum in parte sinistra opposuere aciem: nam dextera cingitur amni”.

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#235|237.]]}} {{sc|'''interrvpti ignes'''}} supra aliter “lumina rara micant”. {{sc|'''fvmvs erigitvr'''}} signum est sopitorum ignium quotiens maior fumus erigitur.

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#235|238.]]}} {{sc|'''fortvna'''}} occasione ad inquirendum Aenean. alii hunc ordinem volunt ‘si fortuna permittitis uti, mox hic cum spoliis, ingenti caede peracta, adfore cernetis. nec nos via fallit euntes quaesitum Aenean et moenia Pallantea’.

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#235|239.]]}} {{sc|'''qvaesitvm'''}} ut quaeramus.

{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm spoliis'''}} hinc est quod supra Euryalo dixit “me referat tibi magnus ovantem Iuppiter”, respiciens ad id quod posset fortiter facere.

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#240|241.]]}} {{sc|'''nec nos via fallit'''}} bene ubique cuncta cum amico communicat.

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#240|242.]]}} {{sc|'''obscvris primam svb vallibvs vrbem'''}} nos in obscuris vallibus positi vidimus primam urbem, hoc est primam partem urbis; nam Palatium in monte est, non in vallibus.

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#240|243.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm amnem'''}} hoc est regionem amnis.

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#240|244.]]}} {{sc|'''annis gravis atqve animi matvrvs aletes'''}} Sallustius de Philippo “qui aetate et consilio ceteros anteibat”.

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#245|246.]]}} {{sc|'''non tamen omnino tevcros delere paratis'''}} ac si diceret: licet irascamini ad tempus, hinc tamen apparet non velle vos penitus delere Troianos, quod tales animos nostris iuvenibus datis.

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#245|247.]]}} {{sc|'''certa'''}} hoc loco firma vel fortia.

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#245|248.]]}} {{sc|'''vmeros dextrasqve tenebat amborvm'''}} hoc ad adfectum retulit; nec enim simul fieri potest. intellegimus autem quod et singulos, et membratim amplectebatur.

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#245|249.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltvm lacrimis atqve ora rigabat'''}} poetice iunxit, et modo unum significant: est autem iteratio. interdum recipiunt discretionem; nam os est naturaliter facies, quam habemus; vultus vero, quem pro motu animi ad tempus formamus.

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''pro lavdibvs'''}} id est virtutibus: ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, ut “primam merui qui laude coronam”.

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#250|252.]]}} {{sc|'''di moresqve dabvnt vestri'''}} Ciceronis est, tractum de philosophia, qui dicunt sufficere ad gloriam bene facti conscientiam: scit enim poeta nihil esse maius, quam quod vel a diis meruerimus vel moribus.

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#250|253.]]}} {{sc|'''actvtvm'''}} confestim, sine dilatione: et est adverbium temporis. {{sc|'''integer aevi'''}} ‘integri aevi’, figurate: id est adulescens, cui aetas integra superest, unde Ennius “deos aevi integros” dicit quibus multum aevi superest. et bono omine ad pericula pergentibus etiam per Ascanium praemium pollicetur: longiorem enim eis vitam promittit, si ea exspectent quae Ascanius dare maior possit.

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#250|254.]]}} {{sc|'''meriti'''}} praestiti, ut “merui quoque”, item “quique sui memores aliquos fecere merendo”.

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''immo ego vos'''}} pulchre poeta fidem sponsionis Aleti addidit, ut eum statim promissa Ascanii sequerentur. {{sc|'''vos'''}} autem {{sc|'''nise'''}} figurate, ut “vos, o Calliope”. {{sc|'''sola salvs'''}} vero, cui una est salus genitore reducto.

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#255|256.]]}} {{sc|'''excipit ascanivs'''}} id est subsequitur: et a poeta dictum est. {{sc|'''per magnos nise penates'''}} hoc est quod ait “penatibus et magnis dis”, id est quos Aeneas secum advexerat; nam ideo ait ‘Assaracique larem’, id est familiae nostrae vel generis proprium, vel quos nos Troiani praecipue colimus, de quibus ait “Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediis ex ignibus urbis extuleram”. qui tamen dii qui sint, a diversis varie traditur, sicut supra dictum est.

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#255|257.]]}} {{sc|'''canae vestae'''}} venerabilis, antiquissimae: ipsa enim antiquissima dea est, Terra.

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#255|258.]]}} {{sc|'''obtestor'''}} adiuro. et est ordo ‘immo ego, cui sola salus genitore reducto, vos obtestor per deos, revocate parentem’. {{sc|'''fortvna fidesqve est'''}} id est quicquid casu, quicquid consilio egero, vobis committam: nam per fidem consilia significat, per fortunam opes, imperium, cuiuslibet rei possibilitatem. alii sic tradunt: ‘fortuna’ ut possit, ‘fides’ ut velit promissa persolvere. alii ita: quantum habeo fortunae in vestris pono gremiis, doque fidem me ita animatum esse et sic sentire: ‘mihi’, inquit, ‘habeo coniunctam fortunam et fidem’. nam cum volumus ostendere quantum in nostra sit potestate, duo dicimus, fortunam et fidem: fortuna de nostris est possessionibus, fides quantum nobis creditur ab inimicis.

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''nihil illo triste recepto'''}} subaudis ‘erit’.

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#260|261.]]}} {{sc|'''argento perfecta'''}} id est tota argentea.

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#260|262.]]}} {{sc|'''devicta genitor qvae cepit arisba'''}} atqui secundum Homerum Arisba Troianis misit auxilia et ab Achille subversa est. sed accipimus, aut ante bellum Graecorum Arisbam a Troianis captam et in amicitiae foedus admissam: aut certe pocula haec data ab Heleno, qui in Achillis bona per Pyrrhi successerat hereditatem, ut sit ‘quae cepit’ pro ‘quae accepit’ devicta Arisba, scilicet ab Achille. dicta est Arisba ab Meropis vel Macarei filia, quam primum Paris in coniugio habuit. quidam ab Abante, qui Troica scripsit, relatum ferunt, post discessum a Troia Graecorum Astyanacti ibi datum regnum: hunc ab Antenore expulsum sociatis sibi finitimis civitatibus, inter quas et Arisba fuit: Aenean hoc aegre tulisse et pro Astyanacte arma cepisse, ac prospere gesta re, Astyanacti restituisse regnum. quod si ita est, merito eam Aeneas et vicisse et haec pocula inde cepisse memoratur.

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#260|263.]]}} {{sc|'''dvo magna talenta'''}} bene addidit ‘magna’, nam varium apud diversas gentes pondus est talenti: unde talentum potest et breve aliquid et magnum significare. nam ut supra diximus, secundum Plautum talentum septuaginta librarum est: qui cum dixisset deberi centum quadraginta libras, paulo post intulit duo talenta, per iocum dicens “debentur talenta tot, quot ego et tu sumus” (Mos. 644). item Homerus talentum breve quiddam ostendit, quippe quod accepit victus, cum victori levia data sint munera.

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#260|264.]]}} {{sc|'''cratera antiqvvm'''}} hoc est antiquo opere factum, ut ei pretium crescat ex tempore.

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''capere italiam'''}} obtinere.

{{ancora+|266|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#265|266.]]}} {{sc|'''dicere sortem'''}} statuere. alii proprie ‘ducere’ legunt, quod est sortium, ut “stat ductis sortibus urna”. alii ‘deicere’ legunt secundum illud “deiectamque aerea sortem accepit galea”, id est sortiri praedam.

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#265|267.]]}} {{sc|'''vidisti qvo tvrnvs eqvo'''}} melior oeconomia: Nisum noluit inducere postulantem equum Turni praemii loco, sed honestius facit ultro offerri, cum Homerus fecerit Dolonem Achillis currus inprobe postulantem.

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#265|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsvm illvm'''}} equum scilicet, cui ex pronomine addidit dignitatem.

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#265|269.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiam sorti'''}} extra sortem seponam, ut tibi dari possint, id est praeter sortem dabo. {{sc|'''iam nvnc'''}} aut ‘iam nunc excipiam’.

{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''matrvm'''}} cum dicit ‘matrum’, non solum sexum ostendit, sed etiam propter muneris laudem vult ostendere fecundas.

{{ancora+|271|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#270|271.]]}} {{sc|'''captivosqve dabit'''}} subaudiendum ‘bis sex’.

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#270|272.]]}} {{sc|'''insvper his'''}} super haec: est figurata elocutio, per dativum casum. {{sc|'''campi qvod rex habet ipse latinvs'''}} mos fuerat ut viris fortibus sive regibus pro honore daretur aliqua publici agri particula, ut habuit Tarquinius Superbus in campo Martio: quod spatium ab Homero {{grc|''τέμενος''}} dicitur. hoc ergo, quod Latinus pro honore de republica habuit, ab Ascanio intellegamus esse promissum.

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#270|274.]]}} {{sc|'''pectore toto'''}} omni adfectu. et est de proverbio: Cicero de legibus “nisi toto pectore amatur, ut dicitur”: cum enim dicit ‘ut dicitur’ ostendit proverbiale.

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#275|277.]]}} {{sc|'''rervm verborvmqve fides'''}} et rem publicam tibi committam et tecum omne communicabo consilium.

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#275|278.]]}} {{sc|'''contra qvem talia fatvr evryalvs'''}} cur cum duobus sit locutus Ascanius, et unus illi respondit, id est Euryalus, et minor? quia Euryalo et familiarius et posterius est locutus, dein quia Euryalus matrem commendare debeat.

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#275|279.]]}} {{sc|'''me nvlla dies tam fortibvs avsis dissimilem argverit'''}} ab hoc officio et ab hac audacia accessu temporis inferior non probabor, qualiscumque fortuna comitetur. id est numquam aut tam secunda fortuna acciderit, aut tam adversa, ut me dissimilem mei faciat, hoc est neque secundis intumescam, neque adversis deiciar.

{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''tantvm'''}} tantummodo hoc possum de me promittere, ut semper audeam, semper velim fortiter facere: nam hoc est quod dicit ‘fortibus ausis dissimilem arguerit’. tantum ergo meum est hoc promittere, sive prospera, sive adversa fortuna comitetur: nam ‘aut’ disiunctiva particula est, non negantis adverbium. quidam sic intellegunt: tantummodo fortuna prospera non in contrarium recidat: tamquam nunc in secundis rebus sit, cum obsideatur. alii ita putant: me nulla dies dissimilem arguet, sive quae est hodie fortuna permanserit, sive etiam laeta fuerit, id est nec si feliciter mihi, nec si infeliciter cesserit, dissimilis ero huic conatui. et melius legitur sine aspiratione, id est ‘aut adversa’.

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#280|281.]]}} {{sc|'''svper omnia dona'''}} ultra omnia, magis quam omnia; proprie enim ‘super’ hoc significat: ut sit ‘pro omnibus donis’.

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#280|282.]]}} {{sc|'''priami de gente vetvsta'''}} de familia. et bene eam etiam ex cognatione commendat: nam Ascanius nepos est Priami per Creusam.

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#280|283.]]}} {{sc|'''miseram'''}} quae sic inpatienter diligit filium.

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#280|284.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm excedentem'''}} ut “ille meum comitatus iter”: vult enim intellegi, sui causa matrem secutam.

{{ancora+|285|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#285|285.]]}} {{sc|'''ignaram'''}} hic ‘ignaram’ cui non dixerit. {{sc|'''qvodcvmqve pericli est'''}} syllepsis: nam subaudis ‘periclum’.

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#285|286.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve salvtatam linqvo'''}} insalutatam: et est tmesis, ut “inutilis inque ligatus cedebat”.

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#285|287.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod neqveam lacrimas perferre parentis'''}} excusat, ne videatur crudelis: unde sequitur matris eius tragicus et miserabilis ille conquestus “potuisti linquere solam crudelis” et talia.

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#285|288.]]}} {{sc|'''inopem'''}} modo auxilii egentem. {{sc|'''relictae'''}} aut a me, aut ab hominibus.

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#285|289.]]}} {{sc|'''avdentior'''}} ut ‘sapientior’, ab appellatione, non a participio †futura cum: Terentius in heauton timorumeno “natu gravior, ignoscentior”.

{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''in casvs omnes'''}} ut supra ‘fortuna secunda, aut adversa cadat’.

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#290|291.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlcher ivlvs'''}} incongruum epitheton pulchritudinis posuit, cum res sit in hoc loco religionis.

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#290|292.]]}} {{sc|'''strinxit pietatis imago'''}} praestrinxit, momordit, admonuit. sensus autem est: aut postquam vidit istum sic amare matrem, paternae pietatis virtutem coepit agnoscere: aut certe coepit etiam ipse sic in pietatem moveri, ut eius consueverat pater: aut certe exemplo Euryali avidius coepit amare patrem etiam ante dilectum.

{{ancora+|296|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#295|296.]]}} {{sc|'''nec partvm gratia talem parva manet'''}} debet ab omnibus coli quae talem creavit: non ergo a te tantum, sed per te commendatur.

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#295|297.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs factvm qvicvmqve seqvetvr'''}} satis congrue; praemia enim non debentur eventui, sed voluntati: hoc est quidquid evenerit, praemia dabo.

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#295|298.]]}} {{sc|'''per qvod pater ante solebat'''}} alii volunt ideo ‘ante’, quia absens est Aeneas: sed iurare possumus etiam per absentis filii caput. alii ad causam religionis trahunt, quae praecepit, ut filii imitentur in omnibus rebus suos parentes: ut nunc quasi imitatio sit iuris iurandi, ut dicat Ascanius ‘iuro per caput meum’, sicut praesens pater per suum caput iurare consueverat quotiens fidem suam confirmare cupiebat. alii volunt ideo dictum ‘ante’, quia pontificibus per liberos iurare non licebat, sed per deos tantummodo, ut sit ‘ante’ antequam pontifex esset Aeneas. ergo ‘ante’ aut temporis est aut ordinis.

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#295|299.]]}} {{sc|'''redvci rebvsqve secvndis'''}} mira arte moratur in prosperis et ea iterat, tacet adversa et magis intellectui et subauditioni relinquit. cum enim non dicat ‘si non redieris’, ait ‘matrique tuae generique manebunt’. hoc autem secundum morem Romanorum dicit, apud quos ita praemia decernebantur ‘illi liberisque eius’, ut darentur liberis quae accipere non potuissent parentes.

{{ancora+|302|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#300|302.]]}} {{sc|'''lycaon gnosivs'''}} Cretensis: et est laus ab artifice. hunc autem gladium Euryalo datum intellegimus: nam Nisus accepit pellem et galeam.

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#300|304.]]}} {{sc|'''pellem horrentisqve leonis exvvias'''}} {{grc|''τὸ αὐτὸ''}} dixit, hoc est bis idem, ut “bellum etiam pro caede boum stratisque iuvencis, Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis?”.

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''galeam fidvs permvtat aletes'''}} galeae enim sunt explorantum, sicut etiam Homerus ostendit. ‘permutat’ autem conpositum pro simplici.

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#305|307.]]}} {{sc|'''primorvm'''}} genetivus hic venit et ab eo quod est ‘hic primus hi primi’, et ab eo quod est ‘hi primores’, sicut ‘hi proceres’: quorum nominum nominativus singularis non invenitur, licet dicamus ‘huius primoris’ ‘huius proceris’.

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#305|308.]]}} {{sc|'''votis'''}} aut cum votis: aut pro reditu vota facientes. an iuvenumque senumque manus ad portas votis prosequitur? an iuvenum quidem manus ad portas, senum vero votis prosequitur, ut iuvenes quidem illos deduxerint, senes vero optaverint illis reditum.

{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''portanda'''}} nuntianda.

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#310|311.]]}} {{sc|'''et nvbibvs inrita donant'''}} ut ipse “partem volucres dispersit in auras”.

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#310|312.]]}} {{sc|'''svperant'''}} transgrediuntur.

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#310|313.]]}} {{sc|'''castra inimica'''}} non tantum hostilia, sed et perniciosa; nam cum dolore dictum est ‘inimica’, unde scilicet redituri non erant, quod ex sequentibus conprobatur: dicendo enim ‘multis tamen ante futuri exitio’, id est antequam ipsi perirent, ostendit perniciosa esse castra quae ipsis mortem fuerant adlatura. et bene cito dictus est exitus, cum castra mortifera dicuntur.

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''litore cvrrvs'''}} quia ante dixerat ‘portae quae proxima ponto’: aut aream litori proximam, sicut solet. quidam ‘litore’ fluminis volunt.

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#315|317.]]}} {{sc|'''vina simvl'''}} hoc est vasa vini, scilicet in quibus vina ponuntur. {{sc|'''ore locvtvs'''}} non est perissologia: nam secundum Homerum exploratores quae volunt, plerumque nutu plerumque sibilo significant.

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#315|318.]]}} {{sc|'''avdendvm dextra'''}} quia audemus et cursu et animo. {{sc|'''nvnc ipsa vocat res'''}} id est somnus et vinum.

{{ancora+|319|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#315|319.]]}} {{sc|'''hac iter est'''}} per hostium caedem et audaciam nostram. {{sc|'''se attollere'''}} adsurgere.

{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''consvle'''}} provide.

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#320|321.]]}} {{sc|'''haec ego vasta dabo'''}} de quibus dixit ‘corpora fusa vident’.

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#320|322.]]}} {{sc|'''vocemqve premit'''}} aut summissa voce loquitur, aut tacet. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} cur ‘superbum’ dixerit enarrat ‘qui forte tapetibus altis extructus’: superbum enim est et nobile, ut “Tiburque superbum”. ‘extructus’ autem pro ‘extructis tapetibus altis’. veteres et mensarum et tori struices appellabant.

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#320|324.]]}} {{sc|'''toto proflabat pectore somnvm'''}} periphrasis est, ne verbo humili stertentem diceret.

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#325|326.]]}} {{sc|'''sed non avgvrio potvit depellere pestem'''}} ‘augurio’ hic pro scientia augurii: et ostendit per transitum fati necessitatem nulla peritia posse depelli. est autem Homericus versus.

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#325|327.]]}} {{sc|'''temere'''}} passim, fortuito, neglegenter. vel humi vel periculose, ut in consuetudine solemus dicere “temerarios homines”. ‘temere’ significat et ‘facile’: Plautus “magnus est hic fluvius, non hac temere transiri potest” (Bac. 85). significat et ‘subito’: Ennius †&quot;quod tam temere itis citate catomerariis&quot;. significat ‘sine causa’: Ennius “haud temere est quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas”.

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#325|328.]]}} {{sc|'''premit'''}} opprimit, occidit. {{sc|'''svb ipsis eqvis'''}} circa ipsos equos.

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#325|329.]]}} {{sc|'''pendentia'''}} quasi ebriorum: aut ita iacentium, ut colla penderent.

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#330|331.]]}} {{sc|'''singvltantem'''}} cum singultu animam efflantem. {{sc|'''atro'''}} potest et superioribus adplicari, ut sit intellectus ‘sanguine singultantem atro’, potest et sequentibus iungi; sed melius sequentibus.

{{ancora+|333|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#330|333.]]}} {{sc|'''plvrima lvserat'''}} pro ‘plurimum luserat’: vel per plurimam noctem.

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''deo'''}} vel vino, vel somno. {{sc|'''protinvs'''}} hic ‘porro tenus’.

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#335|337.]]}} {{sc|'''per ovilia tvrbans'''}} perturbans ovilia: nam tmesis est.

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#335|339.]]}} {{sc|'''mvtvmqve metv'''}} scilicet pecus; nam male quidam accipiunt ‘mutum fremit’ de leone: quod si dixeris, vacat ‘metu’.

{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''incensvs et ipse perfvrit'''}} exemplo Nisi.

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#340|341.]]}} {{sc|'''sine nomine plebem'''}} bene expressit et bellatoris peritiam et tironis inconsideratam aviditatem; nam Nisus reges interimit, Euryalus saevit in plebem: Sallustius “ex insolentia avidus male faciendi”. ‘sine nomine’ autem dixit sine gloria, quorum per humilitatem non sunt omnibus nota nomina. atqui adiecit nomina; nam ait ‘Fadumque Herbesumque subit’: ergo aut ‘sine dignitate et nobilitate’, aut seorsum plebem dicit et seorsum nobiles, quorum nomina inseruit.

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#340|343.]]}} {{sc|'''rhoetvm vigilantem'''}} hoc loco non tantum Rhoeti timor, sed et Nisi audacia conprobatur. {{sc|'''vigilantem'''}}] hoc est qui in tantum potando vigilaverat, ut metuens post magnum cratera se tegeret.

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#345|346.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlta morte recepit pvrpvrevm'''}} multi hic distinguunt, ut sit sensus talis: eduxit gladium multo cruore purpureum. alii ‘multa morte recepit’, ut sit: eduxit gladium cum multo cruore, et sic inferunt ‘purpuream vomit ille animam’ secundum eos, qui animam sanguinem dicunt. ‘recepit’ eduxit, ut “hastamque receptat ossibus haerentem”. vel secundum Homerum * * * Cornutus ‘nocte’ legit et adnotavit “utrum ‘nocte’ pro morte, an cum multa nox esset?”

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#345|348.]]}} {{sc|'''vina refert'''}} proprie, quae paulo ante potaverat. ‘refert’ autem reicit; Graeci, ut ille, dicunt {{grc|''ἀναφέρει''}}. {{sc|'''hic fvrto fervidvs instat'''}} scilicet Euryalus, qui saeviebat latenter, ut sit ‘furto’ nocturno proelio: nam fures ideo dicti sunt, quod furvo, id est nigro tempore furta committunt: aut re vera ‘furto fervidus’, quia Messapi galeam sustulit et Rhamnetis phaleras.

{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''deficere extremvm'''}} utrum ‘ignem extremum’, an ‘deficere extremum'? {{sc|'''religatos'''}} non resolutos, sed diligenter ligatos: unde addidit ‘rite’, id est ex militari consuetudine optime ligatos. {{sc|'''rite'''}} ex more.

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#350|352.]]}} {{sc|'''sensit enim'''}} parenthesis. {{sc|'''nimia caede ferri'''}} deest ‘illum’. {{sc|'''ferri'''}} {{grc|''φέρεσθαι''}}.

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#350|353.]]}} {{sc|'''lvx inimica'''}} proditrix.

{{ancora+|354|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#350|354.]]}} {{sc|'''poenarvm exhavstvm satis est'''}} bene ‘exhaustum’, ut ostendat eos avidos caedis fuisse et cruoris hostilis. {{sc|'''via facta per hostes'''}} ut “haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam”.

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta virum.'''}}.. {{sc|'''tapetas'''}} mire artum tempus expressit, quo necesse erat haec omittere.

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#355|356.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchrosqve tapetas'''}} secundum Graecos per masculinum genus.

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#355|357.]]}} {{sc|'''evryalvs phaleras rhamnetis et avrea bvllis cingvla tibvrti'''}} phalerae ornamenta equorum sunt. et est sermo Graecus {{grc|''κὰπ φάλαρ᾽ εὐποίητα''}}. ‘cingulum’ autem hominum generis neutri est, nam animalium genere feminino dicimus ‘has cingulas’.

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#355|358.]]}} {{sc|'''tibvrti remvlo ditissimvs olim qvae mittit dona'''}} consuetudo erat apud maiores ut inter se homines hospitii iura mutuis muneribus copularent, vel in praesenti vel per internuntios. sensus ergo nunc talis est: Caedicus quidam Tiburti Remulo, cum eum sibi absens hospitio vellet adiungere, misit phaleras et cingula, bullis aureis, hoc est clavis insignita. Remulus moriens nepoti suo cognomini haec reliquit, qui postea victus a Rutulis est et occisus: post cuius mortem apud Rhamnetem Rutulum ab Euryalo haec reperta sunt munera. quod autem dixit ‘Tiburti Remulo’, aut Tiburtino intellegamus, hoc est de Tibure, ut sit dativus ab appellativo veniens hic Tiburs: aut ‘Tiburti’, hoc est filio Tiburti ab eo quod est hic Tiburtus, huius Tiburti, ut sit ‘Tiburti Remulo’ sicut “Deiphobe Glauci”.

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#355|359.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm ivngeret absens'''}} aut cum se illi iungeret, aut cum iungeretur.

{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''svo moriens dat habere nepoti'''}} nepoti Remulo, quem supra avo cognominem diximus. nam quotiens aperte non ponitur nomen filii vel nepotis, cognominem eum esse intellegimus avo vel patri, quorum nomen aperte positum invenimus; et e contra si filii vel nepotis positum nomen fuerit, praetermissum autem parentum, cognomines eos esse intellegamus necesse est.

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#360|361.]]}} {{sc|'''post mortem'''}} scilicet Remuli, secundum supra dictum sensum: nam Donatus dicit “post mortem Nisi et Euryali bello potiti sunt Rutuli”: quod non procedit, si diligenter advertas. sane sciendum locum hunc esse unum de XII. Vergilii sive per naturam obscuris, sive insolubilibus, sive emendandis, sive sic relictis, ut a nobis per historiae antiquae ignorantiam liquide non intellegantur.

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#360|362.]]}} {{sc|'''neqviqvam'''}} non fruiturus. et est ‘nequiquam aptat’, non ‘nequiquam fortibus’.

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#360|363.]]}} {{sc|'''galeam messapi'''}} non occisi Messapi abstulit galeam — nam dimicaturus est paulo post — sed invenit iacentem et sustulit. {{sc|'''cristisqve decoram'''}} bene praemittit dicens ‘decoram’; nam eius splendore prodente Euryalus capitur. denique Nisus hac ratione non proditur, cui habenti †inferiore galeam, habiliorem galeam Aletes permutavit.

{{ancora+|364|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#360|364.]]}} {{sc|'''excedvnt castris'''}} Rutulorum scilicet: nam supra dixit “castra inimica petunt”.

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe latina'''}} non est contrarium illi loco, ubi ait “saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas”, quod modo a Latina urbe auxilia venire commemorat: intellegimus enim Latinum in principio discordiae et tumultus paululum se abstinuisse, postea tamen nec suorum copias nec propria denegasse consilia; nam eum et coetui et foederibus interfuisse dicturus est. {{sc|'''praemissi eqvites'''}} hos neque alio loco a Turno missos usquam dixit, nec prius de eis mentionem fecit: dubitatur ergo a quo sint vel quibus praemissi, vel cur praemissi, cum eos constet aliis iam in campo positis advenire.

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#365|366.]]}} {{sc|'''legio campis instrvcta moratvr'''}} proprie; nam legiones peditum sunt, turmae vero equitum.

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#365|367.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrno regi'''}} in omnibus bonis ‘regis’ dicitur inventum: nam quasi absurdum est, duobus positis, Turnum potius quam Latinum responsa dare.

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#365|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tercentvm'''}} quia Romani equites primo trecenti fuerunt; de singulis enim curiis deni dabantur, quas triginta fuisse diximus. an ‘tercentum’ ut {{grc|''οἳ δ᾽ ἐννέα πάντες ἀνέσταν''}}. {{sc|'''scvtati omnes'''}} armati: a parte totum: non clipeati; nam clipei peditum sunt, scuta equitum. {{sc|'''volscente magistro'''}} proprie: nam magister equitum dicitur more Romano qui dictatori adiungi solet.

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#365|369.]]}} {{sc|'''mvro'''}} Troianorum. {{sc|'''mvrosqve svbibant'''}} Troianorum. et est locutio de Cicerone “poterisne eius †oratione subire?”

{{ancora+|370|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#370|370.]]}} {{sc|'''laevo flectentis limite'''}} respiciens situm regionis locutus est.

{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#370|371.]]}} {{sc|'''svblvstri noctis in vmbra'''}} sublustris nox est habens aliquid lucis: Horatius “nocte sublustri nihil astra praeter vidit et undas”.

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#370|372.]]}} {{sc|'''inmemorem'''}} amentem, ut “instamus tamen inmemores”: vel incuriosum, vel incautum. {{sc|'''radiis'''}} lunaribus intellegendum.

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#370|373.]]}} {{sc|'''havd temere'''}} particula haec modo ‘non sine causa’ significat, alias ‘fortuito’, alias ‘male’, alias ‘inprovide’, alias ‘passim’, ut “temere inter lora iacentes”, alias ‘facile’: Plautus “rapidus fluvius est hic, non hac temere transiri potest” (Bac. 85): quae pro loco accipiuntur et intelleguntur. adverbium sane qualitatis relatum est.

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''nihil illi tendere contra'''}} hoc est ‘nihil contra responderunt’: nam ‘tendo contra sermonem tuum’ est ‘respondeo tibi’, ‘tendo contra iter tuum’ est ‘occurro tibi’: ergo ‘nihil contra tendebant’, id est nihil respondebant e contra.

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#375|377.]]}} {{sc|'''ad divortia'''}} viae in diversa tendentes, hoc est ad diverticula viae militaris: Terentius “ubi ad ipsum veni diverticulum”. diverticula autem sunt semitae transversae, quae sunt a latere viae militaris.

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#375|378.]]}} {{sc|'''aditvm coronant'''}} melior est lectio ‘abitum’, quam ‘aditum’: cingunt enim silvam, ne abeant, non, ne adire possint.

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#380|381.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcebat semita'''}} legitur et ‘lucebat’: quod si est, ‘rara’ pro ‘raro’ accipiendum, ut sit ‘raro lucebat’, herbis scilicet in aliquibus locis intervenientibus: si ‘ducebat’, intellegimus inter calles pecorum raram fuisse semitam, hoc est hominum viam. et non ostendit quo ducebat: sed intellegamus euntes.

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#380|383.]]}} {{sc|'''evryalvm inpedivnt'''}} ‘inpedio te’ dicimus per accusativum, et casus mutari non potest, nisi deseras verbum, ut dicas ‘inpedimento mihi es’. sciendum sane multas conferri in Euryalum excusationes. {{sc|'''regione viarvm'''}} regionem hic rectum iter dixit, ab eo quod regat tramitem.

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#380|384.]]}} {{sc|'''nisvs abit'''}} bene meminit velocitatis, quam ei in quinto dedit, ut “primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus emicat”. {{sc|'''inprvdens'''}} scilicet remanentis Euryali: aut ‘inprudens’ se evasisse; alii ‘inprudens’ valde prudens accipiunt.

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''albae de nomine'''}} vel porcae, vel civitatis, vel regis Albani, cui successit Procas.

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#385|388.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix qva te regione reliqvi'''}} se infelicem dicit qui dolet, non illum propter quem dolet.

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#385|389.]]}} {{sc|'''iter omne revolvens fallacis silvae'''}} Urbanus huc usque verba Nisi vult esse, alii poetae dant ‘rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens fallacis silvae’, ut Nisus usque ‘quave sequar’ dixisse videatur.

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#390|391.]]}} {{sc|'''observata'''}} id est observans. {{sc|'''silentibvs'''}} pro ‘ipse silens’: aut ‘silentibus’, ut “cum tacet omnis ager”.

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#390|392.]]}} {{sc|'''signa seqventvm'''}} militarem sonum dicit, qui varius est: nam interdum canit, ut insequantur eos qui fugiunt, interdum receptui.

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#390|393.]]}} {{sc|'''nec longvm in medio tempvs'''}} inter auditum sonum et visum Euryalum. et est eclipsis.

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''fravde loci et noctis'''}} ‘fraude loci’ difficultate loci, ‘noctis’ pro tenebris et obscuritate fraudem appellat. quidam ‘noctis subito turbante tumultu’ legunt, ut sit ‘noctis tumultu’ nocturno. tumultum explorantium dicit.

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#395|396.]]}} {{sc|'''oppressvm rapit'''}} hoc est ‘quem iam manus omnis rapit’; nam male quidam ‘videt rapi’ accipiunt: quod si admiseris, vacat ‘quem iam manus omnis’.

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#395|397.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid faciat'''}} mire adfectum suum poeta interposuit.

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#395|398.]]}} {{sc|'''in hostes'''}} quidam ‘in enses’ legunt et melius hoc putant, quam in hostes.

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#395|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchram properet per vvlnera mortem'''}} aut deest ‘adire’, aut deest ‘ad’, ut sit ‘ad mortem properet’: aut certe antique ‘properet mortem’, ut Plautus “properate prandium” (Men. 628), Ennius “festivum festinant diem”. ‘pulchram mortem’: gloriosum enim est pro amico perire. et ‘pulchram’ ex persona poetae dictum est: vel certe ‘pulchram’ ad eum, qui hoc putat.

{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ocivs'''}} pro ‘ociter’.

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#400|402.]]}} {{sc|'''tv praesens nostro svccvrre labori'''}} non dicit ‘quae praesens es’ sed ‘praesens succurre’, id est ilico, statim. et consuetudinis eius est, ut de vicino et proximo ducat opportunas invocationes: “‘Faune, precor, miserere’ inquit&quot;: et “nymphas venerabar agrestes Gradivumque patrem Geticis qui praesidet arvis”. et in repetitione ‘tu dea, tu praesens’ maior emphasis videtur.

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#400|404.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva'''}} ‘qua’ vacat et hic et in sequenti.

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#405|406.]]}} {{sc|'''svspendive tholo'''}} tholus proprie est veluti scutum breve, quod in medio tecto est, in quo trabes coeunt: ad quod dona suspendi consueverant. quae tam diu dona dici poterant, quam diu non profana fierent, sicut in libris sacrorum refertur. bene autem venatorem inducit numen invocare silvarum. alii tholum aedium sacrarum dicunt genus fabricae, ut Vestae et Panthei est. alii tectum sine parietibus columnis subnixum. aedes autem rotundas tribus diis dicunt fieri debere, Vestae, Dianae, vel Herculi vel Mercurio.

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#405|407.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbare globvm'''}} sana petitio: nam quia tot vincere inpossibile fuerat, petit ut saltem eos perturbet telorum beneficio. {{sc|'''rege tela per avras'''}} per noctem, in qua sine auxilio numinis recti iactus esse non possunt.

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#405|409.]]}} {{sc|'''ferrvm conicit.'''}} {{sc|'''hasta'''}} de ferro ad hastam transiit. ‘conicit’ pro ‘coicit’: nam ‘conicit’ antiquum est.

{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''adversi in tergvm svlmonis ibiqve frangitvr'''}} ‘tergum’ pro ‘tergus’ dixit — Sallustius “tergis vinciebant” pro ‘tergoribus’ — , ut intellegamus hastam in scutum venisse et illic esse conlisam — ut ‘frangitur’ sit ‘conliditur’ — fissoque scuti ligno etiam praecordia penetrasse: aliter non procedit; nam si hastam re vera fractam accipiamus, ratione caret quod dicit ‘fisso transit praecordia ligno’. alii re vera in tergum volunt esse percussum: quod falsum est; nam quo modo ante fissum lignum est et sic praecordia penetrata? sciendum tamen locum hunc unum esse de his quos insolubiles diximus supra.

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#410|411.]]}} {{sc|'''ligno'''}} quidam humiliter dictum accipiunt.

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#410|414.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc acrior idem'''}} quod latuerat et quod ei primus prospere cesserat iactus.

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''telvm librabat ab avre'''}} gestus iaculantis exprimitur: duobus autem generibus manualia tela mittuntur; aut enim ab aure, aut a latere tela iaciuntur.

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#415|416.]]}} {{sc|'''per tempvs vtrvmqve'''}} congrue dicit telum per tempus utrumque transisse; ait enim ‘diversi circumspiciunt’, hoc est ‘huc et illuc ora circumferunt’, per quam oportunitatem potuit telum tempus utrumque transire. Asper tamen dicit: ‘per tempus utrumque’, hoc est ‘inter tempus utrumque’, ut e contra “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”, id est ‘per hunc’. quod si est, intellegamus in fronte esse vulneratum.

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#415|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tepefacta cerebro'''}} alibi “et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit”.

{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} donec ille invenitur. {{sc|'''calido mihi sangvine poenas'''}} Ennius in primo “nam mi calido dabis sanguine poenas”.

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#420|421.]]}} {{sc|'''persolves amborvm'''}} aut occisorum, aut tuas et Nisi: nam duos eos fuisse novit, supra enim ait ‘state viri’.

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#420|424.]]}} {{sc|'''amplivs'''}} de cetero, posthac: interdum et quantitatem significat, ut Terentius “quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius”. {{sc|'''tantvm potvit'''}} hoc quamvis ad animum Nisi pertineat, tamen sympathiam etiam poeta ex sua persona fecit.

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''me me'''}} subaudis ‘interficite’: et est interrupta elocutio dolore turbati.

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#425|427.]]}} {{sc|'''nec potvit'''}} validior argumentatio ex inpossibilitate, ut “quid Troes potuere?” item “non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis”.

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#425|428.]]}} {{sc|'''tantvm infelicem nimivm dilexit amicvm'''}} contra illud: cur ergo venit? dicit: tantum amicum dilexit, ut, cum nihil posset, tamen veniret.

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#430|431.]]}} {{sc|'''volvitvr evryalvs leto'''}} aut septimus est, aut dativus; sed si dativus fuerit, figuratum est, id est ‘in letum’, ut “it clamor caelo”.

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#430|433.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevs velvti cvm flos svccisvs aratro'''}} habetur ratio comparationis: videtur enim Euryalo Hyacinthum comparare, qui pulcherrimus fuit et post mortem conversus in florem est.

{{ancora+|434|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#430|434.]]}} {{sc|'''langvescit moriens'''}} duplex similitudo et pulchritudinis et gestus.

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''lassove papavera collo demisere capvt'''}} Homeri est et comparatio et figura; nam et ille sic ait, ut multorum unum diceret caput.

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#435|436.]]}} {{sc|'''solvmqve per omnes'''}} an per obstantes, an protegentes?

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#435|437.]]}} {{sc|'''volscentem petit'''}} appetit: petitiones enim proprie dicimus impetus gladiatorum, unde Cicero “quot ego tuas petitiones ita coniectas, ut vitari nullo modo possent, parva quadam declinatione et, ut aiunt, corpore effugi”. {{sc|'''moratvr'''}} perseverat.

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#435|439.]]}} {{sc|'''protvrbant'''}} modo confodiunt, unde paulo post ‘confossus’. {{sc|'''non setivs'''}} non segnius, quamquam vulneratus.

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#440|441.]]}} {{sc|'''in ore condidit adverso'''}} archaismos est, ut supra “pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem condidit”.

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#440|443.]]}} {{sc|'''placidaqve ibi demvm morte qvievit'''}} aut proprium est mortis epitheton: aut ex affectu pereuntis dictum est, qui cum amico moriebatur.

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#440|444.]]}} {{sc|'''fortvnati ambo'''}} prosphonesis est. mire horum mortem non luctu aut misericordia, sed felicitatis testimonio prosequitur. {{sc|'''si qvid mea carmina possvnt'''}} verecunde.

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#445|446.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs'''}} familia. {{sc|'''capitoli inmobile saxvm accolet'''}} in urbe Roma Iovis templum non fuit. quod cum iam devotum a Prisco Tarquinio vellet Superbus Tarquinius aedificare, coepit auguriis captare qui mons huic templo esset aptissimus. et cum in omnibus Tarpeius esset inventus, in quo erant multa diversorum numinum sacella, actum est, ut exinde ad alia templa numina evocarentur sacrificiis, quo posset libere et sine piaculo templum Iovis exaedificare. cumque omnes dii libenter migrassent, Terminus solus, hoc est limitum deus, discedere noluit, sed illic remansit. tunc de hoc ipso sacrificatum est et deprehensum, quod Terminus cum Iove remanens aeternum urbi imperium cum religione significaret; unde in Capitolio prona pars tecti patet, quae lapidem ipsum Termini spectat; nam Termino non nisi sub divo sacrificabatur. hinc ergo nunc dixit ‘Capitolii inmobile saxum accolet’, quia Terminus non est revulsus de loco.

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#445|448.]]}} {{sc|'''praeda rvtvli spoliisqve potiti'''}} non solum suis armis eos exuerunt, sed etiam illa praeda, quae Rutulis fuerat ante detracta.

{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''nec minor in castris lvctvs'''}} decens repetitio.

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#450|452.]]}} {{sc|'''serranoqve nvmaqve'''}} decima antapodosis, quae fit quotiens commemorantur ea quae non sunt ante praedicta: neque Numam induxit occisum.

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#450|453.]]}} {{sc|'''tepidaqve recentem caede locvm'''}} hypallage est, tepidum locum recenti caede; unde multi legunt ‘tepidumque recenti caede locum’.

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#450|454.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantes sangvine rivos'''}} spumas tunc habet sanguis cum effunditur, nam postea conquiescit; unde bene dixit ‘spumantes rivos’, quia praemisit ‘seminecesque viros’.

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#455|457.]]}} {{sc|'''et iam prima novo'''}} Lucretianum est. et bene descripturus caedes et bella morose diem oriri facit.

{{ancora+|459|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#455|459.]]}} {{sc|'''iam rebvs lvce retectis'''}} supra “et rebus nox abstulit atra colorem”.

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#460|461.]]}} {{sc|'''cogit qvisqve svos'''}} scilicet comites; nam plenum est ‘aeratasque acies’.

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#460|462.]]}} {{sc|'''acvvnt rvmoribvs iras'''}} quia duo ausi sunt per eorum castra transire.

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''evryali et nisi'''}} volunt non nulli clamorem esse militum; sed melius hoc a poeta dictum accipimus — nam Rutuli eorum non noverant nomina — ut sit ‘quin etiam capita Euryali et Nisi praefigunt in arrectis hastis et cum magno clamore comitantur’.

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#465|466.]]}} {{sc|'''mvrorvm in parte sinistra'''}} aliud agens situm castrorum ostendit. praeterea et prooeconomia est, quia postea castris per fluvium Turnus evadit.

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#465|467.]]}} {{sc|'''cingitvr amni'''}} ‘amne’ debuit dicere: numquam enim bene in ‘i’ exeunt nisi quae communis sunt generis, ut ‘docilis’ ‘agilis’; sed ideo ausus est ita ponere ablativum, quia, ut supra diximus, apud maiores hic et haec amnis dicebatur.

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#465|468.]]}} {{sc|'''tenent fossas'''}} tuentur, defendunt.

{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''nota nimis miseris'''}} hoc plus commovebantur: quoniam etiam abscisi vultus necdum agnitionis amiserant notas.

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#470|471.]]}} {{sc|'''pinnata'''}} quidam volunt ideo hic Famam pinnatam a poeta inductam, quia tumultum et res adversas nuntiet, ut illud tangere videretur, quod qui bellum nuntiaret pinnatas litteras diceretur adferre.

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#470|473.]]}} {{sc|'''svbitvs miserae'''}} potest pro ‘subitus miserae’, vel pro ‘subito miserae’; ergo et genetivus potest esse.

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#470|474.]]}} {{sc|'''excvssi manibvs radii'''}} bene ‘excussi’, quasi nescienti: melius, quam si diceret ‘proiecti’.

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''femineo vlvlatv'''}} inpatienti, ut “femineo praedae et spoliorum ardebat amore”.

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#475|477.]]}} {{sc|'''prima petit'''}} ideo ‘prima’, quia solent in extrema necessitate etiam mulieres muros ascendere, ut “ipsae de muris matres”. {{sc|'''non illa virvm non illa pericli'''}} unum pudoris est, aliud salutis.

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#475|478.]]}} {{sc|'''telorvmqve memor'''}} hanc inpatientiam matris Euryali illo loco poeta praemisit, cum eam Euryalus nec profectionem suam ad requirendum Aenean scire significat, et tantopere commendat Ascanio: nam et Nisus propter illam dicit nolle Euryalum sibi comitem iungere, quod sciret, si quid ei accidisset, intolerabiliter eam laturam.

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#475|479.]]}} {{sc|'''hvnc'''}} talem. et est conquestio matris Euryali plena artis rhetoricae: nam paene omnes partes habet de misericordia commovenda a Cicerone in rhetoricis positas. {{sc|'''hvnc te aspicio'''}} a qualitate caedis.

{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''sera meae reqvies'''}} Euander “mea sera et sola voluptas”. et ‘requies’ hic pro solacio. {{sc|'''potvisti linqvere solam'''}} ab intercepto solacio.

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#480|481.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis'''}} qui potuisti linquere solam, cum pius esses. {{sc|'''svb tanta pericvla'''}} ‘sub’ pro ‘in’, ut “namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo”.

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#480|482.]]}} {{sc|'''adfari extremis'''}} Anchises “sic o sic positum adfati discedite corpus”, Terentius “quin igitur, dum licet, loquimini mecum, Antipho?” {{sc|'''matri'''}} melius ‘matri’, quam si dixisset ‘mihi’.

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#480|483.]]}} {{sc|'''latinis'''}} id est Latinorum.

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#480|484.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tva fvnera mater'''}} id est ‘funerea’: nam apud maiores funeras dicebant eas ad quas funus pertinet, ut sororem, matrem: nam praeficae, ut et supra diximus, sunt planctus principes, non doloris. funeras autem dicebant quasi funereas, ad quas pertinet funus. vel derivavit veteres secutus, ut ‘funeram’ pro funesta diceret, ut homo ‘scelerus’ sicuti scelestus vel scelerosus dicebatur: Plautus in Pseudulo “teritur sinapis scelera” (Ps. 817), in eadem “nunc iube venire Pseudulum, scelerum caput” (Ps. 1054), id est scelestum.

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''avt vvlnera lavi'''}} Romana consuetudo fuit ut mortui lavarentur, ideoque hos qui hoc officium implebant, pollinctores appellatos dicunt, qui mortuis os polline oblinebant, ne livor appareret extincti.

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#485|486.]]}} {{sc|'''festina'''}} pro ‘festinans’, nomen pro participio: vel a verbo derivatum, ut ab eo quod est ‘festino’ ‘festinus’ dicatur, ut hic ‘festina’, quomodo superius ‘funera’: Sallustius “in secunda cohortes festinas composuerat”: ut ipse ab eo quod ‘propero’ “circumstant properi aurigae”, ut sit nominativus ‘hic properus’. et bene ‘festina’, nam ait superius “‘excussi manibus radii revolutaque pensa’”.

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#485|488.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo seqvar'''}} id est inquiram.

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#485|489.]]}} {{sc|'''fvnvs lacervm'''}} dilaniatum cadaver: nam ‘funus’ pro cadavere posuit. ergo ex posteriore intellegitur prius. {{sc|'''hoc mihi de te'''}} hoc caput intuens ait.

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#490|491.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva est pietas'''}} si qua pietas in occidendo est, in me probetur.

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#490|492.]]}} {{sc|'''me primam absvmite ferro'''}} unusquisque enim in propriae salutis desperatione credit universa etiam posse consumi, unde est quod modo dixit ‘me primam’: quasi mortuo Euryalo omnes Troiani perituri essent.

{{ancora+|494|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#490|494.]]}} {{sc|'''invisvm hoc detrvde capvt svb tartara telo'''}} invisum quidem est hoc et odiosum caput, verum misericordiae genus est, si me etiam iratus interimas. {{sc|'''invisvm'''}}] deest ‘tibi’. et si ‘invisum’, quo modo ‘miserere'?

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''qvando aliter neqveo crvdelem abrvmpere vitam'''}} hinc traxit illum colorem Iuvenalis “quod facinus dignum tam longo admiserit aevo?”

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#495|497.]]}} {{sc|'''torpent infractae'''}} antea infractae, nunc tamen torpent, ut “Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos”. {{sc|'''infractae'''}}] naturaliter enim homines dolore ac miseratione franguntur.

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#495|498.]]}} {{sc|'''idaevs et actor'''}} ex nominibus personarum et fidem et dignitatem rei addit.

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#495|499.]]}} {{sc|'''lacrimantis ivli'''}} puero dat lacrimas, cui potest sine pudore; viris fortibus tantum dolorem.

{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''svb tecta reponvnt'''}} honorifice. quod autem dicit ‘corripiunt’, non iniuriae est, sed celeritatis, id est raptim tollunt.

{{ancora+|501|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#500|501.]]}} {{sc|'''at tvba terribilem sonitvm'''}} hemistichium Ennii: nam sequentia iste mutavit. ille enim ad exprimendum tubae sonum ait “taratantara dixit”. et multa huius modi Vergilius cum aspera invenerit, mutat. bene tamen hic electis verbis imitatur sonum tubarum.

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#500|502.]]}} {{sc|'''increpvit'''}} et insonuit et segnitiam increpavit.

{{ancora+|503|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#500|503.]]}} {{sc|'''volsci'''}} non mirum quia dicit Volscos, cum et Camilla de Volscis sit, ut “Volsca de gente Camilla”: namque pars aliqua Tusciae dat Turno auxilia, cum Tuscos dixerimus specialiter Aeneae favere. item e contra pars Venetiae auxilium praestat Aeneae, quam Turni fuisse superius diximus. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} testudo est scutorum conexio, curvata in testudinis modum et similitudinem, cum a militibus aliqua civitas obsidetur, et fit ut murus eius subruatur. namque in armorum generibus milites sumunt ab animalibus nomina, ut ‘aries’: Sallustius “in modum ericii militaris”. inventor autem testudinis Artemon Clazomenius fertur, idemque arietis repertor dicitur. scuta aerea gestare Curetes primi invenerunt. galea Thracicum tegmen est. thoraces Thorax quidam rex dicitur invenisse. Lycaon Arcas gladium longiore lamina produxisse narratur. Peleus primus machaeram dicitur invenisse. harpen, id est curvum gladium in modum falcis, a Perseo inventam multi dixerunt.

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#500|504.]]}} {{sc|'''fossas implere parant'''}} vertit ordinem: nam ante est ut impleatur fossa, tollantur valli, et sic testudine accedatur ad murum. quamquam possumus intellegere etiam ad fossas eos facta venisse testudine. proprie tamen ‘fossas implere’, ‘vallum vellere’: sic enim et historici.

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#505|507.]]}} {{sc|'''effvndere contra'''}} proprie; tela enim non iaciuntur in subiectos, sed funduntur. et dicendo ‘omne genus telorum’ ostendit telum vocari omne quod iacitur.

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#505|509.]]}} {{sc|'''adsveti longo m. d. b.'''}} docet usum in rebus omnibus plurimum posse.

{{ancora+|510|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#510|510.]]}} {{sc|'''infesto volvebant pondere'''}} hoc est infesti ponderis. {{sc|'''svbter densa testvdine'''}} hoc est sub testudine.

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#510|513.]]}} {{sc|'''nec iam svfficivnt'''}} diu iam non sustinent. {{sc|'''rvvntqve'''}} hic ‘ruunt’ pro deiciunt.

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''armorvmqve resolvit tegmina'''}} hic ostendit armorum conexionem esse testudinem: Lucanus de testudine “at postquam virtus incerta virorum perpetuam rupit defesso milite cratem singula continuis cesserunt ictibus arma”.

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#515|519.]]}} {{sc|'''etrvscam pinvm'''}} hoc est ipse Etruscus. ‘quassabat’ autem et ‘infert’ mutatio temporum, ut “Tydides multa vastabat caede cruentus ardentesque avertit equos in castra”.

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#520|523.]]}} {{sc|'''vos o calliope precor'''}} syllepsis per numeros; erat enim rectum ‘vos musae, aut te, Calliope’. {{sc|'''adspirate'''}} favete, ut “adspirat primo Fortuna labori”.

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#525|526.]]}} {{sc|'''oras evolvite belli'''}} hoc est ingentis belli narrate non tantum initia, sed etiam extrema bellorum: nam orae sunt extremitates. est autem Ennianum “qui potis ingentis oras evolvere belli”.

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#525|527.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrris erat'''}} turris huius modi esse ad munitionem civitatum et in secundo legimus; sed hae plerumque mobiles sunt, plerumque fixae: fixae, ut in secundo “turris ac tecta domorum”, mobiles, ut in duodecimo meminit “subdideratque rotas pontesque instraverat altos”. {{sc|'''pontibvs'''}} pro tabulatis.

{{ancora+|528|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#525|528.]]}} {{sc|'''oportvna loco'''}} pro ‘oportuno’, scilicet circa portas.

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#525|529.]]}} {{sc|'''opvm vi'''}} potest et hypallage esse, ut sit ‘ope virium’.

{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''certabant'''}} zeugma: potest et ad Latinos et ad Troianos referri.

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#530|531.]]}} {{sc|'''cavas'''}} patulas. {{sc|'''densi'''}} pro ‘tela densa’.

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#530|533.]]}} {{sc|'''flammam adfixit'''}} adfectate: debuit enim dicere, adfixit aut facem aut malleolum, non flammam. {{sc|'''qvae plvrima vento'''}} gliscens et magna facta per ventum.

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#530|534.]]}} {{sc|'''haesit adesis'''}} non iam ‘adesis’, sed quos exedit adhaerendo, id est haesitans adedit vel adesos reddidit.

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''malorvm velle fvgam'''}} honestissima elocutio.

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#535|537.]]}} {{sc|'''peste'''}} incendio, ut “et toto descendit corpore pestis”.

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#540|541.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs'''}} subaudis ‘et alter’: nam non procedit ‘unus Helenor et Lycus elapsi’. {{sc|'''elapsi'''}} scilicet non mortem, sed turris ruinam.

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#540|543.]]}} {{sc|'''maeonio regi'''}} aut proprium patris nomen est, aut cognominem eum filio intellegamus, quia, ut supra diximus, cum filii vel patris nomen praemittitur et aliud tacetur, cognomines eos esse intellegimus. {{sc|'''fvrtim svstvlerat'''}} e stupro educaverat: hinc est “et dulcia furta”.

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#540|544.]]}} {{sc|'''vetitisqve ad troiam miserat armis'''}} secundum Donatum ‘vetitis fato’, quia stare Troia diutius vetabatur; sed melius lege militari intellegimus, quia servi a militia prohibebantur: unde in Deiotariana purgat hoc Cicero, cum fuisset obiectum inter equites quos Deiotarus miserat Caesari, unum servum fuisse: Vergilium autem novimus trahere aliqua de historia. servos sane numquam militasse constat nisi servitute deposita, excepto Hannibalis tempore, cum post Cannense proelium in tanta necessitate fuit urbs Roma, ut ne liberandorum quidem servorum daretur facultas.

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''ense nvdo'''}} id est stricto. ‘ense levis’ levis armaturae est; ‘nudo’ autem stricto vel sine vagina. {{sc|'''parmaqve inglorivs alba'''}} quasi tiro, ut diximus supra, quia picta arma iam probati in bellis habebant.

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#545|548.]]}} {{sc|'''vt fera'''}} quidam pardum significari volunt.

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#550|553.]]}} {{sc|'''longe melior lycvs'''}} ergo et Helenor bonus. {{sc|'''inter'''}} ‘per’, ut “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”.

{{ancora+|555|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#555|555.]]}} {{sc|'''prendere saxa manv'''}} quia tunc alti non erant muri, sed ad impetum tantum repellendum, ut etiam Sallustius ostendit, ubi Sertorium umeris sublatum per muros ascendisse commemorat.

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#555|556.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrsv teloqve secvtvs'''}} nimiam eius ostendit celeritatem, qui potuit telum missum consequi: nam hoc dicit, cum praemisso telo ad hostem venit: Statius “et emissum cursu conprendere telum”.

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#555|558.]]}} {{sc|'''revellit'''}} in verbo ‘vello’ facit in participio ‘vulsus’.

{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis vbi avt leporem'''}} pro ‘qualiter’.

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#560|561.]]}} {{sc|'''pedibvs iovis armiger vncis'''}} quia dicitur aquila in bello Gigantum Iovi arma ministrasse. quod tamen fingitur: nam, ut supra diximus, Iuppiter et Saturnus reges fuerunt. sed Iuppiter dum cum patre Saturno haberet de agris contentionem, ortum bellum est. ad quod egrediens Iuppiter aquilae vidit augurium. cuius cum vicisset auspicio, fictum est quod ei pugnanti tela ministraverit: unde etiam a felici augurio natum est, ut aquilae militum signa comitentur.

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#560|562.]]}} {{sc|'''qvaesitvm'''}} qui requiritur: nam praesens a passivo non habuit. et est hysteroproteron; nam post raptum requiritur: vel ‘quaesitum’ requirendum, {{grc|''ποθητόν''}}. {{sc|'''mvltis balatibvs'''}} id est cum multis balatibus.

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#560|563.]]}} {{sc|'''martivs lvpvs'''}} aut cruentus, aut Marti dedicatus.

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#560|564.]]}} {{sc|'''aggere complent'''}} agger est cuiuslibet rei coacervatio, unde fossae aut valles possunt repleri. subaudiendum tamen ‘alii’.

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#565|566.]]}} {{sc|'''ingenti fragmine montis'''}} supra dicti saxi exaggeratio est.

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#565|567.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcetivm'''}} solum hoc nomen est, quod dictum a Vergilio in nullo alio reperitur auctore. sane lingua Osca Lucetius est Iuppiter, dictus a luce, quam praestare hominibus dicitur. ipse est nostra lingua Diespiter, id est diei pater: Horatius “namque Diespiter plerumque per purum”.

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#565|569.]]}} {{sc|'''hic iacvlo bonvs'''}} nescias de quo dixerit.

{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''caenea tvrnvs tvrnvs ityn'''}} ut ait Lucilius “bonum schema est, quotiens sensus variatur in iteratione verborum, et in fine positus sequentis sit exordium, qui appellatur climax”.

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#570|572.]]}} {{sc|'''pro tvrribvs'''}} aut pro defensione turrium: aut sic magni, ut turres putares.

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#570|573.]]}} {{sc|'''hasta themillae'''}} Themillas Themillae, ut Aeneas Aeneae. ‘levis’ autem ‘hasta’ pro ‘leviter veniens’: unde et ‘strinxerat’ dixit, id est paululum vulneraverat, ut “tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni”.

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#570|574.]]}} {{sc|'''demens'''}} qui scutum quo se tuebatur, abiecit.

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''alis'''}} pennis.

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#575|576.]]}} {{sc|'''laevo adfixa est lateri'''}} ostendit vulneris locum, quem ante suppresserat. sic in quarto “infixum stridit sub pectore vulnus”.

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#575|577.]]}} {{sc|'''spiramenta animae'''}} definitio pulmonum.

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#575|579.]]}} {{sc|'''pictvs acv chlamydem'''}} hoc est habens chlamydem Phrygiam, ut “et Phrygiam Ascanio chlamydem”. et est figuratum ‘pictus chlamydem’. {{sc|'''ferrvgine clarvs hibera'''}} ferrugo coloris genus est, qui vicinus est purpurae subnigrae. ‘Hibera’ autem modo non Hispana, sed Pontica: nam Hiberia pars Ponti est inter Persidem et Armeniam, ubi optime colores diversi tinguntur, ut ostendit Horatius dicens “herbasque quas Iolcos atque Hiberia mittit, venenorum ferax”.

{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor qvem miserat arcens'''}} ordo est ‘stabat Arcentis filius Arcens in armis egregiis’: nam non congruit ut huius filii praetermisso nomine, bis fiat patris commemoratio.

{{ancora+|581|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#580|581.]]}} {{sc|'''symaethia circvm flvmina'''}} Symaethos fluvius est Siciliae, a rege Symaetho dictus, haud longe ab urbe Catinensi, circa quem sunt Palici dei, quorum talis est fabula: Aetnam nympham, vel, ut quidam volunt, Thaliam, Iuppiter cum vitiasset et fecisset gravidam, timens Iunonem, secundum alios ipsam puellam terrae commendavit, et illic enixa est: secundum alios partum eius. postea cum de terra erupissent duo pueri, Palici dicti sunt, quasi iterum venientes: nam {{grc|''πάλιν ἵκειν''}} est iterum venire. hi primo humanis hostiis placabantur, postea quibusdam sacris mitigati sunt et eorum inmutata sacrificia. ideo ergo ‘placabilis ara’, quia mitigata sunt eorum numina. Palicos nauticos deos Varro appellat. alii dicunt Iovem hunc Palicum propter Iunonis iracundiam in aquilam commutasse. alii Vulcani et Aetnae filium tradunt. sed incertum ex qua recondita historia Arcentem istum induxerit: neque enim sine ratione vel lucus Martis appositus est. et quid homo Siculus in hoc bello facit, quem nusquam supra cum Aenea dicit ad Italiam pervenisse?

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''liqvefacto tempora plvmbo diffidit'''}} plumbum enim iactum nimio rotatu et aeris calore dissolvitur: Statius “et arsuras caeli per inania glandes”.

{{ancora+|586|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#585|586.]]}} {{sc|'''porrectvm extendit harena'''}} intellegimus eum cecidisse trans murum. dicendo autem ‘multa’ ostendit corporis proceritatem.

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#585|587.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm primvm bello'''}} hoc loco puerum ideo poeta fecit armari, quia legit in historia pueros de bellis gloriam reportasse: filium Marci Drusi annorum sedecim; Crispini filium Crispinum in Corsica, cum fugeret exercitus Spurii Carvilii consulis, bellum restituisse; apud Soram bello Italico ab Herennio puerum in aciem eductum, a quo hostem occisum spoliatumque; Lucii Tarquinii filium, quem ob hoc pater aurea bulla praetextaque donavit.

{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''minorem germanam'''}} quia maior nympha fuerat, Iovis voluntate.

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#590|592.]]}} {{sc|'''digna atqve indigna relatv'''}} ‘indigna’, id est turpia et obscena, ut dici solet ‘fanda et nefanda’.

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#590|593.]]}} {{sc|'''novo regno'''}} aut nova regii generis adfinitate: aut quia etiam ipsi per regis filiam portio debebatur imperii: aut partem regni a Turno acceperat.

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#590|594.]]}} {{sc|'''ingentem sese clamore ferebat'''}} non erat ingens, sed se esse clamitabat ingentem.

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''itervm'''}} denuo: nam iam tertio obsidentur, et ‘iterum’ non nisi de duobus dicimus.

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#595|596.]]}} {{sc|'''bis capti phryges'''}} semel ab Hercule, post a Graecis. alii tradunt semel a Graecis et nunc a Latinis: hoc et magis aptum esse Numani personae, ut se vicisse existimet, qui tam iactans et petulans inducatur. {{sc|'''morti praetendere mvros'''}} emphasis est; ‘morti’ enim pro ‘bello’ posuit: sic supra “leti discrimina parva”. {{sc|'''morti p. m.'''}}] cum potuerit ‘hosti’ dicere: scilicet ut nihil Troianis reliquum sit, quam perire.

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#595|597.]]}} {{sc|'''nostra convbia'''}} aut quasi Turni cognatus loquitur: aut invidiose retorquet ‘nostra conubia’, et vult causam omnium esse communem.

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#595|598.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ad Italiam.

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#595|599.]]}} {{sc|'''non hic atridae'''}} exaggeratio vituperationis: nam non tantum se Troianis, sed etiam eorum victoribus praefert. potest et ‘Atridae’ intellegi, quorum coniuges aut deserunt maritos, aut interimunt revertentes. {{sc|'''fandi fictor vlixes'''}} aut fallax, aut {{grc|''λογοδαίδαλος''}}, id est qui dolum celat sermonis ornatu.

{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrvm a stirpe genvs'''}} Italiae disciplina et vita laudatur: quam et Cato in originibus et Varro in gente populi Romani commemorat.

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#600|601.]]}} {{sc|'''gelv dvramvs et vndis'''}} undis gelidis: et est {{grc|''ἓν διὰ δυοῖν''}}, ut “hamis auroque trilicem”: nam nemo quod plus est prius dicit; si enim duo essent, ante aquam diceret, sic gelu.

{{ancora+|602|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#600|602.]]}} {{sc|'''venatv'''}} pro ‘venatui’, ut ‘curru’ pro ‘currui’: ablativus dubius, vel pro dativo. {{sc|'''pveri'''}} bene venationem pueris dedit, opus rusticum iam iuvenibus. {{sc|'''silvasqve fatigant'''}} ipsi fatigantur in silvis: aut pro feris silvas posuit, in quibus sunt ferae.

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#600|603.]]}} {{sc|'''flectere lvdvs eqvos'''}} aliorum labor nostrae pueritiae ludus est. ‘flectere’ autem verbo antiquo usus est: nam equites apud veteres flexuntae vocabantur, sicut ait Varro rerum humanarum. sane poeta meminit sui, nam ait superius “ante urbem pueri et primaevo flore iuventus exercentur equis”.

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#600|604.]]}} {{sc|'''at patiens opervm parvoqve adsveta ivventvs'''}} hoc et in georgicis laudat: nam magnae virtutis est in nimio labore parvis esse contentum.

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''terram domat'''}} bene bellico usus est verbo: et ne a re militari discederet, non dixit ‘terras colimus’, sed ‘domamus’, ac si diceret, cum hostes desunt, terras ferro domamus. {{sc|'''qvatit oppida bello'''}} oppidum quidam a vico castelloque magnitudine secernunt: alii locum muro fossave aliave qua munitione conclusum: alii locum aedificiis constitutum, ubi fanum comitium forum et murus sit: alii oppidum dici ab oppositione murorum; vel quod hominibus locus esset oppletus; vel quod opes illo munitionis gratia congestae sunt.

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#605|606.]]}} {{sc|'''ivvencvm terga fatigamvs hasta'''}} agriculturam sine officio belli non gerimus. est autem cacosyntheton et homoeoteleuton: nam †sit ita ‘versa hasta iuvencorum terga fatigamus’, id est caedendo urgemus.

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#605|607.]]}} {{sc|'''sera senectvs'''}} in aliis ‘tarda senectus’.

{{ancora+|608|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#605|608.]]}} {{sc|'''debilitat vires animi'''}} bene ‘animi’, quia non est ausus corporis dicere: nec enim potest fieri, ut quamvis robustus senex vires habeat prioris aetatis et suae conparetur adulescentiae. nunc ergo licet dicat fortes esse etiam senes, bona tamen usus est temperatione, ut diceret nihil animorum vigori derogare temporis vetustatem.

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#605|609.]]}} {{sc|'''canitiem galea premimvs'''}} id est semper militamus.

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#610|611.]]}} {{sc|'''vobis picta croco'''}} vituperatio Troianorum, in qua utitur argumentis, quae in rhetoricis commemorat Cicero, a gente, ab habitu, a gestu, ab animo. et sunt molliores versus, apti ad carpendam mollitiem. sane vestes acu pictas coloribus Phryges primi invenerunt: nam ideo et artifices talium vestium phrygiones appellati sunt. {{sc|'''fvlgenti mvrice'''}} purpura. hanc autem vitio et dedecori apud maiores fuisse constat: Iuvenalis “peregrina ignotaque nobis ad scelus atque nefas quaecumque est, purpura ducit”.

{{ancora+|612|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#610|612.]]}} {{sc|'''desidiae cordi'''}} vobis sunt: et est ab animo argumentum. {{sc|'''choreis'''}} servavit hoc loco naturam syllabae, quam in sexto metri causa corripuit, ut “pars pedibus plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt”.

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#610|613.]]}} {{sc|'''et tvnicae manicas'''}} tunicae vestrae habent manicas, quod etiam Cicero vituperat, dicens “manicatis et talaribus tunicis”: nam colobiis utebantur antiqui. sane ‘habent’ bis audiendum. {{sc|'''et habent redimicvla mitrae'''}} illud dicturus fuerat, habetis in pilleis redimicula: quod convertit in vituperationem maiorem, dicens ‘religatas habetis mitras’. nam pillea virorum sunt, mitrae feminarum, quas calauticas dicunt. mitra autem proprie Lydorum fuit, ut “Maeonia mentum mitra”: quem habitum imitati sunt Troiani. alii mitras meretricum esse voluerunt, quod hic tamquam effeminatis obicitur.

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#610|614.]]}} {{sc|'''o vere phrygiae'''}} ipsos vituperaverat ‘Phryges’, nunc ad maiorem iniuriam Phrygias, non Phryges dicit. {{sc|'''alta dindyma'''}} montes matris deum. ‘ite’ autem ‘per alta’ sic dixit, quasi currite per Dindyma et ducite choros per Dindyma. nec sufficit Numano loqui iniuriam Troianorum, nisi etiam sacris numinum contumeliam faciat. sed hoc iam quasi moriturus loquitur: hoc est enim ‘digna atque indigna relatu vociferans’, ut ‘digna’ sint quae de suorum virtute dixit, ‘indigna’ quae impia et in deos ausus est.

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''biforem dat tibia cantvm'''}} bisonum, inparem. et servavit eis tibiarum suarum, id est Phrygiarum, naturam. nam tibiae aut Serranae dicuntur, quae sunt pares et aequales habent cavernas: aut Phrygiae, quae et inpares sunt et inaequales habent cavernas. ergo ‘biforem’ dissonum, dissimilem; non enim sunt pari modulatione conpositae: ut enim ait Varro “tibia Phrygia dextra unum foramen habet, sinistra duo, quorum unum acutum sonum habet, alterum gravem”.

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#615|616.]]}} {{sc|'''bvxvsqve vocat berecyntia'''}} a monte Berecynto dicta. dicitur autem et ‘haec buxus’ et ‘hoc buxum’, ut “et torno rasile buxum”: unde superfluo quidam arborem generis feminini esse volunt, cum hoc loco etiam de ligno generis feminini habeamus exemplum.

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#615|617.]]}} {{sc|'''et cedite ferro'''}} aut ferrum relinquite, et est iteratio: aut ‘caedite ferro’, id est cum viri non sitis, abscidite partem virorum.

{{ancora+|618|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#615|618.]]}} {{sc|'''iactantem'''}} de suorum gloria. {{sc|'''dira canentem'''}} ad iniuriam Troianorum.

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#615|619.]]}} {{sc|'''nervoqve eqvino'''}} quia in arcubus nervi equini solent esse: Accius Philocteta “tendens nervo equino concita tela”.

{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#620|621.]]}} {{sc|'''ante iovem svpplex per vota precatvs'''}} atqui Apollinem debuit invocare iaculaturus sagittas; sed dicimus ideo Iovem invocatum, quia omne initium et incrementum Iovi debetur, ut “ab Iove principium musae”. unde nunc Ascanius non quid faciat, cogitat, sed quod primum faciat: inde invocat Iovem.

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#620|622.]]}} {{sc|'''ivppiter omnipotens'''}} hoc epitheton interdum ad gloriam numinis ponitur, interdum ad causam dicentis. namque hoc loco dicendo ‘omnipotens’ ostendit eum etiam his qui per se minus valent, praestare posse virtutem.

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#620|623.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse tibi'''}} bene ‘ipse’, quia adhuc pro Ascanio pater solebat sacrificare: nam ideo et ‘sollemnia’ ait, quae fieri solerent, ut se ostenderet, si victoria et pax esset secuta, etiam illius officii capacem esse. {{sc|'''feram sollemnia dona'''}} ‘feram’ de iuvenco non dicimus, sed ‘adducam’. intellegimus ergo alia dona eum ferre promisisse: singulis enim numinibus certa sunt dona quae offeruntur: inde est “strueremque suis altaria donis”, id est congruis.

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#620|624.]]}} {{sc|'''statvam ante aras'''}} aptam se daturum victimam ostendit: alibi “et ductus cornu stabit sacer hircus ad aram”. quotiens enim victima reluctabatur, ostendebat se inprobari: Lucanus “discussa fugit ab ara taurus”. ‘iuvencum’ autem secundum Romanas caerimonias dixit: nam Iovi de tauro non immolabatur, ut etiam in tertio diximus, nisi cum triumphi nomine suovetaurium fiebat: quod tamen ideo admissum est, quia non tantum Iovi, sed et aliis diis qui bello praesunt, sacrificatur. {{sc|'''avrata fronte'''}} ita enim victimae ornari consueverant.

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''candentem'''}} candidum: Iuvenalis “duc in Capitolia magnum cretatumque bovem”. {{sc|'''capvt cvm matre ferentem'''}} aequalem matri, nondum patri: Iuvenalis “quem iam pudet ubera matris ducere, qui vexat nascenti robora cornu”.

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#625|627.]]}} {{sc|'''de parte serena'''}} ut non causae sit, sed augurii, et auspicii vis ostenderetur: solent enim tonitrua per tempestatem inferri.

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#625|628.]]}} {{sc|'''intonvit laevvm'''}} prosperum: ut enim etiam supra diximus, quae sinistra nobis videntur, intuentibus caelum, illic dextra sunt: non quod sinistra bona sunt, sed quod dextra caeli nobis sinistra sunt. {{sc|'''sonat vna fatifer arcvs'''}} simul atque cognovit augurium.

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#625|629.]]}} {{sc|'''et fvgit'''}} melius ‘effugit’ legitur. et figura est ‘horrendum effugit’.

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve capvt remvli venit'''}} figmenta haec vulnerum plerumque non sine ratione ponunt poetae: nam modo hunc ideo in capite dicit esse percussum, quia eum supra vaniloquum introduxerat et superbum: quod vitio capitis evenit: Horatius “attollens vacuum plus nimio gloria verticem”. sic Homerus Thersiten a tergo vulneratum dicit usque ad praecordia — nam ait {{grc|''μετάφρενα''}} — quia eum stultum induxerat. item de Achille dicit {{grc|''πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς''}}, quem legimus in talo esse vulneratum. vel ideo ‘per caput et cava tempora’, ut divinitus misso telo nulla pars alia corporis, sed caput vulneraretur, scilicet ut hominis, qui infanda et impia de religionibus dixerat, sacrilegium capite expiaretur.

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#630|631.]]}} {{sc|'''virtvtem inlvde'''}} ‘inludo tibi’ et ‘insulto tibi’ dicimus: nam ‘inludo te’ figuratum est, ut hoc loco, item ‘insulto te’: Sallustius “multos a pueritia bonos insultaverat”.

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#630|632.]]}} {{sc|'''haec rvtvlis'''}} pro ‘talia’: vitavit pronomen.

{{ancora+|633|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#630|633.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc tantvm ascanivs'''}} et dixit et fecit.

{{ancora+|634|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#630|634.]]}} {{sc|'''animosqve ad s. t.'''}} aut suos, aut Ascanii, per favorem.

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#635|636.]]}} {{sc|'''acies vrbemqve'''}} syllepsis.

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#635|637.]]}} {{sc|'''nvbe sedens'''}} sicut solent numina: Iuno “nec tu me aeria solam nunc sede videres digna indigna pati”. {{sc|'''victorem'''}} bene ei qui unum occiderat, addidit dignitatem. {{sc|'''adfatvr ivlvm'''}} non ita, ut Iulus audiret.

Event Date: -1000
§ 9.641a  {{sc|'''macte'''}} magis aucte, adfecte gloria. et est sermo tractus a sacris: quotiens enim aut tus aut vinum super victimam fundebatur, dicebant ‘mactus est taurus vino vel ture’, hoc est cumulata est hostia et magis aucta. ‘macte’ ergo pro ‘mactus esto’, vocativum pro nominativo posuit, ut Persius “stemmate quod Tusco ramum millesime ducis censoremve tuum vel quod trabeate salutas” pro ‘millesimus’ et ‘trabeatus’, et Vergilius “vicinosque ignare paras invadere portus” pro ‘ignarus’, et alibi “quos Amasene pater” pro ‘Amasenus’: sic ergo et ‘macte’ pro ‘mactus’. quod autem ‘esto’ non addidit, ab antiquitate descivit; nam veteres ‘macte esto’ dicebant. sed hoc secutus suam consuetudinem fecit: nam et alibi “dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos” et iterum “dives quae munera Dido” praetermisit cuius rei dives, cum veteres ‘dives illius rei’ dicerent, quod ipse alibi “dives opum variarum” et “dives pictai vestis et auri”. item cum veteres natalem diem vel locum vel tempus dicerent, ut Horatius “natalemque mares Delon Apollinis” et Plautus in Pseudolo “natalem hunc mihi diem scitis esse” (Ps. 179), Vergilius his omissis dixit “Phyllida mitte mihi, meus est natalis, Iolla”. ergo et hic ita subtraxit; nam integrum est ‘macte esto nova virtute puer’. ‘mactus’ autem apud veteres etiam ‘mactatus’ dicebatur, ut Ennius “Livius inde redit magno mactatus triumpho”. et Lucilius lib. V. “macte, inquam, virtute simulque his versibus esto”, et in pontificalibus sacrificantes dicebant deo “macte hoc vino inferio esto”. {{sc|'''nova virtvte'''}} aut magna et mira, ut “Pollio et ipse facit nova carmina”: aut re vera ‘nova’, id est rudi, quantum ad bellum.

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#635|639.]]}} {{sc|'''dis genite'''}} propter Venerem. {{sc|'''genitvre deos'''}} propter Iulium Caesarem et Augustum. {{sc|'''ivre'''}} merito.

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb assaraci'''}} sub gente Romana: Assaracus enim pater est Capyos, avus Anchisae. {{sc|'''fato ventvra'''}} magna: haec enim bella sunt gravia, quae fatali ratione contingunt, ut Troiana et Thebana. {{sc|'''resident'''}} sedabuntur, ut tempestatem residere dicimus.

Event Date: -1000
§ 9.641b  {{sc|'''nec te troia capit'''}} vel maior es, quam patria, vel maior es meritis, quam civitas in qua nunc es: Lucanus de Caesare “plus patria potuisse sua”.

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#640|642.]]}} {{sc|'''spirantes'''}} vitales, quibus spiramus et vivimus.

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#640|643.]]}} {{sc|'''petit'''}} notandum ‘petit’ sine insidiis dictum.

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#640|644.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqvvm in bvten'''}} hic Butes semel hic nominatur, ut in V. Nautes.

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''fidvsqve ad limina cvstos'''}} aedituus fuit: quod, ut supra diximus, in ingenti honore apud maiores fuit. illic enim et epulabantur et deos colebant; census etiam omnis illic servabatur: quod et Plautus docet in Asinaria, in qua inducit Sauriam, servum atriensem, in tota familia plurimum posse. ‘ad limina’ sane figuratum.

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#645|648.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sonoribvs arma'''}} strepitu terribilia. et utrum saeva arma quae habent sonorem, ut “aurea bullis cingula”, an etiam sonoribus saeva?

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#645|649.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentem'''}} desiderio dimicandi: unde ‘animosque ad sidera tollunt’ melius Ascanii intellegimus, sicut Statius de Menoeceo “et laudibus inplet honestis”.

{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''aenide'''}} patronymicon hoc non venit ab eo, quod est ‘hic Aeneas’: nam ‘hic Aeneades’ et ‘o Aeneade’ faceret.

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#650|651.]]}} {{sc|'''primam hanc tibi magnvs apollo'''}} dicendo ‘primam hanc’ pollicetur et aliam. concedere autem se ideo dixit, quia sagittarum deus est: et licet eum Iuppiter iuverit, Apollo tamen sibi suum officium vindicat, quod dicit se concessisse, quia non prohibuit. ea enim quae ab aliis numinibus poscimus, tunc inplentur, si non adversantur numina quorum propria sunt quae poscimus: unde et in quarto Iuno ait “adero et, tua si mihi certa voluntas”, hoc est, quod in me est, iungam eos: restat ut et tu tuum inpleri velis officium.

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#650|652.]]}} {{sc|'''paribvs non invidet armis'''}} pari gloriae: nam ut Apollo puer occiso Pythone ultus est matris iniuriam, sic Ascanius occiso Numano Troianorum castra iniuriasque defendit. ‘paribus’ ergo ‘armis’, id est similibus, non peritia, sed genere victoriae.

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#650|653.]]}} {{sc|'''cetera'''}} deinceps: et est adverbium. {{sc|'''cetera'''}}] id est in ceterum: est autem Ennianum “cetera quos peperisti ne cures”. {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} modo locutus, id est pro eo qui desierit: alias coepit, quod magis est proprium, ut “sic Venus, et Veneris contra sic filius orsus”.

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#650|654.]]}} {{sc|'''medio sermone'''}} ideo ‘medio’, quia non respondit Ascanius. sermo est enim duorum vel plurium oratio.

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#655|657.]]}} {{sc|'''fvga'''}} abscessu. et more suo abeuntes deos inducit agnosci. {{sc|'''pharetramqve f. s.'''}} {{sc|'''sonantem'''}} quia dixit supra “et saeva sonoribus arma”.

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#655|658.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis'''}} propter auditam orationem. {{sc|'''nvmine'''}} propter agnitum deum.

{{ancora+|660|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#660|660.]]}} {{sc|'''animasqve in aperta pericvla mittvnt'''}} plus enim quam manifesta sunt praesentia pericula, quando audientibus Troianis bello prohibebatur Ascanius, ne periclitaretur.

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#660|662.]]}} {{sc|'''intendvnt acres arcvs'''}} pro ‘ipsi acres’: ut enim et in primo diximus, arcum unusquisque habet pro viribus suis. {{sc|'''ammentaqve torqvent'''}} pro ‘tela ammentis torquent’: nam ammentum est lorum, quo media hasta religatur et iacitur.

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#660|664.]]}} {{sc|'''flictv'''}} pro adflictu, vel inflictu, id est ictu: nam detraxit more suo praepositionem. et loquutus est iuxta antiquum morem: Pacuvius Teucro “flictus navium”.

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''plvvialibvs haedis'''}} supra tauri cornua est signum, cui auriga nomen est: hunc cum tauro una clara stella coniungit. retinet autem auriga stellas duas in manu, quae Haedi vocantur, et capram quam Amaltheam dicunt: quorum et ortus et occasus tempestates gravissimas facit. oriuntur autem cum scorpione mense Octobri.

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#665|667.]]}} {{sc|'''ivppiter'''}} aer, ut “manet sub Iove frigido venator” Horatius.

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''edvxit'''}} quidam pro ‘educavit’ volunt intellegi.

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#670|671.]]}} {{sc|'''montibvs aeqvos'''}} Idae, vel eius arboribus exaequandos.

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#670|672.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcis imperio commissa'''}} aut quae eis fuerat commissa imperio absentis Aeneae: aut, quod est melius, quae imperio Aeneae fuerat ‘commissa’, id est clausa: unde et commissurae dicuntur coniunctiones tabularum. secundum superiorem sensum contrarium est quod dixit ‘rectores iuvenum et rerum dedit esse magistros’. Aeneas enim abscedens principibus omnium rerum commiserat curam. alii ‘ducis’ Ascanium accipiunt. alii commissam ideo clausam accipiunt, quia superius lectum est ‘heia ingenti clamore per omnes condunt se Teucri portas’: quietis enim rebus portae patebant, per quas se Teucri sub adventum hostis receperant: propterea quod ait ‘namque ita discedens praeceperat optimus armis Aeneas, si qua interea fortuna fuisset, non aequo dare se campo, non obvia ferre arma viros, sed castra fovere’. sane ‘commissa’ deest ‘sibi’ vel ‘illis’. {{sc|'''dvcis imperio commissa'''}} scimus quod Mnestheo et aliis ducibus imperaverat Aeneas, ad petenda auxilia proficiscens, ne portas aperirent, ut ‘castra modo et tutos servarent aggere muros’. item legimus Mnesthea et Serestum ductores fuisse et rerum magistros, non Pandarum et Bitiam: unde apparet quia hunc locum male intellexit Donatus, dicens, commissam portam, id est creditam, Pandaro et Bitiae: qui duces non erant. Cornutus vere et melius sensit, dicens, portam quae ducis imperio commissa fuerat, hoc est clausa, eam aperuerunt. commissura enim dicitur tabularum coniunctio, sicut Cicero in Fundaniana meminit. ergo melius est ut commissam dicamus clausam, quam creditam Pandaro et Bitiae.

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#670|673.]]}} {{sc|'''moenibvs'''}} pro ‘in moenia’.

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#670|674.]]}} {{sc|'''pro tvrribvs'''}} aut vice turrium: aut pro defensione.

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''armati ferro'''}} aut bene instructi armis: aut, ut Asper dicit, ferrea corda habentes, id est dura et cruenta cogitantes: ut Ennium sit secutus qui ait “succincti corda machaeris”.

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#675|676.]]}} {{sc|'''liqvetia flvmina'''}} iuxta Padum et Athesin, Venetiae flumina, est etiam fluvius Liquetius, quem nunc commemorat. ergo ‘Liquetia’ proprium est nomen, non epitheton, ne incipiamus a generalitate ad speciem reverti: quod vitiosum est, ut si dicas ‘circa flumina nascuntur arbores’ et sic inferas ‘circa Tiberim vel Anienem’; sufficit enim dixisse ‘circa flumina’ generaliter. unde apparet quia ‘Liquetia’ legendum est, non ‘liquentia’. {{sc|'''liqventia flvmina'''}} Padus, Italiae fluvius, aliquot provincias dextra laevaque contingit, inter quas et Venetiae partem praeterfluit. Athesis Venetiae fluvius est, Veronam civitatem ambiens et in Padum cadens. Liquetia Venetiae fluvius est inter Altinum et Concordiam, quem nunc commemorat. nam ‘Liquetia’ non est epitheton: nemo enim a generalitate transit ad species.

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#675|678.]]}} {{sc|'''intonsaqve caelo a. c.'''}} hoc ad supra dictas cristas refertur. {{sc|'''geminae qvercvs'''}} non quia tantum duae nascuntur; sed ad istorum similitudinem respexit, id est quando similes elevantur quercus.

{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#680|681.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlcher aqvicvlvs armis'''}} ut ‘pulcher vestibus’, sic ‘pulcher armis’, hoc est per arma: quod erat armorum retulit ad personam. et melius figuratum, quam si dixisset ‘pulchris armis’.

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#680|682.]]}} {{sc|'''praeceps animi'''}} figurate genetivo iunxit; nam dicimus ‘praeceps iracundia’ ‘praeceps furore’. {{sc|'''mavortivs haemon'''}} non Martis filius, sed bellicosus.

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#680|683.]]}} {{sc|'''agminibvs totis'''}} deest ‘ab’: et significat eos primo fugatos esse, mox occisos: aut certe aliquos fugatos, aliquos interemptos. quidam dubium putant, utrum ‘ab agminibus totis terga dedere’, an ‘ab agminibus versi’.

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#680|684.]]}} {{sc|'''posvere in limine vitam'''}} ut “animasque in vulnere ponunt”.

{{ancora+|685|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#685|685.]]}} {{sc|'''animis discordibvs'''}} hostilibus, scilicet Troianorum, qui a Rutulis discordabant.

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#685|689.]]}} {{sc|'''nvntivs'''}} et qui nuntiat dicitur, et qui nuntiatur; sed modo hic quod nuntiatur.

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#690|692.]]}} {{sc|'''fratresqve s.'''}} quos supra dixit portam tenere.

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#690|693.]]}} {{sc|'''se primvs agebat'''}} iuxta veteres ‘se agebat’ pro ‘veniebat’, ut “ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat”, Plautus in Mostellaria “unde agis te?” ut enim nos e contrario dicimus ‘duco me’, ita illi ‘agit se’, †{{sc|'''apo'''}} ThOU DLN. ‘se agebat’, hoc est incedebat, ut “sese Palinurus agebat”. tractus autem sermo est a ratione physica; nam agitur corpus animi iudicio: unde Terentius “quo te agis?”

{{ancora+|694|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#690|694.]]}} {{sc|'''thebana de matre'''}} parenthesis est. sane Thebae aliae Aegyptiae, aliae Boeotiae, aliae Phrygiae. {{sc|'''sarpedonis alti'''}} id est nobilis.

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''itala cornvs'''}} telum de Itala cornu factum. et materiam pro opere posuit.

{{ancora+|696|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#695|696.]]}} {{sc|'''stomacho'''}} Graecus sermo est.

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#695|697.]]}} {{sc|'''specvs vvlneris'''}} poetica exaggeratio: specum enim pro cavatione posuit.

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#695|698.]]}} {{sc|'''et fixo ferrvm in pvlmone'''}} et ferrum fixum, et pulmonem fixum possumus accipere.

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#695|699.]]}} {{sc|'''erymanta manv'''}} ‘manu’ id est gladio comminus ferit: nam et illi de quibus superius dixit, manu occisi sunt, sed misso iaculo. ergo ad differentiam teli iacti accipe ‘manu’, id est gladio.

{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentem ocvlis animisqve frementem'''}} et gestu corporis et mente commotum.

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#700|701.]]}} {{sc|'''neqve enim iacvlo'''}} parenthesis. {{sc|'''vitam dedisset'''}} pro ‘reddidisset’.

{{ancora+|702|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#700|702.]]}} {{sc|'''falarica venit'''}} de hoc telo legitur quia est ingens, torno factum, habens ferrum cubitale et rotunditatem de plumbo in modum sphaerae. in ipsa summitate dicitur etiam ignem habere adfixum, stuppa circumdatum et pice oblitum, incensumque aut vulnere hostem aut igne consumit. hoc autem telo pugnatur de turribus, quas falas dici manifestum est: unde et in circo falae dicuntur divisiones inter euripum et metas, quod ibi constructis ad tempus turribus, his telis pugna edi solebat: Iuvenalis “consulit ante falas delphinorumque columnas”. ergo a falis dicta est falarica, sicut a muro muralis. sane falaricam Lucanus dixit nervis mitti tortilibus et quadam machina, ut “hunc aut tortilibus vibrata falarica nervis obruat”, Vergilius vero ait Turnum manu iaculari potuisse: unde apparet aut a Lucano ad auxesin illius qui occidendus fuerat, esse dictum, aut a Vergilio ad laudem Turni, qui talem hastam manu iaculatus est.

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#700|703.]]}} {{sc|'''fvlminis acta modo'''}} amat tela cum impetu venientia fulminibus comparare. {{sc|'''tavrea terga'''}} usurpavit pro ‘taurina’, alibi “taurinis follibus”: unde, sicut et Plinius dicit, derivationes firmas non habent regulas, sed exeunt prout auctoribus placet. bene autem per transitum eius arma descripsit.

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#700|704.]]}} {{sc|'''dvplici sqvama et avro'''}} id est duplicibus squamis aureis. squamae autem sunt loricarum catenae in modum squamae conpositae. sane squama et splendorem significat, si a piscibus veniat, et sordes, si a squalore; sed in Vergilio splendorem ubique significat.

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#705|706.]]}} {{sc|'''et clipevm svper intonat ingens'''}} aut ipse ingens super clipeum intonat: aut ingens clipeum supra ipsum tonat: nam lectum est etiam ‘hoc clipeum’, ut probat Caper: quod magis debemus accipere: nam Homerum imitatus est, qui ait {{grc|''ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχε᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ''}}.

{{ancora+|707|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#705|707.]]}} {{sc|'''evboico baiarvm litore'''}} bene ‘Baiarum’ addidit, ne Euboeam insulam intellegeremus, unde Chalcidenses venerunt, qui condiderunt Cumas, quae sunt Bais vicinae. Postumius de adventu Aeneae et Lutatius communium historiarum Boiam Euximi comitis Aeneae nutricem, et ab eius nomine Boias vocatas dicunt: veteres tamen portum Baias dixisse. Varro a Baio Ulixis comite, qui illic sepultus est, Baias dictas tradit. {{sc|'''qvondam'''}} hic ‘quondam’ pro expletiva posuit. alii ‘quondam’ medii temporis volunt: quidam ‘quondam’ ad perpetuitatem temporis referunt, hoc est ‘ut solet fieri’.

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#705|709.]]}} {{sc|'''ponto iacivnt'''}} hoc est ‘contra pontum’. {{sc|'''sic illa'''}} ‘sic’ protrahendum: nam cum dixisset ‘talis’, addidit ‘sic illa’. {{sc|'''rvinam prona trahit'''}} ita enim exaedificatur.

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#710|712.]]}} {{sc|'''prochyta alta tremit'''}} atqui haec insula plana est; sed epitheton de praeterito traxit: nam, ut dicit Plinius in naturali historia, Inarimes mons fuit qui terrae motu de ea fusus alteram insulam fecit, quae Prochyta ab effusione dicta est: fundere enim est {{grc|''ἐκχέειν''}}. ‘Prochyta’ ergo ‘alta’ quondam scilicet. hanc Naevius in primo belli Punici de cognata Aeneae nomen accepisse dicit. sed Inarime nunc Aenaria dicitur. et saepe fulgoribus petitur ob hoc quod Typhoeum premat, et quia in †eamdi contumeliam simiae missae sunt, quas Etruscorum lingua arimos dicunt: ob quam causam Pithecusam etiam vocitant: licet diversi auctores varie dicant: nam alii hanc insulam Typhoeum, alii Enceladum tradunt premere. et putatur nove dictum ‘Inarime’, quod et singulari numero, et addita syllaba dixerit, cum Homerus {{grc|''εἰν Ἀρίμοις''}} posuerit, ut prior syllaba praepositionis locum obtineat. Livius in libro nonagesimo quarto Inarimen in Maeoniae partibus esse dicit, ubi per quinquaginta milia terrae igni exustae sunt. hoc etiam Homerum significasse vult. {{sc|'''dvrvmqve cvbile'''}} hoc est mortiferum, ad poenam statutum.

{{ancora+|715|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#715|715.]]}} {{sc|'''stimvlos acres'''}} saeviendi scilicet: nam sunt et timoris et libidinis stimuli. notanda quoque prooeconomia, quae id agit ut veri simile sit, Turnum victorem evasisse de castris.

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#715|717.]]}} {{sc|'''vndiqve convenivnt'''}} non dicit qui conveniunt, sed illi sine dubio, quibus Mars iniecit audaciam, inventa oportunitate inruperunt castra Troiana. {{sc|'''qvoniam'''}} postquam.

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#720|722.]]}} {{sc|'''obnixvs'''}} conisus, conabundus.

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#720|723.]]}} {{sc|'''dvro in certamine liqvit'''}} sine spe evadendi.

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#720|724.]]}} {{sc|'''ast alios secvm inclvdit'''}} pro hostibus, quoniam multos suos exclusisset: Statius “par operis iactura lucro: namque hoste recepto exclusere suos”. potest tamen et dubium esse ‘includit’ utrum hostes, an suos? {{sc|'''vltro'''}} insuper.

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''demens'''}} pathos per personam poetae proferendum. {{sc|'''demens'''}} hoc ex affectione sua posuit poeta: alibi “sed tum forte cava dum personat aequora concha, demens, et cantu vocat in certamina divos”. {{sc|'''rvtvlvm'''}} potest accusativus esse, potest et genetivus.

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#730|734.]]}} {{sc|'''dotalis regia amatae'''}} aut tibi data per dotem; aut quae sperabatur. et bene ‘Amatae’, quae illum sola generum esse cupiebat contra mariti iudicium: ergo eum mulieri probatum, non viro dicit. notandum sane quia id agit, ut ostendat se non per inprudentiam Turnum inclusisse, sed illum per temeritatem sibi minime profutura castra penetrasse.

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#735|736.]]}} {{sc|'''exire'''}} pro ‘exeundi’.

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#735|737.]]}} {{sc|'''olli svbridens'''}} magnam confidentiam virtutis ostendit.

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#735|739.]]}} {{sc|'''priamo narrabis achillem'''}} propter illud Sibyllae “alius Latio iam partus Achilles”. et dictum est, ut illud “degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento”.

{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''rvdem nodis'''}} non levem, nec pulchram, sed fortem. {{sc|'''cortice crvdo'''}} viridi: nam hastae igni plerumque torrentur.

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#740|742.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlnvs satvrnia ivno detorsit veniens'''}} ‘vulnus veniens’, id est ictum, quo vulnerari debuit. plerique, sed non idonei commentatores dicunt, hoc loco occisum Turnum, sed causa oeconomiae gloriam a poeta Aeneae esse servatam: quod falsum est. nam si veritatem historiae requiras, primo proelio interemptus Latinus est in arce: inde ubi Turnus Aenean vidit superiorem, Mezentii imploravit auxilium: secundo proelio Turnus occisus est, et nihilo minus Aeneas postea non conparuit: tertio proelio Mezentium occidit Ascanius. hoc Livius dicit et Cato in originibus.

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#740|744.]]}} {{sc|'''telvm'''}} hoc loco ‘telum’ gladium dixit a longitudine: unde et mustela dicitur, quasi mus longus. telum autem posuisse pro gladio illud significat, quod infert paulo post ‘consurgit in ensem’. {{sc|'''versat'''}} librat, iactat: et est Ennianum “versat mucronem”.

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''is'''}} talis, par, similis.

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#745|746.]]}} {{sc|'''alte consvrgit in ensem'''}} genus feriendi Gallicanum: Sallustius “regressi ad faciliores ictus loco cedebant”.

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#745|748.]]}} {{sc|'''inpvbesqve'''}} pathos ex aetate movit.

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#750|752.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc capvt'''}} ‘huc pependit’ figurate.

{{ancora+|756|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#755|756.]]}} {{sc|'''bello gentiqve fvisset'''}} duo dicit: et bellum finiri potuit omnibus interemptis, et gens penitus fuisset extincta occiso Ascanio, a quo Romani ducunt originem. ideo ‘bello gentique’ dixit, quia plerumque bellum finitur gente superstite, ut in bello Troiano contigit.

{{ancora+|757|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#755|757.]]}} {{sc|'''caedisqve insana cvpido'''}} oeconomia est, quae excusat Turnum, cur non a porta fugatis Troianis, penitus deleta sint castra.

{{ancora+|759|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#755|759.]]}} {{sc|'''principio'''}} intra castra, post Troianorum fugam. {{sc|'''svcciso poplite gygen excipit'''}} ordo est: excipit et succidit poplitem, ut “postibus haesit adesis” et “scuta latentia condunt”: nam ante fuit ut eum circumveniret insidiis. ‘poples’ autem ‘po’ correpta est, sicut in Sereno legitur; sed producitur positione.

{{ancora+|760|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#760|760.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} nec loci est, nec temporis, sed ordinis, id est ‘deinde’. {{sc|'''raptas'''}} autem ‘de hostilibus cadaveribus’; nam quod dicit Donatus ‘ab armigero’, non procedit; nec enim lectum est, cum solus inclusus fuerit Turnus, ut post ait ‘unus homo’: quamvis possit, sicut in X. “suggere tela mihi” et “tum magnam corripit hastam et iacit”.

{{ancora+|761|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#760|761.]]}} {{sc|'''ivno vires animvmqve ministrat'''}} oeconomia, ut quod dicit possit esse veri simile. {{sc|'''ivno vires animvmqve ministrat'''}} ne sit incongruum unum tot occidisse, dat Iunonis auxilium: Horatius in arte poetica “nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus inciderit”.

{{ancora+|763|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#760|763.]]}} {{sc|'''martemqve cientes'''}} pugnam agitantes.

{{ancora+|764|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#760|764.]]}} {{sc|'''alcandrvmqve halivmqve noemonaqve prytanimqve'''}} Homeri versus, tantum coniunctione mutata: unde apparet non ad historiam, sed ad ornatum poematis haec nomina pertinere.

{{ancora+|765|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#765|765.]]}} {{sc|'''tendentem contra'''}} in se facientem impetum.

{{ancora+|768|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#765|768.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm galea longe iacvit capvt'''}} ad exprimendam celeritatem praeterito usus est tempore. potuisse autem caput cum galea longe iaci, praemissa loci altitudo significat. ergo eum comminus percussum intellegamus, sed tantam vim ictus fuisse, ut longe caput excuteret.

{{ancora+|769|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#765|769.]]}} {{sc|'''felicior'''}} peritior; nam in ungendis telis non est felicitas, sed peritia. sane nec ‘ungo’ nec ‘ungentum’ u recipit, excepto uno nomine, ut ‘unguen’; unde est “et pingues unguine ceras”. est autem mira brevitate inducta descriptio.

{{ancora+|770|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#770|770.]]}} {{sc|'''ferrvmqve armare veneno'''}} speciose dictum ‘armabat ferrum’, quo nos armare consuevimus: ut ex venenato ferro vehementius et perniciosius vulnus sit.

{{ancora+|771|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#770|771.]]}} {{sc|'''amicvm crethea mvsis'''}} poetam lyricum. et tale est schema per repetitionem, ut “sequitur pulcherrimus Astur, Astur equo fidens”.

{{ancora+|772|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#770|772.]]}} {{sc|'''mvsarvm comitem'''}} non re vera ‘comitem’, sed carminum studiosum.

{{ancora+|773|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#770|773.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmerosqve intendere nervis'''}} rhythmos facere intentione nervorum: nam numeri sunt rhythmi, ut “numeros memini, si verba tenerem”. hoc ergo dicit: secundum chordas verba conponebat.

{{ancora+|775|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#775|775.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita caede svorvm'''}} servat to prepon, ne praesentibus ducibus Turnus tot strages fecisse videatur.

{{ancora+|778|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#775|778.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo deinde fvgam'''}} aut vacat ‘deinde’, ut ‘tandem’ ‘gentium’ ‘locorum’: aut intellegimus mente eum tractasse quod de campis milites solent ad castra confugere, et sic dixisse ‘quo deinde'? scilicet, de castris quo fugietis ulterius? et hoc est melius; unde et sequitur ‘quos alios muros’. et sic est dictum post cogitationem ‘quo deinde'? sicut Terentius dixit “quid igitur faciam?” est ea autem amara accusatio.

{{ancora+|780|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#780|780.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs homo'''}} ac si diceret ‘mortalis’. et bona attenuatio, cum supra dixerit ‘Rutulum in medio non agmine regem’.

{{ancora+|783|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#780|783.]]}} {{sc|'''infelicis patriae'''}} Troiae, in qua nunc sunt. {{sc|'''vetervmqve deorvm'''}} Penates significat, quos semper coluere Troiani.

{{ancora+|784|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#780|784.]]}} {{sc|'''miseretqve pvdetqve'''}} sic Pallas “nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris”.

{{ancora+|788|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#785|788.]]}} {{sc|'''acrivs hoc tevcri'''}} cum eum decedentem viderent.

{{ancora+|789|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#785|789.]]}} {{sc|'''cev saevvm tvrba leonem'''}} sensus hic est: haud aliter Turnus retro cedens petebat fluvium, ac solet leo, pressus multitudine, nec terga praebere propter iram et pudorem, nec posse, licet cupiat, in venantes impetum facere.

{{ancora+|793|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#790|793.]]}} {{sc|'''ille qvidem'''}} parenthesis. {{sc|'''potis est'''}} ‘ille’ enim ‘tendere contra potis est per tela virosque’.

{{ancora+|796|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#795|796.]]}} {{sc|'''invaserat hostes'''}} aut speciem praeteriti temporis mutavit, aut tempora: nam cum dixisset ‘invaserat’, subiunxit ‘vertit’.

{{ancora+|799|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#795|799.]]}} {{sc|'''nec contra vires avdet satvrnia ivno svfficere'''}} atqui favente numine debuit etiam contra multitudinem posse; sed hoc Iuppiter vetuit. {{sc|'''svfficere'''}} subministrare.

{{ancora+|801|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#800|801.]]}} {{sc|'''havd mollia ivssa ferentem'''}} melius quam Homerus hunc locum exsecutus est: salvo enim sensu vitavit et fabulosa et vilia; nam ille ipsas minas exsequitur.

{{ancora+|803|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#800|803.]]}} {{sc|'''ergo'''}} quia numinis est desertus auxilio.

{{ancora+|804|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#800|804.]]}} {{sc|'''nec dextra valet'''}} cum dixisset ‘clipeo’, non subiunxit gladium, sed dextram, ut ostenderet, eum nec se armis tegendo, nec hostem telis petendo valuisse.

{{ancora+|805|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#805|805.]]}} {{sc|'''telis obrvitvr'''}} Lucanus eundem sensum per declamationem “telorum nimbo peritura et pondere ferri”. {{sc|'''tempora circvm'''}} totus locus Homeri est.

{{ancora+|807|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#805|807.]]}} {{sc|'''ivbae capiti'''}} pro ‘quae in capite sunt’. {{sc|'''vmbo'''}} id est scutum, nam a parte totum significat.

{{ancora+|810|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#810|810.]]}} {{sc|'''et picevm nec respirare potestas flvmen agit'''}} ordo est ‘sudor piceum flumen agit’, hoc est sordidum, quia sine respiratione pugnabat.

{{ancora+|811|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#810|811.]]}} {{sc|'''fessos qvatit aeger anhelitvs'''}} Probus ait “commodius hic est ‘aeger’, quam in quinto ‘vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus’: quamvis consuetudo sit Vergilio ista mutandi”. quidam ‘acer’ legunt: et volunt in quinto ‘aeger’ aptius dictum de sene, hic de iuvene ‘acer’ melius convenire.

{{ancora+|812|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#810|812.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm demvm'''}} postquam se aliter evadere posse non vidit. {{sc|'''omnibvs armis'''}} ‘cum’ minus est.

{{ancora+|813|[[Aeneis/Liber IX#810|813.]]}} {{sc|'''ille svo cvm gvrgite flavo'''}} hysterologia est ‘cum ille eum excepit’: non enim procedit ‘cum suo gurgite’, quasi posset fieri, ut eum Tiberis sine suis fluentis exciperet. sane quaerunt multi, cum Tiberis Aeneae faveat, cur liberaverit Turnum; sed solvitur ista ratione: nam ob hoc Turnum esse liberatum, ut maior Aeneae gloria servaretur. alii tradunt a Thybride, qui Aeneae favet, nunc Turnum in Iunonis gratiam esse servatum.
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VIII
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VIII
|Post = Commentarius X
|PostNomen = ../Liber X
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber VIII</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276884</id>
      <parentid>271067</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T00:18:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
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      <text bytes="215202" sha1="eibscujywmxjassr3t90o81ezszwm9m" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber VIII|librum VIII]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin02servuoft/page/199/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VII
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VII
|Post = Commentarius IX
|PostNomen = ../Liber IX
}}

*[''Inclinatis litteris scripta sunt scholia quae, sine certis dominis,  {{wl|Q3384616|Petrus Daniel Aurelianensis}} 1600 anno primum eddidit.''
*''Rotundis uncis inclusa est scriptura scholiarum Daniele additarum ex codice Parisino (1750) quam integram editor istius editionis, cum plerumque ei videretur emendanda, addidit.''
*''Quadratis uncis inclusa sunt illa quae videbantur Danieli ex eodem abicienda.'']

{{regula}}

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''vt belli signvm lavrenti tvrnvs ab arce extvlit'''}} apud maiores nostros tria erant militiae genera in bellis gerendis: nam aut legitima erat militia aut coniuratio aut evocatio. legitima erat militia eorum, qui singuli iurabant pro republica se esse facturos, nec discedebant nisi completis stipendiis, id est militiae temporibus: et sacramentum vocabatur, ut “fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura”. aut certe si esset tumultus, id est bellum Italicum vel Gallicum, in quibus ex periculi vicinitate erat timor multus, quia singulos interrogare non vacabat, qui fuerat ducturus exercitum ibat ad Capitolium et exinde proferens duo vexilla, unum russeum, quod pedites evocabat, et unum caeruleum, quod erat equitum — nam caeruleus color maris est, a cuius deo equum constat inventum — dicebat ‘qui rem publicam salvam esse vult, me sequatur’, et qui convenissent, simul iurabant: et dicebatur ista militia coniuratio. alii album et roseum vexilla tradunt, et roseum bellorum, album comitiorum signum fuisse. fiebat etiam evocatio: nam ad diversa loca diversi propter cogendos mittebantur exercitus. modo ergo duo sunt genera militiae, coniuratio et evocatio, quippe in tumultu. sane incongruum non est quod signum belli, id est vexilli elevationem Turno dat: aut quia de rege Latino dixerat supra “rerumque reliquit habenas”: aut quia Turnus furore succensus maluit ipse efficere quam iubere, ut omnes abrumperet moras: aut quia, sicut dictum est, Latinus, cui soli imperandi hoc ius erat, abstinuerat et nemo, illo abstinente, parebat. Turnus ergo ideo huius modi officium arripuit, quia, etsi ipse non imperabat, tamen prohiberi non poterat. ‘belli’ autem ‘signum’ generaliter dixit, nam multa sunt: sed vexillum significat, quod est tractum a veli diminutione, ut ‘velum vexillum’. {{sc|'''ab arce'''}} quoniam vexillum in arce poni solebat, quod esset specimen imperati exercitus.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''strepvervnt cornva'''}} quae simul sonabant, ut “aereaque adsensu conspirant cornua rauco”.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''vtqve acris concvssit eqvos'''}} hoc ad equites pertinet. et utrum hoc epitheton equorum perpetuum est, an dum concutiuntur? {{sc|'''vtqve impvlit arma'''}} hoc ad pedites. est autem sacrorum: nam is qui belli susceperat curam, sacrarium Martis ingressus primo ancilia commovebat, post hastam simulacri ipsius, dicens ‘Mars vigila’. quidam sane suos equos et sua arma de Turno tradunt, scilicet ut ceteris esset exemplum.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} aut subito: aut re vera ex ipso templo, id est post divina arma commota. {{sc|'''tvmvltv trepido'''}} festino: more suo. non enim timere poterant qui pericula iungebant.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''conivrat'''}} nota de re bona coniurationem dici posse: nam coniuratio ton meson est. {{sc|'''ivventvs effera'''}} efferata per furiam, ut “arma velit poscatque simul”.

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#5|6.]]}} {{sc|'''primi'''}} utrum ordine, an dignitate? {{sc|'''messapvs et vfens'''}} bona electio personarum ad dilectum habendum: unus eques bonus, id est Messapus, mittitur, alter pedes egregius.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#5|7.]]}} {{sc|'''contemptorqve devm mezentivs'''}} quis enim iustius quam sacrilegus contra pios et praepararet bellum et gereret?

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#5|8.]]}} {{sc|'''vastant cvltoribvs'''}} abducendo cultores vastos et desertos efficiunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha “vastus ab natura et humano cultu”, idem alibi “quippe vasta Italia rapinis, fuga, caedibus”, hoc est hominibus deserta.

{{ancora+|9|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#5|9.]]}} {{sc|'''mittitvr et magni venvlvs diomedis ad vrbem'''}} Diomedes revertens de Troia postquam repperit ira Veneris a se vulneratae uxorem apud Argos cum Cylaraba, ut Lucilius, vel Cometa, ut plerique tradunt, turpiter vivere, noluit reverti ad patriam: vel, ut dicitur, ab adulteris proturbatus: sed tenuit partes Apuliae, et edomita omni montis Gargani multitudine in eodem tractu civitates plurimas condidit. nam et Beneventum et Equumtuticum ipse condidit, et Arpos, quae et Argyrippa dicitur, ad quam nunc Venulus mittitur, non Arpinum, quam constat esse Campaniae, unde Cicero Arpinas. sane sciendum Apuliam uno dictam vocabulo, sed huius partem quam Diomedes tenuit, Messapiam et Peucetiam a duobus fratribus dictam, qui illic imperarunt: item Dauniam a Dauno rege Apuliae. hunc Diomedem quidam a Dauno rege Apulorum hospitio receptum dicunt. sane artificiose ad Diomedem mittitur: movenda est enim indignatio et metus Diomedi, ut subveniat Latinis contra Troianos. {{sc|'''venvlvs'''}} hunc fuisse constat Argivum: nam Tiburs est, ut ille indicat locus “praedam Tiburtum ex agmine raptam portat ovans”. considerate ergo hic ad Diomedem mittitur, ut eum vel quasi civis adduceret, vel citius possit movere. hunc alii Lavini imperasse olim tradunt.

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''consistere'''}} iam esse conditos, id est fundasse civitatem: plus est enim ‘consistere’, quam ‘venisse’.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#10|12.]]}} {{sc|'''inferre'''}} hic invidiam facit, ut “inferretque deos Latio”: proprie enim inferuntur penates. {{sc|'''et fatis regem se dicere posci'''}} unde illud est “expectate solo Laurenti”. et dicendo ‘posci’ agit subtiliter: nam si non venit errore, sed fato, omnem sibi utique est vindicaturus Italiam, sine dubio et Diomedis imperium. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} ut maior sit indignatio. et amat poeta, quotiens adversum Troianos poscuntur auxilia, penatibus victorum crimen adscribere, ut apud Aeolum “Ilium in Italiam portans victosque penates”.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#10|13.]]}} {{sc|'''viro se adivngere gentes dardanio'''}} hic metum inicit. et bene non ‘Aeneae’ dixit, sed ‘viro Dardanio’, ut non sit mirum si sequebantur hominem sibi cognatione sociatum, ut “hinc Dardanus ortus, huc repetit”.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid strvat his coeptis'''}} cum haec iam coeperit. et participialiter dixit. ab eo quod est incipio ‘coeptus’ facit: hinc est ‘coeptis’. {{sc|'''qvem si fortvna seqvatvr eventvm pvgnae cvpiat'''}} si eum fortuna comitetur, quem finem suae velit esse victoriae, ipsum melius nosse, qui iam antiquus est hostis. ergo ‘quem’ acute pronuntiandum, ut sit ordo: quem eventum pugnae cupiat, si fortuna sequatur. vult autem intellegi Aenean etiam contra Diomedem bella gesturum, non tantum propter praesens imperium, sed et causa hostilitatis antiquae.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#15|18.]]}} {{sc|'''talia per lativm'''}} ‘gerebantur’ subaudis: et est formosa eclipsis.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#15|19.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncta videns'''}} mente pertractans: nam non videbat. {{sc|'''cvrarvm flvctvat aestv'''}} his verbis futuram praeoccupat comparationem, quae est Apollonii verbum ad verbum. {{sc|'''flvctvat aestv'''}} utrumque verbum de mari est.

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve animvm nvnc hvc celerem nvnc dividit illvc'''}} vel quod suis copiis bellum Itali adversus eum parabant, vel quod a Diomede vetere hoste suo auxilia postulabant. ‘celerem’ autem ad corporis comparationem, quod tardum est, ut “iterumque ad tarda reverti corpora”.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#20|23.]]}} {{sc|'''sole repercvssvm'''}} aut vacat ‘re’: aut bene ‘repercussum’, quia primo aquam ferit, inde postea tendit ad tecta. {{sc|'''radiantis imagine lvnae'''}} negant omnes physici lumen lunae aliud ex se reddere, et vituperatur hoc dicto Vergilius: quod tamen tolerabile est, quia non lunam, sed imaginem dixit lunae, quam a sole lumen accipere manifestum est. an ideo ‘radiantis’, ut, quoniam luna lumen de sole mutuatur, idem videatur etiam ipsa efficere, quae de sole procedit.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''laqvearia'''}} multi ‘lacuaria’ legunt, nam ‘lacus’ dicuntur: unde est in Horatio “nec mea renidet in domo lacunar”. non enim a laqueis dicitur, sed ab eo quod sunt lacus.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#25|27.]]}} {{sc|'''alitvvm'''}} pro ‘alitum’, sed metri causa, ut diximus supra, addidit syllabam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#25|28.]]}} {{sc|'''svb aetheris axe'''}} id est sub aere.

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''seramqve dedit per membra qvietem'''}} tardam, quippe in bellicis curis. ‘seram’ autem pro ‘sero’, adverbium temporis in nomen deflexum. ‘dedit’ autem mire dixit, hoc est indulsit quietem corpori suo.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#30|31.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic devs ipse loci'''}} cum ipse fluvius Tiberinus sit, quid ita intulit ‘deus fluvio'? Tiberinus enim deus genius loci. {{sc|'''tiberinvs'''}} bene ‘Tiberinus’, quia supra dixerat ‘deus’: nam in sacris Tiberinus, in coenolexia Tiberis, in poemate Thybris vocatur.

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#30|33.]]}} {{sc|'''tenvis glavco velabat amictv carbasvs et crines vmbrosa tegebat harvndo'''}} fluvialem aquam purificationi aptam latenter ostendit in tantum, ut etiam harundinibus, quae fluminum germina esse non dubium est, purificatio rite celebretur. ideo inventa occasione poeta harundinibus tectum fluvium inducit, ut doceat hoc etiam harundinibus in purificatione, quod per aquam, impleri posse, sicut in sacris traditur. ideo et ubique fluminibus harundinem dat, ut “velatus harundine glauca Mincius, et ripis fluvialis harundo”. quod autem ait ‘tenuis glauco volabat amictu carbasus’ docet quaedam sacra pure a linteatis debere fieri. carbasus autem genus lini est: linum vero, ut ait Plinius, melius inrigatione fluminum, quam pluvia nascitur. ideo et vestis linea fluminibus tamquam propria datur. {{sc|'''senior'''}} atqui ubique eum flavum dixit; sed ‘senior’ aut propter spumas dictum est, aut ad reverentiam pertinet: sic Lucanus de urbe Roma adhuc florente “turrigero canos effundens vertice crines” (1.188).

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic adfari'''}} subaudis ‘visus’. {{sc|'''cvras his demere dictis'''}} habitum futurae orationis ostendit.

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#35|36.]]}} {{sc|'''o sate gente devm'''}} alibi “deum certissima proles” et “sate sanguine divum”. sane interdum haec epitheta non vacant, sed vim hortandi obtinent.

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#35|37.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvi revehis nobis'''}} ut “Ilium in Italiam portans”: ‘urbem’ ergo pro civibus posuit. ‘revehis’ autem propter Dardanum. {{sc|'''aeternaqve pergama servas'''}} pro ‘servas et aeterna facis’, id est efficis ut aeterna sint.

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#35|38.]]}} {{sc|'''expectate solo lavrenti'''}} dat adfectum etiam locis, ut “ipsae te Tityre pinus, ipsi te fontes, ipsa haec arbusta vocabant”.

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#35|39.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tibi certa domvs'''}} quod superius ab Apolline poposcerat, hoc nunc indicat Tiberis: “da propriam Thymbraee domum, da moenia fessis”.

{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''tvmor omnis et irae concessere devm'''}} quidam ‘concessere’ pro ‘discessere’ accipiunt. alii ita tradunt: nondum concesserunt, sed utiliter dissimulat. sed aliqua hemistichia in Vergilio tam sunt sensu inminuta, quam verbis, ut ecce hoc loco: namque non possumus intellegere quievisse omnem tumorem et iram deorum, cum et adhuc inimica sit Iuno, et ad Troianorum perniciem addantur alia numina, ut furia, ut Iuturna: unde mire quidam conclusit hunc versum, dicens ‘concessere deum profugis nova moenia Teucris’. ‘concessere’ ergo indulserunt vel cesserunt, id est permiserunt, ut “nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas”, id est permittat, indulgeat, et “extremum hunc Arethusa mihi concede laborem”. quodsi ita acceperimus, ut dicat Teucros constituere civitatem, nec ea numina, quae irata sunt, vetant, nihil erit contrarium: nam et ipsa Iuno hoc dicit “non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis: atque inmota manet fatis Lavinia coniunx”. hic autem sensus, etiamsi detrahas subauditionem, potest accipi a superioribus, ut sit: tumor omnis et irae concessere deum, ut hic tibi sit certa domus certique penates.

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#40|43.]]}} {{sc|'''litoreis ingens'''}} licet possimus etiam de fluvio litus dicere, ponit tamen discretionem, ut hic ‘sub ilicibus’, paulo post “viridique in litore conspicitur sus”. hanc autem porcam, ut diximus supra, secum habuere Troiani, quam amissam in Campania invenerunt cum fetu circa Laurentem agrum. quam ideo Aeneas immolavit Iunoni, quia ipsa dicitur terra, ut “coniugis in gremium laetae descendit”. scimus autem hoc animal inimicum esse frugibus, ut caprum vitibus, qui Libero immolatur. alii de ea sue dicunt, habuisse eam Troianos et ubi primum generasset, ibi certam spem sedis concepisse: alii in litore Laurenti inventam. quam secutos Troianos in eum montem pervenisse, ubi postea Alba a colore porcae, longa a positione, sit condita. sane et ‘litoreis’ et ‘litoralibus’ dicitur.

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#40|44.]]}} {{sc|'''enixa iacebit'''}} participio utens tangit historiam.

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''solo recvbans'''}} ‘solo’ videtur abundare.

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#45|47.]]}} {{sc|'''ex qvo'''}} qua ratiocinatione.

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#45|49.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod instat'''}} quod solum ex laboribus restat: cura enim Aeneae praesentis fuerat necessitatis.

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#50|51.]]}} {{sc|'''arcades his oris genvs a pallante profectvm'''}} Euander Arcas fuit, nepos Pallantis, regis Arcadiae. hic patrem suum occidit, suadente matre Nicostrata, quae etiam Carmentis dicta est, quia carminibus vaticinabatur. alii ipsam Nicostratam, matrem Euandri, cum esset centum decem annorum, a filio peremptam tradunt. constat autem Arcadas plurimum vixisse, in tantum, ut quidam usque ad trecentos annos vivendo pervenerint. ipse autem Euander, dimissa provincia sua exilio, non sponte, conpulsus venit ad Italiam et pulsis Aboriginibus tenuit loca, in quibus nunc Roma est, et modicum oppidum fundavit in monte Palatino, sicut ait Varro “nonne Arcades exules confugerunt in Palatium, duce Euandro?”. hic autem mons Palatinus secundum Vergilium a Pallante, avo Euandri, est dictus, secundum Varronem et alios a filia Euandri Pallantia, ab Hercule vitiata et postea illic sepulta, vel certe a Pallante eius filio illic sepulto inmaturae aetatis: alii a filio Euandri, qui post mortem patris seditione occisus est: alii a balatu ovium Balanteum volunt dictum, et exinde per antistichon Pallanteum dictum. sed si a balatu hoc nomen venerit, ‘pa’ longa est, sicut eam Martialis ponit plerumque; si autem a Pallante, ‘pa’ brevis est, ut eam ponit ubique Vergilius secundum suam opinionem. {{sc|'''genvs a pallante profectvm'''}} profectum ad has oras genus a Pallante, non a Pallante profectum.

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#50|52.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi regem evandrvm qvi signa'''}} id est qui regis Euandri signa sunt secuti, ut “sanguine placastis ventos et virgine caesa” pro ‘sanguine virginis caesae’.

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#50|53.]]}} {{sc|'''in montibvs'''}} ut diximus supra, in minoribus illis colliculis. an ‘pro monte’, an ‘inter montes'?

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#50|54.]]}} {{sc|'''pallantis proavi'''}} confundit nomina, ut plerumque solet; nam avus fuit. sic et illud dixit “luco tunc forte parentis Pilumni Turnus” et alibi “Pilumnusque illi quartus pater”. a quibusdam tamen hic Pallas, auctor Euandrii generis, Aegei filius fuisse dicitur, qui a fratre Theseo Athenis regno pulsus ad Arcadiam venit et ibi regnum tenuit. et hoc poeta quasi Romanis dicit: nam ad Aenean non pertinet.

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''hi bellvm adsidve dvcvnt cvm gente latina'''}} ‘ducunt’ aut gerunt, aut in longum trahunt. et bene praestandorum auxiliorum exprimit causam, ne magis Turno, quasi Graeco, favere credantur.

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#55|56.]]}} {{sc|'''foedera ivnge'''}} legitur et ‘foedere iunge’.

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#55|57.]]}} {{sc|'''recto flvmine dvcam'''}} non ad naturam alvei referendum est, nam ait “et longos superant flexus”: sed recto fluminis itinere, quia non sunt erraturi. et sic dixit, ut “tunc se ad Caietae recto fert litore portum”, hoc est a litore non recedens. sic ergo et nunc a litore fluvii non recedentem significat. est et alia expositio, ut ‘recto flumine’ edomito, frenato et in tranquillitatem redacto intellegamus: quod etiam fecit, ut “mitis ut in morem stagni placidaeque paludis”: ut sit ‘recto’ praeteriti temporis participium ab eo quod est ‘rego’.

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#55|59.]]}} {{sc|'''primis'''}} pro ‘primum cadentibus astris’, cum primum nox occiderit. et dictum iuxta vulgarem opinionem, tamquam oriente die occidant astra.

{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''ivnoni fer rite preces'''}} sicut etiam Helenus monuit. et sic ‘fer preces’, quemadmodum sacra ferri dicimus.

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#60|61.]]}} {{sc|'''mihi victor honorem persolves'''}} bene ei adimit bellicam curam promittendo voti fore compotem.

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#60|63.]]}} {{sc|'''stringentem ripas'''}} radentem, inminuentem: nam hoc est Tiberini fluminis proprium, adeo ut ab antiquis Rumon dictus sit, quasi ripas ruminans et exedens. in sacris etiam Serra dicebatur, unde ait nunc ‘et pinguia culta secantem’. in aliqua etiam urbis parte Tarentum dicitur eo quod ripas terat. alii ‘stringentem’ iuxta veterem morem dictum intellegunt: ‘stringere’ enim significare dicunt tactu modico praeterire, ut ipse ait “magno strinxit de corpore Turni”.

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#60|64.]]}} {{sc|'''caervlevs thybris'''}} altus, profundus. {{sc|'''caelo gratissimvs'''}} pro his qui in caelo sunt.

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''hic mihi magna domvs'''}} scilicet circa exitum suum: quamvis enim alibi ortus, hunc tamen locum incolo. alii Romam dicunt Tiberini esse domicilium, hanc dixisse magnam domum. alii ostia dicunt ab hoc quod nos, cum per diversa discurrerimus officia, in domum nostram nos recipimus ibique requiescimus, ut idem hic, cum per reliqua spatia discurrerit, recipiat se per ostia in mare. alii domum non Romam significare, quae adhuc non erat, sed regionem illam, ut ostendat sibi eam domum electam, quae ad tantam gloriam perventura sit. {{sc|'''celsis capvt vrbibvs exit'''}} de Tuscia, quam illis multum constat floruisse temporibus: nam et lucumones reges habebat, et maximam Italiae superaverat partem.

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#65|66.]]}} {{sc|'''lacv flvvivs'''}} abutitur lacus nomine, ut mox “quo te cumque lacus”. ‘fluvius’ autem hic ipse scilicet deus alvei.

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#65|67.]]}} {{sc|'''nox aenean somnvsqve reliqvit'''}} ut “fessos ventus cum sole reliquit”. †et cito.

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#65|68.]]}} {{sc|'''orientia solis lvmina'''}} pro ‘orientis solis lumina’.

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#65|69.]]}} {{sc|'''vndam de flvmine palmis svstvlit'''}} quia dicitur nox etiam solo somno polluere, unde est et “noctem flumine purgat”.

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#70|71.]]}} {{sc|'''nymphae'''}} hic distinguendum, ut generalitatem sequatur specialitas, ut in georgicis “mater, Cyrene mater”: nam vitiosum est post speciem genus inferre. {{sc|'''genvs amnibvs vnde est'''}} quidam hic hypallagen putant, ut sit: nymphae, quae de amnibus genus habetis. sane cum ‘unde’ hodie ad locum referamus, veteres etiam personis adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus et ad omnem numerum referrent, ut hoc loco genus femininum et pluralem numerum posuit, cum alibi masculinum et singularem posuerit “genus unde Latinum”: quod plenius in initio primi libri Aeneidos dictum est.

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#70|72.]]}} {{sc|'''tvo genitor cvm flvmine'''}} sic enim invocatur in precibus ‘adesto, Tiberine, cum tuis undis’. Thybrin vero alii a rege Aboriginum dictum volunt, qui iuxta dimicans interemptus est; alii ab eo rege, quem Glaucus, Minois filius, in Italia interemit; alii, inter quos et Livius, ab Albano rege, qui in eum cecidit.

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#70|73.]]}} {{sc|'''arcete periclis'''}} hypallage est pro ‘a me prohibete pericula’.

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#70|74.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo te cvmqve lacvs tenet'''}} lacus est quoddam latentis adhuc aquae receptaculum, dictus quasi lacuna. ex quo erumpens aqua efficit fontem, qui cum fluere coeperit, alveum facit: unde tria ista dixit, lacum fontem alveum; hoc enim est ‘quocumque solo pulcherrimus exis’: quamquam multi hoc versu superfusionem eius velint significari. ideo autem haec dixit Aeneas, quia audierat ‘hic mihi magna domus celsis caput urbibus exit’.

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#75|76.]]}} {{sc|'''semper honore meo'''}} amphiboliam facit. satis autem Aeneas pie pollicetur, cum Tiberis verecunde poposcerit: ait namque ‘mihi victor honorem persolves’.

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#75|77.]]}} {{sc|'''corniger'''}} flumina ideo cum cornibus pinguntur, sive quod mugitum boum imitatur murmur undarum, sive quod plerumque in cornuum similitudinem curvatas cernimus ripas. {{sc|'''hesperidvm regnator aqvarvm'''}} bene addidit ‘Hesperidum’, id est Italicarum: nam Eridanus rex est fluminum Hesperiae, ut “fluviorum rex Eridanus”. {{sc|'''flvvivs'''}} vero vocativus antiquus est: qui apud maiores in omni forma similis erat nominativo, sed modo aliter est in secunda tantum forma. namque si proprium fuerit nomen et ‘i’ ante ‘us’ habuerit, ‘us’ perdita facit vocativum, ut ‘Terentius Terenti’, nullo excepto; si autem appellativum sit, in ‘e’ mittit vocativum, ut ‘pius pie’, ‘fluvius fluvie’, excepto ‘filius’, nam ‘fili’ facit. plerumque tamen poetae euphoniae causa antiquitatem sequuntur.

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#75|78.]]}} {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} legitur et ‘proprius’. sed si ‘proprius’, certius familiarius stabilius [8.significat, ut “et proprius res aspice nostras” ]; sin ‘propius’, citius significat: Cicero in Verrem “nec quicquam est propius factum, quam ut illud exemplum de Adriano Syracusas referretur”. et hoc est melius: nam statim est porca conspecta, et Aeneas non dubitat de fide oraculi, sed exposcit celeritatem. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} tua oracula et promissa.

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#75|79.]]}} {{sc|'''geminas'''}} pro ‘duas’.

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''remigioqve aptat'''}} id est ad remigium, officium remigantium. alibi pro turba remigantium, ut “remigium supplet”.

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#80|81.]]}} {{sc|'''monstrvm'''}} quia et subito, et cum triginta porcellis est visa.

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#80|82.]]}} {{sc|'''fetv concolor albo'''}} expedita elocutio.

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#80|83.]]}} {{sc|'''viridiqve in litore'''}} fluviali scilicet. {{sc|'''conspicitvr svs'''}} Horatius “et amica luto sus”. sciendum tamen hoc esse vitiosum, monosyllabo finiri versum, nisi forte ipso monosyllabo minora explicentur animalia, ut “parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus”: gratiores enim versus isti sunt secundum Lucilium.

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#80|84.]]}} {{sc|'''pivs aeneas'''}} oportunum epitheton, quoniam rem divinam facit. {{sc|'''tibi enim'''}} vacat ‘enim’ et tantum ad ornatum pertinet; integrum est ergo ‘tibi’, ut ex iteratione crescat augmentum: Terentius “o Mysis Mysis”. {{sc|'''maxima ivno'''}} quaesitum est quae sit ‘Iuno maxima’: nam, ut diximus, variae sunt eius potestates, ut Curitis, Lucina, Matrona, Regina. et dicunt theologi ipsam esse matrem deum, quae terra dicitur; unde etiam et porca ei sacrificatur. ergo perite elegit epitheton, ut maximam diceret.

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''mactat'''}} mactatio post immolationem est; unde bono usus est conpendio. sane hysteroproteron est in hoc versu: primum enim est ‘cum grege sistit ad aram’ et sic ‘mactat’, id est auget, perficit. {{sc|'''sacra'''}}] sciendum ‘sacrum’ proprie esse quod ad deos pertinet. et hic breviter factum sacrificium dixit. {{sc|'''cvm grege'''}} ambitiose poeta triginta filios gregem dixit.

{{ancora+|86|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#85|86.]]}} {{sc|'''flvvivm'''}} hic ‘fluvium’ ipsum aquae cursum lenitum accipiendum est. {{sc|'''qvam longa est nocte'''}} in quantum longa est, ut “nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere”.

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#85|87.]]}} {{sc|'''reflvens'''}} velut in alveum suum recurrens, ut Aeneas contra undas pergens descendentis celeritate propemodum uteretur.

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#85|88.]]}} {{sc|'''mitis'''}} vel ad Tiberim, vel ad stagnum referes.

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#85|89.]]}} {{sc|'''aeqvor aqvis'''}} aquae ipsius aequalitatem; nam et post ait “placido aequore”.

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''rvmore secvndo'''}} hoc est bona fama, cum neminem laederent: aut certe dicit eos ante venisse, quam fama nuntiaret venturos. aut ‘rumore’ pro ‘Rumone’ posuit; nam, ut supra diximus, Rumon dictus est: unde et ficus ruminalis, ad quam eiecti sunt Remus et Romulus. quae fuit ubi nunc est lupercal in circo: hac enim labebatur Tiberis, antequam Vertumno factis sacrificiis averteretur. quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur. ergo si fuerit ‘Rumone secundo’, favente fluvio intellegimus.

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#90|91.]]}} {{sc|'''labitvr vncta vadis abies'''}} descendentis celeritate prope conscendit: Statius de disco “similisque cadenti crescit in adversum”. {{sc|'''mirantvr et vndae'''}} laus Troianorum per phantasiam quandam ex undarum vel nemoris admiratione venientem.

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#90|94.]]}} {{sc|'''noctemqve diemqve fatigant'''}} ut “silvasque fatigant”: pro ‘ipsi fatigantur’. an deest ‘se’, ut sit fatigant se: an ‘diem fatigant’ pro ‘occupant et consummant'?

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''svperant flexvs'''}} ‘superant’ transeunt, ut “fontem superare Timavi”. et hic ostendit non esse alveum fluminis rectum: quia Tiberim libri augurum colubrum loquuntur, tamquam flexuosum. {{sc|'''variisqve tegvntvr arboribvs'''}} hoc est “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”.

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#95|96.]]}} {{sc|'''secant placido aeqvore silvas'''}} ostendit adeo perspicuam fuisse naturam fluminis, ut in eo apparerent imagines nemorum, quas Troianae naves secabant. Terentianus “natura sic est fluminis, ut obvias imagines” [8.nemorum] “receptet in lucem suam”.

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#95|97.]]}} {{sc|'''sol medivm caeli conscenderat ignevs orbem'''}} alterius scilicet diei.

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#95|98.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm mvros arcemqve procvl'''}} Palatinum vidit. nec situm praesentem considerare debemus: tunc enim nullis obstantibus aedificiis et Tiberi per lupercal, ut diximus, fluente, facile mons poterat videri Palatinus.

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''caelo aeqvavit'''}} pro ‘ad caelum extulit’.

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#100|102.]]}} {{sc|'''forte die sollemnem illo'''}} eusumbolos, id est bono omine victori deo Troianis venientibus sacra celebrantur. bona etiam usus est oeconomia.

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#100|103.]]}} {{sc|'''amphitryoniadae magno divisqve ferebat'''}} Amphitryo rex Thebanorum fuit. cuius uxorem Alcmenam Iuppiter adamavit, et dum vir eius Oechaliam civitatem oppugnat, de trinoctio facta una nocte, cum ea concubuit. quae post duos edidit filios, unum de Iove, id est Herculem, alterum de marito, qui Iphiclus appellatus est. ergo adsumpsit epitheton. et satis perite ait ‘divisque ferebat’: nam cuivis deo sacrificaretur, necesse erat post ipsum etiam reliquos invocari. quidam ‘divisque ferebat’ sic intellegunt, ergo et Hercules de divis est: ut est illud schema “Coeumque Iapetumque creat saevumque Typhoea et coniuratos caelum rescindere fratres”, ergo et superiores tres coniurati; et “niveamque Paron sparsasque per aequor Cycladas”, ergo et illa e Cycladibus.

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#100|104.]]}} {{sc|'''ante vrbem'''}} secundum antiquum situm: tunc enim brevis civitas fuerat. {{sc|'''pallas hvic filivs'''}} pro ‘cum hoc’.

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''ivvenvm primi pavperqve senatvs'''}} totam ostendit aetatem, et praemisit iuvenes: nam per senatum seniores significantur. ‘pauper’ autem aut ad numerum retulit, centum enim sub Romulo fuerunt: aut re vera ‘pauper’, per quod Romani imperii ostenditur parsimonia, pro laude tunc habita. et libri veterum tradunt a maioribus sacrificando parsimoniam observatam esse.

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#105|106.]]}} {{sc|'''tepidvsqve crvor'''}} frustra quidam cruorem pecorum, sanguinem hominum volunt: nam Iuvenalis ait “sanguis iret et a magno cervix ferienda magistro”, Vergilius “atque atros siccabat veste cruores”. {{sc|'''tvra dabant'''}} ‘dabant’ verbo sacrorum usus est: nam dici solebat in sacris ‘da quod debes de manu dextra aris’.

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#105|107.]]}} {{sc|'''celsas videre rates'''}} quia dixit “geminasque legit de classe biremes”. {{sc|'''inter opacvm adlabi nemvs'''}} hoc est per nemus, ut “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”. et est honesta elocutio, ut si dicas ‘inter cenam locutus sum’, id est per cenam.

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#105|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitis incvmbere remis'''}} pro ‘ipsi taciti’, hoc est sine celeumate.

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''consvrgvnt mensis'''}} quidam mensas proprie deorum tradunt: nam et ideo subiunctum ‘quos rumpere Pallas sacra vetat’. {{sc|'''avdax qvos rvmpere pallas sacra vetat'''}} ne interruptione sacrificii — ‘rumpere’ enim pro ‘interrumpere’ posuit — piaculum committeretur: unde etiam Helenus “nequa inter sanctos ignes in honore deorum hostilis facies occurrat et omina turbet”. denique cum ludi circenses Apollini celebrarentur et Hannibal nuntiatus esset circa portam Collinam urbi ingruere, omnes raptis armis concurrerunt. reversi postea cum piaculum formidarent, invenerunt saltantem in circo senem quendam. qui cum interrogatus dixisset se non interrupisse saltationem, dictum est hoc proverbium ‘salva res est, saltat senex’. ‘audacem’ autem dicit ubique Vergilius, quotiens vult ostendere virtutem sine fortuna: unde etiam Turnum audacem vocat.

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#110|112.]]}} {{sc|'''ivvenes qvae cavsa svbegit'''}} succincta et plena interrogatio, cui per singula respondet Aeneas.

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#110|113.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotas temptare vias'''}} ideo ‘ignotas’, quia videt eos esse peregrinos. et bene breviter, sed frequentius interrogationibus eos urget, ut “state viri. quae causa viae? quive estis in armis? quove tenetis iter?”

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#110|114.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi genvs'''}} quo genere. et bona est elocutio. {{sc|'''vnde domo'''}} de qua civitate? {{sc|'''an arma'''}} tropum fecit metri causa: nam consequens erat ut diceret ‘an bellum’.

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppi sic fatvr ab alta'''}} sic intellegendum, ut simul dicat et faciat.

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#115|116.]]}} {{sc|'''paciferaeqve manv ramvm praetendit olivae'''}} ne moram faceret in responsione. {{sc|'''paciferaeqve m. r. p. o.'''}}] quoniam Pallas prius de pace quaesierat. et ideo mox signum pacis ostendit, ut cetera Pallas securus audiret.

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#115|117.]]}} {{sc|'''troivgenas ac tela'''}} breviter singulis quaesitis respondit. et ‘Troiugenas’ ad ‘qui genus’ referendum. {{sc|'''tela vides inimica latinis'''}} bona conciliatio: nam audierat “hi bellum adsidue ducunt cum gente Latina”. ergo ‘tela inimica’ ad illud pertinet ‘pacemne huc fertis an arma'?

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#115|118.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos illi bello profvgos'''}} sicut et vos. et movet conciliationem etiam ex similitudine fortunae. {{sc|'''svperbo'''}} iniusto.

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#115|119.]]}} {{sc|'''evandrvm petimvs'''}} hoc ad ‘quo tenditis’ pertinet. {{sc|'''ferte haec'''}} hoc ad ramum pertinet, ‘dicite’ ad verba. vel ‘ferte’ vobiscum et ‘dicite’, kata tou autou.

{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''socia arma rogantis'''}} hoc ad illud pertinet ‘quae causa subegit’. ‘rogantes’ autem ad id pertinet quod a sibylla dictum fuerat “quas gentes Italum aut quas non oraveris urbes?”

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#120|121.]]}} {{sc|'''tanto percvssvs nomine'''}} Dardani scilicet commemoratione. ‘tanto’ autem, id est magnitudine nominis.

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#120|122.]]}} {{sc|'''qvicvmqve es'''}} hoc ad nomen Aeneae pertinet: nam esse Troianos audierat.

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#120|123.]]}} {{sc|'''nostris svccede penatibvs hospes'''}} mire sine patris auctoritate nihil confirmat, et tamen hospitem appellat.

{{ancora+|124|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#120|124.]]}} {{sc|'''dextramqve amplexvs inhaesit'''}} ostendit virum et virtutis et hospitalitatis amatorem.

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''svbevnt lvco flvvivmqve relinqvvnt'''}} hypallage in sensu. et hic ‘subeunt’ iuxta veteres dativo iunxit, cum alibi iuxta usum praesentem accusativo iunxerit, ut “Aeneae subiit mucronem”, sicut et ‘succede’ [8.veteres] dativo iunxerat: quod significat ‘penitus ingredere’, ut hoc loco ‘ac nostris succede penatibus hospes’. Sallustius tamen, ut dictum est, accusativo iunxit.

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#125|127.]]}} {{sc|'''optime graivgenvm'''}} quantum ad Aeneam pertinet Graeci neque boni neque meliores sunt. ergo ‘optime Graiugenum’ superlativus est pro positivo: nam ‘optimus malorum’ non possumus dicere; superlativus enim suo tantum iungitur generi. sic ergo dixit ut Homerus dikaiotatos Kentauron pro dikaios, id est ‘iustissimus Centaurorum’ pro ‘iustus’. et est rhetorica persuasio: nam principium ex utriusque persona sumpsit. ‘optime Graiugenum’ ad Euandrum pertinet, ‘cui me fortuna precari’ ad Aenean, qui se fatetur supplicem venire. sed quia ignotus est et ostendere vult quid impetrare debet, ait ‘Dardanus Iliacae primus pater urbis et auctor’. contra quos auxilium petat ‘gens eadem quae te’. quid ipsi etiam sit utile, a quo beneficium postulatur, ‘nos si pellant nihil afore credunt’: dicit enim, nos pellimur, sed vos servietis. post rem ipsam proposuit ‘accipe daque fidem’. ad ultimum possumus reddere beneficium ‘sunt nobis fortia bello pectora’: nam utrum posset is a quo petebatur, omisit, quia manifestum erat posse, et ignotus a demonstratione personae suae incipere debebat. {{sc|'''cvi me fortvna precari'''}} servavit to prepon dicendo ‘fortuna’. et ‘cui me precari’ antiquum est; nam modo ‘quem precari’ dicimus: Terentius “credo qui mihi sic oret”, item “facite ut vobis decet”, Sallustius “locum editiorem quam victoribus decebat”. et est Graecum, ut eukheo Apolloni. sane veteres et ‘precor illi’ pro ‘precor pro illo’ dicebant: Plautus in Amphitryone “noli pessimo precario” (fr. 13), hoc est ‘pro pessimo noli precari’. aut hyperbaton est hoc modo: tibi me fortuna vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos et precari.

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#125|128.]]}} {{sc|'''vitta comptos ramos'''}} ut in pacis petitione ramus olivae cum vittis offeratur, partim fabulae, partim naturae efficit ratio. nam cum de nomine Athenarum Neptunus et Minerva contenderent et iussisset Iuppiter ut illius nomine diceretur civitas, qui munus melius obtulisset hominibus, equum Neptunus, Minerva olivam protulit, et statim vicit. unde cum eius ramus alicui offertur, indicat eum esse meliorem. hinc est illud proverbium “herbam do”, id est cedo victoriam, quod Varro in aetiis ponit, cum in agonibus herbam in modum palmae dat aliquis ei, cum quo contendere non conatur, et fatetur esse meliorem. vittas autem habet ramus olivae ideo, ut inertiam et inbecillitatem offerentis ostendat: scimus enim oves, unde lana, e qua vittae, egere alieno semper auxilio. aut quia et lana in tutela Minervae sit, quae pacis bellique sit cultrix. aut quia mite et quietum animal est ovis, cuius quietem habere debent qui in foedus et amicitiam coeunt. quaeritur autem quid dixerit ‘comptos’. sed ut crines comi dicimus cum nectuntur, ita et hic etiam ramos comptos nexos illigatos intellege, ut ipse “tum ramum innectit olivae”: ergo quod illic ‘innectit’, hic ‘comptos’ dixit. {{sc|'''volvit'''}} hinc eum laudat, quod tantus eum vir rogare conpellitur.

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#125|129.]]}} {{sc|'''danavm qvod dvctor et arcas'''}} nec quod multitudinem haberes extimui, nec quod esses Arcas †ut illuc hoc tendat id est Agamemnoni et Menelao cognatione coniunctus. et hoc ad laudem Euandri pertinet, qui qualitate morum meruit non timeri.

{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''fores'''}} pro ‘fuisses’. et notandum ‘fores’ de praeterito. {{sc|'''geminis conivnctvs atridis'''}} geminos hic duos, aliter ‘gemini’ uno partu editi. quaeritur sane unde Euander Atridis genere fuerit coniunctus. et quamvis Hesiodus dicat qualiter coniunctus sit Euander, tamen quidam aiunt Thestii filias Ledam et Hypermestram fuisse, Ledae et Tyndarei filias Clytemestram Helenam et Timandram fuisse, quam duxit uxorem Echemus Arcas, cuius filius Euander: Clytemestram et Helenam notum est Agamemnoni et Menelao iunctas fuisse. alii ita tradunt: Steropes et Atlantis filios Oenomaum et Maiam fuisse, Oenomai Hippodamiam filiam, unde Atreus natus; at Maiae filius Mercurius, ex quo Arcades, de quibus Euander: quod Accius in Atreo plenius refert. alii ita narrant: Atlas complures habuit filias, et de Dione Tantalus Pelopem genuit, is Atreum, Atreus Agamemnonem et Menelaum; Mercurius deinde est Nicostratae pater, quae fuit mater Euandri; Mercurium Maia filia Atlantis genuit. sic Euander Atridis coniunctus est. Troianis autem sic iungitur: ex Electra, Atlantis filia, et Iove Dardanus nascitur, eius filius Erichthonius, ex eo Assaracus, ex illo Capys, ex illo Anchises, ex illo Aeneas.

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#130|131.]]}} {{sc|'''mea me virtvs'''}} haec adrogatio ad honorem Euandri pertinet. et sane paulo adrogantius videretur virtutem suam laudasse, nisi deorum oracula et fata coniungeret. deinde ut Euandro blandiretur, ‘tua’ inquit ‘terris dedita fama’. et ut in audientis mente remaneret, in ultimo addidit ‘et fatis egere volentem’. sed hic singula distinguenda, ut maior sit enumeratio. {{sc|'''sancta oracvla divvm'''}} Tiberini scilicet, vel Apollinis, ut “via prima salutis, quod minime reris, Graia pandetur ab urbe”.

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#130|132.]]}} {{sc|'''didita fama'''}} divulgata, ut “diditur hic subito Troiana per agmina rumor”.

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#130|133.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis egere volentem'''}} id est, quod voluntatis fuerat egit necessitas fati.

{{ancora+|134|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#130|134.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanvs iliacae primvs pater vrbis et avctor'''}} Dardanus ex Iove et Electra, Atlantis filia, genitus de Italia sorte abire conpulsus, agros Troicos petit ibique Dardanum oppidum in regione Dardania conlocavit. sane hic reddit quod ait supra ‘cognatique patres’. sane sciendum Atlantes tres fuisse; unum Maurum, qui est maximus; alterum Italicum, patrem Electrae, unde natus est Dardanus; tertium Arcadicum, patrem Maiae, unde natus est Mercurius. sed nunc ex nominum similitudine facit errorem et dicit Electram et Maiam filias fuisse Atlantis maximi. nec praeter rationem ait et ‘maximus’ et ‘Atlas idem Atlas generat’: nam et ipse habuit etiam horum nominum filias, id est Electram et Maiam.

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''vt grai perhibent'''}} id est, ut vestrae continent litterae: firmius enim est quod ipsorum testimonio infertur.

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#135|136.]]}} {{sc|'''advehitvr tevcros'''}} et homines et regionem significat. sane prolepsis est: nam post Dardanum Teucri appellati sunt.

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#135|138.]]}} {{sc|'''mercvrivs pater est'''}} Mercurius Iovis et Maiae, quae est una de pleiadibus, filius, auctor eloquentiae et lyrae, internuntius deorum. iste etiam palaestrae inventor hoc modo esse narratur. Choricus, quidam rex Arcadiae, filios habuit Plexippum et Enetum et Palaestram filiam. sed iuvenes cum casu inter se haberent certamen, inpressione et nisu corporum invenere luctamina. qui cum hoc patre praesente facerent et ille re nova delectaretur, ex ea re ludus factus est, quam rem Palaestra, soror iuvenum, Mercurio amanti se prodidit. qui cum rem novam vidisset, pleniorem de industria artem homines docuit. hoc seni iuvenes a sorore proditum nuntiant. ille iratus est potius filiis, quod non tamquam furem Mercurium insequerentur. quem cum illi in monte dormientem invenissent, manus ei amputaverunt: unde et ipse Cyllenius et mons dicuntur; namque Graece kullous aliqua mutilatos parte corporis dicunt: unde etiam hermas vocamus quosdam stimulos in modum signorum sine manibus. Mercurius vero Iovi conquestus, Choricum evisceratum in folliculum redigi fecit, amatam vero suam Palaestram remuneratus omne luctamen, quod corpore conficitur, palaestram vocari fecit. alii Mercurium quasi Medicurrium a Latinis dictum volunt, quod inter caelum et inferos semper intercurrat. hic etiam mercimonii deus est. quidam hunc in petaso et in pedibus pinnas habere volunt propter orationis, cuius auctor est, velocitatem. caduceum illi ideo adsignatur, quod fide media hostes in amicitiam conducat: quae virga ideo serpentibus inligata est, ut sicut illi obliti veneni sui in se coeunt, ita hostes contemptis et depositis inimicitiis in amicitiam revertantur. {{sc|'''candida maia'''}} splendidior enim est Maia inter pliadas, quae est una de Atlantidibus, hoc est pliadibus. non ergo ‘candida’ pulchra, ut “candida Dido”. meminit autem Maiam Atlantidem esse, ut “ante tibi Eoae Atlantides abscondantur” et “multi ante occasum Maiae coepere”, cum vellet per Maiam etiam ceteras Atlantis filias intellegi.

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#135|139.]]}} {{sc|'''cyllenae'''}} mons est Arcadiae, ubi Maia Mercurium est enixa. {{sc|'''fvdit'''}} autem non iniuriose dictum est, ut in Pisonem “quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit”, sed celeritatem parientis ostendit, quod infantibus dicitur omen felicitatis adferre. spectat etiam ad rationem physicam: nam celer est ubique Mercurius, ut diximus supra, et ideo dicit eum etiam in ortu fuisse velocem.

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#140|142.]]}} {{sc|'''genvs amborvm'''}} aut meum et tuum, aut Troianorum et Arcadum. ergo ‘amborum’ potest ‘utrorumque’ accipi.

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#140|144.]]}} {{sc|'''temptamenta tvi pepigi'''}} cum nullo ante pactus sum, ut te aut per artem aliquam, aut per legatos probarem, sed intrepidum me tibi commisi. ‘temptamenta pepigi’ experimenta pactus sum: nam geminus est † hic praeteritus ab eo quod est paciscor: facit enim et ‘pepigi’ et ‘pactus sum’, sicut ‘placeo’ et placui et placitus sum. ‘pago’ enim, unde multi volunt venire ‘pepigi’, nusquam est lectum. et altera est expositio: non temptavi te quibusdam pactionibus, quibus crederem tuto ad te venturum: ut haec fuerit ars temptantis. aut ‘non legatos’ tale est, quemadmodum in oratione ab alio in aliud initium transitur, ut “me me adsum qui feci”, et non respondetur propositis. ergo illud refertur ‘non legatos misi’, aut tale aliquid, quod sententiam compleat.

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#145|146.]]}} {{sc|'''gens eadem qvae te'''}} sic agit, ut et ipse praestare videatur; nam et supra ait ‘socia arma rogantes’. et argute inseruit ‘eadem’, nec addidit ‘nos’. {{sc|'''davnia'''}} Rutula, a Dauno. {{sc|'''crvdeli bello'''}} supra ‘bello profugos egere superbo’.

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#145|147.]]}} {{sc|'''nihil afore'''}} sibi offuturum nihil arbitrantur.

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#145|148.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin omnem'''}} ut non omnem. et bene ‘omnem’, ne solum Euandrum contemnere viderentur. {{sc|'''penitvs sva svb ivga'''}} utrum ‘penitus sub iuga mittant’, an ‘omnem penitus Hesperiam'?

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#145|149.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod svpra teneant'''}} Adriaticum dicit. {{sc|'''qvodqve adlvit infra'''}} Tyrrhenum dicit: omne enim mare, quod a Sicilia usque ad Hispaniam tendit, inferum appellatur ideo quod sol ibi ad inferiores caeli partes delapsus occidat.

{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''accipe daqve fidem'''}} ab utili agit. et hoc est quod ait in decimo “humanis quae sit fiducia rebus”. {{sc|'''svnt nobis fortia bello pectora'''}} iterum sic laudat iuventutem suam, quasi praestet auxilium.

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#150|151.]]}} {{sc|'''rebvs spectata ivventvs'''}} experimentis probata, decennali scilicet proelio. et bene promissionem rebus confirmat et testimoniis, quae est verbis invalida.

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#150|152.]]}} {{sc|'''ille os ocvlosqve loqventis'''}} suffecerat ad recordationem Anchisae vultum agnovisse. addidit ‘et totum lustrabat lumine corpus’: quod sine dubio non vacat. nam quia Aeneas de virtute sua multa praedixerat, orationem eius voluit aestimare de corpore: et postquam fides facta est, inde coepit ‘ut te fortissime Teucrum accipio’.

{{ancora+|153|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#150|153.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm lvstrabat lvmine corpvs'''}} paterna in eo lineamenta cognoscens. ‘lumine’ autem pro luminibus, id est oculis.

{{ancora+|154|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#150|154.]]}} {{sc|'''pavca refert'''}} non pauca, sed paucis, id est breviter. hoc vult dicere: multa eum dixisse, sed paucis. {{sc|'''vt te'''}} quemadmodum. {{sc|'''vt te fortissime tevcrvm'''}} ad ‘optime Graiugenum’ reddidit ‘fortissime Teucrum’.

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''agnoscoqve libens'''}} postquam probavit ex habitu corporis vera esse quae dicebat Aeneas, per Anchisen eum laudat adulatione deposita. sane inter agnosco et cognosco superfluo quidam volunt facere discretionem, ut cognoscamus novos, agnoscamus antiquos. sed haec a poetis metri necessitate variantur; nam ‘agnosco’ propter synalipham dixit.

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#155|156.]]}} {{sc|'''vocem anchisae magni'''}} mire quod non fecit Aenean dicentem qui sit, Euandrum cognoscentem.

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#155|157.]]}} {{sc|'''hesionae visentem regna sororis'''}} commemorationi necessitudinis reddit commemorationem hospitii. sane fabula de Hesione et nota est et aliquot locis exposita. quis enim nescit a Laomedonte mercedem Neptuno et Apollini ob muros Troiae fabricatos negatam; cumque incursu maris civitas vexaretur, coactum Laomedontem filiam Hesionam ceto obicere; eamque ab Hercule liberatam, eversa Troia et occiso Laomedonte propter negatum praemium, Telamoni suo comiti in matrimonium datam. quae causa fecit ut Priamus ad visenda sororis regna proficiscens, cum Salaminam tenderet, iter per Arcadiam faceret et tunc ab Euandro esset susceptus Anchises. {{sc|'''hesionae visentem regna sororis'''}} ut diximus supra Hercules eversa Troia Hesionam, Laomedontis filiam, Telamoni suo comiti dedit, ex qua natus est Teucer. Priamus postea cum Salamina tenderet ad visendum regnum sororis, per Arcadiam iter fecit, et tunc ab Euandro est susceptus Anchises. {{sc|'''visentem regna'''}} videre cupientem.

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#155|159.]]}} {{sc|'''protinvs'''}} uno eodemque tempore, hoc est dum pergit, vidit Arcadiam; nam non possumus ‘simul’ intellegere, cum Salamina insula sit, Arcadia in continenti.

{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#160|161.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabarqve dvces tevcros'''}} hos laudat, quo melior sit ille quem praefert.

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#160|162.]]}} {{sc|'''cvnctis altior'''}} non solum ad staturam, sed ad omnia.

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#160|163.]]}} {{sc|'''ivvenali ardebat amore'''}} inest enim strenuis iuvenibus studium adquirendarum amicitiarum: Horatius “animusque virilis quaerit opes et amicitias”.

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''cvpidvs'''}} epithumon. {{sc|'''phenei'''}} oppidi Arcadiae: Homerus hoi Pheneon t’ enemonto. nec nos debet movere quod, cum Euander de Pallanteo sit, dicit ‘Phenei sub moenia’, cum sciamus poetas vicinas omnes pro uno habere civitates, sicut de Didone facit, quam nonnumquam Tyriam, aliquotiens Sidoniam vocat.

{{ancora+|166|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#165|166.]]}} {{sc|'''ille mihi insignem pharetram'''}} ius hospitii habet inter se remunerationem, sed verecunde tacet Euander de suis muneribus. {{sc|'''lyciasqve sagittas'''}} enumerando singula efficit ne communia et ficta videantur.

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#165|167.]]}} {{sc|'''avro dedit intertextam'''}} legitur et ‘intertexto’. et figurate dictum est, intertextum aurum habentem.

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#165|168.]]}} {{sc|'''frenaqve bina'''}} poetice, nam ‘duo’ debuit dicere: ‘bina’ enim secundum Ciceronem non dicuntur nisi de his quae sunt numeri tantum pluralis. nam Cicero per epistolam culpat filium, dicens male eum dixisse ‘direxi litteras duas’, cum ‘litterae’, quotiens epistolam significant, numeri tantum pluralis sint. contra ‘epistolas binas’ non dicimus, sed ‘duas’.

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#165|169.]]}} {{sc|'''ivncta est mihi foedere dextra'''}} antiquis amicitiis per Anchisae hospitium.

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#170|171.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio laetos dimittam'''}} haec sunt pauca quibus auxilium pollicetur. {{sc|'''opibvs'''}} id est militibus. ‘opes’ antiqui vocabant milites.

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#170|172.]]}} {{sc|'''qvando hvc venistis amici'''}} siquidem amici iam venistis: extraneos enim ad sacra non licebat adhibere. hos autem adhibet ad sacra quasi antiquis iunctos amicitiis: unde infert ‘et iam nunc sociorum adsuescite mensis’.

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#170|173.]]}} {{sc|'''annva qvae differre nefas'''}} anniversaria sacrificia, id est sollemnia, ideo non differuntur, quia nec iterari possunt. sollemne autem hoc esse ipse ait “forte die sollemnem illo rex Arcas honorem”. nam kalendaria si qua fuerint ratione dilata, possunt repeti, nec piaculum eorum intermissione committitur. sane hoc sacrum pollutum vocatur, quod populo annis singulis luitur. {{sc|'''faventes'''}} ut in sacris ‘favete linguis’, ‘favete vocibus’.

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#170|174.]]}} {{sc|'''et iam nvnc'''}} ordo est ‘et iam sociorum’.

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''dapes'''}} epulae deorum propriae, ut Iovis cena. {{sc|'''svblata reponi pocvla'''}} quoniam metu reliquerant mensas, ideo ait ‘reponi’.

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#175|176.]]}} {{sc|'''gramineo'''}} hic ‘de gramine facto’, alibi ‘gramineo’ pro graminoso, ut “gramineo ripae religavit ab aggere classem”. {{sc|'''sedili'''}} bene ‘sedili’: nam in templo Herculis lectisternium esse non licebat. quamvis apud veteres omnes sedentes vescerentur.

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#175|177.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipvvm'''}} potest et ‘praecipue’ accipi.

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#175|178.]]}} {{sc|'''accipit'''}} aut suscipit ad sedendum: aut pascit, ut “illos porticibus rex accipiebat in amplis”. torum autem herbarum super solium fuisse intellegamus, ne sit sedili contrarium. congrue autem de leonis pelle dicit coopertum, quasi in Herculis sacris. {{sc|'''invitat'''}} et {{sc|'''accipit'''}} verba hospitalia.

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#175|179.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm lecti ivvenes'''}} non vacat ‘lecti’: in sacris enim Herculis nec servi intererant nec liberti, adeo ut Appius, qui sacra haec transtulit in libertos vel, ut quidam volunt, in servos publicos, et caruerit oculis et intra annum omnem familiam perdiderit Pinariorum. {{sc|'''certatim'''}} id est studiose. {{sc|'''araeqve sacerdos'''}} maximae scilicet: nondum enim templum Herculis fuerat, sed ara tantummodo, quam maximam dicit ex magnitudine fabricae.

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#180|181.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae cereris'''}} quae eget laboris, ut “mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos esset robigo”: glandes enim sine ullo labore nascuntur.

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#180|183.]]}} {{sc|'''perpetvi tergo bovis'''}} [8.aut] secundum Homerum intellegendum, qui dicit carnes dorsi apponi solitas honorabilioribus, ut sit sensus talis: posuit ante eos magni bovis carnes eas quae apud maiores in honore fuerunt. et re vera ‘perpetui’: nam de hoc bove immolato Herculi carnes carius vendebantur causa religionis, et inde alter redimebatur, qui ex illius pretio comparatus quasi perpetuus esse videbatur. ‘tergo’ autem potest a parte totum intellegi: quamvis alii dicant ideo ‘tergo bovis’, quod ad aram maximam aliquid servari de tauro nefas est; nam et corium illius mandunt. {{sc|'''lvstralibvs'''}} aut pinguibus: moris enim fuerat completo lustro pingues victimas offerre censores: aut certe de quinquennali bove, id est perfectae aetatis: nam Homerus dicit piona pentaeteron. aut quia per quinquennium ipsis victimis urbs lustrari solebat. alii proprie ‘lustralia’ dicunt quae duabus manibus accepta in aram pontifex vel censor inponit: quae non prosecantur.

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#180|184.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames et amor compressvs edendi'''}} postquam et necessitati satis factum est et voluptati.

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''rex evandrvs'''}} aut non servavit nominis declinationem: nam ‘Euander’ facit, sicut ipse alibi “Pallas Euander in ipsis”: aut Graece declinavit ho Euandros. {{sc|'''non haec'''}} variat in uno pronomine ‘non haec sollemnia nobis, has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram’.

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#185|187.]]}} {{sc|'''vana svperstitio'''}} superstitio est timor superfluus et delirus. aut ab aniculis dicta superstitio, quia multae superstites per aetatem delirant et stultae sunt: aut secundum Lucretium superstitio est superstantium rerum, id est caelestium et divinarum, quae super nos stant, inanis et superfluus timor. {{sc|'''vetervmqve ignara deorvm'''}} duo dicit: non ideo Herculem colimus, aut quia omnem religionem veram putamus, aut quia deos ignoramus antiquos. cautum enim fuerat et apud Athenienses et apud Romanos, ne quis novas introduceret religiones: unde et Socrates damnatus est et Chaldaei vel Iudaei sunt urbe depulsi. sane quidam veteres deos novensiles dicunt, quibus merita virtutis dederint numinis dignitatem. ergo ideo ‘vana’, quia superstitio ignara deorum.

{{ancora+|189|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#185|189.]]}} {{sc|'''novamvs honores'''}} detraxit ‘re’, nam ‘renovamus’ debuit dicere: quam particulam alibi addidit, ut “fata renarrabat divum”. aliter in quarto “tecta novantem” dixit. quidam intellegunt proprie esse ‘novare’ replicando vetera quandam facere novitatem ac per hoc excludere vetustatis iniuriam.

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''svspensam hanc aspice rvpem'''}} Cacus secundum fabulam Vulcani filius fuit, ore ignem ac fumum vomens, qui vicina omnia populabatur. veritas tamen secundum philologos et historicos hoc habet, hunc fuisse Euandri nequissimum servum ac furem. novimus autem malum a Graecis kakon dici: quem ita illo tempore Arcades appellabant. postea translato accentu Cacus dictus est, ut Helene Helena. ignem autem dictus est vomere, quod agros igne populabatur. hunc soror sua eiusdem nominis prodidit: unde etiam sacellum meruit, in quo ei per virgines Vestae sacrificabatur. {{sc|'''svspensam rvpem'''}} quasi iam iamque lapsuram.

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#190|193.]]}} {{sc|'''recessv'''}} a vestigiis scilicet hominum.

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#190|194.]]}} {{sc|'''semihominis'''}} hoc est feritate corrupti. {{sc|'''facies'''}} pro ‘universus visus’.

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''inaccessam'''}} participium sine verbi origine, ‘accedor’ enim non dicimus; sed tale est, ut placita nupta triumphata regnata. et quaeritur quis hoc ante Vergilium dixerit? {{sc|'''ora virvm'''}} hoc est capita.

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#195|198.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic monstro'''}} bene vitavit casum, in quo inerat turpis significatio verbi, ne diceret ‘huic Caco’.

{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''et nobis'''}} sicut multis, quibus Hercules profuit monstra purgando. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} beneficium temporis, ut “volvenda dies en attulit ultro”.

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#200|201.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilivm adventvmqve dei'''}} hysteroproteron; ante enim adventum, sic auxilium debuit dicere. {{sc|'''maximvs vltor'''}} non tantum noster, sed omnium terrarum.

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#200|202.]]}} {{sc|'''tergemini nece geryonae'''}} hanc fabulam diximus illo loco “postquam Laurentia victor Geryone extincto Tirynthius attigit arva”. {{sc|'''spoliisqve svperbvs'''}} atqui boves abduxerat: sed spolium est quicquid de hostibus tollitur, ut “addit equos et tela quibus spoliaverat hostem” item “postquam illum vita victor spoliavit Achilles”. sane aliter supra “foribusque superbis”.

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#200|203.]]}} {{sc|'''victor'''}} perpetuo epitheto Herculis usus est, quia omnia animalia vicit: quod in sequentibus plenius dicetur. sane de Caco interempto ab Hercule tam Graeci quam Romani consentiunt, solus Verrius Flaccus dicit Garanum fuisse pastorem magnarum virium, qui Cacum adflixit, omnes autem magnarum virium apud veteres Hercules dictos.

{{ancora+|205|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#205|205.]]}} {{sc|'''at fvris caci mens'''}} pro ingenti scelere furis nomen posuit: capitale enim crimen apud maiores fuit ante poenam quadrupli. sed hic quidam ab Euandro tamquam in degeneri fraude furem appellatum volunt.

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#205|208.]]}} {{sc|'''avertit'''}} erat proprium ‘abegit’; sed respexit ad praedam, quae averti dicitur, ut “raptas ad litora vertere praedas”.

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#205|209.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve hos'''}} quotiens masculinum et femininum iunguntur. haec disciplina est, ut etiam si posterius est femininum, masculino respondeamus. {{sc|'''pedibvs rectis'''}} pro ‘pedum rectorum’, dativus pro genitivo.

{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''versisqve viarvm indiciis'''}}] hoc est vestigiis, quod aversi trahebantur. {{sc|'''versisqve viarvm indiciis'''}} id est contra naturam inicientibus errorem indiciis. ipsa, inquit, decipiebant indicia, quae indicare consuerunt; nam ‘indicium’ ab indicando nomen accepit.

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#210|212.]]}} {{sc|'''signa'''}} et hic ‘signa’ pro vestigiis.

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''qverellis impleri nemvs'''}} non, ut multi dicunt, quia consortes perdiderant, sed quia avellebantur a pascuis: insita enim est bubus aviditas edendi, unde est “ite domum pasti, si quis pudor, ite iuvenci”: vel certe propter stabulorum mutationem. ‘impleri nemus’ pro ‘impletur et relincuntur’, infinitum pro indicativo.

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#215|216.]]}} {{sc|'''et colles clamore relinqvi'''}} cum clamore, ut “et templum clamore petebant” et “atque Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis”, id est cum vento. et hoc est melius. nam multi dicunt: relinquebantur colles etiam a clamore, hoc est tantum recesserant a collibus boves, ut nec echo resultaret, scilicet ad colles iam clamore non perveniente. quod non procedit, quia hoc sensu illud excluditur ‘reddidit una boum vocem’: si enim tam longe fuerunt, ut nulla ratione recedentium boum mugitus colles derelictos feriret, quemadmodum inclusi bovis est clamor auditus ab Hercule? alii ita: linquit imago vocis evanescens, tamquam relictis collibus inaudita.

{{ancora+|217|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#215|217.]]}} {{sc|'''reddidit'''}} quasi inclamata. {{sc|'''vna bovm'''}} figura Graeca, mia ton boon.

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#215|218.]]}} {{sc|'''mvgiit'''}} more suo pro ‘mugivit’, ut “audiit et Triviae longe lacus”. {{sc|'''cvstodita fefellit'''}} id est dum custodiretur fefellit.

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#215|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exarserat'''}} pro ‘exarsit’. {{sc|'''atro felle dolor'''}} quo irascimur secundum physicos, ut splene ridemus: Persius “sed sum petulanti splene cachinno”.

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''rapit arma manv nodisqve gravatvm robvr'''}} duo dixit, sagittas et clavam. et non vacat ‘que’: nam si armorum epexegesis est ‘nodis robur gravatum’, vacat ‘que’. ‘gravatum’ autem pro ‘grave’ posuit: nam grave est per naturam ponderosum, gravatum quod oneratur extrinsecus. sed quidam melius ‘gravatum’, quam ‘grave’ dictum volunt, quasi extrinsecus nodi sint additi.

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#220|222.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm primvm'''}} id est primo Herculis beneficio.

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#220|223.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbatvmqve ocvlis'''}} ea parte turbatum, quae proditrix mentis est. alii ‘oculi’ legunt et accipiunt a superioribus ‘videre turbatum oculi’. {{sc|'''ilicet'''}} potest ‘ilicet’ accipi pro ‘igitur’ aut ‘continuo’.

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#225|226.]]}} {{sc|'''arte paterna'''}} perseverat in fabula. sane aliter ferro, aliter arte.

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#225|227.]]}} {{sc|'''fvltosqve emvniit'''}} hysteroproteron: fulsit ut muniti essent. et ‘emuniit’ sicut ‘mugiit’ et ‘emuniit’ pro emunivit. {{sc|'''obice postes'''}} hanc obicem dicimus, ut “ecce maris magna claudit nos obice pontus”. dubitant enim multi, utrum masculinum sit.

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#225|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tirynthivs'''}} a Tiryntha, in qua nutritus est civitate, ut diximus supra. et est versus hypermetrus.

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''dentibvs infrendens'''}} proprie ‘infrendens’ est inter se conprimens dentes: nam et frendere significat dentibus frangere, unde nefrendes infantes, quia nondum habent dentes. et Varro frenos hinc putat dictos. frendere ergo quoquo modo frangere, ut ‘fresa faba’ fracta.

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#230|231.]]}} {{sc|'''aventini montem'''}} ut “fontem Timavi”, “Buthroti urbem”.

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#230|232.]]}} {{sc|'''ter fessvs valle resedit'''}} egens consilii: Sallustius “fessus in Pamphyliam se receperat”. nam corpore ‘fatigatum’ dicimus, animo vero ‘fessum’, quamvis hoc saepe confundat auctoritas. sane quidam sic distinguunt ‘ter saxea temptat limina’, subiungunt ‘nequiquam ter’, ac post ‘fessus valle resedit’, ut semel sederit.

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#230|233.]]}} {{sc|'''stabat acvta silex'''}} paene omnes hunc silicem dixerunt: nam et Varro et Lucretius ita dicunt. tanta tamen est Vergilii auctoritas, ut persuadeat nobis etiam hanc silicem dici. {{sc|'''dirarvm volvcrvm'''}} modo ‘dirarum’ non mali ominis dicit, ut sunt bubones, sed quae humanis cadaveribus vescebantur: dixit enim “foribusque adfixa superbis ora virum tristi pendebant pallida tabo”.

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#235|237.]]}} {{sc|'''dexter'''}} hoc est a dextra parte consistens. {{sc|'''concvssit'''}} solvit, inpulit. satis signatis usus est verbis.

{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''reflvitqve exterritvs amnis'''}} rem naturae vertit in fabulam, cum ruina rupis in se recurrere necesse sit impetum fluminis.

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#240|242.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens regia'''}} regia, sicut Cacus putabat. sic est et illud dictum “illa se iactet in aula Aeolus”. {{sc|'''penitvs patvere'''}} admissum lumen est usque ad secreta speluncae. cavernas autem speluncae per tapinosin dixit. sane veteres loca concava, vel si quid incurvum fuisset, cavernas appellabant.

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#240|243.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva vi'''}} terrae hiatus non nisi ex terrae motu fit. qui quoniam aut motu aquae inferioris nascitur, aut crebris tonitribus, aut de concavis terris erumpentibus ventis, ideo ait ‘si qua vi’. quod autem dicit ‘infernas reseret sedes’, notandum est etiam de inpossibilibus fieri posse comparationem.

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''dis invisa'''}} superis scilicet.

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#245|246.]]}} {{sc|'''trepident inmisso lvmine manes'''}} Lucanus “et subito feriere die” (6.744).

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#245|248.]]}} {{sc|'''insveta rvdentem'''}} clamantem. et abusive dictum est, sicut supra de leonibus “et sera sub nocte rudentum”, nam rudere proprie asinorum est: Persius “findor ut Arcadiae pecuaria rudere dicas”. aut ideo ‘rudentem’, quia supra ait “semihominis Caci”.

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#245|249.]]}} {{sc|'''telis premit'''}} omne quod iaci potest telum vocatur apo tou telothen, unde addidit ‘omniaque arma advocat’.

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''molaribvs'''}} asperrimis saxis, non unde molae fiunt. et secundum Homerum dixit, muloeidei petro. aut certe magnis et molis convenientibus.

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#250|252.]]}} {{sc|'''favcibvs ingentem fvmvm mirabile dictv'''}} consuetudine sua usus est, ut cum aliquid contra naturam factum infert, praedicat unde incredibile videatur, ut “cui tres animas Feronia mater, horrendum dictu, dederat”. et ‘mirabile dictu’ parenthesis est.

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''fvmiferam noctem'''}} non est noctis epitheton, sed quam Cacus fumum evomens faciebat. {{sc|'''commixtis igne tenebris'''}} utrumque enim evomebat.

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#255|256.]]}} {{sc|'''non tvlit'''}} non sustinuit. {{sc|'''animis'''}} pro ira: unde iracundos dicimus animosos. {{sc|'''per ignem'''}} per eam rem, unde ille sperabat auxilium.

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#255|259.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia vana'''}} ‘vana’ quantum ad Herculem pertinet.

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''angit inhaerens elisos ocvlos et siccvm sangvine gvttvr'''}} ‘angit guttur’ bene dicimus, ‘angit oculos’ non procedit. ergo ‘angit’ ad unam rem pertinet, ut “disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem, fortunam ex aliis”: nam fortuna non discitur. unde multi ‘elidens’ legunt, et integer sensus est: nam ‘elisos’ soloecophanes est, ut sit ita ‘angit guttur et elisos oculos facit’.

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#260|261.]]}} {{sc|'''siccvm sangvine'''}} per hoc iam exanime cadaver ostendit.

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#260|263.]]}} {{sc|'''abivrataeqve rapinae'''}} abiurare est rem creditam negare periurio. sed hoc isti loco non congruit: unde modo ‘abiuratas rapinas’ contra ius retentas intellegamus. alii ‘abiuratas’ abductas atque alieni iuris factas, alii fraude et furto abductas tradunt.

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#260|264.]]}} {{sc|'''informe cadaver'''}} ‘informe’ magnum, cuius formam non sit facile conplecti. et cadaver est corpus nondum sepultum, dictum cadaver quod careat honore sepulturae.

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''neqvevnt expleri corda tvendo'''}} non poterant homines videndo cadaver sua corda satiare. ‘tuendo’ autem pro ‘intuendo’.

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#265|267.]]}} {{sc|'''semiferi'''}} bene ‘semiferi’, cum supra ‘semihominis’.

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#265|268.]]}} {{sc|'''laetiqve minores'''}} nove et satis licenter ‘minores’ dixit, cum ab ipso Euandro Herculem constet esse susceptum, et minores non dicamus, nisi quotiens graduum deficit nomen, ut puta ‘filius nepos pronepos abnepos adnepos’. ubi isti gradus defecerint, merito iam dicimus minores, sicut etiam maiores dicimus post patris avi proavi abavi atavique vocabulum. ergo ‘minores’ accipimus pro deinceps. vel certe ‘minores’ cum quibus vivit, quia ipsum constat esse longaevum: nam post ait “o mihi praeteritos referat si Iuppiter annos”.

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#265|269.]]}} {{sc|'''primvsqve potitivs avctor et domvs hercvlei cvstos pinaria sacri'''}} apud maiores nostros raro advenae suscipiebantur, nisi haberent ius hospitii; incertum enim erat quo animo venirent. unde etiam Hercules primo non est ab Euandro susceptus; postea vero cum se et Iovis filium dixisset et morte Caci virtutem suam probasset, et susceptus et pro numine habitus est. denique ara est ei maxima constituta, quod Herculi Delphicus Apollo in Italia fore praedixerat. cum ergo de suo armento ad sua sacrificia boves dedisset, inventi sunt duo senes, vel ut quidam tradunt ab Euandro dati, Pinarius et Potitius, quibus qualiter se coli vellet ostendit, scilicet ut mane et vespere ei sacrificaretur. perfecto itaque matutino sacrificio cum circa solis occasum essent sacra repetenda, Potitius prior advenit, Pinarius postea, extis iam redditis. unde iratus Hercules statuit ut Pinariorum familia tantum ministra esset epulantibus Potitiis et conplentibus sacra: unde et Pinarii dicti sunt apo tes peinas, id est a fame; nam senem illum Pinarium constat alio nomine nuncupatum. hinc est quod paulo post Potitii tantum facit commemorationem, ut ‘primusque Potitius ibat’. quod autem dicit ‘domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri’ non est contrarium; nam ‘custos’ est ministra, ut in undecimo “at Triviae custos iamdudum in montibus Opis alta sedet”, id est ministra. alii ‘custos Pinaria sacri’ dicunt, quod cum ara maxima vicino incendio conflagraret, a Pinariis liberata sit. et ideo ‘custos sacri’. ‘auctor’ vero ‘Potitius’ quare? num quod sine familia Potitiorum sacra ista non fiebant, donec illos Appius Claudius corrupit pecunia, ut servos publicos hoc sacrum docerent, propter quod dicitur et ipse mox caecus factus et Potitiorum familia intra breve tempus extincta.

{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''cvstos pinaria sacri'''}} quidam tradunt ideo ‘custos’, quod Potitii sacra publica servis publicis prodiderint. et quamvis tradatur eos ideo ad sacra Herculis non admitti, quod serius venerint, et ideo ‘custos’, quoniam nec prandendi habuerint facultatem, et id quasi irreligioso datum sit quod ignorantiae eventus attulerat, tamen habent Ciceronem auctorem, qui in de domo sua Pinarium Nattam appellans sic dicit “quem ego tamen credo, si est ortus ab illis, quos memoriae proditum est ab ipso Hercule, perfuncto iam laboribus, sacra didicisse”. quidam tradunt ideo Potitiis ab Hercule sacra commissa, quod cum ipse Hercules, rem divinam faciens, preces praecaneret, quas Potitius diceret, et pro eo deo, cui Hercules rem divinam faciebat, ipsum Herculem fortuitu invocasset Potitius, fertur tunc Herculem accepto omine divinitatis, reiecto Pinario, perpetuae epulationis sacrum Potitio tradidisse, a quo videbatur consecratus, et Potitios dici, quod eorum auctor epulis sacris potitus sit, Pinarios, quod eis, sicut dictum est, fames epularum sacrarum indicta sit: hoc enim eis Hercules dixisse dicitur humeis de peinasete.

{{ancora+|271|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#270|271.]]}} {{sc|'''lvco'''}} templum enim nondum habuerat Hercules, sed aram tantummodo, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''maxima'''}} ingens enim est ara Herculis, sicut videmus hodieque post ianuas circi maximi. alii maximam ideo dicunt, quia illo tempore omnibus erat honore potior quam sibi Hercules, postquam se a matre Euandri Iovis filium esse et immortalem futurum cognovit, statuit.

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#270|272.]]}} {{sc|'''erit qvae maxima'''}} repetitio verbi ad honorem et potestatem pertinet.

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#270|273.]]}} {{sc|'''in mvnere'''}} non tam ‘in officio’, quam ‘in honore’ hic accipiendum.

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#270|274.]]}} {{sc|'''porgite dextris'''}} praebete invicem pocula. et est Homeri. {{sc|'''porgite dextris'''}}] id est ‘propinate mutuo’. an divisae sunt personae, ut ‘cingite fronde comas’ ad convivas referatur, ‘pocula porgite’ ad ministros.

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''commvnemqve vocate devm'''}} aut quia Argivus est Hercules et supra dixit Aeneas tam Graecos quam Troianos de uno sanguinis fonte descendere: aut communem deum dixit inter deos atque homines: unde medius fidius dictus: aut utriusque naturae medium, id est inter mortalitatem et divinitatem. sunt enim numina aliqua tantum caelestia, aliqua tantum terrestria, aliqua media: quos deos Apuleius medioximos vocat, hoc est qui ex hominibus dii fiunt. alii communem deum ideo dictum volunt, quia secundum pontificalem ritum idem est Hercules, qui et Mars: nam et stellam Chaldaeis dicentibus unam habere dicuntur, et novimus Martem communem dici: Cicero “Martemque communem”, Vergilius “et dis communibus aras”. item paulo post dat salios Herculi, quos Martis esse non dubium est. alii ‘communem’ humanum, beneficum, philanthropon: unde et communes homines dicimus. Varro dicit deos alios esse qui ab initio certi et sempiterni sunt, alios qui inmortales ex hominibus facti sunt: et de his ipsis alios esse privatos, alios communes. privatos quos unaquaeque gens colit, ut nos Faunum, Thebani Amphiaraum, Lacedaemonii Tyndareum: communes quos universi, ut Castorem Pollucem Liberum Herculem. {{sc|'''date vina'''}} quia tantum diis superis vino libari decebat.

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#275|276.]]}} {{sc|'''hercvlea popvlvs'''}} Herculi consecrata. qui cum ad inferos descendens fatigaretur labore, dicitur de hac arbore corona facta caput velasse: unde foliorum pars temporibus cohaerens et capiti albuit sudore, pars vero exterior propter inferorum colorem nigra permansit. et honeste ait ‘pependit populus’, id est corona de populo. atqui lauro coronari solebant qui apud aram maximam sacra faciebant. sed hoc post urbem conditam coepit fieri, neque alia fronde circumdat caput praetor urbanus, qui Graeco ritu sacrificat. sed poeta ad illud tempus retulit, quo Euander apud aram maximam sacra celebravit. Varro enim rerum humanarum docet in Aventino institutum lauretum, de quo proximo monte decerpta laurus sumebatur ad sacra: quamvis ipse dixerit “populus Alcidae gratissima”.

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#275|278.]]}} {{sc|'''sacer implevit dextram scyphvs'''}} legitur in libris antiquis Herculem ad Italiam ingens ligneum poculum adtulisse, quo utebantur in sacris. quod ne carie consumeretur pice oblitum servabatur, cuius magnitudinem et religionem simul significat dicendo ‘implevit dextram sacer scyphus’. scypho praetor in anno semel vino libabat, neque hoc sine sacra fiebant. possumus et illud accipere, quod inter munera deorum etiam pocula sunt: Sallustius historiarum secundo “pocula et alias res aureas, diis sacrata instrumenta, †convivo mereantur”.

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#275|279.]]}} {{sc|'''in mensam laeti libant'''}} hoc est ‘date vina volentes’. quaeritur sane, cur in mensam et non in aram libaverint? sed apud antiquos inter vasorum supellectilem etiam mensam cum aris mos erat consecrari quo die templum consecrabatur: unde bene ait ‘in mensam laeti libant’, quam constabat cum ara maxima dedicatam, ut alibi “mensaeque deorum”.

{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''devexo olympo'''}} inclinato in noctem caelo.

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#280|282.]]}} {{sc|'''pellibvs in morem cincti'''}} aut in morem Herculis: aut certe sacerdotum: aut ‘ex more’, quia Pan, deus Arcadiae, pellitus sit, unde Euander.

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#280|283.]]}} {{sc|'''et mensae grata secvndae dona fervnt'''}} quia, ut diximus una carnis fuerat, altera pomorum. mensae autem secundae †quae sunt alioquin gratae.

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#280|284.]]}} {{sc|'''cvmvlantqve oneratis lancibvs aras'''}} id est reddunt exta.

{{ancora+|285|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#285|285.]]}} {{sc|'''salii'''}} salii sunt, qui tripudiantes aras circumibant. saltabant autem ritu veteri armati post victoriam Tiburtinorum de Volscis. sunt autem salii Martis et Herculis, quoniam Chaldaei stellam Martis Herculeam dicunt: quos Varro sequitur. et Tiburtes salios etiam dicaverant. quidam hos a saltu appellatos tradunt. quos alii a Numa institutos dicunt, ut arma ancilia portantes saltarent: ergo bene a saltu appellati. horum numerum Hostilius addidit; nam duo sunt genera saliorum, sicut in saliaribus carminibus invenitur: Collini et Quirinales, a Numa instituti, ab Hostilio vero pavorii et pallorii instituti. habuerunt sane et Tusculani salios ante Romanos. alii dicunt Salium quendam Arcadem fuisse, qui Troianis iunctus hunc ludum in sacris instituerit. non nulli tamen hos a Dardano institutos volunt, qui Samothracibus diis sacra persolverent. quidam etiam dicunt salios a Morrio, rege Veientanorum, institutos, ut Halesus, Neptuni filius, eorum carmine laudaretur, qui eiusdem regis familiae auctor ultimus fuit.

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#285|288.]]}} {{sc|'''lavdes hercvleas et facta fervnt'''}} senes tantum voce laudes Herculis exsequebantur, iuvenes et gestu corporis eius facta monstrabant. unde ibi inmorandum est ‘hic iuvenum chorus’, ut ‘salii’ iuvenibus conveniant, carmina ad senes pertineant. et bene senes facta Herculis canunt, quorum aetas scire et interesse gestis Herculis potuit, antequam is ab hominibus transiret ad deos. sane quaeritur cur huic deo aperto capite sacrum fiat. legitur enim in libris antiquioribus ipsius admonitio his verbis ‘mihi detecto vertice cuncti sacrificanto’. et fuit observatio ne quis in aede Herculis eius habitum imitaretur: signum enim eius operto capite est. constat tamen ante adventum in Italia Aeneae aram Herculi consecratam, ab Aenea vero morem operiendorum capitum inductum, sicut ait “purpureo adopertus amictu”. {{sc|'''prima novercae monstra'''}} bene ‘prima’; nam et alia omnia Iunonis insidiis pertulit. fabula autem hoc habet. Hercules natus est cum Iphiclo, Amphitryonis filio. sed cum Iuno duos serpentes inmisisset Herculi, Iphiclus de cunis terrore lapsus suo vagitu excitavit parentes. qui cum surrexissent, viderunt Herculem angentem manibus angues inmissos ei novercalibus odiis.

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#285|289.]]}} {{sc|'''eliserit'''}} praefocaverit. et hunc versum iunge: unum est enim ‘monstra’ et ‘angues’.

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#290|291.]]}} {{sc|'''troiamqve'''}} ut supra diximus, Troiam Hercules evertit propter negatos sibi a Laomedonte equos divino semine procreatos et Hesionae nuptias, quam a ceto liberaverat, necato patre eius Laomedonte. sane critici frustra culpant Vergilium, quod praesentibus Troianis Troiae laudari introduxit excidium, non respicientes quia hoc ratio fecit hymnorum, quibus aliquid subtrahere sacrilegium est. alii magis hoc in solacium Aeneae cantatum posse accipi tradunt: nam quod Herculi datur, Graecis aufertur. et potest oblitteratus dolor videri [8.praeteritus], quando ad fatalem terram perventum est, sicut alibi ait Aeneas “illic fas regna resurgere Troiae”, ut ibi iam dixerat “salve fatis mihi debita tellus”, quia expectatus venerat solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis. {{sc|'''oechaliamqve'''}} Oechalia civitas in Euboea insula fuit, cuius Eurytus rex Iolen filiam denegavit Herculi, victori certamine sagittarum ante promissam, ideo quod eum fuerat filius dehortatus, dicens ab Hercule et Megaram uxorem et ex ea filios interemptos, quod factum fuerat Iunonis instinctu. unde iratus Hercules propter nuptias sibi denegatas, eversa civitate, interemit Eurytum et Iolen sustulit. {{sc|'''mille'''}} pro multis.

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#290|292.]]}} {{sc|'''mille labores rege svb evrystheo'''}} cuius asperrima imperia sustinuerat Hercules voluntate Iunonis: nam hoc est quod dicit ‘fatis Iunonis’, id est voluntate: vel certe responsis, quae Eurystheo in Herculem dederat. et quidam bono auspicio ‘fatis Iunonis’ positum volunt, hoc est quam etiam Troiani gravem sustinent, ut dei iuventur exemplo, qui tametsi multis eius instinctu subiacuerit aerumnis, virtute tamen ad divinitatem pervenerit.

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#290|293.]]}} {{sc|'''nvbigenas'''}} de Ixione et Nube procreatos Centauros, ut superius diximus. Pindarus †opsum, cum equas pasceret, incestasse eas, inde Centauros natos dicit.

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#290|294.]]}} {{sc|'''hylaevmqve pholvmqve'''}} Hylaeum Theseus interemit, Pholus vero Herculem suscepit hospitio eo tempore, quo ad expugnandos Centauros esset profectus: Lucanus “hospes et Alcidae magni, Phole”. unde apparet per poeticam licentiam nomina esse pro nominibus posita. alii Pholum non abhorrere a vera historia tradunt. Pholus enim dum miratur sagittas Herculis, quibus tot Centauros interfecerat, una ex illis in pedem eius decidit, cuius vulnere sanari non potuit. {{sc|'''cresia mactas prodigia'''}} ‘mactas’ bene ad leonem, quem interemit, refertur: nam Cretensem taurum non mactavit, sed cum eum incolumem ad Eurystheum perduxisset, ille eum licet flammas vomuisse dictus sit, inlectus pulchritudine, in Atticam regionem reliquit. qui cum Marathonem vastaret, a Theseo postea occisus est. uno tamen verbo utrumque saepe concluditur, aliquotiens una pars, ut “disce puer virtutem ex me verumque laborem, fortunam ex aliis”. alii ‘mactas’ ad Centauros sicut ad leonem referri volunt.

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''nemeae svb rvpe'''}} Nemea silva est vicina Thebis, in qua Hercules interemit leonem, qui Lunae filius et invulnerabilis dictus est. ‘Nemeae’ autem anapaestus est: nam et ‘ne’ et ‘me’ breves sunt.

{{ancora+|296|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#295|296.]]}} {{sc|'''stygii tremvere lacvs'''}} id est inferni, quo tempore descendit ad rapiendum Cerberum.

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#295|297.]]}} {{sc|'''ossa svper recvbans'''}} aut ad terrorem dictum est: aut certe illud est quod etiam supra diximus, Cerberum esse terram, quae corpora sepulta consumit; nam inde Cerberus dictus est quasi kreoboros. alii pueriliter volunt a Cerbero Amphiarai ossa consumi, qui hiatu terrae secundum Statium descendit ad inferos. {{sc|'''semesa'''}} ‘semensum’ non dicimus, sicut nec ‘ensum’: nam ‘esum’ facit et ‘comesum’.

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#295|298.]]}} {{sc|'''nec te vllae facies'''}} ‘facies’, id est species, more suo: vel periculorum vices multae, ut “nova mi facies” et “quae scelerum facies”: subauditur tamen ‘terruere’. {{sc|'''ipse typhoevs'''}} et hoc poetice; nam si interemit Centauros, quemadmodum etiam Gigantum interfuit proelio, qui ante innumeros annos fuisse dicuntur? ergo ‘non terruit’ pro ‘non terreret’ vel ‘terruisset’, ut sit ‘nec te Typhoeus ipse terreret’.

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#295|299.]]}} {{sc|'''non te rationis egentem'''}} litotes figura; nam minus dixit et plus intellegimus: hoc enim dicit: prudentissimum te non circumvenit Lernaeus anguis, id est hydra, turba capitum. et est talis figura, qualis “munera nec sperno”. aliis amphibolia videtur. nam si ordinaveris ‘non te Lernaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis’, remanet ‘rationis egentem’, si ‘non te rationis egentem’ ordinaveris, remanet ‘Lernaeus t. c. c. a.’ et est: non eguisti ratione cum te Lernaeus anguis circumstetit capitum turba. praeter haec quae Herculem hoc loco poeta fecisse memoravit, alia facta Herculis haec sunt. superatus aper Erymanthius; post cerva; item Stymphalides aves, quae alumnae Martis fuisse dicuntur, quae hoc periculum regionibus inrogabant, quod cum essent plurimae, volantes tantum plumarum de se emittebant, ut homines et animalia necarent, agros et semina omnia cooperirent. inde ovilia Elidensium regis, quae stercore animalium congesto pestilentiam tam suis quam vicinis regionibus creaverant, inmisso Alpheo flumine purgavit et regionibus salubritate reddita, ipsum regem negata sibi mercede interemit. inde equos Diomedis Thracis, qui humanis carnibus vescebantur, abduxit. inde ad Hippolytae cingulum petendum perrexit eamque ablato cingulo superavit. ad Geryonem autem, sicut iam supra dictum est, navi aenea navigavit tergo leonis velificans, ibique primum canem, Echidnae filium, peremit, deinde Eurytiona pastorem, Martis filium, novissime Geryonem, cuius abduxit armenta. item ad Hesperidas perrexit, et Antaeum, filium Terrae, victum luctatione necavit. inde in Aegypto Busiridem necavit, qui advenientes hospites immolare consueverat. post Prometheum, Iovis imperio in Caucaso monte religatum, occisa sagittis aquila liberavit. Acheloum etiam fluvium, qui se propter Deianiram, Oenei filiam, certando cum Hercule in formas varias commutabat, mutatum in taurum, avulso ab illo cornu, victoria cedere conpulit. post Lycum regem, qui, se apud inferos constituto, Megaram uxorem eius temptaverat, reversus peremit: propter cuius necem Iuno ei insaniam misit, ut uxorem necaret ac filios. qui post, recepta sanitate, cum expiationem parricidii ab Apolline petisset nec ab eo responsa meruisset, ira concitus cortinam ipsam et tripodem Apollinis sustulit: ob quod iratus Iuppiter eum Omphalae servire praecepit. cuius finis humanitatis talis fuit. cum Deianiram coniugem per fluvium, in quo Nessus Centaurus commeantes transvehebat, etiam Hercules transvehere vellet, ausus est Nessus occulte Deianiram de stupro interpellare. quod cum Hercules agnovisset Nessum peremit. sed Nessus moriens Deianiram monuit, ut sanguinem suum exceptum servaret, et si quando advertisset Herculem altera femina delectari, sanguine ipso vestem inlitam marito daret, per quam vindicari posset. sed Deianira cum audisset maritum Iolen, Euryti Oechaliensis amare filiam, vestem tinctam Nessi sanguine Lichae servo dedit ad eum perferendam. qui cum Herculi in Oeta occurrisset, munus uxoris tradidit. quam cum ille Iovi sacrificaturus induisset, tanto corporis ardore correptus est, ut non invento remedio pyram construi iuberet donatisque Philoctetae sagittis peteret ab eo ut cremaretur. quo facto inter deos relatus est.

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#300|301.]]}} {{sc|'''salve'''}} hic ‘salve’ sic dictum est ut alibi “sis felix”. hic Divus Fidius solus dicitur, quod solus fidem fecit esse se Iovis filium. {{sc|'''vera iovis proles'''}} nullus enim humano sanguine procreatus tanta perficeret.

{{ancora+|302|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#300|302.]]}} {{sc|'''dexter adi'''}} id est propitius. {{sc|'''pede secvndo'''}} omine prospero.

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#300|303.]]}} {{sc|'''svper omnia caci'''}} id est hoc factum laudant ultra omnia. et sic est dictum, ut “sed te super omnia dona unum oro”. et bene, quantum ad ipsos pertinet, rem maiorem et sibi utiliorem servavere post omnia: quia ita saepe fit, ut ea quae in praesente aguntur, fabulis omnibus postea addantur, et quae experti erant, potiora videantur ignotis, et fides habeatur illis quae audierant ex his quae viderant.

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#305|307.]]}} {{sc|'''obsitvs aevo'''}} aetate involutus, ut Terentius ait “annis pannisque obsitus”. nonnulli ‘obsitum’ quasi insitum et obsessum et possessum tradunt.

{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''facilesqve ocvlos fert omnia circvm'''}} physici dicunt ex vino mobiliores oculos fieri: Plautus “faciles oculos habet”, id est mobiles vino. hoc etiam Maecenas in symposio, ubi Vergilius et Horatius interfuerunt, cum ex persona Messalae de vi vini loqueretur, ita: “ut idem umor ministrat faciles oculos, pulchriora reddit omnia et dulcis iuventae reducit bona”.

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#310|311.]]}} {{sc|'''capitvrqve locis'''}} delectatur. {{sc|'''capitvrqve locis'''}}] nam uno loco diutius retinetur.

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#310|313.]]}} {{sc|'''romanae conditor arcis'''}} conditor Pallantei, ubi nunc Palatium est: quod non est re vera arx, sed tenet rerum omnium principatum. et hic subtiliter videtur significare Romam initium ab Euandro ducere.

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#310|314.]]}} {{sc|'''haec nemora indigenae favni'''}} ‘indigenae’, id est inde geniti, autokhthones. et sciendum secundum Hesiodi theogoniam primo deos genitos, inde hemitheos, post heroas, inde homines innocentes, ultimos sceleratos: quem et hic nunc ordinem servat. sane, sicut supra dictum est, Faunus Pici filius dicitur, qui a fando, quod futura praediceret, Faunus appellatus est: quorum etiam responsa ferebantur. hic Faunus habuisse filiam dicitur †omam castita et disciplinis omnibus eruditam, quam quidam, quod nomine dici prohibitum fuerat, Bonam Deam appellatam volunt. hos Faunos etiam Fatuos dicunt, quod per stuporem divina pronuntient. quidam Faunum appellatum volunt eum quem nos propitium dicimus.

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''trvncis et dvro robore nati'''}} hoc figmentum ortum est ex antiqua hominum habitatione, qui ante factas domos aut in cavis arboribus aut in speluncis manebant. qui cum exinde egrederentur aut suam educerent subolem, dicti sunt inde procreari.

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#315|316.]]}} {{sc|'''neqve cvltvs erat'''}} id est nullam sui curam habebant. alii ad animum referunt, ut Sallustius “indocti incultique”. alii ‘quis neque mos neque cultus erat’ hoc est qui neque legibus aut imperio cuiusquam regebantur, quia mos est lex quaedam vivendi nullo vinculo adstricta, hoc est lex non scripta. sed hic ‘cultum’ legem, imperium dictum volunt. alii mores pro legibus, ut “moresque viris et moenia ponet” et “veterisque dei se more tenentem”.

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#315|317.]]}} {{sc|'''componere opes'''}} reservare, ordinare. {{sc|'''parcere parto'''}} de die, inquit, vivebant nec inventa servabant.

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#315|318.]]}} {{sc|'''rami atqve asper victv venatvs alebat'''}} cognato quodammodo victu alebantur, aut venatu montium aut arborum ramis: hinc enim ali debebant ex arboribus nati.

{{ancora+|319|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#315|319.]]}} {{sc|'''primvs'''}} quasi et alius venerit e caelo; sed primus in Italiam venit. {{sc|'''ab aetherio venit satvrnvs olympo'''}} hoc dicit secundum poeticum morem; nam Saturnus rex fuit Cretae, quem Iuppiter filius bello pepulit. hic fugiens ab Iano rege, qui urbem habuit, ubi nunc Ianiculum, est susceptus, qui regnabat in Italia. quem cum docuisset usum vinearum et falcis et humaniorem victum, in partem est admissus imperii et sibi oppidum fecit sub clivo Capitolino, ubi nunc eius aedes videtur. qui postea suum repetivit imperium. ex hoc et Saturnalia, ut essent memorialia vitae quam Saturnus docuerat: qua die simili et promiscuo victu utuntur servi et liberi. ideo autem in aede ipsius Saturni aerarium, quod ibi potissimum pecunia servaretur, eo quod illi maxime credatur.

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#320|321.]]}} {{sc|'''is genvs indocile'''}} pro ‘indoctum’: nam ‘indocile’ est quod penitus non potest discere, ‘indoctum’ quod nondum didicit. hos autem dicit esse conpositos, unde apparet quia ‘indocile’ dixit pro ‘indoctum’. hoc autem est quod dicit Cicero in primo rhetoricorum, feros adhuc homines magni cuiusdam viri oratione conpositos.

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#320|322.]]}} {{sc|'''legesqve dedit'''}} atqui dixit “haud vinclo nec legibus aequam”; sed intellegimus Saturnum dedisse leges, quibus adeo obtemperaverunt, ut iam ita per naturam sine legibus viverent. hunc sane deum et leges recipere et legibus praeesse docet antiquitas; nam ideo et acceptae a populo leges in aerario claudebantur, quoniam aerarium Saturno dicatum erat, ut hodieque aerarium Saturni dicitur. {{sc|'''lativmqve vocari malvit'''}} bene ‘maluit’: nam et Saturnia dicta est, ut “et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus”. et Vergilius Latium vult dici, quod illic Saturnus latuit fugiens Iovem. fabula nota est, quod Saturnus filios suos de Ope genitos voraverit, cum audisset a filio se regno esse pellendum, et quod ei uxor nato Iove lapidem pro infante obtulerit devorandum. Varro autem Latium dici putat, quod latet Italia inter praecipitia Alpium et Apennini. quidam ferunt a Latino dictum Latium, alii ipsum Latinum a Latio.

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placida popvlos in pace regebat'''}} ut merito aurea saecula crederentur.

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#325|326.]]}} {{sc|'''decolor aetas'''}} vitiosa, quae decoloraret veteres mores: in omni enim vitioso corpore inest pessimus color. et adludit ad naturam metalli, quam cernimus discolorem: nec inmerito; supra enim dixerat ‘aurea saecula’, ideo nunc dixit ‘aetas decolor’, id est aurea et ferrea, sicuti Hesiodus dicit. sane ‘decolor aetas’ quis ante hunc?.

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#325|328.]]}} {{sc|'''tvnc manvs avsoniae'''}} omnes terrae habitatores aut indigenae sunt aut advenae aut convenae. indigenae sunt inde geniti, ut de Faunis dixit: advenae de uno loco venientes, ut Saturnus: convenae de diversis, ut Ausones et Sicani: quamvis quidam Ausones cognominatos ab Ausone, Ulixis et Circes filio, dicant. Sicani autem secundum non nullos populi sunt Hispaniae, a fluvio Sicori dicti: Lucanus “Hesperios inter Sicoris non ultimus amnis”. hi duce Siculo venerunt ad Italiam et eam tenuerunt exclusis Aboriginibus. mox ipsi pulsi ab illis quos ante pepulerant, insulam vicinam Italiae occupaverunt et eam Sicaniam a gentis nomine, Siciliam vero a ducis nomine dixerunt: quamquam Thucydides dicat de Sicilia Italum regem venisse et ab eo esse Italiam appellatam. alii sic distinguunt ‘Sicanae’ et subiungunt ‘saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus’: semel enim Sicani ex Hispania in Italiam venisse dicuntur. at Italia plura nomina habuit, dicta est enim Hesperia, Ausonia, Saturnia, Italia.

{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''inmani corpore thybris'''}} hic Tuscorum rex fuit, qui iuxta hunc fluvium pugnans cecidit et ei nomen inposuit: vel ut quidam volunt a Glauco, Minois regis filio, occisus est. alii volunt istum ipsum regem latrocinatum esse circa huius fluminis ripas et transeuntibus crebras iniurias intulisse, unde Thybris quasi hubris dictus est apo tes hubreos, id est ab iniuria: nam amabant maiores ubi aspiratio erat Th ponere. alii Tiberim, Iani et Camasenae filium, ibi in bello perisse tradunt. Varro Tiberim a Thebri quodam vel a * * * qui ibi perierit, dictum tradit. alii, ut supra diximus, volunt eos qui de Sicilia venerunt, Thybrin dixisse ad similitudinem fossae Syracusanae, quam fecerunt per iniuriam Afri et Athenienses iuxta civitatis murum: nam quod Livius dicit, ab Albano rege Tiberino Thybrin dictum, non procedit ideo, quia etiam ante Albam Thybris dictus invenitur. sed hic Alexandrum sequitur, qui dicit Tiberinum, Capeti filium, venantem in hunc fluvium cecidisse et fluvio nomen dedisse: nam et a pontificibus indigitari solet.

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#330|331.]]}} {{sc|'''post itali'''}} etiam Euander se Italum dicit.

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#330|332.]]}} {{sc|'''albvla nomen'''}} antiquum hoc nomen a colore habuit.

{{ancora+|333|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#330|333.]]}} {{sc|'''me pvlsvm patria'''}} aut, ut diximus supra, propter parricidium: aut certe oraculorum necessitate conpulsum. {{sc|'''pelagiqve extrema'''}} id est aut per extrema pelagi actum: aut, ut dicit Donatus, per pelagus extrema sequentem, ut ‘pelagi’ adverbium sit. {{sc|'''pelagiqve extrema'''}}] pro ‘in pelago’, aut pelagi pericula.

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#330|334.]]}} {{sc|'''fortvna omnipotens et inelvctabile fatvm'''}} secundum stoicos locutus est, qui nasci et mori fatis dant, media omnia fortunae: nam vitae humanae incerta sunt omnia. unde et miscuit, ut quasi plenum ostenderet dogma: nam nihil tam contrarium est fato quam casus; sed secundum stoicos dixit. alii ‘fortuna omnipotens’ propter fugam et exilium, ‘ineluctabile fatum’ idcirco, ut se sceleris et parricidii crimine purgaret.

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''egere'''}} coegerunt, ut quasi ostendat invitum.

{{ancora+|336|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#335|336.]]}} {{sc|'''carmentis nymphae monita'''}} matris eius, quae Nicostrate dicta est, sed ideo Carmentis appellata a suis, quod divinatione fata caneret: nam antique vates carmentes dicebantur, unde etiam librarios qui eorum dicta perscriberent, carmentarios nuncupatos. alii huius comites Porrimam et Postvertam tradunt, quia vatibus et praeterita et futura sunt nota. alii etiam Tiburtem dictam. ‘nymphae’ autem maritae dicit: nam Graece sponsa numphe dicitur. haec autem non vere nympha fuit, sed vaticinatrix. alii nympham ideo dictam, quoniam qui res Arcadum scripserunt, tradunt sex feminas ibi fuisse quae nymphae vocarentur, in quis et Carmentem: proprio ergo vocabulo, non epitheto poetico usus est. {{sc|'''avctor'''}} scilicet oraculorum.

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#335|337.]]}} {{sc|'''monstrat et aram'''}} aut quam Euander matri fecit extinctae: aut ‘aram’ pro monumento: aut ideo aram, quia ibi sepulta est et post excessum dea credita. est autem iuxta portam, quae primo a Carmente Carmentalis dicta est, post scelerata a Fabiis CCCVI, qui per ipsam in bellum profecti, non sunt reversi. {{sc|'''vatis fatidicae'''}} bene addidit ‘fatidicae’: nam vatem et poetam possumus intellegere, unde solum plenum non erat. ergo tale est ut illud in Sallustio “in tugurio mulieris ancillae”, non quia mulieris statim et ancillae, si autem ancillae statim et mulieris.

{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae prima'''}} quia postea etiam sibylla dixit.

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#340|341.]]}} {{sc|'''nobile pallantevm'''}} futurum scilicet, sicut et Aeneadas: ad sequens enim Romanorum retulit tempus.

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#340|342.]]}} {{sc|'''asylvm retvlit'''}} postquam Hercules migravit e terris, nepotes eius timentes insidias eorum quos avus adflixerat, Athenis sibi primi asylum, hoc est templum misericordiae, collocarunt unde nullus posset abduci, quod etiam Statius dicit, ut “Herculeos fama est fundasse nepotes”. ideo ergo ait ‘quod Romulus acer asylum retulit’, hoc est fecit ad imitationem Atheniensis asyli: quod ideo Romulus fecit, ut haberet advenas plures cum quibus conderet Romam. ergo ‘retulit’ aut restituit aut nominavit. Iuvenalis “et tamen ut longe repetas longeque revolvas nomen, ab infami gentem deducis asylo”. sane hoc non ad Euandri personam adplicatur, quod ipse Aeneae retulerit.

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#340|343.]]}} {{sc|'''gelida monstrat svb rvpe lvpercal'''}} sub monte Palatino est quaedam spelunca, in qua de capro luebatur, id est sacrificabatur: unde et lupercal non nulli dictum putant. alii quod illic lupa Remum et Romulum nutrierit: alii, quod et Vergilius, locum esse hunc sacratum Pani, deo Arcadiae, cui etiam mons Lycaeus in Arcadia consecratus est. et dictus Lycaeus, quod lupos non sinat in oves saevire. ergo ideo et Euander deo gentis suae sacravit locum et nominavit lupercal, quod praesidio ipsius numinis lupi a pecudibus arcerentur. sunt qui dicant hunc Pana enualion, deum bellicosum: alii Liberum patrem, eo quod capro ei fit divina res, qui est hostia Liberi propria. in huius similitudinem intecti cultores eius: cui lupercalia instituta sunt, quia deus pastoralis est. nam Remum et Romulum ante urbem conditam lupercalia celebrasse eo quod quodam tempore nuntiatum illis sit latrones pecus illorum abigere: illos togis positis cucurrisse caesisque obviis pecus recuperasse: id in morem versum, ut hodieque nudi currant. non nulli propter sterilitatem hoc sacrum dicunt a Romulo constitutum, ideoque et puellae de loro capri caeduntur, ut careant sterilitate et fecundae sint: nam pellem ipsam capri veteres februm vocabant.

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#340|344.]]}} {{sc|'''parrhasio dictvm panos de more lycaei'''}} ordo est: monstrat lupercal Panos Lycaei, dictum de more Parrhasio, id est ostendit lupercal Panos Lycaei, dicatum ex more Arcadico: nam Parrhasia Arcadia est. {{sc|'''dictvm'''}} dicatum, consecratum. {{sc|'''panos lycaei'''}} ‘huius Panos’ genetivus est Graecus, et ‘Panos Lycaei’ sic dictum est, ut ‘Iovis Olympi’, ‘Apollinis Delphorum’.

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''sacri monstrat nemvs argileti'''}} ‘sacri’ execrabilis. sane Argiletum, quasi argilletum, multi volunt a pingui terra; alii a fabula. nam Euander Argum quendam suscepit hospitio. qui cum de eius cogitaret interitu, ut ipse regnaret, Euandro hoc non sentiente socii intellexerunt et Argum necarunt: cui Euander et sepulchrum fecit et locum sacravit, non quod ille merebatur, sed hospitalitatis causa. bene autem in hac re Euander inmoratur et docet causas, ne apud hospitem veniat in suspitionem. ergo Argiletum ab Argo illic sacrato et sepulto. alii Argum occisum dicunt ab ipso Euandro, auxiliante sibi Hercule, quod is ex hospite factus esset inimicus. alii Danaen cum duobus filiis Argo et Argeo, quos de Phineo habuit, venisse in Italiam et locum ubi nunc Roma est tenuisse, ibique Argum Aboriginum insidiis interfectum loco nomen dedisse. alii Argiletanam portam appellari, quod eam Cassius Argillus sive fecerit sive refecerit: vel quod ibi Cassius Argillus bello Punico primo sit interfectus ob turbulentam et seditiosam naturam. alii quod Argillus senator post Cannense proelium suaserit a Poenis pacem postulari, ideo in senatu carptum domumque eius dirutam et locum Argiletum appellatum. quidam dicunt cum Capitolii, ubi nunc est, fundamenta iacerentur, caput humanum quod Oli diceretur, inventum: quo omine sollicitatos conditores misisse ad Tusciam ad aruspicem illius temporis nominatum, qui iam indicaverat Argo filio suo, tributum fataliter esse, ut is locus orbi imperitaret, in quo illud caput esset inventum. obvii igitur Argo hi qui missi erant ubinam esset pater interrogaverunt. qui cognita causa itineris eorum, omne responsum patris prodidit monuitque ut caverent, ne ab eo interrogatione deciperentur. sed cum legati ad eum pervenissent et de significatione inventi capitis quaererent, volens ille dominatum orbis patriae suae potius adscribere, interrogavit, anne hic, suum locum ostendens, invenissent. illis negantibus suspicatus proditum esse responsum, quaesivit an quemquam obvium habuissent. illis simpliciter confitentibus occurrisse sibi iuvenem, tunc aruspex conscenso equo secutus Argum occidit eo loco, ubi nunc Roma est, a cuius caede Argiletum. quamvis haec historia etiam de alio nomine saepe celebrata sit.

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#345|346.]]}} {{sc|'''testatvr locvm'''}} iurat non sua culpa iura hospitii esse violata. {{sc|'''testatvrqve locvm'''}}] vel in testimonium ducit nomen loci, vel detestatur.

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#345|347.]]}} {{sc|'''tarpeiam sedem'''}} prolepsis: duo haec enim nomina postea monti indita sunt.

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#345|348.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea nvnc'''}} ‘nunc’ ad utrumque pertinet, et ad ‘aurea’ et ad ‘Tarpeiam sedem’: nam Tarpeia sedes dicta est a Tarpeia virgine. cum enim Romulus contra Sabinos bella tractaret et Tarpeio cuidam dedisset arcem tuendam, filia eius Tarpeia aquatum profecta in hostes incidit. quam cum hortarentur ad proditionem arcis, illa pro praemio poposcit ornatum manuum sinistrarum, id est armillas. facta itaque arcis proditione hostes ingeniosa morte promissa solverunt: nam scuta, id est sinistrarum ornatum, super illam iacientes eam luce privarunt. quae illic sepulta Tarpeiae sedi nomen inposuit.

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#345|349.]]}} {{sc|'''religio'''}} id est metus, ab eo quod mentem religet dicta religio.

{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''dira'''}} magna, admirabilis, ut “an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido?” {{sc|'''saxvm'''}} sic appellatur Capitolium.

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#350|351.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc nemvs'''}} bene ubique ‘nemus’ dixit: nam tunc aedificia non erant.

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#350|352.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis devs'''}} dubitando ‘quis deus’ adfirmat deum esse. {{sc|'''ipsvm credvnt se vidisse iovem'''}} in hoc scilicet nemore. sane ad illud adludit quod primi dicuntur Iovi templa et rem divinam fecisse -Aeacus enim primus in Arcadia templum Iovi constituisse dicitur — nec enim longe sunt a Iove Olympico: unde eos dicit Iovem vidisse, et quod ipsi sunt proselenoi, ut ait Statius “Arcades astris lunaque priores”: licet dicat Sallustius Cretenses primos invenisse religionem, unde apud eos natus fingitur Iuppiter.

{{ancora+|354|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#350|354.]]}} {{sc|'''aegida concvteret'''}} hic distinguendum: nam aegida, id est pellem Amaltheae caprae, a qua nutritus est, in sinistra Iuppiter tenet. sane Graeci poetae turbines et procellas kataigidas appellant, quod haec mota faciat tempestates. ergo ‘nigrantem’ tempestatem commoventem. {{sc|'''dextra nimbosqve cieret'''}} et de dextera fulmina commoveret: nam modo nimbos pro fulminibus posuit, quae de dextera iacit. aegidis autem concussio commovet pluvias. ergo ‘concuteret aegida atque per eam nimbos moveret’.

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectis oppida mvris'''}} unum Iani, aliud Saturni, iam tunc vetusta.

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#355|356.]]}} {{sc|'''monvmenta virorvm'''}} hoc sermone ostendit etiam Saturnum virum fuisse.

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#355|357.]]}} {{sc|'''ianvs pater'''}} Ianus in Ianiculo habitavit. qui quod una navi exul venit, in pecunia eius ex una parte Iani caput, ex altera navis signata est.

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#355|359.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis'''}} dubium est, nomen sit ‘dictis’, an participium.

{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''passimqve armenta videbant'''}} quae post mortem Caci passim nullo timore vagabantur.

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#360|361.]]}} {{sc|'''romanoqve foro'''}} Romanum forum est ubi nunc rostra sunt. sed et hic prolepsin fecit: nam postea sic dictum est. {{sc|'''lavtis mvgire carinis'''}} carinae sunt aedificia facta in carinarum modum, quae erant circa templum Telluris. lautas autem dixit aut propter elegantiam aedificiorum, aut propter Augustum, qui natus est in curiis veteribus et nutritus in lautis carinis. alii dicunt carinas montem nominatum, quod ager suburbanus ante portas carus erat. alii lauta loca legatorum, quae in ea regione instructa accipere consuerant. alii quod ibi Sabini nobiles habitaverint, quorum genus invidere et carinare solebat. carinare autem est obtrectare: Ennius “contra carinantes verba atque obscena profatus”, alibi “neque me decet hanc carinantibus edere chartis”. alii quod Romani Sabinis instantibus fugientes, eruptione aquae ferventis et ipsi liberati et hostes ab insequendo repressi sint. aut quia calida aqua lavandis vulneribus apta fuit, locus lautulus appellatus est.

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#360|363.]]}} {{sc|'''victor alcides svbiit'''}} hic ius pontificale quibusdam videtur subtiliter tangere: domus enim, in qua pontifex habitat, regia dicitur, quod in ea rex sacrificulus habitare consuesset, sicut flaminia domus, in qua flamen habitat, dicebatur: quod hic ostendit ex persona Euandri, quem facit orantem ut Aeneas suam ingrederetur domum, non utique profanam, sed sacratam, scilicet quae fuerit hospitium Herculis, illis versibus ‘haec, inquit, limina victor Alcides subiit, haec illum regia cepit’. quem etiam honore divinae dignationis sociat adiciens ‘aude hospes contemnere opes et te quoque dignum finge deo’: haec enim dicendo quid aliud agit, quam ut sacratae religionis usum tribuat antisti * * * divina communia, utpote quem etiam pontificali honore nuncupaverat, dicens ‘maxime Teucrorum ductor’: neque enim quia ductor eo maximus, sed quia maximus eo * * * omnia. regiae autem verius meminit dicendo ‘tecta subibant pauperis Euandri’ et ‘Romanoque foro’: quis enim ignorat regiam, ubi Numa habitaverit, in radicibus Palatii finibusque Romani fori esse? {{sc|'''victor alcides svbiit'''}} eusumbolos, id est bonum Aeneae omen ostenditur: Varro enim divinarum libro IV. Victorem Herculem putat dictum, quod omne genus animalium deinceps vicerit. sed Romae Victoris Herculis aedes duae sunt, una ad portam trigeminam, alia ad forum boarium: cuius commenti causa haec exponitur. Marcus Octavius Hersennus in prima adulescentia tibicen, postquam arti suae diffisus est, mercaturam instituit. bene re gesta decimam Herculi dicavit. postea cum navigans hoc idem ageret, a praedonibus circumventus fortissime pugnavit et victor recessit. quem in somnis Hercules docuit sua opera servatum. cui Octavius, impetrato a magistratibus loco, aedem cum signo sacravit et Victorem incisis litteris appellavit. ergo Vergilium non tantum ad victoriam praesentem victorem dixisse, sed occulte perpetuo eius epitheto usum debemus accipere, quippe quem Romae sub hoc nomine sacratum coli videbat; nam supra ait “taurosque hac victor agebat”, cum de pugna eius alia loqueretur. sane hic ‘subiit’ iuxta usum praesentem accusativo iunxit, cum antiquo more alibi dativo iunxerit, ut “progressi subeunt luco”. {{sc|'''cepit'''}} mire dixit, ut alibi “nec te Troia capit”.

{{ancora+|364|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#360|364.]]}} {{sc|'''avde hospes contemnere opes'''}} bene ‘aude’, quasi rem arduam et difficilem. {{sc|'''avde hospes contemnere opes'''}} ideo dixit ‘aude’, tamquam virtute opus sit animi et ad expellendum amorem divitiarum. {{sc|'''dignvm finge deo'''}} compone te et forma in similitudinem numinis: quod iuxta sectam cynicam hospes Herculis suadet. sane quidam ‘deo’ pro inmortalitate dictum volunt.

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''non asper'''}} non aspernator, id est fastidiosus.

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#365|366.]]}} {{sc|'''angvsti svpter fastigia tecti ingentem aenean dvxit'''}} ex contrarietate quaesitus ornatus, ait enim ‘angusti tecti supter fastigia ingentem Aenean duxit’.

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#365|368.]]}} {{sc|'''effvltvm'''}} sicut supra dictum est, apud veteres dicebatur, super quod unusquisque iacuisset. {{sc|'''pelle libystidis vrsae'''}} species pro genere: nam cuiuslibet ferae possumus accipere.

{{ancora+|370|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#370|370.]]}} {{sc|'''exterrita mater'''}} ideo territa, quia mater.

{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#370|371.]]}} {{sc|'''tvmvltv'''}} ut ‘Gallicus tumultus’.

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#370|373.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis divinvm adspirat amorem'''}} id est dictis suis addit venustatem, ut amabiliter eius audiatur oratio. {{sc|'''dictis divinvm inspirat amorem'''}} petitura pro filio de adulterio procreato orationem suam ingenti arte conposuit: quod etiam Vulcanus ipse testatur, dicens ‘quid causas petis ex alto?’ non enim aperta est eius petitio, sed longo prooemio perversam amore mariti circumvenit mentem. ergo quaestionem hanc quae nascitur ex petitione Veneris inpudica, solvimus his modis: primo quod Vulcanum amore circumvenit, nam et post completam orationem statim eum complectitur et molli amplexu fovet: deinde quod nacta est occasionem eius temporis quo Marti arma faciebat, quem fuisse sciebat adulterum: per quod datur intellegi Vulcanum iam omnem suspitionem et iram quam habuit circa Venerem, deposuisse, adeo ut arma etiam ipsi fabricaret adultero. praeterea Vulcanum uxorium fuisse testatur et ipse Vergilius dicens “tum pater aeterno fatur devinctus amore”, et Statius ubi Martem Venus adloquitur, ut “at non eadem Vulcania nobis obsequia, et laesi servit tamen ira mariti”. nam quod dicit Donatus potuisse fieri ut cum Anchisa concumberet Venus, ante quam Vulcano nuberet, non procedit: constat enim a principio Venerem uxorem fuisse Vulcani. sane ‘divinum’ theion debemus accipere.

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#370|374.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm bello argolici'''}} ‘dum’ pro ‘quam diu’. sane haec oratio rhetorica suasio est. nam principium a verecundia sumpsit; dicendo enim numquam se molestam antea fuisse, ostendit se inpetrare debere, praesertim ex eo quod non timuerit petere. ‘nunc Iovis imperio Rutulorum constitit oris, ergo eadem supplex venio’: haec non tantum rogandi, sed etiam inpetrandi vim habent. verso tamen ordine: nam primo arma petit, deinde adiuvat exemplo dicendo ‘te filia Nerei’ etc., deinde causam ‘aspice qui coeant populi’; ipsum enim ‘populi’ multitudinem significat, et quasi non inpugnet, sed inpugnetur Aeneas, ita pathos fecit dicens ‘in me excidiumque meorum’: nam quod a principio arma petit haec ratio est, quod rem nec magnam nec difficilem Vulcano petebat. ideo et statim posuit; nam ubi maius aliquid est, ante causa dicenda est, ut praemollitis animis, tunc quod petitur suggeratur.

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''debita'''}} fataliter ad exitium destinata. {{sc|'''casvrasqve inimicis ignibvs arces'''}} causa cur non petierit.

{{ancora+|376|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#375|376.]]}} {{sc|'''miseris'''}} atqui honestum est miseris subvenire; sed hoc dicit: cur te fatigarem pro hominibus fati necessitate perituris? {{sc|'''arma rogavi'''}} argute hic in principio arma nominat, ut iam intellegatur quid petitura sit.

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#375|377.]]}} {{sc|'''artis opisqve tvae'''}} duo duobus reddit, auxilium ‘opis’, arma ‘artis’: aut certe idem valet ‘opis’ quod ‘artis’; hinc opifices.

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#375|378.]]}} {{sc|'''incassvmve tvos'''}} ordo est: tuosve labores incassum exercere volui.

{{ancora+|379|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#375|379.]]}} {{sc|'''priami deberem plvrima natis'''}} scimus quod Paridi tantum debuit, sed hoc velat aliarum commemoratione personarum, ne ex turpi causa Paridi debuisse videatur. simul et, ut quidam tradunt, pulchritudinis suae Vulcanum admonet, hoc est ‘formae iudicio Iovis coniugem vici’.

{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneae flevissem saepe laborem'''}} bene post Pergama, post Troianos, post Priami liberos cum excusatione fit Aeneae commemoratio; dicit enim se eius infelicitate commotam: ut illud causas habeat, hoc miseratione consistat.

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#380|381.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc'''}}] id est ‘nunc vero’. et subdistingue: nunc autem, Iovis imperio. {{sc|'''iovis imperio'''}} ne videretur inpudens, si aliena regna deposceret. et hoc latenter dicere videtur: fave huic cui etiam Iuppiter favet.

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#380|382.]]}} {{sc|'''eadem'''}} quae tunc scilicet silui, quae nihil petii. {{sc|'''sanctvm mihi nvmen'''}} si ‘sanctum’ simpliciter accipiatur, leve est. ‘numen’ ergo ‘sanctum’ ut ‘leges sanctas’ dicimus, id est firmas, a sanciendo.

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#380|383.]]}} {{sc|'''arma rogo'''}} hic distinguendum, ut cui petat, non dicat, sed relinquat intellegi, ne foede apud maritum et amorem suum circa Anchisen memoret et susceptum de adulterio filium. {{sc|'''genetrix nato.'''}} {{sc|'''te filia neri'''}} hoc est, soles hoc praestare matribus. et dicit Thetidem, quae Achilli arma inpetravit. et bonis utitur comparationibus dicendo ‘filia Neri’, cum ipsa Iovis sit filia, item ‘uxor Tithonia’, cum sit ipsa Vulcani. ‘Neri’ autem pro ‘Nerei’: omnia enim quae in ‘eus’ exeunt hodie apud maiores in ‘es’ exibant, ut ‘Nereus Neres, Tydeus Tydes’, et genetivum in ‘is’ mittebant, ‘Tydis Neris’. sed quia plerumque ‘s’ supra in latinitate detrahitur, remanebat ‘i’. hinc est ‘filia Neri’, “inmitis Achilli”, item in Sallustio “ad bellum Persi Macedonicum”. sic Asper.

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#380|384.]]}} {{sc|'''tithonia conivnx'''}} Aurora pro Memnone.

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''aspice qvi coeant popvli'''}} to aition, ut praesentem ostenderet necessitatem. dicendo autem ‘populi’ phantasiam fecit. {{sc|'''clavsis ferrvm acvant portis'''}} ut ostenderet festinationem: dixit enim superius “quinque adeo magnae positis incudibus urbes tela novant”. {{sc|'''in me'''}} artificiose arma petit etiam sibi profutura; nisi enim subvenis, iterum vulnerabor; nam a Graecis fuerat vulnerata, unde est “equidem credo mea vulnera restant”.

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#385|388.]]}} {{sc|'''cvnctantem'''}} scilicet de promissione, quam rem per amplexum suum inmisso amore persolvit.

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#385|389.]]}} {{sc|'''accepit solitam flammam'''}} vel quasi maritus; vel adludit ad rem naturalem: namque ideo Vulcanus maritus fingitur Veneris, quod Venerium officium non nisi calore consistit, unde est “frigidus in Venerem senior”.

{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''labefacta per ossa'''}} si ossa labefecit, quanto magis animum?

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#390|391.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve olim'''}} fere, ut solet; nam non est adverbium temporis.

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#390|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ignea rima micans'''}} id est fulmen, cuius naturam expressit; namque nubes vento coactae plerumque rumpuntur et ex se fulmen emittunt. quamvis philosophi fulgura et tonitrua simul exprimi dicant, sed illud celerius videri, quia clarum est, tonitrua autem ad aures tardius pervenire. alii ‘rima micans’ fulgetram dicunt: et hoc ad velocitatem amoris, qui momento Vulcanum percussit.

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#390|393.]]}} {{sc|'''formae conscia conivnx'''}} intellexit se dolis et pulchritudine pervertisse mentem mariti. alii duabus rebus Venerem volunt maritum adgressam, dolis et pulchritudine: et volunt melius ‘dolis [8.et formae] conscia’, quam ‘laeta’, et ‘formae’ melius dativo casu quam genetivo.

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#390|394.]]}} {{sc|'''devinctvs'''}} hoc sermone ostendit eum posse cuncta concedere.

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ex alto'''}} †mirum et hoc libenter et olim de promittentis. {{sc|'''ex alto'''}} argumentatione longe repetita. est autem de usu dictum: Cicero primo libro ad Brutum “si Pompeius non ex alto peteret et multis verbis me iam hortaretur”.

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#395|397.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm qvoqve'''}} sicut nunc. et ‘tum quoque’ bis audiendum. {{sc|'''tevcros armare fvisset'''}} per ‘Teucros’ Aenean debemus accipere, quia Venus ante ait ‘arma rogo’ et subiungendo ‘genetrix’ et rel. per similitudinem significat Aenean. ergo poeta aliud dicendo aliud dedit intellegi. sane ‘fuisset’, in proximo repetitum, decorem addidit.

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#395|398.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pater omnipotens'''}} notandum quod hic Iovem a fatis separat, cum alibi iungat, ut “sic fata deum rex sortitur”. sed hanc imminentium malorum dilationem Etrusci libri primo loco a Iove dicunt posse impetrari, post a fatis: unde et hic ait ‘nec pater omnipotens, nec fata vetabant’. {{sc|'''nec fata vetabant stare'''}} atqui supra ait ‘debita’. sed sciendum secundum aruspicinae libros et sacra Acheruntia, quae Tages conposuisse dicitur, fata decem annis quadam ratione differri: quod nunc dicit Vulcanus potuisse fieri. ergo non est contrarium; nam fata differuntur tantum, numquam penitus inmutantur: quod etiam Iuno dicit “atque inmota manet fatis Lavinia coniunx; at trahere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus”.

{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''si bellare paras'''}} quia dixerat ‘in me excidiumque meorum’. quidam hunc sensum illi iungunt ‘absiste precando viribus indubitare tuis’: cetera enim per parenthesin dicta sunt.

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#400|401.]]}} {{sc|'''possvm promittere cvrae'''}} quicquid in me curae est, id est officii et sollicitudinis.

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#400|402.]]}} {{sc|'''liqvido electro'''}} aut liquefacto, aut puro. et secundum Plinium in naturali historia tria sunt electri genera; unum ex arboribus, quod sucinum dicitur; aliud, quod naturaliter invenitur; tertium, quod fit de tribus partibus auri et una argenti: quas partes etiam si naturale solvas, invenies. unde errant qui dicunt melius esse naturale. electri autem natura probatur veneno, quo recepto et stridorem emittit et varios ad iridis similitudinem reddit colores. et ad lumina in convivio clarius auro et argento lucet.

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#400|403.]]}} {{sc|'''animaeqve valent'''}} fabrica Vulcani duobus constat, ventis et igne; hic ergo ‘animae’ pro spiritu, quo fabriles folles inflari solent. {{sc|'''animae'''}} venti, apo ton anemon: Horatius “inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae”: unde et ‘anima’ dicitur, quae secundum aliquos ventus est, ut “atque in ventos vita recessit”. {{sc|'''precando viribvs indvbitare tvis'''}} id est dubitare, nam ‘in’ vacat. et hoc dicit: precum nimietas postulationis significat dubitationem. sane ‘indubitare’ quis ante hunc?

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#400|404.]]}} {{sc|'''ea verba locvtvs'''}} quidam humiliter dictum accipiunt.

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#405|406.]]}} {{sc|'''conivgis infvsvs gremio'''}} hoc est ante concubuit et sic quievit. Probus vero et Carminius propter sensum cacenphaton ‘infusum’ legunt, ut sit sensus: dormiit cum coniuge dormiente, id est petiit soporem, infusum etiam coniugis gremio. alii ‘infusus’ legunt, ut significetur coisse illos et sic sopitos, et volunt esse emphasin coitus: nam ‘infusum gremio soporem’ nihil esse dicunt. multi autem cacenphaton accipiunt, ne duo epitheta videantur, ‘placidum’ et ‘infusum’. alii figurate accipiunt ‘placidum per membra’ pro eo quod est placidum membris. {{sc|'''per membra'''}} potest ambiguum videri, Vulcani an Veneris.

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#405|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrricvlo'''}} tempore modo; alias loco, alias officio. Cicero in Oratore pro loci spatio “haec sunt curricula ac spatia multiplicium variorumque verborum”. et multi sic distinguunt ‘inde ubi prima quies — medio iam noctis abactae curriculo expulerat somnum — cum femina primum, cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva impositum’; nam ‘quies curriculo expulerat somnum’ aut paene nihil est — quid enim est quies nisi somnus? — aut ut sit aliquid, non est abstemia matrona illa, cum surgit quiete satiata maxime. ‘cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva inpositum’ et hic distinguitur; quid enim est ‘inpositum cinerem'? cum illud sit pulchrius: cui castitas inposuit lanificio tolerare vitam, ut sequatur ‘cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes’, ut alibi “et sopitas ignibus aras excitat”.

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#405|409.]]}} {{sc|'''colo'''}} hunc sequimur: nam ‘huius coli’ dicimus, non ut Statius ‘huius colus’. {{sc|'''tenviqve minerva'''}} non filo tenui, id est subtili artificio; sed parvo pretio lanificii, id est tenuiter et exiliter victum praebente. et alii hic distinguunt et subaudiunt ‘mos est’ aut ‘placet’, ut sit sensus ‘cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva mos est’ vel ‘placet’ et sic inferunt ‘inpositum cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes’, ut e contra Horatius “incedis per ignes suppositos cineri doloso”. alii sic legunt ‘tenuique Minerva inpositum’, quasi fato datum, id est cui haec est necessitas fataliter data.

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#410|411.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem addens operi'''}} per transitum ostendit noctem esse partem diei.

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#410|412.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet penso'''}} fatigat: Terentius “primo haec vitam parce ac duriter agebat”. hinc ergo traxit Vergilius ut diceret ‘castum ut servare cubile coniugis’, id est ne cogatur propter paupertatem pudorem deserere.

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#410|414.]]}} {{sc|'''ignipotens'''}} Vulcanus, ut diximus, ignis est, et dictus Vulcanus quasi Volicanus, quod per aerem volet; ignis enim e nubibus nascitur. unde etiam Homerus dicit eum de aere praecipitatum in terras, quod omne fulmen de aere cadit. quod quia crebro in Lemnum insulam iacitur, ideo in eam dicitur cecidisse Vulcanus. claudus autem dicitur, quia per naturam numquam rectus est ignis. {{sc|'''nec tempore segnior illo'''}} bene comparationis similitudini duo reddidit, festinationem et industriam.

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ad fabrilia'''}} dura. et ex contrariis epithetis fecit ornatum, dicens ‘mollibus e stratis surrexit ad opera fabrilia’.

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#415|416.]]}} {{sc|'''insvla sicanivm ivxta latvs aeoliamqve erigitvr liparen'''}} physiologia est, cur Vulcanus in his locis officinam habere fingatur inter Aetnam et Liparen: scilicet propter ignem et ventos, quae apta sunt fabris. ‘Aeoliam’ autem ‘Liparen’ ideo, quia una est de illis septem insulis, in quibus Aeolus imperavit.

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#415|418.]]}} {{sc|'''exesa caminis'''}} ‘exesa’ ad usum caminorum, qui sunt Cyclopum: an ‘caminis exesa’ pro ‘ignibus exesa'?

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#415|419.]]}} {{sc|'''antra aetnaea tonant'''}} magnitudinem ictuum ostendit, quibus etiam vicini montes resultabant: aut certe ‘Aetnaea’ quasi Aetnae dixit.

{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''avditi refervnt gemitvs'''}} echo breviter significavit. {{sc|'''avditi r. g.'''}}] id est referentes gemitus audiuntur: non enim prius audiuntur et postea referunt gemitus. potest et bis intellegi audiri eos, primum cum eduntur, postea per echo, cum venerunt in ea loca, ex quibus repulsi vocis imaginem referunt.

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#420|421.]]}} {{sc|'''strictvrae chalybvm'''}} strictura est terra ferri in massam coacta. Chalybes autem proprie populi sunt, apud quos nascitur ferrum, ut ipse “at Chalybes nudi ferrum virosaque Pontus castorea”: unde modo ‘Chalybum’ posuit ‘stricturas’ pro ferri massis.

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#420|423.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc tvnc'''}} id est huc tum. et ‘hoc’ pro ‘huc’ posuit secundum antiquum morem: nam antea ‘hoc’ adverbium loci fuit, quod nunc abolevit: nam crebro in antiquis lectionibus invenitur, sicut in epistulis probat Verrius Flaccus exemplis auctoritate ratione, dicens in adverbiis pro ‘u’ ‘o’ plerumque maiores ponere consuetos. et sic pro ‘huc’ ‘hoc’ veteres dicere solebant, sicut pro ‘illuc’ ‘illo’ dicimus: unde etiam ‘hoc’ o longum esse apparet, sicut ‘illo’, cum pro ‘illuc’ ponitur.

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#420|424.]]}} {{sc|'''ferrvm exercebant'''}} oeconomia.

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''brontesqve'''}} quid facturi sint ex nominibus docet: nam Brontes a tonitru dictus est, Steropes a fulgetra, apo tes steropes. Pyragmon vero, qui numquam a calenti incude discedit, apo tou puros kai tou akmonos; nam pur ignis est, akmon incus. {{sc|'''nvdvs membra'''}} per hunc etiam ceteros nudos fuisse significat.

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#425|426.]]}} {{sc|'''informatvm'''}} in quandam formam designatum et conpositum. dicit autem in fulmine partem non perfectam, partem iam politam fuisse. {{sc|'''manibvs'''}} deest ‘in’, ut sit ‘in manibus’.

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#425|427.]]}} {{sc|'''toto genitor qvae plvrima caelo'''}} ‘toto caelo’, id est ab omni parte caeli: nam dicunt physici de sedecim partibus caeli iaci fulmina. ‘quae’ autem qualia, ut “hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio”, id est talem. ergo hoc dicit: faciebant fulmen in eorum similitudinem, quae Iuppiter iacit toto caelo, hoc est de diversis partibus caeli, scilicet sedecim.

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#425|428.]]}} {{sc|'''deicit'''}} quibusdam videtur humiliter dictum. alii ‘de’ pro ‘valde’ accipiunt, sicut dicimus ‘deamo’ pro ‘valde amo’.

{{ancora+|429|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#425|429.]]}} {{sc|'''tris imbris torti radios'''}} constricti et coacti in grandinem: Statius “sicco quos asper hiatu praesolidat Boreas”. et sciendum hoc eum velle ostendere, toto anno iaci fulmen: nam per has periphrasis tempora ostendit anni totius, quae et quattuor esse et ternos menses habere manifestum est: unde dicit ‘tris imbris torti radios’, hoc est grandinis, quae abundat per hiemem; ‘tris nubis aquosae’, hoc est veris, quo tempore nimiae sunt pluviae, ut “et ruit imbriferum ver”; ‘rutili tris ignis’, hoc est aestatis; ‘et alitis austri’, id est autumni, quo ventorum crebra sunt flamina. et prudenter his omnibus naturam exprimit fulminis, quod necesse est ut per nubes nascatur et ventos: nam alibi ait “fulminis adflavit ventis et contigit igni”. et bene in materiam fulminis vertit ea ex quibus fulmen nascitur, nubem imbrem ventum: nam ut physici volunt, cum nubes ventis vehementer agitatae sunt, sic incalescunt, ut accendantur. sane fulmen triplici praeditum potestate est: est ostentatorium, peremptorium, praesagum. ostentatorium est quo terror incutitur, ut ‘fulgores nunc terrificos sonitumque metumque’. at cum dicit ‘flammisque sequacibus iras’ peremptorium docet. praesagi autem sic meminit “tertius ille hominum divumque interpres Asilas, cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes”. non nulli vero manubias fulminis his numinibus, id est Iovi, Iunoni, Marti et Austro vento, adserunt attributas, quod hoc loco ostendunt. nam cum dicit ‘tris imbris torti radios’, Iovem significasse intellegitur; cum vero ‘tris nubis aquosae’, Iunonem intellegit; cum autem ‘rutili tris ignis’, Martem; et sic adiectum ‘alitis Austri’, scilicet venti. alii ideo ternorum radiorum volunt mentionem factam, quia fulmen trisulcum est: aut enim terebrat aut incendit aut †disclina. et ‘imbris torti radios’ pro ‘tortos radios’, ‘torti’ autem vehementis. et hoc verbo frequenter utitur quotiens vim aliquam vult exprimere, ut “torquet aquosam hiemem” et “an te genitor, cum fulmina torques”.

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#430|431.]]}} {{sc|'''fvlgores nvnc terrificos'''}} quas fulgetras dicunt. {{sc|'''sonitvmqve metvmqve'''}} non quem habeant, sed quem inferant. et per sonitum tonitrua ostendit, per metum fulgetras. et hunc ordinem sic posuit, ut hominibus videtur: nam re vera prior est conlisio nubium, unde ignis emicat: nos autem ideo prius fulgetras videmus, quam tonitrua audiamus, quia velocior oculorum, quam aurium sensus est.

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#430|432.]]}} {{sc|'''seqvacibvs'''}} persecutricibus: quoniam rapax natura ignis est. et ordo est ‘irasque flammis sequacibus’.

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#430|433.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrrvmqve rotasqve'''}} nova elocutio ‘currum et rotas instabant’. nec nos moveat quod in domo Vulcani Marti currus fabricatur; eo enim absente fabricabatur.

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''aegidaqve horriferam'''}} aegis proprie est munimentum pectoris aereum, habens in medio Gorgonis caput: quod munimentum si in pectore numinis fuerit, aegis vocatur: si in pectore hominis, sicut in antiquis imperatorum statuis videmus, lorica dicitur. {{sc|'''tvrbatae'''}} vel concitatae et iratae: vel pro ‘turbantis’: nam timuit homoeoteleuton, et fecit supinam significationem. alii ad fabulam referunt, quia dicitur in bello Gigantum arma perdidisse turbata, ut quasi ipsa nunc reparet: cuius dicti nullus auctor invenitur idoneus.

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#435|436.]]}} {{sc|'''sqvamis serpentvm avroqve polibant'''}} aegida horriferam aureis squamis serpentum certatim polibant. alii volunt re vera de corio serpentum dicere eum arma esse levigata.

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#435|437.]]}} {{sc|'''conexosqve angves'''}} Gorgonis scilicet capiti. {{sc|'''ipsamqve in pectore divae'''}} hoc est quae in pectore ponatur.

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#435|438.]]}} {{sc|'''desecto vertentem lvmina collo'''}} aut sua lumina circumferentem et mortis indignatione quaerentem, quorum se interitu posset ulcisci: aut certe intuentum lumina in saxa vertentem: aut horrore suo aliorum oculos avertentem, ne cum periculo videretur. hoc autem caput ideo Minerva fingitur habere in pectore, quod illic est omnis prudentia, quae confundit alios et inperitos ac saxeos conprobat. {{sc|'''desecto vertentem'''}} quomodo ‘vertentem'? id est secto collo non sua lumina vertentem, sed immutantem eorum faciem qui hanc vidissent: aut ‘vertentem’ dixit ‘lumina’ aversa habentem, ut habuit cum secaretur ei collum, et quaereret aspectibus vindicari.

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#435|439.]]}} {{sc|'''tollite cvncta inqvit'''}} vile est quod plerique dicunt, propter arma Martis iratum esse Vulcanum, praesertim cum et arment Minervam et fabricent fulmina Cyclopes, et Vulcanus dixerit ‘cuncta tollite’. ergo ‘tollite’ aut differte est, aut celerius terminate. {{sc|'''coeptosqve avferte labores'''}} quia dixerat ‘his informatum manibus iam parte polita fulmen erat’.

{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''aetnaei cyclopes'''}} ut “Aetnaeos fratres”.

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#440|441.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc viribvs vsvs'''}} hoc est nunc est vestrarum virium exercitium, id est tempus est exercendae virtutis circa arma viri fortis. et sic dictum est, ut dicimus ‘opus est viribus’: et hoc quidam non ad difficultatem operis, sed ad celeritatem referunt.

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#440|442.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidis'''}} paratis. {{sc|'''arte magistra'''}} ambitiosius quam si ‘magistri’ diceret: et rem personae in artem transtulit, ut si dicas ‘opus est peritia medicinae’, non ‘medici’.

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#440|443.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipitate moras'''}} praecipitanter, id est festinanter abicite. {{sc|'''nec plvra effatvs'''}} sicut festinantem decebat.

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#440|444.]]}} {{sc|'''ocivs incvbvere'''}} quam ille praeceperat. {{sc|'''pariter'''}} pari modo. dicitur et pro ‘similiter’ et pro ‘simul’.

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''sortiti'''}} diviserunt inter se laboris officium, ut “sortiti remos”.

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#445|446.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlnificvsqve chalyps'''}} populum, apud quos nascitur, pro ferro posuit. et ‘liquescit’ dixit proprie: nam ferrum non semper solvitur, sed mollescit.

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#445|447.]]}} {{sc|'''informant'''}} designant. {{sc|'''ingentem'''}} autem et magnitudine et soliditate: nam et clipeum dixit, qui magnitudine corpus furatur, unde et clipeus dictus est apo tou klepsai: et dicturus est ‘septenosque orbibus orbes inpediunt’, id est veluti septem scuta facta in unitatem conectunt.

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#445|449.]]}} {{sc|'''ventosis'''}} ventos gignentibus: aliter “ventosa per aequora vectis”, quae ventis turbentur.

{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''accipivnt reddvntqve'''}} iungendum: uno enim eodemque tempore parte reddunt, parte ventos accipiunt. {{sc|'''stridentia tingvnt'''}} tingendo stridere faciunt.

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#450|451.]]}} {{sc|'''aera lacv'''}} amat lacum pro aqua ponere.

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#450|452.]]}} {{sc|'''illi'''}} quidam pro ‘alii’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''in nvmervm'''}} in ordinem, ut “tunc vero in numerum Faunosque ferasque videres ludere”.

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#450|453.]]}} {{sc|'''forcipe'''}} forfices sunt quibus incidimus, forcipes quibus aliquid forvum tenemus, quasi forvicapes; nam forvum est calidum: unde et formosos dicimus quibus calor sanguinis ex rubore pulchritudinem creat. has tamen forcipes in medicinalibus Graeci ardiotheres appellant, quibus solent in bello vulneratis spicula extrahi.

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#450|454.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm haec properat'''}} hoc est properanter facit: et est honesta elocutio. {{sc|'''aeoliis'''}} nam, ut diximus, Vulcania una est de septem Aeoliis, in quibus Aeolus regnaverat. {{sc|'''lemnivs'''}} quia in Lemnum insulam, ut diximus, cecidit, a Iove praecipitatus vel a Iunone propter deformitatem deiectus, quam aerem esse constat, ex quo fulmina procreantur. ideo autem Vulcanus de femore Iunonis fingitur natus, quod fulmina de imo aere nascuntur: quod etiam Lucanus dicit “fulminibus terrae propior succenditur aer, pacem summa tenent”.

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#455|456.]]}} {{sc|'''volvcrvm svb cvlmine'''}} potest et generaliter accipi volucrum quarumvis, quae matutinae sonant; potest et specialiter, ut hirundinum; potest et gallorum: quae omnia propter sermonis humilitatem vitavit.

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#455|458.]]}} {{sc|'''tyrrhena vincvla'''}} Tusca calciamenta. et dicit crepidas, quas primo habuere senatores, post equites Romani, nunc milites. alii calceos senatorios volunt, quia hoc genus calciamenti a Tuscis sumptum est.

{{ancora+|459|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#455|459.]]}} {{sc|'''tegeaevm ensem'''}} Arcadicum gladium.

{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''demissa ab laeva pantherae terga retorqvens'''}} a sinistro humero pellem demissam habuit, quam retorquens et in dexteram revocans partem se amiciebat.

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#460|461.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini cvstodes'''}} hoc et in Homero lectum est et in historia Romana, quae ait “Syphax inter duos canes stans Scipionem appellavit”.

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#460|464.]]}} {{sc|'''sermonvm memor'''}} scilicet promissi auxilii, ut “auxilio tutos dimittam opibusque iuvabo”. {{sc|'''heros'''}} hoc nomen non tantum praesentis est virtutis, sed et praeteritae: unde est quod Euandrum heroem dicit, cum sit virtutis emeritae. plerumque heros et generis est.

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''matvtinvs agebat'''}} rem temporis ad personam transtulit.

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#465|467.]]}} {{sc|'''ivngvnt dextras'''}} sic enim se antiqui salutabant.

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#465|468.]]}} {{sc|'''licito tandem sermone'''}} ‘tandem’, quia amborum desiderio nox fecerat moram: vel ‘tandem’ dato secreto.

{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''maxime tevcrorvm'''}} dicendo ‘maxime’ subtiliter ostendit eum pontificis maximi et scientiam et potestatem habere.

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#470|471.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmqvam res eqvidem troiae victas'''}} satis mature ‘equidem’ dixit, id est ego quidem Troiam te vivo victam non arbitror, quantum est in opinione mea.

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#470|472.]]}} {{sc|'''pro nomine tanto'''}} pro tui nominis gloria.

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#470|474.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc rvtvlvs premit'''}} hoc est “gens eadem, quae te crudeli Daunia bello insequitur”. {{sc|'''et mvrvm circvmsonat armis'''}} et brevitatem sui ostendit imperii et hostilem necessitatem, ob quam se penitus exarmare non poterat. ‘amni’ autem ‘claudimur Tusco’ ideo dixit, quia ipse fuit Romani finis imperii: Iuvenalis “et quae imperii fines Tiberinum virgo natavit”.

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''sed tibi ego'''}} artificiose agit, ut etiam quae monstrantur auxilia, ipsius esse videantur. ‘ingentes’ autem ‘populos’ non sine causa dixit: nam Tuscia duodecim lucumones habuit, id est reges, quibus unus praeerat: unde est “gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni”.

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#475|476.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam fors inopina'''}} hoc beneficium casus praestat, qui efficit ut eo tempore quaeras auxilium, quo Tyrrheni ducem requirunt.

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#475|477.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis hvc te poscentibvs adfer'''}} perge illuc poscentibus fatis; nam talis est sensus, si legeris ‘adfer’. et similiter iungit fortunam fato, ut supra, ubi ait “fortuna omnipotens et ineluctabile fatum”. si autem legeris ‘adfers’, sensus erit talis: fati necessitate factum est ut venires; fortunae beneficium ut illi ducem requirant. legimus ergo et ‘adfer’ et ‘adfers’.

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#475|478.]]}} {{sc|'''havd procvl hinc'''}} ut ire ei facile persuadeat. {{sc|'''saxo colitvr fvndata vetvsto'''}} antiquo opere, ut “templa dei saxo venerabar structa vetusto”.

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#475|479.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbis agyllinae sedes'''}} quae nunc Caere dicitur. {{sc|'''lydia qvondam gens'''}} ‘quondam insedit’, non ‘quondam bello praeclara’: nam etiam tunc florebat. sane etiam supra diximus, Maeoniam provinciam esse. cuius dum brevitas duos fratres, Lydum et Tyrrhenum, ferre non posset, ex sorte Tyrrhenus cum ingenti multitudine profectus est et partem Italiae tenuit et Tyrrheniam nominavit. hi diu piraticam exercuerunt, ut etiam Cicero in Hortensio docet, cum captivos novis poenis adfligerent, occisorum eos religantes cadaveribus. quod Vergilius dat Mezentio, sciens lectum esse de gente Tyrrhenorum. sane illo tempore Tyrrheni dicti sunt, post Tusci apo tou thuein. Lydi autem a Lydo, regis fratre, qui in provincia remanserat. et ‘Lydia’ provincia positivum, ‘Lydia’ gens derivativum pro ‘Lydica’. sane hanc Agyllam quidam a Pelasgo conditam dicunt, alii a Telegono, alii a Tyrrheno, Telephi filio. ‘insedit’ autem secundum Sallustium “montem sacrum atque Aventinum insedit”.

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#480|482.]]}} {{sc|'''saevis tenvit mezentivs armis'''}} unde illi magis indigni iniuriis, quorum persona laudata. et hoc positum est, ut ostendatur an utile illis sit iungi Aeneae.

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#480|483.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid memorem infandas caedes'''}} figura oratoria, quae paralipsis vocatur: Cicero “nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo”.

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#480|484.]]}} {{sc|'''effera'''}} cruenta. {{sc|'''di capiti ipsivs'''}} ut “quod di prius omen in ipsum convertant”. quando enim volumus exprimere indignitatem rei, quasi commoti avertimus orationem, ut “di talia Grais”.

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''mortva qvin etiam'''}} quod supra dictum est: quod Cicero etiam in Hortensio de Tuscis dixit.

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#485|487.]]}} {{sc|'''tormenti genvs'''}} exclamatio est inventi supplicii, et etiam detestatio. {{sc|'''sanie taboqve'''}} sanies mortui est. ‘tabo’ viventis scilicet sanguinis.

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#485|489.]]}} {{sc|'''at fessi'''}} cum essent fessi, tandem circumsistunt.

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#490|493.]]}} {{sc|'''confvgere'''}} confugiebat: et ut diximus, historicus stilus est. {{sc|'''defendier'''}} defendi, id est defendebatur. et vertit historiam; nam, ut diximus, Turnus magis confugit ad Mezentium.

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''ad svpplicivm'''}} bene, non ad bellum. {{sc|'''praesenti marte'''}} sine aliqua dilatione.

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#495|496.]]}} {{sc|'''his ego te aenea dvctorem'''}} quasi grande incrementum. {{sc|'''addam'''}} aut dabo; aut re vera addam habentibus Tarchonem. {{sc|'''toto namqve fremvnt'''}} vel praeterita narrat; vel coniectura est, utrum velint qui cessant.

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#495|498.]]}} {{sc|'''longaevvs arvspex'''}} argumento aetatis vult doctum videri. quibusdam sane displicet, quod aruspicis nomen non addiderit, cuius aetatem auctoritatemque designat.

{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''flos vetervm'''}} Ennianum.

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#500|502.]]}} {{sc|'''svbivngere'''}} coniungendo subiungere.

{{ancora+|503|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#500|503.]]}} {{sc|'''optate dvces'''}} votis scilicet: vel certe expectate vel legite.

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#500|504.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc acies campo'''}} quasi iam in bellum parati.

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''regniqve coronam'''}} insigne, non re vera coronam, quam Tusci reges numquam habuerunt. ergo species est pro genere.

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#505|506.]]}} {{sc|'''mandatqve insignia'''}} aut mittit insignia, id est omnia ornamenta regalia, aut re vera ‘mandat insignia’, id est magna, ut castris succedam, capessam regna Tyrrhena. alii ‘insignia’ pro fascibus accipiunt, qui ad Romanos a Tuscis translati sunt; aliud est enim ‘insigne’ singulari numero, aliud ‘insignia’, in quibus vestis et sella regia accipi potest. vel ‘mandat’ tradit, ut dicimus mandari magistratum: Sallustius “ad consulatum mandandum M. Tullio Ciceroni”.

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#505|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sed mihi tarda gelv'''}} occurrit tacitis quaestionibus, dicens se non isse propter aetatem senilem, filium vero propter mixtum genus per originem matris: unde Aenean dicit ire debere, cui et aetas et origo regna concedunt. {{sc|'''saeclisqve effeta senectvs'''}} notandum dicta ‘saecula’ etiam in uno homine secundum eos qui dicunt saeculum triginta annos habere: nam alii volunt centum et decem, alii mille annis putant saeculum contineri.

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#505|509.]]}} {{sc|'''invidet imperivm'''}} bona elocutio est, ut “Liber pampineas invidit collibus umbras”.

{{ancora+|510|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#510|510.]]}} {{sc|'''mixtvs matre sabella'''}} pro ‘duplici genere natus’.

{{ancora+|511|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#510|511.]]}} {{sc|'''partem patriae traheret'''}} sic dixit ‘traheret’ quomodo dicitur originem ducere. {{sc|'''et annis'''}} ad se retulit.

{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#510|512.]]}} {{sc|'''generi fatvm indvlget'''}} ad Pallanta retulit. {{sc|'''qvem nvmina poscvnt'''}} ut ‘externos optate duces’.

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#510|513.]]}} {{sc|'''italvm fortissime dvctor'''}} eusumbolos iam ductorem Italiae vocat Aenean.

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#510|514.]]}} {{sc|'''spes et solacia'''}} ‘spes’ quia multa sibi de eius virtute promittebat pater, ‘solacium’ quia amissa coniuge unici filii utebatur solacio.

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''tolerare'''}} quasi rem asperam et difficilem. et per hoc significat nondum eum sufficere, ut intellegatur quid nolit: nam et paternam sollicitudinem servat et heroicam virtutem, et ideo non vult simpliciter dicere nondum debere puerum pugnare, sed verecunde ‘sub te tolerare magistro’.

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#515|517.]]}} {{sc|'''miretvr'''}} imitetur: Lucanus “miratoremque Catonis”, id est imitatorem: optima enim ingenia necesse est ut ea quae mirantur, imitentur.

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#515|519.]]}} {{sc|'''svo nomine'''}} bene in omnibus filii gratiam facit: nam dicit: dat tibi Pallas milites ducentos suo nomine, ipse vero a me accipiet ducentos. {{sc|'''svo nomine'''}}] maluit enim munus suum cum persona eius dividere, quam suo nomine totum dare.

{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''defixiqve ora tenebant'''}} aut tacebant, ut “tenuitque inhians tria Cerberus ora”: aut stupebant.

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#520|522.]]}} {{sc|'''tristi cvm corde'''}} propter brevitatem auxiliorum. {{sc|'''pvtabant'''}} figura per tempora: ‘putabant’ quasi putassent, nisi signum dedisset. aut certe ‘putabant’ cogitabant: unde et arbores putari dicuntur, quia diu deliberatur, quid eis adimi debeat, quid relinqui. putare est et discernere et in partes redigere, inde disputare.

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#520|523.]]}} {{sc|'''caelo aperto'''}} sereno, ut “et aperta serena prospicere”. †in eo est enim quod aperti.

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#520|524.]]}} {{sc|'''inproviso'''}} nullum enim indicium praecesserat nubium. {{sc|'''vibratvs'''}} proprium telorum ad fulgorem transtulit. {{sc|'''fvlgor'''}} id est fulgetra. et tria genera fulgoris esse dicuntur: unum consiliarium, ubi quid cogitantibus nobis accidit, quod vetat aut hortatur; alterum auctoritatis, quod evenit re gesta, quod probet; tertium statum est, ubi nec novi quicquam gessimus nec cogitamus, sed quietis nostris rebus fruimur. sed duo haec, quae sequuntur, ad locum hunc non pertinent. primum sane apte videtur adiungi, ubi quid cogitantibus nobis accidit, quod vetat aut hortatur, quod consiliarium dicitur: nam et hic modo Aeneas de brevitate auxilii cogitat, quia ait ‘multaque dura suo tristi cum corde putabant’ et sic fulgur factum est, quod eum hortetur, ne de bellicis subsidiis desperet.

{{ancora+|525|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#525|525.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm sonitv'''}} tonitrus scilicet. et, ut diximus supra, ordinem tenuit qui nobis apparet, ut fulgetras dicat priores, cum sint ante tonitrua. {{sc|'''rvere omnia'''}} sic enim sonat, ut videatur ruina: alibi “caelique ruina”. bene autem temperavit dicens ‘visa’, id est ad opinionem animi.

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#525|526.]]}} {{sc|'''tyrrhenvsqve tvbae mvgire per aethera clangor'''}} Tyrrhenum clangorem dixit tubae ideo, quia apud Tuscos tubam constat inventam. ergo ‘Tyrrhenus clangor’ sonus Tyrrhenarum tubarum. et bene congruis ominibus arma nuntiantur, per sonum tubarum. et figurate per epitheti inmutationem Tyrrhenae tubae. Varro de saeculis “auditum sonum tubae de caelo” dicit. videtur autem hic oportune Tyrrhenae tubae facta mentio, ut iam ad Tyrrhenorum castra vocari videatur Aeneas.

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#525|527.]]}} {{sc|'''fragor intonat'''}} ‘fragor’ est proprie armorum sonus. quod autem dicit ‘intonat’, illuc spectat “fulminat Aeneas armis”, quae vult fragore tonitrua, splendore fulgetram imitari. non autem mirum est a Venere allatis armis inesse fulgorem: nam et Homerus dicit a Thetide oblata arma habere motum quendam et spiritum, quae duo in aqua esse manifestum est. Thetidem autem novimus nympham esse.

{{ancora+|528|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#525|528.]]}} {{sc|'''inter nvbem'''}} per nubem, more suo. et dicit in serena parte caeli fuisse nubem, per quam arma portata sunt.

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#525|529.]]}} {{sc|'''per svdvm'''}} ‘sudum’ est quasi sub udum, serenum post pluvias, ut “ver sudum”. alii ‘sudum’ semiudum volunt dici, cum per nubes ad nos perveniat solis ictus non integer. {{sc|'''pvlsa tonare'''}} recte arma, quae iisdem ignibus, quibus fulmina, facta sunt, ait tonare pulsa. et hic magis proprie, quam Homerus: ille enim spirare ait et moveri, hic vero armis Aeneae caelestem sonitum dedit, unde veniebant.

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#530|531.]]}} {{sc|'''agnovit sonitvm'''}} hoc est quid sonitus significaret. {{sc|'''divae promissa parentis'''}} kata to siopomenon intellegamus Venerem ei promisisse.

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#530|532.]]}} {{sc|'''hospes'''}} et qui suscipit et qui suscipitur ‘hospes’ vocatur, ut hoc loco Euander, item supra “hospitis Aeneae sedem”. {{sc|'''ne qvaere profecto'''}} hic ‘profecto’ vetuste pro expletiva coniunctione positum. {{sc|'''ne vero hospes ne qvaere profecto'''}} ambae particulae ad ornatum pertinent tantum.

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#530|533.]]}} {{sc|'''portenta'''}} modo bona omina. {{sc|'''ego poscor olympo'''}} aut de Olympo poscor, id est haec signa mei causa fiunt: aut certe in Olympum poscor. alii ‘Olympo poscor’, alii ‘Olympo’ sequentibus iungunt.

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#530|534.]]}} {{sc|'''diva creatrix'''}} rerum omnium generaliter.

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#535|537.]]}} {{sc|'''hev'''}} adeo de victoria fretus est, ut etiam hostium misereatur. et hinc nascitur ille sensus “non haec o Palla dederas promissa parenti”. item Aeneas “hi nostri reditus expectatique triumphi? haec mea magna fides!”

{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''poscant acies'''}} quasi eant nunc et flagitent bellum. {{sc|'''foedera rvmpant'''}} quae se facturum Latinus promiserat; non enim erant facta: aut certe ‘foedera’, quod in septimo legati cum muneribus missi.

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#540|542.]]}} {{sc|'''hercvleis sopitas ignibvs aras'''}} hypallage est, id est suscitavit aras Herculeas, in quibus erant ignes sopiti.

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#540|543.]]}} {{sc|'''hesternvm'''}} autem {{sc|'''larem'''}} cui pridie sacrificaverat. et est iteratio: nam male quidam ‘externum’ legunt, id est extraneum.

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#540|544.]]}} {{sc|'''mactat lectas'''}} de more lectas, an de more mactat?

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''evandrvs'''}} pro ‘Euander’, sed vitavit homoioteleuton sequentis verbi.

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#545|546.]]}} {{sc|'''post hinc ad naves graditvr'''}} unum vacat, aut ‘post’, aut ‘hinc’, ut “post hinc digrediens iubeo frondentia capris arbuta”: tale est et illud “primus ibi ante omnes”.

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#545|547.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi sese in bella seqvantvr'''}} in expeditionem et bellicam praeparationem: nam, ut supra diximus, ‘bellum’ est tempus omne quo vel praeparatur aliquid pugnae necessarium, vel quo pugna geritur, ‘proelium’ autem dicitur conflictus ipse bellorum: unde modo bene dixit ‘qui sese in bella sequantur’, non ‘in proelium’; nam ad auxilia petenda vadit, non ad pugnam. quamquam etiam si sic diceret ‘qui se in proelium sequantur’, non valde ab re esse videbatur: hi enim equites, cum a Tarchone accepisset Aeneas auxilia, cum aliis Etruscis equitibus per terram missi, obvios statim habuere bellantes, et quasi iam hinc recte pergere videntur in proelium: unde etiam a Cymodocea naviganti Aeneae dicitur “iam loca iussa tenent forti permixtus Etrusco Arcas eques”.

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#545|549.]]}} {{sc|'''segnis'''}} sine remigio, id est cessans, nihil administrans. et respexit ad descendentes, de quibus ait “remigio noctemque diemque fatigant”, licet fuerit lenissimus fluvius. epitheton ergo ad tempus, non enim ignavos dixit: aut ‘segnis’ certe, quia meliores elegerat. {{sc|'''deflvit'''}} defertur.

{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''rervm'''}} quas gesserat. {{sc|'''patris'''}} ubi esset.

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#550|552.]]}} {{sc|'''exortem aeneae'''}} per id quod non est factum, quod factum est indicatur. per ‘exortem’ autem optimum et praecipuum significat. ‘exortem’ autem, ut ‘exlegem’. et multi hoc loco reprehendunt Vergilium, quod, cum Aeneam ubique pontificem ostendat, et pontificibus non liceat equo vehi, sed curru, sicut et in septimo a Latino ei currum missum dicit, cur hic equo eum usum faciat, dicens ‘ducunt exortem Aeneae, quem fulva leonis pellis obit totum praefulgens unguibus aureis’ item ‘iamque adeo exierat portis equitatus apertis Aeneas inter primos’. cuius rei haec redditur ratio: Aeneam non tantum pontificii iuris, sed omnium sacrorum et peritum et primum fuisse, Vergilium autem inventa occasione ritum Romanarum caerimoniarum exponere. etenim veteri sacrorum ritu neque Martialis neque Quirinalis flamen omnibus caerimoniis tenebatur, quibus flamen Dialis: neque diurnis sacrificiis destinabantur, et abesse eis a finibus Italiae licebat, neque semper praetextam, neque apicem nisi tempore sacrificii gestare soliti erant. ergo si ire eis in provinciam licebat, et equo sine religione vehi licuit: quod hic ostendit, velut in provinciam misso Aeneae equum datum: nam Euander hoc ait ‘sed tibi ego ingentes populos opulentaque regnis iungere castra paro’, deinde infra de potestate obtinendae provinciae subtexuit ‘ipse oratores ad me regnique coronam cum sceptro misit’, et excusatione interposita hortatur Aeneam, ut Etruscis, regem et ducem desiderantibus, praesit: ait enim ‘tu, cuius et annis et generi fatum indulget, ingredere’. ergo et equo merito uti potuit, si ei ire in provinciam fas erat. sciendum tamen poetam contentum esse universum ius pontificale, dum aliud narrat, attingere.

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#550|553.]]}} {{sc|'''pellis obit totvm'''}} pellis ostenditur magnitudo in hoc, quod dicit ‘totum obit’, id est circumdat. {{sc|'''vngvibvs avreis'''}} aut quia ungues ipsi cum aruerint, auri imitantur colorem; aut quia solebant deaurari: Statius “auro mansueverat ungues”.

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#550|554.]]}} {{sc|'''svbito vvlgata'''}} cur ‘subito'? ipse dicit: quasi ‘per parvam urbem’.

{{ancora+|555|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#555|555.]]}} {{sc|'''ocivs'''}} positivus antiquus est, id est ‘celeriter’; nec enim potest esse comparativus ubi nulla est comparatio. tractum ex Graeco okeos.

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#555|556.]]}} {{sc|'''vota metv dvplicant matres'''}} bene ‘duplicant metu’, nam inest semper in matribus votum. {{sc|'''propivsqve periclo it timor'''}} ‘it timor propius periclo’, id est ad periculum vicinius: aut certe ‘it timor propius periclo’ pro ‘propior’; nam matres quod timent, hoc putant liberis posse contingere. aut certe ‘aequatur periculo timor’, et per dativum extulit, ut “propius stabulis armenta tenerent”: aut poetice dixit timorem periculo comitem.

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#555|557.]]}} {{sc|'''iam apparet'''}} adhuc illis pergentibus iam proelium cogitabatur a matribus. ergo ut solet, imaginem ten phantasian, ut est “et plurima mortis imago”: hanc Sallustius speciem dicit: “speciem captae urbis efficere”.

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#555|558.]]}} {{sc|'''pater evandrvs'''}} cum dicit ‘pater’, ostendit cuius. {{sc|'''dextram complexvs evntis'''}} filii scilicet, quia dixerat ‘pater’.

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#555|559.]]}} {{sc|'''haeret inexpletvs'''}} multi hic distinguunt, ut sit ‘inexpletus haesit et talia locutus est lacrimans’. alii legunt ‘inexpletus lacrimis’. honestius tamen est ‘inexpletum lacrimans’, ut sit nomen pro adverbio, id est inexplebiliter.

{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''o mihi praeteritos referat si ivppiter annos'''}} et ‘o’ et ‘si’ optantis sunt, id est utinam: quae nunc iunguntur; nam singula ante ponebantur, ut “si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus”: ergo unum vacat, quantum ad antiquitatem. et notandum votum de praeterito fieri.

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#560|561.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis eram'''}} aut ut sim talis, qualis tunc eram, quando ista perfeci: aut certe laudantis est ‘qualis eram cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa stravi’. et bonum principium parentis, qui filium ad bella mittens cohortatur: ab aetate enim iuvenum coepit, cui facile esse debet hostem prosternere. simul et filium paternis exemplis admonuit, ut “et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitat Hector”. {{sc|'''praeneste svb ipsa'''}} in septimo neutro genere dixit “quique altum Praeneste viri”.

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#560|562.]]}} {{sc|'''scvtorvmqve incendi victor acervos'''}} hoc traxit de historia: Tarquinius enim Priscus victis Sabinis in honorem Vulcani eorum arma succendit: quem postea secuti sunt ceteri.

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#560|564.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi tres animas'''}} per transitum ostendit illam Platonis et Aristotelis contentionem, qui dubitant, utrum quattuor, an tres animae sint in homine, phusike aisthetike noetike, remota kinetike. hoc autem loco per ‘tres animas’ magnum et perfectum indicat virum; nam quantum ad fabulam pertinet, tres animas propter tria habuit corpora. attendendum sane, hoc sibi Euandrum vindicare quod fuit in Hercule; nam ut ille Geryonem extinxit, ita hic Erylum occidit. inde est quod paulo post dicit ‘neque finitimo Mezentius umquam huic capiti insultans’. Herculis enim mos fuit, ut etiam non rogatus laborantibus subveniret. tunc enim, sicut et Varro dicit, omnes qui fecerant fortiter, Hercules vocabantur: licet eos primo XLIII. enumeraverit. hinc est quod legimus Herculem Tirynthium, Argivum, Thebanum, Libym. {{sc|'''feronia mater'''}} nympha Campaniae, quam etiam supra diximus. haec etiam libertorum dea est, in cuius templo raso capite pilleum accipiebant. cuius rei etiam Plautus in Amphitryone facit mentionem “quod utinam ille faxit Iuppiter, ut raso capite portem pilleum” (Am. 461-462). in huius templo Tarracinae sedile lapideum fuit, in quo hic versus incisus erat “bene meriti servi sedeant, surgant liberi”. quam Varro Libertatem deam dicit, Feroniam quasi Fidoniam.

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''horrendvm dictv'''}} dictum est e persona poetae, qui his quibus fides difficilior est, interponit adfectum, ut alibi “horresco referens” et “horrendum dictu, latices nigrescere sacros”: et hoc facit, ut probabilitas credendi nascatur. {{sc|'''terna arma movenda'''}} figura poetica, nam ‘trina’ debuit dicere: ‘arma’ enim numeri sunt tantum pluralis. ‘movenda’ autem vel contra ipsum, vel ab ipso.

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#565|569.]]}} {{sc|'''finitimo'''}} aut in finitimo: aut finitimo capiti, id est vicino.

{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic capiti insvltans'''}} ad curam enim viri fortis et viri boni pertinet, ne quid iniuriose fiat alicui homini: ergo et hinc contumeliam ducit, quod finitimos a tyranni iniuria non defenderit.

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#570|571.]]}} {{sc|'''vidvasset civibvs vrbem'''}} scilicet viris fortibus peremptis. et proprie ‘viduasset’ dixit, quia urbs generis est feminini: Horatius abusive et satis incongrue in genere masculino posuit, dicens “viduus pharetra risit Apollo”.

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#570|572.]]}} {{sc|'''at vos o svperi'''}} iam hinc quasi pater loquitur. divisa enim est haec adlocutio, et ultima pars eius habet parentis adfectum, quod et ipse ostendit dicens ‘et patrias audite preces’; prima vero viri fortis est, ut ‘qualis eram, cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa stravi’.

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#570|574.]]}} {{sc|'''patrias avdite preces'''}} poterat videri idem dixisse, nisi libenter voto suo immoraretur.

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#575|577.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrare laborem'''}} ipsius scilicet senectutis: Terentius “senectus ipsa morbus est”. ‘durare’ autem est sustinere: Horatius “ac sine funibus vix durare carinae possunt imperiosius aequor”.

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#575|578.]]}} {{sc|'''infandvm casvm'''}} parentis est quod formidat nolle memorare.

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#575|579.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelem vitam'''}} quae filio est superstes.

{{ancora+|581|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#580|581.]]}} {{sc|'''sola et sera'''}} quia et unus erat, et serius susceptus, id est a seniore. vel propter hoc vitam optat longiorem, quod brevem ex illo fructum consecutus sit, vel quod sera ex filiis voluptas est.

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#580|583.]]}} {{sc|'''svpremo'''}} hoc ex persona poetae, quia periturus erat Pallas.

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve adeo exierat'''}} ‘adeo’ ad ornatum pertinet tantum.

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#585|587.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} hic ‘deinde’ significat: et est polysemus sermo. {{sc|'''ipse agmine pallas in medio'''}} hic enim mos fuit, ut tirones ponerentur in medio, ambirent viri fortes exercitum. aut certe honoris est medium locum in exercitu tenere, ut ipse alibi “medio dux agmine Turnus”.

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#585|588.]]}} {{sc|'''conspectvs'''}} conspicuus, conspicabilis, nam pro nomine participium posuit. sic est “et versis Arcades armis”.

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#585|589.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis oceani'''}} Homericum est.

{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''ante alios astrorvm diligit ignes'''}} Venus in caelo habet unam propriam stellam, quae oriens luciferum, occidens vesperum facit: inde Statius “et alterno deprenditur unus in ortu”. habet etiam duas alias, unam in signo tauri et unam in septentrione, unde etiam taurus domus esse dicitur Veneris: ideo dixit ‘quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignis’.

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#590|591.]]}} {{sc|'''sacrvm'''}} venerabile. {{sc|'''tenebras'''}} autem {{sc|'''resolvit'''}} propter iubar, quod sola possidens aliquod efficit lumen.

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#590|592.]]}} {{sc|'''ocvlisqve seqvvntvr'''}} mira brevitate hoc explicuit, id est quam longissime possunt prospiciunt.

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#590|593.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlveream nvbem'''}} hysteroproteron.

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#590|594.]]}} {{sc|'''qva proxima meta viarvm'''}} qua proximus circuitus est.

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine facto'''}} agmen est proprie exercitus ambulans: quicquid fuerit aliud abusive dicitur.

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#595|597.]]}} {{sc|'''prope caeritis amnem'''}} Agylla civitas est Tusciae, a conditore Agella appellata, cui ex inscitia Romana aliud est inditum nomen. nam cum Romani euntes per Tusciam interrogarent Agyllinos quae diceretur civitas, illi, utpote Graeci, quid audirent ignorantes et optimum ducentes si prius eos salutarent, dixerunt khaire: quam salutationem Romani nomen civitatis esse putaverunt, et detracta aspiratione eam Caere nominarunt, ut dicit Hyginus in urbibus Italicis. ‘amnis’ autem aut tacuit nomen, aut, ut quidam volunt, Minio dicitur, ut “qui Caerete domo qui sunt Minionis in arvis”. alii Caere montem putabant, ab hoc oppidum dictum.

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#595|598.]]}} {{sc|'''late sacer'''}} hoc est non solum colebatur a civibus, sed etiam ab accolis. {{sc|'''vndiqve'''}} deest ‘quem’, vel ‘eum’.

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#595|599.]]}} {{sc|'''nigra'''}} umbrosa, more suo.

{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''veteres sacrasse pelasgos'''}} de his varia est opinio; nam alii eos ab Atheniensibus, alii a Laconibus, alii a Thessalis dicunt originem ducere, quod est propensius: nam multas in Thessalia Pelasgorum constat esse civitates. hi primi Italiam tenuisse perhibentur. Philochorus ait ideo nominatos Pelasgos, quod velis et verno tempore advenire visi sunt, ut aves. Hyginus dicit Pelasgos esse qui Tyrrheni sunt: hoc etiam Varro commemorat.

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#600|601.]]}} {{sc|'''arvorvm pecorisqve deo'''}} publica caerimoniarum opinio hoc habet, pecorum et agrorum deum esse Silvanum. prudentiores tamen dicunt, esse eum hulikon theon, hoc est deum hules. hule autem est faex omnium elementorum, id est ignis sordidior et aer, item aqua et terra sordidior, unde cuncta procreantur: quam hulen Latini materiam appellaverunt; nec incongrue, cum materiae silvarum sint. ergo quod Graeci a toto, hoc Latini a parte dixerunt. {{sc|'''lvcvmqve diemqve'''}} hoc a Romanis traxit, apud quos nihil fuit tam sollemne quam dies consecrationis: hinc est illud “nostrosque huius meminisse minores”. ecce et hic luco et numen et consecrationem dedit.

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#600|603.]]}} {{sc|'''tarcho et tyrrheni'''}} Tarcho, sic legitur, et Latinus nominativus est de Graeco veniens, ab eo quod est Tarchon, perdito ‘n’ et ‘o’ in ‘o’ mutata, ut Apollo Apollon: aliter versus non stat. {{sc|'''tvta tenebant castra locis'''}} hoc est et industria et natura munitissima. sed novimus castra per naturam munita esse non posse, nisi in collibus fuerint: quod si in montibus sunt, quomodo procedit ‘latis tendebat in arvis'? ne sit ergo contrarium, intellegamus quod hodieque videmus et legimus, hanc collium fuisse naturam, ut planities esset in summo, in qua inerant castra Tarchonis. quamquam multi velint ‘celsoque omnis de colle videri iam poterat legio’ ad Aenean referre, ut intellegamus venientes in collibus fuisse Troianos, castra vero Etrusca in campis. quod si velimus accipere, quemadmodum procedit ‘tuta tenebant castra locis'? tuta, id est per naturam locorum.

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#600|604.]]}} {{sc|'''de colle videri'''}} incertum, utrum ipsa in colle agens, an ab his qui de colle prospiciunt.

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''tendebat in arvis'''}} ut “hic saevus tendebat Achilles”, hoc est tentoria habebat.

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#605|606.]]}} {{sc|'''et bello lecta'''}} quia ait supra ‘qui sese in bella sequantur, praestantes virtute legit’: aut ‘lecta’ proprie, quia dilectus militum est.

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#605|607.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvos et corpora cvrant'''}} ingenti arte quod sequebatur omisit, redditurus in decimo: namque si vellet dicere venisse Aenean, vidisse Tarchonem, petisse auxilia, satis longum fuerat et peribat illud quod ait supra “toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes”, cum Etruscorum festinationi dicentis brevitas congruat. verum hoc quod in isto loco praetermisit, reddit in decimo dicens “namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis, regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque”.

{{ancora+|608|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#605|608.]]}} {{sc|'''aetherios nimbos'''}} per aerem numinum, scilicet purgatiorem, qui circa deos est.

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#605|609.]]}} {{sc|'''redvcta'''}} secreta.

{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''egelido secretvm flvmine vidit'''}} ‘egelido’, id est nimium gelido: et est una pars orationis, ut “eduramque pirum”, id est valde duram. et sic dixit ‘secretum flumine egelido’, hoc est praesidio fluminis, ut dicimus ‘secretus est monte’ vel silvis. latenter autem ostendit, Aenean non nisi flumine ablutum, numen videre potuisse.

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#610|611.]]}} {{sc|'''obtvlit vltro'''}} id est “deam confessa”, ut in secundo dixit. est autem hysteroproteron, et est ordo ‘obtulit se et locuta est’.

{{ancora+|612|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#610|612.]]}} {{sc|'''promissa'''}} kata to siopomenon, ut supra “hoc signum cecinit missuram diva creatrix”.

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#610|613.]]}} {{sc|'''lavrentes svperbos'''}} ut “quos illi bello profugos egere superbo”.

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#610|614.]]}} {{sc|'''acrem tvrnvm'''}} fortem. et proprie apud nos acer est qui apud Graecos deinos dicitur: nam fortem et vehementem et asperum et amarum potest significare. {{sc|'''poscere'''}} provocare, Cicero “poscunt maioribus poculis”, id est provocant.

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#615|617.]]}} {{sc|'''deae donis'''}} propter arma. {{sc|'''tanto laetvs honore'''}} munere divae: quod manifestam viderat matrem et plenam numinis sui.

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#615|619.]]}} {{sc|'''interqve manvs et bracchia versat'''}} iungendum est, ut intellegas Aenean manibus minora, bracchiis maiora arma considerasse, ut puta loricam et scutum: haec enim sunt arma maiora: minora vero galeam gladium ocreas. {{sc|'''versat'''}} considerat, ut “huc illuc vinclorum inmensa volumina versat”.

{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#620|621.]]}} {{sc|'''fatifervmqve ensem'''}} fatum saepe pro morte positum legitur, ‘fatiferum’ ergo letiferum. RIGENTEM, SANGUINEAM, {{sc|'''ingentem'''}} distinguendum propter plura epitheta. ‘sanguineam’ autem velut cruentam, terribilem.

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#620|623.]]}} {{sc|'''solis inardescit radiis'''}} Irin physica ratione describit, quae fit cum aquosam nubem solis ardor inradiat. nec est incongrua haec comparatio, cum lorica de diversis metallis fieri plerumque consueverit.

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#620|624.]]}} {{sc|'''leves ocreas'''}} id est nitida tibialia. {{sc|'''recocto'''}} saepe purgato, quia quanto plus coquitur, melius fit: ergo ad qualitatem et ad commendationem refertur.

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''non enarrabile textvm'''}} bene ‘non enarrabile’: cum enim in clipeo omnem Romanam historiam velit esse descriptam dicendo ‘illic genus omne futurae stirpis a Ascanio pugnataque in ordine bella’, carptim tamen pauca commemorat, sicut in primo ait “videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas”, nec tamen universa descripsit. sane interest inter hunc et Homeri clipeum: illic enim singula dum fiunt narrantur, hic vero pro perfecto opere noscuntur: nam et hic arma prius accipit Aeneas quam spectaret, ibi postquam omnia narrata sunt, sic a Thetide deferuntur ad Achillem. oportune ergo fecit Vergilius, quia non videtur simul et narrationis celeritas potuisse conecti et opus tam velociter expediri, ut ad verbum posset occurrere.

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#625|627.]]}} {{sc|'''havd vatvm ignarvs'''}} litotes figura, id est futurorum non inscius. et quibusdam videtur, hunc versum omitti potuisse. {{sc|'''ventvriqve inscivs aevi'''}} non ‘aevi’, sed quae in aevo erant futura.

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#625|629.]]}} {{sc|'''stirpis ab ascanio'''}} usque ad Augustum Caesarem. {{sc|'''pvgnataqve in ordine bella'''}} et hic subaudiri potest ‘ab Ascanio’; et bella Albanorum, †quae a Romanorum in clipeo dicit.

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''mavortis in antro'''}} potest accipi et ‘fecerat lupam Mavortis’ et ‘Mavortis in antro’. Fabius “spelunca Martis” dixit. dicendo autem ‘et’ ostendit multa alia fuisse depicta. est autem elegans figura ‘fecerat procubuisse’. sane laus est operis, ut talis videretur. ‘fetam’ vero quae peperit et nutrire potuisset.

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#630|631.]]}} {{sc|'''procvbvisse'''}} id est prima parte se inclinasse, quod Graeci prokuptein dicunt, ut inclinatione corporis ubera praeberet infantibus: nam si ‘procubuisse’ iacuisse accipias, contrarium est quod dicit ‘ludere pendentes pueros’. quod si ‘procubuisse’ ut “cum fetu concolor albo procubuit” accipiamus, intellegere debemus ‘pendentes’ desiderio alimoniae suspensos vel intentos, ut “pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore”. alii ‘pendentes’ cessantes, ut “pendent opera interrupta”. sciendum tamen, voluisse eum gestum proprie exprimere, quem in ipsius lupae cernimus statuis. {{sc|'''geminos hvic'''}} re vera geminos modo, alias similes. sane totus hic locus Ennianus est.

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#630|632.]]}} {{sc|'''lvdere'''}} moveri: Terentius “congrum istum maximum paulisper in aqua sinito ludere”. {{sc|'''matrem'''}} quasi matrem, cuius adfectum pueris exhibebat. sane veteres etiam nutrices matres vocabant, ut ait Plautus in Menaechmis “et mater non possit dignoscere, quae mammam dabat” (Men. 19-21).

{{ancora+|633|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#630|633.]]}} {{sc|'''tereti cervice'''}} rotunda, cum longitudine, ut “incumbens tereti Damon sic coepit olivae”.

{{ancora+|634|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#630|634.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlcere alternos'''}} non quod in pictura erat dicit, sed id quod intellegimus factum fuisse, ut “ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros”. {{sc|'''corpora fingere lingva'''}} id est tergere: Cicero in Sestiana “spongiis sanguis effingebatur”, id est tergebatur. fingere tamen et formare aliquid et ad integram faciem arte producere significat; inde fictores dicuntur qui imagines vel signa ex aere vel cera faciunt.

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc romam'''}} congrue, iuxta proprios conditores. {{sc|'''raptas sine more sabinas'''}} raptas spectaculo sine ullo exemplo, aut sine ullo bono more: vel ‘raptas’ stupratas, id est per vim. historia autem talis est. Romulus cum turbam civium non haberet, asylum condidit, ad quem locum si quis confugisset, eum exinde non liceret auferri. hic cum videret virorum multitudinem sine conubiis posse deperire, a vicinis civitatibus matrimonia postulavit, sed ab eis contemptus celetes se Neptuno, equestri deo, qui et Consus dicitur, editurum proposuit. ad quos celetes cum de vicinis civitatibus maxima multitudo cum omnibus feminis convenisset, Romulus eas signo dato rapi de spectaculo fecit: ob quam rem a Sabinis bellum ei indictum est. in quo cum iam capto a Sabinis Capitolio in foro Romano pugnaretur et eius milites fugerent, Iovi Statori templum se facturum esse promisit, si eius stetisset exercitus. quo voto restituta pugna cum anceps esset, intervenientibus mulieribus Sabinorum, quae iam Romanis nuptae erant, pugna sedata est et icto foedere Tatius rex Sabinorum in partem urbis acceptus est: unde Romani a Curibus Quirites appellati sunt.

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#635|636.]]}} {{sc|'''consessv caveae'''}} cavea est ubi populus spectat. vallis autem ipsa ubi circenses editi sunt, ideo Murcia dicta est, quia quidam vicinum montem Murcum appellatum volunt; alii, quod fanum Veneris Verticordiae ibi fuerit, circa quod nemus e murtetis fuisset, inmutata littera Murciam appellatam; alii Murciam a Murcido, quod est marcidum, dictam volunt; pars a dea Murcia, quae cum ibi Bacchanalia essent, furorem sacri ipsius murcidum faceret. {{sc|'''magnis circensibvs actis'''}} ‘magnis’ quantum ad paupertatem pristinam pertinet: nam legimus propter equorum inopiam diversis eos tunc usos animalibus. raptae autem sunt Sabinae Consualibus, hoc est mense Martio. Consus autem deus est consiliorum, qui ideo templum sub circo habet, ut ostendatur tectum esse debere consilium: inde est quod et Fidei panno velata manu sacrificabatur, quia fides tecta esse debet et velata. ideo autem dicato Consi simulacro rapuerunt Sabinas, ut tegeretur initum de rapto consilium. iste Consus et eques Neptunus dicitur, unde etiam in eius honorem circenses celebrantur. errant ergo qui dicunt ‘magnis circensibus’ aut Megalesiacis, aut Romanis, quos constat fieri ante KAL. IAN. ‘actis’ autem cum agerentur, quia non erat praesens a passivo participium, ut “et qua vectus Abas”. {{sc|'''circensibvs'''}} circenses dicti vel a circuitu, vel quod ubi nunc metae sunt, olim gladii ponebantur, quos circumibant. dicti autem circenses ab ensibus, circa quos currebant. sane notandum positos circenses sine adiectione ludorum, cum ita dicamus ludos theatrales, ludos gladiatorios, ludos circenses.

{{ancora+|638|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#635|638.]]}} {{sc|'''romvlidis'''}} hic dativus pluralis venit ab eo, quod est ‘hic Romulida’. {{sc|'''cvribvsqve severis'''}} mire et merito dixit ‘severis’: cum enim filias perdiderint Caeninenses, Antemnates, Crustumini et Sabini, ceteris quiescentibus Sabini soli bella sumpserunt. intervenientibus postea triginta feminis, iam enixis, de illis quae raptae erant, pax facta est: ex quarum nominibus curiae appellatae sunt. in communem etiam mulierum honorem kalendae eis dicatae sunt Martiae: Horatius “Martiis caelebs quid agam kalendis?” Iuvenalis “munera femineis tractat secreta kalendis”. nec enim aliter congruit Martias kalendas esse feminarum, nisi quia, ut diximus, feminae bella sedarunt. sane sciendum omnes virgines raptas excepta Hersilia, quam sublatam a marito sibi Romulus fecit uxorem. aut ‘severis’ disciplina: aut rem hoc verbo reconditam dixit, quia Sabini a Lacedaemoniis originem ducunt, ut Hyginus ait de origine urbium Italicarum, a Sabo, qui de Perside Lacedaemonios transiens ad Italiam venit et expulsis Siculis tenuit loca quae Sabini habent: nam et partem Persarum nomine Caspiros appellare coepisse, qui post corrupte Casperuli dicti sunt. Cato autem et Gellius a Sabo Lacedaemonio trahere eos originem referunt. porro Lacedaemonios durissimos fuisse omnis lectio docet. Sabinorum etiam mores populum Romanum secutum idem Cato dicit: merito ergo ‘severis’, qui et a duris parentibus orti sunt, et quorum disciplinam victores Romani in multis secuti sunt.

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#635|639.]]}} {{sc|'''posito certamine'''}} finito, ut “ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo”.

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''iovis ante aram'''}} ante templum Iovis Statoris, quod fecerat Romulus, postquam orans elatis armis meruit ne suus exercitus fugeret.

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#640|641.]]}} {{sc|'''ivngebant foedera porca'''}} foedera, ut diximus supra, dicta sunt a porca foede et crudeliter occisa; nam cum ante gladiis configeretur, a fetialibus inventum ut silice feriretur ea causa, quod antiqui Iovis signum lapidem silicem putaverunt esse. Cicero foedera a fide putat dicta. sed huius porcae mors optabatur ei, qui a pace resilisset. falso autem ait ‘porca’: nam ad hoc genus sacrificii porcus adhibebatur. ergo aut usurpavit genus pro genere, ut “timidi venient ad pocula dammae”, cum has dammas dicamus, item supra ‘lupam’, cum artis sit ‘hic’ et ‘haec lupus’: aut certe illud ostendit, quia in omnibus sacris feminini generis plus valent victimae. denique si per marem litare non possent, succidanea dabatur femina; si autem per feminam non litassent, succidanea adhiberi non poterat. quidam ‘porcam’ euphoniae gratia dictam volunt. huius autem facti in sacra via signa stant, Romulus a parte Palatii, Tatius venientibus a rostris.

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#640|642.]]}} {{sc|'''citae mettvm in diversa qvadrigae'''}} Donatus hoc loco contra metrum sentit, dicens ‘citae’ divisae, ut est in iure ‘ercto non cito’, id est patrimonio vel haereditate non divisa; nam ‘citus’ cum divisus significat, ‘ci’ longa est. ergo ‘citae’ veloces intellegamus. quem autem dicit Vergilius Mettum Mettius Fufetius dictus est, quod nomen mutilavit causa metri. novimus autem nominum vel mutationem vel mutilationem concessam poetis: sic pro Polluce Castorem, pro Cytheride Lycoridem posuit, ut “sed quae legat ipsa Lycoris”. hic autem Mettius Fufetius cum apud Albanos summam rerum teneret, a Romanis in auxilium contra Fidenates vocatus, iure societatis venit quidem, sed in ipso proelio ad hostes defecit. quod cernens Tullus Hostilius ait voce maxima militibus suis, ita ut etiam hostis audiret ‘ne trepidetis: meo consilio factum est, ut factiose Mettius Fufetius ad hostes transiret’: quo consilio et suis paene iam amissas reddidit vires et effecit ne hostes crederent Mettio. quem post victoriam captum Tullus Hostilius religavit ad binas quadrigas, ita ut ab unis quadrigis traherentur manus, pedes vero ab alteris: quibus agitatis velociter eum crudeli morte discerpsit. videns itaque poeta Romano nomini incongruam esse vindictam, culpam in criminis retorquet auctorem, dicens ex sua persona ad ipsum Mettium ‘at tu dictis Albane maneres’. ideo etiam ‘mendacis’ infert, ut tacitae quaestioni et invidiae crudelitatis occurrat. sane constat post victoriam de Albanis Romanorum, quam per conditionem Horatiorum et Curiatiorum adepti sunt, hoc factum esse quod hoc loco poeta narravit: nam quemadmodum Mettius vel ad auxilium facile nisi iussus venisset? vel post cognitam fraudem acciri tam facile potuisset, nisi tamquam subiectus congratulatum victoriam ad Tullum Hostilium venisset?

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#645|646.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non tarqvinivm eiectvm porsenna ivbebat'''}} Tarquinius Superbus habuit perditos filios, inter quos Arruntem. qui dum in castris esset, patre suo Ardeam obsidente, et ortus esset inter eum et Collatinum, maritum Lucretiae, de uxoribus sermo, eo usque processit contentio, ut ad probandos earum mores arreptis equis statim domos suas simul proficiscerentur. ingressi itaque civitatem Collatiam, ubi fuit Lucretiae domus, invenerunt eam lanificio operam dantem et tristem propter mariti absentiam. inde ad Arruntis domum profecti cum uxorem eius invenissent cantilenis et saltationibus indulgentem, reversi ad castra sunt. quod Arruns dolens cum de expugnanda Lucretiae castitate cogitaret, mariti eius nomine epistulam finxit et dedit Lucretiae, in qua hoc continebatur, ut Arruns susciperetur hospitio. quo facto per noctem stricto gladio eius ingressus cubiculum cum Aethiope, hac arte egit ut secum coiret, dicens ‘nisi mecum concubueris, Aethiopem tecum interimo, tamquam in adulterio deprehenderim’. timens itaque Lucretia ne castitatis amore famam deperderet, quippe quam sine purgatione futuram esse cernebat, invita turpibus imperiis paruit. et altero die convocatis propinquis, marito Collatino, patre Tricipitino, Bruto avunculo, qui tribunus equitum celerum fuerat, rem indicans, petiit ne violatus pudor, neve inultus eius esset interitus, et coniecto gladio se interemit. quem Brutus de eius corpore extractum tenens processit ad populum, et multa conquestus de Tarquinii superbia et filiorum eius turpitudine, egit ne in urbem reciperentur, auctoritate qua plurimum poterat: nam ut diximus, Brutus tribunus equitum fuerat. sed cum non susciperetur Tarquinius contulit se ad Porsennam, regem Tusciae. qui pro Tarquinio cum ingentibus copiis capto Ianiculo et illic castris positis, Romam vehementer obsedit. et cum per sublicium pontem, hoc est ligneum, qui modo lapideus dicitur, transire conaretur, solus Cocles hostilem impetum sustinuit, donec a tergo pons solveretur a sociis: quo soluto se cum armis praecipitavit in Tiberim, et licet laesus esset in coxa, tamen eius fluenta superavit: unde est illud ab eo dictum, cum ei in comitiis coxae vitium obiceretur ‘per singulos gradus admoneor triumphi mei’. in tantam autem obsidionis necessitatem populus venerat, ut etiam obsides daret. ex quibus Cloelia inventa occasione transnatavit fluvium et Romam reversa est, redditaque rursus est, pacis lege eam Porsenna repetente. qui admiratus virtutem puellae dedit ei optionem, ut cum quibus vellet rediret. illa elegit virgines, quae iniuriae poterant esse obnoxiae, unde Porsenna hoc quoque miratus concessit, et rogavit per litteras populum Romanum, ut ei aliquid virile decerneretur: cui data est statua equestris, quam in sacra via hodieque conspicimus. {{sc|'''eiectvm'''}} facile poterat suscipi et occidi. sed ideo non est susceptus, quia occidi non poterat religione impediente: rex enim etiam sacrorum fuerat. unde postea alii facti sunt consules, alii reges sacrorum. {{sc|'''porsenna'''}} unum ‘n’ addidit metri causa: unde et paenultimae datus accentus est: nam Porsena dictus est: Martialis “hanc spectare manum Porsena non potuit”.

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#645|648.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} satis longe petitum epitheton. et potest hoc loco historia de Mucio accipi.

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#645|649.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} Coclitem scilicet. et modo ‘Cocles’ in hoc homine, de quo dicit, proprium est nomen, in aliis appellativum, nam luscos ‘coclites’ dixerunt antiqui: unde et Cyclopas ‘coclites’ legimus dictos, quod unum oculum habuisse perhibentur: quasi stroggulopas a rotunditate.

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#650|651.]]}} {{sc|'''vinclis innaret cloelia rvptis'''}} atqui obsides non ligantur; sed vincla pro custodiis accipiamus, aut certe pro foederibus: aut certe ‘ruptis vinclis pontis’, id est ponte resoluto.

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#650|652.]]}} {{sc|'''in svmmo cvstos tarpeiae manlivs arcis'''}} in summa clipei parte; nam postea ait ‘in medio classes aeratas’. et bona ratione utitur in pictura apta unicuique rei loca distribuens. ideo enim in summa clipei parte dicit factum esse Capitolium, quia hoc arcem urbis esse manifestum est. haec historia autem talis est: Brenno duce Senones Galli venerunt ad urbem et circa Alliam fluvium occurrentem sibi deleverunt exercitum omnem populi Romani. aliaque die cum vellent ingredi civitatem, primo cunctati sunt timentes insidias, quia et patentes portas et nullum in muris videbant. postea paulatim ingressi cuncta vastarunt octo integris mensibus, adeo ut quae incendere non poterant, militari manu diruerent, solo remanente Capitolio, ad quod cum utensilibus reliqui confugerant cives: qui tamen a Gallis obsidebantur etiam id penetrare cupientibus, quos alii per dumeta et saxa aspera, alii per cuniculos dicunt conatos ascendere. tunc Manlius, custos Capitolii, Gallos detrusit ex arce, clangore anseris excitatus, quem privatus quidam dono Iunoni dederat: namque secundum Plinium nullum animal ita odorem hominis sentit. qua causa postea eo die quo hoc factum est, canes qui tunc dormientes non senserant, cruci suffigebantur, anseres auro et purpura exornati in lecticis gestabantur. sane hic Manlius post defensum Capitolium pro praemio singulis libris farris ob virtutem a populo donatus est. in tantam autem cibi penuriam redacti erant in obsidione, ut coriis madefactis et postea frictis vescerentur: cuius rei argumentum est quod hodieque ara in Capitolio est Iovis Tutoris, in qua liberati obsidione coria et sola vetera concremaverunt. hic tamen Manlius, postmodum adductus in suspitionem regni appetiti vel inimicorum oppressus factione, a populo damnatus est.

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#650|653.]]}} {{sc|'''pro templo'''}} pro defensione templi, hoc est ‘in templo’; nam ‘ante templum’ non procedit, cum obsessus intra templum esset. sic in nono “ipsi intus dextra ac laeva pro turribus adstant”, Terentius “nam ni haec ita essent, pro illo haud stares Phaedria”. {{sc|'''tenebat'''}} defendebat: et est militare verbum, ut etiam Sallustius dicit. unde e contra victos ‘loco motos’ dicimus: Cicero “loco ille motus est”.

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#650|654.]]}} {{sc|'''horrebat regia cvlmo'''}} Curiam Calabram dicit, quam Romulus texerat culmis. ideo autem ‘Calabra’, quod cum incertae essent kalendae aut idus, a Romulo constitutum est, ut ibi patres vel populus calarentur, id est vocarentur, et scirent, qua die kalendae essent vel etiam idus. a rege sacrificulo idem fiebat ut, quoniam adhuc fasti non erant, ludorum et sacrificiorum praenoscerent dies.

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve hic'''}} ‘hic’, in Capitolio scilicet. et satis prudenter argenteum anserem dixit: nam quasi et epitheton est coloris et significavit rem veram. nam in Capitolio in honorem illius anseris, qui Gallorum nuntiarat adventum, positus fuerat anser argenteus. {{sc|'''avratis porticibvs'''}} hoc ad tempus retulit florentis Romanae reipublicae: nam illo loco ubi dixit ‘horrebat regia culmo’, ideo addidit ‘Romuleo’, ut incipientis et pauperis adhuc imperii tempora designaret.

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#655|656.]]}} {{sc|'''gallos'''}} Senones, qui Senones dicti sunt, quod Liberum patrem hospitio recepissent. {{sc|'''canebat'''}} quasi praedivinabat: nam ‘canere’ et icere et divinare significat.

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#655|657.]]}} {{sc|'''arcemqve tenebant'''}} deest ‘paene’: nam prope tenuerunt.

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#655|658.]]}} {{sc|'''defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae'''}} multi iterationem volunt, alii dicunt ‘tenebris’ propter cuniculos, ‘dono noctis’ somno Manlii; nam somnus noctis est donum.

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#655|659.]]}} {{sc|'''caesaries'''}} coma, ab eo quod caedi potest. {{sc|'''avrea vestis'''}} hoc est barba: unde contra investes dicimus inberbes: unde est “tunc mihi prima genas vestibat flore iuventas”.

{{ancora+|660|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#660|660.]]}} {{sc|'''virgatis lvcent sagvlis'''}} quae habebant in virgarum modum deductas vias. et bene adlusit ad Gallicam linguam, per quam virga purpura dicitur. ‘virgatis’ ergo, ac si diceret virga tinctis, id est purpuratis. {{sc|'''gaesa'''}} hastas viriles: nam etiam viros fortes Galli gaesos vocant.

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#660|662.]]}} {{sc|'''scvtis longis'''}} per hoc corporum ostenditur magnitudo, ut supra “stabant ter centum nitidi in praesepibus altis”, per quod equorum magnitudinem expressit.

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#660|663.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} in eodem scuto. et congrue sacerdotes statim post templa commemorat. {{sc|'''salios'''}} qui sunt in tutela Iovis, Martis, Quirini. dicti Salii ideo quod circa aras saliunt et tripudiant. alii a Salio, Aeneae comite, dictos volunt. {{sc|'''nvdosqve lvpercos'''}} cum in honorem Panos Lupercaliorum sollemnitas celebraretur, pecora Romanorum subito a latronibus rapta sunt. illi proiectis vestibus persecuti sunt latrones: quibus oppressis et receptis animalibus, propter rem a nudis prospere gestam consuetudo permansit ut nudi Lupercalia celebrarent.

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#660|664.]]}} {{sc|'''lanigerosqve apices'''}} flamines in capite habebant pilleum, in quo erat brevis virga desuper habens lanae aliquid. quod cum per aestus ferre non possent, filo tantum capita religare coeperunt; nam nudis penitus eos capitibus incedere nefas fuerat: unde a filo quo utebantur, flamines dicti sunt, quasi filamines. verum festis diebus filo deposito pillea necesse erat accipere, quae secundum alios ad ostendendam sacerdotii eminentiam sunt reperta, sicut columnae mortuis nobilibus superponuntur ad ostendendum eorum columen. alii dicunt non propter eminentiam dignitatis hoc factum, sed quia cum sacrificarent apud Laurolavinium et eis exta frequenter aves de vicinis venientes lucis abriperent, eminentia virgarum eas terrere voluerunt. exinde etiam consuetudo permansit, ut apud Laurolavinium ingentes haberentur virgae, non breves ut in urbe. {{sc|'''lapsa ancilia caelo'''}} regnante Numa Pompilio scutum breve et rotundum caelo lapsum est. et cum aruspices respondissent illic fore orbis imperium, ubi illud fuisset, diligentia Numae, ne quandoque ab hostibus posset auferri, adhibito Mamurio fabro multa similia facta sunt et in templo Martis locata. quod autem dicit ancilia, plurali utitur numero pro singulari: nam unum lapsum est. ancile autem dicitur aut quasi undique circumcisum, aut quasi amphikheilon, id est undique labrum habens.

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''extvderat'''}} studiose fecerat. {{sc|'''dvcebant'''}} deducebant: haec enim fuerat consuetudo.

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#665|666.]]}} {{sc|'''pilentis matres in mollibvs'''}} pilenta sunt vehicula, sicut nunc basternas videmus. erant autem tunc veneti coloris, non ut nunc sunt, russati, quibus nisi castae non utebantur. ‘mollibus’ autem pensilibus, ut “molle feretrum” et “oscilla mollia”: ut contra ‘plumas pensiles’ dicimus et molles significamus. aut ‘mollibus’ molliter stratis: quidam pilenta †laeta occisia sed vulgo dicta tradunt. {{sc|'''hinc procvl'''}} bene longe a templis inferos facit. et bene Tartareas sedes, ut nihil praetermissum videretur.

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#665|668.]]}} {{sc|'''scelervm poenas'''}} pro ‘sceleratorum’. et bene ait ‘scelerum poenas’; in crimina enim personae incidunt, non ipsarum sunt proprie crimina: unde et sceleribus sunt statuta supplicia, quae in se incidentes homines obnoxios faciunt. {{sc|'''et te catilina minaci pendentem scopvlo'''}} hoc quasi in Ciceronis gratiam dictum videtur.

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''secretosqve pios'''}} aut in secreto morantes; aut participialiter, ab illis secretos. {{sc|'''his dantem ivra catonem'''}} ut supra diximus, Censorium significat, non Uticensem, qui contra Caesarem bella suscepit. quomodo enim piis iura redderet, qui in se impius fuit? et supergressus est hoc loco Homeri dispositionem, siquidem ille Minoem, Rhadamanthyn, Aeacum de impiis iudicare dicit, hic Romanum ducem innocentibus dare iura commemorat.

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#670|671.]]}} {{sc|'''haec inter'''}} bene inter inferos et superos mare factum dicit, quod, ut supra diximus, nos ab antipodis dividit, qui inferi sunt nostri comparatione.

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#670|672.]]}} {{sc|'''imago avrea'''}} non est contrarium quod et caerulam et auream et argenteam maris esse dicit imaginem, quam scimus pro ventorum qualitate mutari et colores varios reddere: quod expressum in scuto fuisse significat. {{sc|'''ibat'''}} autem quidam pro ‘erat’ accipiunt, ut “ast ego quae divum incedo regina”. sane ubique propositum est poetae Augusti gloriam praedicare; itaque maiorem partem operis in hoc clipeo Augusto adsignat. {{sc|'''caervla'''}} id est maria. {{sc|'''flvctv cano'''}} omnis enim spuma alba est.

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#670|673.]]}} {{sc|'''in orbem'''}} in circuitu.

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#670|674.]]}} {{sc|'''aestvmqve secabant'''}} naturalem rem ostendit: nam semper mare turbatur, quando delphini apparuerint.

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''in medio'''}} utrum clipeo an mari?

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#675|676.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere erat'''}} Graeca figura est.

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#675|677.]]}} {{sc|'''fervere'''}} ab eo quod est ‘fervo’ facit: nam ab eo, quod est ‘ferveo’ ‘fervere’ facit ‘ve’ producta: sic ‘effulgere’. alii dicunt antique per tertiam coniugationem correpta media syllaba positum, ut “lavit ater corpora sanguis” pro ‘lavat’; de eo in tertio georgicorum in ipso loco plenius dictum est. {{sc|'''levcaten'''}} in promontorio Epiri est mons Leucata: quod quia saxa nuda in cacumine habuit, ex horum candore Leucates appellatus est. {{sc|'''avroqve effvlgere flvctvs'''}} non quod hic ex auro fluctus esse dicat, quos supra canos dixit, sed cum mare ex auro expressum sit, fluctus per aurum effulgent.

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#675|678.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc avgvstvs agens italos'''}} cum de statu reipublicae esset longa contentio inter Augustum, Antonium et Lepidum, placuit ut totum Orientem teneret Antonius, Augustus Gallias et Hispanias cum Italia, Lepidus Africam Siciliam Sardiniam. ad causam maioris fidei Antonius sororem Augusti duxit uxorem. profecti itaque sunt in provincias suas. sed Antonius in Aegypto captus est amore Cleopatrae, non usque quaque adeo, ut ea dimissa contra Parthos proficisceretur. quibus victis dum Cleopatrae cupiditate festinat, exercitum omnem frigore in Armenia perdidit, ipse tamen animalium cadaveribus pastus cum paucis ad Aegyptum est reversus. ubi ei coepit suadere Cleopatra ut se sortiretur uxorem, derelicta sorore Augusti. quo facto Augustus vehementer accensus contra eum coepit bella moliri. Antonius re comperta, collectis Orientis viribus, prior cum uxore Cleopatra venit ad bellum. conflictum est navali certamine circa Actium Epiri promunturium: ubi victi sunt Antonius et Cleopatra et in fugam coacti. postea occiso Antonio illa sibi serpentes adhibuit. sed quia belli civilis triumphus turpis videtur, laborat poeta ut probet iustum bellum fuisse, dicens Augustum esse ‘cum patribus populoque penatibus et magnis dis’, contra cum Antonio auxilia peregrina et monstruosa Aegypti numina. et re vera in exercitu Antonii omnes barbari fuerunt: quod et Vergilius dicit ‘Aegyptum viresque Orientis atque ultima secum Bactra vehit’. unde etiam de hoc bello egit triumphum: nec enim civile putatum est, quod tantummodo Romano duce gestum est, qui et ipse barbarae serviebat uxori, adeo ut praetoria ei castra concederet, quorum qui potiebatur imperio, ipse vocabat exercitum: unde est illo loco de Cleopatra ‘patrio vocat agmina sistro’: nam Antonius consulare sibi tantum detinuit imperium, in quo sola est potestas iubendi. ille enim ducit exercitum qui habet in potestate castra praetoria.

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#675|679.]]}} {{sc|'''penatibvs et magnis dis'''}} alii unum volunt esse, alii separant, ut magnos deos accipias Iovem Minervam Mercurium, quos Aeneas de Samothracia sustulit.

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''tempora flammas laeta vomvnt'''}} naturaliter enim Augustus igneos oculos habuisse dicitur, adeo ut obtutum eius nemo contra aspectare posset, denique quidam eques Romanus, interrogatus ab eo, cur se viso verteret faciem, dixerit ‘quia fulmen oculorum tuorum ferre non possum’, sicut ait Suetonius.

{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#680|681.]]}} {{sc|'''aperitvr vertice sidvs'''}} apparet sidus in vertice, hoc est super galeam. nam ex quo tempore per diem stella visa est, dum sacrificaretur Veneri Genetrici et ludi funebres Caesari exhiberentur, per triduum stella apparuit in septentrione. quod sidus Caesaris putatum est Augusto persuadente: nam ideo Augustus omnibus statuis, quas divinitati Caesaris statuit, hanc stellam adiecit. ipse vero Augustus in honorem patris stellam in galea coepit habere depictam. honorifice autem poeta unam stellam ‘sidus’ dixit, cum sidus ex multis stellis constet.

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#680|682.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia'''}} non e contra, sed in alia parte aciei. {{sc|'''ventis et dis agrippa secvndis'''}} Agrippa dicitur ab aegro partu, id est qui pedibus nascitur. sed hic Agrippa non adeo claro genere ortus, viribus et societate Augusti ad summos honores pervenit: nam et tribunus plebi quietissimus fuit, et post tertium consul, et in multis bellis cum Augusto gestis victoriam Augusto sua virtute confecit: nam et Sextum Pompeium apud Mylas ipse devicit, et apud Actium Antonium et Cleopatram navali certamine prope ipse superavit: ob quod meruit etiam gener esse Augusto. ‘secundis’ ergo dixit Augusti comparatione: nam hoc dicit: Augustus nimio ventorum et numinum utebatur favore, Agrippa sequenti, hoc est, ille habuit primum favorem, hic secundum. Hadrianus scribit Agrippam solitum tempestate orta milites cogere naves in fluctus urgere, ut consuetudine discriminis dempto metu redderet eos adversum pericula fortiores: ergo pros antidiastolen saevi maris, quod exercitationi militibus erat, ait ‘diis et ventis secundis’ esse pugnatum, ut tempestatem quidem Agrippa non timuerit, sed favor divinus maria constraverit. nam et ipsa Actiaca pugna cum aquilo ei esset adversus, eo exercitio, quo milites adsueverat adversum fluctus naves agere, ad portum se fugere finxisse: qua re cum hostes decepti insequi conati essent, conversis subito navigiis suis Alexandrinas naves incurrisse et telis ac flammis in eas missis, refragante hostibus flatu, cum nihil ipsi tale facere possent, victoriam consecutum. merito ergo ‘ventis secundis’.

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#680|683.]]}} {{sc|'''insigne svperbvm'''}} quasi principale decus.

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#680|684.]]}} {{sc|'''navali fvlgent rostrata corona'''}} Sextus Pompeius, Pompei filius, in Sicilia piraticam exercuit. contra quem primo cum Agrippa dimicavit Augustus; postea Agrippae cura data est, qui eum delevit. ob quod ei Augustus rostratam dedit coronam, quia vicerat navali certamine.

{{ancora+|685|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#685|685.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} a parte contraria. {{sc|'''ope barbarica'''}} crimen Antonii, quod ope barbarica Romanus pugnet.

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#685|686.]]}} {{sc|'''victor ab avrorae popvlis'''}} quia primo vicerat Parthos, ut diximus. atqui Antonium Parthi postea pepulerunt; sed videtur hoc ideo tacuisse, ne Augustus inbellem superasse videatur. ideo addidit victorem Orientis Antonium, ut maiorem hostem Augustus vicisse videatur. {{sc|'''litore rvbro'''}} Erythraeo mari, quod est inter Aegyptum et Indiam.

{{ancora+|687|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#685|687.]]}} {{sc|'''vltima secvm bactra vehit'''}} ‘ultima’ non quantum ad fines spectat orbis terrarum, sed ‘ultima’ in imperio Antoniano: constat enim Bactrianos post se habere gentes innumeras.

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#685|688.]]}} {{sc|'''nefas'''}} exclamatio est, quasi ‘pro nefas'! aut per parenthesin dictum est. et nefas non in eo tantum quod Aegyptiam Romanus duxerat, sed etiam quod mulier castra sequebatur, quod in ingenti turpitudine apud maiores fuit: unde bellaturus Pompeius in Lesbo reliquit uxorem.

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#685|689.]]}} {{sc|'''rvere'''}} ruebant, id est veniebant cum impetu. et hoc verbo more suo ostendit velocitatem.

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#690|691.]]}} {{sc|'''credas'''}} pro ‘credat quis’.

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#690|692.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrrere montibvs altos'''}} alii ‘altis’ legunt, unum tamen est.

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#690|693.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrritis pvppibvs instant'''}} hoc de historia traxit: nam Agrippa primus hoc genus turrium invenit, ut de tabulatis subito erigerentur, simul ac ventum esset in proelium, turres hostibus inprovisae, in navigando essent occultae.

{{ancora+|694|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#690|694.]]}} {{sc|'''telisqve volatile'''}} Cato “sub tela volantia”.

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''arva nova neptvnia caede'''}} ‘nova caede’ magna, nimia: nam non dicit re vera ‘nova’. non ‘nova arva’, sed ‘nova caede’: Homerus eruthaineto d’ haimati gaia. sed non est hoc ‘rubescunt’.

{{ancora+|696|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#695|696.]]}} {{sc|'''patrio vocat agmina sistro'''}} Cleopatra sibi tantum adsumpserat, ut se Isin vellet videri. Isis autem est genius Aegypti, qui per sistri motum, quod gerit in dextra, Nili accessus recessusque significat: per situlam, quam sinistra manu retinet, ostendit fluentiam omnium lacunarum. Isis autem lingua Aegyptiorum est terra, quam Isin volunt esse. hanc Isim et alios deos ideo Aegyptii colunt, quia deos reges habuisse dicuntur; ergo in obprobrium Alexandrini exercitus pro classico sistrum posuit. quod autem ait ‘vocat agmina’, hoc est quod superius dictum est et Augustus in commemoratione vitae suae refert, “Antonium iussisse ut legiones suae apud Cleopatram excubarent eiusque nutu et iussu parerent”. bene ergo ‘vocat agmina’ quae signum dabat.

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#695|697.]]}} {{sc|'''a tergo respicit angves'''}} hoc est, nondum videbat mortem futuram. traditur enim ne ad triumphum Augusti reservaretur, admota sibi aspide defecisse. tum ‘geminos’, cum unum sibi admoverit.

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#695|698.]]}} {{sc|'''devm monstra'''}} ideo ‘monstra’ dixit, quia sub Augusto necdum Romani Aegyptia sacra susceperant. et admittebat locus pro laude Augusti aliquid etiam in deos inclementius dici. Varro indignatur Alexandrinos deos Romae coli. {{sc|'''latrator anvbis'''}} quia capite canino pingitur, hunc volunt esse Mercurium, ideo quia nihil est cane sagacius. bello autem Gigantum plures deos ferarum formas accepisse traditur.

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#695|699.]]}} {{sc|'''contra neptvnvm'''}} Homerum sequitur, qui deos dicit contra se pro diversis partibus habere certamen. et quidam latenter illud tetigisse Vergilium volunt, quod Plinius Secundus in historia naturali dicit, quod Antonii navem piscis echeneis retinuerit, qui piscis latine remora dicitur.

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#700|701.]]}} {{sc|'''caelatvs ferro'''}} aut in armis locatus: aut de ferro sculptus, scilicet metallo sibi congruo: aut ‘saevit ferro’. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} Dirae proprie sunt ultrices deae. et bene has interesse dicit proelio, aut a Iove missas ad terrorem Aegyptiis inferendum, aut ad puniendum Antonium, qui matrimonii laeserat foedus.

{{ancora+|702|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#700|702.]]}} {{sc|'''scissa discordia palla'''}} utrum ‘scissa palla gaudens’, an ‘scissa palla vadit’ et seorsum ‘gaudens'? ideo autem Discordia, quia unius civitatis et cives principes erant. et bene Diras Discordia sequitur, quam Bellona comitatur: nam per Discordiam venitur ad bellum, in quo necesse est sanguinem fundi, ideo ait ‘sanguineo flagello’: Horatius “ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum”.

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#700|704.]]}} {{sc|'''activs haec cernens'''}} quem postea Actium nominavit Augustus.

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#705|706.]]}} {{sc|'''vertebant terga sabaei'''}} omnes isti populi Orientis sunt.

{{ancora+|707|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#705|707.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa videbatvr ventis'''}} apud plures legitur Cleopatram priorem fugisse, post insecutum Antonium.

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#705|708.]]}} {{sc|'''iam iamqve inmittere f.'''}} scilicet aviditate fugiendi. et bene ‘iam iamque’ addidit, quia tempus operis in pictura declarari non poterat.

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#705|709.]]}} {{sc|'''inter caedes'''}} inter suorum cadavera. {{sc|'''morte fvtvra'''}} omine mortis futurae.

{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''iapyge ferri'''}} vento, qui de Apulia flans optime ad Orientem ducit; Iapygia enim Apulia dicta est: Horatius “obstrictis aliis praeter Iapyga”. quem Varro de ora maritima argesten dicit, qui de Occidente aestivo flat. hic in Apulia pestilens est.

{{ancora+|711|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#710|711.]]}} {{sc|'''magno corpore'''}} aut ita eum, tamquam deum, magno corpore formatum accipiendum est: aut ‘magno’, septemfluo. et non ‘corpore maerentem’, sed ‘magno corpore pandentem sinus’.

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#710|713.]]}} {{sc|'''vocantem caervlevm in gremivm'''}} hoc de historia est; nam legitur Cleopatram praesagio mortis futurae oblitam esse recessus Aegypti petere, in quibus facile poterat bella reparare. de qua re se moriens dicitur increpasse. bene ergo poeta adicit hortatum fuisse Nilum ut interitus fugeret, ideo ‘tota veste vocantem caeruleum in gremium’. {{sc|'''latebrosaqve flvmina'''}} quia Nili origo nescitur, licet Plinius dicat haud longe ab Aethiopia Maurorum, post maiorem Atlantem, lacum esse, ex quo Nilus erumpit. quod videtur esse veri simile ex beluarum similitudine.

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#710|714.]]}} {{sc|'''triplici trivmpho'''}} tres enim Augustus habuit triumphos: nam primo die triumphavit exercitus qui Antonium vicerat navali bello, secundo qui Dalmatas vicerat, tertio ipse cum Alexandrino est ingressus triumpho.

{{ancora+|715|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#715|715.]]}} {{sc|'''dis italis votvm inmortale sacrabat'''}} videtur aedem Apollinis dixisse, quae est in Palatio.

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#715|716.]]}} {{sc|'''tercentvm'''}} hoc est pro multis.

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#715|717.]]}} {{sc|'''lvdisqve viae plavsvqve fremebant'''}} hoc est, compitalicii ludi celebrati sunt. et est zeugma: nam et delubra fremebant.

{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''candentis limine phoebi'''}} in templo Apollinis in Palatio de solido marmore effecto, quod adlatum fuerat de portu Lunae, qui est in confinio Tusciae et Liguriae: ideo ait ‘candentis’.

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#720|721.]]}} {{sc|'''dona recognoscit popvlorvm'''}} aurum coronarium dicit, quod triumphantibus hodieque a victis gentibus datur. inponebant autem hoc imperatores propter concessam immunitatem. ideo ergo dixit ‘dona’: nam si hoc non esset, spolia diceret. {{sc|'''aptatqve svperbis postibvs'''}} porticum enim Augustus fecerat in qua simulacra omnium gentium conlocaverat: quae porticus appellabatur ‘ad nationes’.

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#720|724.]]}} {{sc|'''hic nomadvm genvs'''}} atqui Antonius Orientis habuit populos; sed intellegamus has gentes Africae operas suas locasse et simul cum Antonio ab Augusto esse superatas. {{sc|'''discinctos'''}} vel habitum eorum ostendit, qui usque in talos fluebat: quod Plautus ridet in Poenulo dicens “quae est illa avis?” (Poen. 975) cum Afrum vidisset vestem dimissam trahentem; neque enim utuntur hodieque zonis: aut ‘discinctos’ dixit inhabiles militiae; omnes enim qui militant cincti sunt: aut certe inefficaces, ut contra ‘praecinctos’ strenuos dicimus: Horatius “altius ac nos praecinctis unum”. unde et Graece euzonos appellatur non qui bonam zonam habet, sed qui est strenuus. {{sc|'''mvlciber'''}} Vulcanus, ab eo quod totum ignis permulcet: aut quod ipse mulcatus pedes sit, sicut quibusdam videtur: aut quod igni mulceatur.

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''lelegas'''}} Thessalos: Lucanus de Thessalia “mox Lelegum dextra pressum descendit aratrum”. {{sc|'''carasqve'''}} Carae insulani populi fuerunt piratica famosi, victi a Minoe, ut et Thucydides et Sallustius dicunt. {{sc|'''gelonos'''}} populus Scythiae.

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#725|726.]]}} {{sc|'''evphrates ibat iam mollior vndis'''}} sentiens quasi se esse superatum: Horatius “minores volvere vertices”.

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#725|727.]]}} {{sc|'''morini'''}} populi Galliae in finibus, qui Britanniam spectant, proximi oceano. {{sc|'''rhenvs'''}} fluvius Galliae, qui Germanos a Gallia dividit. ‘bicornis’ autem aut commune est omnibus fluviis, aut proprie de Rheno, quia per duos alveos fluit: per unum qua Romanum imperium est, per alterum qua interluit barbaros, ubi iam Vahal dicitur et facit insulam Batavorum.

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#725|728.]]}} {{sc|'''dahae'''}} populi Scythiae, a parte septemtrionali iuncti Persidi: unde Davi dicti. {{sc|'''araxes'''}} hic fluvius Armeniae, quem pontibus nisus est Xerxes conscendere. cui Alexander Magnus pontem fecit, quem fluminis incrementa ruperunt. postea Augustus firmiore ponte eum ligavit, unde ad Augusti gloriam dixit ‘pontem indignatus Araxes’.

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#725|729.]]}} {{sc|'''per clipevm vvlcani'''}} hic distinguendum: nam ‘Vulcani parentis’ non procedit. {{sc|'''parentis'''}} nunc honoris.

{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''rervm'''}} futurarum, quae nondum fuerunt. {{sc|'''imagine gavdet'''}} ignarus erat veritatis, sed triumphorum imagine delectabatur.

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber VIII#730|731.]]}} {{sc|'''attollens vmero famamqve et facta nepotvm'''}} si ‘fata’ legeris, hoc est, quae nepotes fataliter fecerunt. hunc versum notant critici quasi superfluo et humiliter additum nec convenientem gravitati eius: namque est [8.eius] magis neotericus. {{sc|'''famamqve'''}} gloriam. {{sc|'''nepotvm'''}} posterorum.
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VII
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VII
|Post = Commentarius IX
|PostNomen = ../Liber IX
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  <page>
    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber VII</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39670</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T00:19:35Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="132169" sha1="1mxarwiujm3rib36mylsjxyk0sal98j" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber VII|librum VII]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin02servuoft/page/124/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VI
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VI
|Post = Commentarius VIII
|PostNomen = ../Liber VIII
}}

*[''Inclinatis litteris scripta sunt scholia quae, sine certis dominis, {{wl|Q3384616|Petrus Daniel Aurelianensis}} 1600 anno primum eddidit.''
*''Rotundis uncis inclusa est scriptura scholiarum Daniele additarum ex codice Parisino (1750) quam integram editor istius editionis, cum plerumque ei videretur emendanda, addidit.''
*''Quadratis uncis inclusa sunt illa quae videbantur Danieli ex eodem abicienda.'']

{{regula}}

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#1|1.]]}} Ut et in principio diximus, in duas partes hoc opus divisum est: nam primi sex ad imaginem Odyssiae dicti sunt, quos personarum et adlocutionum varietate constat esse graviores, hi autem sex qui sequuntur ad imaginem Iliados dicti sunt, qui in negotiis validiores sunt: nam et ipse hoc dicit “maius opus moveo”. et re vera tragicum opus est, ubi tantum bella tractantur. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Misenus, Palinurus etiam. {{sc|'''nostris'''}} hoc est Italicis, ut “non eadem arboribus pendet vindemia nostris”, non, ut Donatus ait, in comparationem oceani navigabilibus. {{sc|'''aeneia nvtrix'''}} hanc alii Aeneae, alii Creusae, alii Ascanii nutricem volunt. lectum tamen est in philologis in hoc loco classem Troianorum casu concrematam, unde Caieta dicta est, apo tou kaiein.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''servat'''}} tenet, possidet, ut “servantem ripas alta non vidit in herba”. {{sc|'''hesperia in magna'''}} ‘magna’ propter Hispaniae discretionem.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''si qva est ea gloria'''}} secundum Epicureos. bene autem interest funeri postquam ab inferis rediit, sicut interfuit antequam descenderet, ut medium actum ostenderet.

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#5|6.]]}} {{sc|'''qviervnt'''}} Hebrus ‘quierant’ legit.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#5|7.]]}} {{sc|'''tendit iter velis'''}} quia prout vela extensa fuerint, ita etiam cursus extenditur, in quo navis est iter. multi dicunt inproprie dictum quod ait ‘tendit iter velis’, multi nimium proprie. constat tamen secundum illud dictum quod ait supra “flecte viam velis”. aliud est velis iter tendere, aliud per vela iter. quod si dicimus, bene procedit et ‘tende viam velis’, ut in ipsis velis ratio sit viae.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#5|8.]]}} {{sc|'''adspirant avrae in noctem'''}} quia, ut diximus, temporum mutatione ventus vel minuitur vel augetur. ‘in noctem’ autem circa noctem. et quotiens tempus exprimitur, accusativum regit ista praepositio.

{{ancora+|9|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#5|9.]]}} {{sc|'''lvna negat'''}} litotes figura; nam dicit ‘large praestat’, ut “munera nec sperno”. {{sc|'''tremvlo svb lvmine'''}} ita enim mobilitas aquae facit videri.

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''circaeae radvntvr litora terrae'''}} ut diximus supra, mons iste antehac insula fuit; paludibus enim a continenti segregabatur, quas exclusit limus de Albanis montibus per paludes Pomptinas fluens. et dicebatur Aeaeus ab horrore transeuntium, quod homines mutabantur in feras. in hoc summo oppidum fuit, quod et Circeium dictum est et Circei; nam utrumque Livius dicit.

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#10|11.]]}} {{sc|'''dives'''}} non addidit cuius rei, cum soleat, ut “dives equum, dives pictai vestis et auri”. {{sc|'''inaccessos'''}} inaccessibiles, inaccedendos, non ad quos nullus accessit; nam Ulixes illuc venit. ergo ‘inaccessos’ ad quos nullus debeat accedere, ut “aut inlaudati nescit Busiridis aras”, hoc est inlaudabilis, nam ab Isocrate constat esse laudatum.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#10|12.]]}} {{sc|'''resonat cantv'''}} resonare facit. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} aut altis, aut nobilibus propter antiquam oppidi magnitudinem.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#10|13.]]}} {{sc|'''odoratam'''}} pro ‘odoriferam’. hoc autem ideo, quia usus olei apud maiores non fuit, praecipue in Italia.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#10|14.]]}} {{sc|'''argvto pectine'''}} garrulo, stridulo, sonanti, ut “forte sub arguta consederat ilice Daphnis”. {{sc|'''percvrrens pectine telas'''}} aut manu percurrens; aut ictu pectinis, ut videmus; aut quia apud maiores stantes texebant, ut hodie linteones videmus. est autem Homeri, qui ait histon epoikhomene.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''gemitvs iraeqve'''}} gemitus irascentium leonum, hen dia duoin.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#15|16.]]}} {{sc|'''sera svb nocte'''}} quasi eo tempore, quo naturali libertate uti consueverunt. ‘sub sera nocte’ per noctem seram. {{sc|'''rvdentvm'''}} naturaliter ‘ru’ longa est: Persius “findor ut Arcadiae pecuaria rudere dicas”. systolen ergo fecit. ruditus autem proprie est clamor asinorum, sicut grunnitus porcorum, ranarum coax: quae nomina a sono vocis constat esse composita.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#15|17.]]}} {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} caveis, ubi aluntur: non enim re vera praesepia habent.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#15|19.]]}} {{sc|'''dea saeva'''}} aut per se, aut herbis potentibus saeva. Circe autem ideo Solis fingitur filia, quia clarissima meretrix fuit, et nihil est sole clarius. haec libidine sua et blandimentis homines in ferinam vitam ab humana deducebat, ut libidini et voluptatibus operam darent: unde datus est locus fabulae. aperte Horatius “sub domina meretrice fuisset turpis et excors”.

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''in vvltvs ac terga ferarvm'''}} corrumpebatur enim in illis sensus: animus namque idem manebat.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#20|21.]]}} {{sc|'''pii paterentvr troes'''}} ergo impii qui pertulerunt: impii autem propter occisa Solis armenta.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#20|23.]]}} {{sc|'''neptvnvs ventis implevit vela secvndis'''}} physice locutus est: motu enim aquae ventus creatur, ut videmus in bombis organorum.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#20|24.]]}} {{sc|'''praeter vada fervida'''}} periculosa navigantibus. et est tmesis.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#25|26.]]}} {{sc|'''in roseis fvlgebat lvtea bigis'''}} ‘lutea’ est crocei coloris, ut “croceo mutabit vellera luto”: unde multi iungunt ‘inroseis’, id est non roseis, quasi non rubicundis, ne sit contrarium. tamen secundum Homerum dictum est, qui interdum rhododaktulon, id est rosei coloris digitos habentem, interdum krokopeplon dicit Auroram, id est crocei coloris veste circumdatam.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#25|27.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venti posvere'''}} cum ortu diei quievere: ‘posuere’ enim quievere est, sicut contra ‘ferre’ flare dicimus, ut “fieret vento mora nequa ferenti”, id est flanti. {{sc|'''omnisqve repente resedit flatvs'''}} ‘omnis’, id est et qui ripae est flatus, et qui pelagi, qui altanus vocatur.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#25|28.]]}} {{sc|'''tonsae'''}} remi dicti a decutiendis fluctibus, sicut tonsores a tondendis et decutiendis capillis.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#25|29.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvm prospicit'''}} in quo erat fluminis numen: diximus enim numquam sine religione esse lucum a Vergilio positum.

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''hvnc inter'''}} per hunc: Terentius “dum rus eo, coepi egomet mecum inter vias”. est autem crebra Frontonis elocutio. {{sc|'''amoeno'''}} umbroso, silvis circumdato.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#30|31.]]}} {{sc|'''flavvs arena'''}} epitheton proprium. et sciendum exitum Tiberini fluminis naturalem non esse nisi circa Ostiam, ubi prima Aeneas castra constituit: nam aliter non procedit quod ait “murorum in parte sinistra opposuere aciem: nam dextera cingitur amni”. postea enim in Laurolavinio castra fecit ingentia, quorum vestigia adhuc videntur.

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#30|33.]]}} {{sc|'''adsvetae ripis volvcres'''}} bono compendio usus est.

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#30|34.]]}} {{sc|'''aethera mvlcebant'''}} oblectabant, lenibant. corporalia enim sunt elementa, ut diximus supra; non enim mulcetur nisi quod corporale est. supra ait “totamque infusa per artus”.

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#35|37.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc age'''}} hinc est sequentis operis initium: ante dicta enim ex superioribus pendent. sane {{sc|'''erato'''}} vel pro Calliope, vel pro qualicumque musa posuit. {{sc|'''tempora rervm'''}} quia, ut diximus supra, secundum Lucretium tempora nisi ex rebus colligantur, per se nulla sunt.

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#35|38.]]}} {{sc|'''latio antiqvo'''}} quia duo sunt, vetus et novum, sicut et in iure lectum est.

{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''exordia pvgnae'''}} id est cervi interitum.

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#40|42.]]}} {{sc|'''actos'''}} aut collectos, aut re vera compulsos: quod est veri simile propter illud ‘longa placidas in pace regebat’.

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#40|43.]]}} {{sc|'''totamqve svb arma coactam'''}} collectam, ut “Tityre coge pecus”. ‘totam’ autem huperbolikos dixit.

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#45|47.]]}} {{sc|'''hvnc favno et nympha genitvm lavrente marica'''}} quidam deus est Fatuclus. huius uxor est Fatua. idem Faunus et eadem Fauna. dicti autem sunt Faunus et Fauna a vaticinando, id est fando, unde et fatuos dicimus inconsiderate loquentes. ergo Faunae et Fatuae nomen quasi asperum fugit poeta, et Maricam dixit fuisse uxorem Fauni. est autem Marica dea litoris Minturnensium iuxta Lirin fluvium: Horatius “et innantem Maricae litoribus tenuisse Lirin”. quod si voluerimus accipere uxorem Fauni Maricam, non procedit: dii enim topici, id est locales, ad alias regiones non transeunt. sed potest dictum esse per poeticam licentiam ‘Laurente Marica’, cum sit Minturnensis. dicunt alii per Maricam Venerem intellegi debere, cuius fuit sacellum iuxta Maricam, in quo erat scriptum {{sc|'''pontie'''}} APhRODITE. sane Hesiodus Latinum Circes et Ulixis filium dicit, quod et Vergilius tangit dicendo “Solis avi specimen”. sed quia temporum ratio non procedit, illud accipiendum est Hygini, qui ait Latinos plures fuisse, ut intellegamus poetam abuti, ut solet, nominum similitudine.

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#45|48.]]}} {{sc|'''accipimvs'''}} propter varias opiniones hoc adiecit, ut Sallustius “urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Troiani”.

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#45|49.]]}} {{sc|'''vltimvs avctor'''}} primus, ut ‘supremum’ summum dicimus: “pro supreme Iuppiter”.

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#50|51.]]}} {{sc|'''primaqve oriens erepta ivventa est'''}} per transitum tangit historiam. Amata enim duos filios, voluntate patris Aeneae spondentes Laviniam sororem, factione interemit: unde et ‘erepta’ dixit, quasi per vim. hos alii caecatos a matre tradunt, postquam amisso Turno Lavinia Aeneae iuncta est. ‘fato’ autem dicit voluntate: nam dii id fantur quod sentiunt, non ut homines, de quibus lectum est “aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere”.

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#50|53.]]}} {{sc|'''iam matvra viro iam plenis nvbilis annis'''}} non est iteratum, sed secundum ius dictum, in quo et ex annorum ratione et ex habitu corporis aetas comprobatur. primum ergo ad habitum, secundum ad annos pertinet.

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#50|54.]]}} {{sc|'''latio'''}} Latium pars est Ausoniae: unde dixit primo quod minus est, sic intulit ‘totaque Ausonia’.

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#55|56.]]}} {{sc|'''petit ante alios pvlcherrimvs'''}} aut ‘ante alios petit’, aut ‘pulcherrimus ante alios’.

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#55|57.]]}} {{sc|'''miro amore'''}} nova intemperantia.

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#55|58.]]}} {{sc|'''sed variis'''}} propter apes, incendium, oraculum Fauni. {{sc|'''portenta'''}} signa quae sunt media, a portendendo: nam et bona et mala sunt portenta.

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#55|59.]]}} {{sc|'''lavrvs erat'''}} Latinus post mortem fratris Lavini cum Lavinum amplificaret, ab inventa lauro Laurolavinium id appellavit. {{sc|'''in penetralibvs'''}} penetrale est omnis interior pars domus, licet sit intecta: unde laurum in penetralibus fuisse non mirum est.

{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} religione, quae nascitur per timorem.

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#60|61.]]}} {{sc|'''primas cvm conderet arces'''}} ‘primas’ circa laurum scilicet: nam iam civitas fuerat.

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''trans aethera'''}} aetherem pro aere posuit.

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#65|66.]]}} {{sc|'''obsedere apicem'''}} verbum oppugnationis est ‘obsedere’, quo usus est signate propter bellum futurum. {{sc|'''per mvtva'''}} invicem: et est absolutum. Melissus qui de apibus scripsit, ait “duobus pedibus se tenent et duobus alias sustinent”.

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#65|68.]]}} {{sc|'''vates'''}} divinus: per quam autem artem non dixit, nec nomen eius; sed datur intellegi coniecturis eum quibusdam futura dixisse.

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#65|69.]]}} {{sc|'''partes petere agmen easdem'''}} intellegimus ab infero mari apes venisse, unde et Troiani. ‘partes’ autem ‘easdem’ summitates rerum petere dicit, sicut apes apicem lauri, per quam advenarum victoria enuntiatur.

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#70|71.]]}} {{sc|'''castis'''}} piis. et sciendum Latinum sacrificasse iuxta stante Lavinia.

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#70|73.]]}} {{sc|'''nefas'''}} absoluta parenthesis. et est hypallage ‘comprendere crinibus ignem’, cum ignis crines comprehendat.

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#75|76.]]}} {{sc|'''fvmida'''}} in fumo est causa lacrimarum et belli.

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#75|77.]]}} {{sc|'''vvlcanvm spargere'''}} incendium belli significat. his autem duobus hoc ab augurio distat Ascanii, fumo et aspersione flammarum.

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#80|81.]]}} {{sc|'''favni'''}} Faunus apo tes phones dictus, quod voce, non signis ostendit futura.

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#80|82.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcosqve'''}} pro in lucis.

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#80|83.]]}} {{sc|'''svb albvnea'''}} in Albunea. {{sc|'''alta'''}} quia est in Tiburtinis altissimis montibus. et Albunea dicta est ab aquae qualitate, quae in illo fonte est: unde etiam nonnulli ipsam Leucotheam volunt. sciendum sane unum nomen esse fontis et silvae.

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#80|84.]]}} {{sc|'''sacro fonte'''}} nullus enim fons non sacer. {{sc|'''mephitin'''}} mephitis proprie est terrae putor, qui de aquis nascitur sulphuratis, et est in nemoribus gravior ex densitate silvarum. alii Mephitin deum volunt Leucotheae conexum, sicut est Veneri Adonis, Dianae Virbius. alii Mephitin Iunonem volunt, quam aerem esse constat. novimus autem putorem non nisi ex corruptione aeris nasci, sicut etiam bonum odorem de aere incorrupto, ut sit Mephitis dea odoris gravissimi, id est grave olentis.

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc italae gentes'''}} commendatio oraculi ipsius. {{sc|'''oenotria tellvs'''}} proprie Sabinorum tractus.

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#85|87.]]}} {{sc|'''svb nocte silenti'''}} per noctem silentem.

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#85|88.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvit'''}} incubare dicuntur proprie hi qui dormiunt ad accipienda responsa: unde est “ille incubat Iovi”, id est dormit in Capitolio, ut responsa possit accipere.

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''varias avdit voces'''}} scilicet propter multa simulacra. {{sc|'''frvitvr'''}} pascitur: quod de rebus tantum bonis dicimus.

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#90|91.]]}} {{sc|'''acheronta adfatvr avernis'''}} potestates quae sunt in Acheronte, ad quem per Avernum venitur. hoc autem ideo, quia Faunus infernus dicitur deus: et congrue; nam nihil est terra inferius, in qua habitat. hinc est quod eum Horatius inducit nocentem, dicens “lenis incedas abeasque parvis aequus alumnis”.

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#90|92.]]}} {{sc|'''pater ipse'''}} aut honoris est, aut pater Laviniae.

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#90|93.]]}} {{sc|'''centvm'''}} aut pro qualitate fortunae, unde et ‘rite’ dixit: aut finitum pro infinito posuit.

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#90|94.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergoribus, id est coriis.

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#95|97.]]}} {{sc|'''thalamis nev crede paratis'''}} propter Turnum.

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#95|98.]]}} {{sc|'''venient'''}} melius ‘veniunt’, ut iam eos venire significet. {{sc|'''generi'''}} plurali usus est pro singulari.

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#95|99.]]}} {{sc|'''a stirpe'''}} stirpem cum de genere et prosapie dicimus, tantum femininum est, cum de arbore, et masculini generis et feminini invenitur, ut “sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum”, contra Horatius “stirpesque raptas et pecus et domos”.

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pedibvs'''}} sub imperio suo ac potestate.

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#100|102.]]}} {{sc|'''monitvsqve'''}} alibi monita dixit, ut “Carmentis nymphae monita et deus auctor Apollo”.

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#100|103.]]}} {{sc|'''non ipse svo premit ore latinvs'''}} quo a se repelleret generos.

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#100|104.]]}} {{sc|'''sed circvm late volitans'''}} tmesis est ‘circum’ ‘volitans’.

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#105|109.]]}} {{sc|'''adorea liba'''}} ador proprie est genus farris, liba autem sunt placentae de farre, melle et oleo, sacris aptae.

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''svbicivnt epvlis'''}} subponunt in epularum locum. {{sc|'''ille'''}} qui per harpyiam vaticinatus est, ut “quae Phoebo pater omnipotens”.

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#110|111.]]}} {{sc|'''et cereale solvm'''}} solum dicitur omne quod aliquid sustinet, unde de mari supra ait “subtrahiturque solum”. sic nunc panicias mensas, id est epularum sustentaculum, solum vocavit.

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#110|112.]]}} {{sc|'''forte aliis'''}} abundat ‘forte’.

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''fatalis crvsti'''}} ad negotium respexit Aeneae, cui hic erat finis laborum. ‘crustum’ autem et ‘crusta’. neutraliter dicimus de his quae comedi possunt: Horatius “ut pueris olim dant crustula blandi doctores”, Iuvenalis “nos colaphum incutimus lambenti crustula servo”. feminino autem genere fragmenta dicimus, quae comesse non possumus, ut “concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae”. {{sc|'''qvadris'''}} aut mensis: et est antonomasia, nam supra ‘orbem’ dixit: aut ‘quadris’ fragmentis accipimus, ut Iuvenalis “ut bona summa putes aliena vivere quadra”.

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#115|117.]]}} {{sc|'''adlvdens'''}} aut vacat ‘ad’, et ludentem significat: aut certe ‘adludens’ ad responsi fidem verba componens. {{sc|'''laborvm finem'''}} scilicet maritimorum: nam in terra multa passurus est, ut ait sibylla “sed terrae graviora manent”.

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#115|118.]]}} {{sc|'''primamqve loqventis ab ore eripvit pater'''}} hoc est, adhuc loquente Ascanio primus pater intellexit famem, quam fata praedixerant.

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#115|119.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmine pressit'''}} id est oraculi fide ab Heleno et Anchisa praedicti. ‘pressit’ autem vocem Ascanii, quo posset ipse numina deprecari.

{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis mihi debita'''}} bona periphrasis est, ne ‘fatalis’ diceret, quod est medium: et in precibus nihil esse ambiguum debet.

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#120|121.]]}} {{sc|'''o fidi'''}} Aeneae scilicet, non Troiae, quam nequivere servare.

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#120|122.]]}} {{sc|'''hic domvs'''}} aut familia, ut “da propriam Thymbraee domum”: aut ordo est, hic est patria, hic domus; ante enim patria est, sic domus.

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''accisis'''}} undique consumptis. et hoc est apud nos ‘ac’, quod apud Graecos am. hinc est “amsancti valles”, id est undique sancti.

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#125|128.]]}} {{sc|'''haec erat illa fames'''}} ac si diceret: hoc fuerat timendum periculum, quod pericula determinat.

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#130|131.]]}} {{sc|'''habeant'''}} habitent; hoc enim frequentativum est ab eo quod est habeo. {{sc|'''vbi moenia gentis'''}} Laurolavinium significat.

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#130|133.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc pateras libate iovi'''}} ab eo quod continet id quod continetur.

{{ancora+|134|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#130|134.]]}} {{sc|'''anchisen genitorem'''}} bene Iovem et Anchisen, qui causa oraculi fuerunt. {{sc|'''reponite mensis'''}} aut timore verborum Ascanii interrupta renovate: aut ‘reponite’ frequenter ponite, id est crebro bibite.

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''tempora ramo implicat'''}} diebus enim festis ita epulabantur, id est coronati.

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#135|136.]]}} {{sc|'''genivmqve loci'''}} Apollinem vult intellegi: in tutela enim eius tota fuerat regio, ut “quam pater inventam primas cum conderet arces, ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus”. aliter iniquum est si, cum omnes invocet, Apollinem praetermittat, praesertim cum Helenus dixerit “aderitque vocatus Apollo”. {{sc|'''primamqve deorvm'''}} quia ipsa est mater deorum.

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#135|137.]]}} {{sc|'''nymphasqve et adhvc ignota precatvr flvmina'''}} bonum ordinem sequitur: sic alibi “nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est”.

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#135|138.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem noctisqve orientia signa'''}} quae noctem sequuntur, ut nymphas flumina: invocat enim sibi coniuncta.

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#135|139.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygiamqve ex ordine matrem'''}} aut ‘contigue’, quia Idaeum dixerat Iovem: aut certe ‘rite’, id est more sollemni.

{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duos. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} autem Venerem, {{sc|'''erebo'''}} Anchisen.

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#140|141.]]}} {{sc|'''caelo clarvs ab alto'''}} in serenitate, quod est augurii; nam in nubibus causa est.

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#140|142.]]}} {{sc|'''radiis et avro'''}} radiis aureis. {{sc|'''ardentem nvbem'''}} alii fulmen nubem ardentem dicunt, ut Lucanus “atque ardens aere solo” (10.503), quos hoc loco secutus est. alii fulmen dicunt aeris scissione ardentem rimam, quos alibi sequitur dicens “ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos”.

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#145|146.]]}} {{sc|'''certatim instavrant epvlas'''}} hoc est ‘et vina reponite mensis’.

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#145|147.]]}} {{sc|'''vina coronant'''}} pro ‘pateras’. {{sc|'''magno'''}} autem {{sc|'''omine'''}} caelesti dicit: alibi “nam te maioribus ire per altum auspiciis manifesta fides”.

{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''haec fontis stagna nvmici'''}} ista iam ab incolis discuntur. quod autem ait ‘stagna’ verum est: nam Numicus ingens ante fluvius fuit, in quo repertum est cadaver Aeneae et consecratum. post paulatim decrescens in fontem redactus est, qui et ipse siccatus est sacris interceptus: Vestae enim libari non nisi de hoc fluvio licebat.

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#150|152.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine ab omni'''}} ex omni qualitate dignitatum: quod apud Romanos in legatione mittenda hodieque servatur.

{{ancora+|153|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#150|153.]]}} {{sc|'''avgvsta ad moenia'''}} augurio consecrata. hinc paulo post illud est ‘tectum augustum, ingens’. et nisi in augusto loco consilium senatus habere non poterat: unde templum Vestae non fuit augurio consecratum, ne illuc conveniret senatus, ubi erant virgines; nam haec fuerat regia Numae Pompilii: ad atrium autem Vestae conveniebat, quod a templo remotum fuerat.

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#155|157.]]}} {{sc|'''fossa'''}} sulco. et sunt ista reciproca; nam et sulcum ponit pro fossa, ut “ausim vel tenui vitem committere sulco”, id est fossa.

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#155|158.]]}} {{sc|'''molitvrqve locvm'''}} praeparat. {{sc|'''primasqve in litore sedes'''}} ideo ‘primas’, quia imperium Lavinium translaturus est. et sciendum civitatem, quam primo fecit Aeneas, Troiam dictam secundum Catonem et Livium: quod et ipse dicit “nec te Troia capit”.

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#155|159.]]}} {{sc|'''castrorvm in morem'''}} brevem scilicet. {{sc|'''pinnis atqve aggere'''}} muro, in quo pinnae sunt. et est synecdoche. ‘aggere’ autem fossa.

{{ancora+|160|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#160|160.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve iter emensi tvrres et t. l.'''}} hypermetrus versus.

{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#160|161.]]}} {{sc|'''mvroqve svbibant'''}} alibi per accusativum, ut “Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morantem sustinuit”. et hoc secundum naturam est, nam ‘it sub mucronem’ dicimus: per dativum enim figuratum est.

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#160|162.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri et primaevo flore ivventvs'''}} bene Romanae militiae exprimit morem; nam post pubertatem armis exercebantur et sexto decimo anno militabant, quo etiam solo sub custodibus agebant. nec est contrarium “longa populos in pace regebat”: nam licet in pace essent, exercitium tamen vigebat armorum.

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#160|163.]]}} {{sc|'''domitantqve in pvlvere cvrrvs'''}} equos sub curribus domitant.

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#160|164.]]}} {{sc|'''acres arcvs'''}} fortes. et est katakhresis: nam acrimonia mentis est. {{sc|'''lenta'''}} mollia. {{sc|'''ictv'''}} iaculatione.

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#165|167.]]}} {{sc|'''ingentes'''}} ex stupore nuntii laus ostenditur Troianorum. et bene novitatis ostendit opinionem: ingentes enim esse quos primum videmus opinamur. {{sc|'''reportat'''}} aut ‘re’ vacat, aut ‘re’ pro ‘ad’ posuit, ut sit ‘adportat’.

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#165|168.]]}} {{sc|'''intra tecta vocari'''}} dissentit hoc loco a Romana consuetudine. nam legati si quando incogniti venire nuntiarentur, primo quid vellent ab exploratoribus requirebatur, post ad eos egrediebantur magistratus minores, et tunc demum senatus ab eis extra urbem postulata noscebat, et ita si visum fuisset, in urbem admittebantur. sed hoc Vergilius non sine ratione praetermisit: Latinum namque memorem vult esse responsi et avidum satis ad externos videndos, per quos ei promittebatur felicitas.

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#165|169.]]}} {{sc|'''solio medivs consedit'''}} ut supra diximus, solium est veluti armarium de uno ligno factum ad regum tutelam, secundum alios a soliditate dictum, secundum Asprum per antistichon, [7.quod solum id est unum capit] quasi sodium a sedendo: nam et sella quasi sedda dicta est.

{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''tectvm avgvstvm ingens'''}} domum, quam in Palatio diximus ab Augusto factam, per transitum laudat: quam quasi in Laurolavinio vult fuisse.

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#170|172.]]}} {{sc|'''horrendvm'''}} venerandum, non quod horrori sit.

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#170|173.]]}} {{sc|'''hic sceptra accipere'''}} hoc in Palatio fiebat.

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#170|174.]]}} {{sc|'''cvria templvm'''}} quia, ut diximus, curia non erat nisi in augurato loco.

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''ariete caeso'''}} hoc sacrificium in ianua Palatii fiebat festis diebus.

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#175|176.]]}} {{sc|'''perpetvis mensis'''}} longis, ad ordinem exaequatis sedentum: maiores enim nostri sedentes epulabantur. quem morem a Laconibus habuerunt et Cretensibus, ut Varro docet in libris de gente populi Romani, in quibus dicit quid a quaque traxerint gente per imitationem.

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#175|177.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}} prout sibi successerant. [7.sane intellegendum est, ita ut nati fuerant, sic eorum imagines fuisse compositas.]

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#175|178.]]}} {{sc|'''e cedro'''}} quod lignum non facile vetustate consumitur. [7.hoc genus ligni tineam nescit corruptionemque ex antiquitate non sentit.] unde est cedria, quae chartam reservat: hinc est illud “et cedro digna locuti”. [7.aut cedria perunctae, quoniam ligna custodit ac conservat.]

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#175|179.]]}} {{sc|'''vitisator'''}} non inventor vitis, sed qui vitis genus demonstravit Italis populis. {{sc|'''svb imagine falcem'''}} aut statuae exprimit gestum, ut dicat: ita tenebat falcem, ut eam sub vultu haberet: aut ‘sub imagine’ sub theca dicit, quae similis falcis est.

{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''satvrnvsqve senex'''}} antiqui reges nomina sibi plerumque vindicabant deorum. ergo Saturnus rex fuit Italiae: nam et supra ait ‘veterum effigies ex ordine avorum’ et infert ‘aliique ab origine reges’. hinc est quod apud Cretam esse dicitur Iovis sepulcrum. Gabalus etiam, Romanus imperator, Solem se dici voluit: nam Heliogabalus dictus est.

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#180|181.]]}} {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} pro ‘Aboriginum reges’, sed est metro prohibitus.

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#180|182.]]}} {{sc|'''pvgnando vvlnera passi'''}} pugnando scilicet quasi reges.

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#180|183.]]}} {{sc|'''sacris in postibvs'''}} ubi spolia consecrabantur.

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#180|184.]]}} {{sc|'''captivi'''}} pro ‘captivorum’: nota figura est.

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''cristae'''}} hoc est galeae: a parte totum posuit.

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#185|186.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptaqve rostra carinis'''}} bene de omni genere proeliorum spolia illic fuisse demonstrat.

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#185|187.]]}} {{sc|'''qvirinali litvo'''}} lituus est incurvum augurum baculum, quo utebantur ad designanda caeli spatia, nam manu non licebat. Quirinalem autem ex persona sua dixit, qualem postea Quirinus habuit: nam tunc adhuc non fuerat Romulus. [7.vel lituum id est regium baculum, in quo potestas esset dirimendarum litium.]

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#185|188.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctvs trabea'''}} toga est augurum de cocco et purpura. {{sc|'''ancile'''}} scutum breve. regnante Numa caelo huius modi scutum lapsum est, et data responsa sunt, illic fore summam imperii, ubi illud esset. quod ne aliquando hostis agnosceret, per Mamurium fabrum multa similia fecerunt: cui et diem consecrarunt, quo pellem virgis feriunt ad artis similitudinem. dicimus autem ‘hoc ancile’ et ‘haec ancilia’, ‘anciliorum’ vero usurpavit Horatius dicens “anciliorum et nominis et togae oblitus”. septem fuerunt pignora, quae imperium Romanum tenent: †aius matris deum, quadriga fictilis Veientanorum, cineres Orestis, sceptrum Priami, velum Ilionae, palladium, ancilia.

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea conivnx'''}} nam aliter versus non stat. et ‘aurea’ per ironiam dixit, ut “egregia interea coniunx”: ‘coniunx’ vero non quae erat, sed quae esse cupiebat, ut “quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos”. fabula autem talis est. Picum amavit Pomona, pomorum dea, et eius volentis est sortita coniugium. postea Circe, cum eum amaret et sperneretur, irata eum in avem, picum Martium, convertit: nam altera est pica. hoc autem ideo fingitur, quia augur fuit et domi habuit picum, per quem futura noscebat: quod pontificales indicant libri. bene autem supra ei lituum dedit, quod est augurum proprium: nam ancile et trabea communia sunt cum Diali vel Martiali sacerdote.

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#190|194.]]}} {{sc|'''placido prior edidit ore'''}} bene ‘placido’; legatorum enim fuerat ut ipsi ante loquerentur: sic in secundo “ultro flens ipse videbar”.

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''dicite dardanidae'''}} aut ex veste eos Troianos esse cognoscit, quae erat propria gentium singularum; aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus famam, quae eos venire nuntiaverat, eandem etiam Troianos esse dixisse: unde infert ‘auditique advertitis aequore cursum’. ‘Dardanidae’ autem, ac si diceret ‘o cognati’.

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#195|197.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid petitis.'''}}.. {{sc|'''sive errore viae sev tempestatibvs acti'''}} duo quaerit: si voluntate venistis, quid petitis? si necessitate, tempestas vos an error advexit?

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#195|198.]]}} {{sc|'''vada caervla'''}} caerulum est viride cum nigro, ut est mare.

{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalia mvlta'''}} ad duo respexit, errorem et necessitatem.

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#200|201.]]}} {{sc|'''portvqve sedetis'''}} ante enim pro portu erat illic exitus fluminis.

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#200|202.]]}} {{sc|'''ne fvgite'''}} id est ne fugiatis, ne ignoretis.

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#200|203.]]}} {{sc|'''satvrni gentem'''}} laus generis.

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#200|204.]]}} {{sc|'''sponte sva veterisqve dei se more tenentem'''}} Xenocratis est hoc: qui cum primus philosophiae scolam aperuisset, cum antea in porticibus de philosophia tractaretur, et interrogatus esset, quid praestare posset discipulis suis, respondit, ut id voluntate faciant quod alii iure coguntur. {{sc|'''veteris'''}} antiqui, ac si diceret, aurei saeculi imagine vivimus.

{{ancora+|205|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#205|205.]]}} {{sc|'''fama est obscvrior annis'''}} ac si diceret, nisi esset, iam vos sciretis.

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#205|206.]]}} {{sc|'''avrvncos ita ferre senes'''}} apud veteres historiae hoc genus fuit, ut maiores natu ante acta posteris indicarent: quod hic indicat locus, Lucanus apertius, cum esset de Antaeo narraturus, ait “cognita per multos docuit rudis incola patres” (4.592): quia adhuc nec annales erant nec historiae. Aurunci vero Italiae populi antiquissimi fuerunt. ‘ferre’ autem quasi cum ostentatione iactare.

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#205|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanvs'''}} Iuppiter cum Electra, Atlantis filia, Corythi regis Italiae uxore, concubuit. sed ex Iovis semine natus est Dardanus, ex Corythi Iasius. Dardanus profectus ad Phrygiam, Ilium condidit, Iasius vero Thraciam tenuit, ubi est Samos, quam Samothraciam nominavit: nam Iunonis alia est Samos insula. [7.quamquam civitas Thraciae, quae est in Cephallenia, Samo dicatur.] unde cum postea responsum esset “antiquam exquirite matrem”, et Aeneas Italiam peteret, profectus ad Thraciam est et Samothracas deos sustulit et pertulit secum propter originem matris: quod superius plenius dictum est. {{sc|'''idaeas phrygiae penetravit ad vrbes'''}} quia erat Ida et Cretae, addidit ‘Phrygiae’ ad discretionem.

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#205|209.]]}} {{sc|'''corythi'''}} oppidum et mons dicta a rege Corytho, ut putatur a quibusdam, patre Dardani, ibi sepulto. {{sc|'''avget'''}} adiectione scilicet numinis sui.

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#210|212.]]}} {{sc|'''voce secvtvs'''}} plerumque enim consentimus et taciti.

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#210|213.]]}} {{sc|'''rex'''}} conciliatio ab honore, inde a genere.

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#210|214.]]}} {{sc|'''svccedere terris'''}} ut “succedoque oneri”.

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''nec sidvs'''}} aspectus siderum: nam tempestatem supra dixit. nec est bis idem positum.

{{ancora+|217|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#215|217.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem adferimvr'''}} ad urbem ferimur.

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#215|218.]]}} {{sc|'''extremo veniens'''}} id est ‘primo’: nam alias ‘rediens’ diceret, non ‘veniens’.

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''iove dardana pvbes gavdet avo'''}} generis origine: nam avus non est Troianorum Iuppiter, sed Aeneae solius per Venerem.

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#220|222.]]}} {{sc|'''qvanta per idaeos'''}} ad illud respondit ‘auditique advertitis aequore cursum’, id est, haec non mirum te audisse, quae universus orbis agnovit.

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#220|223.]]}} {{sc|'''tempestas'''}} vis bellorum. {{sc|'''actvs'''}} conlisus. {{sc|'''fatis'''}} per transitum et excusat Troianos et Graecorum laudem minuit.

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvs extrema'''}} ut est Britanniae et omnium insularum oceani. {{sc|'''refvso'''}} autem refluo, ut Lucanus indicat. et est hoc Homeri.

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#225|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et si qvem extenta plagarvm qvattvor'''}} audierunt etiam illi qui separantur zona ea, quae est in medio quattuor, id est fervens. significat autem antipodas.

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#225|227.]]}} {{sc|'''iniqvi'''}} intemperati vel ardentis.

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#225|228.]]}} {{sc|'''dilvvio ex illo'''}} ex illa vastitate. alii hic distingunt et mutant sensum, ut sit: quos dirimit plaga solis ardentis ex quo mundus est constitutus, hoc est ex quo chaos esse desiit. {{sc|'''tot'''}} pro ‘multa’.

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#225|229.]]}} {{sc|'''dis sedem exigvam patriis'''}} pia et verecunda petitio. {{sc|'''litvsqve rogamvs innocvvm'''}} non quod nulli noceat, sed quo vindicato nulli possit noceri. aliter serpentes innocuas dicimus.

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''cvnctis vndamqve avramqve patentem'''}} ista enim communia sunt.

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#230|231.]]}} {{sc|'''indecores'''}} decus decoris facit, sicut ‘pecus pecoris, nemus nemoris’ ‘o’ in genetivo correptum est: omnia enim in ‘us’ exeuntia neutra in genetivo singulari paenultimam corripiunt, excepto ‘pelagus’, quod Graecum est: unde et ‘vulgeris’ dicitur secundum regulam, licet de hoc nomine aliud auctoritati placuerit. decor vero decoris facit, paenultima in genetivo producta: omnia enim in ‘or’ exeuntia in genetivo producuntur, exceptis quinque ‘arbor marmor memor inmemor aequor’. unde quaeritur ‘indecores’ a quo sit nominativo: ab eo quod est ‘indecus’ non potest venire, quia lectum non est et quia ‘decus’ neutrum regit genus, non masculinum. restat ut dicamus ab eo, quod est ‘indecor’, venire ‘indecores’, nam et lectum est. sed decor decoris facit producta paenultima, quam Vergilius corripuit. ergo aut systole est, aut certe dicimus huius nominis nominativum non inveniri, ut in multis nominibus fit: quod et melius est, nam systole sine exemplo fieri non debet. verecunde autem hoc dicit, sua coniunctione etiam ornari Italos.

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#230|232.]]}} {{sc|'''abolescet'''}} abolebitur. et usus est inchoativa forma, cum opus non esset.

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#230|233.]]}} {{sc|'''troiam'''}} id est Troianos.

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#230|234.]]}} {{sc|'''fata per aeneae ivro'''}} quae iam novit Latinus, oraculo scilicet Fauni, per quod audiit “externi venient generi”.

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''sive fide sev qvis bello est expertvs et armis'''}} in his enim dextera comprobatur, fide et virtute.

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#235|237.]]}} {{sc|'''vittas'''}} quae religabantur ad ramum: alibi “et vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos”.

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#240|241.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc repetit'''}} scilicet Dardanus, id est Aeneas, qui et Dardanus, ut diximus, vocabatur. et bene ‘repetit’, non ‘petit’, quasi ad sua. {{sc|'''ingentibvs'''}} Deliis, quae magna constat fuisse.

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#240|243.]]}} {{sc|'''fortvnae parva prioris'''}} bene medium tenuit: nam ne laudare videretur, ait ‘parva’, ne deformaret, nam durum est aliquid ab infelicibus accipere, ait ‘fortunae prioris’.

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc pater anchises avro libabat ad aras'''}} pateram significat.

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#245|246.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc priami gestamen erat'''}} diadema dicit: nam sceptrum paulo post dicturus est.

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#245|247.]]}} {{sc|'''sacerqve tiaras'''}} pilleum Phrygium dicit. et sciendum ‘hic tiaras’ per usurpationem dictum, nam ‘haec tiara’ dicitur: melius ergo Iuvenalis “et Phrygia vestitur bucca tiara”.

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''obtvtv tenet ora'''}} ordo est: Latinus defixa tenet ora et obtutu, id est intuitu solo haeret inmobilis.

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#250|251.]]}} {{sc|'''intentos volvens ocvlos'''}} cogitantis est gestus: sic de Boccho Sallustius “vultu et oculis pariter atque animo variis”.

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#250|252.]]}} {{sc|'''regem picta movet'''}} quippe regem. et hoc est ‘labor Iliadum’.

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#255|256.]]}} {{sc|'''portendi'''}} porro tendi, praedici, significari.

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#255|257.]]}} {{sc|'''paribvs avspiciis'''}} pari potestate. et tractum est ex comitiis, ut diximus supra.

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#255|259.]]}} {{sc|'''di nostra incepta secvndent'''}} antiquo more locuturus de publicis rebus, id est de pace et nuptiis filiae, facit ante deorum commemorationem, sicut etiam in omnibus Catonis orationibus legimus. hinc est in divinatione Ciceronis “si quid ex aliqua vetere oratione Iovem ego optimum maximum”. ipse etiam Vergilius “praefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto”.

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''avgvrivm'''}} propter ea quae dicta sunt supra. {{sc|'''qvod optas'''}} id est pax.

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#260|261.]]}} {{sc|'''nec sperno'''}} quia dixerat ‘fortunae parva prioris’. et est litotes, id est libenter accipio.

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#260|262.]]}} {{sc|'''vber agri'''}} ubertas: alibi “pecorique et vitibus almis aptius uber erit”. et est maior petitione promissio: nam illi tantum litus petierant.

{{ancora+|266|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#265|266.]]}} {{sc|'''pacis erit'''}} id est foederis: ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit. {{sc|'''tyranni'''}} Graece dixit, id est regis, nam apud eos tyranni et regis nulla discretio est: licet apud nos incubator imperii tyrannus dicatur. declinatur autem etiam haec turannos.

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#265|268.]]}} {{sc|'''est mihi nata'''}} male multi arguunt Vergilium quod Latinum induxit ultro filiam pollicentem, nec oraculum considerantes, quia Italo dari penitus non poterat, nec Aeneae meritum, quem decebat rogari. nam antiquis semper mos fuit meliores generos rogare: sic Terentius “hac fama inpulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit, unicam gnatam suam”. Hesiodus etiam peri gunaikon inducit multas heroidas optasse nuptias virorum fortium.

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#265|269.]]}} {{sc|'''sortes'''}} modo abusive pro oraculis posuit; nam ducuntur sortes, et hic a Fauno oraculum, non sortes acceperat. {{sc|'''plvrima caelo monstra sinvnt'''}} aut per augmentum dixit: aut etiam alia visa intellegamus: nam duo non sunt plurima.

{{ancora+|271|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#270|271.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc latio restare canvnt'''}} hoc Italiam manere significant: nam sic dicimus ‘hoc mihi restat’, id est ‘manet me illa res’.

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#270|273.]]}} {{sc|'''mens avgvrat'''}} ‘auguro’ dicimus secundum Plinium, cum praesagio mentis futura colligimus, ‘auguror’ vero tunc, cum futura veris captamus auguriis.

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#270|274.]]}} {{sc|'''nvmero omni'''}} de trecentis. et perite; nam in legione non nisi trecenti equites erant: quae tamen legio habebat sex milia virorum, per quod ostendit unam habuisse legionem Latinum: unde et alibi “tercentum, scutati omnes, Volscente magistro”.

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''in praesepibvs altis'''}} multa non propter se, sed propter aliud dicuntur: nam per praesepia alta equorum magnitudo monstratur, ut Homerus bathupeplos Helene, id est longas per vestes.

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#275|276.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine'''}} pro meritis singulorum.

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#275|277.]]}} {{sc|'''tapetis'''}} tertio declinatur hoc nomen: ‘tapetum tapeti’, ut ‘templum templi’, unde est ‘his tapetis’ hoc loco: item ‘hoc tapete huius tapetis’, ut ‘sedile sedilis’, unde est “qui forte tapetibus altis exstructus”. declinatur et Graece ho tapes tou tapetos, unde est “pulchrosque tapetas tous tapetas”.

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#275|278.]]}} {{sc|'''demissa monilia pendent'''}} suspendenda pronuntiatio est, et ambitus maior est: nam monilia non nisi hominum dicimus, quae nunc ad laudem pro phaleris posuit.

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#280|282.]]}} {{sc|'''patri qvos daedala circe'''}} ingeniosa. et hoc fingit eam fecisse. tractum autem est de Homero, qui tales equos habuisse inducit Anchisen. et bene est compositum ad illud quod supra ait ‘Troiaeve opulentia derit’, ut Troianis nihil de prisca rerum copia deesse videatur. {{sc|'''gente'''}} autem de equis abusive dixit quod est hominum proprium.

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#280|283.]]}} {{sc|'''nothos'''}} materno ignobiles genere. est autem nomen hoc Graecum, nam latine quemadmodum dicatur non est.

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#280|284.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis donisqve latini'''}} equis et pacis nuptiarumque promissione.

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#285|286.]]}} {{sc|'''inachiis sese referebat ab argis'''}} bene ‘Inachiis’; non enim una est Argos. fuit enim et in Italia, quam Diomedes condidit, quae primo Argi, post Argyrippa, post Arpi dicta est. fuit et in Thessalia: Lucanus “ubi nobile quondam nunc super Argos arant” (6.355). fuit et haud longe ab Athenis, quod a siti Argos dipsion dictum est. apud quos erat magna societas inter eos qui uno puteo utebantur: unde et fratrias dixerunt apo tou phreatos, id est a puteo, quas tribus vocamus. et notandum quod, ubi bonus sequitur eventus Troianos, Iuno removetur: et congrue, quasi numen inimicum, quod praesens posset nocere.

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#285|287.]]}} {{sc|'''avrasqve invecta tenebat'''}} per elementum suum ibat.

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#285|289.]]}} {{sc|'''abvsqve'''}} ‘abusque’ et ‘adusque’ usurpative dicimus: praepositio enim nec adverbio iungitur nec praepositioni, ‘usque’ autem aut praepositio est aut adverbium.

{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''iam fidere terrae'''}} per dativum iungendum, aliter non procedit, ut “et fidere nocti”.

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#290|291.]]}} {{sc|'''stetit'''}} quod solet esse cogitantum.

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#290|293.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis'''}} hoc est voluntatibus.

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''capti potvere capi'''}} cum felle dictum est: nam si hoc removeas, erit oxymorum. dicit autem omnia quae contigerunt, non videri contigisse, quia non obfuerunt. ‘capti’ autem ‘capi’ sic dixit, ut et Cicero “ut in uberrima Siciliae parte Siciliam quaereremus”.

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#295|297.]]}} {{sc|'''at credo mea nvmina tandem'''}} id est nec fatigata destiti, nec satiata requievi.

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#295|299.]]}} {{sc|'''patria excvssos'''}} satis signate locutus est.

{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''me opponere ponto'''}} plus est, quam si diceret tempestates. ‘me’ autem per physiologiam imbres, tonitrua, tempestates.

{{ancora+|302|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#300|302.]]}} {{sc|'''avt scylla mihi'''}} bene ‘mihi’, ac si diceret: etiam quae per suam naturam solent nocere, me rogante minime obfuerunt.

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#300|303.]]}} {{sc|'''condvntvr thybridis alveo'''}} ‘condi’ proprie dicuntur qui sibi statuunt civitatem. ‘conduntur’ ergo sedem stabilem locant: Sallustius “peste conditos orbis terrarum”. et sunt propria verba, quae nulla ratione mutantur, ut sacerdotes creari, virgines capi dicimus.

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#300|304.]]}} {{sc|'''pelagi'''}} propter illud “sed terrae graviora manent”. {{sc|'''mars perdere gentem'''}} bene belli et vastationis quaerit exempla in rebus huius modi, sicut in primo naufragii. Pirithous, Lapitharum rex, cum uxorem duceret, vicinos populos Centauros, etiam sibi cognatos, et deos omnes excepto Marte, ad convivium convocavit: unde iratum numen inmisit furorem, quo Centauri et Lapithae in bella venerunt.

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#305|306.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqvam genitor calydona dianae'''}} Oeneus, Calydonis rex, de primitiis omnibus numinibus sacrificavit, excepta Diana: quae irata aprum inmisit, qui cuncta vastabat, donec a Meleagro occideretur. ‘concessit’ autem ideo dixit, ut ostenderet minora numina, nisi impetraverint, nocere non posse: Statius de Venere “infandum natae concessit honorem”.

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#305|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod scelvs avt lapithis tantvm avt calydone merente'''}} haec est vera lectio, sic et sensus procedit, ut uterque ablativus sit: nam si ‘Calydona’ legas, vitium erit nec sensus procedet. ‘scelus’ autem pro poena posuit, ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, ut “et scelus expendisse merentem”.

{{ancora+|309|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#305|309.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae potvi infelix'''}} id est nocens, irata, ut contra “sis felix”, id est propitia, ut etiam diximus supra.

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#310|311.]]}} {{sc|'''inplorare qvod vsqvam est'''}} ac si diceret, etiam humilia. quod autem Iuno ubique alieno uti introducitur auxilio, physicum est: natura enim aeris per se nihil facit, nisi aliena coniunctione, ventorum scilicet, qui creant nubes et pluvias.

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve moras tantis licet addere rebvs'''}} ostendit deos retardare posse fata, non penitus tollere, ut “decemque alios Priamum superesse per annos”. quae autem dicit etiam a Creusa dicta sunt, ut “regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi”.

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#315|318.]]}} {{sc|'''sangvine troiano et rvtvlo dotabere virgo'''}} ambitiosa execratio est.

{{ancora+|319|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#315|319.]]}} {{sc|'''nec face tantvm'''}} tantummodo.

{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''cisseis'''}} regina Hecuba filia secundum Euripidem Cissei, quem Ennius et Pacuvius et Vergilius sequuntur: nam Homerus Dymantis dicit. haec se facem parere vidit et Parin creavit, qui causa fuit incendii. ergo nunc hoc dicit, talis erit Veneri partus suus: nam sicut per Parin Troia iniuria consumpta est, sic per Aenean reliquiae Troianorum. conparatio autem iniuriosa: nam Veneri Hecubam, Parin Aeneae, Helenam Laviniae conparat. {{sc|'''ivgales'''}} coniugales, matrimonio et sanguine conceptos.

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#320|321.]]}} {{sc|'''idem'''}} talis, similis.

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#320|322.]]}} {{sc|'''fvnestaeqve itervm recidiva in pergama taedae'''}} sic taedae recidivae, ut Pergama.

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#320|324.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctificam allecto'''}} Graecus accusativus est. huius autem declinationis tres tantum casus usurpamus, genetivum, ut Allectus, nominativum et accusativum, ut Allecto.

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#325|327.]]}} {{sc|'''odit et ipse pater plvton'''}} venerationis est ‘pater’: nam furiae Acherontis et Noctis filiae sunt.

{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''his acvit verbis'''}} inritavit et instigavit eius insaniam.

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#330|331.]]}} {{sc|'''proprivm'''}} aut tibi aptum: aut certe perpetuum, indefessum, usque ad finem perducendum. et sciendum ideo furiae nihil pro praemio dari, quia praestatur hoc ipsum furiae ut bella commoveat et ut dicatur defendisse Iunonem.

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#330|332.]]}} {{sc|'''infracta'''}} aut valde fracta: aut quae fuit antehac semper infracta, ut in XII. “Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt”.

{{ancora+|333|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#330|333.]]}} {{sc|'''cedat fama loco'''}} vincatur: Cicero “loco ille motus est, cum est ex urbe depulsus”. {{sc|'''ambire latinvm'''}} amplecti, circumretire. non ob ambitum dixit: nam ‘ambio ad illum’ dicimus, non ‘ambio illum’.

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''tv potes vnanimos'''}} a maiore ad minus.

{{ancora+|336|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#335|336.]]}} {{sc|'''versare'''}} vertere. et usus est frequentativo ad vim augendam.

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#335|337.]]}} {{sc|'''tibi nomina mille'''}} facies, ut “et sine nomine corpus”. ‘mille’ autem secundum Euripidem, in cuius tragoedia dicit furia, se non esse unius potestatis, sed se Fortunam, se Nemesin, se Fatum, se esse Necessitatem. ita dicit etiam Asper.

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#335|338.]]}} {{sc|'''fecvndvm concvte pectvs'''}} plenum pectus malitiae efficacia.

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#335|339.]]}} {{sc|'''compositam pacem'''}} quam supra Latinus dederat. {{sc|'''crimina belli'''}} causas, ut “crimen amor vestrum”.

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#340|341.]]}} {{sc|'''exin'''}} statim, et est ordinis adverbium. {{sc|'''gorgoneis'''}} autem pessimis, saevis, a Gorgone.

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#340|343.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite. bene autem OBSEDIT, quasi quae insidiabatur.

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvraeqve iraeqve coqvebant'''}} perverso ordine respondit; nam ira in Troianos est, cura vero de nuptiis. et primo adventum Teucrorum dixerat. ‘coquebant’ vero macerabant.

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#345|346.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic dea'''}} figura hyperbaton: namque talis est ordo: huic dea unum anguem in sinum conicit et usque ad intima subdit praecordia, quae sunt loca cordi vicina, quibus sensus percipitur. ‘anguem’ autem iniecit partem sui, id est furoris.

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#345|349.]]}} {{sc|'''levia'''}} pulchra.

{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''attactv nvllo'''}} sine morsu, sine sensu. {{sc|'''fallitqve fvrentem'''}} inicit furorem sine accipientis sensu. ‘furentem’ autem ut furore teneatur; nam nondum furebat.

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#350|352.]]}} {{sc|'''taenia vittae'''}} taenia est vittarum extremitas.

{{ancora+|354|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#350|354.]]}} {{sc|'''vdo svblapsa veneno'''}} hypallage in sensu: venenum enim udum dixit, quod est de udo corpore; namque serpentum uda sunt corpora, adeo ut qua eunt, viam umore designent.

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#355|357.]]}} {{sc|'''solito matrvm de more locvta est'''}} nondum ad plenum furebat; unde per muliebrem iracundiam mixta asperitate loquebatur, nam hoc est ‘matrum de more’. nam paulo post vero furore quatietur.

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#355|359.]]}} {{sc|'''exvlibvsne datvr'''}} propter dissuasionem signate loquitur, exules vocans eos qui propria regna repetebant. {{sc|'''dvcenda'''}} abducenda.

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#360|362.]]}} {{sc|'''praedo'''}} quasi piratam dicit hominem diu in mari morantem.

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#360|363.]]}} {{sc|'''at non sic phrygivs'''}} legitur et ‘an non sic’; sed hoc absolutum est. si autem ‘at’ legeris, inceptiva particula est, ad ornatum solum pertinens: Horatius “at o deorum quicquid in caelo regit terras et humanum genus”.

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#365|366.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid consangvineo'''}} filius enim est Veniliae, sororis Amatae.

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#365|367.]]}} {{sc|'''si gener externa petitvr de gente latinis'''}} de qualitate transit ad finem; nam Turnum extraneum esse definire contendit per callidam argumentationem, dicens eum non subiacere imperio Latini, cum oraculum de Latinis omnibus caverit. postea etiam huic argumento alia subvenit argumentatione, Turnum Graecum esse ab Acrisio commemorans. per quod duas res agit latenter: nam dicendo originem considerandam, docet et Turnum Graecum esse ab Inacho et Acrisio, et Aenean Latinum a Dardano.

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#365|368.]]}} {{sc|'''premvnt te ivssa'''}} urgent, in hoc compellunt.

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#370|372.]]}} {{sc|'''inachvs acrisivsqve patres'''}} Danae, Acrisii regis Argivorum filia, postquam est a Iove vitiata, pater eam intra arcam inclusam praecipitavit in mare. quae delata ad Italiam, inventa est a piscatore cum Perseo, quem illic enixa fuerat, et oblata regi, qui eam sibi fecit uxorem, cum qua etiam Ardeam condidit: a quibus Turnum vult originem ducere.

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#375|377.]]}} {{sc|'''sine more fvrit'''}} sine exemplo. an sine modo? et hoc iam contra decus est regium. {{sc|'''lymphata'''}} percussa furore Lympharum, sicut cerritos a Cerere dicimus.

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#375|378.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbo'''}} Catullus ‘hoc turben’ dicit, ut ‘hoc carmen, fulmen’. est autem ‘hic turbo’, unde ‘turbinis’ facit: nam si ‘turbonis’ sit, erit a proprio nomine genetivus, ut Horatius “Turbonis in armis”.

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#380|382.]]}} {{sc|'''inpvbesqve manvs'''}} aut multitudo puerorum: aut a parte totum posuit, ut pro manu puerum ipsum intellegas.

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''simvlato nvmine bacchi'''}} talem patiebatur furorem, ut speraret se Liberi sacra celebrare; non enim ipsa simulabat, quod est sanorum: nam et paulo post dicturus est “Allecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi”.

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#385|388.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo'''}} id est ‘ut’.

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#385|389.]]}} {{sc|'''evhoe bacche'''}} vox bacchantum est.

{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''tibi svmere thyrsos'''}} sumebant. et sunt infiniti pro indicativis.

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#395|396.]]}} {{sc|'''pampineas hastas'''}} pampinis tectas. {{sc|'''incinctae pellibvs'''}} nebridum scilicet.

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#395|397.]]}} {{sc|'''pinvm svstinet'''}} facem pineam, sicut in Liberalibus fiebat.

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#395|398.]]}} {{sc|'''natae tvrniqve canit hymenaeos'''}} hic aperte expressit dementiam: nam cum consecraverit filiam Libero, hymenaeum canit eius ac Turni. hymenaeum autem nunc carmen nuptiale dixit.

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#395|399.]]}} {{sc|'''torvvm'''}} pro ‘torve’. {{sc|'''io'''}} vox clamantis. et est tragicus sermo.

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#400|401.]]}} {{sc|'''piis animis'''}} id est maternis.

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#400|403.]]}} {{sc|'''crinales vittas'''}} quae solarum matronarum erant: nam meretricibus non dabantur.

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#405|406.]]}} {{sc|'''acvisse fvrores'''}} ut supra “quam Iuno his acuit dictis”.

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#405|407.]]}} {{sc|'''consilivmqve omnemqve domvm vertisse latini'''}} quod habuerat, ut filiam dando Aeneae bella removeret, quae significaverat fumus augurii.

{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''acrisioneis danae'''}} patronymicon est, non ‘Acrisioneis colonis’: sola enim venerat, non cum colonis.

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#410|411.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipiti delata noto'''}} intra arcam, ut diximus supra.

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#410|412.]]}} {{sc|'''magnvm tenet ardea nomen'''}} bene adlusit: nam Ardea quasi ardua dicta est, id est magna et nobilis, licet Hyginus in Italicis urbibus ab augurio avis ardeae dictam velit. illud namque Ovidii in metamorphoseos fabulosum est, incensam ab Hannibale Ardeam in hanc avem esse conversam. sciendum tamen ardeam avem kata antiphrasin dictam, quod brevitate pennarum altius non volat: Lucanus “quodque ausa volare ardea sublimis pennae confisa natanti” (5.553).

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#415|416.]]}} {{sc|'''membra exvit'''}} bene ‘exuit’: nam dii cum volunt videri, induunt se corporibus propter mortalium oculos; nam incorporei sunt.

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#415|417.]]}} {{sc|'''albos cvm vitta'''}} id est etiam vittas albas.

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#415|418.]]}} {{sc|'''ramvm innectit olivae'''}} aut coronam accipit: aut ramum inligat vittis, quod aperte in octavo ostendit “et vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos”. supra etiam “praeferimus manibus vittas”.

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#415|419.]]}} {{sc|'''ivnonis anvs templiqve sacerdos'''}} ordo est, ut ‘Iunonis templi anus sacerdos’.

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#420|421.]]}} {{sc|'''fvsos patiere labores'''}} Probus de temporum conexione libellum composuit, in quo docet, quod cui debeat accommodari. ex quo intellegimus hanc quam fecit arduam esse conexionem: nam ‘patiere’ futuri temporis est, ‘fusos’ vero participium est praeteritum. dicit autem: patieris ut tot tui labores fundantur in cassum, id est in irritum cadant? incassum autem tractum est a cassibus, id est a retibus.

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#420|422.]]}} {{sc|'''transcribi'''}} tradi. sermo autem hic tractus est de pecunia, nam ‘scribi’ est dari: Horatius “scribe decem a Nerio: non est satis: adde Cicutae”: ‘rescribi’ vero reddi: Horatius “dictantis quod tu numquam rescribere possis”.

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#420|424.]]}} {{sc|'''qvaeritvr heres'''}} de iure traxit ut non generum, sed heredem diceret: nam per coemptionem facto matrimonio sibi invicem succedebant.

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#425|426.]]}} {{sc|'''tyrrhenas i sterne acies'''}} ut “i, sequere Italiam ventis”. sane notum est bello multum potuisse Tyrrhenos et fuisse praecipue infestos Latinis, ut “hi bellum adsidue ducunt cum gente Latina”.

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#425|427.]]}} {{sc|'''haec adeo tibi me'''}} addit auctoritatem, quia scit anui credi difficile. ‘adeo’ autem, valde scilicet iussit, ut “adulescentem adeo nobilem”.

{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} alacer, festinus; nam laetari non poterat qui perdebat uxorem: sic supra “vela dabant laeti”. {{sc|'''flvmine pvlchro'''}} ut supra “hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno”.

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#430|432.]]}} {{sc|'''caelestvm vis magna ivbet'''}} aut per definitionem ipsa Iuno est vis deorum: aut per augmentum suasit primo per se, deinde per Iunonem, postremo per omnium vim deorum.

{{ancora+|434|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#430|434.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrnvm experiatvr'''}} id est probet contra se, quem pro se probare non potuit.

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''hic ivvenis vatem inridens'''}} caluit, quia iuvenis: Horatius “non ego hoc ferrem calidus iuventa consule Planco”.

{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''victa sitv senectvs'''}} temporis longinquitate, ex qua nascitur situs. {{sc|'''veriqve effeta'''}} cassa veritatis.

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#440|441.]]}} {{sc|'''o mater'''}} inrisionis est, non honoris.

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#440|442.]]}} {{sc|'''falsa formidine'''}} bene ‘falsa’, quia ‘vatem’: namque eam defendebat a bellis si non aetas, saltem religio sacerdotii.

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''exarsit in iras'''}} communis sermo habet ‘ardeo illa re’, sed figuratius ‘ardeo in illam rem’ dicimus: et est specialis Cornelii elocutio.

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#445|446.]]}} {{sc|'''oranti'''}} non roganti, sed loquenti: unde etiam oratores dicimus. {{sc|'''tremor occvpat artvs'''}} vicinitate scilicet furiae: nam tremor furoris est.

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#445|448.]]}} {{sc|'''tantaqve se facies aperit'''}} semoto anili vultu, quem finxerat et quo se induerat: sic supra de Venere “et vera incessu patuit dea”.

{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''geminos erexit crinibvs angves'''}} similes: nam omnes eam dicit erexisse, non duos.

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#450|451.]]}} {{sc|'''verberaqve insonvit'''}} pro ‘verberibus insonuit’, id est per verbera. {{sc|'''rabido ore'''}} habitum futurae orationis ostendit.

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#450|454.]]}} {{sc|'''respice'''}} multi hic distingunt et superioribus iungunt, ut sit sensus: respice eam quam dicis falsa deludi formidine. {{sc|'''ad haec adsvm'''}} id est ad regum arma et ad bella. quomodo ergo dicis, quod superfluo his inserar rebus, ad quas veni? alii ‘respice ad haec’ legunt, ut sit quasi demonstrantis ‘respice, bella et letum gero’.

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#455|456.]]}} {{sc|'''facem ivveni coniecit'''}} satis considerate facem iuveni iniecit, quae cito et exardescit et desinit, supra vero Amatae serpentem iniecit, quod in mulieribus semper viget venenum.

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#455|457.]]}} {{sc|'''atro lvmine'''}} atri luminis taedas, ut “et pulchra faciat te prole parentem”. ‘atro’ autem ‘lumine’ furiali, inferno; alias ratione caret. {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}} ubi fellis locus est, id est iracundiae.

{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''fremit'''}} cum fremitu et clamore deposcit. bene autem ‘amens’, quia in toro requirebat.

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#460|461.]]}} {{sc|'''scelerata insania belli'''}} nihil enim tam insanum, quam desiderare id per quod possis perire.

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#460|463.]]}} {{sc|'''virgea'''}} de virgis facta, unde est flamma validior. {{sc|'''costis'''}} autem lateribus. et bene antiquum respexit morem: nam ollas non suspendebant, sed positis circumcirca ignem adhibebant.

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#460|464.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrit intvs aqvai fvmidvs'''}} id est aquae amnis: nec inmerito; nam potest esse et alterius rei amnis, ut “fluvios videt ille cruoris”. hanc autem diaeresin Tucca et Varius fecerunt: nam Vergilius sic reliquerat “furit intus aquae amnis” et “exuberat amnis”: quod satis asperum fuit. notandum quod in toto Vergilio non reperiuntur nisi quattuor diaereses, hoc loco, et in tertio, ut “aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi”, et in VI. ut “aurai simplicis ignem”, et in IX. “dives pictai vestis et auri”.

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#465|466.]]}} {{sc|'''nec iam se capit vnda'''}} melius quam si diceret ‘nec iam vas undam capit’.

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#465|467.]]}} {{sc|'''ergo'''}} id est quia sic incensus est. {{sc|'''pollvta pace'''}} vel sua, vel Troianorum.

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#465|468.]]}} {{sc|'''indicit'''}} signate verbum bellicum posuit.

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#470|471.]]}} {{sc|'''in vota vocavit'''}} quia nuncupatis votis bella sumebant.

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#470|473.]]}} {{sc|'''hvnc decvs egregivm formae movet'''}} Turni scilicet decus; nam hoc dicit: alios pulchritudo Turni, alios nobilitas, alios virtus movebat ad bellum. nam hoc est ‘animis audacibus implet’, id est fortibus, adfectione sui inicit omnibus magnanimitatem. quidam haec ad singulos, qui se in arma hortabantur, referri volunt.

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#475|477.]]}} {{sc|'''arte nova'''}} dolo. {{sc|'''specvlata locvm qvo litore'''}} pronomen pro nomine ponitur, non pro nominibus: unde modo nove inter duo nomina unum pronomen posuit; nam recte ‘quo loco’ diceret. et hoc semel tantum fecit.

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#475|478.]]}} {{sc|'''insidiis cvrsvqve'''}} cursu agitabat: nam insidiis circumvenimus, non agitamus.

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#475|479.]]}} {{sc|'''canibvs rabiem'''}} studium mutavit in rabiem.

{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''noto odore'''}} cervino, solent enim ita institui: Horatius “venaticus ex quo cervinam catulus pellem latravit in aula”.

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#480|481.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae prima laborvm cavsa fvit'''}} hoc est “et primae revocabo exordia pugnae”.

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#480|482.]]}} {{sc|'''animos agrestes'''}} plus est, quam si ‘agrestium’ diceret ‘animos’.

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#480|483.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs ingens'''}} ‘ingens’ et ad praestantem formam pertinet et ad magnitudinem cornuum.

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#480|484.]]}} {{sc|'''tyrrhidae pveri'''}} Tyrrhi filii. et ut diximus supra, adludit ad nomen: nam Tyrrhus dictus est pastor, apud quem Lavinia peperit.

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi regia parent armenta'''}} magistrum hunc pecoris vult fuisse et saltuarium: nam hoc est ‘et late custodia credita campi’. magister autem pecoris est ad quem omnia pertinent animalia: Cicero “nominat hominem, quem magistrum pecoris esse dicebat”.

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#485|487.]]}} {{sc|'''silvia'''}} bonum puellae rusticae nomen formavit.

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#485|489.]]}} {{sc|'''pectebatqve fervm'''}} quadrupedem, ut “in latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvum”.

{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''manvm patiens'''}} ‘patiens illius rei’ dicimus, unde apparet unum ‘u’ causa metri esse detractum. {{sc|'''mensae erili'''}} nove dixit, nam erum non nisi dominum dicimus: nisi forte ideo dixit, quia dat ei humanum sensum; nam ait paulo post “imploranti similis”.

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#490|491.]]}} {{sc|'''errabat silvis'''}} pascebatur, ut “mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae”. {{sc|'''ipse'''}} id est sua sponte.

{{ancora+|494|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#490|494.]]}} {{sc|'''secvndo deflveret'''}} ‘secundo’ id est cum aqua, unde et ‘adverso’ dicimus contra aquam: nam ideo ‘deflueret’ dixit, et ‘secundo’ ideo, quia cursus fluminis post natantem videtur.

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#495|498.]]}} {{sc|'''devs afvit'''}} Allecto deum dicit, sicut de Venere “descendo ac ducente deo”: nam ut diximus, numina utriusque sexus videntur ideo, quia incorporea sunt et quod volunt adsumunt corpus. hoc autem non aperte ponitur, sed in subauditione. {{sc|'''erranti'''}} licet enim certum esset feritura, tamen bene ‘errantem’ dixit, quia non usquequaque semper certus est ictus: Horatius “nec semper feriet quodcumque minabitur arcus”.

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#495|499.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve ilia'''}} ‘hoc ile’ et ‘haec ilia’ facit: hinc et Iuvenalis “vis frater ab ipsis ilibus?” nam quod Marullus mimographus dixit “tu Hectorem imitaris: ab ilio numquam recedis”, cum de guloso diceret, adlusit ad civitatis nomen; nam ‘ab ili’ debuit dicere. bene autem ea loca vulnerata dicit quae statim mortem adferre non possent, ut domum rediret et esset causa bellorum: nam si statim periret, aut ipse aut vulneris auctor laterent.

{{ancora+|503|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#500|503.]]}} {{sc|'''silvia prima soror'''}} bene puellae dat doloris inpatientiam.

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#500|504.]]}} {{sc|'''dvros conclamat agrestes'''}} aut qui semper duri sunt: aut ‘duros’, qui cervi interitum non dolebant.

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''pestis'''}} furia. {{sc|'''torre'''}} ‘hic torris’ facit, ut ‘hic fustis’.

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#505|507.]]}} {{sc|'''gravidi'''}} gravis, propter nodos scilicet.

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#505|509.]]}} {{sc|'''qvadrifidam'''}} quae findi partes posset in quattuor. {{sc|'''cvneis coactis'''}} satis signate ‘coactis’ dixit. exprimit autem antiquum morem, ut “sed primi cuneis scindebant fissile lignum”.

{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#510|512.]]}} {{sc|'''de cvlmine svmmo'''}} bene ‘culmine’, quia de tectis agrestium loquitur.

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#510|514.]]}} {{sc|'''tartaream'''}} aut terribilem, aut fortem secundum usum dixit.

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''nemvs'''}} locus haud longe ab Aricia, in quo lacus est, qui speculum Dianae dicitur. et notandum quia vocem eius paulatim facit procedere, quod locorum indicat commemoratio.

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#515|516.]]}} {{sc|'''triviae lacvs'''}} hic est qui Dianae speculum dicitur.

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#515|517.]]}} {{sc|'''svlphvrea nar albvs aqva'''}} in LX. Flaminiae est civitas Narnia in montibus posita, quibus subest Nar fluvius, qui Tiberino coniungitur. ideo autem dicit ‘sulphurea Nar albus aqua’, quia dum currit, est sulphurei coloris, dum hauritur, albi. et Sabini lingua sua nar dicunt sulphur. ergo hunc fluvium ideo dicunt esse Nar appellatum, quod odore sulphureo nares contingat, sive quod in modum narium geminos habeat exitus. {{sc|'''fontesqve velini'''}} ultra Interamnam sunt. nam ut diximus, vox furiae paulatim processit.

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#515|518.]]}} {{sc|'''pressere ad pectora natos'''}} Statius “pressitque Palaemona mater”, item e contra “nec natos ausae deponere matres”.

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#515|519.]]}} {{sc|'''ad vocem'''}} bucinae, ut “sensit et ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit”: nam quicumque sonus dici vox potest.

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#520|522.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilivm castris effvndit apertis'''}} id est ipsa in auxilium effunditur.

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#520|523.]]}} {{sc|'''direxere acies'''}} ordinarunt in latitudinem.

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#520|524.]]}} {{sc|'''praevstis'''}} ‘prae’ brevis fit propter sequentem vocalem: quod in una parte orationis factum tolerabile est, quia compositus est sermo.

{{ancora+|525|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#525|525.]]}} {{sc|'''ferro ancipiti'''}} id est utrimque noxio. dicit autem aut gladios, aut bipennes.

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#525|526.]]}} {{sc|'''seges'''}} terra modo, ut “quid faciat laetas segetes”. per ‘atram’ vero fertilem significat, ut ostenditur in georgicis.

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#525|527.]]}} {{sc|'''sole lacessita'''}} naturale enim est ut metallorum splendor plus fulgeat alia luce percussus.

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#525|529.]]}} {{sc|'''pavlatim sese tollit mare'''}} sic bella dicit surrexisse paulatim, sicut ventis flantibus sensim mare turgescit.

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#530|531.]]}} {{sc|'''hic ivvenis'''}} confundit nomina: nam et puerum et iuvenem nonnumquam indiscrete ponit Vergilius, ut hoc loco; nam Almonem, quem modo iuvenem dicit, paulo post ait puerum, ut “Almonem puerum”. movet autem miserationem ab aetate cum dicit ‘iuvenis’, a virtute dicendo ‘primam ante aciem’; movet a dignitate, ut ‘natorum Tyrrhi fuerat qui maximus Almo’; a vulneris etiam crudelitate cum dixit ‘haesit sub gutture vulnus’.

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#530|532.]]}} {{sc|'''almo'''}} bene rustici nomen usurpavit a fluvio.

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#530|533.]]}} {{sc|'''haesit enim svb gvttvre vvlnvs'''}} id est sagitta, ut “illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus insequitur”. {{sc|'''vdae vocis iter'''}} hoc est ‘udum iter vocis’; non enim vox uda est, sed per udam arteriarum labitur viam: unde in febrientibus deficit.

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''corpora mvlta virvm circa'''}} constrata sunt. et rhetorice viles trudit in medium, nobiles vero primo et ultimo commemorat loco.

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#535|536.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm paci medivm se offert'''}} nam quid senex bellis intererat?

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#535|537.]]}} {{sc|'''olim ditissimvs arvis'''}} secundum antiquum morem: Horatius “dives antiquo censu”.

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#535|538.]]}} {{sc|'''qvina redibant armenta'''}} pro ‘quinque’, sicut ‘bina’.

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#535|539.]]}} {{sc|'''terram centvm vertebat aratris'''}} duo dixit a Catone memorata, qui interrogatus qui esset paterfamilias, respondit eum, qui bene pascit et bene arat.

{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''aeqvo dvm marte'''}} aperta contentione, bello manifesto; sic enim dicimus. nam ‘aequo’ aequali non possumus accipere, cum soli interempti sint Itali.

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#540|541.]]}} {{sc|'''promissi dea facta potens'''}} honesta elocutio ‘potens promissi’. promisisse autem eam per consensionem intellegimus: nam non promisit.

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#540|542.]]}} {{sc|'''imbvit'''}} initiavit. et bene ‘sanguine’: nam potest bellum et a discordia vel a dissensione inchoare.

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#540|543.]]}} {{sc|'''et caeli convexa per avras'''}} Probus, Asper, Donatus dicunt, hoc loco ‘per’ bis accipiendum, ut ‘adloquitur Iunonem per caeli convexa et per auras’. potest tamen esse epexegesis ‘per auras, id est caeli convexa’: nec enim aliud sunt aurae. dicit etiam quidam commentarius — Firmiani — ‘convecta’ legendum, ut sit ipsa convecta: quod difficile in exemplaribus invenitur.

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#540|544.]]}} {{sc|'''victrix'''}} voti compos. {{sc|'''adfatvr'''}} iam cum superbia. bene autem ei in principio denegavit orationem, quasi ad scelera festinanti: quam modo tribuit post bella iam coepta.

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''bello discordia tristi'''}} Iuno enim belli poposcerat semina, haec ipsa etiam bella perfecit.

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#545|546.]]}} {{sc|'''dic in amicitiam coeant'''}} ac si diceret: ita bella commovi, ut ne tuo quidem imperio possint in pacem redire. et hoc est quod dixit ‘adfatur voce superba’. alii dicunt: ego inter hos bella commisi, tu vicinos populos foederibus iunge et partibus Turni et Aeneae favere compelle: quod tamen, si vis, ego faciam; ut hinc sit ‘ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, ipsa regam’.

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#545|548.]]}} {{sc|'''certa volvntas'''}} si tua in hoc consentit auctoritas.

{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''insani martis amore'''}} Homeri epitheton.

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#550|551.]]}} {{sc|'''spargam arma'''}} meminit sui: nam supra dixit “sere crimina belli”.

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#550|552.]]}} {{sc|'''terrorvm et fravdis abvnde est'''}} terror est ex morte tot hominum, fraus vero ex cervi vulneratione.

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#550|553.]]}} {{sc|'''stant belli cavsae'''}} manifestae sunt, vel placent, ut “stat conferre manum”.

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#555|556.]]}} {{sc|'''egregivm veneris genvs'''}} eironikos dictum est, ut alibi “egregiam vero laudem et spolia ampla refertis”. {{sc|'''ipse latinvs'''}} ac si diceret, quem Aeneae causa cogor odisse: unde et Amatae nulla fit mentio, quae est Troianis inimica. Urbanus tamen totum hunc locum per interrogationem accipit ‘terrorum et fraudis abunde est? stant belli causae'? ut quasi per gratulationem non credat, sicut illud Terentii “quia plus cupio, minus credo”.

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#555|557.]]}} {{sc|'''svper aetherias'''}} quia dixerat ‘caeli convexa per auras’.

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#560|561.]]}} {{sc|'''attollit alas'''}} honesta volantis periphrasis.

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#560|563.]]}} {{sc|'''italiae medio'''}} hunc locum umbilicum Italiae chorographi dicunt. est autem in latere Campaniae et Apuliae, ubi Hirpini sunt, et habet aquas sulphureas, ideo graviores, quia ambitur silvis. ideo autem ibi aditus esse dicitur inferorum, quod gravis odor iuxta accedentes necat, adeo ut victimae circa hunc locum non immolarentur, sed odore perirent ad aquam adplicatae. et hoc erat genus litationis. sciendum sane Varronem enumerare quot loca in Italia sint huius modi: unde etiam Donatus dicit Lucaniae esse qui describitur locus, circa fluvium qui Calor vocatur: quod ideo non procedit, quia ait ‘Italiae medio’. {{sc|'''svb montibvs altis'''}} hoc nisi ad totam Italiam referas, non procedit: ut sit, est in vallibus Italiae montuosae: nam in hoc loco montes penitus non sunt.

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#560|564.]]}} {{sc|'''nobilis'''}} notus, quod et sequentia indicant.

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''amsancti valles'''}} loci amsancti, id est omni parte sancti: quem dicit et silvis cinctum et fragoso fluvio torrente.

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#565|568.]]}} {{sc|'''hic specvs horrendvm'''}} hoc nomen apud maiores trium generum fuit. Ennius feminino posuit, Horatius masculino “quae nemora aut quos agor in specus”, Vergilius neutro, quod hodie in numero singulari tribus tantum utimur casibus ‘hoc specus, huius specus, o specus’. nam pluralem tantum a genere masculino habemus in omnibus casibus: hinc est “ipsi in defossis specubus”. quamquam antiqui codices habeant ‘hic specus horrendus’. {{sc|'''spiracvla ditis'''}} aditus, a spirando. antiqui codices ‘piracula’ habent, quae dicta sunt apo ton peraton, hoc est a finibus inferorum.

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#565|569.]]}} {{sc|'''vorago'''}} Acherontis exaestuatio.

{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''condita erinys'''}} recepta, alii ‘condit’ legunt et ‘se’ subaudiunt.

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#570|571.]]}} {{sc|'''caelvmqve levabat'''}} relevabat, recreabat.

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#570|572.]]}} {{sc|'''extremam satvrnia bello imponit regina manvm'''}} quod superest perficit. et est translatio a pictura, quam manus complet et ornat extrema.

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''foedati'''}} cruentati.

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#575|576.]]}} {{sc|'''implorantqve deos'''}} ad auxilium et ultionem. {{sc|'''obtestantvrqve latinvm'''}} propter caedem factam testem adhibent, et dicunt auctores rupti foederis esse Troianos, cum ipsi pacis iura temerarint.

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#575|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et igni'''}} ipso fervore seditionis.

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#575|578.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcros in regna vocari'''}} subaudis ‘dicit’. ‘Teucros’ autem iniuriose, ac si diceret ‘exules ac perfidos’.

{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''attonitae baccho'''}} veluti Baccho: furia enim agebantur. et sic est dictum, ut “at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon”. {{sc|'''nemora avia'''}} per nemora.

{{ancora+|581|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#580|581.]]}} {{sc|'''thiasis'''}} choreis. {{sc|'''neqve enim leve nomen amatae'''}} Iuvenalis “quae non faciet quod principis uxor?”

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#580|582.]]}} {{sc|'''martemqve fatigant'''}} proelium cum clamore deposcunt.

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#580|583.]]}} {{sc|'''contra omina'''}} facta superius de Lavinia.

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#580|584.]]}} {{sc|'''fata devm'''}} propter oraculum Fauni. {{sc|'''perverso'''}} irato.

{{ancora+|586|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#585|586.]]}} {{sc|'''velvt pelagi rvpes'''}} cum Cicero seditionem fluctibus comparaverit, ut “in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum”, bene Vergilius eum qui resistit seditioni, rupem vocavit.

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#585|589.]]}} {{sc|'''mole tenet'''}} hic distinguendum, ut ‘scopuli’ nominativus pluralis sit.

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#590|591.]]}} {{sc|'''caecvm consilivm'''}} fremitui populi bonum nomen inposuit.

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#590|594.]]}} {{sc|'''frangimvr'''}} permansit in rupis translatione.

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''sacrilego sangvine'''}} quia bellum sumebant contra voluntatem deorum.

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#595|597.]]}} {{sc|'''votisqve deos venerabere seris'''}} quia religio rigida dicit semel male commissa nulla ratione revocari: Horatius “dira detestatio nulla expiatur victima”.

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#595|598.]]}} {{sc|'''parta qvies'''}} scilicet vicinae mortis beneficio. {{sc|'''in limine portvs'''}} securitas omnis in promptu est.

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#595|599.]]}} {{sc|'''fvnere felici spolior'''}} exequiis tantum regalibus careo.

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#600|601.]]}} {{sc|'''mos erat'''}} Varro vult morem esse communem consensum omnium simul habitantium, qui inveteratus consuetudinem facit. {{sc|'''hesperio in latio'''}} hoc est in antiquo: nam, ut in primo diximus, duo Latia fuerunt, unde non frustra ‘Hesperio’ addidit. quod autem dicit hanc consuetudinem antiquam fuisse, falsum est; nam a Numa Pompilio primum instituta est. sed carmini suo, ut solet, miscet historiam. notandum sane inconexum esse hunc locum, si quis totius libri consideret textum; nam supra ait “longa placidas in pace regebat”, item dicturus est “ardet inexcita Ausonia atque inmobilis ante”, et nunc dicit ‘mos erat Hesperio in Latio’, supra etiam dixit “captivi pendent currus”, item “Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies”. quae ne sint contraria, accipiamus Italiam primo caluisse bellis, medio tempore quievisse, et ad antiquum studium nunc reverti, sicut Romani bello flagravere sub Romulo, quievere sub Numa, sub Tullo Hostilio pristina studia repetiverunt. hinc est quod et ipse Vergilius ait ‘longa placidas in pace regebat’, non perpetua, item “desuetaque bello agmina in arma vocat subito ferrumque retractat”: nam retractare est repetere quod omiseras. tale aliquid dicit de genere Sullano Sallustius: nam volens ostendere antiquos maiores eius consulares fuisse, vicinos vero ignavissimos, Sullam autem florentissimum, ait “igitur Sulla patriciae gentis fuit, familia iam extincta maiorum ignavia”. {{sc|'''qvem protinvs'''}} iugiter, deinde: nam nunc temporis est adverbium, alibi loci, ut “cum protinus utraque tellus una foret”.

{{ancora+|602|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#600|602.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima rervm roma'''}} imperii potita.

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#600|603.]]}} {{sc|'''movent in proelia martem'''}} nam moris fuerat indicto bello in Martis sacrario ancilia commovere, unde est in octavo “utque inpulit arma”.

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#600|604.]]}} {{sc|'''lacrimabile bellvm'''}} poludakrun area. Getarum fera gens etiam apud maiores fuit: nam ipsi sunt Mysi, quos Sallustius a Lucullo dicit esse superatos.

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''hyrcanisve'''}} gens est dicta a silva Hyrcania, ubi sunt tigres. {{sc|'''arabisve parant'''}} venit ab eo quod est ‘hic Arabus’ — nam ab eo quod est ‘hic Arabs, ab hoc Arabe’, ‘Arabibus’ facit — sicut ‘Hiberus’, unde est in Lucano “occurrat Hiberis alter” (2.54), et ‘Hiber’, ut Horatius “discet Hiber Rhodanique potor”. item lectum est ‘Aethiopus’, sed tantum ‘Aethiops’ dicimus.

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#605|606.]]}} {{sc|'''avroramqve seqvi'''}} ingenti ambitu dixit ipsum ortum diei pro populis. {{sc|'''parthosqve reposcere signa'''}} hoc in honorem Augusti posuit, quo regnante a Parthis repetita sunt signa, quae Crassus triumvir perdiderat. qui cum aviditate sua contra auspicia bellum suscepisset, interdicentibus tribunis plebis, captus cum filio est et necatus infuso in os auro, cuius amore pugnaverat.

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#605|607.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt geminae belli portae'''}} sacrarium hoc, id est belli portas Numa Pompilius fecerat circa imum Argiletum iuxta theatrum Marcelli. quod fuit in duobus brevissimis templis: duobus autem propter Ianum bifrontem. postea captis Faleriis, civitate Tusciae, inventum est simulacrum Iani cum frontibus quattuor. unde quod Numa instituerat translatum est ad forum transitorium et quattuor portarum unum templum est institutum. Ianum sane apud aliquos bifrontem, apud aliquos quadrifrontem esse non mirum est: nam alii eum diei dominum volunt, in quo ortus est et occasus — Horatius “matutine pater, seu Iane libentius audis” — alii anni totius, quem in quattuor tempora constat esse divisum. anni autem esse deum illa res probat, quod ab eo prima pars anni nominatur: nam ab Iano Ianuarius dictus est.

{{ancora+|608|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#605|608.]]}} {{sc|'''religione sacrae'''}} tremendae, execrabiles: nam et paulo post dicturus est “tristesque recludere portas”.

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#605|609.]]}} {{sc|'''ferri robora'''}} bene addidit ‘ferri’: nam omne quod forte est, robur vocamus.

{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''ianvs'''}} quidam ianum Eanum dicunt ab eundo; eumque esse Martem; et quod apud Romanos plurimum potest, ideo primum in veneratione nominari. alii Ianum aerem credunt; et quia vocis genitor habeatur, idcirco mandari ei preces nostras ad deos perferendas. alii Ianum mundum accipiunt, cuius caulae ideo in pace clausae sunt, quod mundus undique clausus est, belli tempore aperiuntur, ad auxilium petendum ut pateant. nam quasi mundo ei duas facies dederunt, orientis et occidentis, quod iam supra dictum est: alii quattuor secundum quattuor partes mundi. alii Clusivium dicunt, alii Patulcium, quod patendarum portarum habeat potestatem. idem Iunonius; inde pulchre Iuno portas aperire inducitur. idem Quirinus, unde trabeatum consulem aperire portas dicunt, eo habitu quo Quirinus fuit.

{{ancora+|612|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#610|612.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse qvirinali trabea'''}} Suetonius in libro de genere vestium dicit tria genera esse trabearum: unum dis sacratum, quod est tantum de purpura; aliud regum, quod est purpureum, habet tamen album aliquid; tertium augurale de purpura et cocco. ‘Quirinali’ ergo regali. {{sc|'''cinctvqve gabino'''}} ‘Gabinus cinctus’ est toga sic in tergum reiecta, ut una eius lacinia a tergo revocata hominem cingat. hoc autem vestimenti genere veteres Latini, cum necdum arma haberent, praecinctis togis bellabant: unde etiam milites in procinctu esse dicuntur. hoc rursus utebatur consul bella indicturus ideo quia, cum Gabii, Campaniae civitas, sacris operaretur, bellum subito evenit: tunc cives cincti togis suis ab aris ad bella profecti sunt et adepti victoriam: unde hic ortus est mos.

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#610|613.]]}} {{sc|'''insignis reserat stridentia limina consvl'''}} insignem accipe primo loco creatum, licet similem habeat potestatem.

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#610|614.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse vocat pvgnas'''}} tria sunt, ut supra diximus, militiae genera: sacramentum, in quo iurat unusquisque miles se non recedere, nisi praecepto consulis post completa stipendia, id est militiae tempora; coniuratio, quae fit in tumultu, id est Italico bello et Gallico, quando vicinum urbis periculum singulos iurare non patitur, ut inter Fabios fuit; evocatio, quod genus nunc tangit. nam ad subitum bellum evocabantur, unde etiam consul solebat dicere ‘qui rem publicam salvam esse vult me sequatur’.

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''conspirant cornva'''}} nam et tubae simul inflabantur.

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#615|619.]]}} {{sc|'''foeda ministeria'''}} cruenta, more suo.

{{ancora+|620|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#620|620.]]}} {{sc|'''morantes'''}} scilicet bella, differentes.

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#620|622.]]}} {{sc|'''rvpit satvrnia postes'''}} acyrologiam fecit commutando Ennii versum: nam ille ait “belli ferratos postes portasque refregit”.

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#620|623.]]}} {{sc|'''inmobilis ante'''}} non semper, sed antehac. potest tamen et ‘inmobilis a furia’: nam ante gessit bella, sed iure indicta per fetiales et per patrem patratum.

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#625|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tergent'''}} ab eo quod est ‘tergeo’ venit, et ‘tergunt’ a ‘tergo tergis’, quod de usu penitus recessit.

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#625|627.]]}} {{sc|'''arvina'''}} secundum Suetonium in libro de vitiis corporalibus arvina est durum pingue, quod est inter cutem et viscus. alii arvinam nomine lardum dicunt.

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#625|629.]]}} {{sc|'''adeo magnae'''}} valde magnae, ut Terentius “adulescentem adeo nobilem”.

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''atina potens'''}} civitas haec est iuxta Pomptinas paludes, dicta Atina a morbis, qui Graece atai dicuntur, quos paludis vicinitas creat. {{sc|'''tibvrqve svperbvm'''}} aut nobile: aut per transitum tetigit illud quod aliquando cum a senatu auxilia poscerent Tiburtes sub commemoratione beneficiorum a se populo Romano praebitorum, hoc tantum a senatu responsum acceperunt ‘superbi estis’.

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#630|631.]]}} {{sc|'''crvstvmeriqve'''}} mutavit: nam Crustumerium dicitur. Cassius Hemina tradidit, Siculum quendam nomine uxoris suae Clytemestrae condidisse Clytemestrum, mox corrupto nomine Crustumerium dictum. alii volunt a crustula panis, quam Troiani coacti fame exedisse dicuntur, appellatum. {{sc|'''tvrrigerae antemnae'''}} bene muratae. Antemnae autem dictae sunt, quod eas amnis praeterfluit, quasi ante amnem positae.

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#630|632.]]}} {{sc|'''salignas vmbonvm crates'''}} ut dicit Sallustius de Lucanis “qui de vimine facta scuta coriis tegebant”.

{{ancora+|633|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#630|633.]]}} {{sc|'''thoracas aenos'''}} bene ‘thoracas’; nam apud maiores loricae pectora tantum tegebant: Statius “triplici servantur pectora ferro: pectora, nam tergo nullus metus”.

{{ancora+|634|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#630|634.]]}} {{sc|'''lento dvcvnt argento'''}} flexili argento ducunt, id est extendunt. est autem spondiazon et reciprocus versus.

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#635|637.]]}} {{sc|'''classica iamqve sonant'''}} bene posuit amphiboliam: nam classicum dicimus et tubam ipsam et sonum. classicum autem est flexilis tuba. {{sc|'''tessera signvm'''}} symbolum bellicum, quod ad pugnam exeuntibus datur, scilicet propter confusionem, ut fuit in bello Marii †bardeus, in Sullae Apollo Delphicus, in Caesaris Venus Genetrix.

{{ancora+|638|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#635|638.]]}} {{sc|'''trepidvs'''}} festinus, more suo.

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''loricam indvitvr'''}} dicimus et ‘induor illa re’ et ‘illam rem’.

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#640|641.]]}} {{sc|'''helicona deae'''}} Parnasus, mons Thessaliae, dividitur in Cithaeronem Liberi et Heliconem Apollinis, cuius sunt Musae. est autem Homeri versus. {{sc|'''movete'''}} legitur et ‘monete’.

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#640|644.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs arserit armis'''}} aut splenduerit: aut amore flagraverit.

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#645|647.]]}} {{sc|'''primvs init bellvm'''}} non mirum si sacrilegus et contemptor deorum contra piam gentem prior arma corripuit. et scienda est poetae adfectatio — nam ablepsiam nefas est dicere — hic enim aliquos commemorat, quos in bello non invenis, item in sequentibus aliquos invenimus, quorum hic nullam fecit commemorationem. {{sc|'''tyrrhenis asper ab oris'''}} oriundo Tuscus, non qui nunc de Tuscia venit, quem antea pulsum a civibus constat.

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#645|648.]]}} {{sc|'''agminaqve armat'''}} aut eorum, qui eum secuti fuerant, sicut eius filius: nec enim credibile est solum fugisse — nam et Statius dicit “vel quos movet exul et haesit tristibus aucta fides” — aut certe eorum, quos Turnus dederat, ut Adrastus Polynici in Statio, qui ait “ne parva movens inglorius arma iret”.

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#650|652.]]}} {{sc|'''agyllina ex vrbe'''}} de Caere oppido. {{sc|'''neqviqvam'''}} quia in proelio periit nec patrium recepit imperium.

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#650|653.]]}} {{sc|'''patriis qvi laetior esset imperiis'''}} dignus qui haberet imperatorem potius, quam exulem patrem.

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#655|656.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchro'''}} forti, ut diximus supra.

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#655|657.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlcher aventinvs'''}} Aventinus mons urbis Romae est, quem constat ab avibus esse nominatum, quae de Tiberi ascendentes illic sedebant, ut in octavo legimus “dirarum nidis domus opportuna volucrum”. quidam etiam rex Aboriginum, Aventinus nomine, illic et occisus et sepultus est, sicut etiam Albanorum rex Aventinus, cui successit Procas. Varro tamen dicit in gente populi Romani, Sabinos a Romulo susceptos istum accepisse montem, quem ab Avente, fluvio provinciae suae, Aventinum appellaverunt. constat ergo varias has opiniones postea secutas, nam a principio Aventinus est dictus ab avibus vel a rege Aboriginum: unde hunc Herculis filium constat nomen a monte accepisse, non ei praestitisse. {{sc|'''insigne paternvm'''}} absolute dixit.

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#655|658.]]}} {{sc|'''centvm angves'''}} secundum Simonidem, ut diximus supra; nam alii dicunt novem fuisse.

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#655|659.]]}} {{sc|'''collis aventini silva'''}} in silva collis Aventini. et dicendo ‘Aventini’ ostendit iam antea ita esse nominatum. {{sc|'''rhea sacerdos'''}} adludit ad nomen matris Romuli, quae dicta est Ilia, Rhea Silvia.

{{ancora+|660|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#660|660.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrtivvm'''}} inlicite conceptum, quippe a sacerdote: sic ait “et dulcia furta”.

{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#660|661.]]}} {{sc|'''mixta deo'''}} mikhtheisa, Graece dixit. {{sc|'''mvlier'''}} compendiose mortalem dixit: consequens namque fuerat ut diceret ‘mixta deo mortalis’. {{sc|'''lavrentia arva'''}} Laurentum civitas plurimum potuit, nam omnia vicina loca eius imperio subiacuerunt: unde nunc ait ‘arva Laurentia’, cum iuxta Tiberim armenta Hercules paverit. sed secundum antiquum situm, ante Albam et Romam, Tiberis Laurentini fuit territorii.

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#660|662.]]}} {{sc|'''geryone'''}} Geryones rex fuit Hispaniae. qui ideo trimembris fingitur, quia tribus insulis praefuit, quae adiacent Hispaniae: Baliaricae minori et maiori et Ebuso. fingitur etiam bicipitem canem habuisse, quia et terrestri et navali certamine plurimum potuit. hunc Hercules vicit. qui ideo fingitur ad eum olla aerea transvectus, quod habuit navem fortem et aere munitam. hunc Geryonem alii Tartessiorum regem dicunt fuisse et habuisse armenta pulcherrima, quae Hercules occiso eo abduxit. de cuius sanguine dicitur arbor nata, quae Vergiliarum tempore poma in modum cerasi sine ossibus ferat. sane sciendum declinari ‘hic Geryones, huius Geryonae’ — unde est “tergemini nece Geryonae” — ut ‘Anchises Anchisae’: unde usurpavit Sallustius ‘Geryonis’ dicens. veniens autem Hercules de Hispania per Campaniam in quadam Campaniae civitate pompam triumphi sui exhibuit: unde Pompei dicitur civitas. postea iuxta Baias caulam bubus fecit et eam saepsit: qui locus Boaulia dictus est, nam hodie Bauli vocatur. {{sc|'''tirynthivs'''}} a Tirynthe civitate Argis vicina, in qua nutritus est Hercules.

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#660|663.]]}} {{sc|'''tyrrhenoqve boves in flvmine lavit hiberas'''}} admiratio locorum longinquitate.

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#660|664.]]}} {{sc|'''pila manv'''}} pilum proprie est hasta Romana, ut gaesa Gallorum, sarissae Macedonum. {{sc|'''dolones'''}} dolo est aut flagellum, intra cuius virgam latet pugio: aut secundum Varronem ingens contus cum ferro brevissimo. dolones autem a fallendo dicti sunt, quod decipiant ferro, cum speciem praeferant ligni. et multi volunt per teretes mucrones ‘dolones’ dici, per veru Sabellum ‘pila’ significari.

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#665|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse pedes'''}} ad genus respicit: nam et Hercules pedes semper incessit, cum equos habuerit nobilissimos. {{sc|'''torqvens'''}} sustinens, ut “axem humero torquet”.

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#665|669.]]}} {{sc|'''horridvs'''}} tremendus, non re vera horribilis.

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''tibvrtia moenia linqvvnt'''}} de Graecia tres fratres venerunt ad Italiam, Catillus, Coras, Tibur vel Tiburnus. hi simul omnes unam fecere civitatem et eam de fratris maioris nomine Tibur appellaverunt: licet et alias fecerint singuli. nunc ergo dicit duos ad bella venisse, dimisso in civitate ad custodiam Tiburte vel Tiburno.

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#670|672.]]}} {{sc|'''catillvs'''}} unde mons Catilli, quem Catelli dicunt per corruptionem, iuxta Tibur. {{sc|'''coras'''}} a cuius nomine est civitas in Italia.

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''descendvnt centavri'''}} ex hac comparatione equites eos fuisse intellegimus, quod tamen dicturus est postea “nec non celeresque Latini et cum fratre Coras et virginis ala Camillae”. {{sc|'''homolen othrymqve nivalem'''}} montes Thessaliae.

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#675|677.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens silva locvm et magno cedvnt virgvlta fragore'''}} defectus ‘cedit silva, cedunt et virgulta fragore’, cum utique a minore ad maius venire debuerit.

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#675|678.]]}} {{sc|'''nec praenestinae fvndator defvit vrbis'''}} de civitatibus totius orbis multi quidem ex parte scripserunt, ad plenum tamen Ptolomaeus Graece, latine Plinius. de Italicis etiam urbibus Hyginus plenissime scripsit, et Cato in originibus. apud omnes tamen si diligenter advertas, de auctoribus conditarum urbium dissensio invenitur, adeo ut ne urbis quidem Romae origo possit diligenter agnosci. nam Sallustius dicit “urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Troiani et cum his Aborigines”; alii dicunt ab Euandro, secundum quos Vergilius “tunc rex Euandrus Romanae conditor arcis”; alii a Romulo, ut “en huius nate auspiciis illa inclita Roma”. si igitur tantae civitatis certa ratio non apparet, non mirum si in aliarum opinione dubitatur. unde nec historicos nec commentatores varia dicentes imperitiae condemnare debemus: nam antiquitas ipsa creavit errorem, et plerique fundant, plerique augent et ad se transferunt nomina. quam rem etiam non parvum errorem adferre manifestum est, ut ecce Laurentum a Pico factum est, ut “Laurentis regia Pici”; item a Lavino, Latini fratre, Lavinum dictum; item a Latino Laurentum; item a Lavinia Laurolavinium. {{sc|'''nec praenestinae fvndator defvit vrbis'''}} Praeneste locus est haud longe ab urbe, dictus apo ton prinon, id est ab ilicibus, quae illic abundant. ibi erant pontifices et dii indigetes, sicut etiam Romae. erant etiam illic duo fratres, qui divi appellabantur. horum soror dum ad focum sederet, resiliens scintilla eius uterum percussit, unde dicitur concepisse. postea enixa est puerum iuxta templum Iovis abiecitque. virgines aquatum euntes iuxta ignem inventum sustulerunt, qui a fonte haud longe erat: unde Vulcani dictus est filius. Caeculus autem ideo, quia oculis minoribus fuit: quam rem frequenter efficit fumus. hic postea collecta multitudine postquam diu latrocinatus est, Praenestinam civitatem in montibus condidit. et cum ludorum die vicinos populos invitasset, coepit eos hortari ut secum habitarent, et pro gloria iactare se filium esse Vulcani. quod cum illi non crederent, invocato Vulcano, ut eum filium comprobaret, omnis illius multitudinis coetus est flamma circumdatus. quo facto commoti omnes simul habitaverunt et Vulcani filium esse crediderunt. hinc est ‘omnis quem credidit aetas’, quasi post dubitationem, et quia sine dubio aetas varia in spectaculis fuit. dicimus autem et ‘hoc Praeneste’, ut ‘quique altum Praeneste viri’, et ‘haec Praenestis’, unde est “cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa stravi”.

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#680|682.]]}} {{sc|'''altvm praeneste'''}} Cato dicit “quia is locus montibus praestet, Praeneste oppido nomen dedit”. ergo ‘altum’, quia in montibus locatum. {{sc|'''qviqve arva gabinae ivnonis'''}} Gabii populi, diu in agris morati, tandem Gabios condiderunt: unde perite ‘arva’ dixit, non moenia. sane illic Iuno religiosissime colitur. est autem locus haud longe ab urbe.

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#680|683.]]}} {{sc|'''gelidvmqve anienem'''}} ‘Anio’ fluvius haud longe ab urbe est, sed hic euphoniam secutus est: nam Ennius “Anionem” dixit iuxta regulam.

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#680|684.]]}} {{sc|'''hernica saxa colvnt'''}} Sabinorum lingua saxa hernae vocantur. quidam dux magnus Sabinos de suis locis elicuit et habitare secum fecit in saxosis montibus: unde dicta sunt Hernica loca et populi Hernici. {{sc|'''dives anagnia'''}} aut fertilis: aut adludit ad historiam. nam Antonius Augusti sorore contempta postquam Cleopatram duxit uxorem, monetam eius nomine in Anagnia civitate iussit feriri.

{{ancora+|685|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#685|685.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos amasene pater'''}} aut ‘pascis’, aut sit antiptosis ‘quos pascit Amasenus’. est autem fluvius, qui Anagnienses agros inrigat. {{sc|'''arma'''}} scuta.

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#685|686.]]}} {{sc|'''nec clipei'''}} scuta maiora, dicta ab eo quod celent corpus, apo tou kleptein.

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#685|688.]]}} {{sc|'''fvlvosqve lvpi de pelle galeros'''}} galerus genus est pillei, quod Fronto genere neutro dicit ‘hoc galerum’.

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#685|689.]]}} {{sc|'''vestigia nvda sinistri institvere pedis'''}} atqui ipse est in pugnantibus primus; sed bene nudus est, quia tegitur scuto. dextrum autem tectum conveniebat esse, quasi ab armis remotum.

{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''pero'''}} autem est rusticum calciamentum. et traxit hoc a Graeciae more, unde isti, sicut dictum est, transierant, ubi hoc armorum fuerat genus.

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#690|691.]]}} {{sc|'''at messapvs eqvvm domitor neptvnia proles'''}} hic Messapus per mare ad Italiam venit, unde Neptuni dictus est filius: quem invulnerabilem ideo dicit, quia nusquam periit, nec in bello. ignem autem ei nocere non posse propter Neptunum dicit, qui aquarum deus est. ab hoc Ennius dicit se originem ducere: unde nunc et cantantes inducit eius socios et eos comparat cycnis. ‘domitor’ autem ‘equorum’, quasi animalium a patre inventorum.

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''hi fescenninas acies'''}} Fescenninum oppidum est ubi nuptialia inventa sunt carmina. hi autem populi ab Atheniensibus ducunt originem. {{sc|'''aeqvosqve faliscos'''}} Faliscos Halesus condidit. hi autem, inmutato {{sc|'''h'''}} in F, Falisci dicti sunt, sicut febris dicitur quae ante hebris dicebatur, Formiae quae Hormiae fuerunt, apo tes hormes: nam posteritas in multis nominibus {{sc|'''f'''}} pro {{sc|'''h'''}} posuit. iustos autem dicit Faliscos, quia populus Romanus missis decem viris ab ipsis iura fetialia et non nulla supplementa duodecim tabularum accepit, quas habuerat ab Atheniensibus.

{{ancora+|696|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#695|696.]]}} {{sc|'''hi soractis habent arces'''}} mons apud Hirpos haud longe a Flaminia, de quo Horatius “vides ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte”. {{sc|'''flaviniaqve arva'''}} locus est in Italia Flavinium nomine.

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#695|697.]]}} {{sc|'''et cimini cvm monte lacvm'''}} et lacus et mons hoc nomine appellantur. sane hoc habet fabula. aliquando Hercules, cum de Hispania rediret, ad hos populos venit. qui cum a singulis provocaretur ad ostendendam virtutem, defixisse dicitur vectem ferreum, quo exercebatur. qui cum terrae esset adfixus et a nullo potuisset auferri, eum rogatus sustulit, unde inmensa vis aquae secuta est, quae Ciminum lacum fecit. {{sc|'''lvcosqve capenos'''}} hos dicit Cato Veientum iuvenes condidisse auxilio regis Propertii, qui eos Capenam cum adolevissent, miserat. unde et porta Capena, quae iuxta Camenas est, nomen accepit.

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#695|698.]]}} {{sc|'''aeqvati nvmero'''}} aequaliter ordinati, digesti in ordinem — hinc est ‘saepenumero scripsi’, hoc est ordine — congruenter, sicut decebat, rationabiliter.

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#695|699.]]}} {{sc|'''liqvida inter nvbila'''}} pura, sicca, serena: sed nil tam contrarium nubibus. ergo nubes pro aere posuit, ut diximus supra.

{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''et longa canoros dant per colla modos'''}} secundum Plinium, qui ait in naturali historia, cycnos ideo suavius canere, quia colla longa et inflexa habent, et necesse est eluctantem vocem per longum et flexuosum meatum varias reddere modulationes.

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#700|701.]]}} {{sc|'''sonat amnis'''}} Caystrum dicit, qui cohaeret Asiae paludi. quam cum significamus, ‘A’ longa est, cum sit brevis, si provinciam significare voluerimus: quod significatur in georgicis, ut “et quae Asia circum dulcibus in stagnis rimantur prata Caystri”.

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''volvcrvm ravcarvm'''}} ‘raucarum’ ton meson est, sicut ‘grave olens’: nam legimus “graviter spirantis copia thymbrae”. sciendum tamen Vergilium secundum morem provinciae suae locutum, in qua bene canentes cycni rauciores vocantur.

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#705|706.]]}} {{sc|'''ecce sabinorvm prisco de sangvine'''}} usurpat hoc: nam Clausus, Sabinorum dux, post exactos reges, ut quidam dicunt, cum quinque milibus clientum et amicorum Romam venit, et susceptus habitandam partem urbis accepit: ex quo Claudia et tribus est et familia nominata. {{sc|'''prisco de sangvine'''}} de antiquis Sabinis.

{{ancora+|707|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#705|707.]]}} {{sc|'''magnvm agmen'''}} propter quinque milia clientum.

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#705|709.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam in partem data roma sabinis'''}} hoc de alia traxit historia. nam post Sabinarum raptum et factum inter Romulum et Titum Tatium foedus recepti in urbem Sabini sunt, sed hac lege, ut in omnibus essent cives Romani, excepta suffragii latione: nam magistratus non creabant.

{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''amiterna cohors'''}} de Amiterno oppido. {{sc|'''prisciqve qvirites'''}} id est Sabini. prisci autem ideo, quia post foedus Titi et Romuli placuit ut quasi unus de duobus fieret populus: unde et Romani Quirites dicti sunt, quod nomen Sabinorum fuerat a civitate Curibus, et Sabini a Romulo Romani dicti sunt.

{{ancora+|711|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#710|711.]]}} {{sc|'''ereti manvs omnis'''}} oppidum est dictum a Iunone, id est Hera, quae illic colitur. {{sc|'''oliviferaeqve mvtvscae'''}} haec Trebia postea dicta est, quam modo Trebulam dicunt. apud quam Hannibal delevit populum Romanum: Lucanus “Cannarum fuimus Trebiaeque iuventus” (2.46).

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#710|712.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi nomentvm vrbem'''}} hoc ex sua persona dicit poeta: nam adhuc civitas Nomentana non fuerat, ut in sexto ait “hi tibi Nomentum et Gabios”, item “haec tum nomina erunt, nunc sunt sine nomine terrae”. {{sc|'''rosea rvra velini'''}} Velinus lacus est circa Reate iuxta agrum, qui Rosulanus vocatur. Varro tamen dicit lacum hunc a quodam consule in Narem vel Nartem fluvium derivatum — nam utrumque dicitur — esse diffusum. post quod tanta est loca secuta fertilitas, ut etiam perticae longitudinem altitudo superaret herbarum: quin etiam quantum per diem demptum esset, tantum per noctes crescebat: quod Vergilius ad suam provinciam transtulit, dicens “et quantum longis carpent armenta diebus, exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet”.

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#710|713.]]}} {{sc|'''tetricae horrentis rvpes'''}} Tetricus mons in Sabinis asperrimus, unde tristes homines tetricos dicimus. {{sc|'''montemqve severvm'''}} proprium nomen montis est, sicut agri Roseus.

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#710|714.]]}} {{sc|'''casperiamqve colvnt'''}} Casperia et Foruli civitates sunt. {{sc|'''flvmen himellae'''}} Himella fluvius est intra Forulos. et sic dixit ‘Himellae flumen’, ut “Buthroti urbem”.

{{ancora+|715|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#715|715.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tiberim fabarimqve bibvnt'''}} bene ‘bibunt’: namque Tiberis in Tuscia oritur, sed transit etiam per Sabinos, unde ‘bibunt’, non ‘possident’ dixit. et sciendum Turno dari auxilium a tractu Piceni, Samnii, Campaniae et pro parte Apuliae: omnis vero Tuscia superior et Venetia Aeneae praestat auxilium. Fabarim autem quem dicit etiam ipse per Sabinos transit et Farfarus dicitur: Plautus “dissipabo te tamquam folia Farfari”, Ovidius “et amoenae Farfarus umbrae”. {{sc|'''frigida misit nvrsia'''}} Piceni civitas. ‘frigida’ autem aut re vera, aut certe venenosa, nocens: Gracchi namque ubique in contionibus suis Nursinos sceleratos appellaverunt, et scimus amare Vergilium historiarum rem per transitum tangere.

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#715|716.]]}} {{sc|'''ortinae classes'''}} Ortini equites classes dicuntur, unde et eorum tubas classica dicimus, et partes populi classes vocamus, quae quinque fuerunt. {{sc|'''popvliqve latini'''}} qui intererant Albani montis viscerationi.

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#715|717.]]}} {{sc|'''infavstvm interlvit allia nomen'''}} Allia fluvius haud longe ab urbe est. iuxta quem Galli Brenno duce, XV. Kal. AVG. die deleto exercitu, post triduum deleverunt etiam urbem excepto Capitolio. sane ‘Allia’ additum unum ‘l’ propter metrum, ut ‘relliquias’. Lucanus bene posuit “quas Aliae clades” (7.633).

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#715|718.]]}} {{sc|'''marmore'''}} mari.

{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''vel cvm sole novo'''}} prima aestatis parte: nam proprie sol novus est VIII. Kal. IAN.; sed tunc non sunt aristae, quas ab ariditate dictas esse constat.

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#720|721.]]}} {{sc|'''avt hermi campo'''}} Hermus Lydiae fluvius, qui superfusus campis gignit fertilitatem, unde harenas aureas fingitur trahere. {{sc|'''lyciae flaventibvs arvis'''}} provincia est fertilis frugum.

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#720|723.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc agamemnonivs troiani nominis hostis'''}} hunc Agamemnonis plerique comitem, plerique nothum filium volunt. qui cum venisset ad Italiam, audito adventu Aeneae in bellum ruit, non amore Turni, sed odio hostilitatis antiquae; unde ait ‘Troiani nominis hostis’.

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''rapit popvlos'''}} raptim adducit. etiam Campaniae loca commemorat. {{sc|'''felicia baccho massica'''}} nam Massicus mons est vitibus plenus. ‘Massica’ autem dixit, ut “Maenala”.

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#725|727.]]}} {{sc|'''avrvnci misere patres'''}} isti Graece Ausones nominantur. {{sc|'''sidicinaqve ivxta aeqvora'''}} ab oppido quod Sidicinum dicitur.

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#725|728.]]}} {{sc|'''cales linqvvnt'''}} civitas est Campaniae; nam in Flaminia quae est Cale dicitur. est et in Gallia hoc nomine, quam Sallustius captam a Perperna commemorat. {{sc|'''amnisqve vadosi accola vvltvrni'''}} fluvius est Campaniae, qui iuxta Cumas cadit in mare.

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#725|729.]]}} {{sc|'''saticvlvs asper'''}} populus Campaniae, asper moribus.

{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''oscorvmqve manvs'''}} Capuenses dicit, qui ante Ophici appellati sunt, quod illic plurimi abundavere serpentes. {{sc|'''aclides illis tela'''}} aclides sunt tela quaedam antiqua, adeo ut nequaquam commemorentur in bello. legitur tamen quod sint clavae cubito semis factae, eminentibus hinc et hinc acuminibus: quae ita in hostem iaciuntur religatae loro vel lino, ut peractis vulneribus possint redire. putatur tamen esse teli genus, quod flagello in inmensum iaci potest.

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#730|732.]]}} {{sc|'''laevas caetra tegit'''}} caetra est scutum loreum, quo utuntur Afri et Hispani. {{sc|'''falcati comminvs enses'''}} adfectavit varietatem: nam consequens fuerat ut diceret ‘dextras armant gladii falcati’. falcatus autem ensis est harpe, qua usus est Perseus: Lucanus ait “harpen alterius monstri iam caede rubentem” (9.663).

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#730|734.]]}} {{sc|'''oebale'''}} Oebalus filius est Telonis et nymphae Sebethidis. haec autem est iuxta Neapolim. sed Telo diu regnavit apud Capreas, insulam contra Neapolim sitam. filius vero eius, patriis non contentus imperiis, transiit ad Campaniam et multis populis subiugatis suum dilatavit imperium.

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''telebovm capreas cvm regna teneret'''}} cum teneret Capreas, regna Teleboum: nam Teleboae Caprearum sunt populi, quos Telo suo regebat imperio. quidam dicunt Capreas a Capreo, qui in illis regionibus potens fuit, nominatas.

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#735|738.]]}} {{sc|'''sarrastis popvlos'''}} populi Campaniae sunt a Sarno fluvio. Conon in eo libro, quem de Italia scripsit, quosdam Pelasgos aliosque ex Peloponneso convenas ad eum locum Italiae venisse dicit, cui nullum antea nomen fuerit, et flumini quem incolerent, Sarro nomen inposuisse ex appellatione patrii fluminis, et se Sarrastras appellasse. hi inter multa oppida Nuceriam condiderunt.

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#735|739.]]}} {{sc|'''rvfras batvlvmqve tenent'''}} castella Campaniae, a Samnitibus condita. {{sc|'''arva celemnae'''}} Iunonis. locus Campaniae est Celemnae, sacer Iunoni.

{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvos maliferae despectant moenia bellae'''}} multi Nolam volunt intellegi et dicunt iratum Vergilium nomen eius mutasse propter sibi negatum hospitium, et id aperte noluisse dicere, sed ostendere per periphrasin; nam illic Punica mala nascuntur: ut nunc ‘Bella’ pro ‘Nola’ posuerit. alii ita volunt accipi, ut sit synalipha et legatur ‘moenia Abellae’. quidam hanc civitatem a rege Murano conditam Moeram nomine vocatam ferunt, sed Graecos primum eam incoluisse. quae ab nucibus Abellanis Abella nomen accepit. alii quod inbelle vulgus et otiosum ibi fuerit, ideo Abellam appellatam. huius cives cum loca circa Capuam possiderent, †ortu tumultu interisse, aliosque fugientes Moeranum abisse et eius incolis se iunxisse: et quod inbelliores fuerint Abellanos dictos.

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#740|741.]]}} {{sc|'''cateias'''}} tela Gallica: unde et Teutonicum ritum dixit. cateiam quidam asserunt teli genus esse tale quale aclydes sunt, ex materia quam maxime lenta, cubitus longitudine, tota fere clavis ferreis illigata, quas in hostem iaculantes lineis, quibus eas adnexuerant, reciprocas faciebant. {{sc|'''cateias'''}} id est hastas. cateiae lingua Theotisca hastae dicuntur.

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#740|742.]]}} {{sc|'''raptvs de svbere cortex'''}} bene ‘raptus’, id est raptim sublatus, quia recens suberis cortex in quamvis formam tota flectitur facilitate.

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#740|744.]]}} {{sc|'''montosae nersae'''}} civitas in montibus posita.

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''insignem fama'''}} bene ‘fama’, quia occidetur, ut “Ufentemque Gyas, cadit et Tolumnius augur”.

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#745|746.]]}} {{sc|'''horrida praecipve cvi gens'''}} Aequiculam gentem dicit, et morum et vitae qualitate praeduram. sane aliud pendet ex alio: ideo erant horridi, quia venabantur; ideo venabantur, quia habebant duras glebas, id est infertiles: nam molles feraces sunt, ut in georgicis docet “et cui putre solum, namque hoc imitamur arando”.

{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin et marrvbia venit de gente sacerdos'''}} Medea quando relictis Colchis Iasonem secuta est, dicitur ad Italiam pervenisse, et populos quosdam circa Fucinum ingentem lacum habitantes, qui Marrubii appellabantur quasi circa mare habitantes, propter paludis magnitudinem, docuit remedia contra serpentes: quamquam alii Marrubios a rege dictos velint. hi ergo populi Medeam Angitiam nominaverunt ab eo quod eius carminibus serpentes angerent. ab his nunc Umbronem venisse dicit, non regem, sed ducem. sunt autem isti Marsorum populi.

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#750|751.]]}} {{sc|'''fronde svper galeam et felici comptvs oliva'''}} comptus frondibus festae olivae.

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#750|753.]]}} {{sc|'''vipereo generi'''}} terrenis serpentibus. {{sc|'''graviter spirantibvs hydris'''}} aquae serpentibus. ‘graviter’ autem ‘spirantibus’ solo nocentibus flatu: Lucanus “ante venena nocens” (9.725). {{sc|'''spargere'''}} conficere, ut “et spargere venena didicerunt”.

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''arte levabat'''}} leviores esse faciebat, ut “nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem”.

{{ancora+|756|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#755|756.]]}} {{sc|'''medicari cvspidis ictvm'''}} ‘medicor illam rem’ et ‘illi rei’, sicut modulor.

{{ancora+|760|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#760|760.]]}} {{sc|'''liqvidi flevere lacvs'''}} etiam alii.

{{ancora+|761|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#760|761.]]}} {{sc|'''ibat et hippolyti proles pvlcherrima bello virbivs'''}} Theseus mortua Hippolyte Phaedram, Minois et Pasiphaae filiam, superduxit Hippolyto. qui cum illam de stupro interpellantem contempsisset, falso delatus ad patrem est, quod ei vim voluisset inferre. ille Aegeum patrem rogavit ut se ulcisceretur. qui agitanti currus Hippolyto inmisit focam, qua equi territi eum traxerunt. tunc Diana eius castitate commota revocavit eum in vitam per Aesculapium, filium Apollinis et Coronidis, qui natus erat exsecto matris ventre, ideo quod, cum Apollo audisset a corvo, eius custode, eam adulterium committere, iratus Coronidem maturo iam partu confixit sagittis — corvum vero nigrum fecit ex albo — et exsecto ventre Coronidis produxit ita Aesculapium, qui factus est medicinae peritus. hunc postea Iuppiter propter revocatum Hippolytum interemit: unde Apollo iratus Cyclopas fabricatores fulminum confixit sagittis: ob quam rem a Iove iussus est Admeti regis novem annis apud Amphrysum armenta pascere divinitate deposita. sed Diana Hippolytum, revocatum ab inferis, in Aricia nymphae commendavit Egeriae et eum Virbium, quasi bis virum, iussit vocari. cuius nunc filium cognominem dicit in bellum venire: adeo omnia ista fabulosa sunt. nam cum castus ubique inductus sit et qui semper solus habitaverit, habuisse tamen fingitur filium. re vera autem, ut et supra diximus, Virbius est numen coniunctum Dianae, ut matri deum Attis, Minervae Erichthonius, Veneri Adonis.

{{ancora+|762|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#760|762.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem mater aricia misit'''}} civitas iuxta Albam. ‘mater’ autem propter Augustum dicit, qui fuerat ex Aricina matre progenitus: ac si diceret, quae tanti auctor est generis.

{{ancora+|763|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#760|763.]]}} {{sc|'''egeriae lvcis'''}} nympha in Aricino nemore, quam amicam suam Numa esse fingebat ad firmandam legum suarum auctoritatem.

{{ancora+|764|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#760|764.]]}} {{sc|'''pingvis vbi et placabilis ara dianae'''}} ‘pinguis’ frequenti sacrificio, ‘placabilis’ autem ac si diceret, non qualis ante fuit, vel illic vel apud Tauros, humano gaudens cruore: quam historiam plene in secundo diximus, cum Iphigeniae incidit commemoratio.

{{ancora+|765|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#765|765.]]}} {{sc|'''arte novercae occiderit'''}} bene vim sceleris expressit sola novercae commemoratione.

{{ancora+|769|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#765|769.]]}} {{sc|'''paeoniis revocatvm herbis'''}} aut medicinalibus, a Paeone medico deorum, qui Paean secundum Doricos dicitur, secundum rationem Paeon: aut re vera herbam Paeoniam dicit, cuius Creta ferax est. {{sc|'''et amore dianae'''}} ‘amore’, id est cura.

{{ancora+|772|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#770|772.]]}} {{sc|'''medicinae talis et artis'''}} quae etiam fata dissolveret.

{{ancora+|773|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#770|773.]]}} {{sc|'''poenigenam'''}} matris poena genitum: alii ‘Phoebigenam’ legunt, ut Probus.

{{ancora+|775|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#775|775.]]}} {{sc|'''relegat'''}} commendat ab aliis segregatum.

{{ancora+|776|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#775|776.]]}} {{sc|'''solvs'''}} in solis locis: nam ‘solus’ quomodo qui filium dicitur suscepisse? {{sc|'''ignobilis'''}} non vilis, sed ignotus: quamquam possit etiam ad illud referri quod dicunt quibusdam artibus posse hominum vitam ultra fata protendi, ita tamen, ut solam habeant vitae imaginationem; videntur enim omnia facere nec faciunt. {{sc|'''aevvm'''}} aevum est aetas perpetua, cuius neque initium neque extremum noscitur, sed hic modo ‘aevum’ aetatem Hippolyti posuit. veteres aevum etiam deorum vitam dicebant; nam et Virbius inter deos colitur. Virbium autem quidam Solem putant esse, cuius simulachrum non est fas attingere, propterea quia nec sol tangitur.

{{ancora+|777|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#775|777.]]}} {{sc|'''versoqve vbi nomine'''}} de re facto, ut “oestrum Grai vertere vocantes”.

{{ancora+|778|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#775|778.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde etiam triviae templo'''}} exponit to aition: nam Callimachus scripsit aitia, in quibus etiam hoc commemorat.

{{ancora+|779|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#775|779.]]}} {{sc|'''arcentvr eqvi'''}} quoniam apud quasdam gentes ad aram equo sedere permittebatur.

{{ancora+|781|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#780|781.]]}} {{sc|'''havd setivs'''}} non segnius pate. dicit autem tantae eum fuisse audaciae, ut nec paternae mortis terreretur exemplo.

{{ancora+|784|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#780|784.]]}} {{sc|'''vertitvr'''}} id est agit. {{sc|'''et toto vertice svpra est'''}} Statius “et toto despectat corpore bellum”.

{{ancora+|786|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#785|786.]]}} {{sc|'''aetnaeos efflantem favcibvs ignes'''}} nimios, quantos habet Aetna.

{{ancora+|787|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#785|787.]]}} {{sc|'''tam magis illa fremens et tristibvs effera flammis qvam magis effvso crvdescvnt sangvine pvgnae'''}} legitur in arte quod ‘tam magis maxime minus minime’ positivo tantum iungantur: quod tamen tunc observatur si ponantur ad augmentum istae particulae; tunc enim vitiosam faciunt elocutionem. ceterum si ad exaequationem positae sint, possunt vel comparativo vel superlativo vel pro his gradibus ipsae inter se iungi: hinc ergo est ‘tam magis illa fremens et tristibus effera flammis, quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae’: non enim ad praelationem positae sunt, sed ad exaequationem. maiores enim nostri vitia non in dicto, sed in significatione esse voluerunt. hinc est in Sallustio “ita quam quisque pessime fecit, tam maxime tutus est”: nam et hic exaequatio est, non comparatio.

{{ancora+|790|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#790|790.]]}} {{sc|'''io avro insignibat'''}} haec Inachi filia Argivorum fluminis fuit. hanc amavit Iuppiter. et dum cum ea esset, Iuno supervenit. timens ille ne deprehenderetur, Ionem mutavit in vaccam et eam poscenti dedit Iunoni, ne paelicem confiteretur. cui Iuno Argum, oculatum omnibus membris, Arestoris sive Terrae filium, quem Graeci panopten appellant, custodem adposuit. quem cum Iuppiter per Mercurium, qui eum cantu fistulae in somnum conpulit, interemisset, Iuno eum in pavonem mutavit, Ioni vero inmisit oestrum, muscam animalibus infestam, quo diu exagitata ad Aegyptum venit et Iovis voluntate in Isin mutata colique coepta est. {{sc|'''insignibat'''}} signo suo clarum esse faciebat.

{{ancora+|791|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#790|791.]]}} {{sc|'''argvmentvm ingens'''}} aut fabula, ut Cicero “argumenta erant in valvis”: aut re vera argumentum, quo se Graecum probare cupiebat. hoc enim etiam Amata superius dixit “Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae”. {{sc|'''cvstos'''}} ne reverti posset in formam priorem.

{{ancora+|792|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#790|792.]]}} {{sc|'''pater inachvs'''}} pater non tantum ipsius Ionis, sed auctor originis Turni.

{{ancora+|794|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#790|794.]]}} {{sc|'''totis agmina densentvr campis'''}} scilicet qui oculis poterant subiacere. {{sc|'''densentvr'''}} denseo denses dicimus, aliter non. {{sc|'''argivaqve pvbes'''}} et hoc ad generis, ut supra diximus, pertinet probationem, quod eum sequebantur Argivi.

{{ancora+|795|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#795|795.]]}} {{sc|'''veteresqve sicani'''}} bene ‘veteres’: nam ubi nunc Roma est, ibi fuerunt Sicani, quos postea pepulerunt Aborigines.

{{ancora+|796|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#795|796.]]}} {{sc|'''sacranae acies'''}} dicunt quendam Corybantem de Creta venisse ad Italiam et tenuisse loca, quae nunc urbi vicina sunt, et ex eo populos ducentes originem Sacranos appellatos; nam sacrati sunt matri deum Corybantes. alii Sacranas acies Ardeatum volunt, qui aliquando cum pestilentia laborarent, ver sacrum voverunt, unde Sacrani dicti sunt. {{sc|'''picti scvta labici'''}} Glaucus, Minois filius, venit ad Italiam. et cum sibi imperium posceret nec acciperet, ideo quod nihil praestabat, sicut eius pater praestiterat zonam eis transmittendo, cum antehac discincti essent, ostendit scutum: a quo et ipse Labicus dictus est, et ex eo populi apo tes labes, quam latine amplam vocamus. ‘picti’ autem ‘scuta’ id est in bello frequenter probati: nam apud maiores virorum fortium picta erant scuta, e contra inertium et tironum pura erant, unde est “parmaque inglorius alba”, id est non picta.

{{ancora+|797|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#795|797.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi saltvs tiberine tvos'''}} non originem, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''sacrvmqve nvmici litvs arant'''}} aut iam tunc sacrum, aut prolepsis est: nam consecratus est Numicus, postquam inventum est illic cadaver Aeneae.

{{ancora+|798|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#795|798.]]}} {{sc|'''litvs arant'''}} litus fluminis, ut “viridique in litore conspicitur sus”.

{{ancora+|799|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#795|799.]]}} {{sc|'''circaevmqve ivgvm'''}} circa hunc tractum Campaniae colebatur puer Iuppiter, qui Anxyrus dicebatur, quasi aneu xurou, id est sine novacula, quia barbam numquam rasisset, et Iuno virgo, quae Feronia dicebatur. est autem fons in Campania iuxta Terracinam, quae aliquando Anxur est dicta.

{{ancora+|800|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#800|800.]]}} {{sc|'''et viridi gavdens feronia lvco'''}} non vacat quod addidit ‘viridi’: nam cum aliquando huius fontis lucus fortuito arsisset incendio et vellent incolae exinde transferre simulacra deorum, subito reviruit.

{{ancora+|801|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#800|801.]]}} {{sc|'''qva satvrae iacet atra palvs'''}} secundum hanc lectionem re vera Saturam paludem intellegimus; sed alii ‘Asturae’ legunt. quod si est, paludem pro flumine posuit; nam haud longe a Terracina oppidum est Astura et cognominis fluvius.

{{ancora+|802|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#800|802.]]}} {{sc|'''qvaerit iter valles'''}} satis signatis verbis expressit flumen angustum, contra de Tiberino ait “in mare prorumpit”.

{{ancora+|803|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#800|803.]]}} {{sc|'''hos svper advenit volsca de gente camilla'''}} prudenter post inpletam commemorationem virorum transit ad feminas; ita enim et de Troianis legitur, qui ultimum Amazonum auxilium postularunt: quae res ab Homero praetermissa est. sane iam praesagium est infelicitatis futurae quod inter ipsa principia armantur et feminae. {{sc|'''volsca de gente'''}} de Priverno, Volscorum oppido, ut “Priverno antiqua Metabus cum excederet urbe”.

{{ancora+|804|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#800|804.]]}} {{sc|'''florentes aere catervas'''}} Ennius et Lucretius florere dicunt omne quod nitidum est: hoc est secutus Vergilius, aliter acyrologia est: Lucretius “florebat navibus pontus”.

{{ancora+|805|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#805|805.]]}} {{sc|'''calathisve minervae'''}} Minerva et armorum dea est et lanificii, sed Camilla animum ad arma sola contulit.

{{ancora+|807|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#805|807.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrsvqve pedvm'''}} bene ‘pedum’ adiecit, ne per equum eius gloria minueretur, quod ei obicitur “quid tamen egregium, si femina forti fidis equo?”

{{ancora+|809|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#805|809.]]}} {{sc|'''aristas'''}} primas spicae partes, dictas ab eo quod primae arescant.

{{ancora+|811|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#810|811.]]}} {{sc|'''tingveret'''}} mergeret, ut “tinguat equos”.

{{ancora+|813|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#810|813.]]}} {{sc|'''ivventvs tvrbaqve miratvr matrvm'''}} ante ornatum eius, post arma dicturus est: unde hysteroproteron in respondendo esse voluerunt, ut ornatum matres, viri vero arma mirentur. sed melior sensus est, si, sicut dictum est, accipiamus: ea enim sexus uterque miratur quae sunt posita contra opinionem, ut mirentur feminae arma in muliere, viri ornatum in bellatrice.

{{ancora+|814|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#810|814.]]}} {{sc|'''inhians'''}} stupore quodam, ore patefacto.

{{ancora+|816|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#815|816.]]}} {{sc|'''lyciam pharetram'''}} quasi Lyciam, ut legimus ‘Cretenses sagittas’.

{{ancora+|817|[[Aeneis/Liber VII#815|817.]]}} {{sc|'''pastoralem praefixa cvspide myrtvm'''}} quia hac pugnare pastores solent. {{sc|'''myrtvm'''}} non hastam myrteam, sed ipsam myrtum: Statius “Lernaeam iacit ille trabem”.
{{Liber
|Ante = Commentarius VI
|AnteNomen = ../Liber VI
|Post = Commentarius VIII
|PostNomen = ../Liber VIII
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  <page>
    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber VI</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T00:20:40Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="222191" sha1="bldzgbutuqahxd7e6ggahmueavkhjw8" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber VI|librum VI]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin02servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org]. Versus numeri ancorae sunt, ex. [[#3]]
}}
{{Liber
|Ante=Liber V
|AnteNomen=../Liber V
|Post=Commentarius VII
|PostNomen=../Liber VII
}}

==PROOEMIVM==
Totus quidem Vergilius scientia plenus est, in qua hic liber possidet principatum, cuius ex Homero pars maior est. et dicuntur aliqua simpliciter, multa de historia, multa per altam scientiam philosophorum, theologorum, Aegyptiorum, adeo ut plerique de his singulis huius libri integras scripserint pragmatias. sane sciendum, licet primos duos versus Probus et alii in quinti reliquerint fine, prudenter ad initium sexti esse translatos; nam et coniunctio poematis melior est, et Homerus etiam sic inchoavit {{Graeca|ὣς φάτο δάκρυ χέων}}.

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''classique inmittit habenas'''}} navibus suis, aut suae navi, quae classis dicitur, vel quod fiat de fustibus. calas enim dicebant maiores nostri fustes, quos portabant servi sequentes dominos ad proelium, unde etiam calones dicebantur. nam consuetudo erat militis Romani, ut ipse sibi arma portaret, ipse vallum: vallum autem dicebant calam, sicut Lucilius “scinde calam, ut caleas”, id est, o puer, frange fustes et fac focum. inde ergo classem dictam dicunt. alii classem hinc magis dictam volunt: apud maiores nostros stipendium proelio terrestri miles pedester dabat, equites vero dabant in navali certamine; nam adhuc pauper fuerat populus. exinde iam quod ab equitibus dabatur stipendium, tractum est ut diceretur classis: proprie enim classes equitum dicimus. {{sc|'''classi'''}} aut suae navi, quae classis, ut in primo diximus, dicta est {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τῶν κάλων}}, id est a lignis, unde Horatius “me vel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget”, cum de una loqueretur navi: aut omnium quae eius cursum sequuntur; Palinuri enim implet officium, de quo supra (5.834) ait “ad hunc alii cursum contendere iussi”. {{sc|'''inmittit habenas'''}} aut funes per metaphoram dixit, aut Homerum secutus est, qui ait vela erigi {{Graeca|ἐυστρέπτοισι βοεῦσι}}, id est loris tortis; his enim utebantur antiqui.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''et tandem'''}} ad Aeneae desiderium retulit, olim ad Italiam venire cupientis. ceterum mora non congruit de Capreis Cumas usque, ad vicinitatem accedente favore Neptuni. an ‘tandem’ ad consuetudinem navigantium retulit, quibus nulla non longa navigatio videtur? an ‘tandem’ ad id tempus refertur, ex quo Troia navigatum est? {{sc|'''evboicis oris'''}} a colonia appellavit Cumas: nam Euboea insula est, in qua Chalcis civitas, de qua venerunt qui condiderunt civitatem in Campania, quam Cumas vocarunt vel {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τῶν κυμάτων}}, vel a gravidae mulieris augurio, quae Graece {{Graeca|ἔγκυος}} dicitur. {{sc|'''adlabitur'''}} venit celeriter, ut (11.588) “labere nympha polo”.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus: sic dictum est, ut (5.451) “it clamor caelo”. bene autem ‘obvertunt’, non ‘obvertit’, ut non Aeneae, sed sociis vilia et nautica dentur officia. gubernandi ars soli Aeneae conceditur. {{sc|'''dente tenaci'''}} unde in primo (169) “unco non alligat anchora morsu”.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora'''}} ut supra (1.169) diximus, in Graeco aspirationem non habet, nam {{Graeca|ἄγκυρα}} dicitur: unde et apud maiores sine aspiratione proferebatur. contra ‘thus’ et ‘orchus’ veteres dicebant et ‘lurcho’, id est vorax, quibus sequens aetas detraxit aspirationem.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''praetexunt'''}} praetegunt, ut (4.500) “praetexere funera sacris”. {{sc|'''iuvenum manus'''}} post conditam in Sicilia civitatem senum aut nulla aut rara fit mentio. {{sc|'''emicat'''}} cur hoc verbum posuerit ex sequenti actu iuvenum advertendum est. {{sc|'''ardens'''}} festinans, ut (1.423) “instant ardentes Tyrii”.

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#5|6.]]}} {{sc|'''litus in Hesperium'''}} hic ostenditur Hesperiam minorem esse omnem Italiam, dictam, ut supra (3.163) diximus, vel a rege vel a stella. {{sc|'''semina flammae'''}} {{Graeca|Σπέρμα πυρὸς}} Homerus dicit, id est semen ignis.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#5|7.]]}} {{sc|'''abstrusa in venis silicis'''}} in georgicis (1.135) “et silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem”: abstrudere enim est de industria celare. {{sc|'''ferarum tecta'''}} epexegesis silvae.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#5|8.]]}} {{sc|'''flumina monstrat'''}} quaecumque fluenta. et sciendum monstrari Aeneae ad expiandum se: nam funestatus fuerat morte Palinuri, non quod eum viderat, sed quod funus agnoverat, id est doluerat; in eo enim est pollutio quod ait (5.869) “casuque animum concussus amici”, nam ipsa inpiant quae agnoscimus. unde in Livio (2.8.7) habemus Horatium Pulvillum, cum Capitolium dedicare vellet, audisse ab inimico mortuum filium, et, ne pollutus dedicare non posset, respondisse, cadaver sit. hanc autem purgationem Aeneae polluto dat ubique Vergilius, ut paulo post (635) “corpusque recenti spargit aqua”.

{{ancora+|9|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#5|9.]]}} {{sc|'''at pius Aeneas'''}} oportune hoc loco, quippe ad templa festinans. {{sc|'''arces quibus altus Apollo'''}} p. cum ubique arx Iovi detur, apud Cumas in arce Apollinis templum est. ‘altus’ autem vel magnus, ut (10.737) “iacet altus Orodes” et de ipso Apolline (10.875) “sic pater ille deum faciat, sic altus Apollo”: vel ad simulacri magnitudinem retulit, quod esse constat altissimum. Coelius enim de Cumano Apolline ait “ibi in fano signum Apollinis ligneum, altum non minus pedes XV”: cuius meminisse putatur Vergilius.

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''quibus praesidet'''}} quibus praeest, quas defendit. {{sc|'''horrendae'''}} venerandae, ut (7.172) “horrendum silvis et r. p.” {{sc|'''procul'''}} haud longe: procul enim est et quod prae oculis est, et quod porro ab oculis: unde duplicem habet significationem, iuxta et longe.

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#10|11.]]}} {{sc|'''antrum inmane'''}} epexegesis domus Sibyllae. {{sc|'''mentem animumque'''}} perissologia est: nam secundum Lucretium (3.94) unum est mens et animus.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#10|12.]]}} {{sc|'''delius inspirat vates'''}} Apollo fatidicus. et sic ait ‘Delius’, ut (4.377) “nunc Lyciae sortes”, id est Apollineae. bene autem Sibylla quid sit expressit ‘magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates’: nam, ut supra (3.445) diximus, Sibylla dicta est quasi {{Graeca|σιοῦ βουλὴ}}, id est dei sententia. Aeolici enim {{Graeca|σιοὺς}} deos dicunt.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#10|13.]]}} {{sc|'''triviae lucos'''}} congrue Apollini Dianae iuncta sunt templa, ut et paulo post (35) “Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos”. et bene fit lucorum Dianae commemoratio, quia petiturus est inferos. {{sc|'''aurea tecta'''}} Apollinis scilicet.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#10|14.]]}} {{sc|'''daedalus ut fama est fugiens Minoia regna'''}} ubique de incertis dubitat, ut (3.578) “fama est Enceladi”. sane fabula de hoc talis est: indicato a Sole adulterio Martis et Veneris Vulcanus minutissimis catenis lectulum cinxit, quibus Mars et Venus ignorantes inplicati sunt et cum ingenti turpitudine resoluti sub testimonio cunctorum deorum. quod factum Venus vehementer dolens stirpem omnem Solis persequi infandis amoribus coepit. igitur Pasiphae, Solis filia, Minois regis Cretae uxor, tauri amore flagravit et arte Daedali inclusa intra vaccam ligneam, saeptam corio iuvencae pulcherrimae, cum tauro concubuit, unde natus est Minotaurus, qui intra labyrinthum inclusus humanis carnibus vescebatur. sed Minos de Pasiphae habuit liberos plures, Androgeum Ariadnen Phaedram. sed Androgeus cum esset athleta fortissimus et superaret in agonibus cunctos apud Athenas, Atheniensibus et vicinis Megarensibus coniuratis occisus est. quod Minos dolens collectis navibus bella commovit et victis Atheniensibus poenam hanc statuit, ut singulis quibusque annis septem de filiis et septem de filiabus suis edendos Minotauro mitterent. alii dicunt a Minoe in vindicta filii occisi, sicut dictum est, Iovem rogatum. qui cum Atheniensibus pestilentiam misisset, praeceptum oraculo est de septem filiis annuis ad Minotauri pastum dirigendis. sed tertio anno Aegei filius Theseus missus est, potens tam virtute quam forma. qui cum ab Ariadne regis filia amatus fuisset, Daedali consilio labyrinthi filo iter rexit et necato Minotauro cum rapta Ariadne victor aufugit. quae cum omnia factione Daedali Minos deprehendisset effecta, eum cum Icaro filio servandum in labyrinthum trusit. sed Daedalus corruptis custodibus vel, ut quidam tradunt, ab amicis sub faciendi muneris specie, quo simulabat posse regem placari, ceram et linum accepit et pennas, et inde tam sibi quam filio alis inpositis evolavit. Icarus altiora petens, dum cupit caeli portionem cognoscere, pennis solis calore resolutis, mari in quod cecidit nomen Icarium inposuit. Daedalus vero primo Sardiniam, ut dicit Sallustius, post delatus est Cumas, et templo Apollini condito sacratisque ei alis in foribus haec universa depinxit. dicendo autem Vergilius ‘ut fama est’ ostendit requirendam esse veritatem. nam Taurus notarius Minois fuit, quem Pasiphae amavit, cum quo in domo Daedali concubuit. et quia geminos peperit, unum de Minoe et alium de Tauro, enixa esse Minotaurum dicitur, quod et ipse paulo post ostendit dicens (25) “mixtumque genus”. sed inclusum Daedalum regina corruptis relaxavit custodibus. qui amisso in mari filio navi delatus est Cumas, quod et ipsum tangit dicens (19) “remigium alarum”: alae enim et volucrum sunt et navium, ut (3.520) “velorum pandimus alas”. Phanodicus Deliacon Daedalum propter supradictas causas fugientem navem conscendisse et cum imminerent qui eum sequebantur, intendisse pallium ad adiuvandum ventos et sic evasisse: illos vero qui insequebantur reversos nuntiasse pinnis illum evasisse. Menecrates Daedalum occiso patruele fratre Cretam petisse dicit, Icarum filium eius ab Atticis pulsum dum patrem petit naufragio perisse, unde mari nomen. quidam hunc Daedalum, Eupalami filium, arte fabrili nobilem, occiso Perdice, sororis suae filio, quem solum habere metuebat aemulum artis suae — nam ab illo et usum serrae de osse interiore piscis et circinum propter nomen suum: nam aliquibus Circinus putatus est appellatus: vel, ut quidam, organum inventum tradunt — fugientem invidiam ad Minoem delatum Cretam Pasiphaes uxoris eius nefandi stupri dolum fabricasse. {{sc|'''minoia regna'''}} Cretam scilicet, id est Minois saevitiam.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''praepetibus pennis'''}} felicibus: praepetes enim sunt aves boni augurii, quod huic dat, quia pervenit. praepetibus pennis velocibus. praepetes autem dictae vel quod priora petant, vel summi volatus, vel quae praepetit volatum, vel quae secundum auspicium facit. et quidam praepetes tradunt non tantum aves dici quae prosperius praevolant, sed etiam locos quos capiunt, quod idonei felicesque sunt: unde bene Daedali pinnas praepetes, quia de locis, in quibus periculum metuebat, in loca tutiora pervenit. {{sc|'''ausus se credere caelo'''}} quasi alienis sedibus. Horatius “expertus vacuum Daedalus aëra pennis non homini datis”.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#15|16.]]}} {{sc|'''insuetum'''}} hominibus scilicet. {{sc|'''enavit ad Arctos'''}} bene utrumque miscet: nare enim et de navibus dicimus, ut (4.398) “natat uncta carina” item (4.613) “et terris adnare necesse est”, et de volatu, ut “nare per aestatem liquidam suspexeris agmen”. ‘ad arctos’ autem, si ad fabulam, contra septemtrionem, ut quidam volunt propter fervorem solis et ceratas pinnas, si ad veritatem, ad septemtrionis observationem, quod navigantibus convenit.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#15|17.]]}} {{sc|'''chalcidicaque'''}} quam civitatem Chalcidenses condiderunt, ut supra (2) ab insula Cumas civitatem nominavit. nunc a civitate dedit epitheton.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#15|18.]]}} {{sc|'''redditus his primum terris'''}} quasi de alieno elemento in suum. Horatius “finibus Atticis reddas incolumem precor”.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#15|19.]]}} {{sc|'''remigium alarum'''}} artem volandi. et iterum miscet dicendo ‘remigium’, quod est navis. Aeschylus. {{sc|'''posvit'''}} exaedificavit.

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''letum androgeo'''}} secundum Atticam linguam genetivus singularis Graecus est, cum ipse alibi (2.392) “Androgei galeam”. quidam tamen hic subaudiunt ‘posuit’, id est pinxit, ut Horatius “qualis Parrhasius prodidit aut Scopas, sollers nunc hominem ponere nunc deum, hic saxo, liquidis ille coloribus”. sane non nulli hunc Androgeum non ita, quemadmodum supra dictum est, insidiis occisum, sed a Marathonio tauro, qui flammas vomere dicebatur, conflagratum tradunt.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#20|21.]]}} {{sc|'''cecropidae iussi'''}} Athenienses a rege Cecrope. ‘pendere’ autem solvere, quod ut supra (1.136) diximus, tractum est a pecuniaria damnatione. {{sc|'''miserum'''}} dolentis interiectio, ac si diceret ‘nefas’. et quid est ‘miserum’ subiunxit dicens ‘septena quotannis corpora natorum’. {{sc|'''septena quotannis'''}} quidam septem pueros et septem puellas accipi volunt, quod et Plato dicit in Phaedone (1) et Sappho in lyricis et Bacchylides in dithyrambis et Euripides in Hercule (1326), quos liberavit secum Theseus, quorum haec nomina feruntur †hippoforbas et libi idest arcadis antimachus euandri mnesteus sumiani phidocus ramuntis demolion cydani puriesion celei puellae haec peribea alcatim medippe pyrii iesione celei andromache eurimedontis seupymedusa polixeni europe laodicit milita triaconi.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#20|22.]]}} {{sc|'''corpora natorum'''}} bene ‘corpora’, quae adempta vita consumebantur, ut super orbitatem parentibus ne sepelire quidem liberos licuisset: magna ergo periphrasi dictum est. {{sc|'''stat'''}} aut horret, ut (300) “stant lumina flamma”; aut plena est, ut (12.407) “pulvere caelum stare vident”; aut re vera stat post ductas sortes; aut certe ad picturam respexit: nam volvi in pictura non poterat urna. et licet non sit urnae stare, de pictura tamen bene dictum est. sed si ‘stat’ horret acceperimus, ‘ductis sortibus’ intellegimus ‘de qua ducebantur’, ut (1.121) “et qua vectus Abas”. nam a passivo, ut saepe diximus, inveniri non poterit participium praesens. proprie autem ‘ductis sortibus’: Sallustius “sorte ductos fusti necat”.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#20|23.]]}} {{sc|'''elata mari'''}} perite dixit, eminens est enim. et bene situm expressit; ut enim Sallustius dicit, Creta altior est qua parte spectat orientem. {{sc|'''respondet'''}} aspicitur: nam contra Athenas est posita.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#20|24.]]}} {{sc|'''suppostaque furto'''}} hoc est furtim inclusa in vaccam ligneam, quae erat operta eius vaccae corio, quam maxime taurus adpetebat. {{sc|'''furto'''}} adulterio, ut “Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta”. potest autem, sicut dictum est, et ad vaccam referri, cuius specie tauro furata sit coitum.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''mixtumque genus'''}} secundum veritatem. {{sc|'''prolesque biformis'''}} secundum fabulam.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#25|26.]]}} {{sc|'''veneris monumenta nefandae'''}} aut memoria turpissimi coitus, aut ultio Veneris a Sole proditae. significat autem Minotaurum.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#25|27.]]}} {{sc|'''inextricabilis'''}} insolubilis, indeprehensibilis: Horatius “si pugnat extricata densis cerva plagis”. si ‘extricata’ est soluta, ‘inextricata’ insoluta sine dubio.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#25|28.]]}} {{sc|'''reginae'''}} regis filiae, Ariadnes.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#30|31.]]}} {{sc|'''opere in tanto'''}} in foribus adfabre factis.

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#30|33.]]}} {{sc|'''bis patriae cecidere manus'''}} ideo quia patriae. {{sc|'''quin protinus omnem'''}} ostendit plura fuisse, quam dixit, depicta.

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#30|34.]]}} {{sc|'''perlegerent'''}} perspectarent, scilicet picturam. nec incongrue legi picturam dixit, cum Graece {{Graeca|γράψαι}} et pingere dicatur et scribere. hoc est quod ait Horatius in arte poetica (52) “et nova fictaque nuper habebunt verba fidem, si Graeco fonte cadant, parce detorta”. {{sc|'''praemissus achates'''}} {{Graeca|κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον}} intellegimus, id est secundum taciturnitatem.

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#35|36.]]}} {{sc|'''deiphobe glauci'''}} subaudi ‘filia’. et est proprium nomen Sibyllae. multae autem fuerunt, ut supra (3.445) diximus, quas omnes Varro commemorat et requirit a qua sint fata Romana conscripta. et multi, sequentes Vergilium, ab hac Cumana dicunt: quae licet longaeva legatur, non tamen valde congruit eam usque ad Tarquinii tempora durasse, cui Sibyllinos libros constat oblatos. ducitur tamen Varro, ut Erythraeam credat scripsisse, quia post incensum Apollinis templum, in quo fuerant, apud Erythram insulam ipsa inventa sunt carmina.

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#35|37.]]}} {{sc|'''non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit'''}} et supra (4.143) diximus Apollinem sex mensibus apud Lycios et sex apud Delum dedisse responsa. item lectum est deos aliquotiens tantum kalendis, aliquotiens tantum idibus vaticinari; nonnumquam diei vel prima vel media vel postrema parte, unde est in iure fissus dies, id est non totus religiosus: quem nunc ostendit dicens non oportere Aenean religiosam diei partem perdere, id est oraculis congruam. sane sciendum ‘poscit’ lectionem esse meliorem: tempus enim poscit spectacula, non a spectaculis poscitur.

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#35|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nunc grege de intacto'''}} gregem pro armento posuit, nam de iuvencis dicturus est: quae per poeticam licentiam saepe confundit. illo loco proprie posuit (7.538) “quinque greges illi balantum quina redibant armenta”. ‘intacto’ autem indomito, ut “et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas”.

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#35|39.]]}} {{sc|'''lectas de more bidentes'''}} ‘de more’ antiquo scilicet, quem praetermisit quasi tunc omnibus notum, id est ne habeant caudam aculeatam, ne linguam nigram, ne aurem fissam: quod docet aliud esse intactum, aliud lectum. ‘bidentes’ autem, ut diximus supra (4.57), oves sunt circa bimatum, habentes duos dentes eminentiores: quae erant aptae sacrificiis.

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#40|42.]]}} {{sc|'''excisum'''}}] *deest ‘est’*. {{sc|'''euboicae rupis latus'''}} hoc est montis Cumani, quem Euboici habitaverunt. est autem acyrologia: coloniae enim epitheton rei dedit inmobili. {{sc|'''in antrum'''}} in antri similitudinem, ut (3.533) “portus ab euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum”.

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#40|43.]]}} {{sc|'''quo Lati ducunt aditus centum ostia centum'''}} non sine causa et aditus dixit et ostia: nam Vitruvius qui de architectonica scripsit, ostium dicit per quod ab aliquo arcemur ingressu, ab obstando dictum, aditum ab adeundo, per quem ingredimur. {{sc|'''ostia centum'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito est, licet possit et rationabiliter dictum esse: responsa enim Sibyllae in hoc loco plus minus centum sermonum sunt. inveniuntur tamen Apollinis logia et viginti quinque et trium sermonum: unde melius est finitum pro infinito accipi.

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#40|44.]]}} {{sc|'''totidem voces'''}} ac si diceret, et tot sermones.

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#45|46.]]}} {{sc|'''deus ecce deus'''}} vicinitate templi iam adflata est numine: nam furentis verba sunt deum velle ostendere, qui ipsi tantum videtur. sane cauti satis esse debemus, quando plena sit numine et quando deum deponat: de Miseno enim (149) post vaticinationem dictura est.

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#45|47.]]}} {{sc|'''non color unus'''}} idem Lucanus (5.214) “stat numquam facies”.

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#45|48.]]}} {{sc|'''comptae comae'''}} antehac scilicet: nam propter sacra resolutae sunt, ut (3.370) “vittasque resolvit sacrati capitis”.

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#45|49.]]}} {{sc|'''maiorque videri'''}} videbatur, sicut solebat in vaticinantibus apparere numinis praesentia: quod humanis inludebat aspectibus. unde ait ‘maiorque videri’; non enim erat re vera.

{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''nec mortale sonans'''}} alia enim numinum vox est, ut (1.328) “nec vox hominem sonat”, item (5.649) “vocisve sonus vel gressus euntis”. {{sc|'''adflata est numine'''}} nondum deo plena, sed adflata vicinitate numinis. {{sc|'''quando'''}} siquidem: nam coniunctio est, non adverbium.

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#50|51.]]}} {{sc|'''cessas in vota'''}} tardus es ad vota facienda: nam si dixeris ‘cessas in votis’, hoc significat, tardus es dum vota facis. aliud est ‘cessas in illam rem’, aliud ‘cessas in illa re’: tardus es ad faciendam rem et tardus es in facienda re. figurate autem dixit ‘cessas’ circa promittenda vota numinibus.

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#50|52.]]}} {{sc|'''tros'''}} principale pro derivativo, pro ‘Troius’. {{sc|'''ante dehiscent'''}} trahit hoc de matris deum templo, quod non manu, sed precibus aperiebatur.

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#50|53.]]}} {{sc|'''attonitae'''}} stupendae, non stupentis: ergo ‘attonitae’ facientis attonitos, ut ‘mors pallida’, ‘tristis senecta’. {{sc|'''ora domus'''}} quia supra (44) ait “unde ruunt totidem voces responsa Sibyllae”.

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#50|54.]]}} {{sc|'''per dura cucurrit ossa tremor'''}} religionis est et divinae reverentiae: alibi (3.372) “ipse manu multo suspensam numine ducit”.

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''pectore ab imo'''}} a mentis intimo: nec inmerito; nam illa re divinitas flectitur, quae est nobis cum divinitate communis, id est sensu.

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#55|56.]]}} {{sc|'''phoebe graves Troiae semper miserate labores'''}} secundum Homerum, qui eum dicit semper Troiae propugnatorem fuisse. et bene ait ‘miserate’, quia Troia defendi non potuit: ideo non dixit, qui defendisti, sed miseratus es.

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#55|57.]]}} {{sc|'''dardana qui Paridis'''}} Achilles, a matre tinctus in Stygem paludem, toto corpore invulnerabilis fuit, excepta parte qua tentus est. qui cum amatam Polyxenam ut in templo acciperet statuisset, insidiis Paridis post simulacrum latentis occisus est: unde fingitur quod tenente Apolline Paris direxerit tela. et bene ait ‘direxti’, quasi ad solum vulnerabilem locum. ‘Dardana’ autem ideo, ut non adultero, sed genti praestitisse videatur. {{sc|'''tela manusque'''}} vel quia aliud sine alio esse non potest, vel hoc dicit: et artem per tela, ut nosset quid feriret, et virtutem per manus dedisti, ut eius fata compleret.

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#55|58.]]}} {{sc|'''magnas obeuntia terras tot maria intravi'''}} terras cingentia. Oceanus quidem ambit omnes terras: et licet iste per ea maria navigaverit quae terris cinguntur, tamen non dixit inproprie, cum de Oceano ista nascantur.

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#55|59.]]}} {{sc|'''tot maria'''}} dicendo ‘maria’ partem eum maris navigasse significat, non totum mare: mare enim elementum est totum, maria vero partes maris, sicut et terrae partes sunt, terra vero totum elementum est. {{sc|'''penitusque repostas'''}} longe remotas, avias.

{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''massylum gentes'''}} Massyli sunt Mauri: unde speciem pro genere posuit; nam Aeneas ad Africam venit, cuius partem constat esse Massyliam. mediterranea est pars Mauretaniae: unde a parte totum accipere debemus. {{sc|'''praetentaque Syrtibus arva'''}} circumfusa: incerta enim sunt illic maria et terrae: unde ait Lucanus (9.308) “aequora fracta vadis abruptaque terra profundo”.

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#60|61.]]}} {{sc|'''prendimus'''}} quippe fugientem Italiam.

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#60|62.]]}} {{sc|'''hac Troiana tenus'''}} hactenus, hucusque, id est hic sit finis. nam tenus proprie est extrema pars arcus, ut Plautus ostendit: unde tractum est, ut ‘hactenus’ hucusque significet. {{sc|'''troiana fortuna'''}} a praeiudicio, id est mala, adversa. et dicit iniquum esse, ut Troianam fortunam patiantur in Italia.

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#60|63.]]}} {{sc|'''fas est parcere genti'''}} quia se victam fatetur.

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#60|64.]]}} {{sc|'''quibus obstitit ilium'''}} Ganymedes enim Hebae obfuit, Paris Minervae et Iunoni. quod autem, cum dixerit ‘dique deaeque omnes’, dearum tantum reperimus exempla, non mirum est, cum supra (2.632) dixerimus {{Graeca|ἀρσενοθήλεις}} esse omnes deos. possumus ergo et per unam rem utrumque intellegere, licet dicatur etiam Neptuno obfuisse Troia ex denegatione mercedum. novimus praeterea esse morem poeticum, ut duabus propositis rebus uni respondeant, ut “navita tum stellis numeros et nomina fecit Pleiadas, Hyadas claramque Lycaonis Arcton”: nam suppresso numero dixit nomina.

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#65|66.]]}} {{sc|'''praescia venturi'''}} absolutum est, rerum venturarum. da dic, ut “qui sit da, Tityre, nobis”: unde est contra (2.65) “accipe nunc Danaum insidias”: non enim praestare aliquid poterat, sed indicare futura. {{sc|'''non indebita posco regna meis fatis'''}} deest ‘si’. est autem {{Graeca|εἱρμὸς}}, id est longissimum hyperbaton: Phoebe et vos dii deaeque, tuque o vates da, id est dic, Latio Teucros considere, si non posco regna meis fatis indebita. ‘dic’ autem ‘considere’, id est utrum possimus considere. et verecunde dictum est ‘non posco indebita’, cum certum constet esse regna deberi.

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#65|68.]]}} {{sc|'''errantesque deos'''}} ut (7.229) “diis sedem exiguam patriis”. {{sc|'''agitataque numina Troiae'''}} aut mecum vexata: aut certe {{Graeca|ξόανα}} dicit, id est simulacra brevia, quae portabantur in lecticis et ab ipsis mota infundebant vaticinationem: quod fuit apud Aegyptios et Carthaginienses.

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#65|69.]]}} {{sc|'''tum Phoebo et Triviae'''}} ut solet miscet historiam: nam hoc templum in Palatio ab Augusto factum est. sed quia Augustus cohaeret Iulio, qui ab Aenea ducit originem, vult Augustum parentum vota solvisse.

{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''festosque dies de nomine Phoebi'''}} ludos Apollinares dicit, qui secundum quosdam bello Punico secundo instituti sunt, secundum alios tempore Syllano ex responso Marciorum fratrum, quorum extabant, ut Sibyllina, responsa.

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#70|71.]]}} {{sc|'''te quoque magna manent nostris penetralia regnis'''}} id est coleris ut numen. ‘manent’ autem exspectant, ‘penetralia’ secreta templorum.

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#70|72.]]}} {{sc|'''tuas sortes'''}} Sibyllina responsa, quae, ut supra (36) diximus, incertum est cuius Sibyllae fuerint, quamquam Cumanae Vergilius dicat, Varro Erythraeae. sed constat regnante Tarquinio quandam mulierem, nomine Amaltheam, obtulisse ei novem libros, in quibus erant fata et remedia Romana, et pro his poposcisse CCC. philippeos, qui aurei tunc pretiosi erant. quae contempta alia die tribus incensis reversa est et tantundem poposcit, item tertio aliis tribus incensis cum tribus reversa est et accepit quantum postulaverat, hac ipsa re commoto rege, quod pretium non mutabat. tunc mulierem subito non apparuisse. qui libri in templo Apollinis servabantur, nec ipsi tantum, sed et Marciorum et Begoes nymphae, quae artem scripserat fulguritarum apud Tuscos: unde addidit modo ‘tuas sortes arcanaque fata’. et hoc trahit poeta. Aenean tamen inducit quasi de praesenti dicentem oraculo.

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#70|73.]]}} {{sc|'''lectosque sacrabo alma viros'''}} quia nisi patricii non fiebant. sciendum sane primo duos librorum fuisse custodes, inde decem, inde quindecim usque ad tempora Sullana. postea crevit numerus, nam et sexaginta fuerunt, sed remansit in his quindecimvirorum vocabulum.

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#70|74.]]}} {{sc|'''foliis tantum ne carmina manda'''}} ut Varro dicit, in foliis palmae interdum notis, interdum scribebat sermonibus, ut diximus supra (3.444).

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#75|76.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} pro ‘tu’. et posuit pronomen eius personae de qua loquimur, pro illius cum qua loquimur. est autem Graecum, nam dicunt {{Graeca|αὐτὴ εἰπὲ}}, id est tu dic. {{sc|'''finem dedit ore loquendi'''}} hoc est definivit ei, ut ore loqueretur nec in foliis scriberet.

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#75|77.]]}} {{sc|'''nondum patiens'''}} quae nondum posset implere oraculorum sermones: aut ‘dum’ vacat, et est inpatiens Phoebi.

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#75|78.]]}} {{sc|'''bacchatur vates'''}} bene ‘bacchatur’. idem enim est Apollo, qui Liber pater, qui Sol, unde ait Lucanus (5.73) “cui numine mixto Delphica Thebanae referunt trieterica Bacchae”: unde in eorum sacris erat Phoebadum Baccharumque conventus.

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#75|79.]]}} {{sc|'''excussisse deum'''}} excuti proprie de equis dicimus: quod ideo traxit, quia Phoebus, id est Sol, equis utitur. et nunc Sibyllam quasi equum, Apollinem quasi equitem inducit et in ea permanet translatione: ‘excussisse’ ait, ut (11.615) “excussus Aconteus”; item ‘fera corda domans’, quod est equorum primum frenos pati et stimulos, ut (100) “ea frena furenti concutit et stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo”. quod autem dicit ‘magnum deum’, non re vera ait, sed retulit ad affectum colentis, ut (11.785) “summe deum, sancti custos Soractis Apollo”: unicuique enim deus quem colit magnus videtur. ‘excussisse’ vero ‘deum’ pro ‘excutere’, tempus est pro tempore. est autem Attica figura, qua nos uti non convenit, quia hac licenter utuntur poetae.

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''fingitque premendo'''}} componit, ut (8.634) “et corpora fingere lingua”. componit autem ad moderationem certam dicendi: ut enim supra (3.374) diximus, omnia quidem vident, sed non omnia indicant sacerdotes.

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#80|81.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia iamque domus patuere'''}} precibus scilicet. et quae antea ostia erant, patefacta aditus esse coeperunt.

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#80|82.]]}} {{sc|'''ferunt responsa'''}} quia ait supra (53) “ora domus”.

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#80|83.]]}} {{sc|'''pelagi defuncte periclis'''}} non liberate pelago, sed marinis periculis: nam adhuc navigaturus est, sed sine ullo discrimine. ‘defuncte’ autem liberate: nam dicimus functos officio qui officia debita complerunt, unde et honoribus functos. hinc et defunctos mortuos dicimus, qui compleverunt vitae officia, unde est (11.51) “et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem”.

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#80|84.]]}} {{sc|'''sed terra'''}} legitur et ‘terrae’, unum tamen est. {{sc|'''in regna Lavini'''}} alii ‘Latini’ legunt, cuius tunc erant. sed quia divina loquitur, futura praeoccupat; postea enim Lavinium dicetur: licet possit ad Lavinum, Latini fratrem, referri, qui illic ante regnavit.

{{ancora+|86|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#85|86.]]}} {{sc|'''horrida bella'''}} quae contra hospitem cognatumque suscepta sunt, ut Latinus dicturus est (12.31) “arma impia sumpsi promissam eripui”.

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#85|87.]]}} {{sc|'''spumantem sanguine cerno'''}} quasi non praedicit, sed videt quod facturus est Turnus, ut (12.35) “recalent nostro Tiberina fluenta sanguine adhuc”.

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#85|88.]]}} {{sc|'''non Simois tibi nec Xanthus'''}} Tiberis et Numicus, in quem cecidit. {{sc|'''dorica castra'''}} Graeca. et re vera: nam Turnus Graecus fuit, ut (7.371) “et Turno si prima domus repetatur origo, Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae”.

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#85|89.]]}} {{sc|'''partus Achilles'''}} Turnum significat. et sic hoc dictum est, ut in bucolicis (4.34) “alter erit tum Tiphys et altera quae vehat Argo delectos heroas”. et hoc est quod dicit (100) “obscuris vera involvens”, nam licet vera sint, latent: unde Apollo {{Graeca|λοξίας}} dicitur, id est obliquus.

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''natus et ipse dea'''}} de Venilia, sorore Amatae, ut (10.76) “cui diva Venilia mater”. nec debet mirum esse Amatam fuisse mortalem, cum etiam Turnus, Iuturnae frater, mortalis fuerit: nam haec fuerant divina beneficia. {{sc|'''addita Iuno'''}} inimica. est autem verbum Lucilii et antiquorum, ut Plautus “additus Ioni Argus”.

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#90|91.]]}} {{sc|'''in rebus egenis'''}} per transitum ostendit famem futuram.

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#90|93.]]}} {{sc|'''coniunx iterum hospita'''}} nam et Paris ab Helena fuerat susceptus hospitio. ‘hospita’ autem more suo dixit. et bene ne aliquid inputetur Aeneae, quasi fatorum hoc esse praedicit.

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''ne cede'''}} ne cedas, sed esto audentior quam tua te fortuna permittit. et bene adversa fortunae docet virtute aut vitari aut inminui aut patienter sustineri.

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#95|96.]]}} {{sc|'''via'''}} ratio, opportunitas.

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#95|97.]]}} {{sc|'''graia pandetur ab urbe'''}} propter Euandrum, qui eum in Tusciam missurus ad Tarchontem est.

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#95|98.]]}} {{sc|'''ex adyto'''}} locum vaticinationis ostendit. {{sc|'''cumaea Sibylla'''}} bene addidit propter discretionem.

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#95|99.]]}} {{sc|'''antroque remugit'''}} quia in antro est, ut (5.150) “pulsati colles clamore resultant”.

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''obscuris vera involvens'''}} vera et obscura confundens. est autem hypallage, veris obscura inserens.

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#100|102.]]}} {{sc|'''cessit furor'''}} non penitus recessit, sed paulatim coepit inminui: nam est paulo post de Miseni morte dictura, quod non procedit, si nunc numen recessit.

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#100|103.]]}} {{sc|'''non ulla laborum'''}} pro nulla, ut “non ullus aratro cessit honos”.

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#100|104.]]}} {{sc|'''non ulla laborum o virgo'''}} ‘o’ licet sit naturaliter brevis in Latinis sermonibus, apud Vergilium tamen pro longa habetur, ut hoc loco ‘virgo’, item alibi (841) “quis te magne Cato tacitum”, exceptis ‘ego’, ut (1.46) “ast ego quae divum”, ‘duo’, ut (11.285) “si duo praeterea”, ‘scio’, ut “nunc scio quid sit amor”, et ‘nescio’, ut “nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos”. apud alios ‘o’ nisi in Graecis nominibus non producitur, quod et nunc sequi debemus. dicunt tamen quidam quod ‘o’ tunc producitur in nominativo, quando et in genetivo producta fuerit. quod falsum est: nam et Vergilius produxit ‘virgo’, cum ‘virginis’ faciat, et Lucanus ‘Cato’ corripuit, ut (9.227) “nos Cato da veniam”, cum ‘Catonis’ faciat. item ‘Iuno’ cum producat Vergilius, Statius tamen corripuit. sane sciendum adlocutionem hanc esse suasoriam cum partibus suis: nam honestum est quod dicit se patrem requirere, utile ut ab eo patriae originem discat, necessarium quia iusserat pater, ut (5.731) “Ditis tamen ante infernas accede domos”, possibile quia ait ‘quando hic inferni ianua regis dicitur’ item (117) ‘potes namque omnia’: si omnia, et hoc. {{sc|'''nova mi facies'''}} id est species. et sciendum pronomen ‘mihi’ numquam in synaeresin venire, ne incipiat esse blandientis adverbium. et licet quidam huius loci nitantur exemplo, non procedit, vel quia unum est, vel quia potest esse etiam blandientis adverbium. ‘nihil’ vero pro metri necessitate cogitur: nam si pars sequens orationis a vocali inchoet, ‘nihil’ dicimus, ut (2.402) “heu nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis”: si autem a consonante inchoet, ‘nil’ ponimus, ut Iuvenalis (4.22) “nil tale expectes: emit sibi. multa videmus”. {{sc|'''inopinave surgit'''}} nomen est, non participium: nam ‘inopinata’ diceret, quod non procedit. ‘opinatus’ enim venit ab eo quod est ‘opinor’; sed quia ‘inopinor’ non dicimus, ideo nec ‘inopinatus’ facit, sicut et ‘nocens’ participium est, quia invenimus ‘noceo’ verbum, ‘innocens’ vero nomen, quia ‘innoceo’ non dicimus. nullum est enim participium, quod a verbo non trahatur, licet a sui verbi forma non veniat, ut ‘placita’: licet ‘placeor’ non dicamus, tamen placeo invenimus; item ‘regnata’ ‘triumphata’. unde ‘galeatus’ et ‘tunicatus’ et ‘togatus’ nomina conprobantur: nullum enim verbum horum originis reperitur.

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''omnia percepi atque animo mecum ante peregi'''}} ‘percepi’ ante cognovi ab Heleno vel a patre, qui ait (5.730) “gens dura atque aspera cultu debellanda tibi Latio est”. dicit autem se futura partim audisse, partim mente praecepisse. sed occurrit: si novit omnia, quid consulit numen? sed nosse se dicit omnia quantum ad labores pertinet, et concidit totam petitionem, ut ad illud veniat quo possit patrem videre: nam quod dicit ‘unum oro’, non solum dicit, sed praecipuum, ut (1.15) “unam posthabita coluisse Samo”.

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#105|106.]]}} {{sc|'''quando'''}} siquidem. et est coniunctio.

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#105|107.]]}} {{sc|'''et tenebrosa palus Acheronte refuso'''}} paludem pro lacu posuit: nam Avernum significat, quem vult nasci de Acherontis aestuariis. ‘palus’ autem bene iste produxit ‘lus’, quia ‘paludis’ facit, quod supra (2.69) planius diximus: Horatius corripuit, ut “sterilisque diu palus aptaque remis”. ‘tenebrosa’ autem nigra, per quod altam significat, ut (5.516) “nigra figit sub nube columbam”, id est alta. {{sc|'''acheronte refuso'''}} Acheron fluvius dicitur inferorum, quasi sine gaudio. sed constat locum esse haud longe a Bais undique montibus saeptum, adeo ut nec orientem nec occidentem solem possit aspicere, sed tantum medium. quod autem dicitur ignibus plenus, haec ratio est: omnia vicina illic loca calidis et sulpuratis aquis scatent. sine gaudio autem ideo ille dicitur locus, quod necromantia vel sciomantia, ut dicunt, non nisi ibi poterat fieri: quae sine hominis occisione non fiebant; nam et Aeneas illic occiso Miseno sacra ista conplevit et Vlixes occiso Elpenore. quamquam fingatur in extrema Oceani parte Vlixes fuisse: quod et ipse Homerus falsum esse ostendit ex qualitate locorum, quae commemorat, et ex tempore navigationis; dicit enim eum a Circe unam noctem navigasse et ad locum venisse, in quo haec sacra perfecit: quod de Oceano non procedit, de Campania manifestissimum est. praeterea a Baio socio eius illic mortuo Baias constat esse nominatas. dicitur etiam vidisse Herculem, ideo quia illic sunt Bauli, locus Herculis dictus quasi Boaulia, quod illic habuit animalia, quae Geryoni detracta ex Hispania adduxerat.

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#105|108.]]}} {{sc|'''ire contingat'''}} ‘ut’ minus est, ut sit ‘ut ire contingat, ut iter doceas’.

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#105|109.]]}} {{sc|'''sacra ostia pandas'''}} aut venerabilia aut execranda, sicut de Tartaro dicturus est (573) “sacrae panduntur portae”.

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''illum ego per flammas'''}} meritum adprobat patris, ut iustum videatur esse desiderium. {{sc|'''sequentia tela'''}} ut (2.734) “ardentes clipeos atque aera micantia cerno”.

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#110|111.]]}} {{sc|'''ex hoste recepi'''}} liberavi, ut (1.178) “frugesque receptas”. ‘ex hoste’ autem plus est, quam si ‘ex hostibus’ diceret, ut diximus supra (1.378). ‘ex hoste’ enim generaliter dicitur, ‘ex hostibus’ partem ostendit, sicut dicendo ‘terram’ significamus elementum, ‘terras’ vero singulas partes, ut Africae, Italiae.

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#110|112.]]}} {{sc|'''meum comitatus iter'''}} non spe salutis, sed mei causa me secutus, ut (2.704) “cedo equidem nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso”.

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#110|113.]]}} {{sc|'''caelique ferebat'''}} ut ante morte praeventus sit, quam ferre desierit. et mire inperfecto usus est tempore, ac si diceret ‘adhuc si viveret, ferret’.

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#110|114.]]}} {{sc|'''vires ultra sortemque senectae'''}} quia senectae sors quies est et otium, sicut pueritiae ludus, amor adulescentiae, ambitus iuvenalis aetatis. ergo aliud ferebat pater, quam sors exigebat senectae.

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#115|116.]]}} {{sc|'''orans mandata dabat'''}} sic dictum est, ut (1.666) “supplex tua numina posco”: maior enim ad impetrandum vis est eum rogare, qui possit iubere. {{sc|'''mandata dabat'''}} ut (5.735) “huc casta Sibylla nigrarum multo pecudum te sanguine ducet”.

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#115|118.]]}} {{sc|'''lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis'''}} Hecate trium potestatum numen est: ipsa enim est Luna, Diana, Proserpina. sed solam Proserpinam dicere non potuit propter lucos qui Dianae sunt, item Dianam, quia ‘Avernis’ ait: unde elegit nomen, in quo utrumque constabat. unde Lucanus de Proserpina ait (6.700) “Hecate pars ultima nostrae”.

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#115|119.]]}} {{sc|'''si potuit Manes'''}} nititur exemplis quae inferiora sunt per comparationem, ut ipse videatur iustius velle descendere: nam Orpheus revocare est conatus uxorem, hic vult tantum patrem videre. Orpheus autem voluit quibusdam carminibus reducere animam coniugis: quod quia implere non potuit, a poetis fingitur receptam iam coniugem perdidisse dura lege Plutonis: quod etiam Vergilius ostendit dicendo ‘arcessere’, quod evocantis est proprie.

{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''fidibusque canoris'''}} bene sonantibus chordis. ‘fidibus’ autem est a nominativo ‘haec fidis’, ut sit pyrrichius: nam ‘fides’ iambus est.

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#120|121.]]}} {{sc|'''si fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit'''}} ut diximus supra (2.601), Helena et Pollux de Iove nati inmortales fuerunt, nam Castor Tyndarei filius fuit: cuius mortem suo interitu fraterna pietas redemit. quod ideo fingitur, quia horum stellae ita se habent, ut occidente una oriatur altera. et item exemplum per comparationem: quod quia pium est, se ad frequentiam contulit dicendo ‘itque reditque viam totiens’.

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#120|122.]]}} {{sc|'''quid Thesea'''}} durum exemplum, unde nec inmoratus est in eo. dicit autem inferos debere patere pietati, qui patuerunt infanda cupienti: nam hic ad rapiendam Proserpinam ierat cum Pirithoo et illic retentus luit poenas, ut (617) “sedet aeternumque sedebit infelix Theseus”.

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#120|123.]]}} {{sc|'''magnum quid memorem Alciden?'''}} melius sic distinguitur, licet quidam legant ‘quid Thesea magnum’, ut epitheton ei dent, qui per se non est magnus: nam Herculem etiam sine epitheto magnum intellegimus. sed melius est ‘magnum’ dare Herculi, quam sacrilego. {{sc|'''et mi genus ab Iove summo'''}} occurrit tacitae quaestioni: hi enim qui descenderant, a diis ducebant originem.

{{ancora+|124|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#120|124.]]}} {{sc|'''arasque tenebat'''}} rogabant enim deos ararum ansas tenentes.

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''sate sanguine divum'''}} unde Aeneas desiit, inde haec sumpsit exordium.

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#125|126.]]}} {{sc|'''facilis descensus Averni'''}} legitur et ‘Averno’, id est ad Avernum; sed si ‘Averni’, inferorum significat et lacum pro inferis ponit.

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#125|127.]]}} {{sc|'''noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis'''}} id est omni tempore homines in fata concedunt. et hoc poetice: nam Lucretius (3.978) ex maiore parte et alii integre docent inferorum regna ne posse quidem esse: nam locum ipsorum quem possumus dicere, cum sub terris esse dicantur antipodes? in media vero terra eos esse nec soliditas patitur, nec {{Graeca|κέντρον}} terrae: quae si in medio mundi est, tanta eius esse profunditas non potest, ut medio sui habeat inferos, in quibus esse dicitur Tartarus, de quo legitur (578) “bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras, quantus ad aetherium caeli suspectus Olympum”. ergo hanc terram in qua vivimus inferos esse voluerunt, quia est omnium circulorum infima, planetarum scilicet septem, Saturni, Iovis, Martis, Solis, Veneris, Mercurii, Lunae, et duorum magnorum. hinc est quod habemus (439) “et novies Styx interfusa coercet”: nam novem circulis cingitur terra. ergo omnia quae de inferis finguntur, suis locis hic esse conprobabimus. quod autem dicit ‘patet atri ianua Ditis sed revocare gradum superasque evadere ad auras hoc opus hic labor est’ aut poetice dictum est aut secundum philosophorum altam scientiam, qui deprehenderunt bene viventium animas ad superiores circulos, id est ad originem suam redire: quod dat Lucanus (9.13) Pompeio ut “vidit quanta sub nocte iaceret nostra dies”: male viventium vero diutius in his permorari corporibus permutatione diversa et esse apud inferos semper.

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#125|129.]]}} {{sc|'''pauci quos aequus amavit Iuppiter'''}} tria genera hominum dicit ad superos posse remeare: quos diligit Iuppiter, hoc est hos quos in ortu benignus siderum aspectus inradiat, Iuvenalis (7.194) “distat enim, quae sidera te excipiant modo primos incipientem edere vagitus”: quos prudentia sublevat, nam hoc est ‘quos ardens evexit ad aethera virtus’: item religiosos, quos a diis genitos dicit; consequens enim est ut deorum suboles religionibus vacet. ‘diis’ autem ‘geniti’, quia corporibus se infundebant potestates supernae, unde heroes procreabantur.

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#130|131.]]}} {{sc|'''tenent media omnia silvae'''}} causam reddit cur non facilis sit animarum regressus, quia omnia polluta et inquinata sunt: nam per silvas tenebras et lustra significat, in quibus feritas et libido dominantur.

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#130|132.]]}} {{sc|'''cocytusque sinu labens circumfluit atro'''}} fluvius inferorum est, dictus {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τοῦ κωκύειν}}, id est lugere: nam Homerus sic posuit. est autem hic locus vicinus Acheronti, de quo diximus supra: qui ideo luctuosi esse finguntur, quia, ut exposuimus in primis partibus libri (107), haec sacra morte hominis fiebant.

{{ancora+|134|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#130|134.]]}} {{sc|'''bis Stygios innare lacus'''}} modo et post mortem. quod autem dicit Ovidius Aenean inter deos relatum, non mirum est: nam, ut supra (4.654) diximus, necesse est etiam relatorum inter deos apud inferos esse simulacra, ut Herculis, Liberi patris, Castoris et Pollucis. multi hoc non videntes ad Sibyllam referunt, ut dicat: vis me bis inferos cernere, modo et ‘cum me lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis’, quod est paulo post (564) dictura. quod si est, non bis haec, sed tertio inferos cernet: nam quandoque etiam ipsa morietur. item hi supra dictam non videntes rationem, dicunt de se Sibyllam dicere: nam si de Aenea dicat, non eum praevidet deum futurum. quod si est, caruit numine et quemadmodum est de Miseno vaticinatura? unde referre nos debemus ad id ut dicamus etiam post apotheosin apud inferos remanere simulacra. {{sc|'''stygios lacus'''}} Styx palus quaedam apud inferos dicitur, de qua legimus (324) “di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen”: quod secundum fabulas ideo est, quia dicitur Victoria, Stygis filia, bello Gigantum Iovi favisse: pro cuius rei remuneratione Iuppiter tribuit ut dii iurantes per eius matrem non audeant fallere. ratio autem haec est: Styx maerorem significat, unde {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τοῦ στυγεροῦ}}, id est a tristitia Styx dicta est. dii autem laeti sunt semper: unde etiam inmortales, quia {{Graeca|ἄφθαρτοι καὶ μακάριοι}}, hoc est sine morte beati. hi ergo quia maerorem non sentiunt, iurant per rem suae naturae contrariam, id est tristitiam, quae est aeternitati contraria. ideo iusiurandum per execrationem habent.

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''tartara'''}} locus inferorum profundus, de quo Lucanus (6.748) ad inferos dicit “cuius vos estis superi”. {{sc|'''insano'''}} magno.

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#135|136.]]}} {{sc|'''accipe quae peragenda prius'''}} si vis, inquit, reverti, audi observationis praecepta. et sub imagine fabularum docet rectissimam vitam, per quam animabus ad superos datur regressus. {{sc|'''latet arbore opaca aureus'''}} licet de hoc ramo hi qui de sacris Proserpinae scripsisse dicuntur, quiddam esse mysticum adfirment, publica tamen opinio hoc habet. Orestes post occisum regem Thoantem in regione Taurica cum sorore Iphigenia, ut supra (2.116) diximus, fugit et Dianae simulacrum inde sublatum haud longe ab Aricia collocavit. in huius templo post mutatum ritum sacrificiorum fuit arbor quaedam, de qua infringi ramum non licebat. dabatur autem fugitivis potestas, ut si quis exinde ramum potuisset auferre, monomachia cum fugitivo templi sacerdote dimicaret: nam fugitivus illic erat sacerdos ad priscae imaginem fugae. dimicandi autem dabatur facultas quasi ad pristini sacrificii reparationem. nunc ergo istum inde sumpsit colorem. ramus enim necesse erat ut et unius causa esset interitus: unde et statim mortem subiungit Miseni: et ad sacra Proserpinae accedere nisi sublato ramo non poterat. inferos autem subire hoc dicit, sacra celebrare Proserpinae. de reditu autem animae hoc est: novimus Pythagoram Samium vitam humanam divisisse in modum y litterae, scilicet quod prima aetas incerta sit, quippe quae adhuc se nec vitiis nec virtutibus dedit: bivium autem Y litterae a iuventute incipere, quo tempore homines aut vitia, id est partem sinistram, aut virtutes, id est dexteram partem sequuntur: unde ait Persius (5.35) “traducit trepidas ramosa in compita mentes”. ergo per ramum virtutes dicit esse sectandas, qui est Y litterae imitatio: quem ideo in silvis dicit latere, quia re vera in huius vitae confusione et maiore parte vitiorum virtus et integritas latet. alii dicunt ideo ramo aureo inferos peti, quod divitiis facile mortales intereunt. Tiberianus “aurum, quo pretio reserantur limina Ditis”.

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#135|137.]]}} {{sc|'''lento vimine'''}} flexili, ut “lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis”: alias gravi.

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#135|138.]]}} {{sc|'''iunoni infernae'''}} Proserpinae, ut (4.638) “sacra Iovi Stygio”. {{sc|'''dictus'''}} dicatus.

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#135|139.]]}} {{sc|'''et obscuris claudunt convallibus umbrae'''}} re vera enim nemus Aricinum densum est.

{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''sed non ante datur'''}} sive iustis sive iniustis. sic intellegentes removebimus quaestionem: hinc enim dicit (409) “longo post tempore visum”. ex eo enim quod dicit descendisse aliquos, ramum quoque depositum esse significat. {{sc|'''telluris operta'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt inferos in medio esse terrarum: quos Iuvenalis dicit putari esse sub terris, ut (2.149) “esse aliquos manes et subterranea regna”.

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#140|142.]]}} {{sc|'''pulchra'''}} quae rapi meruit. {{sc|'''suum'''}} sibi carum.

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#140|143.]]}} {{sc|'''non deficit alter'''}} ne diceret ab his, qui primo descenderunt, esse sublatum.

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#140|144.]]}} {{sc|'''frondescit'''}} in naturam redit. et honeste locutus est dicens: habet frondes sui metalli.

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''alte vestiga oculis'''}} require omni intentione. {{sc|'''rite repertum carpe'''}} ‘rite carpe’, id est cum observatione, non ‘rite repertum’.

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#145|147.]]}} {{sc|'''si te fata vocant'''}} hoc est, si quem fata vocant facile sequitur.

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#145|148.]]}} {{sc|'''poteris'''}} poterit quis. tertiae enim personae significationem ad secundam transtulit et generaliter loquitur: nam ut de Aenea dicat non procedit. si enim dubitat, caret deo nec potest de Miseno vaticinari. {{sc|'''duro ferro'''}} et genus esse potest et species.

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#145|149.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} ac si diceret: est et alia opportunitas descendendi ad inferos, id est Proserpinae sacra peragendi. duo autem horum sacrorum genera fuisse dicuntur: unum necromantiae, quod Lucanus exsequitur, et aliud sciomantiae, quod in Homero, quem Vergilius sequitur, lectum est. sed secundum Lucanum in necromantia ad levandum cadaver sanguis est necessarius, ut (6.667) “pectora tunc primum ferventi sanguine supplet”, in sciomantia vero, quia umbrae tantum est evocatio, sufficit solus interitus: unde Misenus in fluctibus occisus esse inducitur. {{sc|'''tibi'''}} ideo addidit ‘tibi’, ne ‘amici’ posset etiam ad Sibyllam referri.

{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''incestat'''}} polluit. et incestum est quaecumque pollutio.

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#150|151.]]}} {{sc|'''pendes'''}} sollicitus es, ut (3.372) “ipse manu multo suspensum numine ducit”. et proprie pendere est desiderare aliquid audire, ut (4.79) “pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore”.

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#150|152.]]}} {{sc|'''sedibus hunc refer ante suis'''}} apud maiores, ut supra (5.64) diximus, omnes in suis domibus sepeliebantur, unde ortum est ut lares colerentur in domibus: unde etiam umbras larvas vocamus a laribus, nam dii penates alii sunt. inde est quod etiam Dido cenotaphium domi fecit marito. ergo aut secundum istum locutus est morem, quamvis adhuc Troiani domos non habuerint: aut dicit, refer hunc naturalibus sedibus, id est terrae: nam in aqua perierat. verum tamen illud est, ut intellegamus eam dicere, sepeli eum: nam sepulcrum sedes vocatur: Horatius “nulla certior tamen rapacis Orci sede destinata divitem manet erum”, Vergilius (7.3) “et nunc servat honos sedem tuus ossaque nomen”. vel ‘suis’, quoniam eiusdem nominis locum habiturus sit. persuadet autem sepulturam, ut possit recentis cadaveris uti anima, ut ait Lucanus (6.712) “non in tartareo latitantem poscimus antro adsuetamque diu tenebris, modo luce fugata descendentem animam: primo pallentis hiatu haeret adhuc Orci”.

{{ancora+|153|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#150|153.]]}} {{sc|'''piacula sunto'''}} ad expiationem pollutionis, quae fuerat nata morte Miseni.

{{ancora+|154|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#150|154.]]}} {{sc|'''sic demum'''}} ad postremum, hoc est novissime. et haec particula tam apud Vergilium, quam apud omnes idoneos auctores hoc significat, licet in aliis diversa significet. {{sc|'''lucos Stygis et regna invia vivis aspicies'''}} Seneca scripsit de situ et de sacris Aegyptiorum. hic dicit circa Syenen, extremam Aegypti partem, esse locum, quem Philas, hoc est amicas, vocant ideo quod illic est placata ab Aegyptiis Isis, quibus irascebatur quod membra mariti Osiridis non inveniebat, quem frater Typhon occiderat. quae inventa postea cum sepelire vellet, elegit vicinae paludis tutissimum locum, quam transitu constat esse difficilem; limosa enim est et papyris referta et alta. ultra hanc est brevis insula, inaccessa hominibus, unde Abatos appellata est: Lucanus (10.323) “hinc Abatos, quam nostra vocat veneranda vetustas”. haec palus Styx vocatur, quod tristitiam transeuntibus gignit. sane ad illam insulam ab his qui sacris inbuti sunt, certis transitur diebus. lectum est etiam quod vicini populi cadavera suorum ad alteram regionem transferunt; sed si quis forte in fluvio pereat nec eius inveniatur cadaver, post centum ei annos ultima persolvuntur. hinc est tractum (329) “centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum”. {{sc|'''et regna invia'''}} quae contra naturam fiunt non adserunt praeiudicium generalitati: unde ait ‘invia regna’, licet et Hercules aliique transierint et sit transiturus Aeneas. sic dictum est et illud (425) “evaditque celer ripam inremeabilis undae”.

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#155|156.]]}} {{sc|'''maesto vultu'''}} propter mortem amici et rami inquisitionem. {{sc|'''defixus lumina'''}} defixa lumina habens, per quod tristitia mentis ostenditur.

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#155|157.]]}} {{sc|'''ingreditur'''}} pro graditur: vacat praepositio, ut (4.177) “ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit”.

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#155|159.]]}} {{sc|'''paribus curis vestigia figit'''}} aut simili sollicitudine detentus incedit: aut ‘figit vestigia’, id est stat subito, quod cogitantes facere consuerunt.

{{ancora+|160|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#160|160.]]}} {{sc|'''multa inter sese vario sermone serebant'''}} hic proprie dictus est sermo, qui inter utrumque seritur.

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#160|163.]]}} {{sc|'''indigna morte'''}} miserabili, non congrua eius meritis: vel propter animae etiam extinctionem elementi contrarietate.

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''martemque accendere cantu'''}} hemistichium hoc dicitur addidisse dum recitat.

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#165|168.]]}} {{sc|'''vita spoliavit'''}} ad bellum retulit, in quo victis tolluntur exuviae.

{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''non inferiora secutus'''}} ubique Aenean Hectori conparat, ut (11.291) “ambo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus armis”.

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#170|171.]]}} {{sc|'''cava dum personat aequora concha'''}} aut personare facit: aut hysterologia est, dum per cava aequora sonat.

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#170|172.]]}} {{sc|'''demens'''}} inprovidus, qui non consideravit etiam deos in aemulationem posse descendere.

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#170|173.]]}} {{sc|'''aemulus'''}} modo ‘eiusdem rei studiosus’, alias ‘inimicus’ invenitur. {{sc|'''exceptum'''}} oppressum insidiis: quo sermone ostendit eum tantae fuisse virtutis, ut ne a numine quidem nisi insidiis opprimeretur. {{sc|'''triton'''}} paenultima accentum habet, nam Tritonis facit: si enim ultima habeat, Tritontis facit, quod non procedit: ut Demophoon, Demophoontis.

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''ergo'''}} aut quia talis perierat, aut quia sic fuerat interemptus.

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#175|176.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipue pius Aeneas'''}} ubique Aenean supra ceteros inducit mortem cuiuslibet dolere, ut (1.221) “nunc Amyci casum gemit”, item (5.869) “casuque animum concussus amici”. hinc ei dat circa sepulturam etiam sordida officia, quae in aliis denegat locis. qui enim de pietatis generibus scripserunt primum locum in sepultura esse voluerunt: unde cum pontificibus nefas esset cadaver videre, magis tamen nefas fuerat si visum insepultum relinquerent. genus autem fuerat sepulturae iniectio pulveris: unde est (365) “aut tu mihi terram inice”. Horatius “non est mora longa; licebit iniecto ter pulvere curras”.

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#175|177.]]}} {{sc|'''aramque sepulcri'''}} pyram dicit, quae in modum arae construi lignis solebat: nam et sequitur ‘congerere arboribus caeloque educere certant’. et aram, quae ante sepulcrum fieri consuevit, intellegere non possumus, ut (3.63) “stant manibus arae”, cum nondum facta sit funeratio, quae praecedit sepulcrum. Probus tamen et Donatus de hoc loco requirendum adhuc esse dixerunt.

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#175|178.]]}} {{sc|'''caeloque educere certant'''}} ut hoc faciant mente pertractant: nam adhuc ituri ad silvas sunt.

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#175|179.]]}} {{sc|'''itur'''}} ‘eo’ e brevis est, ‘itur’ i longa invenitur. ergo quia hoc verbum breve est in origine et in declinatione fit longum, ideo certa eius natura nec in temporibus nec in participiis invenitur: nam cum ‘itur’ longa sit, ‘iturus’ brevis invenitur, ut “superumque in lumen ituras”. multi tamen temptant dicentes ‘itur’ propter ‘eo’, quae prima verbi origo est, per diphthongon scribi debere: quod non procedit, quia diphthongos semper longa est, ‘i’ autem et produci potest et corripi. hinc est quod ‘fortuitus’ i et producit et corripit: Iuvenalis (13.225) “non quasi fortuitus nec ventorum rabie, sed iratus cadat in terras et iudicet ignis”, contra Horatius “nec fortuitum spernere cespitem leges sinebant”. hic enim nisi i littera longa sit, non stat versus. et hoc protulimus exemplum unius sermonis, ne quis dicat ‘iturus’ et ‘itur’ ideo variam habere naturam propter temporum varietatem: unde melius est, ut diximus, originis considerare rationem. sane ‘fortuitus’ ab eundo est et a fortuna conpositum.

{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''procumbunt piceae'''}} picea secundum Plinium in naturali historia quinta species cedri est: nam cedria dicta est quasi {{Graeca|καιομένης δρυὸς ὑγρὸν}}, id est arboris umor ardentis.

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#180|183.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non Aeneas'''}} bona oeconomia venitur ad ramum.

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#180|184.]]}} {{sc|'''accingitur armis'''}} instruitur officiis.

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#185|186.]]}} {{sc|'''forte precatur'''}} vacat ‘forte’: et est versus de his qui tibicines vocantur, quibus datur aliquid ad solam metri sustentationem, ut (5.457) “nunc dextra nunc ille sinistra”: nec enim possumus intellegere eum fortuitu rogasse.

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#185|187.]]}} {{sc|'''si'''}} adverbium rogantis et optantis est per se plenum, sicut et ‘o’, quamquam neoterici haec iungant et pro uno ponant: Persius (2.10) “o si ebulliat patruus, praeclarum funus! et o si”.

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#185|188.]]}} {{sc|'''quando'''}} siquidem. et ‘nimium vere’ cum ingenti dixit adfectu, quasi mors praedicta falsa esse debuerit.

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cum forte columbae'''}} auguria aut oblativa sunt, quae non poscuntur, aut inpetrativa, quae optata veniunt. hoc ergo quia oblativum est, ideo dixit ‘forte’. bene autem a columbis Aeneae datur augurium, et Veneris filio et regi: nam ad reges pertinet columbarum augurium, quia numquam solae sunt, sicut nec reges quidem.

{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#190|191.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa sub ora'''}} perite, ne si longius volarent, non ad eum pertinere viderentur: nam moris erat ut captantes auguria certa sibi spatia designarent, quibus volebant videnda ad se pertinere.

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#190|193.]]}} {{sc|'''maternas'''}} Veneri consecratas, propter fetum frequentem et coitum.

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#190|194.]]}} {{sc|'''si qua via est'''}} si est ratio. et iam ex hoc loco esse incipit inpetrativum quod fuerat oblativum. {{sc|'''cursumque per auras'''}} ‘cursum’ vocavit impetum et eundi officium: nam et navium cursum dicimus.

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#195|196.]]}} {{sc|'''ne defice rebus'''}} ne desere in rebus incertis. et bene in silvis invocat matrem, quam iam scit sibi visam esse habitu venatricis, ut in primo (314) legimus.

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#195|197.]]}} {{sc|'''sic effatus'''}} proprie effata sunt augurum preces: unde ager post pomeria, ubi captabantur auguria, dicebatur effatus. {{sc|'''vestigia pressit'''}} quia ad captanda auguria post preces inmobiles vel sedere vel stare consueverant.

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#195|198.]]}} {{sc|'''observans quae signa ferant'''}} servare enim et de caelo et de avibus verbo augurum dicitur. {{sc|'''quo tendere pergant pascentes'''}} hinc iam optimum significatur augurium, quod pascebant. nam Romani moris fuit et in comitiis agendis et in bellis gerendis pullaria captare auguria. unde est in Livio quod cum quidam cupidus belli gerendi a tribuno plebis arceretur ne iret, pullos iussit adferri: qui cum missas non ederent fruges, inridens consul augurium ait ‘vel bibant’, et eos praecipitavit in Tiberim: inde navibus victor revertens [ad Africam tendens] in mari cum omnibus quos ducebat extinctus est. multi ‘pascentes’ distingunt, et absolutus est sensus. alii dicunt ‘pascentes volando’ et referunt ad naturam columbarum, quae exilientes pascere consuerunt. alii ‘volando’ ambulando dicunt: vola enim dicitur media pars pedis sive manus.

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#195|199.]]}} {{sc|'''prodire'''}} prodibant: infinitus pro indicativo.

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#200|201.]]}} {{sc|'''grave olentis'''}} male olentis: alibi bene olentis, ut “et graviter spirantis copia thymbrae floreat”.

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#200|202.]]}} {{sc|'''liquidumque per aera lapsae'''}} non est aëris perpetuum epitheton, sed purum et incorruptum ait Averni comparatione. dicit autem eas alte volasse ad vitandum Averni odorem.

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#200|203.]]}} {{sc|'''super arbore sidunt'''}} secundum antiquam licentiam.

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#200|204.]]}} {{sc|'''auri aura'''}} splendor auri: Horatius “tua ne retardet aura maritos”, id est splendor. hinc et aurum dicitur a splendore, qui est in eo metallo: hinc et aurarii dicti, quorum favor splendidos reddit.

{{ancora+|205|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#205|205.]]}} {{sc|'''brumali frigore viscum'''}} bene ‘brumali’ addidit: tunc enim maturum est et auri imitatur colorem, nam nova fronde viret. quod, ut ait Plinius in naturali historia (16.247), de fimo turdelarum in certis arboribus nascitur: unde Plautus “ipsa sibi avis mortem creat”.

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#205|207.]]}} {{sc|'''teretis truncos'''}} ‘teres’ est rotundum aliquid cum proceritate, ut “incumbens tereti Damon sic coepit olivae”. Horatius “brachia et vultum teretesque suras integer laudo”.

{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} bene verbo usus est augurum, ut diximus supra (1.92).

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#210|211.]]}} {{sc|'''cunctantem'''}} aliud pendet ex alio: ‘cunctantem’, quia ‘avidus’, ut ostendat tantam fuisse avellendi cupiditatem, ut nulla ei satisfacere posset celeritas: nam tardantem dicere non possumus eum qui fataliter sequebatur. alii ‘cunctantem’ ad auri naturam referunt, id est mollem, quia paulatim frangitur et lentescit. alii ‘cunctantem’ gravem dicunt, ut “glaebas cunctantes crassaque terga expecta”.

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#210|212.]]}} {{sc|'''nec minus'''}} nihilo minus ille deflebatur. {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum itur ad silvas.

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#210|213.]]}} {{sc|'''ingrato'''}} tristi, ut gratum laetum aliquid dicimus. alii ‘ingrato’ dicunt gratiam non sentienti.

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#210|214.]]}} {{sc|'''pinguem'''}} aut de Graeco transtulit {{Graeca|λιπαρὰν}} magnam: aut hypallage est, hoc est de pinguibus taedis.

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''frondibus atris'''}} aptis ad funera.

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#215|216.]]}} {{sc|'''ante cupressos constituunt'''}} cupressus adhibetur ad funera, vel quod caesa non repullulat, vel quod per eam funestata ostenditur domus, sicut laetam frondes indicant festae. Varro tamen dicit pyras ideo cupresso circumdari propter gravem ustrinae odorem, ne eo offendatur populi circumstantis corona, quae tamdiu stabat respondens fletibus praeficae, id est principi planctuum, quamdiu consumpto cadavere et collectis cineribus diceretur novissimum verbum ‘ilicet’, quod ire licet significat: unde est (231) “dixitque novissima verba”.

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#215|218.]]}} {{sc|'''pars calidos latices'''}} Plinius in naturali historia dicit hanc esse causam ut mortui et calida abluantur et per intervalla conclamentur, quod solet plerumque vitalis spiritus exclusus putari et homines fallere. denique refert quendam superpositum pyrae adhibitis ignibus erectum esse nec potuisse liberari. unde et servabantur cadavera septem diebus, et calida abluebantur, et post ultimam conclamationem conburebantur: unde traxit Terentius “desine, iam conclamatum est”. {{sc|'''aëna undantia flammis'''}} hoc est per flammas: alibi (7.466) “nec iam se capit unda: volat vapor ater ad auras”.

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#215|219.]]}} {{sc|'''lavant frigentis et ungunt'''}} versus Ennii, qui ait “Tarquinii corpus bona femina lavit et unxit”.

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''defleta'''}} participium ab eo quod est ‘fleor’, si tamen inveniatur; alias sine verbi origine esse dicemus.

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#220|221.]]}} {{sc|'''purpureas'''}} ad imitationem sanguinis, in quo est anima, ut diximus supra (5.79): ut (9.347) “purpuream vomit ille animam”. {{sc|'''velamina nota'''}} vel ipsi cara, vel animae: ex notitia enim gignitur caritas, ut “hic inter flumina nota”.

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#220|222.]]}} {{sc|'''feretro'''}} Graece dixit, nam latine capulus dicitur a capiendo: unde ait Plautus “capularis senex”, id est capulo vicinus. et ‘subiere feretro’ ut (7.161, 8.125) “subeunt muro”.

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#220|223.]]}} {{sc|'''more parentum'''}} propinquioribus enim virilis sexus hoc dabatur officium.

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#220|224.]]}} {{sc|'''facem'''}} de fune, ut Varro dicit: unde et funus dictum est. per noctem autem urebantur: unde et permansit ut mortuos faces antecedant.

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''fuso crateres olivo'''}} diis superis tantum libabant, inferis vero sacrificantes etiam vasa in ignem mittebant, unde ait ‘crateres’: quod etiam Statius in Archemori sepultura commemorat. ‘olivum’ autem ab oliva dixit: nam oleum ab olea dicitur.

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#225|226.]]}} {{sc|'''flamma quievit'''}} pyrae ingentis, quia, ut in quarto (685) diximus, pro qualitate personae pyrae fiebant. sepulcra etiam vel minora vel magna faciebant.

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#225|228.]]}} {{sc|'''ossaque lecta'''}} aut collecta, aut lecta ideo quia, ut supra (5.95) diximus, nobiles numquam soli conburebantur, sed cum dilectis equis vel canibus vel famulo.

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#225|229.]]}} {{sc|'''ter socios'''}} aut saepius, aut re vera ter: licet enim a funere contraxerint pollutionem, tamen omnis purgatio ad superos pertinet, unde et ait inparem numerum: aut quia hoc ratio exigit lustrationis. {{sc|'''circumtulit'''}} purgavit. antiquum verbum est. Plautus “pro larvato te circumferam”, id est purgabo: nam lustratio a circumlatione dicta est vel taedae vel sulphuris. Iuvenalis (2.157) “si qua darentur sulphura cum taedis”.

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''spargens'''}} quia res aguntur infernae. in secundo (719) Aeneas deos portaturus ait “donec me flumine vivo abluero”. hic enim erat mos, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''felicis olivae'''}} arboris festae. sed moris fuerat ut de lauro fieret. sane dicit Donatus quod hoc propter Augustum mutavit. nam nata erat laurus in Palatio eo die, quo Augustus: unde triumphantes coronari consueverant. propter quam rem noluit laurum dicere ad officium lugubre pertinere.

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#230|231.]]}} {{sc|'''novissima verba'''}} id est ‘ilicet’: nam ‘vale’ dicebatur post tumuli quoque peracta sollemnia.

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#230|233.]]}} {{sc|'''suaque arma viro'''}} ipsi cara sculpsit in saxo: nam supra ea iam legimus concremata. {{sc|'''remumque tubamque'''}} quia et bellator et remex fuerat. licet possimus etiam solam tubam accipere: remus enim dicitur lorum, quod continet tubam.

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#230|234.]]}} {{sc|'''monte sub aërio'''}} in aërio: nam supra est positus. ‘aërium’ autem alii altum dicunt, alii nomen montis antiquum volunt: unde est ‘qui nunc Misenus ab illo dicitur’.

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#235|236.]]}} {{sc|'''praecepta Sibyllae'''}} ut (153) “duc nigras pecudes, ea prima piacula sunto”.

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#235|237.]]}} {{sc|'''spelunca alta fuit'''}} qua ad inferos descendebatur, non ubi fuerat Sibylla vaticinata.

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#235|238.]]}} {{sc|'''scrupea'''}} lapillosa: nam scrupus proprie est lapillus brevis, qui incedentibus inpedimento est et pressus sollicitudinem creat: unde etiam scrupulus dictus est. {{sc|'''lacu nigro'''}} aut alto: aut vere nigro inferorum vicinitate. {{sc|'''tuta'''}} autem, quia hinc lacu, hinc cingitur silvis. dicit autem locum, quem nunc doliola vocant.

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#235|239.]]}} {{sc|'''volantes'''}} volucres: participium pro nomine posuit, ut “plurimus Alburnum volitans cui nomen asilo est”: licet illic sit etiam altera figura. sane sciendum Lucretium et alios physicos dicere aerem corporeum esse, unde et aves sustinet; sed hunc cedere vapori sulphureo, unde aves in illis locis desertae aere, quo portari solent, concidunt non odore, sed pondere: quod potest esse veri simile, quia altius in eodem loco possunt volare, ut (202) “tollunt se celeres liquidumque per aëra lapsae”.

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#240|241.]]}} {{sc|'''ad convexa'''}} caeli curvitatem.

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#240|244.]]}} {{sc|'''invergit vina sacerdos'''}} in quarto ait (61) “media inter cornua fundit”. et fundere est supina manu libare, quod fit in sacris supernis; vergere autem est conversa in sinistram partem manu ita fundere, ut patera convertatur, quod in infernis sacris fit. haec autem pertinent ad victimarum explorationem, ut, si non stupuerint, aptae probentur.

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#245|247.]]}} {{sc|'''voce vocans'''}} non verbis, sed quibusdam mysticis sonis: nam varie numina invocabantur, quod aperte Lucanus expressit, ut (6.688) “latratus habet illa canum gemitusque luporum: quod stridunt ululantque ferae, quod sibilat anguis exprimit et planctus fractaeque tonitrua nubis: tot rerum vox una fuit”. {{sc|'''caeloque ereboque potentem'''}} hoc est quod ait ‘Hecaten’, ut plenum numen ostenderet.

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#245|248.]]}} {{sc|'''supponunt cultros'''}} id est victimas caedunt. fuit autem verbum sacrorum, in quibus mali ominis verba vitabant. hinc est quod et mactare dicebatur, quod magis augere significat. dicimus autem ‘hic culter, cultri’: nam ‘cultellus’ diminutivum est, ‘cultellum’ penitus Latinum non est.

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#245|249.]]}} {{sc|'''succipiunt'''}} antique, nam modo ‘suscipiunt’ dicimus.

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''matri Eumenidum'''}} id est Nocti, ut (7.331) “hunc mihi da proprium, virgo sata Nocte, laborem”. et Eumenides dicuntur {{Graeca|κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν}}, cum sint inmites. {{sc|'''magnaeque sorori'''}} id est Terrae: nam, ut supra (2.251) diximus, nihil est aliud nox nisi umbra terrarum.

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#250|251.]]}} {{sc|'''ense ferit'''}} ut eum contra umbras haberet consecratum. hinc est quod ei dicit Sibylla (260) ‘tuque invade viam vaginaque eripe ferrum’, item (291) “strictamque aciem venientibus offert”. hoc autem etiam Homerus dicit. {{sc|'''sterilemque tibi Proserpina vaccam'''}} deae congruam, numquam enitenti.

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#250|252.]]}} {{sc|'''nocturnas aras'''}} quae tota nocte arderent. {{sc|'''inchoat'''}} autem perficit. et est verbum sacrorum.

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#250|253.]]}} {{sc|'''solida inponit taurorum viscera flammis'''}} non exta dicit, sed carnes, nam ‘viscera’ sunt quicquid inter ossa et cutem est: unde etiam visceratio dicitur, ut diximus supra (1.211). ergo per ‘solida viscera’ holocaustum significat, quod detractis extis arae superinponebatur. quae nonnumquam abluta et elixa etiam ipsa reddebantur: unde infert ‘fundens ardentibus extis’. quamquam alii pro parte totum velint, ut per exta totum animal intellegatur.

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''primi sub lumina solis et ortus'''}} atqui haec sacra, ut dicunt, per noctem fiebant. sed locutus est secundum Romanum ritum, quo dies creditur a medio noctis incipere: illo autem loco, quo dicit (539) ‘nox ruit Aenea’, non venit, sed finitur significat. quamquam alii dicant sacra haec a medio die incipere et perduci usque ad mediam noctem: quod si est, ‘nox ruit’ potest venit significare.

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#255|257.]]}} {{sc|'''visaeque canes ululare'''}} ita numinis ostendebatur adventus. ‘canes’ autem Furias dicit Lucanus (6.733) “Stygiasque canes in luce superna destituam”, sicut etiam diximus supra (3.209). ‘ululare’ autem et canum et Furiarum est.

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#255|258.]]}} {{sc|'''adventante dea'''}} ipsa scilicet Proserpina. {{sc|'''profani'''}} qui non estis initiati, {{Graeca|ἀμύητοι, βέβηλοι}}.

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#255|259.]]}} {{sc|'''totoque absistite luco'''}} hoc est, non tantum a spelunca, sed ab omni luci vicinitate discedite.

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''invade viam'''}} ingredere.

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#260|262.]]}} {{sc|'''furens'''}} deo plena: aut certe similis furenti.

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#260|264.]]}} {{sc|'''dii quibus imperium est animarum'''}} plenus locus alta sapientia. de qua varie disserunt philosophi: nam dicunt per alios animas ad inferos duci, ut (4.242) “hac animas ille evocat Orco pallentes, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit”; item per alios transferri, ut (315) “navita sed tristis”; per alios purgari, ut (740) “aliae panduntur inanes suspensae ad ventos”; per alios vero ad summa revocari, ut (749) “Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno”. sciens ergo de deorum imperio varias esse opiniones, prudentissime tenuit generalitatem. ex maiore autem parte Sironem, id est magistrum suum Epicureum sequitur. huius autem sectae homines novimus superficiem rerum tractare, numquam altiora disquirere. {{sc|'''umbraeque silentes'''}} secreta inferorum semper silentia: nam hominum umbrae loquuntur. hinc est “quae sacra silentia norunt”. invocat autem summum bonum, quod in silentio constare manifestum est.

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''et chaos'''}} elementorum confusio. invocat autem rerum primordia, quae in elementorum fuerunt confusione. per Phlegethonta, inferorum fluvium, ignem significat: nam {{Graeca|φλὸξ}} Graece, latine ignis est; unde secundum Heraclitum cuncta procreantur. et re vera sine calore nihil nascitur, adeo ut de septentrione dicat “sterili non quicquam frigore gignit”. {{sc|'''loca nocte silentia late'''}} aut hoc est quod supra ait ‘umbraeque silentes’, aut vult ostendere, esse partem mundi, in qua perpetuae sunt tenebrae. cum enim probatum sit quod legimus “et minima contentos nocte Britannos”, sphaerae exigit ratio, ut e contrario sit regio noctibus vacans.

{{ancora+|266|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#265|266.]]}} {{sc|'''sit mihi fas audita loqui'''}} de alta dicturus prudentia miscet poeticam licentiam. {{sc|'''sit numine vestro'''}} concedatur a vestro numine.

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#265|267.]]}} {{sc|'''alta terra et caligine mersas'''}} bene iunxit: ex terris enim caligo procreatur, id est umbra.

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#265|268.]]}} {{sc|'''obscuri sola sub nocte'''}} aut hypallage est ‘sub obscura nocte soli ibant’: aut ‘sub sola nocte’, id est ubi nihil aliud est praeter noctem.

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#265|269.]]}} {{sc|'''domos vacuas'''}} nostri mundi comparatione: simulacra enim illic sunt, quae inania esse non dubium est. {{sc|'''inania regna'''}} inanium: per quod ostenditur vacuum.

{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''inceptam'''}} alii ‘incertam’ legunt, illuc tamen recurrit; nam ‘incertam’ incipientem, id est minorem significat. {{sc|'''luce maligna'''}} obscura: nam malignum est proprie angustum, ut (11.525) “aditusque maligni”, id est minores, obscuri. sane sciendum, lunae, licet minoris, commemoratione ostendere eum, fuisse illic aliquid lucis: nam aliter omnia, quae dicturus est, videre non poterant.

{{ancora+|271|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#270|271.]]}} {{sc|'''ubi'''}} quando: nam non est loci, sed temporis.

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#270|272.]]}} {{sc|'''nox abstulit atra colorem'''}} hoc et videmus et tractatur ab Epicureis, rebus tollere noctem colorum varietatem: unde etiam apud inferos omnia nigra esse dicuntur. contra hos Academici una re pugnant: nam squamas piscium dicunt lucere per noctem.

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#270|273.]]}} {{sc|'''vestibulum'''}} ut Varro dicit, etymologiae non habet proprietatem, sed fit pro captu ingenii: nam vestibulum, ut supra (2.469) diximus, dictum ab eo, quod ianuam vestiat. alii dicunt a Vesta dictum per inminutionem: nam Vestae limen est consecratum. alii dicunt ab eo, quod nullus illic stet; in limine enim solus est transitus: quomodo vesanus dicitur non sanus, sic vestibulum quasi non stabulum. {{sc|'''faucibus orci'''}} deum posuit pro loco, ut Iovem dicimus et aërem significamus: Horatius “manet sub Iove frigido venator”. Orcum autem Plutonem dicit: nec enim per Charonta possumus intellegere inferos dictos, quia minor potestas pro imperio numquam ponitur, sed illa quae tenet imperium. ergo alter est Charon: nam Orcus idem est Pluton, ut in Verrinis indicat Cicero dicens “ut alter Orcus venisse Hennam et non Proserpinam, sed ipsam Cererem rapuisse videatur”. alibi ait “qua Ditem patrem emersisse ab inferis putant”. dicimus autem et hic Dis et hic Ditis.

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#270|274.]]}} {{sc|'''luctus et ultrices posvere cubilia curae'''}} ea dicit esse in aditu inferorum, quae vicina sunt morti; aut quae post mortem creantur; aut quae in morte sunt, ut pallorem. luctus enim post mortem est. {{sc|'''curae'''}} conscientiae, quae puniunt semper nocentes.

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''tristis'''}} severa, quae gignit severitatem. Cicero “iudex tristis et integer”.

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#275|276.]]}} {{sc|'''malesvada fames'''}} quae impellit homines interdum ad inlicita. {{sc|'''turpis egestas'''}} quae turpes facit. et quasi harum rerum imagines facit, quas dicit esse apud inferos ideo, quia in quem ista concurrunt, sit mortalis necesse est: unde deos inmortales dicunt, qui ista non sentiunt quibus mors creatur.

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#275|277.]]}} {{sc|'''terribiles visu formae'''}} omnes scilicet quas supra dixit.

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#275|278.]]}} {{sc|'''consanguineus leti sopor'''}} secundum Homerum: vel iuxta illud (522) “dulcis et alta quies placidaeque simillima mortis”. {{sc|'''mala mentis gaudia'''}} generaliter omnium scelerum dicit, ac si diceret ‘malae mentis gaudia’: ut cum male fecerunt gaudeant.

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#275|279.]]}} {{sc|'''mortiferumque adverso in limine bellum'''}} mire †cum omnia in vestibulo, bellum vero in limine ipso posuit, quoniam nulla maior est mortis causa quam bellum. et est familiare epitheton.

{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''eumenidum thalami'''}} Furiae numquam nupserunt: unde thalamos accipiamus in quibus natae sunt. alii thalamos dicunt, qui facti sunt auctoribus Furiis, in quibus adulteria et caedes admiserunt: sed non procedit, quia ait ‘terribiles visu formae’. et ut non videatur esse contrarium quia Furias paulo post (555) alibi dicit esse: nam possunt hic natae esse, et alibi manere, et alibi officium exercere poenarum.

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#280|281.]]}} {{sc|'''crinem vittis innexa'''}} ut (9.476) “scissa comam” et (1.228) “oculos suffusa”.

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#280|282.]]}} {{sc|'''in medio'''}} aut vestibulo: aut absolutum est, et intellegimus hanc esse eburneam portam, per quam exiturus Aeneas est. quae res haec omnia indicat esse simulata, si et ingressus et exitus simulatus est et falsus.

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#280|283.]]}} {{sc|'''ulmus opaca, ingens'''}} distinguenda sunt ista propter duo epitheta. et quidam tradunt ideo in ulmo somnia inducta, quod vino gravati vana somnient et ulmus apta sit viti: et ideo apud inferos rem inanem * * * {{sc|'''pandit'''}} non aperit, sed expandit, id est extendit. et (dicunt) quidam ‘pandit’ ab eo, quod est ‘aperit’ venire; nam quod apertum, est latius diffusum: hinc est “patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi”. {{sc|'''vulgo'''}} temere, passim, catervatim. an ‘vulgo ferunt’?

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#280|284.]]}} {{sc|'''vana tenere'''}} utrum {{Graeca|καθόλου}}, an quae ex his vana sunt? et duo somniorum genera putantur: unum de caelo, ut (5.722) “visa dehinc caelo facies delapsa parentis Anchisae”, quod est verum, aliud ab inferis, quod est vanum. {{sc|'''foliisque sub omnibus haerent'''}} qui de somniis scripserunt dicunt, quo tempore folia de arboribus cadunt, vana esse somnia: quod per transitum tetigit. ‘vana’ autem ideo, quia ab inferis; nam vera mittunt superi. Homerus {{Graeca|καὶ γάρ τ' ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐστίν}}: somnium de Iove.

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#285|286.]]}} {{sc|'''centauri in foribus stabulant'''}} bene ‘in foribus’, quia ea quae contra naturam possunt creari, statim pereunt. aut ideo in aditu monstra sunt posita, ut propter hoc terribiliora essent inferis. ‘stabulant’ autem habitant. et usurpative dixit, ut ‘populat’, luctat; nam stabulor dicimus. et bene adlusit, quia ex parte equi sunt. Centauri autem Ixionis et nubis filii sunt. Ixion enim amatam Iunonem de stupro interpellavit. illa confessa Iovi est, et ex eius voluntate nubem ei in suam formam conversam obtulit, unde feruntur nati esse Centauri. {{sc|'''scyllaeque biformes'''}} bene plurali usus est numero: nam et illa Nisi secundum alios in avem conversa est, secundum alios in piscem. ergo etiam ipsa biformis fuit, sicut haec in Siciliae freto. dictum autem est per poetae scientiam vel licentiam. quidam pluralem numerum pro singulari positum volunt: nam quae in avem conversa est nihil terroris habet. harum sane fabulae in bucolicis (6.74) plenius narratae sunt.

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#285|287.]]}} {{sc|'''centumgeminus Briareus'''}} centies duplex: secundum fabulas ipse etiam dictus est Aegaeon. qui, ut non nulli tradunt, pro diis adversus Gigantes bella gessit, ut vero alii adfirmant, contra deos pugnavit eo maxime tempore quo inter Iovem et Saturnum de caelesti regno certamen fuit: unde eum a Iove fulmine ad inferos tradunt esse trusum. alii dicunt, cum Iuno et Minerva et Neptunus ceterique dii Iovem ligare vellent, a Thetide Briareum adhibitum Iovem vinculis exemisse. {{sc|'''ac belua Lernae'''}} hydram dicit, serpentem inmanis magnitudinis, quae fuit in Lerna Argivorum palude; sed latine excetra dicitur, quod uno caeso tria capita excrescebant. cum saepe amputata triplarentur, admoto ab Hercule incendio consumpta narratur, cuius felle Hercules sagittas suas tinxisse dicitur. sed constat hydram locum fuisse evomentem aquas, vastantes vicinam civitatem, in quo uno meatu clauso multi erumpebant: quod Hercules videns loca ipsa exussit et sic aquae clausit meatus; nam hydra ab aqua dicta est. potuisse autem hoc fieri ille indicat locus, ubi dicit “omne per ignem excoquitur vitium atque exudat inutilis umor”. et utrum hic distinctio plena sit, an ‘horrendum stridens’ inferioribus iungendum sit? stridere enim bene Chimaerae datur, quae et serpentes habet et flammas.

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#285|288.]]}} {{sc|'''horrendum stridens'''}} pro ‘horrende’: adverbium qualitatis derivatum in nomen. {{sc|'''flammisque armata Chimaera'''}} Typhonis et Echidnae filia, ore leo, postremis partibus draco, media caprea secundum fabulas fuit. re vera autem mons est Ciliciae, cuius hodieque ardet cacumen, iuxta quod sunt leones; media autem pascua sunt, quae capreis abundant; ima vero montis serpentibus plena. hunc Bellerophontes habitabilem fecit, unde Chimaeram dicitur occidisse.

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#285|289.]]}} {{sc|'''gorgones'''}} hae Gorgones Phorci filiae tres fuerunt in extrema Africa circa Atlantem montem, quae omnes unum oculum habebant, quo invicem utebantur. quarum nomina haec fuerunt Stheno, Euryale, Medusa. sed Medusa, erecta favore Neptuni, ausa est crines suos Minervae capillis praeferre: qua re indignata dea, crines eius in serpentes vertit eamque excidi a Perseo fecit luminibus orbatam, fecitque ut quisquis caput eius vidisset verteretur in saxum. sed Perseus, Iovis et Danaes filius, cum ad eam occidendam volaret, prae se scutum ferens speculi candore perlucidum, sicut Minerva monstraverat, in umbra eius vidit caput Gorgonae et ita aversus accedens id amputavit. quod cum ad Polydecten regem pertulisset isque negaret id eius virtute confectum, conspicuum id regi fecit: cuius conspectu ille in saxum mutatus est, quod in Seripho insula hodieque ostenditur. Serenus tamen dicit poeta Gorgonas puellas fuisse unius pulchritudinis, quas cum vidissent adulescentes, stupore torpebant: unde fingitur, quod si quis eas vidisset, vertebatur in lapidem. sane quidam dicunt versus alios hos a poeta hoc loco relictos, qui ab eius emendatoribus sublati sint “Gorgonis in medio portentum inmane Medusae, vipereae circum ora comae, cui sibila torquent infamesque rigent oculi, mentoque sub imo serpentum extremis nodantur vincula caudis”. {{sc|'''harpyiaeque'''}} aut iam mortuas intellege, aut secundum Platonem et alios simulacra, licet vivarum, illic fuisse: nam dicunt esse omnium rerum ideas quasdam, id est imagines, ad quarum similitudinem procreantur universa. hinc est quod in Statio Amphiaraus Plutoni dicit “omnibus finitor rerum esse videris, mihi vero et sator”. harum autem simulacra bene apud inferos sunt, quae esse dicuntur et furiae. {{sc|'''tricorporis umbrae'''}} Eryli et Geryonis.

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#290|291.]]}} {{sc|'''offert'''}} non ad feriendum, sed ad repellendas umbras: unde et ‘offert’ dixit. sacerdos autem ferire prohibet.

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas'''}} sequitur illud Pythagoricum, dicens tenuisse eos viam post errorem silvarum, quae vel ad vitia vel ad virtutes, ut diximus (136), ducit. {{sc|'''tartarei Acherontis'''}} Acheronta vult quasi de imo nasci Tartaro, huius aestuaria Stygem creare, de Styge autem nasci Cocyton. et haec est mythologia: nam physiologia hoc habet, quia qui caret gaudio sine dubio tristis est. tristitia autem vicina luctui est, qui procreatur ex morte: unde haec esse apud inferos dicit.

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#295|297.]]}} {{sc|'''cocyto eructat harenam'''}} in Cocytum: scilicet per Stygem.

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#295|298.]]}} {{sc|'''has horrendus aquas'''}} propter tria flumina. {{sc|'''portitor'''}} proprie portitor est qui portat, abusive etiam qui portatur portitor dicitur, sicut vector.

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#295|299.]]}} {{sc|'''terribili squalore'''}} id est terribilis squaloris. {{sc|'''charon'''}} {{Graeca|κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν}} quasi {{Graeca|ἀχαίρων}}.

{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''canities inculta iacet'''}} veteres enim non solum comam ornabant, sed etiam barbam, ut non nullas videmus statuas. ideo dixit ‘inculta mento canities’. {{sc|'''stant'''}} horrent. et est polysemus sermo, ut diximus (1.646).

{{ancora+|302|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#300|302.]]}} {{sc|'''subigit'''}} subagit, sursum agit, regit. et est polysemus sermo: nam et ‘acuit’ significat, ut (7.627) “subiguntque in cote secures”, et compellit, ut (567) “subigitque fateri”. {{sc|'''velisque ministrat'''}} aut per vela, et est septimus: aut ‘velis obsequitur’, et est dativus.

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#300|303.]]}} {{sc|'''ferruginea'''}} nigra, tristi: nam lugubrem esse hunc colorem ipse ostendit dicens “cum caput obscura nitidum ferrugine texit”. {{sc|'''corpora cumba'''}} omne quod potest videri, corpus dicitur: unde paulo post discretionem fecit dicens (391) “corpora viva nefas Stygia vectare carina”.

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#300|304.]]}} {{sc|'''iam senior'''}} aut pro positivo posuit, id est senex: aut, ut diximus (5.409), ‘senior’ est virens senex, ut ‘iunior’ intra iuvenem est: quam rem a Varrone tractatam confirmat et Plinius. {{sc|'''cruda deo viridisque senectus'''}} {{Graeca|τὸ αἴτιον}}: ideo cruda et viridis, quia in deo. et bene ‘viridis’, ne contemneretur.

{{ancora+|309|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#305|309.]]}} {{sc|'''autumni frigore primo'''}} extremitatem vult ostendere, quod ait Iuvenalis (4.56) “iam letifero cedente pruinis autumno”: nam prima eius pars fervet, ut “totoque autumni incanduit aestu”. sane sciendum, secundum Plinium folia autumnali tempore ideo cadere, quia omnis tunc in arboribus umor aestatis calore invenitur exhaustus. ergo ‘cadunt’, non quia tunc siccari incipiunt, sed quia tunc eis iam deest umor.

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#310|311.]]}} {{sc|'''glomerantur aves'''}} bene rebus volitantibus animas comparavit, quae et ipsae volant.

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#310|312.]]}} {{sc|'''inmittit apricis'''}} quasi {{Graeca|ἄτερ φρίκης}}, id est sine frigore, ut diximus supra (5.128): unde non nulli et Africam dictam volunt.

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#310|313.]]}} {{sc|'''primi transmittere'''}} figura Graeca est: ut primi transirent.

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''tristis'''}} asper, inmiserabilis, severus.

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#315|317.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} ordo est: Aeneas ait, dic, o virgo: cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt, id est per suppositionem.

{{ancora+|319|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#315|319.]]}} {{sc|'''quo discrimine'''}} qua differentia. {{sc|'''ripas hae linquunt'''}} repulsae scilicet, non transeuntes.

{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''vada livida'''}} nigra. et ‘lividum’ invidum non nisi apud neotericos invenimus: Lucanus (1.288) “livor edax tibi cuncta negat, gentesque subactas”.

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#320|321.]]}} {{sc|'''longaeva sacerdos'''}} Sibyllam Apollo pio amore dilexit et ei obtulit poscendi quod vellet arbitrium. illa hausit harenam manibus et tam longam vitam poposcit. cui Apollo respondit id posse fieri, si Erythraeam, in qua habitabat, insulam relinqueret et eam numquam videret. profecta igitur Cumas tenuit et illic defecta corporis viribus vitam in sola voce retinuit. quod cum cives eius cognovissent, sive invidia, sive miseratione commoti, ei epistolam miserunt creta antiquo more signatam: qua visa, quia erat de eius insula, in mortem soluta est. unde non nulli hanc esse dicunt, quae Romana fata conscripsit, quod incenso Apollinis templo inde Romam adlati sunt libri, unde haec fuerat.

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#320|322.]]}} {{sc|'''deum certissima proles'''}} ex eo quod subire inferos potuit. ideo autem ‘certissima’, quia multi ad gloriam generis simulant se numinum filios, ut Romulus ex Marte, Alexander ex Iove Ammone. hoc ergo excludit. sic alibi de Hercule (8.301) “salve vera Iovis proles”.

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#320|324.]]}} {{sc|'''et fallere numen'''}} ut supra (134) diximus, sive propter Victoriae favorem, Stygis filiae: nam dicitur statuisse Iuppiter, ut si quis de diis fefellisset eius numen periurio, uno anno et novem diebus ab ambrosia et nectare prohiberetur. ratio autem est quam supra (134) diximus: ideo per Stygem dii iurant, quia tristitia contraria est aeternitati, {{Graeca|τὸ στυγνὸν τῷ μακαρίῳ χαὶ ἀθανάτῳ}}.

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''inops inhumataque turba est'''}} duo dicit, id est nec legitimam sepulturam habet, neque imaginariam. inopem enim dicit sine pulveris iactu — nam ‘ops’ terra est — id est sine terra, sine humatione. vult autem ostendere tantum valere inanem, quantum plenam sepulturam: nam et Deiphobi umbra transvecta est, cui Aeneas cenotaphium fecit, ut (505) “tunc egomet tumulum Rhoeteo in litore inanem constitui”. bene autem sepultos, id est fletos — nam sine fletu sepultura non est, unde legimus (11.372) “inhumata infletaque turba” — facit supradicta flumina transire, quibus luctus nomen inposuit. ‘centum’ autem ‘annos’ ideo dicit, quia hi sunt legitimi vitae humanae, quibus completis potest anima transire ripas, id est ad locum purgationis venire, ut redeat rursus in corpora. sane sciendum quia, cum terram dicimus, haec ops facit; si nympham dicamus, haec Opis; si divitias, hae opes numero tantum plurali.

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#325|327.]]}} {{sc|'''rauca fluenta'''}} aut rheumata dicit: aut bene pluraliter, quia de tribus loquitur.

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#325|328.]]}} {{sc|'''sedibus ossa quierunt'''}} id est prius quam corpus in naturam suam redeat, id est in terram.

{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna exoptata'''}} Lethaei scilicet fluminis.

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#330|331.]]}} {{sc|'''vestigia pressit'''}} scilicet cogitatione tardatus. et intentionem constantis ostendit.

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#330|332.]]}} {{sc|'''putans'''}} reputans, cum animo pertractans. {{sc|'''sortemque animo miseratus iniquam'''}} iniqua enim sors est puniri propter alterius neglegentiam; nec enim quis culpa sua caret sepulcro. bene autem ‘animo’, quasi re praesaga, ut alibi (10.843) “praesaga mali mens”: ipse enim Aeneas insepultus iacebit, ut (4.620) “mediaque inhumatus harena”.

{{ancora+|333|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#330|333.]]}} {{sc|'''mortis honore'''}} sepultura, ut (10.493) “quisquis honos tumuli”.

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#330|334.]]}} {{sc|'''ductorem classis'''}} apertum exemplum, classem dici etiam unam navem: nam legimus (1.113) “unam quae Lycios”.

{{ancora+|336|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#335|336.]]}} {{sc|'''auster'''}} hic distinguendum.

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#335|337.]]}} {{sc|'''sese agebat'''}} ‘sese agere’ est sine negotio incedere.

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#335|338.]]}} {{sc|'''qui Libyco nuper cursu'''}} bene ‘Libyco’: navigatio enim non a deverticulo, sed ab intentione accipit nomen.

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#335|339.]]}} {{sc|'''effusus in undis'''}} archaismos est: quamquam Donatus esse ordinem velit ‘dum servat sidera in undis mediis’.

{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''multa maestum cognovit in umbra'''}} prudentiores dicunt animas recentes a corporibus sordidiores esse donec purgentur: quae purgatae incipiunt esse clariores. unde ait paulo post (745) “donec longa dies perfecto temporis orbe concretam exemit labem purumque reliquit aetherium sensum atque aurai simplicis ignem”, id est non urentis, ut est solis. inde est quod aliae animae lunarem circulum, aliae solstitialem retinere dicuntur pro modo purgationis. bene ergo Palinurum obscura umbra circumdatum dicit et vix agnitum, qui ne ad loca quidem pervenerat purgationis: sic etiam de Didone dicturus est (452) “agnovitque per umbram obscuram”.

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#340|341.]]}} {{sc|'''quis te palinure deorum'''}} ‘quis deus’ debuit dicere, sed Graece dixit {{Graeca|τίς θεῶν}}.

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#340|342.]]}} {{sc|'''eripuit nobis'''}} bene ‘nobis’: gubernator enim communi perit periculo. {{sc|'''sub aequore mersit'''}} tmesis est: medio aequore submersit.

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#340|343.]]}} {{sc|'''dic age'''}} hortantis adverbium est: unde est et ‘age sta’ et ‘age facite’.

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#345|346.]]}} {{sc|'''venturum Ausonios'''}} {{Graeca|κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον}} intellegimus.

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#345|347.]]}} {{sc|'''cortina'''}} cortina dicta est aut quod cor teneat, aut quod tripus saeptus erat corio serpentis, ut diximus supra (3.92): aut certe secundum Graecam etymologiam {{Graeca|ὅτι τὴν κόρην τείνει ἤτοι τινάσσει}}, id est quod extendit puellam, ut (49) “maiorque videri”.

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#345|348.]]}} {{sc|'''nec me'''}} hic distinguendum, ne sit contrarium: nam eum Somnus deiecit. quamquam alii frustra dicant quod credebat Phorbantem, cum extinctis divinandi sit concessa licentia, ut nunc iam sciat Somnum fuisse.

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#345|349.]]}} {{sc|'''namque gubernaclum'''}} ut sit veri simile, quod post triduum tetigit litus Italiae.

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#350|351.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipitans'''}} dum praecipitarer. {{sc|'''maria aspera ivro'''}} aut execratio est, ut (2.431) “Iliaci cineres”: aut certe iurat quasi nauta per maria.

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#350|353.]]}} {{sc|'''spoliata armis'''}} propter amissionem gubernaculi. {{sc|'''excussa magistro'''}} nove dixit: de qua fuerat magister excussus.

{{ancora+|354|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#350|354.]]}} {{sc|'''surgentibus undis'''}} non quia tempestas fuerit, favente Neptuno, sed tumens pelagus fuisse significat. nec de Aeneae peritia desperavit, sed propter perditum gubernaculum. et ostendit se magis timuisse pro navi, cum esset ipse periturus.

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''hibernas'''}} asperas. et retulit ad adfectum natantis.

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#355|358.]]}} {{sc|'''adnabam'''}} et hic distingui potest, et ‘adnabam terrae’.

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#355|359.]]}} {{sc|'''gens crudelis'''}} Lucanorum. et dicit eum a Veliensibus interemptum, ut (366) “portusque require Velinos”. sane sciendum Veliam tempore quo Aeneas ad Italiam venit, nondum fuisse. ergo anticipatio est, quae, ut supra diximus, si ex poetae persona fiat, tolerabilis est; si autem per alium, vitiosissima est, ut nunc de Palinuro ait: quamquam alii ad divinandi scientiam referant, quasi ab umbra dictum. Velia autem dicta est a paludibus, quibus cingitur, quas Graeci {{Graeca|ἕλη}} dicunt. fuit ergo ‘Elia’, sed accepit digammon et facta est ‘Velia’, ut ‘Enetus Venetus’.

{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''montis'''}} saxi, ut (12.687) “fertur in abruptum magno mons inprobus actu” pro saxo; alibi e contrario (2.308) “saxi de vertice pastor” pro ‘montis’: nam sunt ista reciproca.

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#360|362.]]}} {{sc|'''me fluctus habet'''}} quia secundum philosophos corpus solum nostrum est, quod nobiscum oritur, nobiscum perit. anima enim generalitatis est et adeo non est nostra, ut etiam in alia corpora plerumque transeat. ergo ‘me’ corpus meum, quod est hominis proprium. est autem Homeri {{Graeca|αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν}}.

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#360|363.]]}} {{sc|'''caeli iucundum lumen'''}} bene ‘iucundum’ addidit: est enim etiam apud inferos lumen, sed non iucundum.

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''his invicte malis'''}} qui inferos subire potuisti. ‘his’ autem, ac si diceret ‘quae cernis’.

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#365|366.]]}} {{sc|'''terram inice'''}} bene ante maius petiit, ut vel hoc impetraret. terrae autem iniectio secundum pontificalem ritum poterat fieri et circa cadaver et circa absentium corpora quibusdam sollemnibus sacris. {{sc|'''namque potes'''}} quia ubique eum rerum divinarum inducit peritum.

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#365|367.]]}} {{sc|'''siqua via est'''}} si est ulla ratio. {{sc|'''diva creatrix'''}} rerum omnium generaliter.

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#365|369.]]}} {{sc|'''innare'''}} navigare: more suo.

{{ancora+|370|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#370|370.]]}} {{sc|'''da dextram'''}} praesta auxilium: umbra enim numquam tenetur, ut (2.793) “ter frustra conpressa manus effugit imago”.

{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#370|371.]]}} {{sc|'''sedibus ut saltem'''}} ut saltem in morte requiescam sedibus placidis. et bene, quia nautae semper vagantur.

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#370|373.]]}} {{sc|'''tam dira cupido'''}} cupiditas ex deorum ira veniens: aut certe magna, ut (9.183) “an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido?”

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#370|374.]]}} {{sc|'''severum'''}} tristem: et haec reciproca sunt, ut contra “iudex tristis et integer”, id est severus.

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''eumenidum'''}} autem circa quem habitant Eumenides {{Graeca|κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν}} dictae. {{sc|'''ripamue iniussus abibis'''}} ut ‘abeo in Tuscos’, sicut diximus supra (4.106): quamquam alii ‘adibis’ legant.

{{ancora+|376|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#375|376.]]}} {{sc|'''desine fata deum flecti sperare precando'''}} fata quae semel decreverunt. et locutus est secundum Epicureos, qui dicunt “nec bene promeritis capitur neque tangitur ira”.

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#375|377.]]}} {{sc|'''duri casus'''}} inpossibilis ad mutationem.

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#375|378.]]}} {{sc|'''longe lateque per urbes'''}} de historia hoc traxit. Lucanis enim pestilentia laborantibus respondit oraculum manes Palinuri esse placandos: ob quam rem non longe a Velia ei et lucum et cenotaphium dederunt.

{{ancora+|379|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#375|379.]]}} {{sc|'''prodigiis acti caelestibus'''}} conpendiose et pestilentiam ortam et petitum significavit oraculum. {{sc|'''piabunt'''}} placabunt, expiabunt.

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#380|381.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternum'''}} in aeternum: et est adverbium. {{sc|'''palinuri'''}} plus est, quam si ‘tuum’ diceret.

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#380|382.]]}} {{sc|'''parumper'''}} id est paulatim laetari coepit: spem enim solam, non praesens acceperat beneficium. unde bene dictum est, quasi ab eo magna moderatione dolor recessit. alii ‘parumper’ valde parum volunt.

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#380|383.]]}} {{sc|'''gaudet cognomine terra'''}} nominis sui similitudine. facit autem ‘hic’ et ‘haec cognominis’: nam in Plauto lectum est cum una de Bacchidibus diceret “illa mea cognominis fuit” (Bac. 7). quod autem communi genere in ‘e’ misit ablativum, metri necessitas fecit.

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''navita'''}} epenthesis, ut ‘Mavors’. {{sc|'''inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda'''}} ut (7.289) “Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno”. et hinc ostenditur quod diximus (295), iuncta esse haec tria: Acheronta, Stygem, Cocyton. de his autem nascuntur alia, unde est (439) “et novies Styx interfusa coercet”.

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#385|386.]]}} {{sc|'''per tacitum nemus'''}} aut solum: aut ipsos tacitos, id est tacite.

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#385|387.]]}} {{sc|'''adgreditur dictis'''}} hoc sermone ostendit iratum.

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#385|388.]]}} {{sc|'''quisquis es armatus'''}} bene a praescriptione coepit, ac si diceret: nihil pium molitur armatus.

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#385|389.]]}} {{sc|'''quid venias'''}} cur; nam adverbium est. {{sc|'''iam istinc'''}} a loco in quo es.

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#390|391.]]}} {{sc|'''corpora viva'''}} quia, ut supra (303) diximus, sunt corpora etiam mortuorum quae tantum videntur, id est umbrae.

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#390|392.]]}} {{sc|'''me sum laetatus euntem'''}} lectum est et in Orpheo quod, quando Hercules ad inferos descendit, Charon territus eum statim suscepit: ob quam rem anno integro in compedibus fuit. ideo ergo ‘non laetatus’, scilicet propter supplicium suum. sane Alciden volunt quidam {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τῆς ἀλκῆς}} dictum, id est a virtute: quod non procedit, quia a prima aetate hoc nomen habuit ab Alcaeo, patre Amphitryonis. et scimus agnomina ab accidentibus dari.

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#390|394.]]}} {{sc|'''quamquam'''}} ac si diceret, hoc in te nondum probavi: scilicet per simulationem, nam noverat.

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''in vincla petivit'''}} Hercules a prudentioribus mente magis, quam corpore fortis inducitur, adeo ut duodecim eius labores referri possint ad aliquid: nam cum plura fecerit, duodecim tantum ei adsignantur propter agnita duodecim signa. quod autem dicitur traxisse ab inferis Cerberum, haec ratio est, quia omnes cupiditates et cuncta vitia terrena contempsit et domuit: nam Cerberus terra est, id est consumptrix omnium corporum. unde et Cerberus dictus est, quasi {{Graeca|κρεοβόρος}}, id est carnem vorans: unde legitur (8.297) “ossa super recubans”: nam non ossa citius terra consumit.

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#395|396.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsius a solio regis'''}} atqui Cerberus statim post flumina est, ut (417) “Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci personat”: nam illic quasi est aditus inferorum, solium autem Plutonis interius est. ergo aut ad naturam canum referendum est, qui territi ad dominos confugiunt: aut solium pro imperio accipiendum est, ut alibi arces pro imperio posuit, ut “inbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum”, cum Indi usque ad primos venerint fines, non usque ad arces.

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#395|397.]]}} {{sc|'''hi dominam Ditis'''}} aut de Graeco tractum est, qui uxorem {{Graeca|δέσποιναν}} dicunt: aut ‘Ditis thalamo’, ut ‘dominam’ Charon ad se retulerit.

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#395|398.]]}} {{sc|'''amphrysia vates'''}} Apollinea: et est longe petitum epitheton. nam Amphrysus fluvius est Thessaliae, circa quem Apollo spoliatus divinitate a Iove irato Admeti regis pavit armenta ideo, quia occiderat Cyclopas, fabricatores fulminum, quibus Aesculapius extinctus est, Apollinis filius, quia Hippolytum ab inferis herbarum potentia revocaverat.

{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''nec vim tela ferunt'''}} ac si diceret, tantum repellunt. {{sc|'''licet'''}} fas est: et est concedentis adverbium, sicut ‘esto’.

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#400|401.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternum'''}} adverbium est, ut supra (381). et subauditur bis ‘aeternum latrans aeternum terreat’, id est semper latrans.

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#400|402.]]}} {{sc|'''patrui'''}} quia Iovis est filia ex Cerere. {{sc|'''servet'''}} obtineat, custodiat, inhabitet, ut (7.52) “sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes”.

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#400|403.]]}} {{sc|'''troius Aeneas'''}} id est a diis originem ducens. {{sc|'''pietate insignis et armis'''}} propter illud (129) “pauci quos aequus amavit Iuppiter aut ardens evexit ad aethera virtus”.

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#400|404.]]}} {{sc|'''erebi'''}} Erebus proprie est pars inferorum, in qua hi qui bene vixerunt, morantur. nam ad Elysium non nisi purgati perveniunt: unde est (744) “et pauci laeta arva tenemus”. hinc fit ut quaeratur, an animae de Elysio in corpora possint redire? et deprehensum est non redire, quia per purgationem carent cupiditate.

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''si te nulla movet'''}} necessitate vult persuadere, quia scit manes nulla re flecti, ut “scirent si ignoscere manes”. {{sc|'''pietatis imago'''}} pietas: per periphrasin dicta, ut ‘vis Herculea’, id est Hercules.

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#405|406.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} nudat, ut (3.206) “aperire procul montes ac volvere fumum”.

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#405|408.]]}} {{sc|'''nec plura his'''}} nec est aliquid ulterius dictum vel a Sibylla, vel a Charonte post ramum visum.

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#405|409.]]}} {{sc|'''fatalis virgae'''}} ut (146) “sequetur, si te fata vocant”. {{sc|'''longo post'''}} aut adverbium est, aut praepositio antique posita.

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#410|411.]]}} {{sc|'''iuga'''}} Graece dixit: {{Graeca|ζυγὰ}} enim dicunt quae transtra nominamus.

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#410|412.]]}} {{sc|'''laxatque foros'''}} tabulata vacuat, ut supra (5.552) “et campos iubet esse patentes”: multitudine enim remota quasi laxantur spatia. {{sc|'''alveo'''}} fluminis scilicet. et per synaeresin ‘alvo’ facit.

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#410|413.]]}} {{sc|'''ingentem Aenean'''}} bene hunc solum dicit, ut per transitum ostendat purgatioris animi homines etiam corpora habere leviora: quod de Sibylla vult accipi.

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#410|414.]]}} {{sc|'''sutilis'''}} intexta: per quod fragilem ostendit.

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''tandem'''}} aut propter pondus Aeneae, quod est melius: aut propter paludis magnitudinem: aut propter caeni densitatem.

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#415|416.]]}} {{sc|'''informi limo'''}} magno, sine forma. {{sc|'''ulva'''}} herba palustri.

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#415|418.]]}} {{sc|'''personat'''}} aut personare facit: aut per regna sonat. et quia de animabus dicturus est, bene facit ante Cerberi commemorationem, consumptoris corporum: Lucanus (6.702) “qui viscera saevo spargis nostra cani”. tunc enim animae locum suum recipiunt, cum fuerit corpus absumptum.

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#415|419.]]}} {{sc|'''horrere videns iam colla colubris'''}} fingitur enim pro saetis habere serpentes. et est hypallage: in collo eius horrebant colubrae.

{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''offam'''}} hinc est diminutio ‘ofella’; sed ‘f’ non geminat: in diminutione enim plerumque multa mutantur. quod autem ait ‘melle’, adlusit ad corpora, quae plerumque cum melle obruuntur.

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#420|423.]]}} {{sc|'''totoque ingens extenditur antro'''}} per hoc magnitudo eius ostenditur, sicut ait in tertio (631) de Polyphemo.

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#420|424.]]}} {{sc|'''occupat Aeneas aditum'''}} raptim ingreditur. {{sc|'''sepulto'''}} dormiente sine pulsu, id est motu.

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''evadit'''}} modo ‘transit’. {{sc|'''inremeabilis undae'''}} aut perpetuum est epitheton, ut diximus supra (154), ut sit magnae pietatis et meriti quod ipsi concessum sit reverti: aut ipsi etiam Aeneae inremeabilis; nam per alteram egressus est partem, ut (898) “portaque emittit eburna”.

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#425|426.]]}} {{sc|'''continuo auditae voces'''}} novem circulis inferi cincti esse dicuntur, quos nunc exequitur. nam primum dicit animas infantum tenere, secundum eorum qui sibi per simplicitatem adesse nequiverunt, tertium eorum qui evitantes aerumnas se necarunt, quartum eorum qui amarunt; quintum virorum fortium esse dicit, sextum nocentes tenent qui puniuntur a iudicibus, in septimo animae purgantur, in octavo sunt animae ita purgatae, ut redeant in corpora, in nono, ut iam non redeant, scilicet campus Elysius. vagitus et ingens fletus infantum.

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#425|427.]]}} {{sc|'''animae flentes'''}} poetice dixit. sane ploratus tantum lacrimarum est, planctus tantum vocum, fletus ad utrumque pertinet: quae plerumque confundunt poetae. {{sc|'''in limine primo'''}} quia de prima hi subrepti sunt vita.

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#425|428.]]}} {{sc|'''exortes'''}} expertes, {{Graeca|ἀκλήρους}} dicunt.

{{ancora+|429|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#425|429.]]}} {{sc|'''acerbo'''}} inmaturo: translatio est a pomis.

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#430|431.]]}} {{sc|'''sine sorte'''}} sine iudicio. traxit autem hoc ex more Romano: non enim audiebantur causae nisi per sortem ordinatae. nam tempore quo causae agebantur conveniebant omnes — unde et ‘concilium’ ait — et ex sorte dierum ordinem accipiebant, quo post diem tricesimum suas causas exequerentur: unde est ‘urnam movet’. Iuvenalis (13.4) “gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna”.

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#430|432.]]}} {{sc|'''quaesitor'''}} quaesitores sunt qui exercendis quaestionibus praesunt. et notandum quia Minoem quasi crudelem introducit, quod ei epitheton et Plato et Homerus dat: nam Aeacus et Rhadamanthus fratres mitiores sunt.

{{ancora+|434|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#430|434.]]}} {{sc|'''maesti loca'''}} aut paenitentia facti: aut ideo ‘maesti’, quia, ut diximus supra (4.653), secundum Platonem graviter puniuntur eorum animae, qui sibi inferunt mortem.

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''lucemque perosi'''}} figurate dixit: nam ‘perosus illius’ dicimus. sane ‘perosus’ et ‘exosus’ de eo tantum qui odit dicitur.

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#435|436.]]}} {{sc|'''proiecere animas'''}} quasi rem vilem.

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#435|437.]]}} {{sc|'''et duros perferre labores'''}} Homerus enim Achillis umbram introducit loquentem et dicentem libentius se apud superos cuncta adversa tolerare, quam apud inferos imperare. quod autem ait ‘aethere in alto’ poetice dictum est: aether enim supernus est, sed nostrum habitaculum aetherem vocavit inferorum comparatione.

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#435|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fata obstant'''}} iura naturae. {{sc|'''tristique'''}} tristi unda palus inamabilis, ne si ‘tristis’ dicamus, duo sint epitheta.

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#435|439.]]}} {{sc|'''novies Styx interfusa'''}} quia qui altius de mundi ratione quaesiverunt, dicunt intra novem hos mundi circulos inclusas esse virtutes, in quibus et iracundiae sunt et cupiditates, de quibus tristitia nascitur, id est Styx. unde dicit novem esse circulos Stygis, quae inferos cingit, id est terram, ut diximus supra (127): nam dicunt alias esse purgatiores extra hos circulos potestates.

{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''partem fusi monstrantur in omnem'''}} plures vult ostendere eos in quibus libido dominatur.

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#440|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lugentes campi'''}} quasi ‘lucis egentes’: quod et amoribus congruit.

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#440|442.]]}} {{sc|'''durus amor'''}} inmitis, inexorabilis. {{sc|'''tabe peredit'''}} corpore defluente paulatim.

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#440|443.]]}} {{sc|'''secreti celant calles'''}} amantibus congrui. {{sc|'''myrtea silva'''}} quae est Veneri consecrata.

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#440|444.]]}} {{sc|'''curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt'''}} hoc est, etiam illic amant et habent peractorum imaginem criminum, sicut etiam de piis dicturus est (653) “quae gratia curruum armorumque fuit vivis, quae cura nitentes pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos”. sane sciendum, ut diximus supra (4.412), loqui eum de amore generali, sicut etiam Plato in symposio tractat: nihil enim interest quid quis amet, dummodo amore teneatur. notandum etiam — nam rarum est — quia cum masculino genere supra usus sit, ut (442) “hic quos durus amor”, tantum feminarum ponit exempla, non quo desint viri, sed elegit sexum inpatientem ad amandum: tamen paulo post etiam Sychaei facturus est commemorationem.

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''his phaedram'''}} haec filia fuit Minois et Pasiphaes, uxor Thesei, quae privignum Hippolytum amore capta de stupro interpellavit et despecta apud maritum eum falsi criminis detulit. qui iratus invocavit Aegeum patrem, ut Hippolyto currus agitanti inmitteret phocam: quo facto territis equis et Hippolyto interempto Phaedra amoris inpatientia laqueo vitam finivit. {{sc|'''procrinque'''}} filia Iphicli, uxor Cephali fuit. qui cum venandi studio teneretur, labore fessus ad locum quendam in silvis ire consueverat et illic ad se recreandum auram vocare. quod cum saepe faceret, amorem in se movit Aurorae, quae ei canem velocissimam, Laelapam nomine, donavit et duo hastilia inevitabilia et reciproca, eumque in amplexus rogavit. ille ait iusiurandum se habere cum coniuge mutuae castitatis. quo audito respondit Aurora: ut probes igitur coniugis castitatem, muta te in mercatorem. quo facto ille iit ad Procrin et oblatis muneribus impetratoque coitu confessus est maritum. quod illa dolens cum audisset a rustico amare eum Auram, quam invocare consueverat, ad silvas profecta est et in frutectis latuit ad deprehendendum maritum cum paelice. qui cum more solito auram vocaret, Procris egredi cupiens frutecta commovit. sperans Cephalus feram, hastam inevitabilem iecit et ignarus interemit uxorem. {{sc|'''maestamque eriphylen'''}} haec Amphiarai, auguris Argivi, uxor fuit: quae latentem bello Thebano maritum Polynici prodidit monili accepto, quod ante uxori dederat. qui ductus ad proelium hiatu terrae periit. cuius filius Alcmaeon postea in vindictam patris matrem necavit et est, ut Orestes, furore correptus. vituperatur sane Vergilius quod maestam dixerit quam {{Graeca|στυγερήν}} legit, id est nocentem: nam maesta est {{Graeca|στυγνή}}.

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#445|447.]]}} {{sc|'''evadnenque'''}} haec †ifilli filia, uxor Capanei fuit, quae se in ardentem mariti rogum praecipitavit. {{sc|'''et pasiphaen'''}} haec, ut supra (14) diximus, tauri amore flagravit. {{sc|'''laodamia'''}} uxor Protesilai fuit. quae cum maritum in bello Troiano primum perisse cognovisset, optavit ut eius umbram videret: qua re concessa non deserens eam, in eius amplexibus periit.

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#445|448.]]}} {{sc|'''nunc femina caeneus'''}} Caenis virgo fuit, quae a Neptuno pro stupri praemio meruit sexus mutationem. fuit etiam invulnerabilis. qui pugnando pro Lapithis contra Centauros crebris ictibus fustium paulatim fixus in terra est, post mortem tamen in sexum rediit. hoc autem dicto ostendit Platonicum illud vel Aristotelicum, animas per {{Graeca|μετεμψύχωσιν}} sexum plerumque mutare.

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#450|451.]]}} {{sc|'''errabat'''}} vagabatur, ut “mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae”. et bene adlusit, quia et amaverat et se interemerat, ut quasi incertum esset, quem circulum posset tenere.

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#450|453.]]}} {{sc|'''obscuram'''}} recenti morte, ut diximus supra (340).

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#455|456.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix dido'''}} veniali utitur: et excusat se per necessitatem, ne mortis causa fuisse videatur. {{sc|'''verus mihi nuntius'''}} {{Graeca|κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον}} intellegendum quod sit nuntiatus Didonis interitus. alii ad ignem referunt visum (5.3): alii ad Mercurium, qui ait (4.564) “certa mori”. sed in neutro ei etiam mortis genus est significatum, et hic dicit ‘ferroque extrema secutam’. sane qui nuntiat genere tantum dicitur masculino, quod autem nuntiatur, licet neutro dicatur, tamen invenitur etiam masculino.

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#455|458.]]}} {{sc|'''funeris hev tibi causa fui'''}} ac si diceret, qui fueram ante voluptatis.

{{ancora+|459|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#455|459.]]}} {{sc|'''si qua fides tellure sub ima est'''}} ubi promissa exitum non habent. respexit autem ad Orpheum, qui receptam perdidit coniugem.

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#460|461.]]}} {{sc|'''quae nunc has ire per umbras'''}} argumentatur ex eo quod est inferos subire compulsus, invitum se reliquisse Carthaginem.

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#460|462.]]}} {{sc|'''senta situ'''}} squalida. et est translatio a terra inculta, in qua sentes nascuntur. situs autem proprie est lanugo quaedam ex umore procreata et fit in locis sole carentibus.

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#460|463.]]}} {{sc|'''nec credere quivi'''}} argumentationem tetendit, ac si diceret: si credidissem, forte etiam deorum iussa contemnerem.

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''siste gradum'''}} discedere eam datur intellegi.

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#465|466.]]}} {{sc|'''extremum fato quod te adloquor hoc est'''}} aut quia deus futurus est: aut, quod melius est, quia post mortem tenebit alterum circulum, viris fortibus scilicet, non amantibus datum.

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#465|467.]]}} {{sc|'''torva'''}} pro ‘torve’, id est terribiliter.

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#465|468.]]}} {{sc|'''lenibat'''}} pro ‘leniebat’. et antique dixit, ut (8.436) “squamis auroque polibant” pro ‘poliebant’. maiores enim in omnibus coniugationibus imperativo ‘bam’ addebant et faciebant inperfectum ab indicativo: quod in tribus adhuc observatur, in quarta etiam ‘e’ additur, ut nutri, nutriebat. {{sc|'''lacrimasque ciebat'''}} sibi, non Didoni: vel profundebat: aut certe illud dicit, sermo quidem eius lacrimas exigebat — nam ‘ciere’ est proprie alteri fletum movere — sed illa inmobilis mansit. tractum autem est hoc de Homero, qui inducit Aiacis umbram Vlixis conloquia fugientem, quod ei fuerat causa mortis.

{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''incepto sermone'''}} a principio orationis.

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#470|471.]]}} {{sc|'''dura silex'''}} saxi est species: generalitas enim esse non potest sequente specialitate. nam cautem Marpesiam Parium lapidem dicit; Marpessos enim mons Pari est insulae.

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#470|472.]]}} {{sc|'''tandem'''}} quasi diu deliberaverit.

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#470|473.]]}} {{sc|'''umbriferum'''}} umbrosum frondosum. {{sc|'''pristinus'''}} prior. quod difficile invenitur; nam de hoc sermone quaerit et Probus et alii.

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#470|474.]]}} {{sc|'''respondet curis'''}} aut pari eam diligit adfectione, (id est) tantum amat quantum amatus est — quod in Aenea non fuit, qui plus amatus est et amantem deseruit — ut expressio rei supra dictae sit ‘aequatque Sychaeus amorem’: aut certe ‘respondet curis’ par est mortis similitudine; ferro enim uterque consumptus est.

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#475|476.]]}} {{sc|'''prosequitur lacrimis longe'''}} oculis eam sequebatur umentibus.

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#475|477.]]}} {{sc|'''datum molitur iter'''}} peragit. ‘datum’ autem dixit aut ratione fati concessum, aut oblatum fortuito, quod {{Graeca|τυχὸν}} dicunt. an iniunctum? {{sc|'''arva tenebant ultima'''}} atqui multa adhuc supersunt. sed dixit quantum ad y pertinet litteram: in his enim quae dixit mixta sunt virtutibus vitia, in his autem quae dicturus est nocentum poenas a piorum segregat meritis. nam inferi, ut diximus supra (127), humanam continent vitam, hoc est animam in corpore constitutam. haec autem quae dixit mixta esse manifestum est: licet enim in viris fortibus laudetur virtus, est tamen vituperabile alienum imperium caedibus occupare; item amare privignum crimen est, virtus maritum. alii distinctione mutata dicunt: tenebant arva, quae ultima viri fortes frequentant, id est quae possident ultima.

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#475|479.]]}} {{sc|'''hic illi occurrit tydeus'''}} Althaeae et Oenei filius, quem in bello Thebano Melanippus extinxit.

{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''parthenopaeus'''}} Melanippae et Martis, sive Melanionis filius, rex Arcadiae fuit, qui Thebana bella puer admodum petiit. {{sc|'''adrasti pallentis imago'''}} rex Sicyonis Adrastus primo fuit, post Argivorum, socer, sicut dictum est, Tydei et Polynicis. quod autem ait ‘pallentis’ aut epitheton est umbrae, aut illud respexit, quia in bello Thebano consumptis sex ducibus solus aufugit. fugae autem comes semper est pallor.

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#480|481.]]}} {{sc|'''multum fleti'''}} id est nobiles, quorum mortem magna sequitur lamentatio. {{sc|'''ad'''}} pro ‘apud’. {{sc|'''caduci'''}} qui bello ceciderunt, id est mortui, a cadendo: unde et cadavera dicta.

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#480|482.]]}} {{sc|'''longo ordine'''}} ingenti multitudine, ut (2.766) “pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres”, non ad ordinem stantes. sane ‘in’ minus est: in longo ordine, in ingenti multitudine.

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#480|484.]]}} {{sc|'''tris antenoridas'''}} multi supra dictos accipiunt: quod falsum esse Homerus docet, qui eos commemorat. {{sc|'''cereri sacrum'''}} sacratum: nomen pro participio.

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''idaeumque'''}} quem aurigam legimus Priami. {{sc|'''etiam'''}} adhuc, ut (654) “quae cura nitentes pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos”.

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#485|487.]]}} {{sc|'''usque'''}} diu: et est adverbium.

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#490|491.]]}} {{sc|'''trepidare'''}} pro ‘trepidabant’.

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#490|492.]]}} {{sc|'''ceu quondam petiere rates'''}} ostendit vitia nec morte finiri.

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#490|493.]]}} {{sc|'''frustratur hiantis'''}} decipit clamare cupientes. nec nos moveat quod aliis umbris verba dat, his silentium: timorem enim exprimit, qui vivis quoque adimit vocem, ut (3.48) “obstipui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit”.

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''deiphobum vidit'''}} qui Helenam duxerat mortuo Paride: ad cuius domum primum ire necesse erat, ubi fuerat causa bellorum, ut (2.310) “iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam, Vulcano superante, domus”. {{sc|'''lacerum'''}} pro ‘laceratum’, id est habentem ora lacerata.

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#495|496.]]}} {{sc|'''populata'''}} vastata, deformia sublatis auribus. {{sc|'''truncas'''}} truncatas.

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#495|497.]]}} {{sc|'''inhonesto'''}} foedo, deformi, turpi, ut Terentius “illumne obsecro inhonestum senem, mulierem?”

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#495|498.]]}} {{sc|'''pavitantem'''}} ne agnosceretur timentem. {{sc|'''tegentem'''}} tegere volentem: nam truncatis manibus quid tegebat? ‘tegere’ autem est celare, ut e contra ‘nudare’ est indicare, ut (1.355) “traiectaque pectora ferro nudavit”.

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#495|499.]]}} {{sc|'''notis vocibus'''}} amicalibus.

{{ancora+|501|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#500|501.]]}} {{sc|'''optavit sumere'''}} elegit ut sumeret. {{sc|'''de te'''}} pro ‘in te’.

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''rhoeteo in litore'''}} ubi erat asylum Aiacis, sicut in Sigeo Achillis. et bene illic, quasi ubi tutus esse potueram. sane Rhoeteium dicitur, et fecit Rhoeteum, sicut est Cytherea pro Cythereia.

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#505|507.]]}} {{sc|'''et arma'''}} depicta scilicet. {{sc|'''servant'''}} tenent. {{sc|'''te'''}} pro tuum corpus, ut (362) “nunc me fluctus habet”.

{{ancora+|510|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#510|510.]]}} {{sc|'''omnia deiphobo solvisti'''}} quia constituto tumulo manes vocavit. {{sc|'''funeris umbris'''}} sepulturae meae umbris: nam funus illic esse non potuit, ubi ne cadaver quidem fuerat.

{{ancora+|511|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#510|511.]]}} {{sc|'''fata mea et scelus exitiale lacaenae'''}} secundum mathematicos, qui dicunt etiam inimicitias ex fato descendere: unde ista coniunxit, fatum et scelus Helenae, per quam illi mors contigit.

{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#510|512.]]}} {{sc|'''monumenta'''}} sermo est medius, dictus ab eo quod moneat mentem: unde est hic de malis, e contra in tertio (486) “manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint puer”.

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#510|514.]]}} {{sc|'''egerimus'''}} ‘ri’ metri necessitate corripuit. {{sc|'''meminisse necesse est'''}} Cicero “cui placet obliviscitur, cui dolet meminit”. ergo quia dolet, meminerit necesse est.

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''fatalis'''}} mortifer, ut (8.621) “fatiferumque ensem”. {{sc|'''super ardua venit pergama'''}} aut quod in arce est positus: aut quia deiectis muris supra tractus est.

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#515|516.]]}} {{sc|'''gravis'''}} gravidus, ut “graves temptabunt pabula fetas”. supra autem dixerat (2.238) “feta armis”.

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#515|517.]]}} {{sc|'''euantis'''}} euantis Phrygias: aliter non stat versus. ‘euantes’ autem bacchantes a Libero, qui Euan dicitur. ‘chorum’ autem ait multitudinem in sacra collectam.

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#515|518.]]}} {{sc|'''circum ducebat'''}} divisit in duos versus unam partem orationis, sed ideo, quia est composita. lyrici vero etiam incompositam partem orationis in duos dividunt versus.

{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''confectum curis'''}} atqui vacaverat gaudiis; sed illud ostendit quod ait Statius “stant veteres ante ora metus”: nam curae ferebantur suo impetu ex pristino bellorum tumultu. alii hanc ipsam curam volunt, quod habebat coniugem perniciosam maritis: unde sequitur (523) ‘egregia interea coniunx’ per ironiam.

{{ancora+|525|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#525|525.]]}} {{sc|'''vocat menelaum et limina pandit'''}} ante pandit et sic vocat, ut (8.125) “subeunt luco fluviumque relinquunt”.

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#525|526.]]}} {{sc|'''id magnum sperans fore munus amanti'''}} putavit se vitia praeterita praesentibus posse celare: quod etiam sequens indicat versus.

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#525|529.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolides'''}} Vlixes, qui ubique talis inducitur: nam Anticliae filius est, quae ante Laertae nuptias clam cum Sisypho, Aeoli filio, concubuit, unde Vlixes natus est. hoc ei et in Ovidio Aiax obicit “et sanguine cretus Sisyphio”. alii Oeliden legunt, de quo nusquam legimus.

{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''si'''}} siquidem.

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#530|531.]]}} {{sc|'''vicissim'''}} quia ipse narraverat.

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#530|532.]]}} {{sc|'''pelagine venis erroribus actus?'''}} non ad inferos, sed ad locum, in quo inferorum descensus est, id est ad Avernum, si intra terram sunt inferi. alii altius intellegunt: qui sub terra esse inferos volunt secundum chorographos et geometras, qui dicunt terram {{Graeca|σφαιροειδῆ}} esse, quae aqua et aere sustentatur. quod si est, ad antipodes potest navigatione perveniri, qui quantum ad nos spectat, inferi sunt, sicut nos illis. hinc est quod terram esse inferos dicimus, quamquam illud sit, quia novem cingitur circulis. Tiberianus etiam inducit epistolam vento allatam ab antipodibus, quae habet “superi inferis salutem”: qua occasione tractat reciprocum hoc quod diximus supra (127). nam prudentiores etiam animas per {{Graeca|μετεμψύχωσιν}} dicunt ad alterius climatis corpora transire, nec in eo orbe versari in quo prius fuerunt: unde ait Lucanus (1.456) “regit idem spiritus artus orbe alio: longae, canitis si cognita, vitae”. sciendum tamen hoc Homericum esse: nam etiam illic Elpenor similiter Vlixem interrogat.

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#530|534.]]}} {{sc|'''sine sole domos'''}} non est contrarium (641) “solemque suum sua sidera norunt”: illud enim de campis Elysiis dicit.

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''hac vice sermonum'''}} haec sacra, ut diximus supra (255), praeter unius diei spatium non tenebant: unde veretur Sibylla, ne inanibus fabulis ‘datum’, id est statutum et legitimum, ‘tempus’ teratur. quod autem dicit ‘aurora medium axem traiecerat’, illud ostendit, quod secundum Tuscos diei ortus est a sexta diei hora; ortus enim diei habet auroram. Donatus tamen dicit Auroram cum quadrigis positam Solem significare.

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#535|538.]]}} {{sc|'''breviterque'''}} quod congruit moram obiurganti.

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#535|539.]]}} {{sc|'''nox ruit'''}} si per diem sacra celebrantur, ‘ruit’ est imminet; si per noctem, finitur. {{sc|'''flendo'''}} proprie: nam et lacrimae et gemitus fuerant.

{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''findit in ambas'''}} compendiosius, quam si ‘duas’ diceret: poteramus enim etiam tertiam sperare. sic Sallustius “inter secundum atque ultimum bellum Carthaginiense” non ait ‘tertium’.

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#540|542.]]}} {{sc|'''iter elysium'''}} ad Elysium: de quo diximus supra (5.735). {{sc|'''malorum'''}} impiorum, ut (1.352) “multa malus simulans vana spe lusit amantem”.

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#540|543.]]}} {{sc|'''impia tartara'''}} ubi puniuntur impii.

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#540|544.]]}} {{sc|'''ne saevi'''}} ne irascere: Terentius “ne saevi tanto opere”. et antique dictum est: nam nunc ‘ne saevias’ dicimus, nec imperativum iungimus adverbio imperantis.

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''explebo numerum'''}} ut diximus supra, ‘explebo’ est minuam: nam ait Ennius “navibus explebant sese terrasque replebant”, quem Caper secutus cum de praepositione ‘ex’ tractaret, hoc exemplum posuit. sensus ergo est: minuam vestrum numerum et reddar tenebris. nam circa Aenean et Sibyllam aliquid lucis fuisse intellegimus, quippe circa vivos: unde paulo post (548) “respicit Aeneas subito” et reliqua. alii ‘explebo’ male putant ‘complebo’ esse, umbrarum scilicet a quibus discesserat numerum. alii ‘explebo numerum’ dicunt esse finiam tempus statutum purgationi et in corpus recurram, ut hoc sit ‘reddarque tenebris’ — nam legimus (734) “clausae tenebris et carcere caeco” — ut sit sensus: irasceris mihi quasi homo, nonne et ego homo futurus sum? alii dicunt: cur irasceris? in locis his sum, quamdiu vitae per vim ereptae expleam tempus, post ‘tenebris’, id est meis sedibus, reddar. sed haec omnia congrua loco non esse manifestum est: non enim intellegere possumus Sibylla aliud volente, scilicet ut abscederet, Deiphobum ad aliud respondisse.

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#545|546.]]}} {{sc|'''i decus i nostrum'''}} aut ‘i, o decus nostrum, utere melioribus fatis’, inferorum scilicet conparatione, quia ait supra (533) “an quae te fortuna fatigat, ut tristes sine sole domos, loca turbida adires?” aut certe ‘i decus, et fatis utere nostrum melioribus’, id est quam aut ego aut tu habuimus.

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#545|549.]]}} {{sc|'''moenia lata videt'''}} Tartarum dicit, quem vult esse carcerem inferorum. quod autem ait ‘lata’, nocentum exprimit multitudinem. {{sc|'''triplici muro'''}} valde munitum indicat locum.

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#550|551.]]}} {{sc|'''torquet'''}} trahit, volvit.

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#550|552.]]}} {{sc|'''porta adversa ingens'''}} distinctione excludendum est vitium de duobus epithetis. {{sc|'''solidoque adamante'''}} lapis est durissimus et tantae soliditatis, ut nec ferro possit infringi. quem hircino sanguine frangi dicunt.

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#550|553.]]}} {{sc|'''vis ut nulla virum'''}} ‘virum’ non ad sexum retulit, sed ad virtutem, hoc est virorum fortium, ut Cicero “virum res illa quaerebat”, cum de viro forti diceret. per hoc autem ostendit nullum de Tartaro ad superos posse remeare, ne numinum quidem favore.

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#550|554.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} eminet, erecta est. {{sc|'''avras'''}} autem inferis congruas intellegamus. Statius de Mercurio ait: pigrae aurae eius inpediebant volatum. de illo enim loco multi quaerunt (561) “quis tantus clangor ad auras?” et Pollio dicit Aeneae et Sibyllae, quas illi secum traxerant, cum constet esse etiam illic auras.

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#555|557.]]}} {{sc|'''exaudiri'''}} exaudiebantur.

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#555|558.]]}} {{sc|'''tractaeque catenae'''}} et genetivus singularis potest esse et nominativus pluralis.

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#555|559.]]}} {{sc|'''strepitumque exterritus hausit'''}} hausit et exterritus est: hypallage ergo est.

{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''scelerum facies'''}} species, ut supra (5.768) “visa maris facies et non tolerabile numen”.

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#560|563.]]}} {{sc|'''nulli fas casto'''}} pio. et haec responsio ostendit, Aenean voluisse quidem ingredi, sed quasi pium prohibitum. {{sc|'''insistere limen'''}} ‘insisto illam rem’ dicimus, non ‘illi rei’: quod qui dicunt decipiuntur propter ‘insto illi rei’.

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#560|564.]]}} {{sc|'''sed me'''}} quia occurrebat: unde ipsa cognovisti?

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''deum poenas docuit'''}} aut quas dii nocentibus statuerunt: aut Titanum, quos legimus deos ex Terra progenitos: aut re vera dicit poenas deorum. fertur namque ab Orpheo quod dii peierantes per Stygem paludem novem annorum spatio puniuntur in Tartaro: unde ait Statius “et Styx periuria divum arguit”.

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#565|566.]]}} {{sc|'''rhadamanthus'''}} Rhadamanthus Minos Aeacus filii Iovis et Europae fuerunt: qui postea facti sunt apud inferos iudices.

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#565|567.]]}} {{sc|'''subigitque fateri'''}} conpellit ad confessionem.

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#565|568.]]}} {{sc|'''furto laetatus inani'''}} latebra non valde profutura, quippe quae fuerat publicanda post mortem.

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#565|569.]]}} {{sc|'''distulit in seram'''}} gravem, ut “serum bellum in angustiis futurum” Sallustius. {{sc|'''piacula commissa'''}} propter quae expiatio debetur.

{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''accincta flagello'''}} aut hoc dicit quod videmus, quia qui longo flagello utitur ut id post ictum in se revolvat necesse est: aut ‘accincta’ est instructa, ad verbera scilicet, id est nocentes flagello quatit ipsa praeparata.

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#570|572.]]}} {{sc|'''agmina saeva sororum'''}} aut impetus, ut de Harpyiis dixit: aut serpentum agmina, quos pro comis habent.

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#570|573.]]}} {{sc|'''tunc demum horrisono stridentes cardine sacrae panduntur portae'''}} mittuntur, inquit, post verbera ad aeternum supplicium. et est secutus ordinem iuris antiqui: nam post habitam quaestionem in Tullianum ad ultimum supplicium mittebantur. alii hoc a poeta dictum volunt, ut illa loquente intellegamus portam esse patefactam; alii continuant narrationem. {{sc|'''sacrae'''}} execrabiles.

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#570|574.]]}} {{sc|'''cernis custodia qualis'''}} ‘custodia’ est quae custodit, non quae custoditur. usurpatum autem est, sicut ‘hospita’, sicut ‘neptis’: nam ‘hic’ et ‘haec custos’ facit. ea enim quae in ‘o’ exeunt ut ‘fullo’, in ‘os’ ut ‘nepos’, in ‘es’ ut ‘hospes’, feminina ex se non faciunt. quae autem invenimus usurpata sunt, unde et dissimilia: nam ‘custos’ ‘custodia’ facit, ‘nepos’ ‘neptis’.

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''vestibulo sedeat'''}} Megaeram significat. hoc autem dicit: cernis hanc quam saeva sit? est intus alia ‘inmanis atris hiatibus quinquaginta’, quae est saevior, quam Hydra fuit. multi ipsam Hydram volunt, quod non procedit: nam eam in aditu legimus inferorum ubi dixit (287) “ac belua Lernae”. quam alii tria volunt habuisse capita, alii novem, Simonides quinquaginta dicit.

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#575|577.]]}} {{sc|'''tartarus'''}} vel quia omnia illic turbata sunt, {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τῆς ταραχῆς}}: aut, quod est melius, {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τοῦ ταρταρίζειν}}, id est a tremore frigoris; sole enim caret.

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#575|578.]]}} {{sc|'''bis patet in praeceps'''}} ideo ‘in praeceps’ addidit, quia potest quid etiam sursum patere. videtur autem hoc prudentioribus ideo dictum, quia secundum rationem sphaerae sol cum in unam concesserit partem, duae quasi Tartarum faciunt: una, a qua discessit, et altera, ad quam numquam accedit: quod melius sphaerae indicat ratio. hoc autem dicit: Tartarus ipse bis tantum in praeceps patet et tendit sub umbras, quantus est suspectus, id est altitudo, ad Olympum aetherium. deest ‘est’.

{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''hic genus antiquum terrae'''}} id est primum: Titanas enim contra Saturnum genuit, Gigantas postea contra Iovem. et ferunt fabulae Titanas ab irata contra deos Terra ad eius ultionem creatos, unde et Titanes dicti sunt {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τῆς τίσεως}}, id est ab ultione. de his autem solus Sol abstinuisse narratur ab iniuria numinum, unde et caelum meruit.

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#580|582.]]}} {{sc|'''aloidas geminos'''}} Aloeus Iphimediam uxorem habuit, quae conpressa a Neptuno duos peperit, Otum et Ephialten, qui digitis novem per singulos menses crescebant. freti itaque altitudine, cum adhuc novem annorum essent, caelum voluerunt subvertere, sed confixi sunt Dianae et Apollinis telis. Aloidas autem sic dixit, sicut de Hercule Amphitryoniades dicimus. {{sc|'''geminos'''}} sui similes.

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''crudeles poenas'''}} saevas, nimias; nam non dicit indignas ferentem qui sacrilegus fuit. {{sc|'''salmonea'''}} Salmoneus Aeoli filius fuit, non regis ventorum, sed cuiusdam apud Elidem, ubi regnavit. qui fabricato ponte aereo super eum agitabat currus ad imitanda superna tonitrua, et in quem fuisset iaculatus facem, eum iubebat occidi. hic postea verum expertus est fulmen.

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#585|588.]]}} {{sc|'''mediaeque per elidis urbem'''}} hinc est indignatio, quod in ea civitate Iovem imitabatur, in qua specialiter Iuppiter colitur.

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#590|592.]]}} {{sc|'''densa inter nubila'''}} ostendit fulminis causam.

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#590|593.]]}} {{sc|'''fumea lumina'''}} id est terrena; nam aetherius ignis caret fumo, solo enim splendore viget.

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et tityon'''}} Tityos Terrae secundum alios filius fuit, secundum alios a Terra nutritus: unde poeta elegit sermonem, quo utrumque significaret, nam ‘alumnum’ dixit. hic amavit Latonam, propter quod Apollinis confixus sagittis est et damnatus hac lege apud inferos, ut eius iecur vultur exedat: quamquam Homerus vicissim dicat duos vultures sibi in eius poenam succedere. sane in usu est ‘vultur’, licet Cicero ‘vulturius’ dixerit, quod quidem potest esse et derivativum: Ennius “vulturus in campo miserum mandebat homonem”. declinatur autem ‘hic Tityos huius Tityi’, sicut ‘Delos Deli’.

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#595|596.]]}} {{sc|'''per tota novem cui iugera corpus porrigitur'''}} quantum ad publicam faciem, magnitudinem ostendit corporis; sed illud significat, quia de amatore loquitur, libidinem late patere, ut ait supra (440) “nec procul hinc partem fusi monstrantur in omnem lugentes campi”. sane de his omnibus rebus mire reddit rationem Lucretius (3.978) et confirmat in nostra vita esse omnia quae finguntur de inferis. dicit namque Tityon amorem esse, hoc est libidinem, quae secundum physicos et medicos in iecore est, sicut risus in splene, iracundia in felle: unde etiam exesum a vulture dicitur in poenam renasci: etenim libidini non satis fit re semel peracta, sed recrudescit semper, unde ait Horatius “incontinentis aut Tityi iecur”. ipse etiam Lucretius dicit per eos, super quos iamiam casurus inminet lapis, superstitiosos significari, qui inaniter semper verentur et de diis et caelo superioribus male opinantur: nam religiosi sunt qui per reverentiam timent. per eos autem qui saxum volvunt ambitum vult et repulsam significari, quia semel repulsi petitores ambire non desinunt. per rotam autem ostendit negotiatores, qui semper tempestatibus turbinibusque volvuntur.

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#595|598.]]}} {{sc|'''fecundaque poenis'''}} fecunda in poenam.

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#595|599.]]}} {{sc|'''rimatur'''}} pascitur, ut “rimantur prata Caystri”.

{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''fibris'''}} fibrae sunt eminentiae iecoris.

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#600|601.]]}} {{sc|'''quid memorem lapithas'''}} hi populi Thessaliae fuerunt, quibus imperabat Ixion, amicissimus, ut diximus supra (286), Iovi, Phlegyae filius. qui post nubis coitum fictae in formam Iunonis, cum se de eius stupro iactaret, ab irato Iove ad inferos trusus est et illic religatus ad rotam circumfusam serpentibus. {{sc|'''pirithoum'''}} et hic unus de Lapithis fuit, qui cum Theseo descendit ad rapiendam Proserpinam.

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#600|603.]]}} {{sc|'''adsimilis'''}} valde similis: ‘ad’ enim vacat, et a maioribus ad ornatum adhibebatur, ut Horatius “qua populus adsita certis limitibus vicina refugit iurgia”. {{sc|'''lucent genialibus altis'''}} aliud est. Tantalus, rex Corinthiorum, amicus numinibus fuit. quae cum frequenter susciperet et quodam tempore defuissent epulae, filium suum Pelopem occidit et diis epulandum adposuit. tunc abstinentibus cunctis, Ceres umerum eius exedit, et cum eum dii per Mercurium revocare ad superos vellent, eburneus ei est umerus restitutus, ut “umeroque Pelops insignis eburno”. ideo autem sola Ceres dicitur comesse, quia ipsa est terra, quae corpus resolvit. per Mercurium autem ob hoc fingitur esse revocatus, quod ipse est deus prudentiae, per quam philosophi deprehenderunt {{Graeca|παλιγγενεσίαν}} vel {{Graeca|μετεμψύχωσιν}}. Tantalus autem hac lege apud inferos dicitur esse damnatus, ut in Eridano inferorum stans nec undis praesentibus nec vicinis eius pomariis perfruatur. per haec autem avaritia significatur, ut etiam Horatius “quid rides? mutato nomine de te fabula narratur”. {{sc|'''genialibus'''}} veluti genialibus: nam geniales proprie sunt qui sternuntur puellis nubentibus, dicti a generandis liberis.

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#600|604.]]}} {{sc|'''aurea fulcra'''}} quibus fulcimur, id est sustinemur.

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''regifico luxu'''}} regali ambitu. furiarum maxima id est saevissima, hoc est Fames, ut (3.252) “vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando”. unde et famem praenuntiat, ut hanc esse Furiarum maximam doceat.

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#605|606.]]}} {{sc|'''et manibus'''}} illorum scilicet, non suis.

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#605|607.]]}} {{sc|'''facem attollens'''}} iniciens ignem avaritiae, ut abstineant.

{{ancora+|608|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#605|608.]]}} {{sc|'''invisi fratres'''}} haec quidem constat dicta esse generaliter, possunt tamen etiam ad speciem trahi, ut Aegyptum et Danaum, Atreum et Thyesten, Eteoclen et Polynicen significare videatur. bene autem dicendo ‘invisi’ per id quod leve est, etiam maiora conplexus est.

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#605|609.]]}} {{sc|'''pulsatusve parens'''}} item quod levius est dixit parricidii comparatione. possumus autem Oedipum accipere, extinctorem Lai. {{sc|'''aut fraus innexa clienti'''}} ex lege XII tabularum venit, in quibus scriptum est “patronus si clienti fraudem fecerit, sacer esto”: si enim clientes quasi colentes sunt, patroni quasi patres, tantundem est clientem, quantum filium fallere. et hoc posse fieri ex Horatii dictis intellegimus, qui cum loqueretur de avaris potentibus, ait de vicino cliente “pellitur paternos in sinu ferens deos”. Urbano tamen hoc displicet et dicit rarum esse hoc magisque contrarium, cum magis patronos decipiant frequenter clientes. vult autem intellegi praevaricatores, qui patroni sunt clientium, quos nunc susceptos vocamus.

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#610|611.]]}} {{sc|'''nec partem posuere suis'''}} bene addidit ‘suis’, id est cognatis, adfinibus. haec enim fuerat apud maiores donandi ratio, non profusa passim: nam hoc est velle inaniter perdere. unde Cicero ait in libris legum (2.16.40) “stipem prohibeo: nam auget superstitionem et exhaurit domos”. dignis igitur largiendum est, unde Horatius “cur eget indignus quisquam, te divite?” id est indignus paupertate.

{{ancora+|612|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#610|612.]]}} {{sc|'''ob adulterium caesi'''}} si ‘occisi’, Aegisthum significat, Thyestae filium: si re vera ‘caesi’, Sallustium, quem Milo deprehensum sub servi habitu verberavit in adulterio suae uxoris, filiae Sullae. {{sc|'''quique arma secuti impia nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras'''}} hoc loco videtur blandiri Augusto, quia contra Caesarem, patrem eius, multi quibus ignovit, arma susceperant: est namque eius dictum, dare quidem se veniam Pompeianis, sed ab ipsis quandoque esse periturum: ut ‘arma impia’ civilia dixerit bella, quae moverunt Pompeiani contra acceptae veniae fidem. sed non procedit. nam si ‘arma impia’ dixit bellum civile, tangit et Augustum et Caesarem, qui et ipsi civilia bella tractarunt. item si culpat eos qui contra fidem datae veniae dimicaverunt, tangit Augustum: nam transierunt ad eum ab Antonio duo milia equitum, per quos est victoriam consecutus: Horatius “ad hunc frementes verterunt bis mille equos Galli canentes Caesarem”. fecit praeterea iniuriam Augusto vel Caesari si eos ‘dominos’ dixit, quod apud maiores invidiosum fuit: nam ‘patres patriae’ dicebantur, non ‘domini’: Iuvenalis (8.244) “Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit”. melius ergo est ut bellum a Sexto Pompeio, Pompei filio, in Siculo freto gestum accipiamus. nam occiso patre Siciliam tenuit et collectis inde servitiis vastavit sex annis ultro citroque Siciliam, postea victus est ab Augusto et Agrippa: Horatius “minatus urbi vincla, quae detraxerat servis amicus perfidis”. et hoc sensu tam ‘arma impia’, quam ‘dominorum’ congruit commemoratio.

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#610|614.]]}} {{sc|'''poenam expectant'''}} quod gravius est: nam in expectatione et praesens metus est et dolor futurus, in ipsa autem poena solus est dolor.

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''forma viros'''}} id est causa criminis vel regula: singulis enim sceleribus sunt statuta supplicia ex more Romano, quem sequitur.

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#615|616.]]}} {{sc|'''saxum ingens volvunt alii'''}} Sisyphum dicit, qui deorum consilia hominibus publicavit. {{sc|'''radiisque rotarum'''}} Ixionem dicit, ut alibi ostendit “atque Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis”, licet supra dixerit (602) “quos super atra silex”: nam de his fabulis variae sunt in ipsis auctoribus opiniones.

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#615|617.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternumque sedebit infelix theseus'''}} contra opinionem, nam fertur ab Hercule esse liberatus: quo tempore eum ita abstraxit, ut illic corporis eius relinqueret partem. frequenter enim variant fabulas poetae: Hippolytum Vergilius (7.765) liberatum ab inferis dicit, Horatius contra “neque enim Diana pudicum liberat Hippolytum”.

{{ancora+|618|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#615|618.]]}} {{sc|'''phlegyasque miserrimus omnes admonet'''}} si ‘Phlegyas’ nominativus est singularis, hoc dicit, Phlegyas omnes admonet apud inferos poenas ferentes: si autem ‘Phlegyas’ accusativus pluralis est, Theseum omnes Phlegyas admonentem debemus accipere. hi namque secundum Euphorionem populi insulani fuerunt, satis in deos impii et sacrilegi: unde iratus Neptunus percussit tridenti eam partem insulae, quam Phlegyae tenebant, et omnes obruit. Phlegyas autem, Ixionis pater, habuit Coronidem filiam, quam Apollo vitiavit, unde suscepit Aesculapium. quod pater dolens, incendit Apollinis templum et eius sagittis est ad inferos trusus: Statius “Phlegyam subter cava saxa iacentem aeterno premit accubitu”.

{{ancora+|620|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#620|620.]]}} {{sc|'''discite iustitiam'''}} hoc est, vel nunc in poenis locati.

{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#620|621.]]}} {{sc|'''vendidit hic auro patriam'''}} etiam haec licet generaliter dicantur, habent tamen specialitatem: nam Lasthenes Olynthum Philippo vendidit, Curio Caesari X̅X̅V̅I̅I̅. s. Romam: de quo Lucanus (4.820) “Gallorum captus spoliis et Caesaris auro”.

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#620|622.]]}} {{sc|'''fixit leges pretio atque refixit'''}} possumus Antonium accipere secundum Ciceronem in Philippicis ubi ait “legesne fixisti?” ‘fixit’ autem ideo, quia incisae in aereis tabulis adfigebantur parietibus.

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#620|623.]]}} {{sc|'''hic thalamum invasit natae'''}} Thyestes, unde Aegisthus natus est, item Cinyras: nam quod Donatus dicit nefas est credi, dictum esse de Tullio. {{sc|'''vetitosque hymenaeos'''}} legibus scilicet: nam dicendo ‘vetitos’ ostendit fuisse, ut est apud Persas hodieque. unde Donatus male ait “natura et legibus vetitos”.

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#620|624.]]}} {{sc|'''ausi omnes inmane nefas ausoque potiti'''}} illic sunt et qui fecerunt et qui conati sunt. dicit autem secundum Romanum ritum, in quo non tantum exitus punitur, sed et voluntas.

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''non mihi si linguae centum sint'''}} Lucretii versus sublatus de Homero, sed “aerea vox” dixit.

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#625|626.]]}} {{sc|'''scelerum comprendere formas'''}} ut (615) “aut quae forma viros fortunave mersit”.

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#625|629.]]}} {{sc|'''perfice munus'''}} hoc est ramum redde: nam supra ait (142) “hoc sibi pulchra suum ferri Proserpina munus instituit”.

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopum educta caminis'''}} hoc est magna: ita enim cuiuslibet rei magnitudinem significabant, adeo ut Statius Argivorum muros ab ipsis dicat esse perfectos.

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#630|631.]]}} {{sc|'''fornice'''}} arcu: Cicero “videt ad ipsum fornicem Fabianum”.

{{ancora+|634|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#630|634.]]}} {{sc|'''corripiunt spatium'''}} raptim peragunt.

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''occupat Aeneas aditum'''}} ingreditur, sicut supra (424) diximus. {{sc|'''recenti'''}} semper fluenti. et dixit hoc propter paludem Stygem.

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#635|636.]]}} {{sc|'''spargit aqua'''}} purgat se: nam impiatus fuerat vel aspectu Tartari, vel auditu scelerum atque poenarum. et ‘spargit’, quia se inferis purgat.

{{ancora+|638|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#635|638.]]}} {{sc|'''amoena virecta'''}} virentia: et est satis usurpativum. ‘amoena’ autem quae solum amorem praestant, vel, ut supra (5.734) diximus, quasi amunia, hoc est sine fructu, ut Varro et Carminius docent. adludit autem ad insulas fortunatas: nam et sequenti hoc indicat versu.

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''largior hic campos aether'''}} non nostro largior, sed quam est in cetera inferorum parte. aut re vera largior, si lunarem intellegis circulum: nam, ut supra (5.735) diximus, campi Elysii aut apud inferos sunt, aut in insulis fortunatis, aut in lunari circulo: Lucanus (9.11) “illic postquam se lumine vero induit”.

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#640|641.]]}} {{sc|'''solemque suum'''}} sibi congruum, ut “fessosque sopor suus occupat artus”.

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#640|642.]]}} {{sc|'''palaestris'''}} luctationibus: Graece dixit.

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#640|643.]]}} {{sc|'''contendunt ludo'''}} non odio.

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#640|644.]]}} {{sc|'''choreas'''}} ‘re’ corripuit propter metrum, alibi ait secundum naturam, ut (9.612) “iuvat indulgere choreis”: ergo aut systolen fecit, aut antithesin, e pro {{Graeca|ει}} ponens: nam Graecum est nomen.

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non threicius longa cum veste sacerdos'''}} Orpheus Calliopes musae et Oeagri fluminis filius fuit, qui primus orgia instituit, primus etiam deprehendit harmoniam, id est circulorum mundanorum sonum, quos novem esse novimus. e quibus summus, quem anastron dicunt, sono caret, item ultimus, qui terrenus est. reliqui septem sunt, quorum sonum deprehendit Orpheus, unde uti septem fingitur chordis. ‘longam’ autem ‘vestem’ aut citharoedi habitum dicit, aut longam barbam: nam e contrario inberbes ‘investes’ vocamus. ‘sacerdos’ autem, quia et theologus fuit et orgia primus instituit. ipse etiam homines e feris et duris composuit: unde dicitur arbores et saxa movisse, ut diximus supra.

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#645|646.]]}} {{sc|'''obloquitur numeris'''}} dicendo ‘obloquitur’, chordarum expressit laudem, quas dicit verbis locutas: ‘obloqui’ enim non est nisi contra loquentem loqui. {{sc|'''numeris'''}} rhythmis, sonis, ut “numeros memini, si verba tenerem”. {{sc|'''septem discrimina'''}} quia omnes chordae dissimiliter sonant.

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#645|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iam'''}} nunc. ‘hic’ autem ‘pecten’ declinatur, ut ‘lien’.

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#645|648.]]}} {{sc|'''hic genus antiquum'''}} quod non omnes viros fortes in Elysio visos esse commemorat, haec ratio est, quia isti divinos meruerunt honores: quod Tydeo vel his, quos supra (479) memoravit, non contigit. nam ideo ‘antiquum’ addidit, quasi et illis Elysii contingerent campi, si eis annorum non derogata esset vetustas.

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#645|649.]]}} {{sc|'''nati melioribus annis'''}} plerumque enim hominum virtus decoloratur temporis infelicitate: Cicero “ut illa laus temporum, non hominum fuisse videatur”.

{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ilusque assaracusque'''}} Troiani reges fuerunt. {{sc|'''troiae dardanus auctor'''}} hunc in septimo (211) inter deos dicit relatum, ut “et numerum divorum altaribus auget”. sed, ut diximus supra (134), Homerum sequitur, qui inducit simulacrum Herculis apud inferos visum.

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#650|652.]]}} {{sc|'''defixae hastae'''}} subaudis ‘inanes’, item equos inanes.

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#650|653.]]}} {{sc|'''quae gratia currum'''}} detraxit unum ‘u’ licentia, qua Latinitas Graecos secuta genetivo plurali syllabam aut addit aut detrahit. hoc loco detraxit, sicut (1.119) “arma virum”, contra addidit (8.27) “alituum pecudumque genus” pro ‘alitum’, sicut Graeci {{Graeca|Μουσάων Ἑλικωνιάδων}}.

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#650|654.]]}} {{sc|'''nitentes'''}} pingues: ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit intellegis. per omnia autem quae dicturus est intellegendum est ‘quae gratia fuit vivis, eadem sequitur tellure repostos’.

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#655|657.]]}} {{sc|'''paeana'''}} proprie Apollinis laudes, quod nunc congruit propter ‘lauri nemus’: abusive omnium deorum, sicut orgia proprie Liberi, abusive omnium deorum sacra.

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#655|658.]]}} {{sc|'''odoratum'''}} pro ‘odorum’, ut diximus supra (4.132).

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#655|659.]]}} {{sc|'''unde superne plurimus eridani per silvam volvitur amnis'''}} Eridanum Aratus in caelo esse dicit, haud longe a ceto. hic et in terris est, qui in Italia, id est in Venetia, Padus vocatur: quem alii etiam ad inferos volunt tendere, alii nasci apud inferos et exire in terras. ideo autem ista finguntur, quia de Appennini parte oritur, quae spectat inferum mare et tendit usque ad superum. ergo hic sensus est: canebant in locis, unde superne, id est ad superos, plurimus Eridani amnis per silvam volvitur: namque veri simile est, quoniam legimus de Aristaeo “omnia sub magna labentia flumina terra spectabat diversa locis”. et congrue: nam omnis umor ex terrae nascitur venis. alii Eridanum pro quocumque accipiunt et dicunt {{Graeca|κατ' ἐξοχήν}} dictum: nam legimus “fluviorum rex Eridanus”. et amant poetae pro appellatione ponere magnae rei proprietatem, ut alibi “poculaque inventis Acheloia miscuit uvis”. melius tamen est si distinguamus ‘unde superne plurimus’, unde ad superos plurimus, id est magnus, amnis volvitur per silvam Eridani, id est populos. fabula namque haec est: Eridanus Solis filius fuit. hic a patre inpetrato curru agitare non potuit, et cum eius errore mundus arderet, fulminatus in Italiae fluvium cecidit: et tunc a luce ardoris sui Phaethon appellatus est, et pristinum nomen fluvio dedit: unde mixta haec duo nomina inter Solis filium et fluvium invenimus. postea eius sorores flendo in populos versae sunt, ut in decimo (190) “populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum”. et hoc Vergilius: nam alii in alias arbores dicunt.

{{ancora+|660|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#660|660.]]}} {{sc|'''hic manus ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi'''}} ‘manus’, id est multitudo eorum qui ob patriam passi sunt vulnera: et est figurate dictum. sane animadvertendum illud quod ait Horatius in arte poetica (334) “et simul et iucunda et idonea dicere vitae”: nullam enim maiores nostri artem esse voluerunt, quae non aliquid reipublicae commodaret. unde Vergilius hoc per transitum facit: nam dicendo puniri patriae venditores, contra praemia defensoribus solvi, nihil aliud nisi fugienda vitia et sectandas docet esse virtutes.

{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#660|661.]]}} {{sc|'''sacerdotes casti dum vita manebat'''}} quasi quis castus possit esse post mortem. sed aliud dicit, id est, qui fuerunt casti dum in communione vitae versarentur. nam hi qui maxima sacra accipiebant, renuntiabant omnibus rebus, nec ulla in his nisi numinum cura remanebat. herbis etiam quibusdam emasculabantur, unde iam coire nec poterant. dicit ergo eos sacerdotes, qui casti fuerunt etiam ante sacra suscepta.

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#660|662.]]}} {{sc|'''pii vates'''}} vaticinantes, non mendaces. {{sc|'''phoebo digna locuti'''}} veridici, qui talia loquebantur, qualia decebat Apollinem. multi enim mentiebantur, ut in Lucano Phoebas, ad quam Appius Claudius (5.158) “et nobis dabis inproba poenas et superis quos fingis ait”.

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#660|663.]]}} {{sc|'''inventas aut qui vitam excolvere per artes'''}} qui erudierunt et ornaverunt vitam per inventa artificia. significat autem philosophos, qui aliquid excogitaverunt, unde vita coleretur.

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#660|664.]]}} {{sc|'''quique sui memores aliquos fecere merendo'''}} et qui aliquos sui memores fecere praestando, ut (4.334) “numquam regina negabo promeritam”, id est praestitisse. Terentius “ego, Charine, neutiquam officium liberi esse hominis puto, cum is nihil mereat, postulare id gratiae poni sibi”.

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''nivea cinguntur tempora'''}} per quod eos ostendit meruisse divinos honores, ut diximus supra (648).

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#665|667.]]}} {{sc|'''musaeum ante omnes'''}} theologus fuit. iste post Orpheum. et sunt variae de hoc opiniones: nam eum alii Lunae filium, alii Orphei volunt, cuius eum constat fuisse discipulum: nam ad ipsum primum carmen scripsit, quod appellatur crater.

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#665|668.]]}} {{sc|'''umeris extantem'''}} quasi philosophum, ac si diceret Platonem: adludit enim poeta. namque Plato ab umerorum dictus est latitudine. athleta enim fuit, qui post omnium victoriam se philosophiae dedit.

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#665|669.]]}} {{sc|'''tuque optime vates'''}} quia theologus fuit. et sciendum hoc loco Sibyllam iam a numine derelictam; unde et interrogat, quod alias non faceret.

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''quae regio Anchisen, quis habet locus?'''}} bene et generalitatem requirit et speciem, quo possit facilius invenire: nam locus in regione est. {{sc|'''illius ergo'''}} propter illum, vel causa illius. ‘ergo’ autem coniunctio fuit, sed per accentus mutationem in adverbium transiit: et est sola particula, quae habet in fine circumflexum. multi male putant nomen esse indeclinabile, et dicunt positum esse pro ‘causa’. ‘causa’ autem nomen est, quod ponitur pro ‘ratione’: qui casus declinatione caret.

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#670|671.]]}} {{sc|'''magnos amnes'''}} aut magna fluenta: aut quia novem sunt, quae odiosum fuerat commemorare per singula.

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#670|673.]]}} {{sc|'''nulli certa domus'''}} id est habitatio, quam animae tamdiu certam habent, quamdiu in corporibus sunt: post quorum solutionem vagantur pro vitae merito in circulis. {{sc|'''lucis habitamus opacis'''}} varia dicit, quae pro vitae varietate contingunt. in his autem locis heroum animae coluntur.

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#670|674.]]}} {{sc|'''recentia'''}} virentia, rivorum scilicet causa.

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#675|676.]]}} {{sc|'''iugum'''}} ita enim dividuntur montes: in radices, latera, iuga, vertices pro locorum qualitate.

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#675|678.]]}} {{sc|'''summa cacumina linquunt'''}} non ‘linquit’; hoc enim dicit: Aeneas et Sibylla perducti ad summum, in plana descendunt.

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#675|679.]]}} {{sc|'''penitus convalle virenti'''}} valde virenti, ut (1.200) “penitusque sonantis accestis scopulos”.

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''inclusas animas'''}} non re vera inclusas, sed a multitudine separatas, quo facilius agnoscerentur.

{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#680|681.]]}} {{sc|'''lustrabat studio recolens'''}} circumibat studiose retractans. ‘inclusas’ autem aut segregatas, aut secundum antiquum ritum. multitudinem enim si numerare non poterant, eam in locum certum includebant per partes, et ex unius numero quanta esset videbant. quod Xerxes de suo fecit exercitu.

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#680|682.]]}} {{sc|'''carosque nepotes'''}} posteros: sicut per nurus feminas dicunt.

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#680|683.]]}} {{sc|'''fataque fortunasque virum'''}} felicitas enim aut fatalis est, aut fortuita, aut ex virtute descendit.

{{ancora+|685|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#685|685.]]}} {{sc|'''alacris'''}} ipse alacris. et sciendum antiquos et ‘alacris’ et ‘alacer’, et ‘acris’ et ‘acer’ tam de masculino quam de feminino genere dixisse. nunc masculino utrumque damus, de feminino ‘alacer’ et ‘acer’ numquam dicimus, licet Ennius dixerit “aestatem autumnus (sequitur), post acer hiemps it”: nam inde est ‘alacer’.

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#685|686.]]}} {{sc|'''genis'''}} palpebris: Ennius de dormiente “inprimitque genae genam”. {{sc|'''excidit ore'''}} quasi seni: quod circa Anchisen reservat, ut (2.658) “tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore”.

{{ancora+|687|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#685|687.]]}} {{sc|'''venisti tandem'''}} hoc ad adfectum pertinet desiderantis: alias oritur quaestio quod dicit (690) ‘sic equidem ducebam animo’. {{sc|'''expectata'''}} probata, ut (8.151) “et rebus spectata iuventus”. hoc autem dicit: tua pietas mihi semper probata, nunc etiam ‘iter durum’ vicit, scilicet inferorum.

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#685|689.]]}} {{sc|'''et notas audire et reddere voces'''}} id est familiariter loqui.

{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''rebarque futurum'''}} arbitrabar, ratiocinabar esse venturum: per quod intellegimus fataliter Aenean ad inferos descendisse. non enim nisi fatalia deprehenduntur.

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#690|691.]]}} {{sc|'''nec me mea cura fefellit'''}} nec decepit me dulcissimus filius: nam vocativus est ‘mea cura’, id est tu. et dictum est sicut (10.132) “Veneris iustissima cura”.

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#690|692.]]}} {{sc|'''quas ego te terras et quanta per aequora vectum'''}} patrie eius ingemit casibus.

{{ancora+|694|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#690|694.]]}} {{sc|'''libyae tibi regna nocerent'''}} aut quia de Iunone ait Venus (1.672) “haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum”: aut, quod est melius, illud dicit: timui ne, dum apud regna Carthaginis voluptatibus vacas, imperium fatale derelinqueres.

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''tristis imago'''}} severa, terribilis, ut supra (4.353) “et turbida terret imago”.

{{ancora+|696|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#695|696.]]}} {{sc|'''saepius occurrens'''}} {{Graeca|κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον}} saepius ei dictum intellegimus: aut certe, egit me tua imago ad haec tendere limina, quam saepe videre consuevi.

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#695|697.]]}} {{sc|'''stant sale Tyrrheno classes'''}} adfectionis est filii etiam ea indicare, de quibus non interrogatur.

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#695|699.]]}} {{sc|'''largo fletu'''}} nato ex gaudio.

{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius: finitus pro infinito.

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#700|703.]]}} {{sc|'''interea videt Aeneas'''}} hirmos est hoc loco, id est unus sensus protentus per multos versus: in quo tractat de Platonis dogmate, quod in Phaedone positum est {{Graeca|περὶ ψυχῆς}}, de quo in georgicis (4.219) strictim, hic latius loquitur. de qua re etiam Varro in primo divinarum plenissime tractavit. hoc autem continet: Aeneas dum per inferos pergeret, respexit fluvium quendam loci remotioris, ad quem innumera multitudo tendebat animarum. interrogavit patrem qui esset fluvius, vel qua ratione ad eum pergerent animae. pater ait: Lethaeus est; pergunt autem, ut potent et oblivionem patiantur, ut incipiant in corpora velle remeare. stupefactus Aeneas interrogat: dic pater, et animae, quae propter praeteritam vitam tot supplicia pertulerunt, possunt habere votum revertendi in corpora? non est verisimile, liberatas de corporis carcere ad eius nexum reverti. suscepta narratione haec Anchises exsequitur: primo debere fieri ut redeant, deinde posse, deinde velle. quae quoniam obscura sunt, aliis subdivisionibus innotescunt. quid est debere? cuncta animalia a deo originem ducunt. quae quia nasci cernimus, revertuntur sine dubio: nam unde cuncta procreantur? deinde posse sic probat: quia inmortales sunt animae, et sunt quae possunt reverti. tertium est utrum velint: quod dicit fieri per Lethaeum fluvium. et hoc est quod dicturus est, sed incidentes quaestiones faciunt obscuritatem.

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#700|704.]]}} {{sc|'''virgulta sonantia silvae'''}} quae est iuxta praeripia fluminis.

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''domos placidas'''}} campos Elysios. {{sc|'''praenatat'''}} praeterfluit. et contrarie dictum est: nam non natant aquae, sed nos in ipsis natamus. Ennium igitur secutus est, qui ait “fluctusque natantes”. sane de hoc fluvio quaeritur a prudentioribus, utrum de illis novem sit, qui ambiunt inferos, an praeter novem. et datur intellegi quod ab illis novem, qui ambiunt inferos, separatus sit: namque volunt eum esse imaginem senectutis. nam animae nostrae vigent et alacres sunt et plenae memoria a pueritia usque ad virentem senectam, postea in nimia senectute omnis memoria labitur: qua lapsa mors intervenit, et animae in aliud corpus revertuntur. unde fingunt poetae animas Lethaeo hausto in corpus redire. ergo Lethaeus est oblivio, morti semper vicina.

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#705|706.]]}} {{sc|'''gentes populique'''}} innumerarum gentium et populorum animae.

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#705|708.]]}} {{sc|'''floribus insidunt'''}} ‘insido illi rei’, ut (1.719) “insidat quantus miserae deus”. ‘insisto’ autem ‘illam rem’, ut (563) “nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen”.

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#705|709.]]}} {{sc|'''circum lilia funduntur'''}} hoc est circumfunduntur circum flores. ‘lilia’ autem pro quibuslibet floribus, speciem pro genere posuit.

{{ancora+|711|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#710|711.]]}} {{sc|'''flumina porro'''}} longe remota: et est Graecum adverbium. bene autem Aenean longe a Lethaeo facit, quia adhuc iuvenis est.

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#710|712.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} cursu, impetu: per quod ostendit cito iri ad senectam, quia tota celeritate usus labitur vitae.

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#710|713.]]}} {{sc|'''animae quibus altera fato corpora debentur'''}} sciendum non omnes animas ad corpora reverti: aliquae enim propter vitae merita non redeunt; aliquae redeunt propter malam vitam, aliquae propter fati necessitatem.

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#710|714.]]}} {{sc|'''lethaei ad fluminis undam'''}} si anima aeterna est et summi spiritus pars, qua ratione in corpore non totum videt, nec est tantae prudentiae tantaeque vivacitatis, ut omnia possit agnoscere? quia cum coeperit in corpus descendere, potat stultitiam et oblivionem, unde non potest implere vim numinis sui post naturae suae oblivionem. obliviscitur autem secundum poetas praeteritorum, secundum philosophos futuri: unde medium tenuit dicendo ‘oblivia’. docent autem philosophi, anima descendens quid per singulos circulos perdat: unde etiam mathematici fingunt, quod singulorum numinum potestatibus corpus et anima nostra conexa sunt ea ratione, quia cum descendunt animae trahunt secum torporem Saturni, Martis iracundiam, libidinem Veneris, Mercurii lucri cupiditatem, Iovis regni desiderium: quae res faciunt perturbationem animabus, ne possint uti vigore suo et viribus propriis.

{{ancora+|715|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#715|715.]]}} {{sc|'''securos Latices'''}} qui securos faciunt, ut morbos pallidos dicimus, quod pallidos faciunt.

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#715|717.]]}} {{sc|'''iampridem'''}} ex quo ait (5.737) “tunc genus omne tuum et quae dentur moenia disces”.

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#715|719.]]}} {{sc|'''o pater'''}} nova brevitas: nam dicendo ‘o pater’ qui loquatur ostenditur. {{sc|'''ad caelum hinc ire putandum est'''}} miscet philosophiae figmenta poetica et ostendit tam quod est vulgare, quam quod continet veritas et ratio naturalis. nam secundum poetas hoc dicit: credendum est animas ab inferis reverti posse ad corpora? ut ‘caelum’ superos intellegamus, id est nostram vitam. secundum philosophos vero hoc dicit: credendum est animas corporis contagione pollutas ad caelum reverti?

{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''sublimes animas'''}} non omnes, sed sublimium. {{sc|'''tarda reverti corpora'''}} animae comparatione, qua velocius nihil est: uno enim momento potest universa discurrere.

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#720|721.]]}} {{sc|'''quae lucis miseris tam dira cupido'''}} ut id desiderent, propter quod se sciunt poenas dedisse, scilicet vitam.

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#720|722.]]}} {{sc|'''suspensum'''}} sollicitum, incertum, ut (3.372) “multo suspensum numine ducit”.

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#720|723.]]}} {{sc|'''suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit'''}} hysteroproteron: post hunc enim versum sequi debuit ‘dicam equidem nec te suspensum, nate, tenebo’.

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#720|724.]]}} {{sc|'''principio caelum ac terras camposque liquentes'''}} interrogatus Anchises, quare animae velint reverti ad corpora, quasi aliud dicit, tamen illuc recurrit. quod Graece {{Graeca|τὸ πᾶν}} dicitur, id est omne quod est, quattuor sunt elementa, terra aqua aër aether, et deus. praeter haec nihil est aliud: et hoc mundum non possumus dicere, nam mundus non est totum. ergo deus est quidam spiritus divinus, qui per quattuor infusus elementa gignit universa. igitur si de elementis et deo nascuntur omnia, unam originem habent et par est natura omnium. sed videamus, quid in nobis est a deo et quid a quattuor elementis? quantum datur intellegi, ab elementis habemus corpus, a deo animum: quod ideo probatur, quia est in corpore terra, umor, anhelitus, calor, quae omnia videntur, sicut etiam elementa, animus invisibilis est, sicut etiam deus, unde originem ducit. illa praeterea inrationabilia sunt, sicut corpus: contra deus habet consilium, sicut etiam animus. deinde elementa (cum) mutantur, quod est eorum proprium, (pereunt), sicut etiam corpus, quod inde originem ducit: contra deum non perire manifestum est. ergo nec animus perit, qui inde originem ducit: nam pars semper sequitur genus. huc igitur tetendit primam intentionem suam, ut animos inmortales doceret. sed occurrit illud: si inmortales sunt et unum habent principium, qua ratione non omnia animalia sentimus similiter? et dicit non esse in animis dissimilitudinem, sed in corporibus, quae prout fuerint vel vivacia vel torpentia, ita et animos faciunt. quod potest etiam in uno eodemque animalis corpore probari. in sano enim corpore alia est vivacitas mentis, in aegro pigrior, in satis invalido etiam ratione carens, ut in phreneticis cernimus: adeo cum ad corpus venerit, non natura sua utitur, sed ex eius qualitate mutatur. inde Afros versipelles, Graecos leves, Gallos pigrioris videmus ingenii: quod natura climatum facit, sicut Ptolomaeus deprehendit, qui dicit translatum ad aliud clima hominem naturam ex parte mutare; de toto enim non potest, quia in principio accepit sortem corporis sui. ergo anima pro qualitate est corporis. et qua ratione res melior est in potestate deterioris? atqui divinus animus debuit corpus habere in potestate, non mortale corpus naturam animi corrumpere. sed hoc ideo fit, quia plus est quod continet, quam quod continetur. ut si leonem includas in caveam, inpeditus vim suam non perdit, sed exercere non potest, ita animus non transit in vitia corporis, sed eius coniunctione inpeditur nec exercet vim suam. occurrit illud: omne quod corrumpitur aeternum non est. si animus insanit irascitur desiderat timet, caret aeternitate, cui sunt ista contraria: nam passio aeternitatem resolvit. quod ideo falsum esse dicimus, quia animus per se nihil patitur, sed laborat ex corporis coniunctione, et aliud est per suam naturam corrumpi, aliud per contrarium rei alterius. videmus enim tale aliquid, ut in lucerna, quae per se clara est et locum, in quo est, sine dubio inluminat, sed si qua re tecta fuerit et inclusa, non perdit splendorem proprium, qui in ea est — remoto namque inpedimento apparet — nec tamen quia inpeditus est eius vigor, ideo etiam corruptus. ita ergo et animus quamdiu est in corpore, patitur eius contagiones: simul atque deposuerit corpus, recipit suum vigorem et natura utitur propria. si ergo recipit naturam suam, quare poenas apud inferos patitur? ideo quia res, quae simul diu fuit, non potest deposita ipsa re, statim ad suum nitorem reverti. ut si speciem candidam missam in lutum polluas et eam statim auferas, non idcirco sordibus caret, sed ablutionem requirit, ut in pristinum nitorem possit redire: sic anima ex eo quod datur corpori inquinata, etiam si corpus deponat, necesse habet purgari. si ergo purgantur et recipiunt naturam suam, cur volunt reverti? quia potant, inquit, oblivia. etiam est illud ambiguum: aut ut praeteritarum obliviscantur poenarum, aut certe ut ignarae futuri habeant desiderium redeundi in corpora, quod sine passione non fit: nam animus in quo est passio, meretur reverti. {{sc|'''caelum'''}} pro aëre et aethere posuit, ut (1.133) “iam caelum terramque”. {{sc|'''camposque liquentes'''}} id est maria.

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''lucentemque globum lunae'''}} ideo usus est participio, ut ostendat eam suum lumen non habere: nam ‘lucens’ est quod aliunde inluminatur, ‘lucibile’ quod per se lucet, ut ‘patulum’ quod semper patet, ‘patens’ quod et aperitur et clauditur, ut oculi, os. ‘globum’ autem ideo, quia dicitur luna {{Graeca|σφαιροειδὴς}} esse. titaniaque astra aut stellas dicit, aut solem, quem et supra (580) unum fuisse de Titanibus diximus.

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#725|726.]]}} {{sc|'''spiritus'''}} divinus scilicet. et unum est sive mentem dicat, sive animum, sive spiritum. {{sc|'''intus alit'''}} vegetat et in aeternitatem custodit, quia mixtus est et nulla pars est elementi sine deo. {{sc|'''per artus'''}} per elementa, quae membra sunt mundi: corporalia namque sunt, quippe quae possunt videri.

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#725|727.]]}} {{sc|'''mens agitat molem'''}} magnitudinem mundi mens agitat. et si, ut Cicero dicit in Tusculanis (1.23), aeternum est quicquid in aeterno motu est, sine dubio etiam animus aeternus est: semper enim in motu est, adeo ut ne nobis quidem quiescentibus conquiescat. {{sc|'''magno se corpore miscet'''}} aut antiptosis est pro ‘corpori’, ut (10.361) “haeret pede pes densusque viro vir”: quod potius credendum est: aut certe secundum eos locutus est, qui dicunt deum corporalem esse et eum ita definiunt {{Graeca|πῦρ νοερὸν}}, id est ignem sensualem. quod si verum est, corpus est, nec per antiptosin dixit, sed per definitionem ‘magno corpore’, id est non communi.

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#725|728.]]}} {{sc|'''inde hominum pecudumque genus'''}} de quattuor elementis et deo.

{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''et caelestis origo seminibus quantum non noxia corpora tardant'''}} quod supra (724) diximus, in tantum, inquit, in hominibus viget pars divinitatis, in quantum sinit corporum qualitas.

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#730|732.]]}} {{sc|'''terrenique hebetant artus'''}} in quantum non hebetant. {{sc|'''moribundaque membra'''}} morienti similia, hoc est semper morientia: numquam enim in eodem statu sunt, sed aut minuuntur aut crescunt. ergo animus idem est, sed uti viribus suis non potest propter corporis coniunctionem.

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#730|733.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc metuunt cupiuntque dolent gaudentque'''}} ex corporis coniunctione et hebetudine. Varro et omnes philosophi dicunt quattuor esse passiones, duas a bonis opinatis et duas a malis opinatis rebus: nam dolere et timere duae opiniones malae sunt, una praesentis, alia futuri: item gaudere et cupere opiniones bonae sunt, una praesentis, altera futuri. haec ergo nascuntur ex ipsa coniunctione, nam neque animi sunt neque corporis propria: pereunt enim facta segregatione.

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#730|734.]]}} {{sc|'''neque auras respiciunt'''}} nam quia cohaerent corpori, obliviscuntur naturae suae, quam ‘auras’ vocavit. {{sc|'''clausae tenebris et carcere caeco'''}} definitiones sunt corporis.

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''quin et supremo cum lumine vita reliquit'''}} quia, ut diximus (724), occurrit debere eas statim post corpus depositum redire in suum vigorem. et dicit non posse: quae enim diu coniuncta sunt invicem se tenent et trahunt reliquias sordium antiquarum.

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#735|736.]]}} {{sc|'''non tamen omne malum'''}} cedit, sed non omne; nam remanet quod ut purgetur necesse est. inde est quod dicit (655) “eadem sequitur tellure repostos”. bene autem ‘miseris’, quae etiam post corpus habeant corporis sordes: unde est ‘nec funditus omnes corporeae excedunt pestes’.

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#735|738.]]}} {{sc|'''diu concreta'''}} ‘concreta’ coniuncta et conglutinata. {{sc|'''inolescere'''}} concrescere, ut “udoque docent inolescere libro”.

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#735|739.]]}} {{sc|'''ergo exercentur poenis'''}} quia deposito corpore sordes supersunt. poenas autem non perferunt animae, sed illius coniunctionis reliquiae, quae fuit inter animam et corpus: nam licet ista duo per se poenas perferre non possint, homo tamen perfert, qui de his duobus est factus.

{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''supplicia expendunt'''}} ideo agunt supplicia, non ut animas puniant, sed ut eas peccatis exuant pristinis.

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#740|741.]]}} {{sc|'''aliae panduntur inanes suspensae ad ventos'''}} loquitur quidem poetice de purgatione animarum, tangit tamen quod et philosophi dicunt. nam triplex est omnis purgatio. aut enim in terra purgantur quae nimis oppressae sordibus fuerint, deditae scilicet corporalibus blandimentis, id est transeunt in corpora terrena: et hae igni dicuntur purgari; ignis enim ex terra est quo exuruntur omnia, nam caelestis nihil perurit: aut in aqua, id est transeunt in corpora marina, si paulo melius vixerint: aut certe in aëre, transeundo scilicet in aëria corpora, si satis bene vixerint. quod in Statio legimus, ubi de auguriis tractat. unde etiam in sacris omnibus tres sunt istae purgationes: nam aut taeda purgant et sulphure, aut aqua abluunt, aut aere ventilant, quod erat in sacris Liberi: hoc est enim “tibique oscilla ex alta suspendunt mollia pinu”; nam genus erat purgationis. et in ipsis purgationibus bonum meritorum secutus est ordinem, ut ante aeriam, inde aquae, post ignis diceret purgationem.

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#740|743.]]}} {{sc|'''quisque suos patimur manes'''}} supplicia quae sunt apud manes, ut si quis dicat ‘iudicium patimur’ et significet ea quae in iudicio continentur. est et aliud verius. nam cum nascimur, duos genios sortimur: unus est qui hortatur ad bona, alter qui depravat ad mala. quibus adsistentibus post mortem aut adserimur in meliorem vitam, aut condemnamur in deteriorem; per quos aut vacationem meremur, aut reditum in corpora. ergo ‘manes’ genios dicit, quos cum vita sortimur. {{sc|'''exinde'''}} una pars orationis est, et tertia a fine accentum habet, licet paenultima longa sit: quod ideo factum est, ut ostenderetur una pars esse orationis, ne praepositio iungeretur adverbio, quod vitiosum esse non dubium est.

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#740|744.]]}} {{sc|'''pauci laeta arva tenemus'''}} non omnes: qui enim minus purgantur statim redeunt ad corpora.

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''donec longa dies perfecto temporis orbe'''}} quia etiam post purgationem opus est tempore, ut perseveret in purgatione et sic redeat. et quaeritur utrum animae per apotheosin, de quibus ait ‘pauci laeta arva tenemus’, possint mereri perpetuam vacationem. quod non potest fieri: merentur enim temporis multi, non perpetuitatis, et quae male vixerunt statim redeunt, quae melius, tardius, quae optime, diutissimo tempore sunt cum numinibus. paucae tamen sunt, quae et ipsae exigente ratione, licet tarde, coguntur reverti. {{sc|'''perfecto temporis'''}} orbe finito legitimo tempore.

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#745|746.]]}} {{sc|'''concretam'''}} adfixam et inhaerentem.

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#745|747.]]}} {{sc|'''aetherium sensum'''}} id est {{Graeca|πῦρ νοερὸν}}, ignem sensualem, id est deum: per quod quid sit anima ostendit. {{sc|'''aurai simplicis ignem'''}} non urentis. ‘simplicis’ autem nostri conparatione, qui constat de ligno et aëre: ille enim per se plenus est et aeternus, quia simplex. omnia enim {{Graeca|σύνθετα}}, id est composita, exitum sortiuntur, unde et atomos perpetuas dicunt, quia simplices sunt nec recipiunt sectionem.

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#745|748.]]}} {{sc|'''has omnes'''}} ac si diceret ‘etiam has omnes’; nam supra (713) non omnes dixit, sed ‘animae, quibus altera fato corpora debentur’. {{sc|'''rotam volvere per annos'''}} exegerunt statutum tempus per annorum volubilitatem. est autem sermo Ennii.

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#745|749.]]}} {{sc|'''deus evocat'''}} non dicit quis, sicut supra (264) “di, quibus imperium est animarum”. sed alii Mercurium volunt propter hoc (4.242) “hac animas ille evocat orco pallentes, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit”. et est ratio: nam {{Graeca|νοῦς}} dicitur, id est sensus, quo philosophiam, quae haec indicat, intellegimus, quia ipse etiam invenit litteras. agmine magno impetu. et dictum est imperative, {{Graeca|ἀπειλητικῶς}}: non enim blanditiis inductae redeunt, sed necessitate quadam coguntur ut potantes velint reverti.

{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''inmemores'''}} vel praeteritorum, vel futurorum.

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#750|752.]]}} {{sc|'''dixerat Anchises'''}} ante dicta de reversione animarum probatio huc tetendit, ut celebret Romanos et praecipue Augustum: nam qui bene considerant, inveniunt omnem Romanam historiam ab Aeneae adventu usque ad sua tempora summatim celebrasse Vergilium. quod ideo latet, quia confusus est ordo: nam eversio Ilii et Aeneae errores, adventus bellumque manifesta sunt: Albanos reges, Romanos etiam consulesque, Brutum, Catonem, Caesarem, Augustum et multa ad historiam pertinentia hic indicat locus, cetera, quae hic intermissa sunt, in {{Graeca|ἀσπιδοποιί̈α}} commemorat. unde etiam in antiquis invenimus, opus hoc appellatum esse non Aeneidem, sed gesta populi Romani: quod ideo mutatum est, quia nomen non a parte, sed a toto debet dari.

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#750|753.]]}} {{sc|'''turbamque sonantem'''}} aut quae tunc propter festinationem sonabat: aut turbae perpetuum est epitheton.

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#750|754.]]}} {{sc|'''longo ordine'''}} non quo nati sunt, sed quo apud inferos stabant: non enim eo quo regnarunt, dicturus est ordine.

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''adversos legere'''}} considerare, relegere.

{{ancora+|756|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#755|756.]]}} {{sc|'''dardaniam prolem'''}} Albanos reges, qui tredecim fuerunt de Aeneae et Laviniae genere: unde ait ‘Itala de gente’.

{{ancora+|758|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#755|758.]]}} {{sc|'''inlustres'''}} hoc nomen notitiae fuit, non meriti: unde etiam in meretricibus invenitur, nam et nobiles et inlustres vocantur. {{sc|'''in nomen ituras'''}} in gentem, ut (12.515) “nomen Echionium matrisque genus Peridiae”.

{{ancora+|760|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#760|760.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vides pura iuvenis qui nititur hasta'''}} Aeneas, ut Cato dicit, simul ac venit ad Italiam, Laviniam accepit uxorem. propter quod Turnus iratus, tam in Latinum, quam in Aenean bella suscepit a Mezentio impetratis auxiliis: quod et ipse ostendit dicens  (7.470) “se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque”. sed, ut supra (4.620) diximus, primo bello periit Latinus, secundo pariter Turnus et Aeneas, postea Mezentium interemit Ascanius et Laurolavinium tenuit. cuius Lavinia timens insidias, gravida confugit ad silvas et latuit in casa pastoris Tyrrhi: ad quod adludens ait (7.485) “Tyrrhusque pater, cui regia parent armenta”: et illic enixa est Silvium. sed cum Ascanius flagraret invidia, evocavit novercam et ei concessit Laurolavinium, sibi vero Albam constituit. qui quoniam sine liberis periit, Silvio, qui et ipse Ascanius dictus est, suum reliquit imperium: unde apud Livium est error, qui Ascanius Albam condiderit. postea Albani omnes reges Silvii dicti sunt ab huius nomine, sicut hodieque Romani imperatores Augusti vocantur, Aegyptii Ptolomaei, Persae Arsacidae, Latini Murrani, ut (12.529) “Murranum hic atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem nomina per regesque actum genus omne Latinos”. {{sc|'''pura iuvenis qui nititur hasta'''}} id est sine ferro: nam hoc fuit praemium apud maiores eius qui tunc primum vicisset in proelio, sicut ait Varro in libris de gente populi Romani.

{{ancora+|763|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#760|763.]]}} {{sc|'''silvius Albanum nomen'''}} quia omnes Silvii dicti sunt. {{sc|'''tua postuma proles'''}} postumus est post humationem parentis creatus. per hoc autem Aenean cito ostendit esse periturum, et statim infert consolationem dicens ‘quem tibi longaevo’, id est deo: aevum enim proprie aeternitas est, quae non nisi in deos venit: Ennius “Romulus in caelo cum dis genitalibus aevum degit”. male autem vindicavit usus, per quem dixit (5.715) “longaevosque senes”.

{{ancora+|766|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#765|766.]]}} {{sc|'''unde'''}} a quo, ut (1.6) “genus unde Latinum”: nam posteri eius fuerunt qui postea apud Albanam regnavere civitatem.

{{ancora+|767|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#765|767.]]}} {{sc|'''proximus ille procas'''}} standi ordine, non nascendi: nam sextus est rex Albanorum. item Numitor tertius decimus fuit.

{{ancora+|770|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#770|770.]]}} {{sc|'''si umquam regnandam acceperit Albam'''}} Aeneas scilicet Silvius. et hic ostendit omnes Albanos reges Silvios dictos. ‘acceperit’ autem a tutore, qui eius invasit imperium: quod ei vix anno quinquagesimo tertio restituit. et rem plenam historiae per transitum tetigit.

{{ancora+|772|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#770|772.]]}} {{sc|'''civili tempora quercu'''}} ‘civica’ debuit dicere, sed mutavit, ut e contra Horatius “motum ex Metello consule civicum”, pro ‘civilem’. querceam autem coronam accipiebant qui in bello civem liberassent, ideo quia ante causa vitae in hac arbore hominibus fuit, qui glandibus vescebantur. aliae enim erant murales, aliae agonales, id est lemniscatae. muralis dabatur ei qui prior murum ascendisset.

{{ancora+|773|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#770|773.]]}} {{sc|'''hi tibi nomentum'''}} hae civitates sunt priscorum Latinorum ab Albanis regibus constitutae: quamquam Collatiam Tarquinius constituisse dicatur, qui, ut erat superbus, eam ex collata pecunia constituit, unde et Collatia dicta est. potest tamen fieri, ut ab Albanis fundata sit, aucta a Tarquinio, sicut supra (3.551) de Tarento diximus, quod Taras fecit, auxit Phalantos. Romam etiam Romulus fecisse dicitur, quam ante Euander condidit, ut (8.313) “tunc pater Euandrus Romanae conditor arcis”. {{sc|'''urbemque fidenam'''}} ‘Fidenae’ dicuntur, ut ‘Thebae’; sed dixit ut Iuvenalis (15.6) “atque vetus Thebe centum iacet obruta portis”: nam varietati studet. unde etiam ait (776) ‘Pometios’, cum dicatur numero singulari Pometia.

{{ancora+|775|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#775|775.]]}} {{sc|'''castrumque inui'''}} una est in Italia civitas, quae castrum novum dicitur: de hac autem ait ‘castrum Inui’, id est Panos, qui illic colitur. Inuus autem latine appellatur, Graece {{Graeca|Πάν}}: item {{Graeca|Ἐφιάλτης}} Graece, latine Incubo: idem Faunus, idem Fatuus, Fatuclus. dicitur autem Inuus ab ineundo passim cum omnibus animalibus, unde et Incubo dicitur. ‘castrum’ autem civitas est; nam castra numero plurali dicimus, licet legerimus in Plauto “castrum Poenorum”: quod etiam diminutio ostendit; nam ‘castellum’ dicimus.

{{ancora+|776|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#775|776.]]}} {{sc|'''nunc sunt sine nomine terrae'''}} atqui in catalogo hinc est dicturus aliquas civitates; sed ex persona sua praeoccupat.

{{ancora+|777|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#775|777.]]}} {{sc|'''quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet Romulus'''}} Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. sed Numitorem regno Amulius pepulit et Iliam, eius filiam, sacerdotem Vestae fecit. de hac et Marte nati sunt Remus et Romulus. qui cum adolevissent, occiso Amulio avum Numitorem in regna revocaverunt et cum eo uno anno regnaverunt. postea propter angustias imperii Romam captatis auguriis condiderunt. ergo ‘avo se addet comitem’ aut avito se iunget imperio, aut certe, secundum Ennium, referetur inter deos cum Aenea: dicit namque Iliam fuisse filiam Aeneae. quod si est, Aeneas avus est Romuli. unde etiam addidit ‘Assaraci quem sanguinis’: nam hoc epitheton non sine causa est introductum, quod est proprium Aeneae; nam Assaracus pater est Capyos, Capys Anchisae, Anchises Aeneae.

{{ancora+|779|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#775|779.]]}} {{sc|'''viden'''}} ‘den’ naturaliter longa est, brevem tamen eam posuit, secutus Ennium: et adeo eius est inmutata natura, ut iam ubique brevis inveniatur. {{sc|'''geminae stant vertice cristae'''}} omnino in omnibus hoc egit Romulus, ut cum fratre regnare videretur, ne se reum parricidii iudicaret: unde omnia duplicia habuit, quasi cum fratre communia. etenim ad captanda auguria montem Palatinum Romulus tenuit, Aventinum Remus. qui prior sex vultures vidit, post Romulus duodecim. et cum ille tempore, ille numero de condenda urbe certarent, orta contentione de urbis nomine inter exercitum, a Romuli militibus Remus occisus est. fabulosum enim est quod a fratre propter muros dicitur interemptus.

{{ancora+|780|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#780|780.]]}} {{sc|'''et pater ipse suo superum iam signat honore'''}} merito virtutis Mars Romulum deum esse significat: ‘superum’ enim accusativus est singularis ab eo quod est ‘superus, superi’.

{{ancora+|781|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#780|781.]]}} {{sc|'''illa'''}} quam tibi saepe fata promiserunt. {{sc|'''inclita'''}} graecum est: nam {{Graeca|κλυτόν}} gloriosum dicunt.

{{ancora+|782|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#780|782.]]}} {{sc|'''imperium terris'''}} hoc est in quantum tenditur terra. {{sc|'''animos aequabit olympo'''}} magnanimitate aequabitur caelo. de hoc autem loco et Trogus et Probus quaerunt.

{{ancora+|783|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#780|783.]]}} {{sc|'''septemque una sibi muro circumdabit arces'''}} bene urbem Romam dicit septem inclusisse montes. et medium tenuit: nam grandis est inde dubitatio. et alii dicunt breves septem colliculos a Romulo inclusos, qui tamen aliis nominibus appellabantur. alii volunt hos ipsos, qui nunc sunt, a Romulo inclusos, id est Palatinum, Quirinalem, Aventinum, Caelium, Viminalem, Esquilinum, Ianicularem. alii vero volunt hos quidem fuisse, aliis tamen nominibus appellatos: quae mutata sunt postea, ut de multis locis et fluminibus legimus, ut (8.329) “saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus”.

{{ancora+|784|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#780|784.]]}} {{sc|'''prole virum'''}} virorum fortium. {{sc|'''qualis berecyntia mater'''}} Phrygia: nam Berecyntos castellum est Phrygiae iuxta Sangarium fluvium, ubi mater deum colitur. per hanc autem comparationem nihil aliud ostendit, nisi Romanos duces inter deos esse referendos.

{{ancora+|785|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#785|785.]]}} {{sc|'''turrita'''}} quia ipsa est terra, quae urbes sustinet.

{{ancora+|788|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#785|788.]]}} {{sc|'''huc geminas nunc flecte acies'''}} totum visum tuum huc dirige et hunc specialiter intuere. sic Asper.

{{ancora+|789|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#785|789.]]}} {{sc|'''hic Caesar et omnis Iuli progenies'''}} ut (1.288) “Iulius a magno demissum nomen Iulo”.

{{ancora+|790|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#790|790.]]}} {{sc|'''caeli ventura sub axem'''}} nam cum Augustus patri Caesari ludos funebres exhiberet, stella per diem apparuit, quam persuasione Augusti Caesaris esse populus credidit. hinc est “ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum”. ‘sub axem’ ergo, id est ad divinos honores.

{{ancora+|791|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#790|791.]]}} {{sc|'''hic vir hic'''}} est ‘c’ littera pro duplici non nisi in monosyllabis habetur, ut (2.664) “hoc erat alma parens”, per eorum scilicet privilegium. unde falsum est quod Terentianus dicit, eam pro metri ratione vel duplicem haberi vel simplicem. nam si hoc esset, etiam in disyllabis pro duabus haberi debuerat, quod nusquam invenimus. litterae enim naturam servari et in polysyllabis convenit.

{{ancora+|792|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#790|792.]]}} {{sc|'''divi genus'''}} Caesaris, qui factus est deus. ‘genus’ autem dicit non solum iure adoptionis, sed etiam consanguinitatis: nam Atiae fuit filius, quae erat soror Caesaris. hic autem Augustus Caesar hoc nomen accepit a patre adoptivo: nam ante Octavianus dictus est a patre Octavio, Atiae marito.

{{ancora+|793|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#790|793.]]}} {{sc|'''saecula qui rursus Latio'''}} sub Saturno dicit aurea saecula fuisse in orbe terrarum, sub Augusto tantum in Italia.

{{ancora+|794|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#790|794.]]}} {{sc|'''garamantas'''}} populi inter Libyam et Africam, iuxta {{Graeca|κεκαυμένην}}. {{sc|'''indos'''}} populi orientis extremi.

{{ancora+|795|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#795|795.]]}} {{sc|'''iacet extra sidera tellus'''}} nulla terra est, quae non subiaceat sideribus: unde perite addidit ‘extra anni solisque vias’, ut ostenderet {{font-size|90%|XII}}. signa, in quibus est circulus solis. significat autem Maurorum Aethiopiam, ubi est Atlas: de qua Lucanus (3.253) “Aethiopumque solum, quod non premeretur ab ulla signiferi regione poli, nisi poplite lapso ultima curvati procederet ungula tauri”.

{{ancora+|797|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#795|797.]]}} {{sc|'''torquet'''}} sustinet. {{sc|'''aptum'''}} vicinum, ut diximus supra (4.482).

{{ancora+|798|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#795|798.]]}} {{sc|'''iam nunc et Caspia regna'''}} fines Assyriorum, in quibus sunt {{Graeca|πύλαι}} Caspiae. quod autem dicit verum est: nam et Suetonius ait in vita Caesarum (2.94), responsa esse data per totum orbem, nasci invictum imperatorem.

{{ancora+|799|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#795|799.]]}} {{sc|'''maeotia tellus'''}} Scythia, cuius palus est Maeotis.

{{ancora+|800|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#800|800.]]}} {{sc|'''turbant'''}} turbantur. {{sc|'''septemgemini'''}} autem septemflui.

{{ancora+|802|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#800|802.]]}} {{sc|'''fixerit aeripedem cervam'''}} pro ‘aëripedem’. vicit autem Cerynitin cervam, dictam a loco. ‘fixerit’ autem statuerit, delassaverit. {{sc|'''erymanthi pacarit nemora'''}} mons Arcadiae, ubi aper ferocissimus fuit.

{{ancora+|803|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#800|803.]]}} {{sc|'''lernam tremefecerit arcu'''}} pro hydra paludem ipsam posuit. et intellegamus ante eam sagittis fuisse confixam, post exsectam et adustam.

{{ancora+|805|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#805|805.]]}} {{sc|'''nysae de vertice'''}} mons est Indiae, de quo loquitur. ceterum est et Nysa civitas, in qua Liber colitur, unde Nysaeus dictus est.

{{ancora+|806|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#805|806.]]}} {{sc|'''et dubitamus'''}} pro ‘dubitas’: miscuit personam suam. est autem sensus: cum tibi sit tanta ex Romanis et praecipue ex Augusto praeparata posteritas, dubitas virtutem factis extendere, id est gloriam? aut est aliquis timor, qui te a regnis Italiae revocet?

{{ancora+|808|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#805|808.]]}} {{sc|'''quis procul ille autem'''}} nunc redit ad Romanos reges, qui septem fuerunt: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus. mira autem utitur phantasia, ut quasi ostendat se non agnoscere eum, qui de gente Romana non fuerat. Romulo enim mortuo cum uno anno senatus per quinque dierum interregnum regnasset per decurias, taediosum visum est omnibus et quaesitus est rex. sed cum in urbe nullus idoneus esset inventus, orta est bona Pompilii fama, quod esset apud Cures, civitatem Sabinorum. rogatus itaque per legatos accepit imperium. qui ferociam populi a bellis ad sacra contulit: unde etiam Numa dictus est ἀπὸ {{Graeca|τῶν νόμων}}, ab inventione et constitutione legis, nam proprium nomen Pompilius habuit. hic etiam canus fuit a prima aetate, ad quod adludens dicit ‘incanaque menta’: item propter sacerdotium ‘ramis insignis olivae’.

{{ancora+|813|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#810|813.]]}} {{sc|'''otia qui rumpet'''}} de hoc Livius (1.22.1) “inde Tullum, qui ferox et Romulo, quam Numae similis”. {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, otiosos, nimium sedentes.

{{ancora+|814|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#810|814.]]}} {{sc|'''desueta triumphis'''}} a consuetudine triumphandi desciscentia.

{{ancora+|815|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#815|815.]]}} {{sc|'''iactantior ancus'''}} id est amans populi favorem. hic Ostiam fecit. Ancus autem dictus {{Graeca|ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγκῶνος}}, id est a cubito, quem incurvum habuisse dicitur.

{{ancora+|816|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#815|816.]]}} {{sc|'''auris'''}} favoribus: unde et aurarii dicuntur favisores.

{{ancora+|817|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#815|817.]]}} {{sc|'''vis et Tarquinios reges animamque superbam'''}} unus enim de Tarquiniis fuit superbus.

{{ancora+|818|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#815|818.]]}} {{sc|'''ultoris Bruti fascesque videre receptos'''}} vis videre etiam ultoris Bruti fasces receptos? historia autem hoc habet. Tarquinius ob multa quidem superbus est dictus, praecipue tamen propter hanc causam. mandavit aliquando cuidam satelliti ut cuiusdam oppidi omnes principes interimeret. profectus ille grandem multitudinem repperit. quod cum ei renuntiasset deambulanti cum virga in hortis, detrectans ille responsionem capita decussit papaverum, ut satelles quid fieri vellet, agnosceret. huius filius vitiavit nobilissimam matronam Lucretiam, quod illa dolens se interemit. tunc eius avunculus Brutus, rapto ex eius corpore gladio, processit ad populum et de hac re contionatus est. quo facto omnibus placuit ne reciperetur rex, qui tunc Ardeam expugnabat. propter quod se Tarquinius cum liberis ad Porsennam regem Tusciae contulit et bellum gessit gravissimum contra populum Romanum. tunc duo creati sunt consules, Brutus et Tricipitinus, pater Lucretiae, qui et Tarquinius dicebatur: ob quod solum est urbe depulsus, et in eius locum subrogatus est Valerius Publicola, quo mortuo item alter est factus, et alter similiter. quod cernens taediosum esse Vergilius Brutum solum posuit, qui annum solus implevit. sed Bruti filii amici erant filiis Tarquinii: cum quibus cum inissent consilium, ut eos per noctem intromitterent, proditi sunt a servo Vindicio et a patre interempti. ideo ergo ‘ultoris’, scilicet libertatis publicae et Lucretiae pudoris.

{{ancora+|819|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#815|819.]]}} {{sc|'''saevasque secures'''}} quae saevierunt etiam contra liberos.

{{ancora+|821|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#820|821.]]}} {{sc|'''pulchra pro libertate'''}} ingenti arte loquitur consideratione personarum: factum enim laudat dicens ‘pulchra pro libertate’, personam vituperat.

{{ancora+|822|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#820|822.]]}} {{sc|'''utcumque ferent ea facta minores'''}} etiamsi lauderis a posteris: extorquere debet naturae vim amor patriae.

{{ancora+|824|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#820|824.]]}} {{sc|'''quin Decios'''}} quin immo Decios respice. hi duo fuerunt, qui Mures dicti sunt, pater et filius. horum alter se bello Gallico, alter Samnitico vovit pro republica, cum Terra et Manes universum bello vellent exercitum perdere. drusosque procul et hi duo fuerunt. horum prior vicit Hasdrubalem, alter est filius Liviae, uxoris Augusti. {{sc|'''saevumque securi aspice Torquatum'''}} hic Gallum quendam in ponte Anienis singulari certamine superavit et eius sibi torquem inposuit, unde nomen accepit. hic ad urbem pergens, praecepit filio, ut tantum castra tueretur. ille provocatus ab hostibus, nacta occasione, victoriam consecutus est. reversus postea pater laudavit fortunam populi Romani, sed filium, ut dicit Livius, fustuario supplicio necavit. ergo ‘saevum securi’ saevum iure occidendi, non ferri genere: nam securi non animadvertit in filium.

{{ancora+|825|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#825|825.]]}} {{sc|'''referentem signa Camillum'''}} Brenno duce Galli apud Alliam fluvium deletis legionibus everterunt urbem Romam absque Capitolio, pro quo inmensam pecuniam acceperunt. tunc Camillus absens dictator est factus, cum diu esset apud Ardeam in exilio propter Veientanam praedam non aequo iure divisam, et Gallos iam abeuntes secutus est: quibus interemptis aurum omne recepit et signa. quod cum illic appendisset, civitati nomen dedit: nam Pisaurum dicitur, quod illic aurum pensatum est. post hoc tamen factum rediit in exilium, unde rogatus reversus est.

{{ancora+|826|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#825|826.]]}} {{sc|'''fulgere'''}} ab eo, quod est ‘fulgo fulgis’.

{{ancora+|827|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#825|827.]]}} {{sc|'''dum nocte premuntur'''}} bene adlusit: nam concordiam in humilitate tenuerunt, cum nobilitate vero in bella venerunt.

{{ancora+|830|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#830|830.]]}} {{sc|'''aggeribus socer alpinis'''}} a munimentis Alpium; haec enim Italiae murorum exhibent vicem. ‘socer’ vero, quia Pompeius habuit Iuliam, filiam Caesaris, quae in partu periit. unde etiam isti facile inter se dimicare potuerunt. {{sc|'''atque arce Monoeci'''}} de Liguria, ubi est portus Monoeci Herculis. dictus autem Monoecus vel quod pulsis omnibus illic solus habitavit, vel quod in eius templo numquam aliquis deorum simul colitur, sicut in Iovis Minerva et Iuno, in Veneris Cupido.

{{ancora+|831|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#830|831.]]}} {{sc|'''adversis instructus eois'''}} orientis enim auxiliis usus est.

{{ancora+|832|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#830|832.]]}} {{sc|'''adsuescite bella'''}} mire dictum: ab ipsis enim quasi consuetudinem fecit populus Romanus bellorum civilium. septies enim gesta sunt: ter a Caesare, contra Pompeium in Thessalia, contra eius filium Magnum in Hispania, item contra Iubam et Catonem in Africa: mortuo Caesare ab Augusto contra Cassium et Brutum in Philippis, civitate Thessaliae; Lucium Antonium in Perusia, Tusciae civitate; Sextum Pompeium in Sicilia; Antonium et Cleopatram in Epiro.

{{ancora+|834|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#830|834.]]}} {{sc|'''tuque prior tu parce'''}} Caesari dicit, quem clementem circa Pompeianos legimus: cui vult tunc ab Anchise hoc esse mandatum.

{{ancora+|836|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#835|836.]]}} {{sc|'''ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho'''}} Mummium significat.

{{ancora+|839|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#835|839.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsumque Aeaciden'''}} necesse est ut ‘ille’ subaudiamus: Pyrrhum enim, quem Aeaciden dicit, Curius et Fabricius vicerunt ferentem Tarentinis auxilium. hic postea fugit in Graeciam et illic est occisus in templo. Argos vero et Mycenas alii vicerunt.

{{ancora+|840|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#840|840.]]}} {{sc|'''ultus avos'''}} aut hic distinguendum, ut sit ‘Troiae Minervae’ pro Troianae, principale pro derivativo: aut certe ‘avos Troiae’, non quos Troia habuit avos, sed qui de Troia fuerunt, id est avos Troianorum. {{sc|'''templa temerata Minervae'''}} per stuprum Cassandrae.

{{ancora+|841|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#840|841.]]}} {{sc|'''magne Cato'''}} Censorium dicit, qui scripsit historias, multa etiam bella confecit: nam Uticensem praesente Augusto, contra quem pater eius Caesar et dimicavit et Anticatones scripsit, laudare non poterat. {{sc|'''te Cosse relinquat'''}} Cossus tribunus militaris consulari potestate fuit. hic regem Tuscorum Lartem Tolumnium, a loco dictum, occidit et secunda post Romulum opima spolia revocavit. erit autem nominativus ‘hic Lars, huius Lartis’.

{{ancora+|842|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#840|842.]]}} {{sc|'''quis Gracchi genus'''}} Gracchos seditiosos constat fuisse, nobiles tamen genere: namque per Corneliam nepotes Scipionis Africani fuerunt, unde Iuvenalis ad eam (6.170) “tolle tuum precor Hannibalem victumque Syphacem”. ergo Scipiones dicit per ‘Gracchi genus’. duo autem fuerunt: maior Africanus, Aemilianus minor, qui obsidione Carthaginis ab Italia revocavit Hannibalem.

{{ancora+|843|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#840|843.]]}} {{sc|'''scipiadas'''}} hi gemini fratres fuerunt. qui cum fortissime dimicarent in Hispania apud Carthaginem novam, quae Spartaria dicitur, insidiis interempti sunt. {{sc|'''cladem Libyae'''}} Scipiones.

{{ancora+|844|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#840|844.]]}} {{sc|'''fabricium'''}} paupertate gloriosum. hic est qui respondit legatis Samnitum aurum sibi offerentibus, Romanos non aurum habere velle, sed aurum habentibus imperare. {{sc|'''serrane serentem'''}} Atilius quidam senator fuit, qui cum agrum suum coleret, evocatus propter virtutem meruit dictaturam. Serranus autem a serendo dictus est.

{{ancora+|845|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#845|845.]]}} {{sc|'''quo fessum rapitis Fabii'''}} cur me, o Fabii, fessum ad vestram trahitis narrationem? aut certe ‘fessum’ tristem — ut (8.232) “ter fessus valle resedit” — scilicet propter eorum mortem: nam trecenti sex fuerunt de una familia. qui cum coniurati cum servis et clientibus suis contra Veientes dimicarent, insidiis apud Cremeram fluvium interempti sunt. unus tantum superfuit, Fabius Maximus, qui propter teneram adhuc pueritiam in civitate remanserat. hic postea cum Hannibalis impetum ferre non posset, mora eum elusit — nam oportuna loca praeoccupans a vastatione Italiae compescuit — et ad Campaniam traxit, ubi deliciis eius virtus obtorpuit. ille est, de quo ait Ennius “unus qui nobis cunctando restituit rem”. sciens enim Vergilius quasi pro exemplo hunc versum posuit. {{sc|'''ille'''}}] *notandum est de secunda persona dictum*.

{{ancora+|847|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#845|847.]]}} {{sc|'''excudent alii'''}} cudendo efficient: et est rhetoricus locus. {{sc|'''spirantia'''}} animata. Horatius “et molles imitabitur aere capillos”.

{{ancora+|848|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#845|848.]]}} {{sc|'''vivos vultus'''}} hoc est quod dixit ‘spirantia’. et per aes Corinthios indicat, per marmor Parios, per actionem causarum Athenienses, per astronomiam Aegyptios et Chaldaeos.

{{ancora+|852|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#850|852.]]}} {{sc|'''pacis morem'''}} leges pacis.

{{ancora+|855|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#855|855.]]}} {{sc|'''spoliis Marcellus opimis'''}} hic Gallos et Poenos equestri certamine superavit. Viridomarum etiam, Gallorum ducem, manu propria interemit et opima retulit spolia, quae dux detraxerat duci, sicut Cossus Larti Tolumnio.

{{ancora+|856|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#855|856.]]}} {{sc|'''supereminet omnes'''}} virtutis scilicet genere.

{{ancora+|857|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#855|857.]]}} {{sc|'''rem Romanam'''}} statum reipublicae. {{sc|'''turbante tumultu'''}} ideo ‘tumultu’, quia res in Italia adversus Gallos geritur.

{{ancora+|858|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#855|858.]]}} {{sc|'''sistet'''}} confirmabit, corroborabit.

{{ancora+|859|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#855|859.]]}} {{sc|'''tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino'''}} et tertia opima spolia suspendet patri, id est Iovi, ‘capta Quirino’, qualia et Quirinus ceperat, id est Romulus, de Acrone, rege Caeninensium, et ea Iovi Feretrio suspenderat. possumus et, quod est melius, secundum legem Numae hunc locum accipere, qui praecepit prima opima spolia Iovi Feretrio debere suspendi, quod iam Romulus fecerat; secunda Marti, quod Cossus fecit; tertia Quirino, quod fecit Marcellus. Quirinus autem est Mars, qui praeest paci et intra civitatem colitur: nam belli Mars extra civitatem templum habuit. ergo aut ‘suspendet patri’, id est Iovi: aut ‘suspendet patri Quirino’. varie de hoc loco tractant commentatores, Numae legis inmemores, cuius facit mentionem et Livius.

{{ancora+|861|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#860|861.]]}} {{sc|'''egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis'''}} tria sunt secundum Carminium: pulchritudo, aetas, virtus. significat autem Marcellum, filium Octaviae, sororis Augusti, quem sibi Augustus adoptavit. hic sexto decimo anno incidit in valetudinem et periit octavo decimo in Baiano, cum aedilitatem gereret. huius mortem vehementer civitas doluit: nam et adfabilis fuit et Augusti filius. ad funeris huius honorem Augustus sescentos lectos intra civitatem ire iussit: hoc enim apud maiores gloriosum fuerat et dabatur pro qualitate fortunae; nam Sulla sex milia habuit. igitur cum ingenti pompa adlatus et in campo Martio est sepultus. ergo modo in Augusti adulationem quasi epitaphion ei dicit. et constat hunc librum tanta pronuntiatione Augusto et Octaviae esse recitatum, ut fletu nimio imperarent silentium, nisi Vergilius finem esse dixisset. qui pro hoc aere gravi donatus est, id est massis: nam sic et Livius argentum grave dicit, id est massas.

{{ancora+|862|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#860|862.]]}} {{sc|'''sed frons laeta parum'''}} omen est mortis futurae. ex contrario alibi “incipe parve puer risu cognoscere matrem”.

{{ancora+|863|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#860|863.]]}} {{sc|'''virum qui sic comitatur'''}} Marcellum, cui similis est.

{{ancora+|865|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#865|865.]]}} {{sc|'''qui strepitus'''}} propter aedilitatem. {{sc|'''instar'''}} similitudo. et est nomen, quod non recipit praepositionem: ‘ad instar’ enim non dicimus. quod Probus declarat.

{{ancora+|869|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#865|869.]]}} {{sc|'''ostendent terris hunc tantum fata'''}} parum inlucescet, quia mox peribit.

{{ancora+|871|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#870|871.]]}} {{sc|'''visa potens superi'''}} cum indignatione dicit: invidistis et gloriae Romanae et vestris muneribus: nam †felicitas vestra sunt munera. propria perpetua, ut (1.73) “propriamque dicabo”.

{{ancora+|872|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#870|872.]]}} {{sc|'''mavortis campus'''}} in quo est sepultus.

{{ancora+|874|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#870|874.]]}} {{sc|'''funera'''}} propter sescentos lectulos.

{{ancora+|875|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#875|875.]]}} {{sc|'''(nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos) in tantum spe tollet avos'''}} erigit generis antiquitatem. et rhetorice spem laudat in puero, quia facta non invenit. est autem Ciceronis in dialogo Fannio “causa difficilis laudare puerum: non enim res laudanda, sed spes est”. {{sc|'''nec Romula quondam'''}} pro ‘Romulea’, ut (4.37) “quos Africa terra triumphis dives alit”. ‘quondam’ autem potest et praeteriti esse et futuri.

{{ancora+|881|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#880|881.]]}} {{sc|'''foderet calcaribus armos'''}} species pro genere: equi ‘armos’ pro equo posuit; non enim possunt armi calcaribus fodi.

{{ancora+|882|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#880|882.]]}} {{sc|'''fata aspera rumpas'''}} posse aliqua ratione fata disrumpi per transitum docet.

{{ancora+|883|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#880|883.]]}} {{sc|'''tu Marcellus eris'''}} talis, qualis est Marcellus.

{{ancora+|884|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#880|884.]]}} {{sc|'''purpureos flores'''}} ut saepe (5.79) diximus, propter sanguinis similitudinem, quia aut anima est, aut animae sedes. {{sc|'''nepotis'''}} posteri: non enim re vera nepos fuit.

{{ancora+|885|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#885|885.]]}} {{sc|'''inani munere'''}} secundum Epicureos, non profuturo.

{{ancora+|886|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#885|886.]]}} {{sc|'''sic'''}} ista noscentes.

{{ancora+|887|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#885|887.]]}} {{sc|'''aëris in campis'''}} conlisionem fecit. locutus autem est secundum eos, qui putant Elysium lunarem esse circulum.

{{ancora+|889|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#885|889.]]}} {{sc|'''incenditque animum'''}} nam supra ait (806) “et dubitamus adhuc virtutem extendere factis?”

{{ancora+|890|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#890|890.]]}} {{sc|'''exin'''}} deinde. confert autem in conpendium narrationis prolixitatem: sic Terentius propter longum actum ait “intus despondebitur, intus transigetur, si quid est quod restat”.

{{ancora+|893|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#890|893.]]}} {{sc|'''sunt geminae Somni portae'''}} pro somniorum. est autem in hoc loco Homerum secutus, hoc tantum differt, quod ille per utramque portam somnia exire dicit, hic umbras veras per corneam, per quas umbras somnia indicat vera. et poetice apertus est sensus: vult autem intellegi falsa esse omnia quae dixit. physiologia vero hoc habet: per portam corneam oculi significantur, qui et cornei sunt coloris et duriores ceteris membris: nam frigus non sentiunt, sicut et Cicero dicit in libris de deorum natura. per eburneam vero portam os significatur a dentibus. et scimus quia quae loquimur falsa esse possunt, ea vero quae videmus sine dubio vera sunt. ideo Aeneas per eburneam emittitur portam. est et alter sensus: Somnum novimus cum cornu pingi. et qui de somniis scripserunt dicunt ea quae secundum fortunam et personae possibilitatem videntur habere effectum. et haec vicina sunt cornu: unde cornea vera fingitur porta. ea vero quae supra fortunam sunt et habent nimium ornatum vanamque iactantiam dicunt falsa esse: unde eburnea, quasi ornatior porta, fingitur falsa.

{{ancora+|896|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#895|896.]]}} {{sc|'''insomnia'''}} id est somnia.

{{ancora+|899|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#895|899.]]}} {{sc|'''secat'''}} tenet: unde et sectas dicimus ab eo quod propositum tenent.

{{ancora+|900|[[Aeneis/Liber VI#900|900.]]}} {{sc|'''ad Caietae portum'''}} a persona poetae prolepsis: nam Caieta nondum dicebatur.
{{Liber
|Ante=Liber V
|AnteNomen=../Liber VII
|Post=Commentarius VII
|PostNomen=../Liber VII
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Epodon liber</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74089</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276828</id>
      <parentid>258492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:42:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
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      <text bytes="53536" sha1="7q38wjp1qrnexaw6phob8xxq6z9wjqt" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor= Matthias Casimirus Sarbievius
|OperaeTitulus= Epodon liber
|OperaeWikiPagina= Epodon liber
|Annus=saeculo XVII
|SubTitulus=
|Genera=carmina
|Editio=Poemata omnia, Staraviesiae 1892
|Fons=[https://books.google.ru/books?id=bg9-9TXzu-4C GoogleBooks]
}}
==ODE I. Ad Paulum Iordanum Ursinum Bracciani Ducem.==
===Bracciani agri amoenitatem commendat, ad quem per ferias Septembres secesserat Roma.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Huc o quietis apta Musis otia,
    Levesque Ludorum chori;
Huc, feriantum, Phoebe, Musarum pater,
    Huc, hospitales Gratiae;
Huc delicatis ite permixti Iocis
    Non inverecundi Sales:
Hic otiosi mite Bracciani solum
    Vago coronemus pede.
Clemens supino clivus assurgit iugo,
    Caelumque paulatim subit,
Et solida subter terga scopulorum arduo
    Securus insessu premit:
Arcisque iactat inter alta turrium
    Insigne propugnacula,
Timenda quondam Caesarum turmis ducum,
    Timenda magno Borgiae,
Cum per minantum militum aeratos globos
    Metuenda iaceret fulmina,
Ageretque profugum Caesarem, et quassum metu,
    Adusque promissum Nihil.
Hic ille magnus frenat Etruscas opes
    Ursinus heroum decus.
Heres avitae laudis, et princeps caput
    Magnaeque laus Oenotriae.
Circum coruscis scena quercetis viret,
    Caelumque verrit frondibus,
Suosque colles vestit, et patentibus
    Sese theatris explicat.
Admota muris pone Nympharum domus
    Aprica praebet littora:
Ripamque Baccho iungit, et vallum prope
    Lentis flagellat fluctibus.
Maiore nusquam stagna Neptuno sonant,
    Aut aestuantis Larii,
Aut qui severo tangit Albanus lacu
    Inenatabilem Styga:
Aut quae procellis gaudet, et magno fremit
    Superba ponto Julia:
Nec maior usquam spumat, et rupes truci
    Benacus assultat salo.
Intonsa curvo monte circumstant iuga,
    Mitesque despectant aquas.
Nivosus illinc terga Romanus movet,
    Coeloque diducit minas:
Illinc caducis ilicem quassat comis
    Sublime Cymini caput,
Crudumque Boream frangit impotentibus
    Deproeliaturum Notis,
Terrisque late regnat, et caeli minis
    Opponit hibernum latus.
Amica sternit interim lacum quies,
    Fluctusque fluctu nititur,
Et ipsa secum pigra luctatur Thetis,
    Aquaeque colludunt aquis:
Quas vel carina, vel citata turgido
    Findit phaselus linteo:
Pinnaque late vitreum cogens pecus
    Volente lino truditur,
Setaque piscem ducit, et raris procul
    Lacum coronat retibus.
Hinc alta lucet divitis Pollae domus,
    Hinc pinguis Anguilaria:
Trebonianas hinc amica vineas
    Vadosa plangunt aequora:
Hinc delicati fundus Aureli nitet,
    Lymphae salutaris pater:
Undaque morbos arcet, et vivacibus
    Luem fluentis eluit.
At qua superbum fontibus nomen dedit,
    Suumque Flora marginem,
Vivis perennes decidunt saxis aquae,
    Camposque decursu lavant,
Patremque longe Tibrin, et regem sonant,
    Romaeque servitum fluunt.
Sincera circum regna naturae nitent,
    Et artis immunes loci:
Adhucque virgo sulcus, et montes adhuc
    Molles inexperti manus,
Meramque Bacchus Tethyn, et Bacchum Thetis,
    Et pinguis invitat Ceres.
Hinc ille laetus surgit, et tenacibus
    Inserpit ulmis Evius,
Udoque cornu turget, et fluentibus
    Crinem racemis impedit.
Non Lesbos illi, non odorati magis
    Vineta rident Massici,
Aut quae Falernis educata solibus
    Sublucet uvae purpura.
Sed nec Falisci glaream malit soli,
    Nec pinguis uber Rhaetiae;
Nec flava tantum culta felicis Cypri,
    Graiamve dilexit Rhodon,
Quantum suis superbit, et sese suis
    Miratur in canalibus.
Circum beatis imperat campis Ceres
    Lateque rura possidet:
Et arva flavo messium fluctu tument,
    Motuque culmorum natant.
Innube rarus inquinat caelum vapor,
    Aut tensa nimbis vellera:
Aut e Boreis bella ventorum plagis,
    Raucusque silvarum fragor
Auditur usquam: non protervis insonant
    Exercitati Syrtibus,
Euris et Austris contumaces Africi,
    Et perduellibus Notis.
Tantum serenus Vesper, et tenerrima
    Etesiarum flamina,
Albique soles, et serena lucidis
    Aspirat aura montibus:
Puramque caelo provehunt Horae facem,
    Et Phoebus Horarum pater
Peculiari luce colles irrigat,
    Pronaque perfundit die.
Ramis tepentes ingruunt Favonii
    Iocantis aurae sibilo,
Et temperatis provocant suspiriis,
    Lenique somnum murmure.
At non loquaces interim nidi tacent,
    Matresque nidorum vagae.
Sed aut maritis turtur in ramis gemit,
    Et saxa rumpit questibus,
Aut laeta late cantibus mulcet loca
    Famosa pellex Thraciae,
Silvisque coram plorat, et crudelibus
    Accusat agris Terea:
Quaecumque maestae vocibus dicunt aves,
    Respondet argutum nemus.
Affatur alnum quercus, ornum populus,
    Affatur ilex ilicem,
Et se vicissim collocuta redditis
    Arbusta solantur sonis.
Huc o Quiritum ductor, huc Oenotriae
    O magne regnator plagae
Iordane, tandem plenus urbis et fori,
    Rerumque magnarum satur,
Sepone curis temet, et domesticis
    Furare pectus otiis.
Hic vel tuarum lene tranabis vadum
    Opacus umbris arborum,
Tuosque colles inter, et tuas procul
    Perambulabis ilices:
Vel cum Decembri campus, et prima nive
     Vicina canescent iuga;
Nunc impeditas mollibus plagis feras,
    Silvamque praecinges metu:
Nunc incitato capream rumpes equo,
    Teloque deprendes aprum;
Iactoque cervos collocabis spiculo,
    Furesque terrebis lupos.
Quod si Latinae laus Alexander plagae,
    Sacraeque sidus purpurae,
Tecum paterno feriabitur solo,
    Seseque curis eximet,
Tuique cives, hospitesque civium
    Toto fruemur gaudio.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE II. Ad fontem Sonam.==
===In patrio fundo, dum Roma rediisset.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Fons innocenti lucidus magis vitro
    Puraque purior nive,
Pagi voluptas, una Nympharum sitis,
    Ocelle natalis soli.
Longis viarum languidus laboribus
    Et mole curarum gravis
Tuscis ab usque gentibus redux, tibi
    Accline prosterno latus:
Permitte siccus, qua potes, premi; cava
    Permitte libari manu.
Sic te quietum nulla perturbet pecus,
    Ramusve lapsus arbore:
Sic dum loquaci prata garritu secas,
    Et laetus audiri salis.
Assibilantes populetorum comae
    Ingrata ponant murmura
Tibi, lyraeque Vatis: haud frustra sacer
    Nam siquid Urbanus probat,
Olim fluenti lene Bandusiae nihil
    Aut Sirmioni debeas.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE III. Laus otii religiosi.==
===Palinodia ad Horatii Epod. II===
''Beatus ille qui procul negotiis.''
&lt;poem&gt;
At ille, Flacce, nunc erit beatior,
    Qui mole curarum procul
Paterna liquit rura, litigantium
    Solutus omni iurgio;
Nec solis aestum frugibus timet suis,
    Nec sidus hiberni Iovis,
Rixasque vitat, et scelesta curiae
    Rapacioris limina.
Ergo aut profanis hactenus negotiis
    Amissa plorat sidera;
Aut in reducta sede dispersum gregem
    Errantis animi colligit,
Postquam beatae lucra conscientiae
    Quadrante libravit suo.
Idem, propinqua nocte, stellatas vigil
    Cum vesper accendit faces,
Ut gaudet immortale mirari iubar,
    Terraque maiores globos,
Et per cadentes intueri lacrymas
    Rimosa lucis atria,
Quae Christe tecum, virgo quae tecum colat
    Perennis heres saeculi!
Volvuntur aureis interim stellae rotis,
    Pigrumque linquunt exulem,
Per ora cuius uberes eunt aquae,
    Somnos quod avertat graves.
At quando lotum Gangis aut Indi fretis
    Iam Phoebus attollit caput,
Mentis profundus, et sui totus minor
    Irata flectit numina:
Vel cum sereno fulserit dies Iove,
    Aprilibusque feriis,
Assueta caelo lumina in terras vocat
    Lateque prospectum iacit,
Camposque lustrat, et relucentem sua
    Miratur in scena Deum.
'En omnis' inquit, 'herba non morantibus
    In astra luctatur comis:
Semota caelo lacrymantur, et piis
    Liquuntur arva fletibus;
Ligustra canis, et rosae rubentibus
    Repunt in auras bracchiis;
Astrisque panda nescio quid pallido
    Loquuntur ore lilia,
Et sero blandis ingemunt suspiriis,
    Et mane rorant lacrymis.
Egone solus, solus in terris piger
    Tenace figor pondere?'
Sic et propinquas allocutus arbores,
    Et multa coram fontibus
Rivisque fatus, quaerit Auctorem Deum
    Formosa per vestigia.
Quod si levandas mentis in curas vigil
    Ruris suburbani domus,
Quales Lucisci, vel Nemecini Lares,
    Udumve Besdani nemus
Rudes adornet rustica mensas dape
    Siccos sub Augusti dies;
Iam tunc sub ipsum limen, aut domestica
    Lenis sub umbra populi,
Expectat omnis hospitem suum penus,
    Et concha sinceri salis,
Pressique meta lactis, et purus calix,
    Et hospitalis amphora,
Et fraga, raris verna quae dumis legit,
    Iucunda panis praemia.
Non me scari tunc, non Lucrinorum gravis
    Sagina mulorum iuvet:
Sed cereus palumbus, aut turtur niger,
    Aut anser amnis accola,
Et eruditam quae fugit gulam faba,
    Laetumque nec simplex olus,
Et quae suprema colligitur, ac gravi
    Patella nil debet foro.
Post haec vel inter laeta quercetis iuga,
    Vel inter amnes iuverit
Vitare tristes post meridiem Notos
     Sub aesculo vel ilice;
Nigrumque litus, aut opaca lubricis
    Tranare stagna lintribus,
Iactaque fruge ludibundum ducere
    Tremente piscem linea.
Remugit ingens interim tauris nemus,
    Umbrosa balant flumina;
Et aut in antris garriunt acanthides,
    Aut in rubis luscinia.
Hinc per rubeta pastor errantes capras
    Vocante cogit fistula:
Illinc herili messor e campo redux
    Alterna plaudit carmina;
Et pressa sectos plaustra per sulcos gemunt
    Ruptura ruris horrea.
At nec tacemus pone confidentium
    Dulcis manus sodalium;
Nec infaceta sermo differtur mora,
    Sed innocentibus iocis,
Multoque tinctus, sed verecundo sale,
    Innoxium trahit diem.
Haec si videret faenerator Alphius,
    Olim futurus rusticus,
Quam collocarat Idibus pecuniam,
    Nollet Kalendis ponere.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE IV. De Puero Jesu In Virginis Matris sinu.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Amemus. An Massylus, aut nostris riget
      Alpinus in venis silex?
Amemus. En, ut pronus e Matris sinu
      In nostra pendet oscula;
Qualis severa vel Gelonorum puer
      Mollire posset pectora!
Ut lumen oris, ut renidentes genas,
      Ut bina frontis sidera,
Nivesque colli, quasque purus et tener
      Titan inauravit comas,
Eburneasque tendit in collum manus!
      Ut annuit totus rapi!
Ut hospitali vagit admitti sinu,
      Stringique brachiis rogat!
Amemus: aut si non amare possumus,
      Repente possimus mori.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE V. ==
===Ad pedes Christi in cruce morientis auctor provulutus.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Hinc ut recedam, non trucis ferri minae
      Non nudus ensium timor,
Umquam revellent a tua, Jesu, cruce
      Hoc multa fleturum caput.
Me teque tellus inter et coelum ruat,
      Versique tempestas maris,
Mixtusque flammis nimbus, et ter igneis
      Caducus aer imbribus:
Jacebo fixum pondus, et certum mori,
      Suique non usquam ferens;
Tuosque clavos et tuas amantibus
      Ligabo plantas brachiis.
At tu sereno, nam potes, vultu tuum
      Tuere, Jesu, supplicem:
Et hoc, Patri quem reddis, haud evanido
      Me stringe paullum spiritu.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE VI. Carmen saeculare==
===Divinae Sapientiae, anno saeculari MDCXX V. cum Urbanus VIII. Pont. Max. portam auream aperiret. In gratiam Pauli Frigerii Pomani, publice de philosophia disputaturi.===

&lt;poem&gt;
Diva, terrarum pelagique praeses,
Dicta sublustres habitare nubes
Inter, et late cohibere pictis
   Sidere fraenis,
 
Patris aeternas imitata flammas,
Pura sinceri soboles sereni,
Mentis arcanum jubar, et coruscae
   Filia lucis,
 
Par Patri Natum sine matre Numen,
Candor adspecti sine nube Veri,
Ingeni proles, genialis almi
   Pectoris ardor,
 
O sacer mundi lepor! o decorae
Fabra naturae facies! paternae
Mentis exemplum, liquidi serenus
   Luminis imber,
 
Patris interpres, similisque voci
Nata foecundo Genitoris ore,
Vena virtutum, generosa pulchri
   Mater honesti,
 
Ante formosi vaga regna coeli
Prima natales habuisse cunas,
Ante vagitus et anhela parvi
   Murmura ponti;
 
Ante quam Phoebi celerisque Lunae
Vesper alternos revocaret ortus,
Ante quam montes et opaca staret
   Montibus arbor;
 
Ante quam Tellus et aquosa Tethys
Regna dissepta sociaret unda,
Et cavas circum sonuere fluctu
   Littora cautes;
 
Caelibi Patris generata partu,
Caelibi Patris generanda partu,
Lumen, et verum semel elocuti
   Copia Veri;
 
Tu quater nexis elementa nodis
Molliter firmas, et iniqua magnae
Bella naturae premis, et quaternae
   Jurgia causae.
 
Tu tuos causis imitata vultus
Dividis toto simulacra mundo,
Numinis formam studiosa vili ef-
   fingere limo.
 
Cum Pater sacro redimiret igni
Siderum crines, tenerumque solem,
Et rudes lunae radios honesto
   Comeret auro;
 
Pondus et leges faciemque rebus
Ipsa fingebas: variaeque rerum
Te penes normae numerique et ars et
   Lucidus ordo.
 
Tu vagas zona cohibente stellas
Ausa nascentem religare Phoebum,
Ausa nascentem nebularum amictu in-
   volvere terram.
 
Cresce, dicebas, spatiosa cresce,
Fertilis frugum pecorisque, tellus:
Hinc jugis, illinc medii dehiscant
   Vallibus agri.
 
Cresce, dicebas: simul ipsa mersum
Erigit ponto caput, et refusis
Hinc aquis, illinc steterunt oborti
   Collibus agri.
 
Quae simul multa tibi risit herba,
Laetior celsas reparare sedes,
Arduum molita tholum volantis
   Nube columnae,
 
Diceris vastos equitasse supra
Nerei campos celer, et curules
Africi pennas super, et jugalis
   Terga Favoni:
 
Rursus obliquo redeunte gyro
Isse per fluctus, tibi navis ipsa;
Isse per campos, tibi currus, aptis
   Ipsa quadrigis:
 
Docta sublimes peragrare tractus,
Docta terrestres reserare vectes,
Orbis obscoenum chaos, et latentis
   Ultima mundi.
 
Clara te lunae stupuere templa
Sospitem flammis iterare plantam,
Inter et nimbos et acuta sicci
   Regna Promethei.
 
Ad tuos lenis venit aura frenos:
Hinc et hinc ignes, patiensque lori
Pontus, et tractas sine fraude tellus
   Audit habenas.
 
Te dies et nox et hiems et aestas,
Ver et autumnus, properique menses,
Et leves horae, rapidoque cingunt
   Saecula passu.
 
Te vehit claro Cynosura plaustro,
Te nec irata mare sistit unda, aut
Pertinax Euri furor, aut ineluc-
   tabilis Austri:
 
Nec minax Cauri Zephyrique frater,
Cum truces iram struit inter imbres,
Aut freto pulsum Boream vadosa op-
   pugnat arena.
 
Te renascentis videt ora Phoebi,
Quae vel excusso glomerata fluctu
Lora, vel currum pelago cadentem
   Audit Ibero;
 
Quaeque devexo tegit astra uimbo,
Quaeque sublimis speculatur Ursae
Hispidas arces, et inhospitalis
   Frigora brumae.
 
Jamque mortales simulata cultus
Inter humanas manifesta turmas,
Barbaram gaudes lepido catervam
   Ducere ludo:
 
Inter et coetus solidamque plebem
Libero gestis volitare gressu, et
Ire per vicos, populique densas
   Ire per urbes:
 
Utilis morum, placideque fortis
Certa permissi dare ju ra Kecti, et
Siderum solers, patrioque mentem
   Dedita coelo.
 
Qualis umbrosa Libanitis aura
Cedrus, aut laeto cyparissus amni,
Qualis attollit caput e Cadanis
   Silva viretis;
 
Qualis Eois rosa regnat hortis,
Aut Idumaeis opulenta baccis
Palma, quam praeterfugientis humor
   Educat undae:
 
Vere tu vincis veniente flores:
Vincis autumno remeante vites:
Vincis et succos et odora Medi
   Vulnera trunci:
 
Myrrheas vincis lacrimas, et udos
Balsami rores, et inevolutos
Cinnami libros, volucremque sicci
   Corticis auram.
 
Pampinus multa tibi cedit uva:
Cedit effusis terebinthus umbris,
Ver et autumnus simul os decoris
   Extulit arvis.
 
Sceptra te circum trabeaeque et altae
Turba fortunae, famulique retro
Nimbus argenti fluit et frementmn
   Vulgus honorum.
 
Prona te longe coluere regna,
Et per insignes gradientem et imos,
Et minas regum super, ac tyrannorum
   Ardua collo, et
 
Pauperum coetus humerosque vulgi
Ire sublimem. Tibi laetus Afer,
Et pedum Maurus minor, et supinis
   Sarmata palmis
 
Scuta deponunt. Tibi China nuper,
China non notae dominator actae,
Et ferox Japon, et Arabs Latinis
   Accidit aris.
 
Commodet raucus tibi sistra Nilus:
Te sonet pulsis Arimaspus armis:
Te Lyci potor, vitreique dicat
   Civis Enipei.
 
Prodigus laudes tibi fundat Ister
Ostiis septem; tibi manet ingens
Tibris, immensaque vehat sonorum
   Mole tributum.
 
Tuque neglectas miserata gentes.
Nuper, heu! foedis male pulsa rixis,
Cassa bellorum refer, lieu! pudendis
   Otia terris:
 
Si tuam votis veneramur urbem
Omnis Europe, Latiumque supplex
Prona certatim tulimus quaternis
   Oscula portis.
 
Pelle vesanas, Dea, pelle caedes,
Quaeque vicinis agitata pugnis
Bella duravere sonora crudo
   Saecula ferro.
 
Neu nimis nostris inimica culpis
Oderis cerni: dominamque Romam
Nubium curru super et nivosis
   Vise quadrigis.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE VII. Aquilae Radiviliae Nuptialis Pompa.==
===Ad Praesulem Vilnensem Dithyrambus.===
&lt;poem&gt;
      Surge, Musa, nuptiales
      Aemulata voce plausus,
      Per feracis arva Vilnae
      Quaere flores, carpe frondes:
      Carminumque mille foeta
Vere pulchro cinge, pulchro rore sparge tempora.
 
      Parce nunc Horatiano
      Alligare verba nodo:
      Parce. Molliora blandi
      Quaere plectra Claudiani:
      Mitte bella, differ arma,
Hospitisque dithyrambi voce Vilnam persona.
 
      Radivilae stemma cerae,
      Alitem Jovis ministrum,
      Qui per auras, qui per ignes,
      Mille gyros, mille tractus
      Remiges fatigat alas,
Barbitique carminumque voce, coelo devoca.
 
      Ales armiger Tonantis,
      Blande fulminum satelles,
      Mitis ignium tyranne,
      Nubiumque turbinumque
      Linque serus officinas,
Carpe frondes, et paterno sterne nidum stemmati.
 
      Carpe flores, quos maritis
      Parturivit Alba campis:
      Carpe frondes, (pias paterni
      Educavit unda Chroni:
      Quae vel adbibere Vilnam,
Vel propinqui lene murmur audiere Viliae.
 
      It volantis aura prati,
      Nexilis florum procella
      Pingit Euros, et remixti
      Liliis pluunt acanthi:
      Ludibundi veris imber
Spargit arva, spargit urbes, tecta spargit urbium.
 
      Ille nubium viator
      Pulcher ales, ut virentem
      Nube dividit pruinam!
      Proque grandinum molesto
      Dejicit ligustra nimbo,
Et roseta pro rubenti rubra jactat fulmine.
 
      Jactat herbas, quas jocantis
      Ludit inter ira venti,
      Quas adhuc severiore
      Ore bruma non momordit,
      Sed Favonius tepenti
Fovit ore, fovit udis Aeolus suspiriis.
 
      Ite, bella, quae cruentis
      Ira colligat catenis,
      Perque viva regna Florae
      Nuptialis insolenti
      Vere frondeat November,
Qua maritus alba calcat, qua marita lilia.
 
      Aestuantis arva ponti
      Vexet innocenter Eurus:
      Ad fugacis agmen undae
      Ter quater reverberatis
      Aura rideat cachinnis,
Ludicri fluenta perflent sibilis Etesiae.
 
      Magne Praesul, quae profano
      Ominamur ore vates
      Auspicata verba, sacro
      Omineris ore Praesul,
      Littavae sidus coronae,
Littavi lumen senatus, sol Wollowiciadum.
 
      Sit perennis ille torrens
      Illa vena jugis auri,
      Eloquentis ille linguae
      Amnis irriget senatum:
      Architecta gratiarum
Illa longum verba pronis imperent Quiritibus.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE VIII. Publicae Europae calamitates.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Nec satis est, nos posse mori, cum fata reposcunt,
      Aguntque morbi lucis et vitae reos.
Ipsi etiam exiguum bellis commisimus aevum,
      Omnesque ferro rupimus leti moras:
Ipsi ultro in strictos adversi incurrimus enses,
      Et mutuum cadendo laudamus nefas.
Jamque adeo pulchrae populos rapit ambitus irae,
      Urbesque longa pace defungi pudet.
Regna placet gentesque suae miscere ruinae,
      Fractique subter orbis occasu mori.
Jam Rhodanusque Padusque atque ingens Albis, et
      Rhenus cruenta decolor ripa fluit. [ingens
Jam tria lustra metunt rubras de sanguine fruges;
      Nec dira avaram terruit falcem Ceres.
Nec minus incertos metimus sine finibus agros,
      Et muta stricto jura sub ferro silent.
Interea miserum gladiis divisimus orbem;
      Et cum triumphis caussa vel praedae deest.
Barbara longinquum post aequora quaerimus hostem,
      Mundusque reges inter incertos labat.
Scimus et occulto pacem praetexere bello,
      Dum victa fessis arma respirant minis:
Ingeniumque jocis, risu corrumpimus iram,
      Felixque tractat arma virtutis dolus.
Hoc etiam placuit, stricto satis esse negare
      Perire ferro, ni parum crudelibus
Addimus ingenium fatis, habilique veneno
      In nos cruentam mortis armamus manum,
Ergo iterum (pro, triste nefas! pro, dedecus, et jam
      In se cadentis ultimum mundi scelus!)
Fraude mala parvi spatium contraximus aevi,
      Per lieu! tacenda pulverum contagia.
At melius (si tanta brevis fastidia vitae
      Et una leti cura mortales liabet)
Omnia terrarum, Superi, convellite claustra,
      Omnesque dissipate littorum moras.
In nos rupta ruant fundo maria omnia ab imo:
      Trisulcus in nos ignea missus manu,
Qua scelerum duxere viae, ruat ignis: et una
      Hinc se Sicano Balthis impingat mari:
Inde Caledoniam sese committat Ibero,
      Euxinus illinc Adriae jungat latus.
Haemus et ignotae lateant sub ductibus Alpes;
      Maeotis altum mergat Atlantis caput.
Omnia sint unus magnarum campus aquarum,
      Nullique latam limites signent humum.
Et maria et magni perdant sua nomina montes,
      Dum mergat omne Thetys humanum genus.
At, Superi, (nam vos et tunc mortalia tangent,
      Perire nostrum saepe non passos genus)
Tunc aliqua de gente pium servate nepotem,
      (Sed ille gentis nesciat mores suae,)
Deucalioneis iterum qui credulus undis
      Ingens in una saeculum servet trabe.
Nam simul agglomerans sese super Amphitrite
      Humana terris eluet vestigia,
Jam parcente Deo, jam subsidentibus Euris,
      Jam se refuso temperante Nereo,
Incipient summi paullatim emergere montes,
      Rarosque primum margines aequor pati:
Ilicet ex omni rupes assurgere ponto,
      Terrasque circum curva lunari freta:
Tunc, vagus oblitos ubi sol respexerit agros,
      Novis aprica floribus pingi juga:
Tunc rarae circum campis nutare cupressi,
      Tunc omne laeta fronde vestiri nemus:
Jamque suas inter decurrere flumina valles,
      Et arva puris murmurare fontibus.
Protinus ex una redeuntia saecula puppi
      Late patentes orbis implebunt plagas;
Et virides ripas ac molle sedentia late
      Ramalibus vireta distinguent casis.
Sed tellus communis erit: sed nullus avaris
      Stabit colonis arbiter fundi lapis.
In commune fluent sancti sine nomine fontes,
      Nascentur omni liberae fruges agro.
Tunc bona prospicient purgatas sidera terras,
      Tunc aegra nullo sole pallebit Ceres.
Non Aquilo graciles, non eruet Eurus aristas;
      Sed innocentes et calore languidi
Mulcebunt violas, mulcebunt lilia soles;
      Omnique lenis annuet vento seges.
Vina fluent vulgo rivis, felicia vulgo
      Per rura current lacteo fontes pede.
Sponte sua dulces salient in pocula lymplie,
      Sincerus et saevire nescius liquor.
Ergo sua quivis luxum uon noscere mensa,
      Suoque dives esse nec magno sciet.
Nam neque marmoreas ingentia tecta columnas,
      Nec aereas delubra lassabunt trabes.
Frondibus implicitae texent palatia silvae,
      Aramque Divis cespes aut saxum dabit.
Sed pietas tunc major erit, cum testibus astris
      Insons sub alto turba degemus Jove.
Aurea tunc vestis, sanctum texisse pudorem,
      Tunc mollis ostro mensa muscosus lapis.
Nectar erunt haustae puris ex amnibus undae,
      Lectaeque ramis aut humo dapes erunt.
Potus erit, vicisse sitim; spectacula, coram
      Miscere sanctos simplici risu sales;
Mox choreae, mox jucundi per gramina ludi,
      Et laetus ac securus in turba pudor.
Apta dabunt fessis virides umbracula rami,
      Herbosa molles ripa praebebit toros.
Non impendebunt placidis laquearia somnis,
      Sed alta mundi signa labentur super.
Et vaga praebebunt pictae spectacula noctes,
      Velox euntis scena dum transit poli.
Interea tacitam non rumpent arma quietem,
      Raucique pulsus aeris, aut murmur tubae.
Non dubias navale nemus descendet in undas:
      Non ulla puppes bella trans pontum vehent.
Omnia pacis erunt: totum venatio ferrum,
      Et innocens telluris insumet labor.
Et ne belligeris iterum grave caedibus aurum
      Laboriosus eruat lucri furor;
Ipsa sibi incumbens concussi pondere mundi
      Condet profanas altior tellus opes.
Quo me dulcis agit longo dementia cantu?
      An et poetas sseculi rapit furor?
Et nihil, aut tantum everso promittere saeclo
      Acerba fati vis et irarum sinit?
An lacrimas longo flendi corrupimus usu,
      Et stultus ipsis ridet in malis dolor?
Quidquid id est, tamen arma pii deponite reges
      Nudate primi publicum ferro latus.
Primi animos, primi socias conjugite dextras;
      Et vester omnes alliget gentes amor.
Pugna sit haec tantum, junctos concordibus aris
      Quis sanctiore Coelites voto colat;
Quis melius priscas componat legibus urbes,
      Quis aequiore temperet sceptrum manu:
Cujus pulsa prius populos Astraea revisat,
      Tutoque pulset veritas aulam pede.
Non placeat virtus pretio, non curia censu,
      Non infideli septa majestas metu.
Jura voluptati sanctum praescribat Honestum,
      Piasque leges utili Justum ferat.
Sic, olim quod Musa gravis promisit Horati,
      Praestabit aevum certior regum fides.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE IX. Ad Janussium Skumin Tyszkiewicz Palatinum Trorensem. Capitaneum Tuvborgensem, Novonolensem, Braslaviensem, etc.==
===QUATUOR LEUCAE VIRGINIS MATRIS &lt;br&gt;seu publica ac solemnis ad aedem Divae Virginis Matris Trocensem processio.===
===''Prima leuca seu Ponari''.===
&lt;poem&gt;

Imus? an frustra fugiente bruma
Omnis Aprili via risit herba,
Et cavae valles viridique lucent
   Arva sereno?
 
Imus. Inscriptae sinuosa Divae
Signa jam lenes rapuere venti;
Ni vetent rumpi, revocentque tensi
   Serica funes.
 
Interim pictis taciturna nusquam
Pompa sub signis fluat. Illa magni
Te maris Stellam, dubiisque, Virgo,
   Sidus in undis,
 
Illa nil sancti dubiam pudoris
Te canat Matrem, facilemque clausi
Aetheris portam. Tibi praepes alti
   Civis Olympi
 
Hinc et hinc pressis reverenter alis
Attulit pacem. Tibi magna pacem
Debeat tellus, melior reversi
   Nominis Eva.
 
Tu graves demes populo catenas:
Tu diem pulsis revocabis umbris:
Tu bonis pelles mala, laeta moestis
   Fata reduces.
 
Esse te magni populus sciemus
Numinis matrem, modo missa per te
Vota non umquam Deus obstinata
   Respuat aure.
 
Mitis, et blanda prece singularis
Virgo placari, scelerum solutos
Et bonos flecti, vacuosque noxae
   Suggere sensus.
 
Integram nobis sine labe vitam,
Prosperam nobis sine clade mortem,
Et sacros Nati Genitrix tueri
   Annue vultus.
 
Haec ter alterno modulata cantu
Turba, carpemus viridis Ponari
Roscidas valles, et amoena praeter
   Arva vehemur.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE X. ''Secunda leuca seu Vaca''.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Protinus, Virgo, tibi longa laudum
Pompa ducetur, ubi se recurvo
Collium flexu viridis reducit
   Scena tbeatri.
 
Audient magnae titulos Parentis
Pinei montes, Viliamque circum
Ter repercussae recinet Mariam
   Vocis imago.
 
Audient colles, et opaca longe
Colla submittent, trepidaeque circum
Attrement pinus, humilique supplex
   Populus umbra.
 
Sed prius magnum triplici Tonantem
Voce placamus: placidumque Christi
Pectus, et nostris vacuam querelis
   Flectimus aurem.
 
Inde ter, sancto redeunte cantu,
Sancta clamaris: nemorumque rursus
Murmur et fractae referet Mariam
   Vocis imago.
 
Te sua gestit Genitrice Numen,
Virginum Virgo: genitrice gestit,
Quisquis optata tibi cumque carus
   Vescitur aura.
 
Casta tu pulchri Genitrix amoris,
Tu spei Mater: tibi pictus almi
Campus Edeni, facilisque vitae
   Germinat arbor.
 
Tu domus Veri: tibi certus uni
Aureas aether deserare valvas
Gaudet: aeterni geminant tibi sus-
   piria colles.
 
O potens olim profugos tueri
Civitas sontes! decus o Sionis!
O Dei praesens domus! o reposti
   Foederis arca!
 
Sive tu purum sine fraude vitrum
Consulis formae, reticisque vultus;
Blanda seu tristes imitaris inter
   Lilia spinas;
 
Sive praesago Gedeonis arvo
Vellus haud ullo temeraris imbri,
Uda cum circum madido laboret
   Area coelo:
 
Seu negas circum crepitante flamma
Pulcher exuri rubes, et peventes
Increpas ramos, foliisque laeto
   Ludis in igni.
 
Inde Jessaei solium nepotis,
Virgo, se toto tibi sternit auro:
Hinc tibi surgit superas eburna
   Turris ad auras.
 
Te suas, Virgo, simulant refusa
Mella per cellas; et amoena serum
Bura, quae muris gelidique claudunt
   Fontibus horti.
 
Hic tibi surdas fuga lenis Euri
Excitat frondes, ubi purus undae
Humor occulta nemorum volutus
   Murmurat umbra.
 
Hic cadens laevi tibi lympha lapsu
Praefluit valles, et aperta prata
Inter, impellit violas perenni
   Aura cachinno.
 
Tot tibi, Virgo, bona liberali
Defluunt coelo: tibi tanta terris
Labitur semper renuente sisti
   Gratia rivo.
 
Tu polo missas pia cymba fruges
Acta longinquo vehis institori:
Tu diem ducis, placidoque mane
   Lumine rides;
 
Qualis Eoos ubi tollit undis
Lucifer currus, roseisque loris
Undat, errantes per aquosa ludunt
   Caerula flammae:
 
Qualis aut Phoebe radiante plenum
Lucet argento; mare qualis intrat,
Aut mari surgit rutilus diurno
   Phoebus in auro;
 
Quale, dum puro taciturna coelo
Siderum se fert acies, per omnes
Ignium rimas nitidi renident
   Atria coeli.
 
Quod tibi nomen, pia Virgo, summa
Voce dicemus? solium superni
Audies Regis radiare magno
   Majus Olympo.
 
Quidquid es, quidquid bona Mater esse
Et cani gaudes, manibus remulce,
Quem manu gestas, Puerumque nobis
   Flecte Tonantem.
 
Nos tua tutos prece servet Infaus,
Si tibi primae geniale noxae
Crimen exemit, placidocpie jussit
   Sidere nasci:
 
Si tulit vero puer ales ore,
Te nurum coeli fore: si pudici
Nil minor floris genitrix severa
   Lege piaris:
 
Si nihil terris gelidive debes
Legibus leti, choreasque Divum
Inter et plausus repetis sequaci
   Astra triumpho.
 
Ille, qui leni pede pulsat altos
Siderum campos, viridesque stellas,
Lucis intensum jubar inter, inter
   Lilia ludit,
 
Agnus; heu, nostris onerata culpis
Colla reflectat, leviterque moto
Ad preces cornu, misero quietem
   Annuat orbi.
 
Haec ter effati, pia signa campis
State, dicemus: pia signa campis
Protinus stabunt, gelidi secundum
   Flumina Vacae.
 
Signa clementi rapit aura flatu,
Nos labor curtae dapis. Ille mensam
Textili lino super, hic virenti
   Cespite ponit.
 
Promitur simplex penus, et supino
Concha sinceri salis e canistro:
Faginus juxta scyphus, innocentis
   Arma Lyaei.
 
Sunt et, autiquo quibus herba circum-
Fulget argento, positosque Vaca
Pone crateras fugiente praeter
   Frigerat unda.
 
Hinc dapes, illinc cyathos coronant
Sutiles herbae: mihi solis aestum
Eximet parce cichorea sparso
   Mitis olivo.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE XI. ''Tertia leuca seu Vicus Galli''.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Jam vetat lentas properata mensas
Hora. Surgamus: rupido ruit declivis
e coelo, geminatque pronus,
   Surgite, vesper.
 
Surgimus. Rursum tibi, Virgo, campis
Signa velluntur: tremebunda limbis
Aura colludit, gracilisque tensas
   Diripit Auster.
 
Tum quibus parca dape non dolendae
Vocis accessit bona pars: O alma
Numinis, salve, Genitrix, fidelis
   Turba canemus.
 
Dum suas debet lapidosa Vace
Viliae lymphas; tibi, magna, laudes,
Mater, et plausus, et utraque debet
   Carmina ripa.
 
Illa quae circum geminis Getarum
Rura sederunt opulenta clivis,
Sunt tibi bello monumenta parti,
   Diva, triumphi.
 
Qua lyra, vel quo satis ore dicam
Isse captivos Litalis Gelonos,
Inclitum praedae decus, et tropaeum
   Nobilis irae?
 
Cum ferox belli, duce te, Vitoldus
Bis ter exegit gladium per omnem
Victor Auroram, tumidique fregit
   Cornua ponti.
 
Quantus ingentem clypei sub umbra
Texit Europen, Asiaeque qua secumque
tempestas daret, atque ab omni
   funderet Istro!
 
Rectus Eoam stetit in procellam,
Qualis armatas hiemes et omnem
Sustinet Calpe Thetin, atque inexpu-
   gnabilis obstat.
 
Quantus hinc lato metuendus atque hinc
Limitem ferro secat, et decora
Caede formosus, mediaque laudum
   Pulcher in ira
 
Ardet! hibernos velut inter imbres
Ardet Orion, ubi traxit omni
Astra vagina, rutilusque stricto
   Fulminat igni.
 
Ille seu pictis equitata Bessis
Arva permensus, gelidumque Volgam;
Sive Pellaeas bibit insolentem
   Phasin ad aras:
 
Barbaros templis tibi victor arcus,
Virgo, supendit; Scythicosque cinctus,
Et tibi sacro elypeorum acervos
   Ussit in igni.
 
Alta scit Taphri domus, et potentis
Sarbaci versae meminere turres,
Rupta cum Thracum quateret tremendo
   Castra tumultu.
 
Ille dum denso jaculorum in imbri
Hinc Dabas, illinc agere Gelonos,
Ipsa nimborum cuneis et omni accincta
   tonitru,
 
Turbido late manifesta coelo, et
Ter quater tortas jaculata flammas,
Ignium curru super et rubenti
   Nube tonabas.
 
Sensit Euxini tremuitque laevum
Littus, et motae crepuere rupes,
Ter quater nigram retegente saeva
   Luce Maeotim.
 
Sensit, atque ipsos Tanais pavens refugit
in fontes: dubitante ripa
Substitit paullum, trepidoque Phasis
   Palluit auro.
 
Sic ames nostris, bona Virgo, saepe
Hostibus nosci: tibi sic per omnes
Viliae ripas Litali reponant
   Signa nepotes.
 
Sic ab extremo tibi victor Occa
Arma de victis referat Suanis,
Et novas solvat nova vota Ladis-
   laus ad aras.
 
Haec et alternis geminata votis
Plura dum sicco canimus sub aestu,
Obvium fessos nemus hospitali
   Excipit umbra.
 
Ludor? an mollem foliorum ad auram
Lene vocales modulantur alni,
Et leves lymphae trepidique grato
   Murmure rivi?
 
Ipsa te, Virgo, sonat alnus: ipsa
In tuas vivax salit unda laudes:
Audit et longe tua discit ipse
   Nomina lucus.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XII. ''Quarta leuca seu Troci''.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Ultimus restat labor, altiores
Ire per lucos, et aprica circum
Stagna lunari, tumulosque lento
   Vincere cantu.
 
Hic tibi, casto Salomonis ore
Dictus ad sanctas hymenaeus olim
Nuptias, mutum nemus et silentes
   Perstrepet alnos.
 
Quod tuis, Virgo, bene dormit ulnis,
Sola sopitum potes osculari
Numen, et flammas animaeque sanctum
   Sugere florem.
 
Sola fragranti melius Falerno
Uber adstringis, quoties ab imo
Corde spiravit genialis intimae
   Halitus aurae.
 
Mille Phaeacum, Cilieumque mille,
Nympha, te circum volitant odores:
Blandus hic costi liquor, inde pinguis
   Sudat amomi.
 
Sola te mulcet tamen aura, si quae
Dulce spirantis venit ore Nati,
Cujus illimi tibi lene nomen
   Manat olivo.
 
Sive Bacchei tibi forte succi
Regis arcanae patuere cellae,
Regis arcano meliora ducis
   Ubera vino.
 
Sive diffusis oluere nardis
Regis instructae tibi, Nympha, mensae
Regis optatos tibi nardus una
   Spirat odores.
 
Si Palaestino metis in vireto
Myrrheos flores: tua solus ille
Nexilis myrrhae religatur inter
   Ubera nodus.
 
Si tibi dulces amor est racemos
Pingue gemmanti resecare Cypro;
Unus e multis tibi ridet ille,
   Virgo, racemus.
 
Solis aestivos licet inter ignes
Hinc et hinc latis spatiosa ramis
Pinus, et prona tibi se reclinet
   Frondibus ilex;
 
Sola te mulcet tamen aestuantem,
Si qua frondosa cadit umbra malo,
Cujus, ah, dura tibi Natus olim
   Fronde pependit.
 
Plura dicturis procul e Trocanis
Arcibus turres plaeitusque dudum
Virgini collis, mediaque templum ap-
   paret in urbe.
 
Protinus votis genibusque supplex
Sternimur vulgus, quater, alma, salve,
Virgo, dicturi: quater illa motis
   Annuet aris.
 
Virgines jam tum puerique Divae
Supplici frontem redimite cera, et
Virginem grata Puerumque laudis
   Dicite rixa.
 
VIRGINES.
Caeteris ornant moritura frontem
Serta: te, Virgo, moriente numquam
Flore Carmelus tegit et perenni
   Fronde coronat.
 
PUERI.
Caeteri frontem metuente demi
Implicant auro: tibi concolori
Luce nativum capitis, Iesu,
   Fulgurat aurum.
 
VIRGINES.
Qui tibi, Virgo, per eburna vidit
Colla diffusos sine lege crines,
Regiam tingi trabeam rubenti
   Vidit abeno.
 
PUERI.
Qui tibi vidit niveis, Iesu,
Hinc et bine sparsos humeris capillos,
Vidit elatas tumulis Idumes
   Surgere palmas.
 
VIRGINES.
Quale ridenti radiant sereno
Semper illimes Hesebonis undae,
Tale connives oculis jocanti,
   Diva, Puello.
 
PUERI.
Lacte perfusae veluti columbae
Vitreas semper speculantur undas,
Sic in intacta retines, Iesu,
   Lumina Matre.
 
VIRGINES.
Cui genas, vel cui similes canemus
Virginis vultus? Similes canemus
Punico, cum per sua lucet ultro
   Fragmina, malo.
 
PUERI.
Cui genas, vel cui similes canemus
Parvuli vultus? Similes canemus
Areis, quas sol variaeque scribunt
   Floribus Horae.
 
VIRGINES.
Atticos longe redolere succos
Dicimus, Virgo, quoties diserta
Lene ridenti tibi mella manant,
   Lene loquenti.
 
PUERI.
Lilium, Jesu, niveis hiare
Dicimus labris, quoties odora
Dulce ridenti tibi myrrha spirat,
   Dulce loquenti.
 
VIRGINES.
Mille quod telis clypeisque tecta
Turris adverso micat icta soli,
Matris adverso micuere longe
   Colla Puello.
 
PUERI.
Quod Therapnaei breve ver Hymetti,
Quod Palaestini sapiunt liquores,
Matris e collo sapiunt reclinis
   Colla Puelli.
 
VIRGINES.
Quo tibi, Virgo, maduere succo
Virgines palmae? maduere succo,
Qualis in siccas lacrimante mvrrlia
   Liquitur herbas.
 
PUERI.
Quis tuis fulgens hyacinthus ardet,
O Puer, palmis? hyacinthus ardet,
Qualis aut sceptri sedet, aut coruscae
   Arce coronae.
 
VIRGINES.
Quae jugis Cretae viridisve Cypri
Tanta Lesbois fluit e racemis,
Quanta maternis tibi, Virgo, manat
   Copia mammis?
 
PUERI.
Quis vel Hyblaeas odor inter herbas
Tantus aspirat, Cilicumve rura,
Quantus aspirat tua dulcis inter
   Ubera, Jesu?
 
VIRGINES.
Zona, quae fluxam vetat ire pallam,
Flavet intexta tibi, Virgo, fruge,
Quam pudor circum niveoque stipant
   Lilia vallo.
 
PUERI.
Quae tibi cinctus revocat rejectae
Vestis, arcanis vigil est eburna
Zona sapphiris, tacitoquo pectus
   Circuit igni.
 
VIRGINES.
Cum, levi plantas cohibente socco,
Virgo stellantem graditur per aulam,
Aeream credas aciem canoro
   Ire triumpho.
 
PUERI.
Crura cum picto religavit ostro,
Et stetit celso Puer ore, credas
Pone suffixo geminas in auro
   Stare columnas.
&lt;poem&gt;
==ODE XIII. Ad Divam Virginem Claromontanam.==
===Pro illustrissimo Stanislao Lubieński, Episcopo Plocensi, votum.==
&lt;poem&gt;
O Diva, clari gloria verticis,
Cui dedicatis effigies nitet
   Circum tabellis, et superba
      Thure calent precibusque templa;
 
Paullum reducto Masoviam, bona,
Dignare vultu, qua vehit inclitis
   Electra ripis, et refuso
      Narvia luxuriatur amni.
 
Late potentem Lubieni diu
Serva tiaram, seu tibi Plociis
   Affusus aris mille sacros
      Asserit indigetatque mystas;
 
Seu literato plurimus otio
Musisque pallet: seu petit avii
   Amoena Viscovi vireta, aut
      Plutopolin viridemque Brocum.
 
Serves egenti Nestora Lechiae, et
Tnter togatas canitiem sine
   Virere curas. Non tepentis
      Non gelidi grave tempus anni,
 
Non siccus illum Sirius aut madens
Orion afflet; dumque tuo pius
   Se ponit in vultu, salubrem,
      Virgo, tui trahat oris auram.
 
Sic ille, sacris pulcher in infulis,
Te saepe placet: sic ego te novis
   Redorsus exornem Camoenis,
      Dum celeris redit orbis anni.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XIV. Inclitae Lubieniorum nobilitati sacrum.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Quondam revinctus Palladia caput
Sacrum corona, carus Iasoni
   Vates, inexperto chelydri
      Mortiferi periturus ore,
 
Inter Pelasgos Ampycides stetit:
Tiphynque, nondum gurgitis arbitrum,
   Jussit per obstantes procellas
      Fatidicam celerare pinum.
 
In transtra fratres Tyndaridae ruunt,
Fluctusque verrit grandior Hercules,
   Et Mercuri proles Echion
      Thessalicos glomerat rudentes:
 
Fratres tenaces Eurytus ancoras
Proramque servat, nec Boreae genus
   Alas reformidans paternas
      Vela manu revoluta pandit.
 
Omnes parentum nobilium decor,
Omnes deorum progenie sati,
   Incognitam Nymphis carinam
      Tandem avido posuere coelo.
 
Sic vos, aviti laurea verticis
Quos fronde prisca cingit imaginum,
   Lubinidae magni nepotes,
      Pieriam subiisse mecurn
 
Gaudete cymbam: protinus aviis
Sulcanda remis nubila; protinus
   Lunaeque stellarumque et altis
      Littora sunt subeunda velis.
 
Nam qualis Orpheus Argolicam polo
Fixit carinam: non aliter mea
   Vos inferet coelo Thalia,
      Pectine non facili canendos:
 
Seu bellicosam Martius indolem
Accendit ardor, signaque gentibus
   Erepta vicinis reportans
      Arma animis gerit, arma dextris:
 
Seu blanda tutis otia civibus
Conclusa Jani limina nuntiant,
   Fascesque victores clientum
      Grex olea viridante cingit.
 
Quod si recessus Pierii placent
Et non profanis cognita vatibus
   Cortina, felices labores
      Pegaseae venerantur undae,
 
Intaminatae quos sapientiae
De fonte promunt signa Lubiniis
   Notata ceris, omne dextro
      Surgit opus genio peractum.
 
Salvete, clarae sidera patriae,
Nostroque vecti per mare barbito,
   Cursu fatigatam carinam
      Stellifero sociate mundo.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XV. Laus Bugi.==
===In gratiam, illustrissimi Stanislai Zuiienski, Episcopi Plocensis.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Non me doloso Salmacis alveo,
Non mixta divis flumina Persicis,
   Non mersus Aetoli Thoantis
      Letiferis Achelous undis
 
Vocat canoro pectine Thracios
Laxare nervos: ponite murmura,
   Cyduique Pactolique, et alta
      Tibri pater metuende ripa.
 
Cantabo Bugum, qui neque Sirium
Latrare circum Viscovium sinit,
   Laevosque defendit vapores,
      Quos pluvio vehit Auster anno.
 
O Buge, sacris edite fontibus!
Quae me dearum Pieridum tuis
   Haurire de conchis liquorem
      Innocuae patiatur undae?
 
Quis pressa longo cornua me sinat
Levare musco? quis fluidos sinus
   Rivosque de mento cadentes
      Supposita retinere dextra?
 
O Buge, terso lucidior vitro!
Te nullus alta lapsus ab ilice
   Eamus, neque armenti petulci
      Ad niveas properantis undas
 
Perturbet error: non calido Notus
Te siccet aestu, non Borealibus
   Demissa tempestas ab oris,
      Sed tepidae leve murmur aurae
 
Perflet volentem: dum Cererem tamen
Domas rotarum mole volubili,
   Messesque Viscovi feracis
      Vorticibus teris aestuosis,
 
Jucundiori Pierias sono
Mulcebis aures. Nunc, age, Narviae
   Concorde lapsurus fluento et
      Masoviis refer ista Nymphis:
 
Si vera praesens vaticinantibus
Latous edit, credite, posteri!
   Non longa saeclorum catena
      Attonito dabit ore vatem,
 
Qui plena nostrae flumina gloriae
Feret per urbes: non humili lyra
   Cantuque vos olim sonabit,
      Et cithara generosiore.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XVI. Joanni Carolo Chodkiewicz Palatino Vilnensi, et Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae exercituum duci contra Turcas, Dei O. M. et B. Virginis Mariae auxilium spondet.==
&lt;poem&gt;
O qui labantis fata Poloniae
Rerumque frenos flectis, inhospitos
   Regni tumultus, et protervum
      Per populos equitare Martem,
 
Deliberato funere civium,
Gaudes tueri, nec lacrymantia
   Per templa, per Divum penates
      Perpetua prece supplicantem,
 
Ingurgitatam sanguine patriam,
Civesquc belli pulvere sordidos
   Paci redonas: quin, vocantis
      Justitiae scelerumque vindex,
 
Qua clusa surdis bella repagulis,
Coecisque vinctum carceribus metum
   Servas, inexpertamque sontes
      In populos meditare poenam,
 
Eliminato cardine funera
Dimittis in nos! Hinc fragor hostium,
   Hinc detonabundae cohortes
      Threiciis furiantur armis.
 
At o precantis magna Poloniae
Tutela, Virgo, pelle ruentium
   Turbam malorum: tu Tonantis
      Justitiae moderaris ignes;
 
Et saepe crudum fulmen ab ignea
Furare dextra, cui virides tamen
   Palmas triumphalesque laurus
      Pro rabido subjicis tonitru.
 
Sic te recenti Carolus hospitam
Invitat aula: dum procul insonat
   Emasculatorum refusa
      Diluvies Othomanidarum,
 
Atque in reclinis colla Poloniae
Ferruminatum stringit acinacem
   Acer Gelonus, praeses adsis
      Sarmaticis, pia Virgo, castris.
 
Dum mens honesti laeta periculi
Diffibulatum pectus aheneis
   Obvertet hastis, et patentes
      Missilibus jugulos sagittis,
 
Deproelianti robur, et hostica
Exulceratis caede phalangibus
   Vires ministra: quo secundis
      Carolus auspiciis cruentum
 
Perrumpat hostem, more tricuspidis
Flammae citatus, quem patriae celer
   Per fulminatrices catervas
      Mittet amor, per acuta mittet
 
Desaevientis spicula Concani.
Sed dimicantem, Virgo, ducem tua
   Obvallet aegis, et supremae
      Praesidium tueatur aulae.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE XVII. Ad B. Stanislaum Kostkam, pro incolumi Vladislai IV., Poloniae retjis, e Badenis reditu anno MDCXXXIX. votum.==
&lt;poem&gt;
Claris Olympi civibus additum,
O Kostka, sidus, marmoreas tibi
   Sacramus, et cera piisque
      Floribus accumulamus aras.
 
Te magna rerum Praeses et aurei
Regina mundi, militiam sui
   Hortata non horrerre Gnati
      Nec socias trepidare pugnas ;
 
Pronaque Romam cum peteres fuga,
Texit labantem, praepetibus retro
   Quamvis adurgeret quadrigis
      Sollicitus revocare frater.
 
Haec, dum trifauci Cerberus allatrat
Terretque rictu, te domina fovet
   Firmatque dextra! Ter minaces
      Tartareus canis egit iras,
 
Ter ora retro vertit, et irritos
Damnavit ausus. Quid memorem pia
   A Matre porrectum, et recline
      Sidereis tibi Numen ulnis?
 
Quali volentem, magne puer, Deum
Ludo moraris! qualis amabili
   Blandiris arridesque vultu!
      Quo pariter tibi blandus ore
 
Respondet Infans! non equidem tibi
Non credo laetum virgineo diu
   Collo pependisse, et frequenti
      Oscula congeminasse risu.
 
Non semper igni nubis in alite
Invisit orbem Numinis horrido
   Succincta Majestas tonitru,
      Aut triplici metuenda telo.
 
Scit et minores saepe Puer Deus
Mutare formas, cum meruit pius
   Simplexque candor, cum pudoris
      Lilia, virgineique mores:
 
Quales et olim Bethlemia casa
Fecere nasci, mox et ovilia
   Implere vagitu, et jacere
      Pauperibus docuere cunis.
 
Quis ille vero se Superum globus
Valvis aperti fundit ab aetheris?
   Quae clara tempestas repente,
      Et liquidi pluit imher auri?
 
Ridente coelo, pone minas, Theti:
Et tota prono suppliciter genu
   Procumbe, Tellus; sub minutae,
      Ecce Deus, Deus ecce, frugis
 
Descendit umbra, nil dubio cibus
Numenque Kostkae. Qualis, io! sacras
   Dapes adorantum reducto
      Coelituum stetit aula gyro!
 
An et frequenti te mediam choro,
Claris videndam, Barbara, turribus
   Agnosco? victricemque supplex
      Cerno procul venerorque palmam?
 
Sic est: ab ipso virginitas rapit
Cives Olympo: visitur undique
   Spectandus, ingentemque praebet
      Kostka Deo Superisque scenam.
 
Quandoque purum raptus in aethera,
Et ipse Divum coetibus interest,
   Et pulcher immensumque aperto
      Ore bibens animoque coelum,
 
Fontique rerum immersus, et intimo
Divinitatis naufragus in mari,
   Visus repercusso sereni
      Numinis irradiare vultu.
 
Quid mirum? ubi illis visceribus pius
Insedit ardor, quem nec anhelitus
   Lenis refrigeraret aurae,
      Nec gelidus cohiberet humor,
 
Flammata circum pectora roscido
Fumante lino: sic amor igneus
   Dum pugnat adversis, ab ipsa
      Sumit opes animosque lympha.
 
Haec canto terris: caetera conscio
Arcana virtus intulit aetheri;
   Quamvis nec aspernata posthac
      Saepe Lechos Litavosque noto
 
Spectare vultu, quem bona faustitas
Et laeta flavis copia frugibus
   Praeiret, et siccis amicam
      Temperiem revocaret agris;
 
Invisceratae ut diffugerent febres,
Et pallor, et qui jam morientibus
   Instabat, urgentisque leti
      Frigidus antevolabat horror.
 
Quantas patroni tegmine pallii
Servavit urbes, cum male pertinax
   Vulcanus undantesque celsis
      Turribus absiluere flammae!
 
Quis fando pulsos enumeret Getas
Csesumque Thracem? quis memoret retro
   Actas Gelonorum phalangas?
      Quis subitam placuisse pacem,
 
Cum jam reflarent classica classicis,
Turmaeque turmis, et manibus manus,
   Et scuta scutis, tela telis,
      Ensibus objicerentur enses?
 
Tui sub umbra nominis inclitum
Tiitumque serva Sarmatiae diu
   Regem Ladislaum, labanti
      Praesidium columenque mundo.
 
Quacunque coeli parte tuos procul
Spectas Triones, seu volucer tui
   Te currus excepit Bootae,
      Seu tepidi tenet ora Phoebi:
 
Non imber a te, non nebulae gravi
Obstent procella: respice patriam
   Serenus Arcton; sic coronet
      Sola piam tibi Roma frontem,
 
Interque Divum numina grandibus
Inscribat astris, et statuat sacras
   Urbanus aras: tunc Latini
      Tota dies, tibi totus aether
 
Pompam triumphi trans geminos vehet
Et figet Indos. Caetera nil moror:
   Hanc oro seponant, neque olim
      Invideant mihi fata lucem.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XVIII. Ad illustrissimum D. J. Zadzik, Episcopum Culmensem, supremum regni Cancellarium.==
===Cum, pace inter Polonos et Mosclios ad Polanoviarn confecta, in Poloniam rediret.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Scribere magnis, maxime, vatibus,
Orator alti pondere consili
   Momenta bellorum et labautes
      Eloquio populos in aequam
 
Librasse pacem: nos humili lyra,
Zadziciani nominis et sonum
   Et culmen infra, nec togatas
      Carminibus tenuare curas,
 
Nec fracta Moschi fulmina proelii
Parum canora dicere tibia
   Audemus, aut regum tropaea et
      Laurigeram memorare pacem,
 
Quam luctuosae culta Severiae,
Omnisque late ripa Borysthenis,
   Et Moschus et nuper Borussus
      Compositis tibi debet armis.
 
Haec et pedestres historiae dabunt
Grandis Lubini, nec venientibus
   Facundus invidebit annis
      Lipscius, aut facilis Gebicus.
 
Mos leniori dicere barbito
Jussere Musae, quae Polanoviae
   Colonus orae, per Viasmae
      Culta Borystheniosque saltus,
 
Nixus recurvo carmina vomeri
Bis terque cantet. Jam video cavas
   Florere valles, et natantem
      Fruge nova fluitare campum:
 
Jam laeta rursus rura nitescere,
Ridere colles, celsa meti juga,
   Ipsosque messores agresti
      Zad/icium geminare cantu:
 
Tum vero dulci fervere nomine
Valles et amnes. Quis deus otium
   Mutavit e tanto tumultu?
      Quis gladiis jaeulisque falces?
 
Non solus olim jurgia conficit,
Pugnatque Mavors. Sunt et idonea
   Bellis, et opportuna paci,
      Palladi Mercurioque tela.
 
Rarum cruentis desinit ensibus
Et eaede bellum: saepius ardua
   Regum secundavere coepta
      Flexanimae placida anna linguae.
 
Regnisque fines, quos male noxius
Describit ensis, certius innocens
   Metatur in charta volantis
      Penna stili tenuisque mucro:
 
Quem fas honesti dicere limites
Et inter aequi: quem ratio potens,
   Quem norma pernicis gubernat
      Consilii tacitumque pondus.
 
H:ec tela nunquam ponimus: hos Deus
Mortalitati mentis et ingeni
   Affixit enses: nos ab alta
      Eruimus alia arma terra.
 
Ferro vicissim caedimus et manu:
Tauris et ursis scilicet invidi
   Ungues cruentare, et minace
      Vulnera congeminare cornu.
 
Haud parva laus est corpore languidum
Stravisse corpus; sed potioribus
   Triumphat armis, quisquis hostem
      Parte sui meliore vicit.
&lt;/poem&gt;
==ODE XIX. Ad R. P. Sylvestrum Petrasanctam S.&amp;nbsp;J.==
===Cum eruditum suum de symbolis, annulis, numismatibus, sigillis et emblematibus opus in lucem dedisset.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Si non per arcus et Capitolia
Se pompa docti nominis explicet,
   Quacumque se fert, ipsa currus,
      Ipsa sibi populus sub alto
 
Coelo triumphat. Non tua se minus
Attollit astris, nec minus inclita
   Mosaeque spectatur Sabique
      Dardania procul urbe virtus.
 
Non tota vitae, tota tamen tuae est
Immensa tellus patria gloriae,
   Quocunque, Petrasancta, vectus
      Sollicito tulit axe rumor,
 
Te militaris stemmata gloriae,
Et Romulorum fata Quiritium,
   Gemmasque natalesque ceras
      Exiguis cohibere chartis.
 
Ut sensa docti pectoris, et notas
Mire loquaci pingis imagine!
   Ipsumque conspirare pulchri
      Corpus amas animumque veri!
 
Planeque ludens inde coloribus,
Et inde verbis, mentibus affluis,
   Ceramque partiris videndam
      Ingeniis, oculisque mentem.
 
Non solus album sol aperit diem
Rerumque vultus: scilicet ut Deus
   Res temperavit, rebus una
      Alterius color esse coepit;
 
Unoque gaudent protinus adspici
Et esse nexu. Quis caneret tui
   Cum pace delabentis agmen
      Eloquii placidosque lusus?
 
Si non Galesi lene sonantibus
Aequata ripis flumina currerent;
   Nec se per et valles et arva
      Praecipiti pede ferret Almo.
 
Mentis quis illud fulgur, et ingeni
Citata dicat fulmina? si neque
   Percussus Altas, nec rubenti
      Icta Jovis tonet Aetna telo,
 
Nec ruptus aether, nec tonitru procul
Rauco triumphum murmure mugiat,
   Nec rubra diffisisque nimbis
      Crebra cito micet igne rima.
 
Pars illa mentis, quae strepitus suo
Curasque regum ridet ab angulo,
   Puroque, nec minus sereno,
      Quam Superum Pater ipse, vultu
 
Humana spectat, cpio faciem satis
Colore ducet? Pinge Ligustico
   Regnare sublimem profundo,
      Nec facilem trepidare Petram,
 
Quam pone fracti exercitus Aeoli, et
In se repulsas unda resorbeat
   Retrorsus iras; at superne
      Lilia purpureique flores,
 
Et multa veris copia rideat,
Lenique labens lympha volumine,
   Et mollis atque occultus udis
      Murmuret e violis susurrus.
&lt;/poem&gt;

==ODE XX. Ad R. P. Joannem Rywocium S. J.==
===Judicium de aetatibus prioribus et posterioribus.===
&lt;poem&gt;
Quae nos, Rywoci, tot rea cladium
Damnamus olim saecula, posteri
   Elapsa laudabunt, et aureis
      Moribus ac meliore coelo
 
Fluxisse dicent. Plebis in auribus
Absentis est vis debilior mali:
   Quantumque paullatim sinistris
      Detrahit invidiae vetustas,
 
Tantum secundis addit adoreae.
Plerumque reges, quos procul aemulo
   Subducit e rerum theatro,
      Consecrat indigetatque virtus.
 
Sic et minoris nomen Achillei
Sacris adorat non sine lacrimis,
   Toto triumphaturus orbe,
      Rex Macedum: Macedumque regi
 
Major triumphos et genus invidet
Et Caesar aras. Splendidius micant
   Longinqua, mentitumque ducunt
      Temporis a spatio colorem.
 
At qui per omne providus ac memor
Respexit aevum, jam melioribus
   Praeire, jam post ferre, jam se
      Jungere deteriora vidit;
 
Magnaque qua se mundus agit rota,
Humana verti. Cur ego livida
   Cum plebe, praeclaro nepote,
      Semper avos atavosque laudem?
 
Quinto Secundus cur Carolo minor
Sit Ferdinandus? cur Decimo parem
   Non mirer Urbanum Leoni
      Dardaniae dare jura Romae?
&lt;/poem&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Usor:Saumache/Pagina cerata</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>83632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276874</id>
      <parentid>271010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T20:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="227" sha1="fwbwgmhhmhwy5upbwzd0fvzxgv36vc1" xml:space="preserve">==Laxitas==

==Leges universales==

===Tituli paginarum===

===Structura===

===Nexus interni===

===Paginae discretivae===

==Leges speciales==

===Paginae scriptorum===

===De relegendo===

===Formulae===

===Disputationes===</text>
      <sha1>fwbwgmhhmhwy5upbwzd0fvzxgv36vc1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276875</id>
      <parentid>276874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T20:43:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="952" sha1="3isjbbd3qiah47ptkkn58spya03u881" xml:space="preserve">==Laxitas==

==Leges universales==

===Tituli paginarum===

# '''Forma''' cum maiuscula littera primum verbum solum apparet, nisi si quid proprii verbi sit.

# '''Subpaginae''' subpaginae de suis paginis parentibus linea dextrorsum inclinata distinguuntur(&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;).
#* Opera capitula sive partes praebenta non nuncupantur sed numerantur (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;, numquam &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Caesar in Vercingetoricem/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Semper sunt Romanique numeri utandi (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, numquam &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber 1/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; vel &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber primus/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;), operisque partium eadem sunt nomina quae apparerent in fonte (Carmen, Liber, Actus, etc.).
#*

===Structura===

===Nexus interni===

===Paginae discretivae===

==Leges speciales==

===Paginae scriptorum===

===De relegendo===

===Formulae===

===Disputationes===</text>
      <sha1>3isjbbd3qiah47ptkkn58spya03u881</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276876</id>
      <parentid>276875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T20:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Leges universales */</comment>
      <origin>276876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1106" sha1="nckv62zis89cu1ho5t1s852o9ybw0ew" xml:space="preserve">==Laxitas==

==Leges universales==

===Tituli paginarum===

# '''Forma''' solum cum maiuscula littera primum verbum apparet, nisi si quid proprii verbi sit.

# '''Subpaginarum tituli''' subpaginae de suis paginis parentibus linea dextrorsum inclinata distinguuntur (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;).
#* Opera capitula sive partes praebenta non nuncupantur, sed numerantur (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, numquam &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Caesar in Vercingetoricem/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). Romani numeri sunt semper utandi (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, non &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber 1/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, neque &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber primus/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;), operisque partium eadem sunt nomina quae apparerent in fonte (Carmen, Liber, Actus, etc.).

# '''Discretio''' [[:Formula:discretiva]] est utenda siquando plures paginae idem nomen ferant. [[#Paginae discretivae|Paginae discretivae]] vide.

===Structura===

===Nexus interni===

===Paginae discretivae===

==Leges speciales==

===Paginae scriptorum===

===De relegendo===

===Formulae===

===Disputationes===</text>
      <sha1>nckv62zis89cu1ho5t1s852o9ybw0ew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276881</id>
      <parentid>276876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T00:04:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tituli paginarum */</comment>
      <origin>276881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1116" sha1="25ysikmhj0cq38qlc52xhnwoeeqh4g7" xml:space="preserve">==Laxitas==

==Leges universales==

===Tituli paginarum===

# '''Forma''' solum cum maiuscula littera primum verbum tituli apparet, nisi si quid proprii verbi sit.

# '''Subpaginarum tituli''' subpaginae a suis paginis parentibus linea dextrorsum inclinata distinguuntur (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;).
#* Opera diversas partes praebentia non nuncupantur, sed numerantur (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, numquam &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Caesar in Vercingetoricem/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). Romani numeri sunt semper utandi (e.g., &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, numquam &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber 1/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, nec tamen &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber primus/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;), partibusque operis eadem sunt nomina quae appareant in fonte (Carmen, Liber, Actus, etc.).

# '''Discretio''' [[:Formula:discretiva]] est utenda siquando plures paginae idem nomen ferant. [[#Paginae discretivae|Paginae discretivae]] vide.

===Structura===

===Nexus interni===

===Paginae discretivae===

==Leges speciales==

===Paginae scriptorum===

===De relegendo===

===Formulae===

===Disputationes===</text>
      <sha1>25ysikmhj0cq38qlc52xhnwoeeqh4g7</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/652</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276887</id>
      <parentid>275049</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T05:58:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LihachevAnthon1971</username>
        <id>32937</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>graeca + latina</comment>
      <origin>276887</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
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      <text bytes="8473" sha1="md6ney5lppf7bzz4g44wjbq1ik7bumr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;LihachevAnthon1971&quot; /&gt;__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{center|''C A P U T XIII.'''}}

{{center|''Spiritu sancto afflatus discipulos hortatur ad compunctionem, atque ad attentionem ac fervorem in oratione &amp; psalmodia.''}}
{|
| {{left sidenote|'''A. LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.'''}}
{{left sidenote|''Subito S. Spiritus illapsu ad discipulos instruendos impellitur:''}}CUm alio quodam tempore die sabbati circa tertiam aut quartam horam Seni deifero assiderent quidam è patribus, &amp; salutaribus ejus sermonibus darent operam, postquam tantisper attendissem ipse cum ceteris, surrexi necessarii aliquid in spelæo expediturus: versabamur enim tum temporis, durante scilicet Quadragesimâ, in speluncis Calamonis. Ut igitur operi intentus eram, Senex spirantem in se ac loquentem Dei gratiam sentiens, inclamavit me dicens: Leonti miser, huc accede, &amp; sede hîc apud me. Ego verò: Optimè, inquam, Pater; jam adero. At ille paullo post iterum clamat: Huc propera, miser atque infelix Leonti; idemque dicit tertio: Leonti miser ac descende, huc veni, cum jubeo, &amp; inepta, quæ præ manibus habes, omitte modo: non enim semper occurrunt mihi, quæ jam possum dicere: nam non sum ego qui loquor. {{left sidenote|'''B'''}}Continuo itaque omnibus, quibus distinebar, sepositis ad illum accedo, ac vultum ejus intueor compunctione &amp; gaudio exundantem, non jam igni similem, ut cum sæpissime illapsâ Dei gratiâ videram: nam multa mihi tum pietate, jucundissimâque relucere videbatur dulcedine: hinc decidua nive copiosiora, leniora stillanti rore, margaritis lucidiora, &amp; fructu quantumlibet sapido dulciora ab ore ejus illo suavi tradita divinitus monita ac præcepta, quæ aditum ei ad intimos animorum aperirent recessus, promanabant. Ex quibus, quamquam perpurgatum non esset mihi mentis receptaculum, partem tamen compunctionis aliquam colligere mihi licuit, quæ me ad servandam seriò disciplinam, &amp; ad lugenda peccata mea, gratiasque Deo decantandas per dies bene multos urgebat.

{{left sidenote|'''C''' ''aliàs quoque divina patitur.''}}158 Item alias, cum in speluncis Castellicis per alteram Quadragesimam cum ipso versarer, libuit mihi de spelunca meâ ad illum media circiter nocte excurrere: sed ille, ut me in via propius accedere ad speluncam suam deprehendit, hunc repente, qua ratione haud equidem scio, ad me clamorem emittit: Noli ad me venire Leonti, noli venire; agere mihi tecum non vacat modo. Hæc ubi audieram, conjeci, ideo mihi ut ad se accederem, noluisse eum permittere (id quod numquam fecerat) quia vel apparitione frueretur aliqua, vel in contemplatione defixus esset; &amp; glorificans Deum, iter ad speluncam meam relegi.

{{left sidenote|''Adhortatur suos ad studium solidarum virtutum,''}}159 Numquam divinus hic Senex, dum in commonendis discipulis suis erat assiduus, de contentione dicendi quidquam remisit: etenim die quadam, cum ad eum venissem, doctrinæ sacræ fontes cœpit emittere, cum diceret: Attende tibi, fili; attende tibi; &amp; salutis tuæ curam vide ne abjicias: non est enim, non est via sublimior, quam invigilare sibi, atque in habitu monastico, in tranquilla curarum pace, in humilitate non ficta, sincerâque pietate, caste Deo servire, germanam adversus omnes caritatem tueri, &amp; vis‑…
| {{right sidenote|'''D'''}}
{{graeca|Ἀλλοτέ πνων ἐκ τῶν πατέρων ἐν σαββάτῳ / περὶ τρίτην ἢ τετάρτην ὥραν τῷ θεοφό‑ / ρῳ Γέροντι παρεκαθημένων , καὶ τῶν ψυχωφελῶν / αὐτοῦ ῥημάτων ἀκροωμένων , ὀλίγον συνακούσας , / ἵνα χρείαν ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ ποιήσω ἀνέτειλα · ἐν / τοῖς σπηλαίοις δὲ τῶν Καλαμῶν διετρίβομεν , / Τεσσαρακοστῆς τότε ὄσης · {{right sidenote|'''E'''}} Ὡς δὲ ἐνήργει , θεο‑ / πνεύστως χάριτος αἰσθανθεὶς ὁ Γέρων ἐν ἑαυτῷ / πνεύσας καὶ λαλῶν , ἐφώνησέ με λέγων · Δεόν‑ / τιε ταπεινὲ , δεῦρ' ἴθι , καὶ κάθισον παρ' ἐμοί . / Ἐγὼ δὲ , Ναὶ , πάτερ , ἰδὲ ἔρχομαι , ἔφην . Ὁ / δ πάλιν μετ' ὀλίγον ἐφώνησεν · Ἐλθὲ ἐκεῖθεν , / Λεόντιε ζωσεινὲ? , καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ τρίτον ἔφη · Ὡς / λέγω σοι , ἔλθε ἐκεῖθεν , Λεόντιε ζωσεινὲ? , καὶ / ἐλεεινὲ , καὶ ἃ μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχεις ἀνόητα , ἄφες / ἄρτι · οὐ γὰρ ἃ δύναμαι λαλεῖν , ἐπέρχεταί μοι / οὐ πάντοτε · οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ λαλῶν . Εὐθέως / δὲ καὶ παρεχρῆμα ὅσα εἶχον μετὰ χεῖρας ἀ‑ / φιέμενος? , ἀπῆλθον πρὸς αὐτόν , καὶ θεωρῶ τν / ὄψιν αὐτοῦ κατανύξεως , καὶ ἀγαλλιάσεως μεστὴν , / καὶ οὐκ ἐοικυῖαν πυρί , οἵαν πλειστάκις εἶδον / αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐπιφοιτήσει τῆς θείας χάριτος ἐν / αὐτ · εὐλαβείᾳ? γὰρ τότε πολλῇ , καὶ φαιδρο‑ / τάτῃ πραΰτητι κατηγλαϊσμένη ἐφάνη μοι · ὅ‑ / θεν νιφάδων ἀνετώτεραι , καὶ δροσερῶν ψιχά‑ / δων ἠρεμώτεραι , καὶ μαργαριτῶν λαμπρότεραι , / καὶ παντὸς γλυκέος καρποῦ προσηνέστεραι ἀπὸ τοῦ / γλυκεροῦ τότε στόματος αὐτοῦ προΐεσαν αἱ θεο‑ / δίδακτοι παραινέσεις , καὶ διδαχαὶ τὸ βάθος / αὐτ τῶν φρενῶν κιχάνουσαι , ἐξ ὧν ἡδύνθην , / καίπερ οὐ? δοχεῖον διανοίας κεκτημένος καθαρόν , {{right sidenote|'''F'''}} / μέρος τι καρπώσασθαι κατανύξεως , τοῦτόν? με ἐφ' / ἡμέρας ἱκανὰς σεμνῶς πολιτεύεσθαι , καὶ τὰς ἐμὰς / ἁμαρτίας ὀδύρεσθαι , καὶ τ Θεῷ χαριστηρίους ἀ‑ / ναπέμπειν ᾠδάς .}}

{{graeca|158 Καὶ λλοτε ἐν ἑτέρᾳ Τεσσαρακοστῇ ἐν / τοῖς Καστελλικίοις? σπηλαίοις ἐμοῦ συνόντος? , ἔδοξέ / μοι περὶ τὸ μεσονύκτιον ἀπὸ τῆς σπηλαίας μου πο‑ / ρευθῆναι πρὸς αὐτόν . Ὁ δέ με καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν / τῷ σπηλαίῳ αὐτοῦ πλησιάσαντα κατανοήσας , / ὀξέως , οὐκ οἶδα πῶς , ἀποπέμπεται πρός με / φωνὴν , λέγουσαν · Δεόντιε , μὴ ἔρχῃ ἐπ' ἐμέ , / μὴ ἔρχῃ · οὐκ ἄγω σοι ἀρτίως σχολήν · ταύτης / δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ἀκούσας , ᾤθην , ὅτι βλέπων ὀ‑ / πτασίαν τινὰ , ἐν θεωρί ὢν ἐκώλυσέ με / ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ατόν , περ οὐ πεποίηκέ ποτε · καὶ / ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἀνέκαμψα σπήλαιον , δοξάζων τὸν / Θεόν .}}

{{graeca|159 Ὁ θεοφόρος οὗτος Γέρων , ἀεὶ νουθετῶν / τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ φοιτητὰς , οὐδὲ λέγειν οὐκ ἠτόνει? (ἠδύνατο?) · μιᾷ / γὰρ τῶν μερν ἐν ᾗ προσεληλυθότος? αὐτοῦ? , / ἤρξατο ἱερῶν διδαγμάτων βρύειν πηγάς , λέγων · / Πρόσεχε ἑαυτῷ , τέκνον , πρόσεχε ἑαυτῷ , καὶ / τῆς σεαυτοῦ? μὴ ἀμέλει σωτηρίας · οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ , / οὐκ ἔστι ὁδὸς μείζων ἢ προσέχειν ἑαυτῷ καὶ / καθαρῶς λατρεύειν Θεῷ ἐν σχήματι μοναχι‑ / κῷ καὶ λογισμῶν γαληνότητι , καὶ ἀψευδεῖ / ταπεινώσει , καὶ ἀγαπείᾳ? ἀνυποκρίτῳ , καὶ τῷ / ἀκακίῳ εἰλικρινεῖ πρὸς πάντας φυλάσσειν? , καὶ / ἀπλό‑ …}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>md6ney5lppf7bzz4g44wjbq1ik7bumr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/653</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276888</id>
      <parentid>275050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T08:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LihachevAnthon1971</username>
        <id>32937</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>276888</origin>
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      <text bytes="9139" sha1="ifjx4zof0teiei72x5jnpe1q7hqnfvl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;LihachevAnthon1971&quot; /&gt;__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;{|
| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|απλάγχνα συμπαθείας ἔχειν. Οὐ γὰρ δεῖ μόνον βλέπειν πρὸς πανίω τῷ ἐπιφάνειαν· πολλάκις γὰρ ὑποκρίνεται, ἄσκησιν ἢ ψιλὴν ἐπιδεικνύται, ἐντεύθεν αἰσχροποιίαν δημοσιεύει δόξαν, ἢ παινον· ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ψυχικὰς κινήσεις ἢ διαθέσεις, πρὸς τὰς ἐν κρυπτῷ τελουμένας ἀρετάς, πρὸς εὐαρέστησιν τῇ Θείᾳ εὐαρεστητῷ. ὅταν γὰρ ταῦτα φυλάξῃ ὁ μοναχός, τότε πληροῦσθαι δηλαδὴ ἐν αὐτῷ ὁ τῆς μακαρίας Συμεὼν⊠ μακαρισμός.}}

{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
{{graeca|160 Αὐτὸς πάλυν τοῖς πόσμασιν αὐτὸν, τέκνον, ἀποστελλάζειν τ Θεῷ· μὴ μόνον τοῖς λόγοις ἐν ταῖς σεμνυχαῖς βασιλολογίαις, μὴ δὲ ψαλμῶν σεῖσθαι τῷ σθήθει τῷ ψαλμῶν, ἀλλὰ τῇ σωφροσύνῃ τῇ λογισμν ἢ τῇ νήψει τῇ νῷ· ἢ γὰρ τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ ψαλλομένων, ἀλλὰ τῇ τῷ ψάλλοντι· συνεστῶσι σεῖσθαι ὁ Χριστός. ταν παῦν πνεύσῃς σεμνυχαῖς μὴν⊠, μὴ λογιζῇ ἑαυτὸν ἄνω ἐν τῇ γ, ἀλλὰ πέρυσον τὸ σῶμα σὺν τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ πεπάθην, καὶ ὑπερέβηθι τῷ αἴρει, τῷ αἰθέρι, σὺν ἱεραρχίαις, τῷ ἀγγέλαις, τ ἀρχαγγέλαις, θρόνοις, ἢ κυριότητις, ἀρχαῖς τε, καὶ ἐξουσίαις,  τὰς δυνάμεις ἐκείνας τὰς φοβερὰς, καπηλώπιον ἢ ὁ θρόνος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ δοξολογεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν καθήμενος μνοις μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, ὅσον χωρεῖ ὁ σοῦ νοῦς· ε μὴ γὰρ οα ποιήσεις, ὡς ἄλλως αὐτν καταστήσεις, ἀλλὰ μλλον αὐτὸν παροξυνέσεις, καὶ  σεβυληθῇς ἐκεῖνον δρῶν ἀκούσεις· Οὐαὶ τῷ ποιοῦντι τὸ ἔργον τ Θεοῦ ἀμελς, ἅμα τ εὐαγγελίῳ λέγοντι· Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί.}}

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}
{{graeca|161 Ἔχεις παῦν ἢ νῦν σὲ, τέκνον, ὅλον χρησιμεύειν ἢ νήψοντα· ἀπαιτες ἢ τῷ ἀρετῆς, καὶ μὴ ὁρῶς τίαν τοῖς πάθεσιν· ἢ γὰρ γὰρ μὴ παύσῃ πεφιλοκαλμῇ, καὶ ἴσω χρόνον τοιαύτην εἴληφαμεν, ὡς ἔχειν ἡμᾶς ατὴν κεκαθαρμένην τὴν διάνοιαν,  τῷ τῷ ἐπικρατήσασιν ἡμῶν ἀπεστεύσαμεν, ἢ ἀμέλειαν,  οὐκ ἐμμενεῖν αὐτῇ, ἀγαπητέ, μὴ ἐμμενῶμεν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἢ παρελθοῦσαν ἀμέλειαν ἀφίστασι τῷ ἀγαθ θεοδιδάκτ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῇ πλεομν ἐναρέτει βίᾳ ἀρχῇ, ἢ αἰντραπετευθῶμεν τοῖς τῷ διαβόλῳ πονηροῖς, ὑπερροῖς ἤτοι λογισμοῖς, ἢ ὀργιλιμῷ αὐτοῖς. Τέτα γὰρ χρεὼν θέσθαι ἡμῖν τὸ θυμικόν· καλῶς λοιπὸν χρησώμεθα αὐτ. Ὀργίζεσθε, φησίν, ἢ μὴ μαρτάνετε, ὁ θεοφράντως Δαβίδ. Ὀργίλως ἐν ἀντιστάσθαι, καὶ μὴ ὑποχωρήσασθαι τοῖς νοητοῖς ἡμῶν ἐχθροῖς, οἵτινές εἰσιν οἱ ὑπὸ τῷ δαιονίας γεννώμενοι πονηροὶ λογισμοί· ο γὰρ οἰκιακοὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπ εἰσιν ο ἐχθροὶ αὐτο, ὡς ὁ Δεσπότης φησιν· ὅς, εἰ θελήσομεν, ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἐσπασάσομεν, τὰ ἐναντία τος ἐναντίοις ἐκπλίνοντες. εἴπερ γὰρ ὁ μῦλος ἀληθῶς πν τὸ ἐν αὐτ βαλλόμενον, σῖτον, κελχὴν ἢ ὄροβον, ἢ τι τῷ λοιπν χωρῶν,  βελτιώνων· οὕτως ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ νς μῦλος ἀκινήτῳ· ἐὰν γὰρ σεβυθῶσι ἐμβαλς αὐτῷ καρπὸς ἀγαθούς, ἤτοι λογισμούς, ποιήσεις λευρον καθαρόν· ἐὰν γὰρ καραῖς πονηράς, δρῶσιν συνάξεις βροδεῖς. Οὐκὼν δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἀεὶ ἀεὶ τὸ κακόν, πως ἰδὼν σε ὁ Θεὸς τῇ ἰδίαν ἀγχινοσόλμον λογισμῶν, ἐξαπεστελεῖ ἐπὶ σε τὴν χάριν αὐτοῦ, κα τὴν δωρεάν, καὶ ἀνακαινίσει σε ἢ ὅλον ἐκπλεῖσει καθαρόν, ἢ ἀρχοντί σε καταστήσει τῷ οἰκείων σε λογισμν. Κατὰ γὰρ τν ἀναλογίαν τῷ πᾶδε σε, ἢ τ νήσῳ, ἢ τῷ σακῶς ἐπιφορτωτῷ ἐπὶ σε. Διὸ ἀγωνίζε καὶ αὐτοῦ, να τελείαν πληγ αὐτῷ.}}

{{left|162 Τν δεδηλωμένων ἢ τῷ ψαλμῳδίαις ὡρῶν μηδαμῶς ἀμέλει, μηδὲ τῷ ἀρτυπνιῶν,}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
cera gerere miſericordiæ: neque enim quod foris appareat, attendendum eſt modo; nam id ſæpe fallit, ſpuriamque virtutem, quæ hominum æſtimationem in hac vita &amp; laudes aucupatur, oſtentat; ſed motus &amp; affectus animi, ſed exercitæ in occulto virtutes, ſed bonitatis divinæ beneplacitum: nam hæc ſi obſervaverit monachus, tum quidem haud dubium eſt, quin complenda in illo ſit beati Symeonis felicitas.

{{right sidenote|''ad orationis attentionem fervoremque;'' '''E'''}}
160 Illis itaque rebus ad Deum propius, filii, ſtude accedere; noli ſolis verbis inter cantas, multitudinem attende pſalmorum, ſed cogitationum mentiſque continentiam; quia non eorum, quæ canuntur, numerum; ſed ejus, qui canit, conſcientiam Judex conſiderat. Quando illi igitur ad precandum aſſiteris, ne te exiſtimes in terra verſari; ſed cum animo corpus attolle, &amp; volatu ærem, æthera, cælos, Angelos, Archangelos, Thronos &amp; Dominationes, Principatus ac Poteſtates, tremendaque illas Virtutes tranſcende; &amp; coram ſolio gloriæ ejus, cum timore ac tremore, quantum capere mens tua poterit, ſanctis illum hymnis adora: niſi enim ſic feceris, propitium illum, non reddes, ſed ad iram potius provocablis, audieſque lugubre hoc Prophetæ lamentum: Maledictus, qui facit opus Dei negligenter a, ſimul cum Euangelio dicente: Væ vobis, Phariſæi, hypocritæ.

{{right sidenote|''ad passionum mortificationem, mentemque anctiis cogitationibus occupandam.'' '''F'''}}
161 Fac igitur mente, fili, ſis vigili ac ſobria: virtutem ectare, &amp; cupiditates noli ſuccumbere: quamquam enim tales natura non ſimus, neque talem umquam gratiam acceperimus, ut defæcato ſemper animo ſimus, cum ſegnities nobis &amp; incuria dominetur; ne tamen immoremur illi, dilecte, ne immoremur; ſed præteritas negligentias, apud optimum Deum deprecemur, &amp; vitam ordiamur ex virtute ducere; pravis diaboli, quibus videlicet ut miniſtris utitur, ſuggeſtionibus reſiſtamus, illiſque nos præbeamus iratos: nam in eum finem iraſcendi nobis facultas eſt indita. Ceterum ea recte utendum et: Iraſcimini, inquit interpres Dei David, &amp; nolite peccare. Iracundè itaque refragemur, neque cedamus hoſtibus notris ſpiritualibus, qui ſunt exurgentes in mente noſtra cogitationes malæ: nam inimici hominis, ut ait Dominus, domeſtici ejus; quos, ſi voluerimus, radicibus extirpabimus, contraria evellentes contrariis. Etenim ut mola, quidquid ingeritur, eu frumentum illud fuerit, ſive hordeum, ſive erva, vel ſiquid deterius aliud aut melius, terit; ſic mens noſtra mola quædam eſt ſpiritualis, agiturque perpetuo: nam ſi fruges ei, id eſt, cogitationes bonas properè injeceris, farinam puram conficies; ſin autem fruges malas, corruptum colliges cibum. Vince itaque in bono malum, ut, cum te Deus adverſus proprias cogitationes depugnantem conſpiciet, gratiam ſuam tibi ac dona ſubmittat, renovetque te, &amp; emundet totum, dominumque conſtituat cogitationum tuarum: nam aliter atque aliter ad te veniet, pro diverſa ratione deſiderii, laboris, &amp; induſtriæ tuæ. Certa igitur, &amp; rerum tuarum fatage, ut ratio illa ſit in te quam perfectiſſima.
162 Horis autem ad palmodiam, &amp; viglias b, maxime apud patres, inſtante ſacro die Domi-
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|απλάγχνα συμπαθείας ἔχειν. Οὐ γὰρ δεῖ μόνον βλέπειν πρὸς πανίω τῷ ἐπιφάνειαν· πολλάκις γὰρ ὑποκρίνεται, ἄσκησιν ἢ ψιλὴν ἐπιδεικνύται, ἐντεύθεν αἰσχροποιίαν δημοσιεύει δόξαν, ἢ παινον· ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ψυχικὰς κινήσεις ἢ διαθέσεις, πρὸς τὰς ἐν κρυπτῷ τελουμένας ἀρετάς, πρὸς εὐαρέστησιν τῇ Θείᾳ εὐαρεστητῷ. ὅταν γὰρ ταῦτα φυλάξῃ ὁ μοναχός, τότε πληροῦσθαι δηλαδὴ ἐν αὐτῷ ὁ τῆς μακαρίας Συμεὼν⊠ μακαρισμός.}}

{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
{{graeca|160 Αὐτὸς πάλυν τοῖς πόσμασιν αὐτὸν, τέκνον, ἀποστελλάζειν τ Θεῷ· μὴ μόνον τοῖς λόγοις ἐν ταῖς σεμνυχαῖς βασιλολογίαις, μὴ δὲ ψαλμῶν σεῖσθαι τῷ σθήθει τῷ ψαλμῶν, ἀλλὰ τῇ σωφροσύνῃ τῇ λογισμν ἢ τῇ νήψει τῇ νῷ· ἢ γὰρ τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ ψαλλομένων, ἀλλὰ τῇ τῷ ψάλλοντι· συνεστῶσι σεῖσθαι ὁ Χριστός. ταν παῦν πνεύσῃς σεμνυχαῖς μὴν⊠, μὴ λογιζῇ ἑαυτὸν ἄνω ἐν τῇ γ, ἀλλὰ πέρυσον τὸ σῶμα σὺν τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ πεπάθην, καὶ ὑπερέβηθι τῷ αἴρει, τῷ αἰθέρι, σὺν ἱεραρχίαις, τῷ ἀγγέλαις, τ ἀρχαγγέλαις, θρόνοις, ἢ κυριότητις, ἀρχαῖς τε, καὶ ἐξουσίαις,  τὰς δυνάμεις ἐκείνας τὰς φοβερὰς, καπηλώπιον ἢ ὁ θρόνος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ δοξολογεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν καθήμενος μνοις μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, ὅσον χωρεῖ ὁ σοῦ νοῦς· ε μὴ γὰρ οα ποιήσεις, ὡς ἄλλως αὐτν καταστήσεις, ἀλλὰ μλλον αὐτὸν παροξυνέσεις, καὶ  σεβυληθῇς ἐκεῖνον δρῶν ἀκούσεις· Οὐαὶ τῷ ποιοῦντι τὸ ἔργον τ Θεοῦ ἀμελς, ἅμα τ εὐαγγελίῳ λέγοντι· Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί.}}

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}
{{graeca|161 Ἔχεις παῦν ἢ νῦν σὲ, τέκνον, ὅλον χρησιμεύειν ἢ νήψοντα· ἀπαιτες ἢ τῷ ἀρετῆς, καὶ μὴ ὁρῶς τίαν τοῖς πάθεσιν· ἢ γὰρ γὰρ μὴ παύσῃ πεφιλοκαλμῇ, καὶ ἴσω χρόνον τοιαύτην εἴληφαμεν, ὡς ἔχειν ἡμᾶς ατὴν κεκαθαρμένην τὴν διάνοιαν,  τῷ τῷ ἐπικρατήσασιν ἡμῶν ἀπεστεύσαμεν, ἢ ἀμέλειαν,  οὐκ ἐμμενεῖν αὐτῇ, ἀγαπητέ, μὴ ἐμμενῶμεν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἢ παρελθοῦσαν ἀμέλειαν ἀφίστασι τῷ ἀγαθ θεοδιδάκτ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῇ πλεομν ἐναρέτει βίᾳ ἀρχῇ, ἢ αἰντραπετευθῶμεν τοῖς τῷ διαβόλῳ πονηροῖς, ὑπερροῖς ἤτοι λογισμοῖς, ἢ ὀργιλιμῷ αὐτοῖς. Τέτα γὰρ χρεὼν θέσθαι ἡμῖν τὸ θυμικόν· καλῶς λοιπὸν χρησώμεθα αὐτ. Ὀργίζεσθε, φησίν, ἢ μὴ μαρτάνετε, ὁ θεοφράντως Δαβίδ. Ὀργίλως ἐν ἀντιστάσθαι, καὶ μὴ ὑποχωρήσασθαι τοῖς νοητοῖς ἡμῶν ἐχθροῖς, οἵτινές εἰσιν οἱ ὑπὸ τῷ δαιονίας γεννώμενοι πονηροὶ λογισμοί· ο γὰρ οἰκιακοὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπ εἰσιν ο ἐχθροὶ αὐτο, ὡς ὁ Δεσπότης φησιν· ὅς, εἰ θελήσομεν, ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἐσπασάσομεν, τὰ ἐναντία τος ἐναντίοις ἐκπλίνοντες. εἴπερ γὰρ ὁ μῦλος ἀληθῶς πν τὸ ἐν αὐτ βαλλόμενον, σῖτον, κελχὴν ἢ ὄροβον, ἢ τι τῷ λοιπν χωρῶν,  βελτιώνων· οὕτως ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ νς μῦλος ἀκινήτῳ· ἐὰν γὰρ σεβυθῶσι ἐμβαλς αὐτῷ καρπὸς ἀγαθούς, ἤτοι λογισμούς, ποιήσεις λευρον καθαρόν· ἐὰν γὰρ καραῖς πονηράς, δρῶσιν συνάξεις βροδεῖς. Οὐκὼν δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἀεὶ ἀεὶ τὸ κακόν, πως ἰδὼν σε ὁ Θεὸς τῇ ἰδίαν ἀγχινοσόλμον λογισμῶν, ἐξαπεστελεῖ ἐπὶ σε τὴν χάριν αὐτοῦ, κα τὴν δωρεάν, καὶ ἀνακαινίσει σε ἢ ὅλον ἐκπλεῖσει καθαρόν, ἢ ἀρχοντί σε καταστήσει τῷ οἰκείων σε λογισμν. Κατὰ γὰρ τν ἀναλογίαν τῷ πᾶδε σε, ἢ τ νήσῳ, ἢ τῷ σακῶς ἐπιφορτωτῷ ἐπὶ σε. Διὸ ἀγωνίζε καὶ αὐτοῦ, να τελείαν πληγ αὐτῷ.}}

{{left|162 Τν δεδηλωμένων ἢ τῷ ψαλμῳδίαις ὡρῶν μηδαμῶς ἀμέλει, μηδὲ τῷ ἀρτυπνιῶν,}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
cera gerere miſericordiæ: neque enim quod foris appareat, attendendum eſt modo; nam id ſæpe fallit, ſpuriamque virtutem, quæ hominum æſtimationem in hac vita &amp; laudes aucupatur, oſtentat; ſed motus &amp; affectus animi, ſed exercitæ in occulto virtutes, ſed bonitatis divinæ beneplacitum: nam hæc ſi obſervaverit monachus, tum quidem haud dubium eſt, quin complenda in illo ſit beati Symeonis felicitas.

{{right sidenote|''ad orationis attentionem fervoremque;'' '''E'''}}
160 Illis itaque rebus ad Deum propius, filii, ſtude accedere; noli ſolis verbis inter cantas, multitudinem attende pſalmorum, ſed cogitationum mentiſque continentiam; quia non eorum, quæ canuntur, numerum; ſed ejus, qui canit, conſcientiam Judex conſiderat. Quando illi igitur ad precandum aſſiteris, ne te exiſtimes in terra verſari; ſed cum animo corpus attolle, &amp; volatu ærem, æthera, cælos, Angelos, Archangelos, Thronos &amp; Dominationes, Principatus ac Poteſtates, tremendaque illas Virtutes tranſcende; &amp; coram ſolio gloriæ ejus, cum timore ac tremore, quantum capere mens tua poterit, ſanctis illum hymnis adora: niſi enim ſic feceris, propitium illum, non reddes, ſed ad iram potius provocablis, audieſque lugubre hoc Prophetæ lamentum: Maledictus, qui facit opus Dei negligenter a, ſimul cum Euangelio dicente: Væ vobis, Phariſæi, hypocritæ.

{{right sidenote|''ad passionum mortificationem, mentemque anctiis cogitationibus occupandam.'' '''F'''}}
161 Fac igitur mente, fili, ſis vigili ac ſobria: virtutem ectare, &amp; cupiditates noli ſuccumbere: quamquam enim tales natura non ſimus, neque talem umquam gratiam acceperimus, ut defæcato ſemper animo ſimus, cum ſegnities nobis &amp; incuria dominetur; ne tamen immoremur illi, dilecte, ne immoremur; ſed præteritas negligentias, apud optimum Deum deprecemur, &amp; vitam ordiamur ex virtute ducere; pravis diaboli, quibus videlicet ut miniſtris utitur, ſuggeſtionibus reſiſtamus, illiſque nos præbeamus iratos: nam in eum finem iraſcendi nobis facultas eſt indita. Ceterum ea recte utendum et: Iraſcimini, inquit interpres Dei David, &amp; nolite peccare. Iracundè itaque refragemur, neque cedamus hoſtibus notris ſpiritualibus, qui ſunt exurgentes in mente noſtra cogitationes malæ: nam inimici hominis, ut ait Dominus, domeſtici ejus; quos, ſi voluerimus, radicibus extirpabimus, contraria evellentes contrariis. Etenim ut mola, quidquid ingeritur, eu frumentum illud fuerit, ſive hordeum, ſive erva, vel ſiquid deterius aliud aut melius, terit; ſic mens noſtra mola quædam eſt ſpiritualis, agiturque perpetuo: nam ſi fruges ei, id eſt, cogitationes bonas properè injeceris, farinam puram conficies; ſin autem fruges malas, corruptum colliges cibum. Vince itaque in bono malum, ut, cum te Deus adverſus proprias cogitationes depugnantem conſpiciet, gratiam ſuam tibi ac dona ſubmittat, renovetque te, &amp; emundet totum, dominumque conſtituat cogitationum tuarum: nam aliter atque aliter ad te veniet, pro diverſa ratione deſiderii, laboris, &amp; induſtriæ tuæ. Certa igitur, &amp; rerum tuarum fatage, ut ratio illa ſit in te quam perfectiſſima.

162 Horis autem ad palmodiam, &amp; viglias b, maxime apud patres, inſtante ſacro die Domi-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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| {{left sidenote|'''A. LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.'''}}
Dominico, assignatis nequaquam negligito adesse statim, templo, nisi necessaria de causa, non exiens: ibi etenim totius hebdomadæ bravium acquirit monachus &amp; coronam generosis suis conatibus respondentem. Nam Patrum antiquorum non nulli, sanctitate &amp; auctoritate venerabiles, testatum id esse voluerunt, dicentes eum, qui sanctæ Dominicæ pervigiliis patienter assistat, magnis progressionibus, ascensibusque sublimibus ad virtutem evadere. Sed mirabile ac præclarum est testimonium illud, quod eorum unus tradit his verbis: Accidit mihi, cum in constanti sacræ Dominicæ frequentatione perseverarem cum patribus, ut aliquando ante hymnos {{left sidenote|''c''}} , qui ad conciliandam sancto Evangelio attentionem cantantur in horis {{left sidenote|''d''}} , in ecstasim raperer; duosque spectarem angelos albis indutos vestibus, de sacrario exeuntes, qui stantes in templo patres circuibant, unumquemque per ordinem benigne salutantes, &amp; in eos distribuentes eulogias {{left sidenote|''e''}} , qui absoluto per templum circuitu, ad sacrarium denuo sunt reversi, {{left sidenote|'''B'''}} unde egressi disparuerunt. Alius vero ex assistentibus, confirmata hac apparitione, similem nobis in hunc modum narravit: Et ego iisdem temporibus, ut novit sanctus hic Pater, abreptus in ecstasim viros canos vidi sancta quadam gravitate spectabiles de sacrario prodire, qui coronas habentes in sinu, ex ordine singulorum, quotquot in templo tunc aderant, patrum sacra capita coronabant; &amp; ita per totam progressi ecclesiam, ad sacrarium redierunt, atque evanuerunt.

{{left sidenote|''&amp; venerabilis Senex excitare somnolentos.''}}163 Peregrinus item alius quidam monachus, qui ex regione longinqua huc venerat, habitavit in hac Laura nostra, ac templo &amp; vigiliis qualibet Dominica vacans cum patribus, sinistrè de illis sentire, imo damnare eos cœperat, cum in prædictis vigiliis victos eos somno, ac terram versus nutantes, tantumque non prolabentes videret, ita secum arguens: Quando isti sic vigilant; quid opus erat eos agere vigilias? Inutilia enim sunt istiusmodi pervigilia. Hic narravit nobis ac dixit: Stabam aliquando in sanctæ Dominicæ pervigilio, non satis recte de eo cogitans; &amp; sic igitur animo comparatus eram, cum somno correptus, monachum quemdam conspexi Senem, venerabilem, &amp; vultu valde liberali extrinsecus templum ingredi, &amp; unicuique patrum assistere, ac lenibus eos verbis expergefacere; {{left sidenote|'''C'''}} qui, ubi apud me alto sopore oppressum stetit: Surge, inquit; &amp; cum athletis hisce decerta; quod cum dixisset, evigilavi quidem ego; sed ille apparere desiit.

{{left sidenote|''Monachus vitæ remissioris sub eadem compungitur,''}}164 Atque has quidem recensens patrum visiones sanctus senex Stephanus inutiles nos instruebat, verum cum &amp; aliud ex alio quodam homine fide digno de iisdem vigiliis audiverim testimonium, non abs re fore duxi, si hic illud subjungerem. Fuit apud nos monachus quidam, solitudinis cultor eximius, nomine Joseph, natione Emesenus {{left sidenote|''f''}}. Fuit autem hic Deo gratus episcopus; fratrem vero habuit, Theodulum nomine, cui disciplina monastica parum cordi erat: neque enim in monasterio ullo continere omnino se poterat; sed stationem statione permutans vagus errabat; fratrem autem suum invisebat non raro, cum ante concreditum sibi episcopatum hîc degeret; &amp; per pauculos dies apud eum laborans ac frequentans ecclesiam, denuo redibat. Hic ergo invisens…
| {{right sidenote|'''D'''}}
{{graeca|μάλιστα ὑπὲρ τῶν πατέρων , τῆς ἁγίας κυριακῆς / ἐπιφωσκούσης , ἐφεστάναι , τῆς ἐκκλησίας μὴ / ἐξιὼν , χρείας ἀναγκαίας ἐκτός · ἐκεὶ γὰρ κομί‑ / ζεται ὁ μοναχὸς κἂν τῷ ἀναλογίῳ τὸ καρτε‑ / ρικὸν? αὐτῷ? πάσης τῆς ἑβδομάδος τὸ / βραβεῖον , καὶ τὸ ἀντάξιον στέφανον . Τινὲς γὰρ / τῶν σεβασμιωτάτων? πατέρων ἅγιοι καὶ ἀξιώτατοι / μεμαρτυρήκασι , λέγοντες , ὅτι μεγάλαις ἐπανα‑ / βάσεσιν ἀσκητικαῖς? καὶ ὑψηλαῖς ἀναβάσεσιν ὁ / εἰλημμένως? ἐνιστάμενος? ταῖς ἀγρυπνίαις τῆς ἁγίας / κυριακῆς · καὶ τούτων τις? μαρτυρίαν θαυμαστὴν / καὶ νδοξον ἐμαρτύρησε , λέγων · Ἐν τῇ καρτερικῇ / βάσει τῆς ἁγίας κυριακῆς ἱστάμην μετὰ τῶν πατέ‑ / ρων , ποτὲ περὶ τῶν ᾠδῶν ἐν ταῖς ὥραις τῶν ἐ‑ / πικεκυμένων? τῇ ἁγίᾳ εὐαγγελίᾳ ἐν ἐκστάσει γένομαι? , / καὶ θεωρῶ δύο ἀγγέλους λευχειμονοῦντας ἐξ ἱερα‑ / τείου ἐξιόντας , καὶ τοὺς ἑστῶτας ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πα‑ / τέρας περιϊόντας , καὶ πᾶσιν? ἕνα ἕκαστον / ἀσπαζομένους , καὶ εὐλογίας αὐτοῖς διανέμοντας · οἱ / πάντα τὸν ναὸν ἐφεξῆς κυκλώσαντες , πάλιν εἰς τὸ ε‑ / ρατεῖον ἀνέκαμψαν , ὅθεν ἐξέβησαν? , καὶ γεγόνα‑ / σιν ἀφανεῖς · {{right sidenote|'''E'''}} καὶ ἕτερος τῶν συγκαθημένων ταυτηνὶ / διαβεβαιούμενος τὴν ὀπτασίαν , ἴσον ἡμῖν διηγή‑ / σατο , λέγων · Ὅτι κἀγὼ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς καιροῖς , καθὼς / οἶδεν ὅτος ὁ ὅσιος Πατήρ , ἐν ἐκστάσει γεγονώς , εἶδον / πολιὺς ἄνδρας ἱεροπρεπεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἱερατείου προερχο‑ / μένους? , οἳ στεφάνους ἐν τοῖς κόλποις ἔχοντες , / καθεξῆς τῶν ἀριθμένων? ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τότε πα‑ / τέρων ἑνὸς ἑκάστῳ τὰς ἱερὰς κορυφὰς ἐστεφάνω‑ / σαν , καὶ ἔτω? πᾶσαν διελθόντες τὴν ἐκκλη‑ / σίαν , ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερατεῖον ἐπανῆλθον , καὶ ἀφα‑ / νεῖς ἐγένοντο .}}

{{graeca|163 Ἄλλος? δέ τις? μοναχὸς ξένος ὑπὸ? μακρᾶς παρεγγενὼς? γῆς , ᾤκησεν ἐν τῇ Λαύρᾳ ἡμν ταύ‑ / τ , καὶ σχολάζων τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ ταῖς ἀγρυπνίαις σὺν / τοῖς πατράσι? καθ' ἑκάστην κυριακὴν ἐδόξαζεν? εἰς αὐ‑ / τούς , καὶ κατέκρινε βλέπων αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς προειρημέ‑ / ναις ἀγρυπνίαις ὑπὸ το νυσταγμοῦ νικωμένους , ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν κατανεύοντας? , καὶ παρὰ βραχὺ καταπί‑ / πτοντας , λέγων · Ἐπειδὴ ἔτως? ἀγρυπνοῦσιν οὗ‑ / τοι , οὐκ ὤφειλον ἀγρυπνεῖν · οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ / χρεία τῆς ἀγρυπνίας ταύτης . Ὅτος? διηγήσατο / ἡμν λέγων · Ἱστάμην ποτὲ ἐν τῇ ἀγρυπνίᾳ τῆς / ἁγίας κυριακῆς διασμὸν? ἔχων εἰς αὐτήν · Ὡς / δὲ ἔτως? ἤμην , ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου ἁρπαγείς , ὁρῶ πο‑ / λιόν τινα μοναχὸν ἱεροπρεπῆ , καὶ λίαν διει‑ / δῆ? νδοθεν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν εἰσιόντα , καὶ / ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ τῶν πατέρων παρειστάμενον? , καὶ αὐτὸν πραέ‑ / σι λόγοις ἐξυπνίζοντα , ὃς παραστάς μοι τῷ}} {{right sidenote|'''F'''}} {{graeca|/ δυστυχῶς? τεχνωμένῳ? βαρεῖ νυσταγμῷ , φη · Α‑ / νάστα? , ἀθλησον καὶ σὺ μετὰ τούτων τῶν ἀθλητῶν . / Καὶ τως? επόντος αὐτοῦ , ἐγὼ μὲν ἐξυπνίσθην · / αὐτὸς δὲ γέγονε ἀφανής .}}

{{graeca|164 Καὶ ταύτας μὲν ὁ γιος γέρων Στέ‑ / φανος τὰς πατερικὰς ἐξηγούμενος ὀπτασίας , τὴν / ἡμετέραν ἐνέθετει? ἀχρειότητα . Ἑτέραν δὲ μαρ‑ / τυρίαν παρ' ἑτέρου τινὸς ἀξιοπίστου ἀκούσας περὶ / τῆς αὐτῆς ἀγρυπνίας , οὐκ ἀπρεπὲς ἠγησάμην ἀ‑ / κηλέθτως? καὶ αὐτὸ ἀναγράψασθαι . Ἦν τις / παρ' ἡμῖν μοναχός , μέγας ἡσυχαστής , ὀνό‑ / ματι Ἰωσήφ , τὸ γένος Ἐμεσηνός . Ἐγένετο δὲ / οὗτος ἐπίσκοπος θεάρεστος · ἔσχεν δὲ ἀδελφὸν ὀνό‑ / ματι Θεόδουλον , ᾧ? τὴν μοναχικὴν πολιτείαν / ἀμελῆ · οὐκ ἐκαρτέρει γοῦν τὸ παράπαν ἐν μο‑ / ναστηρίῳ , ἀλλὰ χώραν ἐκ χώρας ἤμειβε , καὶ / περιεπλανᾶτο · ἐπεσκέπτετο δὲ πολλάκις τὸν ἑ‑ / αυτῷ? ἀδελφόν , ἡνίκα δὲ διῆγεν ὧδε , πρὶν ἢ / ἐμπιστευθῆναι τὴν ἐπισκοπήν , καὶ λίγας μέρας / παρ' αὐτὸν πονήσας , σχολάζων τῇ ἐκ‑ / κλησίᾳ , πάλιν ἐπανῄει . Οὗτος δὲ ἐπισκεψάμενος πο‑ …}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/655</title>
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| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|ποτε τὸν ἴδιον ἀδελφόν , τὸν ἀββᾶν Ἰωσήφ , καὶ / τὸ σύνηθες ἐσχόλαζε τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ , κα ἅμα / τος πατέρασιν ἐξετέλει τὴν ἀγρυπνίαν . Ὡς δὲ / ἵστατο , διανοούμενος καὶ λέγων πρὸς ἑαυτόν · / Φεῦ , φεῦ τῆς ἐμῆς ματαιότητος ! Οἷόν με τὸν βίον ἀ‑ / σώτως καὶ ἀτάκτως βιῶ , οἰονεί τις ἀγύρτης / καὶ πλανήτης , ἐκ τόπου τόπον ἀμείβων , καὶ / μονῆς ἀνταλλάσσων μονήν , καὶ ἀλόγως ζῶ , / τὸ ἐμν ἀποκτηνώσας νῦν , ἀπαρελλάκτως τῇ / κτηνώδει ὁμοιωθεὶς? ζωῇ · ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐσθ' ὅτε / καὶ τὰ κτήνη ἔχειν τάξιν , καὶ τοπικὴν σχέσιν · / ἐγὼ δὲ μόνον τὸ θεοειδὲς ἀκτῖνα? ἐμαυτὸν ξέ‑ / νον κατέγησα? , ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἀλόγους φύ‑ / σεις ὑπερβάς , οὐκ ἔχω βίου τάξιν , ἀχρει‑ / ώσας τὸ μοναχικὸν σχῆμα . Καὶ ὤφειλον / τότε? τὸν βραχὺν καιρόν , ὃν τ ἀδελφ μου παρε‑ / μένω , νηφόντως τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ σωτηρίας ἐπιμε‑ / λεῖσθαι , μάλιστα παραινέσεσι? καὶ τας ἀδελ‑ / φικαῖς με φωταγωγούσαις? εἰσηγήσεσι καὶ / νουθεσίαις · καρτερήσω καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγρυπνίᾳ / ταύτῃ , καὶ μὴ ἀποστῶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας , ἕως / ἂν ἀπολύσῃ .}}

{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
{{graeca|165 Καὶ ἔτως δρῶν ὑπεραμυνόμενος? , φησί , πολλά‑ / κις ἐπολεμήθην τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐξελθεῖν ἀναγκαίας / ἄνευ σωματικῆς χρείας · ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶξα τῷ δεινῷ / πολεμιστῇ · ἀλλὰ γενναίως ἀντέστην αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ θεο‑ / πρεπεῖ ἀγρυπνίᾳ ἐκείνῃ · ἐπιδιαμενούσης? τῆς δυσ‑ / μαχήτου ὥρας ἐκείνης τῶν ἐπαινετικῶν? ὕμνων τῆς / ἀγίας διαγγελίας καὶ τῆς ἐφεξῆς , ὑπὸ γλυ‑ / κείας? ἠσπάγην? ὕπνου , καὶ βλέπω δύο ἄνδρας / ἀσπροφοροῦντας , οἳ? ὡς? ἱερεῖς? ἐνδεδυμένοι? , / ὧν ὁ μὲν εἶχε πρόχειρον λευκὸν ὡσεὶ χιόνα , καὶ / χειρόμακτρον ὑπὲρ τὸ γάλα λευκότερον · ὁ δὲ / λεβήτιον ὑπέφερεν ἀργυροῦν , ἐκλάμποντα ἀπα‑ / στράπτοντα μαρμαρυγάς , ἀμφότεροι δὲ καὶ πᾶσιν / ἐροῦντες? αὐτοῖς? διϊόντας? ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πα‑ / τέρας προσετέμποντο? νίψασθαι , εἰς μὲν ὑποκρα‑ / τῶν? τὸ λεβήτιον , {{left sidenote|'''C'''}} ὁ δὲ ἄλλος ἐπιδιδὸς ἀ‑ / γλαώτατον χιονῶδες ὕδωρ , φωτὸς ὁσημέραι? αὐγάς · / καὶ μετέπειτα τὸ χειρόμακτρον ὑπομάσσεσθαι? · / Τῶν δὲ πατέρων νιπτομένων , ὅσοι μὲν τῷ σαπρῷ? / καὶ πηλῷ λίγην λίαν ἀπελύετο? , ὅσοι δὲ / τ σμικρῷ πλεῖον · τὸ δὲ χειρόμακτρον / δι' ὅλων ἦλθεν ἄρρυπον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ὑπο‑ / μάξαν? . Ὅτε διερχομένων τῆς ἱερᾶς ἀγρυ‑ / πνίας πληθοῦς? , ἔφθασαν ἕως ἐμοῦ , τ ταλαι‑ / νῷ? κα ῥυπαρ , συνήθει? καὶ πάνυ μετείᾳ? τ / φων ἐφθέγξαντο πρὸς με λέγοντες · Καὶ σὺ / νίψαι ἢ καθαρίσθητι , σπουδαζόμενοι? . Ἐγὼ / δὲ τὰς ἐμὰς μιαραῖς ἐξαπλώσας παλάμας , τῷ / καθαρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπενιψάμην ὕδατι . Ῥύπος δὲ / πολὺς καὶ ἄμετρος , καὶ δυσωδία λίαν ἀφό‑ / ρητος ἀπεπνέετο? ἀπ' ἐμοῦ , ἣν οὐκ ἐξίσχυον / φέρειν ἀμογητί · ἐξεφαίνετο γάρ μοι ἅπας ὁ / ναὸς ἐσκοτασμένος , καὶ δυσωδίας ἀνάμεσος . Ἐ‑ / πὶ τούτοις δὲ ἐξυπνισθείς , ἅμα ἐκθαμβὸς ἐ‑ / γενόμην καὶ ἔντρομος , δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν , τὸν / μόνον ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας . Ταῦτα / μὲν δὴ ὅδε? ὁ ἀββᾶς Θεόδουλος ἡμῖν διηγήσα‑ / το . Ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον ἐπανέλθωμεν , / πρὸς τὸ πέρας τὸν σκοπὸν ἐλαύνοντες .}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
aliquando fratrem suum, patrem Josephum, ad templum pro more conferebat sese, &amp; vigiliis intererat una cum patribus: cum istic staret, meditabundus ita secum arguit; Heu, heu vanitatem meam! Vitam omnem pro libidine atque inordinate traduco; de loco in locum, de monasterio in monasterium, instar circumforanei cujusdam aut vagabundi, transcurrens; nec ratione ducor, sed brutescente ingenio, inemendabilem pecudum vitam refero: imo pecudes certum non numquam agendi modum, &amp; affixum locis quibusdam servant affectum; ego verò non modo à divinæ lucis radio in diversa procul abii, sed carentes etiam ratione prætergressus naturas, nihil habeo in vita stabile, monasticam ita, quam præfero, formam dehonestans. Et debui certe antehac vel tantisper, dum apud fratrem meum subsisto, sedulam inire salutis meæ rationem, hortantibus maximè facemque præferentibus fraternis &amp; exemplis &amp; monitis. Enimvero in hac pervigilatione certum est mihi modo perseverare, nec pedem, donec ei finis impositus fuerit, ab ecclesia dimovere. {{right sidenote|'''E'''}}

{{right sidenote|''&amp; fortiter perseverans videt Angelos abluendis manibus aquam ministrare.''}}165 Postquam vero sic agere statuisset, inquit, inductus persæpe fui, ut templo, nulla id exigente corporis necessitate, egrederer; non cessi tamen molesto adversario, sed ei in sacro illo pervigilio, ingenti animo restiti: elapsâ autem horâ illâ, quam perdurare tam difficile est, cum hymni canuntur sancto Evangelio prævii, &amp; quæ sequuntur {{right sidenote|'''g'''}}, dulci somno corripior; ac video duos quosdam, alba deferentes vestimenta, excurrere de sacrario; quorum alter aqualem nivis instar album, ac mantile gestabat lacte candidius; alter vero argenteam ferebat pelvim, fulgidos emittentem radios; uterque autem patres, qui in ecclesia tum erant, successive juxta ordinem {{right sidenote|'''b'''}} procedens hortabatur ad lavandum, unus quidem sustentans pelvim, alius vero limpidissimam, niveam, ac relucentem aquam, ac deinde mantile, quo se abstergent, porrigens. {{right sidenote|'''F'''}}Dum lavant patres, hic perexiguum quod erat inquinamenti ac sordium eluebat, ille aliquanto amplius: mantile autem, ut manus illo suas terserant, mundum fiebat totum. Quando sacram vigilantium multitudinem jam adierant, ad me usque miserum ac sordidum venientes, subtristi ac demissâ voce alloquuntur, hortanturque dicentes: Lava etiam tu, ac te expurga. Tum ego impuras extendens manus in aquam illam mundam immisi; ac sordes plurimas atque immodicas, &amp; fœtorem tam gravem expui, ut ferre ipse vix possem: videbatur enim mihi totum templum graveolenti exhalatione plenum obscurari. Subinde expergiscens ingenti metu ac pavore cutiebar, Dei gloriam prædicans, cujus unius est peccata dimittere. Atque hæc quidem retulit nobis pater ille Theodulus. Sed ad rem redeamus, &amp; institutum prosequamur ad finem.
|}
'''A N N O T A T A D. P.''' (курсив — по оригиналу)
''a Vulgata fraudulentè vertit: LXX verò sic.''
''b In Segueriano Ms. codice hæc antiqua nota apponebatur in margine:'' Ὡς? τῶν θεοπνέων τῶν ἀχραντιῶν τῶν πεπλημένων ὅτι? ὧδε σάββατον ἕως πρώτων ὥραν? Κυριακῆς εἰς τὸ ἅγ. ἀνάστασιν, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγ. Βεθλεέμ, καὶ εἰς τὴν Λαύραν τοῦ ἁγ. Σάββα, καὶ το ἁγ. Χαρίτωνος, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγ. Γεωργίου εἰς Λύδδας: ''Quæ (insuper habita scriptoris in commutandis ineptè casibus oscitantiâ) ita latine sonant:''&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|ποτε τὸν ἴδιον ἀδελφόν , τὸν ἀββᾶν Ἰωσήφ , καὶ / τὸ σύνηθες ἐσχόλαζε τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ , κα ἅμα / τος πατέρασιν ἐξετέλει τὴν ἀγρυπνίαν . Ὡς δὲ / ἵστατο , διανοούμενος καὶ λέγων πρὸς ἑαυτόν · / Φεῦ , φεῦ τῆς ἐμῆς ματαιότητος ! Οἷόν με τὸν βίον ἀ‑ / σώτως καὶ ἀτάκτως βιῶ , οἰονεί τις ἀγύρτης / καὶ πλανήτης , ἐκ τόπου τόπον ἀμείβων , καὶ / μονῆς ἀνταλλάσσων μονήν , καὶ ἀλόγως ζῶ , / τὸ ἐμν ἀποκτηνώσας νῦν , ἀπαρελλάκτως τῇ / κτηνώδει ὁμοιωθεὶς? ζωῇ · ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐσθ' ὅτε / καὶ τὰ κτήνη ἔχειν τάξιν , καὶ τοπικὴν σχέσιν · / ἐγὼ δὲ μόνον τὸ θεοειδὲς ἀκτῖνα? ἐμαυτὸν ξέ‑ / νον κατέγησα? , ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἀλόγους φύ‑ / σεις ὑπερβάς , οὐκ ἔχω βίου τάξιν , ἀχρει‑ / ώσας τὸ μοναχικὸν σχῆμα . Καὶ ὤφειλον / τότε? τὸν βραχὺν καιρόν , ὃν τ ἀδελφ μου παρε‑ / μένω , νηφόντως τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ σωτηρίας ἐπιμε‑ / λεῖσθαι , μάλιστα παραινέσεσι? καὶ τας ἀδελ‑ / φικαῖς με φωταγωγούσαις? εἰσηγήσεσι καὶ / νουθεσίαις · καρτερήσω καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγρυπνίᾳ / ταύτῃ , καὶ μὴ ἀποστῶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας , ἕως / ἂν ἀπολύσῃ .}}

{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
{{graeca|165 Καὶ ἔτως δρῶν ὑπεραμυνόμενος? , φησί , πολλά‑ / κις ἐπολεμήθην τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐξελθεῖν ἀναγκαίας / ἄνευ σωματικῆς χρείας · ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶξα τῷ δεινῷ / πολεμιστῇ · ἀλλὰ γενναίως ἀντέστην αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ θεο‑ / πρεπεῖ ἀγρυπνίᾳ ἐκείνῃ · ἐπιδιαμενούσης? τῆς δυσ‑ / μαχήτου ὥρας ἐκείνης τῶν ἐπαινετικῶν? ὕμνων τῆς / ἀγίας διαγγελίας καὶ τῆς ἐφεξῆς , ὑπὸ γλυ‑ / κείας? ἠσπάγην? ὕπνου , καὶ βλέπω δύο ἄνδρας / ἀσπροφοροῦντας , οἳ? ὡς? ἱερεῖς? ἐνδεδυμένοι? , / ὧν ὁ μὲν εἶχε πρόχειρον λευκὸν ὡσεὶ χιόνα , καὶ / χειρόμακτρον ὑπὲρ τὸ γάλα λευκότερον · ὁ δὲ / λεβήτιον ὑπέφερεν ἀργυροῦν , ἐκλάμποντα ἀπα‑ / στράπτοντα μαρμαρυγάς , ἀμφότεροι δὲ καὶ πᾶσιν / ἐροῦντες? αὐτοῖς? διϊόντας? ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πα‑ / τέρας προσετέμποντο? νίψασθαι , εἰς μὲν ὑποκρα‑ / τῶν? τὸ λεβήτιον , {{left sidenote|'''C'''}} ὁ δὲ ἄλλος ἐπιδιδὸς ἀ‑ / γλαώτατον χιονῶδες ὕδωρ , φωτὸς ὁσημέραι? αὐγάς · / καὶ μετέπειτα τὸ χειρόμακτρον ὑπομάσσεσθαι? · / Τῶν δὲ πατέρων νιπτομένων , ὅσοι μὲν τῷ σαπρῷ? / καὶ πηλῷ λίγην λίαν ἀπελύετο? , ὅσοι δὲ / τ σμικρῷ πλεῖον · τὸ δὲ χειρόμακτρον / δι' ὅλων ἦλθεν ἄρρυπον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ὑπο‑ / μάξαν? . Ὅτε διερχομένων τῆς ἱερᾶς ἀγρυ‑ / πνίας πληθοῦς? , ἔφθασαν ἕως ἐμοῦ , τ ταλαι‑ / νῷ? κα ῥυπαρ , συνήθει? καὶ πάνυ μετείᾳ? τ / φων ἐφθέγξαντο πρὸς με λέγοντες · Καὶ σὺ / νίψαι ἢ καθαρίσθητι , σπουδαζόμενοι? . Ἐγὼ / δὲ τὰς ἐμὰς μιαραῖς ἐξαπλώσας παλάμας , τῷ / καθαρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπενιψάμην ὕδατι . Ῥύπος δὲ / πολὺς καὶ ἄμετρος , καὶ δυσωδία λίαν ἀφό‑ / ρητος ἀπεπνέετο? ἀπ' ἐμοῦ , ἣν οὐκ ἐξίσχυον / φέρειν ἀμογητί · ἐξεφαίνετο γάρ μοι ἅπας ὁ / ναὸς ἐσκοτασμένος , καὶ δυσωδίας ἀνάμεσος . Ἐ‑ / πὶ τούτοις δὲ ἐξυπνισθείς , ἅμα ἐκθαμβὸς ἐ‑ / γενόμην καὶ ἔντρομος , δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν , τὸν / μόνον ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας . Ταῦτα / μὲν δὴ ὅδε? ὁ ἀββᾶς Θεόδουλος ἡμῖν διηγήσα‑ / το . Ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον ἐπανέλθωμεν , / πρὸς τὸ πέρας τὸν σκοπὸν ἐλαύνοντες .}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
aliquando fratrem suum, patrem Josephum, ad templum pro more conferebat sese, &amp; vigiliis intererat una cum patribus: cum istic staret, meditabundus ita secum arguit; Heu, heu vanitatem meam! Vitam omnem pro libidine atque inordinate traduco; de loco in locum, de monasterio in monasterium, instar circumforanei cujusdam aut vagabundi, transcurrens; nec ratione ducor, sed brutescente ingenio, inemendabilem pecudum vitam refero: imo pecudes certum non numquam agendi modum, &amp; affixum locis quibusdam servant affectum; ego verò non modo à divinæ lucis radio in diversa procul abii, sed carentes etiam ratione prætergressus naturas, nihil habeo in vita stabile, monasticam ita, quam præfero, formam dehonestans. Et debui certe antehac vel tantisper, dum apud fratrem meum subsisto, sedulam inire salutis meæ rationem, hortantibus maximè facemque præferentibus fraternis &amp; exemplis &amp; monitis. Enimvero in hac pervigilatione certum est mihi modo perseverare, nec pedem, donec ei finis impositus fuerit, ab ecclesia dimovere. {{right sidenote|'''E'''}}

{{right sidenote|''&amp; fortiter perseverans videt Angelos abluendis manibus aquam ministrare.''}}165 Postquam vero sic agere statuisset, inquit, inductus persæpe fui, ut templo, nulla id exigente corporis necessitate, egrederer; non cessi tamen molesto adversario, sed ei in sacro illo pervigilio, ingenti animo restiti: elapsâ autem horâ illâ, quam perdurare tam difficile est, cum hymni canuntur sancto Evangelio prævii, &amp; quæ sequuntur {{right sidenote|'''g'''}}, dulci somno corripior; ac video duos quosdam, alba deferentes vestimenta, excurrere de sacrario; quorum alter aqualem nivis instar album, ac mantile gestabat lacte candidius; alter vero argenteam ferebat pelvim, fulgidos emittentem radios; uterque autem patres, qui in ecclesia tum erant, successive juxta ordinem {{right sidenote|'''b'''}} procedens hortabatur ad lavandum, unus quidem sustentans pelvim, alius vero limpidissimam, niveam, ac relucentem aquam, ac deinde mantile, quo se abstergent, porrigens. {{right sidenote|'''F'''}}Dum lavant patres, hic perexiguum quod erat inquinamenti ac sordium eluebat, ille aliquanto amplius: mantile autem, ut manus illo suas terserant, mundum fiebat totum. Quando sacram vigilantium multitudinem jam adierant, ad me usque miserum ac sordidum venientes, subtristi ac demissâ voce alloquuntur, hortanturque dicentes: Lava etiam tu, ac te expurga. Tum ego impuras extendens manus in aquam illam mundam immisi; ac sordes plurimas atque immodicas, &amp; fœtorem tam gravem expui, ut ferre ipse vix possem: videbatur enim mihi totum templum graveolenti exhalatione plenum obscurari. Subinde expergiscens ingenti metu ac pavore cutiebar, Dei gloriam prædicans, cujus unius est peccata dimittere. Atque hæc quidem retulit nobis pater ille Theodulus. Sed ad rem redeamus, &amp; institutum prosequamur ad finem.
|}

{{center|'''A N N O T A T A D. P.'''}}

''a Vulgata fraudulentè vertit: LXX verò sic.''

''b In Segueriano Ms. codice hæc antiqua nota apponebatur in margine:'' Ὡς? τῶν θεοπνέων τῶν ἀχραντιῶν τῶν πεπλημένων ὅτι? ὧδε σάββατον ἕως πρώτων ὥραν? Κυριακῆς εἰς τὸ ἅγ. ἀνάστασιν, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγ. Βεθλεέμ, καὶ εἰς τὴν Λαύραν τοῦ ἁγ. Σάββα, καὶ το ἁγ. Χαρίτωνος, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγ. Γεωργίου εἰς Λύδδας: ''Quæ (insuper habita scriptoris in commutandis ineptè casibus oscitantiâ) ita latine sonant:''&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b4qku9urwg8drotht3xzmmt6z7h9mit</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/656</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84799</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:24:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LihachevAnthon1971</username>
        <id>32937</id>
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      <comment>graeca + latina</comment>
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      <text bytes="3783" sha1="9r01fxjy12g7ivn38fhzhc9ubzq5x5c" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;LihachevAnthon1971&quot; /&gt;__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{left sidenote|'''A. LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.'''}}{{right sidenote|'''D'''}}''nant: De divino ordine Vigiliarum, quæ celebrantur à vespera sabbati usque in primam horam diei Dominicæ tam in sancta Resurrectione, sanctaque Bethlehem, quam in Lauris S. Sabæ, &amp; Charitonis, &amp; in S. Georgii æde Lyddæ.''

''c Græcè {{graeca|περὶ τῶν ᾠδῶν ἐν ταῖς ὥραις τῶν ἐπακουσῶν τῷ ἁγίῳ Εὐαγγελίῳ}}. De his intelligendus Symeon Metropolita Thessalonicensis in expositione Missæ insertus Euchologio Goariano à pag. 212: {{graeca|Πρὸ δὲ Εὐαγγελίου? ἢ τὸ Ἀλληλούϊα ὑμνῶν · ὁ δὲ αἶνος? Θεῷ ἢ ἐπιδημίαν δηλοῖ θείας χάριτος , ἥτις ἐστὶν ἡ το Εὐαγγελίου ἀνάγνωσις .}} Ante Euangelium autem Alleluja hymnus decantatur; quod laudem Dei, divinæque gratiæ adventum, quæ Euangelii lectio est, nobis insinuat. Hic autem hymnus Alleluja dictus, quod hæc ei vox præmittatur, ut tempore Paschali in Ecclesia Latina loco Gradualis: imo non videtur diversus à canticis Graduum, quæ Philotheo in sacri mysterii Ordine ἀνάβαθμοι vocantur, id est, ascensus: cantanturque ante Euangelium, itidem ut Graduale cum sua sequentia apud Latinos, inserto identidem Alleluja distinctum. De iisdem hymnis iterum agitur num. 165; dicunturque {{graeca|ὑπακουστικοὶ ὕμνοι}}, &amp; fortassis hic quoque pro {{graeca|ἐπακουσῶν}}, {{graeca|ὑπακουστικῶν}} legendum fuerat.''

''d Id est inter Horas Officii diurni, post decantatam Primam fortasse &amp; Tertiam; ut expressè docet Joannes Claudiæ Metropolita apud Allatium, ubi de Missa Præsanctificatorum: His nos præceptis muniti, sabbato &amp; Dominica sacrum facimus tertiâ diei horâ, cum in divinos Apostolos Spiritus sanctus descendit: proptereaque illis diebus offerentes munera sanctificamus, ex quibus postea per universam hebdomadem abunde nobis est: &amp; sextâ hora cum absolverimus omnes Dei laudes in fine Lychnici, recitatis à Magno Basilio præscriptis precibus, elevamus sancta, dicentes: Attento animo simus. Præsanctificata sancta sanctis: &amp; hoc modo finem accipit ordo sacrorum ministeriorum. {{left sidenote|'''B'''}}{{right sidenote|'''E'''}}Joanni consonat Nicetas Pectoratus citatus ibidem: uterque, quia Ecclesiam Latinam redarguit; quasi jejuniorum rigorem solvat Sacrificii perfecti oblatione quotidianâ, merito explodendus: quos ibi ex ipsis Ecclesiæ suæ ritibus auctoribusque videre licet refutatos.''

''e Panis aut cujuscumque alterius cibi benedicti particulas: sed panis in templo ordinarius usus, peracto sacrificio solitis inter præsentes distribui: de quo iisque eulogiis, quas à se benedictas monachi consueverant visitantibus se tribuere, panis, olei, salis &amp;c. frequens in Sanctorum Actis hactenus editis memoria reperitur.''

''f Emesa Ptolomæo, Plinio Emesa, Turcis hodie Ems dicitur, Syriæ urbs, non Phœnicia; nisi latius accipiendo Phœniciæ nomen, sic ut Syriam, cujus ipsa pars nobilior notiorque, quia maritima, complectatur: atque ita accipienda est in memoria S. Sylvani episcopi &amp; martyris ad diem 6 Februarii ex Eusebio, quem sequitur Galesinus, Baronius, aliique, Emesæ Phœniciæ urbe. De hac etiam urbe meminimus novissimè tomo 3 Julii in Annotatis ad Vitam S. Symeonis Sali cap. 1, lit. g.''

''g Vide dicta superius lit. c.''

''h {{graeca|Ὀρδίνως}} barbarè, id est juxta ordinem.''

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}{{center|'''C A P U T XIV.'''}} {{right sidenote|'''F'''}}

{{center|''Officia in proximum; summa exhortationum ejus; &amp; commiseratio maxima etiam erga bruta animantia, atque adeo insecta vilissima.''}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9r01fxjy12g7ivn38fhzhc9ubzq5x5c</sha1>
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  <page>
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    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84801</id>
    <revision>
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        <id>32937</id>
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      <comment>graeca + latina</comment>
      <origin>276902</origin>
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| {{right sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|ἐντύξαι λόγος, ἐνέπτη ες τέρας χρή‑ / σεως σεβασμιωτάτῳ Πατέρων ἁγίων, / λέγων οὕτως·}}
167 {{graeca|Ὁ πενθν ἑαυτόν, ἀκηδίαν οὐκ οἶδεν· / ἐν καιρῷ γὰρ ἀκηδίας οἱ βιασαὶ σεφανοῦνται· / οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως σέφανον σεβέσειν, ὡς ἀκηδία / μοναχ ἑαυτὸν βιαζομένῳ. μεριμνήσας ἐξο‑ / δοῦν ψυχς τῆς ἑαυτῆς, μινυθίζεται κόσμον, ἢ / ς σκύβαλα ἡγεῖται αὐτόν. Μακάριοι μονα‑ / χοί, ς πάσας ἀτιμίας ἐξουδενώσεις αυτὸν / ἀξίον λογιζέται. Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοντες θλί‑ / ψεις, καὶ διψῶντες ἀληθείας, ὅτι κορεσθήσονται / τευχῆς ἀκρεσίας. Ἀνρ σιωπητικὸς φιλοσοφίας / υἱός· δὲ γλωσσώδης οὐ κατευθυνθήσεται ἐπὶ / τῆς γς. Ὁ ἐπιγνῶς παρεμπώματα, ἐκμάπτει / σε γλώσσης· δὲ πολύλογος οὐκ ἐκφεύξεται ἀ‑ / μαρτίας. Ἀκούσατέ με, ἀκούσατε, πάντες οἱ κακοί, / οἱ τὰ ἀκάθαρτα λογιζόμενοι πλημμελήματα· / Εἰ ἀληθές, ὡς ἐστὶν ἀληθές, ὅτι ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ / μετρέσετε, ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμν· ὡς γὰρ ἐλεοῦ‑ / μεν, ἐλεηθήσομεθα, ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε, / κριθήσεσθε· πάντως ἐν οἷς μεμεμψάμεθα τὸν / πλησίον, ἐν αὐτος ὀπτευσόμεθα, ἐξ ἀλλων. / οὐκ ἔστιν, εἴτε σωματικοῖς, εἴτε ψυχικοῖς· / αὐτὸ γὰρ τὸ πάθος πάρεστιν, ἐν ᾧ τὸν πλησίον / καταλαμβάνει.}}

{{right sidenote|'''B'''}}
168 {{graeca|Κόρος βρωμάτων πορνείας μήτηρ, ἐγκρά‑ / τεια ἢ κοιλίας ἀγνείας μήτηρ. μετὰ γαστρι‑ / μαρχίας καὶ νηστείας πορνείας δαίμονα νι‑ / κήσαι φιλονεικῶν, ὅμοιός ἐστι τ μὲ ἐλαίῳ σβεννύοντι / ἐμπυρεύματόν. Φεύγειν ἰχθὺς ἄγκιστρον, ἢ φιληδονίας / ψυχὴ ἀπερρέχεται ἡσυχίαν. Μ παρόντος Φω‑ / τός, τὰ πάντα σκοτώδη, καὶ μ παρούσης / ταπεινοφροσύνης τῷ μοναχῷ, τότε ἡ ἀσκη‑ / σις ματαιότης γίνεται. Ὁ τοῦ ἑαυτ πεποιθενω‑ / κς, ὑπὸ χρελῶν ἐκκαθεῖσται· ὃ γὰρ οὐκ / ἔχει θησαυρός, οὐκ ἐκφέρει ἡ θύρα. Ἐφ' / ὅσον ἡ ἐξουδία τς ἀκολουθίας ἐς φιλικὰς ἐμ‑ / φυλάσσει ἐν καρδίᾳ μοναχός, ὀσμὴ μύρων ἀ‑ / γνείας οὐκ εὐωδιάζεται. Τί ἐστι γαστριμαργία; / Πορνείας μήτηρ· ὕλη διανοίας, ύπος σώμα‑ / τος. Τί ἐγκράτεια; Γαστρὸς χαλινός, ψυ‑ / χῆς ἀνάψυξις, ἄσμας πολιτευμα. Τί πορνεία; / Λαμπραρίας πύρκα, ἀναίσθων λογισμός, ἀπηγώ‑ / στας ὁδηγός, ἢ καταγινώσκει χηρεσχωρός. Τί ἐστι / σωφροσύνη; Ἀνδρείας στήλη, αἰσχρῶν λογισμν πε‑ / ιτομή, ργων ἐνεργή, καὶ ἐγκρατείας συνεργός, / ἢ ἀκέραιος σεφροσύνη. Τί φιλαργυρεία; Εἰδω‑ / λων φιλία, ἀνδρείας μανία, πολυμέριμνος κακία.}}

{{right sidenote|'''C'''}}
169 {{graeca|Τί ἀκτημοσύνη; Φιλαργυρίας ἐκρίζωμα, / ἀνεπίφθονος θησαυρός, ὀξύδρομος ἀ‑ / γωνιστής, ἀμέριμνος βίος. Τί ἐστι λύπη; / Ἀκηδίας σύμφυτος, αἰσχρῶν λογισμν κρα‑ / τήρ, σκώληξ σαρκός. Τί χαρά; Λύπης / ὀλεθρεία, ἱλαρότητος ἄφεσις, ψαλμῳ‑ / δίας ἀγαλλίαμα. Τί ἐστιν ὀργή; Νόσος γλώτ‑ / της, πυρετὸς βράσεων, ὕβρεων δοχεῖον, / μήτηρ θηρίων ἰοβόλων. Τί πάλιν ἀκηδία; / Ἀτονία νοὸς, ψαλμῳδίας μῖσος, τόπων ἐκ / τόπων μετάβασις. Τί πομονή; Ἀκηδίας δια‑ / κοπή, θανάτου μέριμνα, σταυροῦ μελέτημα, / καθηλωμένος πόθος, τυπόμενος χρυσός. Τί / κενοδοξία; Συντυχίας φαντασία, ἐπαίνων δου‑ / λεία, πολυχημάτιστος βασκανία. Τί μακρο‑ / θυμία; Φρονήσεως ὅπλον, σαγήνη ἀχείμαστος, / λιμὴν σωτηρίας, ἐλπιζομένων σοπτρον, / κακουχουμένων βραβεῖον. Τί πάλιν ἡ ἐπι‑ / φάνεια; Πολύμορφος φαντασία, ἄλυσις τῶν κακῶν, / τὸ τριφάρμακον κέρας τν παθῶν, / καταλαλιᾶς ίζα. Τί ἐστι πλεονεξία;}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
ta ejus praeclara exciperem, ad sententias alias ex sanctis Patribus depromendas conversus ita prosequebatur: {{right sidenote|''cohortans ad diligentiam, silentium, neminem judicandum,''}}

167 Qui semetipsum deflet, nescit acediam; nam qui, illa obrepente, vim sibi inferunt, coronabuntur: neque enim aliud quidquam tam insignes coronas deproperat, quam accedia monacho secum ipso luctanti. Mundum odit, habetque pro stercore, cuicumque animae suae exitus curae est. Beatus monachus, cum se omni dedecore &amp; contemptu dignum reputaverit. Beati, qui afflictiones efuriunt, sitiuntque contumelias; quia deliciis saturabuntur inexplebilibus. Vir taciturnus, filius sapientiae; vir autem linguosus non dirigetur in terra. Linguam frenare didicit, qui ejus prolapiones intelligit: multiloquio vero non effugiet peccata. Audite me, audite, improbi omnes, qui in delicta inquiretis aliena: si verum est illud, ut est verissimum, quod in qua mensura mensi fueritis, remetietur vobis (nam prout misericordes fueritis, misericordiam consequemur: &amp; quo judicio judicaveritis, judicabimini) omnino in quibus proximum carpsimus, in eadem incidemus; neque fieri aliter potest sive in corporalibus, sive in iis quae ad spiritum pertinent: idem etenim vitium incurrunt, in quo proximum condemnant. {{right sidenote|'''E'''}}

168 Ciborum satietas, mater est impudicitiae; continentia vero ventris, mater est castitatis. Qui gulae deditus &amp; abdomini fornicationis spiritum nititur expugnare, ei similis est, qui oleo incendium conatur extinguere. Piscis hamum vitat, &amp; anima libidinosa fugit requiem. Si lumen deficit, obscura sunt omnia; si monacho desit humilitas, omnis ejus labor est vanitas. Non spoliatur à labiis, qui in animo fuerit humilis: nam quod thesaurus non continet, janua non profert. Quamdiu in corde monachi amicè fovetur foetor libidinis, tamdiu non redolebit fragrantia unguenti castitatis. Quid est voluptas abdominis? Mater luxuriae, faex mentis, inquinamentum corporis: Quid temperantia? Ventris frenum, animi recreatio, administratio sanctitatis. Quid impuritas? Foetus intemperantiae, mentis obtusio, dux desperationis, damnationis manuductrix. Quid est sobrietas? Columna fortitudinis, cogitationum turpium circumcisio, operum efficacia, adminiculum continentiae, oratio perpetua. Quid avaritia? Idolorum servitus, furor insatiabilis, anxia miseria. {{right sidenote|'''F'''}}

169 Quid est paupertas? Avaritiae extirpatio, tutus ab invidia thesaurus, pugil expeditus, vita sine curis. Quid tristitia? Cognata pigritiae, cogitationum obscenarum crater, vermis corporis. Quid laetitia? Exitium tristitiae, honestum hilaritatis gaudium, exultatio psalmodiae. Quid est ira? Morbus linguae, febris ardens, receptaculum convitiorum, mater serpentium venena vibrantium. Quid rursus acedia? Languor mentis, aversatio psalmodiae, de loco in locum discursio. Quid patientia? Torporis intercisio, cura mortis, crucis meditatio, affectus crucifixus, aurum percussum. Quid vana gloria? Prosperitatis imaginatio, laudum servitus, fascinatio multiformis. Quid aequanimitas? Armatura prudentiae, sagena sine tempestate, salutis portus, speratorum bonorum speculum, praemium afflictorum. Quid iterum splendor &amp; excelsa conditio? Phantasiae illusio multiplex, catena malorum, poculum passionum venenosissimum, radix obtrectationis. Quid amor habendi?

Julii Tomus III. &amp;nbsp; Gggg 2 &amp;nbsp; Vas&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/658</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84802</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:31:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LihachevAnthon1971</username>
        <id>32937</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>graeca + latina</comment>
      <origin>276903</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9453" sha1="7u3h8w3jcwky17o13jnsfrm7mq6afde" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;LihachevAnthon1971&quot; /&gt;__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;{|
| {{left sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
Vas contentionis, veritatis inimicus, hoſtis caritatis, moles inſatiata curarum, animi infoleſcentis elatio.

{{left sidenote|''ac viſionem approbatam fugam:''}}
170 Bonæ ſunt virtutum divitiæ, fratres; peccatum autem fallax; neque aliter eſſe poteſt. Vita incorporeorum ſpirituum perpetuo viret. Monachus mitis ac patiens immortalita coæquetur. Aër quidem alit corpora, at ſenſatos virtus. Principium boni operis, noviſſe Dominum. In cientia commorare, &amp; ſic propior Deo. Virtus prudens conſiſtit, imprudens diſſolvitur. Nihil in vita ſolidum, præter animæ lucrum; Animæ vero lucrum, pietas erga Deum. Tribunal judicum ſtultos interrogat, cordatos autem, etiam abſentes, laudat. Vita hominis apparet in morte ejus; nam ante mortem nihil eſt in vita ſtabile. Suade pacifica, &amp; bella refugientes. Ex tranſlatione doloris naſcitur homini riſus; riſui autem ſtultorum miſcetur diſſolutio. Eſto ſemper benignus, &amp; vitabilis obloquia. Expende verba tua accurato examine, &amp; vitam tuam ne committito feræ pœnitentiæ. Genus liberorum amplectitur requiem: nam vir immodice dives obruitur negotiis. Fugito lites, etiam cum à te ſteterit juſtitia: non enim tantum lucri exilit, quantum damni. Convitiantem abſurditas, gloria debet eſſe philoſophantium. Regni cæleſtis diſcipuli ſemper opus habeant tantillis progreſſibus, donec firmas in Dei timore radices egerint.{{left sidenote|''&amp; anctorum Patrum imitationem; e quibus unum novis ſpirituum diſcrimine,'''}}

171 Hæc aliaque plura anctus Stephanus differebat, productis imitatione dignis Patrum exemplis, inculcans nobis ac dicens: muli eſtote ſemper, filii cariſſimi, virorum virtutibus illuſtrium: viros etenim vidi cæleſti quadam mente præditos, cum quibus utinam partem una vobiſcum habeam ac fortem in regno cælorum! nam memini etiamnum divinam illorum vivendi rationem, ſeveritatem, agendi modum ſuavem, pauperem, humilem: atque ita prudenti quadam agitatus inſania in amorem rapior imitationis ipſorum, meoſque mecum ſtudeo in eundem pertrahere: præcellentes enim erant eremitæ, aſcetæ, homines Dei. Vidi &amp; alios in monateriis, ſed pleroſque in Maxima noſtra Laura, nihilo hiſce, ſi vitam pectes, inferiores, quos inter duo quidam erant admiratione præ ceteris ac præconio digni: &amp; eorum primus quidem ex ſolo intuitu ſtatum converſationemque hominis penetranti acie introſpiciebat: æpe enim, cum a patribus Lauræ tamquam ſingulari veneratione ſpectabilis, ſalutaretur, quos quidem negligere alutem ſuam maleque vitam inſtituere mentis oculis obſervabat, auſterè ac duriter averſabatur; rogatuſque ab iis, pro e ut oraret, hæc reponebat: Orent pro vobis actiones veſtræ; quia nihil vobis proderunt preces meæ, quando refragantur opera veſtra; vobiſmet ipſis porro proſpicite. Quos autem contra juxta Dei voluntatem recte vivere animadvertebat &amp; converſari, illos viciſſim benigne reſalutans, animabat dicens: Optimè, optimè ſtetiſtis: ceterum videte, ne cadatis; perſeverate uſque in finem, ut ſalvi ſitis: nam qui perſeveraverit uſque in finem, hic alvus erit. Deus autem univerſorum vos confirmet, ac gratiam, &amp; in omni bono opere perſeverantiam largiatur.{{left sidenote|''alterum præcognita morte tranquilliſſiméque uſcepta celebrem'''}}

172 Alter vero ex duobus illis erat ſenex egregius omnino ac mirabilis: hic enim, cum ſuam ex hac vita migrationem præſciret, triduo
| {{right sidenote|'''D'''}}
{{graeca|Αἰσχρὸν φιλονεικίας, ἀληθείας ἐναντία, ἀγάπης ἐχθρὸς, πολυπραγμοσύνης ἀσπλησία, ἀλαζονία ψυχῆς.}}

{{right sidenote|'''E'''}}
{{graeca|170 Ἀγαθὸς ὁ πλοῦτος τῶν ἀρετῶν, ἀδελφοί·
σφαλερὰ ἡ ἁμαρτία, καὶ ἄλλως οὐκ ἔστιν.
Ἀειθαλὴς ὁ βίος τῶν ἀσωμάτων.
Πραΰς καὶ ἀνεξίκακος μοναχὸς ἐπιτεύξεται τῶν ἀκηράτων.
Ἀὴρ μὲν σώματα τρέφει, συνετοὺς δὲ ἡ ἀρετή.
Ἀρχὴ πράξεως ἀγαθῆς, τὸ γνῶναι τὸν Κύριον.
Αὔλιζε ἐν τῇ γνώσει, καὶ πλησιάσεις Θεῷ.
Ἀρετὴ ἔμφρων συνίσταται, ἄφρων δὲ καταλύεται.
Βέβαιον οὐδὲν ἐν βίῳ, εἰ μὴ τὸ τς ψυχς κέρδος.
Κέρδος μὲν ψυχῆς εὐσέβεια εἰς Θεόν.
Βῆμα δικαστῶν ἐτάζει τοὺς ἄφρονας, συνετοὺς δὲ καὶ ἀπόντας δοξάζει.
Βίος ἀνθρώπου ἐν τελευτῇ αὑτοῦ δείκνυται, ⊠⊠ μὲν τελευτῆς οὐδὲν ⊠⊠⊠⊠ ἐν βί.
Βουλεύου εἰρηνικά, ἢ σβέσεις τὰ πολεμικά.
Γέλως ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκ μεταφορᾶς πένθους· ἐν γέλωτι δὲ ἀσυνέτων μέμικται παρανομία.
Γενοῦ φίλος διαπαντός, ἢ φεύξῃ κατηγορίαν.
Γενοῦ δὲ ἀκριβὴς ἐν γλώσσῃ σου, ἢ οὐ δῷς τὸν βίον σου εἰς ὑστεροβουλίαν.
Γένος ἐλευθέρων ἡσυχίαν ἀσπάζεται· βάλλει γὰρ πράγμασιν ἀνὴρ ἀπειράγαθος.
Δίκας φεῦγε, κἂν τὸ δίκαιον ἔχῃς· οὐ γὰρ τόσον τὸ κέρδος, ὅσον ἡ ζημία.
Δόξα φιλοσοφούντων, ἢ τῶν καθυβριζόντων πέφυκεν ἀπαιδευσία.
Οἱ μαθητευόμενοι τῇ βασιλείᾳ τν οὐρανῶν, πάντοτε χρήσονται ὀλίγων τῶν προοδευκότων, ἕως ἂν ῥιζωθῶσιν εἰς τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ.}}

{{right sidenote|'''F'''}}
{{graeca|171 Ταῦτα δὲ κα πλείονα τούτων προσ-
ἔφερε ὁ ἅγιος Στέφανος, ὑποδεικνύων βίους
πατέρων ἀξιομιμήτους, ἐγκελευόμενος ἡμῖν, ἢ
λέγων· Ζηλωταὶ ἀε γίνεσθε, ἀγαπητὰ τέκνα, τῶν
ἐναρέτων ἀνδρῶν· ἄνδρας γὰρ ἐρανόφρονας ἐθεα-
σάμην, μεθ' ὧν ὑμῖν ἅμα σχοίην μερίδα
καὶ κλῆρον ἐν τῇ τῶν ἐρανῶν βασιλείᾳ· Μέ-
μνημαι γὰρ τῆς ἐνθὲς ἐκείνων πολιτείας, καὶ
σεμνότητος, ἤθη τε πρᾶος, καὶ ἀκτήμονος
καὶ ταπεινόφρονος· καὶ ἅτω σώφρονί τινι
μανίᾳ πρς ἔρωτα τῆς μιμήσεως ⊠ βί αὐ-
τῶν ἐλαυνόμενος φέρομαι, καὶ σὺν ἐμοὶ σπεύ-
δω τοὺς ἐμοὺς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐφελκύσασθαι. Με-
γάλοι γὰρ ἦσαν ἐρημίται, καὶ ἀσκηταὶ, καὶ
ἄνθρωποι τοῦ Θεοῦ. Καὶ ἐν τοῖς μοναστηρίοις ἄλ-
λους εἶδον τούτων οὐκ ἐλάττονας τὴν πολιτείαν· τοὺς
πλείονας δὲ ἐν τῇ Μεγίσῃ ἡμῶν Λαύρᾳ, ἐν
οἷς δύο τινες ἦσαν θαυμαστοὶ καὶ ἔνδοξοι, ὧν
ὁ μὲν ἐκ μόνης τῆς θέας ὄμματι διορατικῷ
τὸν βίον τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ἐπί-
σατο· πολλάκις γὰρ ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων τῆς Λαύ-
ρας ἀσπαζόμενος, ὡς αἰδεσιμότητι κεκοσμη-
μένος, οὓς μὲν τοῖς νοεροῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἐθεώ-
ρει τῆς ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίας ἀμελοῦντας καὶ κα-
κῶς διάγοντας, αὐστηρῶς καὶ ἰταμῶς ἀπε-
στρέφετο, καὶ δίχλω ἀπαιτούμενος, ἔλεγε
πρὸς ατούς· Αἱ πράξεις ὑμῶν εὐχνται ὑπὲρ
ὑμῶν· ἐναντιουμένων γὰρ τοῖς ἔργοις ὑμῶν, αἱ δὲ
ἐμαὶ εὐχαὶ μηδὲν ὠφελήσουσιν ὑμᾶς· ἐπιμελεῖ-
σθε λοιπὸν ἑαυτῶν· οὓς δ' αὖ κατὰ Θεὸν βιο-
τεύοντας ἐν σώφρονι βίῳ καὶ θεαρέσαις διαγω-
γαῖς ἐθεώρει, τούτους διμβῶς ἀντασπαζόμε-
νος ἐπεθάρρυνε, λέγων· Καλῶς, καλῶς ἵ-
σταθε· λοιπὸν σκοπεῖτε, μὴ πέσητε· ὑπομεί-
νατε ἕως τέλους, ἵνα σωθῆτε· ὁ γὰρ ὑπο-
μείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς
τῶν ἁπάντων στήριξαι ὑμᾶς, καὶ δοίη ὑμν χάριν, καὶ
ὑπομονὴν εἰς πᾶν ργον ἀγαθόν.
}}

{{graeca|172 Ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ γέρων ἦν ὑψηλὸς καὶ θαυμαστς· οὗτος γὰρ προγνὼς τὴν ἐνθένδε μετάστασιν αὐτο, πρὸ τριῶν ἡμερῶν τ ἑαυτο πρ}}
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    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/659</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276904</id>
      <parentid>275398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:38:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LihachevAnthon1971</username>
        <id>32937</id>
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{{graeca|τελευτς, καταβὰς ἐν τ ἐκκλησίᾳ, κα εἰς / πάντας τος ἐν τῇ Λαύρᾳ ἡμν κελία εὐσχημόνως / εἰσελθὼν, τοὺς πατέρας ἠσπάσατο, λέγων ἑ- / κάστῳ· Βούλομαι ἐπὶ τὴν νεκρὰν θάλασσαν / ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ μετὰ τριῶν ἡμερν διάστημα / θεωρεῖτέ με. Οἱ δὲ νομίσαντες αὐτὸν ἀληθεύ- / οντα περὶ αὐτς λέγειν θαλάσσης, ἐξενί- / ζετο δ' ὅμως ἐπὶ τῷ συνήθει αὐτ ἀσπασμῷ / καὶ ἐπισκέψει ἑνὸς ἑκάστης κελλίας. Ὅλος ἐν / αυτῷ πατέρας ἀπασπαζόμενος, ἐπὶ τὸ κελ- / λίον αὐτοῦ ἀνέκαμψε, καὶ ἔφη τῷ μαθητῇ / αὐτοῦ· Βούλομαι, τέκνον, ἕνεκέν τινος ἀνα- / γκαίας χρείας ὅτι τρεῖς ἡμέρας διῶσαι ἀπ- / θεν ἀνθρώπων παντός, μηδενὶ συνομιλῶν, μή- / τέ σοι, μήτε τινὶ ἄλλῳ· ἀλλ' ὅταν ἡ τρίτη ἡμέρα / ἐπέλθῃ, εσειτι εἰς τὸ ἐσώτερον δόμον τῆς κελλίας· ἐκεῖ γὰρ / ἐγκλείσω ἐμαυτόν. Ὁ δὲ μαθητς ἔφη· Ὡς κελεύεις, / πάτερ. Ὅπερ δ' ἐποίει, ἑαυτὸν ἐγκλείσας μέχρι / τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας, μόνῳ ἐπίσταται ὁ κρυφίων ἐτα- / ρος Θεός. Ἐλθούσης δὲ τῇ προθεσμίᾳ, εἰ- / σῆλθε πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ μαθητής, καὶ εὗρεν αὐ- / τὸν τῇ ἀνατολῇ ἠσπασμένον, καὶ τὸ πνεῦ- / μα αὐτοῦ τ Κυρίῳ παραδεδωκότα· καὶ παρ- / ατῷ τοῖς πατράσιν ἐγνώρισαν τὸ ξένον μυ- / στήριον. Οἱ δὲ καταπλαγέντες ἐπὶ τῷ ἀκούσματι, καὶ / ἐπικηρύξασαν συνήθειαν συνθροϊσθέντες, καὶ τὸν / ἅγιον γέροντα κηδεύσαντες ἐν σίαις θήκαις κατέθη- / καν, δόξαν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν τ Θεῷ ἀναπέμποντες, / τῷ ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου δεσπόζοντι.}}
{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
173 {{graeca|Ο τοῖς δυσὶ τὸ μόνον· τοῦτοις συνέ- / τυγχον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διαφόροις ν τε τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ / Λαύρᾳ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐρήμοις καὶ μοναῖς, ὡς / ὁ γνοὺς ἐδέξατο, καὶ τοῖς Ἀβραμίοις κελ- / λίαις ἀναπαύσειεν ἐν χώρᾳ ζώντων, καὶ ἐν πα- / ραδείσ τρυφῆς· ἢ ἔχοι καταλαμβάνει τὸ ἀνέ- / ωτερον φῶς διαπαντός, ἔχον ἡμᾶς αὐτόνα- / πε, κατανοῆσαι, μιμουμένους τοὺς καλοὺς ἀγῶ- / νας τῶν θεαρέσως βεβιωκότων ἀνδρῶν, καὶ τῶν / νν βιώντων· πέπεισμαι γάρ, ὅτι καὶ ἐπ' ἡ- / μᾶς σήμερον οὕτως καὶ εἰλικρινς πολιτευό- / μενοι· ἢ δὲ διέλειπεν ὁ Θεὸς ἔχων γνησίας δό- / ξας τῇ γενεᾷ καὶ γενεᾷ, εἰ τῇ πᾶσιν ἐν / τοῖς τοῖς ἐνεστῶσι καιροῖς ἠλαττώθη ἡ μοναχικὴ / πολιτεία μὴ ἴσου ἔτι ὑπὸ τῷ μεγάλ σεισμῷ, / καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ βραχεῖ ἢ βραχεῖ ὀλιγωρήσεται, ἢ / διὰ τὸ σκληρυνθῆναι τῶν ῥαθυμίων, καὶ ἀμέ- / λειαν. Ἀλλὰ ἀγωνίσασθε τοῖς ὀλίγοις συνα- / γειρωθῶμεν· ἐπειδὴ τὸ τίμιον σπανταχοῦ ὀλι- / γώτερον πέφυκε· μολύβδῳ γὰρ πολυταλάντῳ / κρείσσων ὀλίγος χρυσός, καὶ γροῦς βαθυτάτης / σμικροτάτη φωτὸς ἀκτίς, καὶ δυσωδεῖα πύλης, / καὶ δυσωδίας βερχεα πνοῆ.}}
{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}
174 {{graeca|Ἀεὶ δὲ νουθετν ἢ διδάσκων Γέρων / σφραγῖδα ἱερῶν αὐτοῦ λόγων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν πρὸς / συμπάθειαν ἐντολήν· συμπαθὴς γὰρ ἦν, ὡς οὐδεὶς / ἄλλος τῶν βροτν, φημί· ἢ τὴν συμπάθειαν αὐτοῦ / εἴδειεν ἂν οἱ περαν εἰληφότες αὐτῆς, ο μόνον ἀπὸ / ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ πετηνῶν ἢ τετραπόδων· ἰδίαις / γὰρ χερσὶ παρέβαλε τὴν τροφὴν τοῖς ψάροις, / τοῖς κόραξι, ἢ ταῖς περιστεραῖς, ταῖς δορκάσιν. / Ἐν αὐτος πολλάκις τοῖς κόλποις αὐτο· ἤρχοντο / γὰρ οἱ ψάροι ἢ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ, ἢ ἐπὶ / τὴν κεφαλήν, τὰ γόνατα αὐτο. Ἐφιλονείκουν / δὲ ἢ ἐπολέμουν ἀλλήλους, παρατιθέντος αὐτοῦ / τν ἐδωδήν, ἧς ἐμφορηθέντες, ὕδατος κορεσθέντες, / πάλιν ἀγαλλόμενοι ἐπέτωντο ἠρέμα, τοῦ Γέροντος, / σεὶ μαθηταῖς, κελεύοντος.}}
175 {{graeca|Τοῖς μύρμηξι καὶ τοῖς τοῖς μυρίοις ζῳο- / φοῖσι σιμάλλων, κα σισάμην, καὶ ἄλφιτα πα- / ετίθη· συνεπάθη δὲ περὶ τὸν φίλιμον τοῖς ἐν τῇ}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
ante mortem descendit in templum; tum cel- lulas, quotquot erant in Laura nostra, adiens, salutabat patres, &amp; singulis: Discedo, inquit, modo ad mare Mortuum; &amp; post tres dies me videbitis. At illi arbitrantes eum, ut erat sincerus &amp; candidus, de mari sensibili dicere: mira tamen eis accidebat salutatio ejus insolita, tum etiam quod uniuscujusque cellam obiret. Itaque cum patribus omnibus vale dixisset, redit ad cellam suam, atque discipulo: Velim, fili, necessaria quadam de causa tribus hisce diebus hic solus agere, procul ab humano qualibet consortio, &amp; neque tecum, neque cum alio quocumque communicare; sed ubi dies tertius adierit, tum redi, &amp; in intimam usque cellam ingredere, istic enim me occludam. Discipulus vero: Faciam, inquit, ut jubes, pater. Quid ille ageret interea ad tertium usque diem inclusus, solus novit, qui occulta quæque scrutatur, Deus. Elapsum jam erat præfinitum tempus, cum ingreditur ad eum discipulus; &amp; extensum offendit versus Orientem, postquam jam Domino spiritum tradidisset; significavitque continuo patribus inexpectatum hoc mysterium: quo illi nuncio percussi, de more in locum unum convenerunt, justisque sancti senis funeri persolutis, in Sanctorum sepulcris eum condiderunt, vitæ ac mortis Dominum Deum cum gratiarum actione laudantes.
{{right sidenote|'''E'''}}
173 Neque cum illis tantum duobus agere mihi contigit, sed &amp; cum variis aliis tam in Laura nostra, quam in desertis &amp; monasteriis, qui jam in cælum recepti conquiescunt in sinu Abrahæ, in terra viventium, in paradiso voluptatis, ubi lux affulget perpetua, nesciens occasum; ubi &amp; vos virorum, cum qui jam accepti Deo vixerunt, tum qui etiam nunc vivunt, gloriosa imitati certamina, figere aliquando domicilium studete: persuasum enim habeo, esse hodieque non nullos, qui sanctè vitam cælestèque degant: nam genuini Deo famuli esse non desinunt in generationem &amp; generationem; tametsi elanguit plurimum nostris hisce temporibus disciplina monastica post annos decem à magno terræ motu; concidetque paulatim etiam magis, ob ingruentem torporem atque socordiam. Sed paucis accenseri contendite: quia quod rarius est, id magni ubique est pretii: nam &amp; pauxillum auri multo præstat plumbo, &amp; crassissimis tenebris tenuissimus lucis radius, &amp; ingenti graveolentiæ quantulacumque odoris boni fragrantia.
{{right sidenote|'''F'''}}
174 Quoties vero suos adhortabatur Senex ac docebat, commiserationis commendatione monita sua sacra, tamquam sigillo, claudebat: nam tanta fuit, meâ quidem sententiâ, hæc in illo virtus, quanta in mortalium nemine: noverant eam, qui experti erant, non homines modo, sed &amp; volucres &amp; quadrupedes: nam sturnis, corvis, columbis, capreis escam suis ipse manibus congerebat. In ipsum ejus sinum advolabant non raro sturni, in humeris ejus, in capite, super genua subsistebant: proponente autem illo cibum, disceptatio inter eos erat ac pugna, usque dum escis &amp; aquâ saturi, modeste denuo, cum id eis Senex, quasi discipulis, imperaret, læti avolabant.
{{right sidenote|''Commiserationis commendat affectum, etiam erga animantia qualibet;''}}
175 Formicis autem &amp; infectis siliginem, sesamum, &amp; farinam præbebat; sed miserebat eum supra modum fuscorum &amp; innocentium quorundam,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
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| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|τελευτς, καταβὰς ἐν τ ἐκκλησίᾳ, κα εἰς / πάντας τος ἐν τῇ Λαύρᾳ ἡμν κελία εὐσχημόνως / εἰσελθὼν, τοὺς πατέρας ἠσπάσατο, λέγων ἑ- / κάστῳ· Βούλομαι ἐπὶ τὴν νεκρὰν θάλασσαν / ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ μετὰ τριῶν ἡμερν διάστημα / θεωρεῖτέ με. Οἱ δὲ νομίσαντες αὐτὸν ἀληθεύ- / οντα περὶ αὐτς λέγειν θαλάσσης, ἐξενί- / ζετο δ' ὅμως ἐπὶ τῷ συνήθει αὐτ ἀσπασμῷ / καὶ ἐπισκέψει ἑνὸς ἑκάστης κελλίας. Ὅλος ἐν / αυτῷ πατέρας ἀπασπαζόμενος, ἐπὶ τὸ κελ- / λίον αὐτοῦ ἀνέκαμψε, καὶ ἔφη τῷ μαθητῇ / αὐτοῦ· Βούλομαι, τέκνον, ἕνεκέν τινος ἀνα- / γκαίας χρείας ὅτι τρεῖς ἡμέρας διῶσαι ἀπ- / θεν ἀνθρώπων παντός, μηδενὶ συνομιλῶν, μή- / τέ σοι, μήτε τινὶ ἄλλῳ· ἀλλ' ὅταν ἡ τρίτη ἡμέρα / ἐπέλθῃ, εσειτι εἰς τὸ ἐσώτερον δόμον τῆς κελλίας· ἐκεῖ γὰρ / ἐγκλείσω ἐμαυτόν. Ὁ δὲ μαθητς ἔφη· Ὡς κελεύεις, / πάτερ. Ὅπερ δ' ἐποίει, ἑαυτὸν ἐγκλείσας μέχρι / τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας, μόνῳ ἐπίσταται ὁ κρυφίων ἐτα- / ρος Θεός. Ἐλθούσης δὲ τῇ προθεσμίᾳ, εἰ- / σῆλθε πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ μαθητής, καὶ εὗρεν αὐ- / τὸν τῇ ἀνατολῇ ἠσπασμένον, καὶ τὸ πνεῦ- / μα αὐτοῦ τ Κυρίῳ παραδεδωκότα· καὶ παρ- / ατῷ τοῖς πατράσιν ἐγνώρισαν τὸ ξένον μυ- / στήριον. Οἱ δὲ καταπλαγέντες ἐπὶ τῷ ἀκούσματι, καὶ / ἐπικηρύξασαν συνήθειαν συνθροϊσθέντες, καὶ τὸν / ἅγιον γέροντα κηδεύσαντες ἐν σίαις θήκαις κατέθη- / καν, δόξαν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν τ Θεῷ ἀναπέμποντες, / τῷ ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου δεσπόζοντι.}}

{{left sidenote|'''B'''}}
173 {{graeca|Ο τοῖς δυσὶ τὸ μόνον· τοῦτοις συνέ- / τυγχον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διαφόροις ν τε τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ / Λαύρᾳ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐρήμοις καὶ μοναῖς, ὡς / ὁ γνοὺς ἐδέξατο, καὶ τοῖς Ἀβραμίοις κελ- / λίαις ἀναπαύσειεν ἐν χώρᾳ ζώντων, καὶ ἐν πα- / ραδείσ τρυφῆς· ἢ ἔχοι καταλαμβάνει τὸ ἀνέ- / ωτερον φῶς διαπαντός, ἔχον ἡμᾶς αὐτόνα- / πε, κατανοῆσαι, μιμουμένους τοὺς καλοὺς ἀγῶ- / νας τῶν θεαρέσως βεβιωκότων ἀνδρῶν, καὶ τῶν / νν βιώντων· πέπεισμαι γάρ, ὅτι καὶ ἐπ' ἡ- / μᾶς σήμερον οὕτως καὶ εἰλικρινς πολιτευό- / μενοι· ἢ δὲ διέλειπεν ὁ Θεὸς ἔχων γνησίας δό- / ξας τῇ γενεᾷ καὶ γενεᾷ, εἰ τῇ πᾶσιν ἐν / τοῖς τοῖς ἐνεστῶσι καιροῖς ἠλαττώθη ἡ μοναχικὴ / πολιτεία μὴ ἴσου ἔτι ὑπὸ τῷ μεγάλ σεισμῷ, / καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ βραχεῖ ἢ βραχεῖ ὀλιγωρήσεται, ἢ / διὰ τὸ σκληρυνθῆναι τῶν ῥαθυμίων, καὶ ἀμέ- / λειαν. Ἀλλὰ ἀγωνίσασθε τοῖς ὀλίγοις συνα- / γειρωθῶμεν· ἐπειδὴ τὸ τίμιον σπανταχοῦ ὀλι- / γώτερον πέφυκε· μολύβδῳ γὰρ πολυταλάντῳ / κρείσσων ὀλίγος χρυσός, καὶ γροῦς βαθυτάτης / σμικροτάτη φωτὸς ἀκτίς, καὶ δυσωδεῖα πύλης, / καὶ δυσωδίας βερχεα πνοῆ.}}

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}
174 {{graeca|Ἀεὶ δὲ νουθετν ἢ διδάσκων Γέρων / σφραγῖδα ἱερῶν αὐτοῦ λόγων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν πρὸς / συμπάθειαν ἐντολήν· συμπαθὴς γὰρ ἦν, ὡς οὐδεὶς / ἄλλος τῶν βροτν, φημί· ἢ τὴν συμπάθειαν αὐτοῦ / εἴδειεν ἂν οἱ περαν εἰληφότες αὐτῆς, ο μόνον ἀπὸ / ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ πετηνῶν ἢ τετραπόδων· ἰδίαις / γὰρ χερσὶ παρέβαλε τὴν τροφὴν τοῖς ψάροις, / τοῖς κόραξι, ἢ ταῖς περιστεραῖς, ταῖς δορκάσιν. / Ἐν αὐτος πολλάκις τοῖς κόλποις αὐτο· ἤρχοντο / γὰρ οἱ ψάροι ἢ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ, ἢ ἐπὶ / τὴν κεφαλήν, τὰ γόνατα αὐτο. Ἐφιλονείκουν / δὲ ἢ ἐπολέμουν ἀλλήλους, παρατιθέντος αὐτοῦ / τν ἐδωδήν, ἧς ἐμφορηθέντες, ὕδατος κορεσθέντες, / πάλιν ἀγαλλόμενοι ἐπέτωντο ἠρέμα, τοῦ Γέροντος, / σεὶ μαθηταῖς, κελεύοντος.}}

175 {{graeca|Τοῖς μύρμηξι καὶ τοῖς τοῖς μυρίοις ζῳο- / φοῖσι σιμάλλων, κα σισάμην, καὶ ἄλφιτα πα- / ετίθη· συνεπάθη δὲ περὶ τὸν φίλιμον τοῖς ἐν τῇ}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
ante mortem descendit in templum; tum cel- lulas, quotquot erant in Laura nostra, adiens, salutabat patres, &amp; singulis: Discedo, inquit, modo ad mare Mortuum; &amp; post tres dies me videbitis. At illi arbitrantes eum, ut erat sincerus &amp; candidus, de mari sensibili dicere: mira tamen eis accidebat salutatio ejus insolita, tum etiam quod uniuscujusque cellam obiret. Itaque cum patribus omnibus vale dixisset, redit ad cellam suam, atque discipulo: Velim, fili, necessaria quadam de causa tribus hisce diebus hic solus agere, procul ab humano qualibet consortio, &amp; neque tecum, neque cum alio quocumque communicare; sed ubi dies tertius adierit, tum redi, &amp; in intimam usque cellam ingredere, istic enim me occludam. Discipulus vero: Faciam, inquit, ut jubes, pater. Quid ille ageret interea ad tertium usque diem inclusus, solus novit, qui occulta quæque scrutatur, Deus. Elapsum jam erat præfinitum tempus, cum ingreditur ad eum discipulus; &amp; extensum offendit versus Orientem, postquam jam Domino spiritum tradidisset; significavitque continuo patribus inexpectatum hoc mysterium: quo illi nuncio percussi, de more in locum unum convenerunt, justisque sancti senis funeri persolutis, in Sanctorum sepulcris eum condiderunt, vitæ ac mortis Dominum Deum cum gratiarum actione laudantes.

{{right sidenote|'''E'''}}
173 Neque cum illis tantum duobus agere mihi contigit, sed &amp; cum variis aliis tam in Laura nostra, quam in desertis &amp; monasteriis, qui jam in cælum recepti conquiescunt in sinu Abrahæ, in terra viventium, in paradiso voluptatis, ubi lux affulget perpetua, nesciens occasum; ubi &amp; vos virorum, cum qui jam accepti Deo vixerunt, tum qui etiam nunc vivunt, gloriosa imitati certamina, figere aliquando domicilium studete: persuasum enim habeo, esse hodieque non nullos, qui sanctè vitam cælestèque degant: nam genuini Deo famuli esse non desinunt in generationem &amp; generationem; tametsi elanguit plurimum nostris hisce temporibus disciplina monastica post annos decem à magno terræ motu; concidetque paulatim etiam magis, ob ingruentem torporem atque socordiam. Sed paucis accenseri contendite: quia quod rarius est, id magni ubique est pretii: nam &amp; pauxillum auri multo præstat plumbo, &amp; crassissimis tenebris tenuissimus lucis radius, &amp; ingenti graveolentiæ quantulacumque odoris boni fragrantia.

{{right sidenote|'''F'''}}
174 Quoties vero suos adhortabatur Senex ac docebat, commiserationis commendatione monita sua sacra, tamquam sigillo, claudebat: nam tanta fuit, meâ quidem sententiâ, hæc in illo virtus, quanta in mortalium nemine: noverant eam, qui experti erant, non homines modo, sed &amp; volucres &amp; quadrupedes: nam sturnis, corvis, columbis, capreis escam suis ipse manibus congerebat. In ipsum ejus sinum advolabant non raro sturni, in humeris ejus, in capite, super genua subsistebant: proponente autem illo cibum, disceptatio inter eos erat ac pugna, usque dum escis &amp; aquâ saturi, modeste denuo, cum id eis Senex, quasi discipulis, imperaret, læti avolabant.
{{right sidenote|''Commiserationis commendat affectum, etiam erga animantia qualibet;''}}

175 Formicis autem &amp; infectis siliginem, sesamum, &amp; farinam præbebat; sed miserebat eum supra modum fuscorum &amp; innocentium quorundam,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
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        <id>32937</id>
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| {{left sidenote|'''A'''}}
{{graeca|τελευτῆς , καταβὰς ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ , κα εἰς / πάντα τὰ ἐν τῇ Λαύρᾳ ἡμῶν κελλία εἰσε‑ / ληλυθώς , τοὺς πατέρας ἠσπάζετο , λέγων ἑ‑ / κάστῳ · Βούλομαι ἐπὶ τὴν νεκρὰν θάλασσαν / ἀπελθεῖν , καὶ μετὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν διάστημα / θεωρεῖτέ με . Οἱ δὲ νομίσαντες αὐτὸν ἀληθεύ‑ / οντα περὶ αἰσθητῆς λέγειν θαλάσσης , ἐξενί‑ / ζετο δ'ὅμως ἐπὶ τῷ ἀσυνήθει αὐτοῦ ἀσπασμῷ / καὶ ἐπισκέψει ἑνὸς ἑκάστου κελλίου . Ὅλως δὲ / τοὺς πατέρας ἀσπασάμενος , ἐπὶ τὸ κελ‑ / λίον αὐτοῦ ἀνέκαμψε , καὶ ἔφη τῷ μαθητῇ / αὐτοῦ · Βούλομαι , τέκνον , ἕνεκέν τινος ἀνα‑ / γκαίας χρείας ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἰδιῶσαι ἄπο‑ / θεν ἀνθρώπων παντός , μηδενὶ συνομιλῶν , μή τέ / σοι , μή τέ τινι ἄλλ · ἀλλ' πότ' ν ἡ τρίτη ἡμέρα / ἐπέλθῃ , εἴσιθι εἰς τὸ ἐνδότερον δόμον τοῦ κελλίου · / ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἐγκλείσω ἐμαυτόν . Ὁ δὲ μαθητὴς ἔφη · / Ὡς κελεύεις , πάτερ . Ὅπερ δ' ἐποίει , ἑαυτὸν / ἐγκλείσας μέχρι τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας , μόνος / ἐπίσταται ὁ κρυφίων ἐξεταστὴς? Θεός . Ἐλθούσης / δὲ τῆς προθεσμίας , εἰσέβη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ μαθητής , / καὶ εὗρεν αὐ‑ τὸν {{left sidenote|'''B'''}} πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολὰς ἡπλωμένον? , καὶ τὸ πνεῦ‑ / μα αὐτοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ παραδεδωκότα · καὶ παρ‑ / αυτίκα τοῖς πατρὰσιν ἐγνώρισεν τὸ ξένον μυ‑ / στήριον . Οἱ δὲ καταπλαγέντες ἐπὶ τ ἀκούσματι , / καὶ τὴν ἐπικρατοῦσαν? συνήθειαν συνηθροίσθησαν , / καὶ τὸν ἅγιον γέροντα κηδεύσαντες ἐν ὁσίαις θήκαις κατέθη‑ / καν , δόξαν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν τῷ Θεῷ ἀναπέμποντες , / τῷ ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου δεσπόζοντι .}}

173 {{graeca|Οὐ τοῖς δυσὶν ἢ μόνοις τούτοις συνέ‑ / τυγχον , ἀλλὰ καὶ διαφόροις ἔν τε τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ / Λαύρᾳ , κα ἐν τοῖς ἐρήμοις καὶ μοναῖς , οὓς / ὁ ἐρημὸς ἐδέξατο? , καὶ τοῖς Ἀβραμιαίοις κόλ‑ / ποις ἐπανέπαυσεν ἐν χώρᾳ ζώντων , καὶ ἐν πα‑ / ραδείσῳ τρυφῆς · ἔνθα καταλάμπει τὸ ἀνέ‑ / σπερον φῶς διαπαντός , ἔνθα καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτούς / ποτε κατοικῆσαι , μιμησάμενοι? τοὺς καλῶς ἀγῶ‑ / νας τῶν θεαρέστως βεβιωκότων ἀνδρῶν , καὶ τν / νν βιώντων · πέπεισμαι γὰρ , ὅτι καὶ εἰσὶν οἵ‑ / τινες σήμερον ὁσίως καὶ εἰλικρινῶς πολιτευό‑ / μενοι · οὐδὲ διέλειπεν ὁ Θεὸς ἔχων γνησίους δού‑ / λους καὶ γενεὰν καὶ γενεὰν , εἰ καὶ πάνυ ἐν / τούτοις τοῖς ἐνεστῶσι καιροῖς ἠλαττώθη ἡ μοναχικὴ / πολιτεία μετὰ δέκα ἔτη ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου σεισμοῦ , / καὶ ἔτι καὶ βραχὺ καὶ βραχὺ ὀλιγωρήσεται? , / διὰ τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ῥᾳθυμίαν , καὶ ἀμέ‑ / λειαν . Ἀλλὰ ἀγωνίσασθε τοῖς ὀλίγοις συνα‑ / ριθμηθῆναι · ἐπειδὴ τὸ τίμιον πανταχοῦ λι‑ / γώτερον πέφυκε · μολύβδῳ γὰρ πολυταλάντῳ / κρείσσων ὀλίγος χρυσός , καὶ γνόφῳ βαθυτάτῃ / σμικροτάτη φωτὸς ἀκτίς , καὶ δυσωδείας πολλῆς , / εὐωδίας βραχεῖα πνοή . 

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}}}
174 {{graeca|Ἀεὶ δὲ νουθετῶν καὶ διδάσκων ὁ Γέρων / σφραγίδα ἱερῶν αὐτοῦ λόγων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν πρὸς / συμπάθειαν ἐντολήν · συμπαθὴς γὰρ ἦν , ὡς οὐδεὶς / ἄλλος τῶν βροτῶν , φημί · τὴν γὰρ συμπάθειαν αὐτοῦ / εἴδειεν ν ο πεῖραν εἰληφότες αὐτῆς οὐ μόνον ἀπὸ / ἀνθρώπων , ἀλλὰ καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων · / ἰδίαις γὰρ χερσὶ παρέβαλλε τὴν τροφὴν τοῖς ψάροις? , / καὶ τος κόραξι , καὶ ταῖς περιστεραῖς , καὶ / ταῖς δορκάσιν . Ἐν αὐτοῦ πολλάκις τοῖς κόλ‑ / ποις αὐτοῦ ἤρχοντο? γὰρ οἱ ψάροι καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς / ὤμους αὐτοῦ , καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν , καὶ τὰ γό‑ / νατα αὐτοῦ . Ἐφιλονείκουν καὶ ἐπολέμουν ἀλλήλους? , / παρατιθέντος αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐδωδήν , ἧς ἐμφορηθέντες , / καὶ ὕδατος κορεσθέντες , πάλιν ἀγαλλόμενοι ἐπέτωντο / ἠρέμα , τοῦ Γέροντος , ὡσεὶ μαθηταῖς , κελεύοντος .}}

175 {{graeca|Τοῖς μύρμηξι καὶ τοῖς μικροῖς ζωυ‑ / φίοις σεμίδαλιν , καὶ σισάμιν , καὶ ἄλφιτα πα‑ / ρετίθει · συνεπάσχε δὲ περισσότερον τοῖς ἐν τῇ …}}
| {{right sidenote|'''A''' LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.}}
ante mortem descendit in templum; tum cellulas, quotquot erant in Laura nostra, adiens, salutabat patres, &amp; singulis: Discedo, inquit, modo ad mare Mortuum; &amp; post tres dies me videbitis. At illi arbitrabantur eum, ut erat sincerus &amp; candidus, de mari sensibili dicere: mira tamen eis accidebat salutatio ejus insolita, tum etiam quod uniuscujusque cellam obiret. Itaque cum patribus omnibus vale dixisset, redit ad cellam suam, atque discipulo: Velim, fili, necessaria quadam de causa tribus hisce diebus hic solus agere, procul ab humano quolibet consortio, &amp; neque tecum, neque cum alio quocumque communicare; sed ubi dies tertius adierit, tum redi, &amp; in intimam usque cellam ingredere, istic enim me occludam. Discipulus vero: Faciam, inquit, ut jubes, pater. Quid ille ageret interea ad tertium usque diem inclusus, solus novit, qui occulta quæque scrutatur, Deus. {{right sidenote|'''E'''}}Elapsum jam erat præfinitum tempus, cum ingreditur ad eum discipulus; &amp; extensum offendit versus Orientem, postquam jam Domino spiritum tradidisset; significatque continuo patribus inexpectatum hoc mysterium: quo illi nuncio perculsi, de more in locum unum convenerunt, justisque sancti senis funeri persolutis, in Sanctorum sepulcris {{right sidenote|''a''}} eum condiderunt, vitæ ac mortis Dominum Deum cum gratiarum actione laudantes.

{{right sidenote|''quales etiam nunc sunt; sed numerus in dies minuitur.''}}173 Neque cum illis tantum duobus agere mihi contigit, sed &amp; cum variis aliis tam in Laura nostra, quam in desertis &amp; monasteriis, qui jam in cælum recepti conquiescunt in sinu Abrahæ, in terra viventium, in paradiso voluptatis, ubi lux affulget perpetua, nesciens occasum; ubi &amp; vos virorum, cùm qui jam accepti Deo vixerunt, tùm qui etiam nunc vivunt, gloriosa imitati certamina, figere aliquando domicilium studete: persuasum enim habeo, esse hodieque non nullos, qui sanctè vitam castèque degant: nam genuini Deo famuli esse non desinunt in generationem &amp; generationem; tametsi elanguit plurimum nostris hisce temporibus disciplina monastica post annos decem à magno terræ motu {{right sidenote|''b''}}; concidetque paulatim etiam magis, ob ingruentem torporem atque socordiam. {{right sidenote|'''F'''}}Sed paucis accenseri contendite: quia quod rarius est, id magni ubique est pretii: nam &amp; pauxillum auri multo præstat plumbo, &amp; crassissimis tenebris tenuissimus lucis radius, &amp; ingenti graveolentiæ quantulacumque odoris boni fragrantia.

{{right sidenote|''Commiserationis commendat affectum, etiam erga animantia qualibet,''}}174 Quoties vero suos adhortabatur Senex ac docebat, commiserationis commendatione monita sua sacra, tamquam sigillo, claudebat: nam tanta fuit, meâ quidem sententiâ, hæc in illo virtus, quanta in mortalium nemine: noverant eam, qui experti erant, non homines modo, sed &amp; volucres &amp; quadrupedes: nam sturnis, corvis, columbis, capreis escam suis ipse manibus congerebat. In ipsum ejus sinum advolabant non raro sturni, in humeris ejus, in capite, super genua subsistebant: proponente autem illo cibum, disceptatio inter eos erat ac pugna, usque dum escis &amp; aquâ saturi, modeste denuo, cum id eis Senex, quasi discipulis, imperaret, læti avolabant.

{{right sidenote|''quibus nequa fiat injuria, studiosè cavet.''}}175 Formicis autem &amp; infectis filiginem, sesamum, &amp; farinam præbebat; sed miserebat eum supra modum fuscorum &amp; innocentium quorumdam, …
|}
'''Gggg 3'''&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
|}
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    <title>Pagina:1643-1925, Societe des Bollandistes, Acta Sanctorum 07 Julii Tomus 03 1723, LT.pdf/660</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
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| {{left sidenote|'''A. LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.'''}}
…rumdam, qui in eremo sunt, vermium. Neque enim de bonis terrenis pene quidquam illi deerat, etiamsi iis colligendis nec curam ullam nec laborem impenderet: noverat videlicet certam illam Domini promissionem, cum dixit: Quærite primum regnum cælorum; &amp; hæc omnia adjicientur vobis. Contendebat autem sæpenumero nobiscum, discipulis suis, de vermibus illis nigris interdicens, ne quos occideremus, eos etiam extra hesychasterium inconsulto per noctem obterentes: eamque ob rem nos carpebat, sciens ipse quæ nos inscii faciebamus: Vah, infelices, inquiens; nihil in vobis est misericordiæ. Nescitis vero, si cui adversus naturas irrationabiles commiserantis animi desit affectus, eidem illum etiam adversus homines defuturum? Veritas conscia est, me sæpissime, quo tempore visuntur locustæ {{left sidenote|''c''}}, in eremum noctu progressum, ut in hesychasterio sub auroram adessem, substitisse ex commiseratione, sicubi eas per viam obriguisse frigore deprehenderem, ibique permansisse donec solis radii affulgerent; {{left sidenote|'''B'''}} metuebam enim ne quid eis fortè nocuissem invitus; atque ita deinde lætus ac securus prosequebar iter institutum. Et sic re verà divini Magistri nostri præceptis edocebamur.
| {{right sidenote|'''D'''}}
{{graeca|ἐρήμῳ μαύροις ἀκαίροις σκώληξιν · οὐδὲν γὰρ / μονονυχὶ ἔλιπεν αὐτ ὑπ παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ? , ὄν‑ / τος ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς , καίπερ οὐδὲ? ταῦτα φροντίδα / ἢ ἀδημονίαν? μὴ ἔχοντα? παντελῶς · ἤδει γὰρ / τὴν ἀψευδῆ ὑπόσχεσιν τοῦ Δεσπότου εἰπόντος · / Ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν , / καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν . Ἐμάχετο / δὲ ἡμῖν πολλάκις , τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ , περὶ / τν μαύρων σκωλήκων ἀπεργαζομένων? , μὴ / φονεύειν αὐτούς , καίτοιγε ἐκτὸς τοῦ ἡσυχαστη‑ / ρίου νυκτὸς καταπατοῦντας? αὐτοὺς ἀκουσίως · / καὶ? ὠνείδιζεν ἡμᾶς ἕνεκεν τούτων? , εἰδὼς ἅπερ / ἀγνοοῦντες ἐποιοῦμεν · Οὐκ χετε , λέγων , συμ‑ / πάθειαν , ἐλεεινοί . Ἀγνοεῖτε δέ? , ὅτι ὁ μὴ ἔχων / συμπάθειαν ἀπηνῆ? πρὸς τν κτηνώδη φύσιν , / οὔτε? εἰς ἀνθρώπους κέκτηται? ; Οἶδεν ἡ ἀλήθεια , / ὅτι πλείστακις? ἐν καιρῷ ἀκρίδων ἐπὶ τὴν ἔρημον / ἀπερχόμενος? νυκτός , καὶ περὶ τὸ ὄρθρον εἰς τὸ / ἡσυχαστήριον ἐλθεῖν βουλόμενος , {{right sidenote|'''E'''}} ἡνίκα κατὰ? / τὴν ὁδὸν ἑώρων? ἀκρίδας κρυμωθείσας? ὑπὸ τῆς / ψύχους , ἐκαθεζάμην φειδοῖ αὐτῶν , ἐκδεχόμενος? / τὰς τοῦ λίου αὐγάς . Ἐπαιτόμην? γὰρ , μήπως ἄ‑ / κων ἀδικήσω αὐτάς · εἶθ' οὕτως? χαίρων εἰχόμην / τῇ δῷ . Ὡς ἂν? ἀληθῶς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοφόρου ἡμῶν / Ἐπιστάτου φωταγωγούμενοι ἐδιδασκόμεθα .}}
|}
'''A N N O T A T A D. P.'''

''a Hinc, itemque ex numero 183, ubi de S. Stephani sepultura; prout ex relatis num. 28, de S. Theoctisti sociorumque arca, colligimus, moris fuisse in Lauris ac monasteriis Palæstinæ, ut quorum memoriam ob singularem virtutem &amp; posterorum incitamentum volebant religiosè conservatam, eos in sacratiori loco decenter conditos collocarent Patres; cum extra ecclesiam aut monasterium ceteri in communi cœmeterio defoderentur.''

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}{{right sidenote|'''F'''}}''b Terribiles terræ motus memorat Cedrenus in Syria contigisse anno Copronymi secundo, sexto, &amp; nono: sed tum is, de quo hic agitur, à decem annis accidisse narretur à S. Stephano, &amp; ultimo quidem vitæ quadriennio, sicut liquet ex verbis Leontii num. 115; alium designare necesse est, si numeremus durationem, quæ ab isto motu, &amp; relaxata post eum disciplina monastica usque ad dictum quadriennium effluxerat. Sed quid vetat post annos Decem à magno terræ motu, ita intelligi, ut solum tempus significetur, unde initium sumpserit ista relaxatio, præscindendo à tempore, quo, dum ista referebat Stephanus, illa jam præterierat? Et sic unus ex dictis motibus intelligi potest, maximè is, qui anno Copronymi 6, S. Stephani 21, Christi 746 à Cedreno μέγας vocatur, templis monasteriisque Palæstinæ fatalis: quem sic dudum ante ipsum descripserat Theophanes: Hoc anno (746, ut patet ex Indictione XIV, quæ paulo post ibi subnectitur) mensis Januarii die XVIII, hora IV, magnus terræ motus in Palæstina circa Jordanem &amp; in Syria factus est: adeo ut multæ hominum myriades ac pene infinitæ perierint, &amp; ecclesiæ monasteriaque ceciderint, &amp; maximè circa Sanctæ civitatis solitudinem. Atque hic terræ motus adeo singularis, &amp; adeo graphicè hic memoratus facit, ut persuasissimum videatur, verba de quibus hic quæritur, ultimo sensu exponenda esse; nec aliud Sanctum voluisse indicare, quam punctum fixum, quo cœperit relaxari monastica ibidem disciplina.''

''c Plinius lib. 11, cap. 29 sub exitum veris prodire ab ovis tradit, quæ autumni tempore pepererint. Alii duplicem earum fœtum statuunt; dicuntque etiam Vergiliarum exortu Maio mense parere, quæ ad Canis ortum nasci debeant: nec volare noctibus propter frigora, quidam voluêre. Quod ut verum non sit, cum de provincia in provinciam continuata quandoque plurium dierum profectione trans mare demigrant, aliàs tamen verè dici vel ex hoc loco colligitur.''

[[Fasciculus:Виньетка - Acta Sanctorum.png|thumb]]&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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| {{left sidenote|'''A. LEONTIO DISC. EX MS.GR.'''}}
…rumdam, qui in eremo sunt, vermium. Neque enim de bonis terrenis pene quidquam illi deerat, etiamsi iis colligendis nec curam ullam nec laborem impenderet: noverat videlicet certam illam Domini promissionem, cum dixit: Quærite primum regnum cælorum; &amp; hæc omnia adjicientur vobis. Contendebat autem sæpenumero nobiscum, discipulis suis, de vermibus illis nigris interdicens, ne quos occideremus, eos etiam extra hesychasterium inconsulto per noctem obterentes: eamque ob rem nos carpebat, sciens ipse quæ nos inscii faciebamus: Vah, infelices, inquiens; nihil in vobis est misericordiæ. Nescitis vero, si cui adversus naturas irrationabiles commiserantis animi desit affectus, eidem illum etiam adversus homines defuturum? Veritas conscia est, me sæpissime, quo tempore visuntur locustæ {{left sidenote|''c''}}, in eremum noctu progressum, ut in hesychasterio sub auroram adessem, substitisse ex commiseratione, sicubi eas per viam obriguisse frigore deprehenderem, ibique permansisse donec solis radii affulgerent; {{left sidenote|'''B'''}} metuebam enim ne quid eis fortè nocuissem invitus; atque ita deinde lætus ac securus prosequebar iter institutum. Et sic re verà divini Magistri nostri præceptis edocebamur.
| {{right sidenote|'''D'''}}
{{graeca|ἐρήμῳ μαύροις ἀκαίροις σκώληξιν · οὐδὲν γὰρ / μονονυχὶ ἔλιπεν αὐτ ὑπ παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ? , ὄν‑ / τος ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς , καίπερ οὐδὲ? ταῦτα φροντίδα / ἢ ἀδημονίαν? μὴ ἔχοντα? παντελῶς · ἤδει γὰρ / τὴν ἀψευδῆ ὑπόσχεσιν τοῦ Δεσπότου εἰπόντος · / Ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν , / καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν . Ἐμάχετο / δὲ ἡμῖν πολλάκις , τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ , περὶ / τν μαύρων σκωλήκων ἀπεργαζομένων? , μὴ / φονεύειν αὐτούς , καίτοιγε ἐκτὸς τοῦ ἡσυχαστη‑ / ρίου νυκτὸς καταπατοῦντας? αὐτοὺς ἀκουσίως · / καὶ? ὠνείδιζεν ἡμᾶς ἕνεκεν τούτων? , εἰδὼς ἅπερ / ἀγνοοῦντες ἐποιοῦμεν · Οὐκ χετε , λέγων , συμ‑ / πάθειαν , ἐλεεινοί . Ἀγνοεῖτε δέ? , ὅτι ὁ μὴ ἔχων / συμπάθειαν ἀπηνῆ? πρὸς τν κτηνώδη φύσιν , / οὔτε? εἰς ἀνθρώπους κέκτηται? ; Οἶδεν ἡ ἀλήθεια , / ὅτι πλείστακις? ἐν καιρῷ ἀκρίδων ἐπὶ τὴν ἔρημον / ἀπερχόμενος? νυκτός , καὶ περὶ τὸ ὄρθρον εἰς τὸ / ἡσυχαστήριον ἐλθεῖν βουλόμενος , {{right sidenote|'''E'''}} ἡνίκα κατὰ? / τὴν ὁδὸν ἑώρων? ἀκρίδας κρυμωθείσας? ὑπὸ τῆς / ψύχους , ἐκαθεζάμην φειδοῖ αὐτῶν , ἐκδεχόμενος? / τὰς τοῦ λίου αὐγάς . Ἐπαιτόμην? γὰρ , μήπως ἄ‑ / κων ἀδικήσω αὐτάς · εἶθ' οὕτως? χαίρων εἰχόμην / τῇ δῷ . Ὡς ἂν? ἀληθῶς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοφόρου ἡμῶν / Ἐπιστάτου φωταγωγούμενοι ἐδιδασκόμεθα .}}
|}
'''A N N O T A T A D. P.'''

''a Hinc, itemque ex numero 183, ubi de S. Stephani sepultura; prout ex relatis num. 28, de S. Theoctisti sociorumque arca, colligimus, moris fuisse in Lauris ac monasteriis Palæstinæ, ut quorum memoriam ob singularem virtutem &amp; posterorum incitamentum volebant religiosè conservatam, eos in sacratiori loco decenter conditos collocarent Patres; cum extra ecclesiam aut monasterium ceteri in communi cœmeterio defoderentur.''

{{left sidenote|'''C'''}}{{right sidenote|'''F'''}}''b Terribiles terræ motus memorat Cedrenus in Syria contigisse anno Copronymi secundo, sexto, &amp; nono: sed tum is, de quo hic agitur, à decem annis accidisse narretur à S. Stephano, &amp; ultimo quidem vitæ quadriennio, sicut liquet ex verbis Leontii num. 115; alium designare necesse est, si numeremus durationem, quæ ab isto motu, &amp; relaxata post eum disciplina monastica usque ad dictum quadriennium effluxerat. Sed quid vetat post annos Decem à magno terræ motu, ita intelligi, ut solum tempus significetur, unde initium sumpserit ista relaxatio, præscindendo à tempore, quo, dum ista referebat Stephanus, illa jam præterierat? Et sic unus ex dictis motibus intelligi potest, maximè is, qui anno Copronymi 6, S. Stephani 21, Christi 746 à Cedreno μέγας vocatur, templis monasteriisque Palæstinæ fatalis: quem sic dudum ante ipsum descripserat Theophanes: Hoc anno (746, ut patet ex Indictione XIV, quæ paulo post ibi subnectitur) mensis Januarii die XVIII, hora IV, magnus terræ motus in Palæstina circa Jordanem &amp; in Syria factus est: adeo ut multæ hominum myriades ac pene infinitæ perierint, &amp; ecclesiæ monasteriaque ceciderint, &amp; maximè circa Sanctæ civitatis solitudinem. Atque hic terræ motus adeo singularis, &amp; adeo graphicè hic memoratus facit, ut persuasissimum videatur, verba de quibus hic quæritur, ultimo sensu exponenda esse; nec aliud Sanctum voluisse indicare, quam punctum fixum, quo cœperit relaxari monastica ibidem disciplina.''

''c Plinius lib. 11, cap. 29 sub exitum veris prodire ab ovis tradit, quæ autumni tempore pepererint. Alii duplicem earum fœtum statuunt; dicuntque etiam Vergiliarum exortu Maio mense parere, quæ ad Canis ortum nasci debeant: nec volare noctibus propter frigora, quidam voluêre. Quod ut verum non sit, cum de provincia in provinciam continuata quandoque plurium dierum profectione trans mare demigrant, aliàs tamen verè dici vel ex hoc loco colligitur.''

[[Fasciculus:Виньетка - Acta Sanctorum.png|center]]&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;
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    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/19</title>
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|-
| colspan=4 | sine ''dâghesh'' leni
| colspan=4 | cum ''dâghesh'' leni 
|-
|{{Hebraica|ב}}
| ''bh''
|{{Hebraica|קֶרֶב}}
| ''qerebh,''
|{{Hebraica|בּ}}
|''b''
|{{Hebraica|קִרְבּוֹ}}
|''qirbô,''
|-
|{{Hebraica|ג}}
|''gh''
|{{Hebraica|מָג}}
|''mâgh,''
|{{Hebraica|גּ}}
|''g''
|{{Hebraica|גָּדוֹל}}
|''gâdhôl,''
|-
|{{Hebraica|ד}}
|''dh''
|{{Hebraica|מָדָי}}
|''mâdhây,''
|{{Hebraica|דּ}}
|''d''
|{{Hebraica|דּוֹר}}
|''dôr,''
|-
|{{Hebraica|כ}}
|''ch''
|{{Hebraica|זָכָר}}
|''zâchâr,''
|{{Hebraica|כּ}}
|''k''
|{{Hebraica|לִשְׂכֹּר}}
|''liskôr,''
|-
|{{Hebraica|פ}}
|''ph,f''
|{{Hebraica|נֶפֶשׁ}}
|''nephesh,''
|{{Hebraica|פּ}}
|''p''
|{{Hebraica|פָּתָח}}
|''pâthaḥ,''

|-
|{{Hebraica|ת}}
|''th''
|{{Hebraica|יָתֵד}}
|''yâthêd,''
|{{Hebraica|}}
|''t;;
|{{Hebraica|קַמְתָּ}}
|''qamtâ.''
|}

&lt;small&gt;{{sc|Adnotatio.}} — Non recte Hebraei hodierni litteras {{Hebraica|ב}} et {{Hebraica|ת}}, sine ''dâghesh'' 
leni, per ''v'' et ''d'' efferre videntur.&lt;/small&gt; 

16. — Punctum ''dâghesh'' lene inscribitur litteris {{Hebraica|ב}}, 
{{Hebraica|ג}}, {{Hebraica|ד}}, {{Hebraica|כ}}, {{Hebraica|פ}}, {{Hebraica|ת}}

''a'') cum eae litterae sint in principio vocum. Ex. {{Hebraica|בָּדַל}}
''bâdhal'', {{Hebraica|גָּדוֹל}} ''gâdhôl'', {{Hebraica|פָּקַד}} ''pâgadh'', cet.; 

''b'') cum sint in exordio orationis, vel post pausam; 

''c'') post syllabam quae in consonantem desinat, vel 
post vocalem ''shĕvâ'' mutam (§ 22). Ex. {{Hebraica|עַל כֵּן}} ''‘al kên'', {{Hebraica|קַמְתָּ}} 
''qamtâ'' (non ''qamĕthâ''), cet. 

17. — Litterae {{Hebraica|ב}}, 
{{Hebraica|ג}}, {{Hebraica|ד}}, {{Hebraica|כ}}, {{Hebraica|פ}}, {{Hebraica|ת}}, recipiunt etiam 
punctum ''dâghesh'' forte. Ex. {{Hebraica|יִתֵּןֽ}} ''yittên'', non ''yitên'', ponitur enim 
''yitiên'' pro ''yintên'' (§ 97). Sed quomodo haec dignoscenda 
sint, grammatica plura docebit. 

18. — Signum ''rêpheh'' (i. e. ''lenis'') est lineola litteris 
Superposita quae leniore quadam pronuneiatione efferri 
debent, praesertim litterae {{Hebraica|ה}} quae signo ''mappîq'' (§ 5 ''c,'' 
§ 19) non sit notata. Ex. {{Hebraica|הַראשָׁהֿ}} ''hârôshâh''. Reperitur in 
manuscriptis S. Scripturae, sed in editionibus excussis fere 
numquam retinetur. 

19. — Signum ''mappîq'' (i. e. ''producens'') figitur in littera 
{{Hebraica|ה}} in fine vocum ad notandam vehementiorem quamdam&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/27</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276834</id>
      <parentid>275952</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:58:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276834</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2763" sha1="m4bs1c2uztogxtxdpbyj0dsdjmqaxq0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;15&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''vere est,'' i. e. Deus verus. Hoc eruitur praesertim e 
celeberrimo illo Exodi loco (III, 14) in quo Deus de se ipso 
dicit: {{Hebraica|אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה}} ''’ehyeh ’ăsher ’ehyeh,'' i. e. Ego sum 
qui sum Theodoretus Antiochenus, qui floruit saeculo V 
post Ch. n., testatus jam erat Samaritanos Nomen Dei 
efferre per {{Graeca|Ἰαβὲ}}, quod est {{Hebraica|יַהְוֶה}} ''yahveh''&lt;ref&gt;{{lingua|de|{{sc|{{wl|Q61525|Gesenius}}}}, ''Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch, bearb. von {{sc|{{wl|Q324191|F. Burl}}, {{wl|Q89647|A. Socin}}, {{wl|Q115000|H. Zimmern}}.}} Leipzig, 1895.}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

44. — In legendo tamen, usum vulgarem et 
communem melius erit retinere cum Hebraei efferant non per 
''yahveh'' Nomen Dei, sed per ''’ădhônây.'' 


{{ct|{{§|10.}} Specimen {{pt|scripturae et lecturae|legendi rationis}}. Psalmus I.}} &lt;!--cf. errata corrige--&gt;
&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;{{Hebraica|אַשְׁרֵי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָלַךְ בַּעֲצַת רְשָׁעִים וּבְדֶרֶךְ חַטָּאִים 
לֹא עָמָ֑ד וּבְמשַׁב לֵצִים לֹא יָשָֽׁב׃ כִּי אִם בְּתוֹרַת יְהֹוָה 
חֶפְצוֹ וּבְתוֹרָת֥וֹ יֶהְגֶּה יוֹמָם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ וְהָיָה כְּעֵץ שָׁתוּל 
עַל־פַּלְגֵ֫י־מָ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר פִּרְיוֹ יִתֵּן בְּעִתּוֹ וְעָלֵהוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל וְכֹ֖ל 
אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה יַצְלִֽיחַ׃ לֹא־כֵן הָֽרְשָׁעִים כִּי אִם־כַּמֹּץ 
אֲשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ׃ עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יָקֻמוּ רְשָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 
וְחַטָּאִים בַּעֲדַת צַדִּיקִֽים׃ כִּֽי־יוֹדֵעַ יְהֹוָה דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְדֶרֶךְ 
רְשָׁעִים תֹּאבֵֽד׃}}&lt;/p&gt;

''’Ashrê hâ’îsh ’ăsher lô’ hâlach ba‘ăzath rĕshâ‘îm'' 
''ûbhdherech ḥaṭṭâ’îm lô’ ‘âmâdh, ûbhmôshabh lêzîm lô’ yâshâbh. Kî'' 
''’im bĕthôrath ’adhônay'' (§ 43, 44) ''ḥephzô,  ûbhthôrâth֥ô yehĕgeh'' 
''yômâm vâlâylâh. Vĕhâyâh kĕ‘êz shâthûl ‘al-palgê-mâ֥yim'' 
''’ăsher piryô yittên bĕ‘ittô vĕ‘âlêhû lô’-yibbôl vĕchôl ’ăsher'' 
''ya‘ăseh yazlîaḥ. Lô’-chên hârĕshâ‘îm kî ’im-kammôz'' 
''’ăsher-tiddĕphennû rûaḥ. ‘Al-kên lô’-yâqumû rĕshâ‘îm bammishpâṭ'' 
''vĕḥaṭṭâ’îm ba‘ădhath zaddîqîm. Kî yôdhêa‘ ’adhônây derech'' 
''zaddîqîm vĕdherech rĕshâ‘îm tô’bhêdh.'' 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m4bs1c2uztogxtxdpbyj0dsdjmqaxq0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276835</id>
      <parentid>276834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:01:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Errata corrige</comment>
      <origin>276835</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2809" sha1="9adui1hjrqnkc0uwqnzvp5z9fl473rb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;15&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''vere est,'' i. e. Deus verus. Hoc eruitur praesertim e 
celeberrimo illo Exodi loco (III, 14) in quo Deus de se ipso 
dicit: {{Hebraica|אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה}} ''’ehyeh ’ăsher ’ehyeh,'' i. e. Ego sum 
qui sum Theodoretus Antiochenus, qui floruit saeculo V 
post Ch. n., testatus jam erat Samaritanos Nomen Dei 
efferre per {{Graeca|Ἰαβὲ}}, quod est {{Hebraica|יַהְוֶה}} ''yahveh''&lt;ref&gt;{{lingua|de|{{sc|{{wl|Q61525|Gesenius}}}}, ''Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch, bearb. von {{sc|{{wl|Q324191|F. Burl}}, {{wl|Q89647|A. Socin}}, {{wl|Q115000|H. Zimmern}}.}} Leipzig, 1895.}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

44. — In legendo tamen, usum vulgarem et 
communem melius erit retinere cum Hebraei efferant non per 
''yahveh'' Nomen Dei, sed per ''’ădhônây.'' 


{{ct|{{§|10.}} Specimen {{pt|scripturae et lecturae|legendi rationis}}. Psalmus I.}} &lt;!--cf. errata corrige--&gt;
&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;{{Hebraica|אַשְׁרֵי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָלַךְ בַּעֲצַת רְשָׁעִים וּבְדֶרֶךְ חַטָּאִים 
לֹא עָמָ֑ד וּבְמשַׁב לֵצִים לֹא יָשָֽׁב׃ כִּי אִם בְּתוֹרַת יְהֹוָה 
{{pt|חֶפצוֹ|חֶפְצוֹ}} וּבְתוֹרָת֥וֹ יֶהְגֶּה יוֹמָם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ וְהָיָה כְּעֵץ שָׁתוּל 
עַל־פַּלְגֵ֫י־מָ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר פִּרְיוֹ יִתֵּן בְּעִתּוֹ וְעָלֵהוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל וְכֹ֖ל 
אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה {{pt|יַצְלִֽיחַ|יַצְלִיחַ}}׃ לֹא־כֵן הָֽרְשָׁעִים כִּי אִם־כַּמֹּץ 
אֲשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ׃ עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יָקֻמוּ רְשָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 
וְחַטָּאִים בַּעֲדַת צַדִּיקִֽים׃ כִּֽי־יוֹדֵעַ יְהֹוָה דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְדֶרֶךְ 
רְשָׁעִים תֹּאבֵֽד׃}}&lt;/p&gt;

''’Ashrê hâ’îsh ’ăsher lô’ hâlach ba‘ăzath rĕshâ‘îm'' 
''ûbhdherech ḥaṭṭâ’îm lô’ ‘âmâdh, ûbhmôshabh lêzîm lô’ yâshâbh. Kî'' 
''’im bĕthôrath ’adhônay'' (§ 43, 44) ''ḥephzô,  ûbhthôrâth֥ô yehĕgeh'' 
''yômâm vâlâylâh. Vĕhâyâh kĕ‘êz shâthûl ‘al-palgê-mâ֥yim'' 
''’ăsher piryô yittên bĕ‘ittô vĕ‘âlêhû lô’-yibbôl vĕchôl ’ăsher'' 
''ya‘ăseh yazlîaḥ. Lô’-chên hârĕshâ‘îm kî ’im-kammôz'' 
''’ăsher-tiddĕphennû rûaḥ. ‘Al-kên lô’-yâqumû rĕshâ‘îm bammishpâṭ'' 
''vĕḥaṭṭâ’îm ba‘ădhath zaddîqîm. Kî yôdhêa‘ ’adhônây derech'' 
''zaddîqîm vĕdherech rĕshâ‘îm tô’bhêdh.'' 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9adui1hjrqnkc0uwqnzvp5z9fl473rb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276836</id>
      <parentid>276835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:02:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276836</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2809" sha1="2yud1yiw3dbrfngq4pa4fno39trcer6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;15&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''vere est,'' i. e. Deus verus. Hoc eruitur praesertim e 
celeberrimo illo Exodi loco (III, 14) in quo Deus de se ipso 
dicit: {{Hebraica|אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה}} ''’ehyeh ’ăsher ’ehyeh,'' i. e. Ego sum 
qui sum Theodoretus Antiochenus, qui floruit saeculo V 
post Ch. n., testatus jam erat Samaritanos Nomen Dei 
efferre per {{Graeca|Ἰαβὲ}}, quod est {{Hebraica|יַהְוֶה}} ''yahveh''&lt;ref&gt;{{lingua|de|{{sc|{{wl|Q61525|Gesenius}}}}, ''Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch, bearb. von {{sc|{{wl|Q324191|F. Burl}}, {{wl|Q89647|A. Socin}}, {{wl|Q115000|H. Zimmern}}.}} Leipzig, 1895.}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

44. — In legendo tamen, usum vulgarem et 
communem melius erit retinere cum Hebraei efferant non per 
''yahveh'' Nomen Dei, sed per ''’ădhônây.'' 


{{ct|{{§|10.}} Specimen scripturae et {{pt|lecturae|legendi rationis}}. Psalmus I.}} &lt;!--cf. errata corrige--&gt;
&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;{{Hebraica|אַשְׁרֵי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָלַךְ בַּעֲצַת רְשָׁעִים וּבְדֶרֶךְ חַטָּאִים 
לֹא עָמָ֑ד וּבְמשַׁב לֵצִים לֹא יָשָֽׁב׃ כִּי אִם בְּתוֹרַת יְהֹוָה 
{{pt|חֶפצוֹ|חֶפְצוֹ}} וּבְתוֹרָת֥וֹ יֶהְגֶּה יוֹמָם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ וְהָיָה כְּעֵץ שָׁתוּל 
עַל־פַּלְגֵ֫י־מָ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר פִּרְיוֹ יִתֵּן בְּעִתּוֹ וְעָלֵהוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל וְכֹ֖ל 
אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה {{pt|יַצְלִֽיחַ|יַצְלִיחַ}}׃ לֹא־כֵן הָֽרְשָׁעִים כִּי אִם־כַּמֹּץ 
אֲשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ׃ עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יָקֻמוּ רְשָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 
וְחַטָּאִים בַּעֲדַת צַדִּיקִֽים׃ כִּֽי־יוֹדֵעַ יְהֹוָה דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְדֶרֶךְ 
רְשָׁעִים תֹּאבֵֽד׃}}&lt;/p&gt;

''’Ashrê hâ’îsh ’ăsher lô’ hâlach ba‘ăzath rĕshâ‘îm'' 
''ûbhdherech ḥaṭṭâ’îm lô’ ‘âmâdh, ûbhmôshabh lêzîm lô’ yâshâbh. Kî'' 
''’im bĕthôrath ’adhônay'' (§ 43, 44) ''ḥephzô,  ûbhthôrâth֥ô yehĕgeh'' 
''yômâm vâlâylâh. Vĕhâyâh kĕ‘êz shâthûl ‘al-palgê-mâ֥yim'' 
''’ăsher piryô yittên bĕ‘ittô vĕ‘âlêhû lô’-yibbôl vĕchôl ’ăsher'' 
''ya‘ăseh yazlîaḥ. Lô’-chên hârĕshâ‘îm kî ’im-kammôz'' 
''’ăsher-tiddĕphennû rûaḥ. ‘Al-kên lô’-yâqumû rĕshâ‘îm bammishpâṭ'' 
''vĕḥaṭṭâ’îm ba‘ădhath zaddîqîm. Kî yôdhêa‘ ’adhônây derech'' 
''zaddîqîm vĕdherech rĕshâ‘îm tô’bhêdh.'' 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2yud1yiw3dbrfngq4pa4fno39trcer6</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/34</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>84965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276831</id>
      <parentid>275985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276831</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1442" sha1="9idnxrugqxs0iijm88qyltuklz9z55r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;22&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;57. — Imperfectum hebraicum vim saepius habet 
futuri. Ex. {{Hebraica|יִקְטֹל}} ''necabit.'' Vicem tamen gerit, non raro, vel 
praesentis vel temporis imperfecti (''necat, necabat'') Ad 
haec omnia dignoscenda adjumenti erit tironibus 
contextus orationis (vide etiam §270 et seqq.). 

58. — Modus Imperativus 2&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; personam tantum 
habet, pro 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; enim 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti persona usurpatur. Nullum 
habet praefixum; terminationes quas recipit, sunt: 

{|
|-
|''sing.''
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc.
|{{Hebraica|־}}
|''plur.''
|{{Hebraica|־וּ}}
|- 
|
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; fem.
|{{Hebraica|־ִי}}
|
|{{Hebraica|־נָה}}
|}

Persona 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc. sing. constat ternis tantum 
radicalibus verbi. Vocales, quas recipit, paradigma in flexione 
docebit. 

59. — Cum Imperativus prohibendo vel vetando 
inserviat, pro 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; persona Imperativi 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti adhibetur. 

60. — Ad Infinitivi et Participiorum formam 
dignoscendam atque explicandam, satis erit inspicere 
paradigmata flexionis. 

61. — Terminationes et praefixa quae supra retulimus, 
fragmenta et reliquiae sunt, ut ita dicamus, pronominum 
personalium. Inspice, ideo, caput quod de pronominibus 
disserit. 


{{ct|{{§|{{pt|5.|4.}} De flexione primae formae ''qal.''}} 
62. — Paradigma sit radix verbalis {{Hebraica|קָטַל}} ''necavit'' 
(§ 45, 46). Forma autem ''qal'' flectitur: 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9idnxrugqxs0iijm88qyltuklz9z55r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276832</id>
      <parentid>276831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276832</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1444" sha1="hcykh9c4yf4bkkbgnsx84y11sa48mou" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;22&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;57. — Imperfectum hebraicum vim saepius habet 
futuri. Ex. {{Hebraica|יִקְטֹל}} ''necabit.'' Vicem tamen gerit, non raro, vel 
praesentis vel temporis imperfecti (''necat, necabat'') Ad 
haec omnia dignoscenda adjumenti erit tironibus 
contextus orationis (vide etiam §270 et seqq.). 

58. — Modus Imperativus 2&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; personam tantum 
habet, pro 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; enim 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti persona usurpatur. Nullum 
habet praefixum; terminationes quas recipit, sunt: 

{|
|-
|''sing.''
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc.
|{{Hebraica|־}}
|''plur.''
|{{Hebraica|־וּ}}
|- 
|
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; fem.
|{{Hebraica|־ִי}}
|
|{{Hebraica|־נָה}}
|}

Persona 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc. sing. constat ternis tantum 
radicalibus verbi. Vocales, quas recipit, paradigma in flexione 
docebit. 

59. — Cum Imperativus prohibendo vel vetando 
inserviat, pro 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; persona Imperativi 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti adhibetur. 

60. — Ad Infinitivi et Participiorum formam 
dignoscendam atque explicandam, satis erit inspicere 
paradigmata flexionis. 

61. — Terminationes et praefixa quae supra retulimus, 
fragmenta et reliquiae sunt, ut ita dicamus, pronominum 
personalium. Inspice, ideo, caput quod de pronominibus 
disserit. 


{{ct|{{§|{{pt|5.|4.}}}} De flexione primae formae ''qal.''}} 
62. — Paradigma sit radix verbalis {{Hebraica|קָטַל}} ''necavit'' 
(§ 45, 46). Forma autem ''qal'' flectitur: 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276833</id>
      <parentid>276832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:55:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1454" sha1="6ibwl0utl5iltlrdg02qrf4i60a8z1m" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;22&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;57. — Imperfectum hebraicum vim saepius habet 
futuri. Ex. {{Hebraica|יִקְטֹל}} ''necabit.'' Vicem tamen gerit, non raro, vel 
praesentis vel temporis imperfecti (''necat, necabat'') Ad 
haec omnia dignoscenda adjumenti erit tironibus 
contextus orationis (vide etiam §270 et seqq.). 

58. — Modus Imperativus 2&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; personam tantum 
habet, pro 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; enim 3&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti persona usurpatur. Nullum 
habet praefixum; terminationes quas recipit, sunt: 

{|width=100%
|-
|''sing.''
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc.
|{{Hebraica|־}}
|''plur.''
|{{Hebraica|־וּ}}
|- 
|
|2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; fem.
|{{Hebraica|־ִי}}
|
|{{Hebraica|־נָה}}
|}

Persona 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; masc. sing. constat ternis tantum 
radicalibus verbi. Vocales, quas recipit, paradigma in flexione 
docebit. 

59. — Cum Imperativus prohibendo vel vetando 
inserviat, pro 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; persona Imperativi 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Imperfecti adhibetur. 

60. — Ad Infinitivi et Participiorum formam 
dignoscendam atque explicandam, satis erit inspicere 
paradigmata flexionis. 

61. — Terminationes et praefixa quae supra retulimus, 
fragmenta et reliquiae sunt, ut ita dicamus, pronominum 
personalium. Inspice, ideo, caput quod de pronominibus 
disserit. 


{{ct|{{§|{{pt|5.|4.}}}} De flexione primae formae ''qal.''}} 
62. — Paradigma sit radix verbalis {{Hebraica|קָטַל}} ''necavit'' 
(§ 45, 46). Forma autem ''qal'' flectitur: 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6ibwl0utl5iltlrdg02qrf4i60a8z1m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scriptor:Michael Asin Palacios</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>85137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276837</id>
      <parentid>276697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:06:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Opera */</comment>
      <origin>276837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="219" sha1="tps4jbdx5erujzni7lgswq9odp4ty82" xml:space="preserve">{{scriptor|IndicisNomen=Asin Palacios, Michael}}

== Opera ==
* Logia et agrapha Domini Jesu apud moslemicos scriptores, asceticos praesertim, usitata (Paris, 1916, 1919)
* [[Elementa grammaticae Arabicae]] (Roma, 1942)</text>
      <sha1>tps4jbdx5erujzni7lgswq9odp4ty82</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/8</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276844</id>
      <parentid>276665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:27:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276844</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2532" sha1="1r4yzvucawlth4ozgn3x36ox8vqey97" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;6&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{ct|VOCALES LONGAE}} 
9.— Sunt eaedem vocales a, i, u, addita littera 
homophona. Sic Â = a + alif, Î = i + y, Û = u + W.
Littera W habet eandem formam ac u, sed maiorem 
molem, sic {{lingua|ar|ُ}}&amp;emsp;, w {{lingua|ar|و}}. Legitur ut u consonans in quam, 
uomo, hueso, causa; non unitur cum alia littera eam 
sequente. En vocales longas: â {{lingua|ar| َا}}&amp;ensp;, î{{lingua|ar| ِيـ}}&amp;ensp;; {{lingua|ar|ـِيـ}}; {{lingua|ar| ِي}}&amp;ensp;, 
û {{lingua|ar| ُو}}. Â longum finale saepe habet y loco alif, 
amissis punctis diacriticis, sic {{lingua|ar| َى}}&amp;ensp;. Exemplum: {{lingua|ar|اَتَى}} 
atâ. Sed si hoc â desinit esse finale — addito 
suffixo — generatim assumit formam generalem â longi 
({{lingua|ar| َا}}&amp;ensp;), v.gr. {{lingua|ar|اَتَانِي}} atâ- nî. In aliquibus vocibus 
valde notis, ut in nomine Dei, â scribitur ut 
parvus ductus verticalis ({{lingua|ar| ٰ}}&amp;ensp;) supra litteram: {{lingua|ar|اَلْلٰهُ}} 
Allâhu. Vocales longae sunt elementum essentiale 
desinentiae pluralis regularis, n.70. 

10.— Litterae alif, w, y prout efformant vocales 
longas dicuntur litterae prolongationis. 

11.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبُو}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبِي}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبَا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَيْنَ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَابُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَابَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَتُوبُ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَيْتَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاتَ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|نَابَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوبُ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَانَ}} 13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبِينُ}} 
14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَنَى}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ثَبُتَ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَثْبُتُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ثَابِتُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكَلْبُ}} 19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكِلَابُ}} 
20&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَبَ}} 21&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَكْتُبُ}} 22&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|لَكَ}} 23&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكَاتِبُ}} 24&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكُتُبُ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;abû 2&amp;nbsp;abî 3&amp;nbsp;abâ 4&amp;nbsp;bayna 5&amp;nbsp;bâbu
6&amp;nbsp;tâba 7&amp;nbsp;yatûbu 8&amp;nbsp;bayta 9&amp;nbsp;bâta 10&amp;nbsp;nâba 11&amp;nbsp;yanûbu 
12&amp;nbsp;bâna 13&amp;nbsp;yabînu 14&amp;nbsp;banâ 15&amp;nbsp;ṯabuta 16&amp;nbsp;yaṯbutu 
17&amp;nbsp;ṯâbitu 18&amp;nbsp;al-kalbu 19&amp;nbsp;al-kilâbu 20&amp;nbsp;kataba 
21&amp;nbsp;yak—tubu 22&amp;nbsp;laka 23&amp;nbsp;al-kâtibu 24&amp;nbsp;al-kutubu. 

12.— {{u|Alius typus}} litterarus est {{lingua|ar|حـ}}. Tres {{pt|litte-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1r4yzvucawlth4ozgn3x36ox8vqey97</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276845</id>
      <parentid>276844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:28:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276845</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2530" sha1="sfd9rl2kvf3my4ohi8okvv5jp96zfds" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;6&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{ct|VOCALES LONGAE}} 
9.— Sunt eaedem vocales a, i, u, addita littera 
homophona. Sic Â = a + alif, Î = i + y, Û = u + W.
Littera W habet eandem formam ac u, sed maiorem 
molem, sic {{lingua|ar|ُ}}&amp;emsp;, w {{lingua|ar|و}}. Legitur ut u consonans in quam, 
uomo, hueso, causa; non unitur cum alia littera eam 
sequente. En vocales longas: â {{lingua|ar| َا}}&amp;ensp;, î{{lingua|ar| ِيـ}}&amp;ensp;; {{lingua|ar|ـِيـ}}; {{lingua|ar| ِي}}&amp;ensp;, 
û {{lingua|ar| ُو}}. Â longum finale saepe habet y loco alif, 
amissis punctis diacriticis, sic {{lingua|ar| َى}}&amp;ensp;. Exemplum: {{lingua|ar|اَتَى}} 
atâ. Sed si hoc â desinit esse finale — addito 
suffixo — generatim assumit formam generalem â longi 
({{lingua|ar| َا}}&amp;ensp;), v.gr. {{lingua|ar|اَتَانِي}} atâ- nî. In aliquibus vocibus 
valde notis, ut in nomine Dei, â scribitur ut 
parvus ductus verticalis ({{lingua|ar| ٰ}}&amp;ensp;) supra litteram: {{lingua|ar|اَلْلٰهُ}} 
Allâhu. Vocales longae sunt elementum essentiale 
desinentiae pluralis regularis, n.70. 

10.— Litterae alif, w, y prout efformant vocales 
longas dicuntur litterae prolongationis. 

11.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبُو}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبِي}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبَا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَيْنَ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَابُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَابَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَتُوبُ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَيْتَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاتَ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|نَابَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوبُ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَانَ}} 13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبِينُ}} 
14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَنَى}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ثَبُتَ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَثْبُتُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ثَابِتُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكَلْبُ}} 19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكِلَابُ}} 
20&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَبَ}} 21&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَكْتُبُ}} 22&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|لَكَ}} 23&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكَاتِبُ}} 24&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَلْكُتُبُ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;abû 2&amp;nbsp;abî 3&amp;nbsp;abâ 4&amp;nbsp;bayna 5&amp;nbsp;bâbu
6&amp;nbsp;tâba 7&amp;nbsp;yatûbu 8&amp;nbsp;bayta 9&amp;nbsp;bâta 10&amp;nbsp;nâba 11&amp;nbsp;yanûbu 
12&amp;nbsp;bâna 13&amp;nbsp;yabînu 14&amp;nbsp;banâ 15&amp;nbsp;ṯabuta 16&amp;nbsp;yaṯbutu 
17&amp;nbsp;ṯâbitu 18&amp;nbsp;al-kalbu 19&amp;nbsp;al-kilâbu 20&amp;nbsp;kataba 
21&amp;nbsp;yak-tubu 22&amp;nbsp;laka 23&amp;nbsp;al-kâtibu 24&amp;nbsp;al-kutubu. 

12.— {{u|Alius typus}} litterarus est {{lingua|ar|حـ}}. Tres {{pt|litte-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sfd9rl2kvf3my4ohi8okvv5jp96zfds</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/9</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85152</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276843</id>
      <parentid>276666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276843</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2386" sha1="ppmtqsd9jt216rexf2jqkjjnxg7n8fd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;7&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|rae|litterae}} hanc formam induunt: {{lingua|ar|حـ}} ḥ, {{lingua|ar|جـ}} ǵ, {{lingua|ar|خـ}} ẖ; ǵ
legitur ut g italicum in {{lingua|it|già}}, vel j in James; ẖ 
ut j hispanioum vel ch germanicum in {{lingua|de|nach, noch}}; 
ḥ definitur “pharingalis fricativa surda”. Est 
h valde aspiratum simile sono qui in Toscana 
auditur in vocibus ut {{lingua|it|Monte Catini = Monte Hatini}}, 
sine ulla vibratione uvulae, quae energice vibrat 
in ẖ. En earum formas: 
{{lingua|ar|جـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـجـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـج}} {{lingua|ar|ج}} ǵ; {{lingua|ar|خـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـخـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـخ}} {{lingua|ar|خ}} ẖ; {{lingua|ar|حـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـحـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـح}} {{lingua|ar|ح}} ḥ.

13.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|حِينَ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|نَحْنُ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبَاحَ}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اُبِيحَ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|خَابَ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَخُونُ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَخُو}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَجَابَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُجِيبُونَ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تُجِيبُ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اِحْتَاجَ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَخٌ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَخًا}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُبَاحُ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تُبِيحُونَ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;ḥîna 2&amp;nbsp;naḥnu 3&amp;nbsp;abâḥa 4&amp;nbsp;ubîḥa 
5&amp;nbsp;ẖâba 6&amp;nbsp;yaẖûnu 7&amp;nbsp;aẖû 8&amp;nbsp;aǵâba 9&amp;nbsp;yuǵîbûna 
10&amp;nbsp;tuǵîbu 11&amp;nbsp;iḥtâǵa 12&amp;nbsp;aẖun 13&amp;nbsp;aẖan 14&amp;nbsp;yubâḥu 
15&amp;nbsp;tubîḥûna.

14.- Quettuor aliae litterge (ultra alif et w) 
{{u|non ligantur}} cum ulla littera eas sequente. Duo 
habent typum {{lingua|ar|د}} et alia duo {{lingua|ar|ر}}, sic: {{lingua|ar|د}} d; {{lingua|ar|ذ}} ḏ 
ut th in angl. {{lingua|en|there}}.— {{lingua|ar|ر}} r; {{lingua|ar|ز}} z, ut {{lingua|fr|zéro}}. 
Ligatae cum praecedente apparent ita: {{lingua|ar|ـد}} d, {{lingua|ar|ـذ}} ḏ, {{lingua|ar|ـر}}
r, {{lingua|ar|ـز}} z. Tirones nonnunquam confundunt {{lingua|ar|ر}} r et {{lingua|ar|و}}
w, {{lingua|ar|د}} d et {{lingua|ar|ل}} l, {{lingua|ar|ذ}} ḏ et {{lingua|ar|ن}} n. Notandum tamen quod 
{{lingua|ar|ذ}} ḏ nunquam ligatur cum sequenti. Cfr. ǵanaba 
{{lingua|ar|جَنَبَ}} et ǵaḏaba {{lingua|ar|جَذَبَ}} 

15.— {{u|Vocales duplicatae}}. Interdum vocales in&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ppmtqsd9jt216rexf2jqkjjnxg7n8fd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/26</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276866</id>
      <parentid>276681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:15:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276866</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1255" sha1="kdcrp96tmrignco7u4lwduyefwo3xzq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;24&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;61.- {{u|Forma II}}: taktîbun تَكْتِبٌ vel taktibatun 
تَكْتِبَةٌ. Exemplum: vox europaea tariffa, 
tarifa, tarif, تَعْرِيفٌ = notificatio, a radice ‘R F, 
nosse, quae in forma II (causativa) significat 
notificare. 

{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|VOX PASSIVA}}}}
62.— Hactenus de voce activa. Passiva 
distinguitur per vocales. {{u|Perfectum}} passivum habet I 
in paenultima radicali, U in reliquis litteris 
vocalisatis: kutiba, kuttiba, kûtiba, tukuttiba, 
ustuktiba, kutibat, ’uktibat, tukûtibat, 
uktutibû, ustuktibû etc. 

63.— {{u|Reliqua quae non sunt perfectum}}: U in 
praeformanti, A in secunda radicali: yuktabu, 
nuktabu, yukattabu, yutakattabu, yustaktabûna, 
mukâtabun, mutakattabun etc. 

N.B. Imperfectum formae I et IV differt tantum 
vocalibus; ideo hae formae in passiva sunt 
identicae, cum utraque vocalisetur U – A, sic 
yuktabu, tuktabu etc. est forma I vel IV. Solus 
contextus decidet. 

Participia: mukattabun, mukâtabun, muktabun, 
mutakattabun, mutakâtabun, munkatabun, 
muktatabun, mustaktabun. 


{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|{{lsp|50%|PRONOMIN}}A}}}}
64.— {{u|PERSONALIA}}. Sunt separata vel suffixa: 
suffixa sunt complementa, v.gr. qatala-hu, {{pt|oc-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kdcrp96tmrignco7u4lwduyefwo3xzq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276867</id>
      <parentid>276866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:16:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>276867</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1256" sha1="a28jsc4o6bsw64az8fhxaz43o7yikxg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;24&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;61.- {{u|Forma II}}: taktîbun تَكْتِبٌ vel taktibatun 
تَكْتِبَةٌ. Exemplum: vox europaea tariffa, 
tarifa, tarif, تَعْرِيفٌ = notificatio, a radice ‘ R F, 
nosse, quae in forma II (causativa) significat 
notificare. 

{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|VOX PASSIVA}}}}
62.— Hactenus de voce activa. Passiva 
distinguitur per vocales. {{u|Perfectum}} passivum habet I 
in paenultima radicali, U in reliquis litteris 
vocalisatis: kutiba, kuttiba, kûtiba, tukuttiba, 
ustuktiba, kutibat, ’uktibat, tukûtibat, 
uktutibû, ustuktibû etc. 

63.— {{u|Reliqua quae non sunt perfectum}}: U in 
praeformanti, A in secunda radicali: yuktabu, 
nuktabu, yukattabu, yutakattabu, yustaktabûna, 
mukâtabun, mutakattabun etc. 

N.B. Imperfectum formae I et IV differt tantum 
vocalibus; ideo hae formae in passiva sunt 
identicae, cum utraque vocalisetur U – A, sic 
yuktabu, tuktabu etc. est forma I vel IV. Solus 
contextus decidet. 

Participia: mukattabun, mukâtabun, muktabun, 
mutakattabun, mutakâtabun, munkatabun, 
muktatabun, mustaktabun. 


{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|{{lsp|50%|PRONOMIN}}A}}}}
64.— {{u|PERSONALIA}}. Sunt separata vel suffixa: 
suffixa sunt complementa, v.gr. qatala-hu, {{pt|oc-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a28jsc4o6bsw64az8fhxaz43o7yikxg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/25</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276865</id>
      <parentid>276682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:11:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276865</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1453" sha1="91tjuoodthj0eo9zk3rj8d7o08fzn41" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;23&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|mina|“nomina}} actionis”, sicut nomina declinantur, ut 
interdum in nostris linguis: {{lingua|es|por amar, por haber 
amado}}, {{lingua|it|per non potere}}, {{lingua|de|durch das viele Lesen}} etc. 

57.— Nomina formae 1&lt;sup&gt;ae&lt;/sup&gt; efficiunt maximam 
partem nominum arabicorum. Constant tribus litteris, 
mutatis diversimode vocalibus: katbun, kitbun, 
kutbun, katabun etc.; kutbânun, katabatun, 
kutbâ vel similia, cum desinentiis -ânun, {{lingua|ar|َانٌ}}&amp;ensp;, 
-â {{lingua|ar|َى}}&amp;ensp;, -atun (feminini), v. gr. qur'ânun, {{lingua|ar|قُرْآنٌ}}
recitatio, Qoranus. 

58.— Inter nomina formae I notanda sunt quae 
{{u|M initiale}} accipiunt: ma‘rifatum {{lingua|ar|مَعْرِفَةٌ}}, 
cognitio, cognoscere. 

59.— {{u|Formae derivatae}} — maximam partem — 
servant schemata perfecti. Sic formae IV ad X. Sed: 
V et VI habent U in 2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; radicali: tekattubun, 
takâtubun; IV, VII, VIII, X habent Â in 
paenultima radicali, I in praecedentibus syllabis 
vocalisatis: IV ’iktâbun (cfr, ’islâmun, Islam), VII 
inkitâbun, VIII iktitâbun, X istiktâbun. Haec 
tria ultima, prout incipientia sine vocali, 
accipiunt signum ({{lingua|ar|ٱ}}) et vocalem subsidiariam i, n. 21. 

60.— {{u|Forma III}} habet ut nomen participium 
femininum passivum (n. 63): mukâtabatun {{lingua|ar|مُكَاتَبَةٌ}}, 
val typum kitâbun {{lingua|ar|كِتَابٌ}}. 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>91tjuoodthj0eo9zk3rj8d7o08fzn41</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/24</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276864</id>
      <parentid>276683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:06:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276864</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1461" sha1="5eipgurfd8vosafpm212v188vc3ndgt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;22&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;praemittunt MU schemati perfecti, sed in 
paenultima radicali habent I (passivam v. n. 63). Sic a 
kattaba MUkattIbun, a kâtaba MUkâtibun; reliqua:
muktibun, mutakattibun, mutakâtibun, munkatibun, 
muktatibun, mustaktibun. (Exempla nominum 
exhibemus in nominativo indeterminato). 

55.— {{u|Forma I}} habet participium activum {{u|kÂtIbun}} 
{{lingua|ar|كَاتِبٌ}}, passivum {{u|MAktÛbun}}, v. gr. mamlûkun, 
possessus, a malaka, possidere; inde mammalucco, 
mameluc, servus, schiavo: {{lingua|ar|مَمْلُوكٌ}}, {{lingua|ar|مَكْتُوبٌ}}. 

Hi typi non deberent confundi cum ullo alio, 
nam nullus alius typus nominalis habet â longum 
in prima radicali vel complexum M + û longum in
2&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;.  Nil mirum si participia saepe sensu 
participiali carent, nam idem accidit in nostris linguis: 
ital. {{lingua|it|sorgente, Stato}}, hisp. {{lingua|es|teniente, cercado}} 
etc. 


{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|NOMINA VERBALIA}}}}
56.— Nomina arabica sunt verbalia — seu 
radicis verbalis — paucis exceptis, quae primitiva 
dicuntur, ut yadun {{lingua|ar|يَدٌ}}, manus. Possunt 
comparari cum vocibus amor, amabilis, amicitia, 
amicabilis, amatio etc. a radice “amandi”. 
Simplicitatis causa non distinguimus plures 
categorias nominum 1&lt;sup&gt;ae&lt;/sup&gt;  formae, praeter aliqua quae typum 
vere singularem exhibent (n. 58), cum eorum sensus 
planus sit, cognita radice. Infinitiva seu {{pt|“no-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5eipgurfd8vosafpm212v188vc3ndgt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/23</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85163</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276863</id>
      <parentid>276684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T16:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276863</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1210" sha1="20fpumebapmum54606r9q5y3ff18vxa" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;21&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{ct|{{u|linestyle=double|{{lsp|50%|MOD}}I}}}}
Hactenus de indicativo. Perfectum non 
habet alios modos. En modos imperfecti: 

50.— {{u|Coniunctivus}}: habet A (loco u) ut 
desinentiam breve; desinentiae longae amittunt Na
(vel Ni, n. 71): yaktuba, naktuba, yukattiba, 
nastaktiba etc.; yukattibû (loca yukattibû-Na), 
tukattibû, yuktibû etc. 

51.— {{u|Iussivus}}: amittit desinentiam brevem; 
reliqua ut coniunctivus: yaktub (sine vocali), 
taktub, yukattib, natakattab..; yaktubû, taktubû, 
yukattibû… Ideo dicitur etiam apocopatus. 

52.— {{u|Imperativus}}: est thema imperfecti sine 
addito; seu: iussivus sine praeformanti, sic a 
taktub, taktubû fit ktub, ktubû, scribe, 
scribite; kattib, kattibû, kâtib, kâtibû, ’aktib, 
aktibû (f. IV), takattab, takattabû, iktatib, 
iktatibû etc. 

53.— N. B. Perfectum formarum VII, VIII, X et 
imperativus earundem et 1&lt;sup&gt;ae&lt;/sup&gt;  incipiunt sine 
vocali; ideo habent signum ({{lingua|ar|ٱ}}) et leguntur, si non
praecedantur vocali: inkataba, iktataba, 
istaktaba, iśrab, inṭiq; sed uktub, uktubû, propter 
U 2&lt;sup&gt;ae&lt;/sup&gt;  radicalis, n. 21. 

54.— Participia omnium formarum praeter 1&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>20fpumebapmum54606r9q5y3ff18vxa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/22</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276860</id>
      <parentid>276685</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:53:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276860</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2791" sha1="4a4w9r943het18jfzp63iqzyf6k68bt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;20&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|tima|paenultima}}.

48. - EXEMPLA: (1): a)II: yukattibu, tukattibu, 
nukattibu, 'ukattibu, yukattibûna, tukattibûna.. 
b)III: yukâtibu, tukâtibu, nukâtibu, 'ukâtibu, 
yukâtibûna... c)IV: yuktibu, tuktibu, nuktibu, 
'uktibu, yuktibûna, tuktibûna.. d)V: 
yatakattabu, tatakattabu, natakattabu, 'atakattabu, 
yatakattabûna, tatakattabûna..  e)VI: yatakâtabu, 
tatakâtabu, natakâtabu, 'atakâtabu, 
yatakâtabûna, tatakâtabûna.. f)VII: yankatibu, tankatibu, 
nankatibu, 'ankatibu, yankatibûna, tankatibûna.. 
g) yaktatibu, taktatibu, naktatibu, 'aktatibu, 
yaktatibûna, taktatibûna.. h) yastaktibu, 
tastaktibu, nastaktibu, 'astaktibu, yastaktibûna, 
tastaktibûna.... 

49. — N. B. Ut patet, forma IV nihil specisle 
habet in imperfecto, ideo a forma I differt tantum 
vocalibus, nam semper sonat yUktIbu etc., dum I 
est yAktubu (vel yAḥsabu, yAkburu). 

{{rule}}
(1) En eadem exempla arabice scripta:

a) {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُونَ}}. 

b) {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُونَ}}. 

c) {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُونَ}}. 

d) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}. 

c) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}. 

f) {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُونَ}}. 

g) {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُونَ}}. 

h) {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}. 


{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4a4w9r943het18jfzp63iqzyf6k68bt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276861</id>
      <parentid>276860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:55:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276861</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2829" sha1="fk0wolxc3w3ds0dcvm097z8odgoiphk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;20&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|tima|paenultima}}.

48. - EXEMPLA:&lt;ref&gt;En eadem exempla arabice scripta:&lt;br&gt;
a) {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
b) {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
c) {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
d) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
c) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
f) {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
g) {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
h) {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}.&lt;/ref&gt;: a)II: yukattibu, tukattibu, 
nukattibu, 'ukattibu, yukattibûna, tukattibûna.. 
b)III: yukâtibu, tukâtibu, nukâtibu, 'ukâtibu, 
yukâtibûna... c)IV: yuktibu, tuktibu, nuktibu, 
'uktibu, yuktibûna, tuktibûna.. d)V: 
yatakattabu, tatakattabu, natakattabu, 'atakattabu, 
yatakattabûna, tatakattabûna..  e)VI: yatakâtabu, 
tatakâtabu, natakâtabu, 'atakâtabu, 
yatakâtabûna, tatakâtabûna.. f)VII: yankatibu, tankatibu, 
nankatibu, 'ankatibu, yankatibûna, tankatibûna.. 
g) yaktatibu, taktatibu, naktatibu, 'aktatibu, 
yaktatibûna, taktatibûna.. h) yastaktibu, 
tastaktibu, nastaktibu, 'astaktibu, yastaktibûna, 
tastaktibûna.... 

49. — N. B. Ut patet, forma IV nihil specisle 
habet in imperfecto, ideo a forma I differt tantum 
vocalibus, nam semper sonat yUktIbu etc., dum I 
est yAktubu (vel yAḥsabu, yAkburu). 


{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rule}}

&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fk0wolxc3w3ds0dcvm097z8odgoiphk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276862</id>
      <parentid>276861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276862</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2829" sha1="5hcwl3mnxfzuyvgkk77a020inmx1y6i" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;20&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|tima|paenultima}}.

48.— EXEMPLA:&lt;ref&gt;En eadem exempla arabice scripta:&lt;br&gt;
a) {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَتِّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَتِّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَتِّبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
b) {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكَاتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكَاتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
c) {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أُكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يُكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تُكْتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
d) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَتَّبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَتَّبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
c) {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَتَكَاتَبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَتَكَاتَبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
f) {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَنْكَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَنْكَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَنْكَتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
g) {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَكْتَتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَكْتَتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَكْتَتِبُونَ}}. &lt;br&gt;
h) {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|نَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|أَسْتَكْتِبُ}}, {{lingua|ar|يَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}, {{lingua|ar|تَسْتَكْتِبُونَ}}.&lt;/ref&gt;: a)II: yukattibu, tukattibu, 
nukattibu, 'ukattibu, yukattibûna, tukattibûna.. 
b)III: yukâtibu, tukâtibu, nukâtibu, 'ukâtibu, 
yukâtibûna... c)IV: yuktibu, tuktibu, nuktibu, 
'uktibu, yuktibûna, tuktibûna.. d)V: 
yatakattabu, tatakattabu, natakattabu, 'atakattabu, 
yatakattabûna, tatakattabûna..  e)VI: yatakâtabu, 
tatakâtabu, natakâtabu, 'atakâtabu, 
yatakâtabûna, tatakâtabûna.. f)VII: yankatibu, tankatibu, 
nankatibu, 'ankatibu, yankatibûna, tankatibûna.. 
g) yaktatibu, taktatibu, naktatibu, 'aktatibu, 
yaktatibûna, taktatibûna.. h) yastaktibu, 
tastaktibu, nastaktibu, 'astaktibu, yastaktibûna, 
tastaktibûna.... 

49.— N. B. Ut patet, forma IV nihil specisle 
habet in imperfecto, ideo a forma I differt tantum 
vocalibus, nam semper sonat yUktIbu etc., dum I 
est yAktubu (vel yAḥsabu, yAkburu). 


{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rule}}

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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/21</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276858</id>
      <parentid>276686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:42:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276858</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1520" sha1="a8ql8pvuuvfggbskshsjy5r4qsokxe4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;19&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|positis|compositis}} latinis accurrere, decurrero, 
discurrere, excurrere, incurrere, occurrere, percurrere, 
recurrere, transcurrere etc. Agitur ergo potius 
de novis verbis, quae sensum primitivum mutant. 
Sic a qatala, occidere, III conatus est 
oocidere = aggressus est; a kataba, scribere, III 
kâtaba, fecit aliquem terminum scriptionis = ad 
illum scripsit etc. Hae formae sunt plus minus: 
II intensiva, causativa, III conativa, IV 
causativa, V reflexiva, VI reciproca, VII media, 
passiva, VIII reflexiva, X aestimativa, desiderativa. 
Haec clarebunt in analysi an. 156; nam praxis 
sola hos sensus docebit, qui saepe non a priori 
erui possunt: ideo Lexica omnes formas recensent, 
quas singula verba habent. Plura apud VECCIA 
VAGLIERI, pp. 138-151. 

{{left|{{u|linestyle=double|IMPERFECTUM  FORMARUM  DERIVATARUM}}}}
46.— Cum haec schemata serventur in omnibus 
temporibus et modis, si bene perspecta habeantur, 
nullam difficultatem faciant haec quae sequuntur. 
V. gr. ubicumque inveniatur secunda radicalis 
geminata habebitur forma II, sic: kattaba, kattabû, 
yukattibu, mukattabatin etc.; si praeter hanc 
geminationem habeatur praefixum ta-, agetur de 
forma VI: takattaba, yatakattabu, mutakattibatun 
etc. 

47.— Formae derivatae flectuntur ut forma I, 
n. 40-43, sed imperfectum vocalisatur iuxta 
sequentes regulas: II, III, IV habent U in 
praeformanti, I in paenultima, 

V et VI habent A in utraque, 

VII ad X habent A in praeformanti, I in {{pt|paenul-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a8ql8pvuuvfggbskshsjy5r4qsokxe4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276859</id>
      <parentid>276858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>276859</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1522" sha1="lfpz9jm9hhpt3e2nhbwvl9ff0znc3ld" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;19&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|positis|compositis}} latinis accurrere, decurrero, 
discurrere, excurrere, incurrere, occurrere, percurrere, 
recurrere, transcurrere etc. Agitur ergo potius 
de novis verbis, quae sensum primitivum mutant. 
Sic a qatala, occidere, III conatus est 
oocidere = aggressus est; a kataba, scribere, III 
kâtaba, fecit aliquem terminum scriptionis = ad 
illum scripsit etc. Hae formae sunt plus minus: 
II intensiva, causativa, III conativa, IV 
causativa, V reflexiva, VI reciproca, VII media, 
passiva, VIII reflexiva, X aestimativa, desiderativa. 
Haec clarebunt in analysi an. 156; nam praxis 
sola hos sensus docebit, qui saepe non a priori 
erui possunt: ideo Lexica omnes formas recensent, 
quas singula verba habent. Plura apud VECCIA 
VAGLIERI, pp. 138–151. 

{{left|{{u|linestyle=double|IMPERFECTUM  FORMARUM  DERIVATARUM}}}}
46.— Cum haec schemata serventur in omnibus 
temporibus et modis, si bene perspecta habeantur, 
nullam difficultatem faciant haec quae sequuntur. 
V. gr. ubicumque inveniatur secunda radicalis 
geminata habebitur forma II, sic: kattaba, kattabû, 
yukattibu, mukattabatin etc.; si praeter hanc 
geminationem habeatur praefixum ta-, agetur de 
forma VI: takattaba, yatakattabu, mutakattibatun 
etc. 

47.— Formae derivatae flectuntur ut forma I, 
n. 40-43, sed imperfectum vocalisatur iuxta 
sequentes regulas: II, III, IV habent U in 
praeformanti, I in paenultima, 

V et VI habent A in utraque, 

VII ad X habent A in praeformanti, I in {{pt|paenul-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lfpz9jm9hhpt3e2nhbwvl9ff0znc3ld</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/16</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85166</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276857</id>
      <parentid>276688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:40:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276857</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2348" sha1="e8cc1p7tqmy4xwj0bw94246007t0you" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;14&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;si nimium atramentum accipiat facile 
confundetur cum M initiali: {{lingua|ar|هـ}} h, {{lingua|ar|مـ}} m. 

33.— T ligatum dicitur T quod oritur 81 H 
finali ({{lingua|ar|{{lingua|ar|ة}} {{lingua|ar|ـه}}}}) duo puncta litterae T addantur ita: 
{{lingua|ar|{{lingua|ar|ة}} {{lingua|ar|ـة}}}}. Est semper nota nominis feminini. 

34.—  EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فَرَغَ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فَرَقَ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَفْرُغُ}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|خَفِيفَةٌ}} 
5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فَنَى}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَقْتَنِي}} 7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فَوْقَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|حَقٌّ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|إِشْرَابٌ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فِي}}
11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|قَبْلَ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|مَاتَ}} 13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَمُوتُ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|لَمْ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَمْ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلْكَرِيمُ}}  
17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|آمَنَ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|هَلَكَ}} 19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|فِيهِ}} 20&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱللّٰهُ}} 21&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَهْلِكُ}} 
22&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|لَهُ}} 23&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|هٰذَا}} 24&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَاتِبَةٌ}} 25&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|مُدَّةً}} 26&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلْمَلِكَةُ}} 27&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّادَةُ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;faraga 2&amp;nbsp;faraqa 3&amp;nbsp;yafrugu 
4&amp;nbsp;ẖafîfatun 8&amp;nbsp;haqqun 9&amp;nbsp;iśrâdun 5&amp;nbsp;fanâ 6&amp;nbsp;yaqtanî 
7&amp;nbsp;fauqa   10&amp;nbsp;fî 11&amp;nbsp;qabla 12&amp;nbsp;mâta 13&amp;nbsp;yamûtu 14&amp;nbsp;lam 
15&amp;nbsp;kam 16&amp;nbsp;al-karîmu 17&amp;nbsp;'âmana 18&amp;nbsp;halaka 19&amp;nbsp;fî-hi 
20&amp;nbsp;Allâhu 21&amp;nbsp;yahliku 22&amp;nbsp;la-hu 23&amp;nbsp;hâḏâ 24&amp;nbsp;kâtibatun 
25&amp;nbsp;muddatan 26&amp;nbsp;al-malikatu 27&amp;nbsp;as-sâdatu. 

35.— N. B. 1) Alif potest pluribus muneribus 
fungi: a) ut fulcrum hamzae, b) simul cum madda, 
n. 26, c) ut elementum notae ligationis, n. 21, 
d) ut pars vocalis longae seu alif prolongationis, 
e) ut merum signum graphicum post finales -an 
et -û: {{lingua|ar|يَجُلًا}} raǵulan, {{lingua|ar|كَتَبُوا}} katabû. In 
casibus a) et b) potest stare pro hamza, si reliqua 
signa absint; in aliis non habet valorem 
litterae. 

36.— 2) Ex cognitione litterarum habetur 
criterium ad multa {{u|nomine distinguenda}}. Etenim sunt&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e8cc1p7tqmy4xwj0bw94246007t0you</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/15</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276856</id>
      <parentid>276689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:23:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276856</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1642" sha1="5ilbvcxfwdpa0qc4wu99azest4a7yce" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;13&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;29.— {{u|Syllaba}}. Sequitur easdem regulas ac in 
latino: brevis desinit vocali brevi, longa 
desinit vocali longa vel vocali brevi et alia 
consonanti: kataba {{lingua|ar|كَتَبَ}} habet 3 breves, katabta 
{{lingua|ar|كَتَبْتَ}} et kitâbun {{lingua|ar|كِتَابٌ}} habent 2&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; longam, 
katabâ {{lingua|ar|كَتَبَا}} 3&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; longam. 

30.— {{u|Accentus}} etiam regitur ut in latino: 
illum accipiet paenultima syllaba si sit longa, 
secus praecedens: {{lingua|ar|كَتَبَ}} kátaba habet accentum in 
antepaenultima syllaba, {{lingua|ar|كَتَبْتَ}} katábta et {{lingua|ar|كِتَابٌ}} kitâbun 
in paenultima. Transcribitur ut accentus 
tonicus hispanicus (’). 

31.— {{u|Litterae M et H}}. M assimilatur ocello: . 
In fine vocis eius ductus ornamentalis descendit 
fere ut linea verticalis. En eius formam: {{lingua|ar|مـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـمـ}}
{{lingua|ar|ـم}} {{lingua|ar|م}}. Cum eius lineamenta valde proxima sunt, 
ocellus obfunditur atramento ita ut tantum 
remaneat punctum vel nodus, praesertim in 
complexibus ut LM, BM, NM etc.: {{lingua|ar|لم}} {{lingua|ar|بم}} {{lingua|ar|نم}} {{lingua|ar|تم}}. Ideo 
tirones saepe in discernendo m haesitant. 

32.— H profertur fere ut H initiale germanicum 
(Himmel); constat duobus quasi ocellis, qui 
varie combinantur in initio et in medio vocis et 
quorum unus disparet in fine, sic: initio {{lingua|ar|هـ}}, 
in medio {{lingua|ar|ـهـ}}, in fine {{lingua|ar|ـه}}, separate {{lingua|ar|ه}}. 
Saepe simplicius scribitur: {{lingua|ar|ـهـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـهـ}}. In initio H&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5ilbvcxfwdpa0qc4wu99azest4a7yce</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/14</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276853</id>
      <parentid>276690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:17:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276853</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2208" sha1="0hxkemriovxkd9t9tdlr5a367nt6xpv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;12&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|gno|signo}} simili ‘ayn valde parvo ({{lingua|ar|ء}}), nec unquam 
ligatur cum litieris, unde eius forma est unica. 
Cfr. {{lingua|ar|ء}} hamza et {{lingua|ar|عـ}} ‘ayn. Sic {{lingua|ar|بَدَأَ}} legetur non 
badaa, sed bada/a. Transcribitur ut spiritus lenis 
(’). Si plene scribatur, addetur ei ut “fulcrum” 
una ex litteris alif, w, vel y, quae  tamen non  
legitur, v. gr. ’aẖaḏa {{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}}, {{lingua|ar|سُؤَالٌ}} su’âlun, {{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
su’ila. Littera Y ut fulcrum amittit puncta. 

26.— Madda. apponitur supra alif — loco 
hamzae — si concurrunt duo hamza vel hamza et â 
longum. Est simile litterae alif horizontali et 
scribitur ita ({{lingua|ar|آ}}): {{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} ’âẖaḏa. 

27.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|عَيْنٌ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُعَيِّنُ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاجَ}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبِيعُ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَعِيبُ}} 
6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاغَ}} 7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَائِغٌ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَأْخُذُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُؤْخَذُ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَبَاءُ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَوْداءُ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;‘aynum 2&amp;nbsp;yu‘ayyinu 3&amp;nbsp;bâǵa 
4&amp;nbsp;yabî‘u 5&amp;nbsp;yagîbu 6&amp;nbsp;bâga 7&amp;nbsp;bâ’igun 8&amp;nbsp;’aẖaḏa 
9&amp;nbsp;ya’ẖuḏu 10&amp;nbsp;’âẖaḏa 11&amp;nbsp;yu’ẖaḏu 12&amp;nbsp;su’ila 13&amp;nbsp;kutabâ’u
14&amp;nbsp;saudâ’u. 

28.— F et Q habent formam {{lingua|ar|ڡـ}}. F {{lingua|ar|فـ}}, Q {{lingua|ar|قـ}}. Q 
differt a K quia K est velaris et articulatur inter 
dorsum linguae et palatum molle, q autem infra 
radicem linguae. En earum formas: {{lingua|ar|فـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـفـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـف}} f, 
{{lingua|ar|قـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـقـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـق}} q. Ductus ornamentalis f est horizontalis, 
apud q autem valde curvus et descendens infra 
lineam, ut dicebamus de b {{lingua|ar|ب}} et n {{lingua|ar|ن}}. Sic 
distinguuntur f et q si puncta sint obscura: {{lingua|ar|ف}} {{lingua|ar|ق}}. 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0hxkemriovxkd9t9tdlr5a367nt6xpv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276854</id>
      <parentid>276853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:17:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276854</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2208" sha1="ijg2hysxll44s6ya5hjxe5ci12mzsdg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;12&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|gno|signo}} simili ‘ayn valde parvo ({{lingua|ar|ء}}), nec unquam 
ligatur cum litieris, unde eius forma est unica. 
Cfr. {{lingua|ar|ء}} hamza et {{lingua|ar|عـ}} ‘ayn. Sic {{lingua|ar|بَدَأَ}} legetur non 
badaa, sed bada/a. Transcribitur ut spiritus lenis 
(’). Si plene scribatur, addetur ei ut “fulcrum” 
una ex litteris alif, w, vel y, quae  tamen non  
legitur, v. gr. ’aẖaḏa {{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}}, {{lingua|ar|سُؤَالٌ}} su’âlun, {{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
su’ila. Littera Y ut fulcrum amittit puncta. 

26.— Madda. apponitur supra alif — loco 
hamzae — si concurrunt duo hamza vel hamza et â 
longum. Est simile litterae alif horizontali et 
scribitur ita ({{lingua|ar|آ}}): {{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} ’âẖaḏa. 

27.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|عَيْنٌ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُعَيِّنُ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاجَ}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبِيعُ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَعِيبُ}} 
6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاغَ}} 7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَائِغٌ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَأْخُذُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُؤْخَذُ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَبَاءُ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَوْداءُ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;‘aynum 2&amp;nbsp;yu‘ayyinu 3&amp;nbsp;bâǵa 
4&amp;nbsp;yabî‘u 5&amp;nbsp;yagîbu 6&amp;nbsp;bâga 7&amp;nbsp;bâ’igun 8&amp;nbsp;’aẖaḏa 
9&amp;nbsp;ya’ẖuḏu 10&amp;nbsp;’âẖaḏa 11&amp;nbsp;yu’ẖaḏu 12&amp;nbsp;su’ila 13&amp;nbsp;kutabâ’u
14&amp;nbsp;saudâ’u. 

28.— F et Q habent formam {{lingua|ar|ڡـ}}. F {{lingua|ar|فـ}}, Q {{lingua|ar|قـ}}. Q 
differt a K quia K est velaris et articulatur inter 
dorsum linguae et palatum molle, q autem infra 
radicem linguae. En earum formas: {{lingua|ar|فـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـفـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـف}} f, 
{{lingua|ar|قـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـقـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـق}} q. Ductus ornamentalis f est horizontalis, 
apud q autem valde curvus et descendens infra 
lineam, ut dicebamus de b {{lingua|ar|ب}} et n {{lingua|ar|ن}}. Sic 
distinguuntur f et q si puncta sint obscura: {{lingua|ar|ف}} {{lingua|ar|ق}}. 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ijg2hysxll44s6ya5hjxe5ci12mzsdg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276855</id>
      <parentid>276854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:19:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276855</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2214" sha1="gngz1zfybwhpcz6rmzsufjxxesdcmg2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;12&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|gno|signo}} simili ‘ayn valde parvo ({{lingua|ar|ء}}), nec unquam 
ligatur cum litieris, unde eius forma est unica. 
Cfr. {{lingua|ar|ء}} hamza et {{lingua|ar|عـ}} ‘ayn. Sic {{lingua|ar|بَدَأَ}} legetur non 
badaa, sed bada/a. Transcribitur ut spiritus lenis 
(’). Si plene scribatur, addetur ei ut “fulcrum” 
una ex litteris alif, w, vel y, quae  tamen non  
legitur, v. gr. ’aẖaḏa {{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}}, {{lingua|ar|سُؤَالٌ}} su’âlun, {{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
su’ila. Littera Y ut fulcrum amittit puncta. 

26.— {{u|Madda}}. apponitur supra alif — loco 
hamzae — si concurrunt duo hamza vel hamza et â 
longum. Est simile litterae alif horizontali et 
scribitur ita ({{lingua|ar|آ}}): {{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} ’âẖaḏa. 

27.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|عَيْنٌ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُعَيِّنُ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاجَ}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبِيعُ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَعِيبُ}} 
6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاغَ}} 7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَائِغٌ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|أَخَذَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَأْخُذُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|آخَذَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُؤْخَذُ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سُئِلَ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَبَاءُ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَوْداءُ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;‘aynum 2&amp;nbsp;yu‘ayyinu 3&amp;nbsp;bâǵa 
4&amp;nbsp;yabî‘u 5&amp;nbsp;yagîbu 6&amp;nbsp;bâga 7&amp;nbsp;bâ’igun 8&amp;nbsp;’aẖaḏa 
9&amp;nbsp;ya’ẖuḏu 10&amp;nbsp;’âẖaḏa 11&amp;nbsp;yu’ẖaḏu 12&amp;nbsp;su’ila 13&amp;nbsp;kutabâ’u
14&amp;nbsp;saudâ’u. 

28.— F et Q habent formam {{lingua|ar|ڡـ}}. F {{lingua|ar|فـ}}, Q {{lingua|ar|قـ}}. Q 
differt a K quia K est velaris et articulatur inter 
dorsum linguae et palatum molle, q autem infra 
radicem linguae. En earum formas: {{lingua|ar|فـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـفـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـف}} f, 
{{lingua|ar|قـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـقـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـق}} q. Ductus ornamentalis f est horizontalis, 
apud q autem valde curvus et descendens infra 
lineam, ut dicebamus de b {{lingua|ar|ب}} et n {{lingua|ar|ن}}. Sic 
distinguuntur f et q si puncta sint obscura: {{lingua|ar|ف}} {{lingua|ar|ق}}. 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gngz1zfybwhpcz6rmzsufjxxesdcmg2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/13</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276852</id>
      <parentid>276691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:05:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276852</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1585" sha1="8r1n4j5zcxpmyj1j18hyrjzmnfhtfqx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;11&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|bu|il-kâtibu}} 14&amp;nbsp;uktub 15&amp;nbsp;min al-mauti. 

24.— {{u|‘Ayn et gayn}} habent formam fundamentalem 
{{lingua|ar|عـ}}. Gayn accipit etiam punctum: {{lingua|ar|غـ}}. Ayn 
potest definiri “pharingalis fricativa sonora”. 
Eius articulatio est similis ac apud ḥ {{lingua|ar|حـ}}.  Si
huic addatur “sonoritas”, seu vibratio cordarum 
vocalium, habetur ‘ayn. Ex grammatica, auctrice 
L. VECCIA VAGLIERI, p. 31, mutuamur sequentem 
descriptionem: Si quis conatur infimam notam 
musicalem emittere, deinde vero nititur notam 
adhuc  inferiorem edere, oritur phaenomenum 
simile litterae ‘ayn, ad quam facilius proferendaem 
iuvat ei vocalem A addere. — Gayn aequivalet R 
gutturali forti: est ad {{lingua|ar|خـ}} ẖ id quod {{lingua|ar|عـ}} ‘ayn ad {{lingua|ar|حـ}} 
ḥ, i. e. ei addit sonoritatem. En earum formas: 
{{lingua|ar|عـ}} {{lingua|ar|ع}} {{lingua|ar|ـعـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـع}} ‘ayn; {{lingua|ar|غـ}} {{lingua|ar|غ}} {{lingua|ar|ـغـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـغ}} gayn, ubi apparet 
mutatio similis ac in littera X ligate scripta: ''x''. 
Ayn transcribitur ut spiritus asper (‘): gayn, 
intuitu simplicitatis, trancribemus uti G. 

25.— {{u|Hamza}}. Est articulatio quaedam nota etiam 
in nostris linguis, quin temen litteram 
specialem apud nos constituat. Aequivalet enim ictui, 
qui producitur in initio vocis incipientis 
vocali: amo. Habetur etiam si fiat “hiatus” inter 
duas vocales, ut si “te audio” proferatur non 
ligate sed solute (“{{lingua|it|staccato}}”). Exprimitur {{pt|si-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8r1n4j5zcxpmyj1j18hyrjzmnfhtfqx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/12</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276851</id>
      <parentid>276692</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T15:01:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276851</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1873" sha1="mlo4cogviw2y7vsnqqa1hu330oeo1nx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;10&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;vocali. Cum nulla vox arabica possit incipere 
absolute sine vocali, huic litterae non 
vocalisatae unitur — in lectione — vocalis praecedens, 
v. gr. {{lingua|ar|كَتَبَ لْمَلِكُ}} non legitur kataba /l-malika, 
sed kataba‿l-maliku. Verum si nulla vocalis 
praecodens habeatur, vel quod sit initium absolutum 
textus, vel quod vox praecedens desinat sine 
vocali, tunc illi datur vocalis subsidiaria, quae 
generatim erit I. Interdum propter euphoniam 
erit A vel U: śrab, legetur iśrab; antum 
l-kuttâbu legetur antum‿ul-kuttâbu; ktub legetur uktub 
(in utroque casu propter proximum U). E contra 
min l-maliki legetur min‿al-maliki. 

22.— Hoc phaenomenum indicatur per alif 
praemissum litterae non vocalisatae et ornatum parvo 
signo ita ({{lingua|ar|ٱ}}): {{lingua|ar|ٱلْكَاتِبُ}} l-kâtibu&amp;nbsp;= il-kâtibu. 
Nonnunquam scribitur ipsa vocalis subsidiaria 
in littera praecedenti non vocalisata: 
mina l-maliki, ubi min accipit A uniendum voci 
sequentii. 

23.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|صَبْرٌ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|صَبْرٍ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|صَبْرًا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ضُرِبَ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|نَصْبُرُ}} 
6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَضْرِبُونَ}}  7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|طَلَبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَطْلُبُ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|طَالِبًا}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱضْطَرَبَ}} 
11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَظَّ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاظَّ}} 13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلْكَاتِبُ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱكْتُبْ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|مِنَ ٱلْمَوْتِ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;ṣabrun 2&amp;nbsp;ṣabrin 3&amp;nbsp;ṣabran 
4&amp;nbsp;ḍuriba 5&amp;nbsp;naṣburu 6&amp;nbsp;yaḍribûna  7&amp;nbsp;ṭalaba 8&amp;nbsp;yaṭlubu 
9&amp;nbsp;ṭâliban 10&amp;nbsp;iḍṭaraba 11&amp;nbsp;baẓẓa 12&amp;nbsp;bâẓẓa 13&amp;nbsp;{{pt|il-kâti-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mlo4cogviw2y7vsnqqa1hu330oeo1nx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/11</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276846</id>
      <parentid>276693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:46:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276846</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2266" sha1="jn4xi6gwmhysik7a90ln7r4205dj0sd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;9&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|ti|sequenti}}, v. gr. al-nâsu legitur an-nâsu. Hic casus 
assimilationis l artículi ad litteram alveolarem 
vel dentalem sequentem est frequentissimus. 
Assimilatio indicatur addito signo reduplicationis 
secundae litterae, dum prima, quae omnino 
tacetur, orbatur etiam nota absentiae vocalis ({{lingua|ar|ْ}}&amp;ensp;); 
sic loco {{lingua|ar|اَلْنَاسُ}} scribitur {{lingua|ar|اَلنَّاسُ}}, ubi l caret 
omni nota orthographica, dum  n habet signum 
reduplicationis. 

19.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٌّ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٍّ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبًّا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَبَبٍ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُسَبِّبُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاسَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَّبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّابٌ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوسُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرِبَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّبٌ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَشْرَبُ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَارِبٍ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرٌّ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَكْلٌ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّالِكُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلشّامْسُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلزُّورُ}} 
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلرَّبَّ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;rabbun 2&amp;nbsp;rabbin 3&amp;nbsp;rabban 4&amp;nbsp;
sababin 5&amp;nbsp;yusabbibu 6&amp;nbsp;bâsa 7&amp;nbsp;kattaba 8&amp;nbsp;kuttâbun 11&amp;nbsp;
kuttabun 9&amp;nbsp;yabûsu 10&amp;nbsp; śariba 12&amp;nbsp;taśrabu 13&amp;nbsp;śâribin 
14&amp;nbsp;śarrun 15&amp;nbsp;śaklun 16&amp;nbsp;al-sâliku&amp;nbsp;= as-sâliku 17&amp;nbsp;
al-śamsu&amp;nbsp;= aś-śamsu 18&amp;nbsp;al-zûru&amp;nbsp;= az-zûru 19&amp;nbsp;
al-rabba&amp;nbsp;= ar-rabba. 

20.— Litterae {{u|emphaticae}} vocantur 4, quarum 
elementum essentiale est {{lingua|ar|ص}}. Sic: {{lingua|ar|ص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|ط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظ}} 
ẓ. Sonant ut s, d, t, z, sed apex linguae adhaeret
alveolis dentium superiorum, dum eius dorsum 
erigitur versus palatum molle. En earum formas:
{{lingua|ar|صـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـصـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|طـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـظ}} ẓ. 

21.— Ligatio (&quot;liaison&quot;). Hoc phaenomenum 
habetur quando vox quaedam incipit littera sine&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jn4xi6gwmhysik7a90ln7r4205dj0sd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276847</id>
      <parentid>276846</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276847</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2270" sha1="pmnyswi4hbq987mrvhnb1eh8g0hwi4v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;9&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|ti|sequenti}}, v. gr. al-nâsu legitur an-nâsu. Hic casus 
assimilationis l artículi ad litteram alveolarem 
vel dentalem sequentem est frequentissimus. 
Assimilatio indicatur addito signo reduplicationis 
secundae litterae, dum prima, quae omnino 
tacetur, orbatur etiam nota absentiae vocalis ({{lingua|ar|ْ}}&amp;ensp;); 
sic loco {{lingua|ar|اَلْنَاسُ}} scribitur {{lingua|ar|اَلنَّاسُ}}, ubi l caret 
omni nota orthographica, dum  n habet signum 
reduplicationis. 

19.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٌّ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٍّ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبًّا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَبَبٍ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُسَبِّبُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاسَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَّبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّابٌ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوسُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرِبَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّبٌ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَشْرَبُ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَارِبٍ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرٌّ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَكْلٌ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّالِكُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلشّامْسُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلزُّورُ}} 
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلرَّبَّ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;rabbun 2&amp;nbsp;rabbin 3&amp;nbsp;rabban 4&amp;nbsp;
sababin 5&amp;nbsp;yusabbibu 6&amp;nbsp;bâsa 7&amp;nbsp;kattaba 8&amp;nbsp;kuttâbun 11&amp;nbsp;
kuttabun 9&amp;nbsp;yabûsu 10&amp;nbsp; śariba 12&amp;nbsp;taśrabu 13&amp;nbsp;śâribin 
14&amp;nbsp;śarrun 15&amp;nbsp;śaklun 16&amp;nbsp;al-sâliku&amp;nbsp;= as-sâliku 17&amp;nbsp;
al-śamsu&amp;nbsp;= aś-śamsu 18&amp;nbsp;al-zûru&amp;nbsp;= az-zûru 19&amp;nbsp;
al-rabba&amp;nbsp;= ar-rabba. 

20.— Litterae {{u|emphaticae}} vocantur 4, quarum 
elementum essentiale est {{lingua|ar|ص}}. Sic: {{lingua|ar|ص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|ط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظ}} 
ẓ. Sonant ut s, d, t, z, sed apex linguae adhaeret
alveolis dentium superiorum, dum eius dorsum 
erigitur versus palatum molle. En earum formas:
{{lingua|ar|صـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـصـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|طـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـظ}} ẓ. 

21.— Ligatio (“liaison”). Hoc phaenomenum 
habetur quando vox quaedam incipit littera sine&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pmnyswi4hbq987mrvhnb1eh8g0hwi4v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276848</id>
      <parentid>276847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:48:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>276848</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2269" sha1="dp5b5xts0m8fzensn5u50oajqawcbk4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;9&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|ti|sequenti}}, v. gr. al-nâsu legitur an-nâsu. Hic casus 
assimilationis l artículi ad litteram alveolarem 
vel dentalem sequentem est frequentissimus. 
Assimilatio indicatur addito signo reduplicationis 
secundae litterae, dum prima, quae omnino 
tacetur, orbatur etiam nota absentiae vocalis ({{lingua|ar|ْ}}&amp;ensp;); 
sic loco {{lingua|ar|اَلْنَاسُ}} scribitur {{lingua|ar|اَلنَّاسُ}}, ubi l caret 
omni nota orthographica, dum  n habet signum 
reduplicationis. 

19.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٌّ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٍّ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبًّا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَبَبٍ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُسَبِّبُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاسَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَّبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّابٌ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوسُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرِبَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّبٌ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَشْرَبُ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَارِبٍ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرٌّ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَكْلٌ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّالِكُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلشّامْسُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلزُّورُ}} 
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلرَّبَّ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;rabbun 2&amp;nbsp;rabbin 3&amp;nbsp;rabban 
4&amp;nbsp;sababin 5&amp;nbsp;yusabbibu 6&amp;nbsp;bâsa 7&amp;nbsp;kattaba 8&amp;nbsp;kuttâbun 
11&amp;nbsp;kuttabun 9&amp;nbsp;yabûsu 10&amp;nbsp;śariba 12&amp;nbsp;taśrabu 13&amp;nbsp;śâribin 
14&amp;nbsp;śarrun 15&amp;nbsp;śaklun 16&amp;nbsp;al-sâliku&amp;nbsp;= as-sâliku 
17&amp;nbsp;al-śamsu&amp;nbsp;= aś-śamsu 18&amp;nbsp;al-zûru&amp;nbsp;= az-zûru 
19&amp;nbsp;al-rabba&amp;nbsp;= ar-rabba. 

20.— Litterae {{u|emphaticae}} vocantur 4, quarum 
elementum essentiale est {{lingua|ar|ص}}. Sic: {{lingua|ar|ص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|ط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظ}} 
ẓ. Sonant ut s, d, t, z, sed apex linguae adhaeret
alveolis dentium superiorum, dum eius dorsum 
erigitur versus palatum molle. En earum formas:
{{lingua|ar|صـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـصـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|طـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـظ}} ẓ. 

21.— Ligatio (“liaison”). Hoc phaenomenum 
habetur quando vox quaedam incipit littera sine&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dp5b5xts0m8fzensn5u50oajqawcbk4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276849</id>
      <parentid>276848</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:49:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276849</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2283" sha1="l97vua8b75q16rgxx061yunh3sbr1oj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;9&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|ti|sequenti}}, v. gr. al-nâsu legitur an-nâsu. Hic casus 
assimilationis l artículi ad litteram alveolarem 
vel dentalem sequentem est frequentissimus. 
Assimilatio indicatur addito signo reduplicationis 
secundae litterae, dum prima, quae omnino 
tacetur, orbatur etiam nota absentiae vocalis ({{lingua|ar|ْ}}&amp;ensp;); 
sic loco {{lingua|ar|اَلْنَاسُ}} scribitur {{lingua|ar|اَلنَّاسُ}}, ubi l caret 
omni nota orthographica, dum  n habet signum 
reduplicationis. 

19.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٌّ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٍّ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبًّا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَبَبٍ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُسَبِّبُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاسَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَّبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّابٌ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوسُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرِبَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّبٌ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَشْرَبُ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَارِبٍ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرٌّ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَكْلٌ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّالِكُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلشّامْسُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلزُّورُ}} 
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلرَّبَّ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;rabbun 2&amp;nbsp;rabbin 3&amp;nbsp;rabban 
4&amp;nbsp;sababin 5&amp;nbsp;yusabbibu 6&amp;nbsp;bâsa 7&amp;nbsp;kattaba 8&amp;nbsp;kuttâbun 
11&amp;nbsp;kuttabun 9&amp;nbsp;yabûsu 10&amp;nbsp;śariba 12&amp;nbsp;taśrabu 13&amp;nbsp;śâribin 
14&amp;nbsp;śarrun 15&amp;nbsp;śaklun 16&amp;nbsp;al-sâliku&amp;nbsp;= as-sâliku 
17&amp;nbsp;al-śamsu&amp;nbsp;= aś-śamsu 18&amp;nbsp;al-zûru&amp;nbsp;= az-zûru 
19&amp;nbsp;al-rabba&amp;nbsp;= ar-rabba. 

20.— Litterae {{u|emphaticae}} vocantur 4, quarum 
elementum essentiale est {{lingua|ar|ص}}. Sic: {{lingua|ar|ص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|ط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظ}} 
ẓ. Sonant ut s, d, t, z, sed apex linguae adhaeret
alveolis dentium superiorum, dum eius dorsum 
erigitur versus palatum molle. En earum formas:
{{lingua|ar|صـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـصـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|طـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـظ}} ẓ. 

21.— Ligatio (“{{lingua|fr|liaison}}”). Hoc phaenomenum 
habetur quando vox quaedam incipit littera sine&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>l97vua8b75q16rgxx061yunh3sbr1oj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276850</id>
      <parentid>276849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:49:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276850</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2289" sha1="3rb1gxnw3h3c9l3oqrr3nk9dv1vc6he" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;9&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|ti|sequenti}}, v. gr. al-nâsu legitur an-nâsu. Hic casus 
assimilationis l artículi ad litteram alveolarem 
vel dentalem sequentem est frequentissimus. 
Assimilatio indicatur addito signo reduplicationis 
secundae litterae, dum prima, quae omnino 
tacetur, orbatur etiam nota absentiae vocalis ({{lingua|ar|ْ}}&amp;ensp;); 
sic loco {{lingua|ar|اَلْنَاسُ}} scribitur {{lingua|ar|اَلنَّاسُ}}, ubi l caret 
omni nota orthographica, dum  n habet signum 
reduplicationis. 

19.— EXEMPLA: 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٌّ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبٍّ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَبًّا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|سَبَبٍ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يُسَبِّبُ}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|بَاسَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَتَّبَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّابٌ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَبُوسُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرِبَ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتَّبٌ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|تَشْرَبُ}} 
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَارِبٍ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَرٌّ}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|شَكْلٌ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلسَّالِكُ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلشّامْسُ}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلزُّورُ}} 
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ٱلرَّبَّ}}.

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;rabbun 2&amp;nbsp;rabbin 3&amp;nbsp;rabban 
4&amp;nbsp;sababin 5&amp;nbsp;yusabbibu 6&amp;nbsp;bâsa 7&amp;nbsp;kattaba 8&amp;nbsp;kuttâbun 
11&amp;nbsp;kuttabun 9&amp;nbsp;yabûsu 10&amp;nbsp;śariba 12&amp;nbsp;taśrabu 13&amp;nbsp;śâribin 
14&amp;nbsp;śarrun 15&amp;nbsp;śaklun 16&amp;nbsp;al-sâliku&amp;nbsp;= as-sâliku 
17&amp;nbsp;al-śamsu&amp;nbsp;= aś-śamsu 18&amp;nbsp;al-zûru&amp;nbsp;= az-zûru 
19&amp;nbsp;al-rabba&amp;nbsp;= ar-rabba. 

20.— Litterae {{u|emphaticae}} vocantur 4, quarum 
elementum essentiale est {{lingua|ar|ص}}. Sic: {{lingua|ar|ص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|ط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظ}} 
ẓ. Sonant ut s, d, t, z, sed apex linguae adhaeret
alveolis dentium superiorum, dum eius dorsum 
erigitur versus palatum molle. En earum formas:
{{lingua|ar|صـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـصـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـص}} ṣ, {{lingua|ar|ضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـضـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـض}} ḍ, {{lingua|ar|طـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـط}} ṭ, {{lingua|ar|ظـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـظ}} ẓ. 

21.— {{u|Ligatio}} (“{{lingua|fr|liaison}}”). Hoc phaenomenum 
habetur quando vox quaedam incipit littera sine&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3rb1gxnw3h3c9l3oqrr3nk9dv1vc6he</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Elementa Grammaticae Arabicae (Asin Palacios).djvu/10</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85172</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276838</id>
      <parentid>276694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:21:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276838</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1718" sha1="mrqjrgz1ytl2s18kqmh7qa3akoooz6q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;8&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;fine vocis iterantur, sic: {{lingua|ar|ً}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٍ}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٌ}}&amp;ensp; et leguntur 
addito N: aN, iN, uN; sunt semper desinentiae 
{{u|nominum}} {{u|indeterminatorum}}: an accusatitivi, in 
genitivi, un nominativi: kalbun {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}}, canis, 
un cane, non &quot;il cane&quot;. N est elementum 
capitale in indeterminatione, n. 84, 85. 

16. - EXEMPLA. 1 دِينٌ 2 دِينٍ 3 دِينًا 4 يَدِينُ 5 اَبَدًا 6 اَبَدَ
7 ذَابَ 8 دِيبَ 9 يَذُوبُ 10 كَلْبٌ 11 كَلْبٍ 12 كِلَابٌ
13 كُتُبٌ 14 كَاتِبًا 15 رَيْبَ 16 كِتَابٍ 17 زُورًا 18 يَرَوْنَ
19 يَزَلْ. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1 dînun 2 dînin 3 dînan 4 yadînu 
5 abadan 6 abada 7 ḏâba 8 dîba 9 yaḏûbu 10 
kalbun 11 kalbin 12 kilâbun 13 kutubun 14 kâtiban
15 rayba 16 kitâbin 17 zûran 13 yarauna 19 
yazal. 

17.— {{u|Alius typus}} duarum litterarum: {{lingua|ar|س}}. 
Distingauntur ope trium punctorum uni superpositorum: 
{{lingua|ar|س}}; {{lingua|ar|ش}}, aequivalet ch gallico, sc italico 
in lascia, sh anglico, sch germanico. En earum 
formas: {{lingua|ar|سـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـسـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـس}} s. {{lingua|ar|شـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـشـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـش}} ś. 

18.— {{u|Reduplicatio litterae}}. Indicatur parvo 
signo {{lingua|ar|ّ}}&amp;ensp; litterae reduplicandae superposito: {{lingua|ar|تَبَّ}}
tabba. Reduplicatio distinguit quosdam typos 
morphologicos, nn. 44, 73 III, 76, Praetera evenit 
quando duae litterae dentales vel alveolaeres (t, ṯ, d, 
ḏ, r, z, s, ś, ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ, l, n) concurrunt, quarum 
prima careat vocali. Tunc haec assimilatur {{pt|sequen-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mrqjrgz1ytl2s18kqmh7qa3akoooz6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276839</id>
      <parentid>276838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:21:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Problematic */</comment>
      <origin>276839</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1718" sha1="mtx6zv5o9ra7t7ixkp3drkjo721y1e0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;8&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;fine vocis iterantur, sic: {{lingua|ar|ً}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٍ}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٌ}}&amp;ensp; et leguntur 
addito N: aN, iN, uN; sunt semper desinentiae 
{{u|nominum}} {{u|indeterminatorum}}: an accusatitivi, in 
genitivi, un nominativi: kalbun {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}}, canis, 
un cane, non &quot;il cane&quot;. N est elementum 
capitale in indeterminatione, n. 84, 85. 

16. - EXEMPLA. 1 دِينٌ 2 دِينٍ 3 دِينًا 4 يَدِينُ 5 اَبَدًا 6 اَبَدَ
7 ذَابَ 8 دِيبَ 9 يَذُوبُ 10 كَلْبٌ 11 كَلْبٍ 12 كِلَابٌ
13 كُتُبٌ 14 كَاتِبًا 15 رَيْبَ 16 كِتَابٍ 17 زُورًا 18 يَرَوْنَ
19 يَزَلْ. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1 dînun 2 dînin 3 dînan 4 yadînu 
5 abadan 6 abada 7 ḏâba 8 dîba 9 yaḏûbu 10 
kalbun 11 kalbin 12 kilâbun 13 kutubun 14 kâtiban
15 rayba 16 kitâbin 17 zûran 13 yarauna 19 
yazal. 

17.— {{u|Alius typus}} duarum litterarum: {{lingua|ar|س}}. 
Distingauntur ope trium punctorum uni superpositorum: 
{{lingua|ar|س}}; {{lingua|ar|ش}}, aequivalet ch gallico, sc italico 
in lascia, sh anglico, sch germanico. En earum 
formas: {{lingua|ar|سـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـسـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـس}} s. {{lingua|ar|شـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـشـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـش}} ś. 

18.— {{u|Reduplicatio litterae}}. Indicatur parvo 
signo {{lingua|ar|ّ}}&amp;ensp; litterae reduplicandae superposito: {{lingua|ar|تَبَّ}}
tabba. Reduplicatio distinguit quosdam typos 
morphologicos, nn. 44, 73 III, 76, Praetera evenit 
quando duae litterae dentales vel alveolaeres (t, ṯ, d, 
ḏ, r, z, s, ś, ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ, l, n) concurrunt, quarum 
prima careat vocali. Tunc haec assimilatur {{pt|sequen-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mtx6zv5o9ra7t7ixkp3drkjo721y1e0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276840</id>
      <parentid>276839</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:23:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276840</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1722" sha1="1adqft7iyfyyyhh32m0kiqf9vfpofu3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;8&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;fine vocis iterantur, sic: {{lingua|ar|ً}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٍ}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٌ}}&amp;ensp; et leguntur 
addito N: aN, iN, uN; sunt semper desinentiae 
{{u|nominum}} {{u|indeterminatorum}}: an accusatitivi, in 
genitivi, un nominativi: kalbun {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}}, canis, 
un cane, non “il cane”. N est elementum 
capitale in indeterminatione, n. 84, 85. 

16. - EXEMPLA. 1 دِينٌ 2 دِينٍ 3 دِينًا 4 يَدِينُ 5 اَبَدًا 6 اَبَدَ
7 ذَابَ 8 دِيبَ 9 يَذُوبُ 10 كَلْبٌ 11 كَلْبٍ 12 كِلَابٌ
13 كُتُبٌ 14 كَاتِبًا 15 رَيْبَ 16 كِتَابٍ 17 زُورًا 18 يَرَوْنَ
19 يَزَلْ. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1 dînun 2 dînin 3 dînan 4 yadînu 
5 abadan 6 abada 7 ḏâba 8 dîba 9 yaḏûbu 10 
kalbun 11 kalbin 12 kilâbun 13 kutubun 14 kâtiban
15 rayba 16 kitâbin 17 zûran 13 yarauna 19 
yazal. 

17.— {{u|Alius typus}} duarum litterarum: {{lingua|ar|س}}. 
Distingauntur ope trium punctorum uni superpositorum: 
{{lingua|ar|س}}; {{lingua|ar|ش}}, aequivalet ch gallico, sc italico 
in lascia, sh anglico, sch germanico. En earum 
formas: {{lingua|ar|سـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـسـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـس}} s. {{lingua|ar|شـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـشـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـش}} ś. 

18.— {{u|Reduplicatio litterae}}. Indicatur parvo 
signo {{lingua|ar|ّ}}&amp;ensp; litterae reduplicandae superposito: {{lingua|ar|تَبَّ}}
tabba. Reduplicatio distinguit quosdam typos 
morphologicos, nn. 44, 73 III, 76, Praetera evenit 
quando duae litterae dentales vel alveolaeres (t, ṯ, d, 
ḏ, r, z, s, ś, ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ, l, n) concurrunt, quarum 
prima careat vocali. Tunc haec assimilatur {{pt|sequen-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1adqft7iyfyyyhh32m0kiqf9vfpofu3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276841</id>
      <parentid>276840</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:24:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276841</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1988" sha1="bv9u2ogqh14esu8be6z62zml6iz715h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;8&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;fine vocis iterantur, sic: {{lingua|ar|ً}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٍ}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٌ}}&amp;ensp; et leguntur 
addito N: aN, iN, uN; sunt semper desinentiae 
{{u|nominum}} {{u|indeterminatorum}}: an accusatitivi, in 
genitivi, un nominativi: kalbun {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}}, canis, 
un cane, non “il cane”. N est elementum 
capitale in indeterminatione, n. 84, 85. 

16. - EXEMPLA. 1 {{lingua|ar|دِينٌ}} 2 {{lingua|ar|دِينٍ}} 3 {{lingua|ar|دِينًا}} 4 {{lingua|ar|يَدِينُ}} 5 {{lingua|ar|اَبَدًا}} 6 {{lingua|ar|اَبَدَ}}
7 {{lingua|ar|ذَابَ}} 8 {{lingua|ar|دِيبَ}} 9 {{lingua|ar|يَذُوبُ}} 10 {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}} 11 {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٍ}} 12 {{lingua|ar|كِلَابٌ}}
13 {{lingua|ar|كُتُبٌ}} 14 {{lingua|ar|كَاتِبًا}} 15 {{lingua|ar|رَيْبَ}} 16 {{lingua|ar|كِتَابٍ}} 17 {{lingua|ar|زُورًا}} 18 {{lingua|ar|يَرَوْنَ}}
19 {{lingua|ar|يَزَلْ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1 dînun 2 dînin 3 dînan 4 yadînu 
5 abadan 6 abada 7 ḏâba 8 dîba 9 yaḏûbu 10 
kalbun 11 kalbin 12 kilâbun 13 kutubun 14 kâtiban
15 rayba 16 kitâbin 17 zûran 13 yarauna 19 
yazal. 

17.— {{u|Alius typus}} duarum litterarum: {{lingua|ar|س}}. 
Distingauntur ope trium punctorum uni superpositorum: 
{{lingua|ar|س}}; {{lingua|ar|ش}}, aequivalet ch gallico, sc italico 
in lascia, sh anglico, sch germanico. En earum 
formas: {{lingua|ar|سـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـسـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـس}} s. {{lingua|ar|شـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـشـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـش}} ś. 

18.— {{u|Reduplicatio litterae}}. Indicatur parvo 
signo {{lingua|ar|ّ}}&amp;ensp; litterae reduplicandae superposito: {{lingua|ar|تَبَّ}}
tabba. Reduplicatio distinguit quosdam typos 
morphologicos, nn. 44, 73 III, 76, Praetera evenit 
quando duae litterae dentales vel alveolaeres (t, ṯ, d, 
ḏ, r, z, s, ś, ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ, l, n) concurrunt, quarum 
prima careat vocali. Tunc haec assimilatur {{pt|sequen-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bv9u2ogqh14esu8be6z62zml6iz715h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276842</id>
      <parentid>276841</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T14:25:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276842</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2193" sha1="71fte5qe0xpg010g66uinkk7t2rimgr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|–&amp;ensp;8&amp;ensp;–}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;fine vocis iterantur, sic: {{lingua|ar|ً}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٍ}}&amp;ensp; {{lingua|ar|ٌ}}&amp;ensp; et leguntur 
addito N: aN, iN, uN; sunt semper desinentiae 
{{u|nominum}} {{u|indeterminatorum}}: an accusatitivi, in 
genitivi, un nominativi: kalbun {{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}}, canis, 
un cane, non “il cane”. N est elementum 
capitale in indeterminatione, n.&amp;nbsp;84, 85. 

16. - EXEMPLA. 1&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|دِينٌ}} 2&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|دِينٍ}} 3&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|دِينًا}} 4&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَدِينُ}} 5&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبَدًا}} 6&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|اَبَدَ}}
7&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|ذَابَ}} 8&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|دِيبَ}} 9&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَذُوبُ}} 10&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَلْبٌ}} 11&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَلْبٍ}} 12&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كِلَابٌ}}
13&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كُتُبٌ}} 14&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كَاتِبًا}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|رَيْبَ}} 16&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|كِتَابٍ}} 17&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|زُورًا}} 18&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَرَوْنَ}}
19&amp;nbsp;{{lingua|ar|يَزَلْ}}. 

TRANSCRIPTIO: 1&amp;nbsp;dînun 2&amp;nbsp;dînin 3&amp;nbsp;dînan 4&amp;nbsp;yadînu 
5&amp;nbsp;abadan 6&amp;nbsp;abada 7&amp;nbsp;ḏâba 8&amp;nbsp;dîba 9&amp;nbsp;yaḏûbu 10&amp;nbsp;
kalbun 11&amp;nbsp;kalbin 12&amp;nbsp;kilâbun 13&amp;nbsp;kutubun 14&amp;nbsp;kâtiban
15&amp;nbsp;rayba 16&amp;nbsp;kitâbin 17&amp;nbsp;zûran 13&amp;nbsp;yarauna 19&amp;nbsp;
yazal. 

17.— {{u|Alius typus}} duarum litterarum: {{lingua|ar|س}}. 
Distingauntur ope trium punctorum uni superpositorum: 
{{lingua|ar|س}}; {{lingua|ar|ش}}, aequivalet ch gallico, sc italico 
in lascia, sh anglico, sch germanico. En earum 
formas: {{lingua|ar|سـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـسـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـس}} s. {{lingua|ar|شـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـشـ}} {{lingua|ar|ـش}} ś. 

18.— {{u|Reduplicatio litterae}}. Indicatur parvo 
signo {{lingua|ar|ّ}}&amp;ensp; litterae reduplicandae superposito: {{lingua|ar|تَبَّ}}
tabba. Reduplicatio distinguit quosdam typos 
morphologicos, nn.&amp;nbsp;44, 73&amp;nbsp;III, 76, Praetera evenit 
quando duae litterae dentales vel alveolaeres (t, ṯ, d, 
ḏ, r, z, s, ś, ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ, l, n) concurrunt, quarum 
prima careat vocali. Tunc haec assimilatur {{pt|sequen-}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>71fte5qe0xpg010g66uinkk7t2rimgr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scriptor:Franciscus Christophorus Comes de Frangipanibus</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>85186</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276880</id>
      <parentid>276796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T23:33:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276880</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1140" sha1="iyyuickp87f72p39ym2l4l2fhut1ehl" xml:space="preserve">'''Franciscus Christophorus Comes de Frangipanibus''' (1641 - 1671)
[[Fasciculus:Fran krsto frankopan v.jpg|thumb|center|Fran Krsto Frankopan]]


Autographus eius authenticus historicus: '''Ferenaz Frangopan Groff Tersazki'''; 
Croatice hodierna: '''Fran Krsto Frankopan'''.
Magnatus nobilis (comes), politicus, dux militaris atque poeta barocensis Croaticus fuit.

Latine, Croatice et Italice scripsit.

== Opera ==
* [[Elegia]] (1656)
== Ex [[Elegia]] versus selecti == 

&lt;poem&gt;
''Sol meus Illyrici sine me revolavit ab undis;
''Exul ego aeterna nocte sepultus agor.''
&lt;/poem&gt;

== Posthuma ==
* [[s:hr:Gartlic za čas kratiti|Gartlic za čas kratiti]] (1871) - liber poeticus Croatice scripsit, usque ad annum 1671 compositus
Latine: [[Hortulus ad tempus terendum]]
== Nexus externi ==
* [https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Christophorus_Comes_de_Frangipanibus Franciscus Christophorus Comes de Frangipanibus (Vicipaedia)]


[[Categoria:Poetae|Frangipani]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores|Frangipani]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Croatiae|Frangipani]]
[[Categoria:Scriptor-F|Frangipani]]
[[Categoria:Saeculi septimi decimi scriptores|Frangipani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/122</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85206</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276820</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T12:44:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '— 110 —   ''i'') {{Hebraica|לְ}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לְמוֹ}}, inservit dativo exprimendo; etiam  genitivo possessionis designando. Ex. {{Hebraica|לִשְׁלֹמֹה}}  ''ad Salomonem,'' vel ''Salomoni,'' vel ''quod est Salomonis) ad.'' Cum  suff. {{Hebraica|לִי}} ''mihi,'' {{Hebraica|לְךָ}} (in pausa {{Hebraica|לָךְ}}) ''tibi'' (masc.), {{Hebraica|לָךְ}} ''tibi'' (f.),  {{Hebraica|לוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|לָהּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָנוּ...'</comment>
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      <text bytes="3607" sha1="m07ktymrpdtr19u24xo82vk3tk5cv3c" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;110&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;— 110 — 

''i'') {{Hebraica|לְ}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לְמוֹ}}, inservit dativo exprimendo; etiam 
genitivo possessionis designando. Ex. {{Hebraica|לִשְׁלֹמֹה}} 
''ad Salomonem,'' vel ''Salomoni,'' vel ''quod est Salomonis) ad.'' Cum 
suff. {{Hebraica|לִי}} ''mihi,'' {{Hebraica|לְךָ}} (in pausa {{Hebraica|לָךְ}}) ''tibi'' (masc.), {{Hebraica|לָךְ}} ''tibi'' (f.), 
{{Hebraica|לוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|לָהּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|לָהֶם}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לָמוֹ}}), {{Hebraica|לָהֶן}}.   
Monosyllabis et bisyllabis, quae 1&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; syllabam accentu notatam 
habeant, praeposita, praepositio {{Hebraica|ל}} vocali ''qâmez'' (''â'') 
instruitur. Ex. {{Hebraica|לָאוֹר}} ''sub lucem;'' {{Hebraica|לָבֶטַח}} (''lâ-bhéṭaḥ'') ''secure,'' 
''placide'' (litt. ''ad securitatem''); 

''k'') {{Hebraica|מִן}} (poët. {{Hebraica|מִנִּי}}, {{Hebraica|מִנֵּי}}) ''a, ab, ex, de.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנִּי}}, 
{{Hebraica|מִמְּךָ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֵּךְ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנָּהּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּם}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּן}}, {{Hebraica|מִנְהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶם}},
{{Hebraica|מִנְהֶן}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶן}}. Formae poëticae sunt: {{Hebraica|מֶנִּי}} ''a me,'' {{Hebraica|מֶנְהוּ}} et 
{{Hebraica|מִנֵּהוּ}} ''ab eo;'' 

''l'') {{Hebraica|עַד}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲדֵי}}) ''usque ad,'' {{Graeca|μέχρι}}, ''ad.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָדַי}} 
{{Hebraica|עָדֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדָיו}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֵיכֶם}}, cet.;

''m'') {{Hebraica|עַל}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲלֵי}}) ''super, supra.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָלַי}}, 
{{Hebraica|עָלֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלַיִךְ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלָיו}}, , {{Hebraica|עָלֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלֵינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶם}} (poët.
{{Hebraica|עָלֵימוֹ}}) cet.; 

''n'') {{Hebraica|עִם}} ''cum, apud.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עִמִּי}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּדִי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמְּךָי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּךְ}},
{{Hebraica|עִמּוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּם}} cet.; 

'o') {{Hebraica|תַּחַת}} ''sub, pro, loco alicujus.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|תַּחְתַּי}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתְּיךָ}},
{{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּיו}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֶּיחָ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּם}} cet. 

249. — Praepositiones {{Hebraica|בְּ}} ''in,'' et {{Hebraica|לְ}} ''ad,'' quae ut 
praefixa nominibus praeponuntur (§ 246), quando nomen 
articulum habeat, litteram {{Hebraica|ה}} articuli deperdere faciunt, 
vocalemque articuli (§ 211 seqq.) ad se trahunt. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|מֶלֶךְ}} ''rex,'' {{Hebraica|לְמֶלֶךְ}} ''regi,'' {{Graeca|βασιλεῖ}}, sed {{Hebraica|לַמֶּלֶךְ}} (pro {{Hebraica|לְהַמֶּלֶךְ}}) 
{{Graeca|τῷ βασιλεῖ}}, cum articulo; {{Hebraica|עִיר}} ''urbs,'' {{Graeca|πόλις}}, {{Hebraica|בְּעִיר}} ''in urbe,'' 
{{Graeca|ἐν πόλει}}, sed {{Hebraica|בָּעִיר}} {{Graeca|ἐν τῇ πόλει}}, cum articulo. 

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    <revision>
      <id>276821</id>
      <parentid>276820</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T12:44:37Z</timestamp>
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      <origin>276821</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3593" sha1="79ba5wq6egvbaphg58xwfhiiwf28okt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;110&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''i'') {{Hebraica|לְ}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לְמוֹ}}, inservit dativo exprimendo; etiam 
genitivo possessionis designando. Ex. {{Hebraica|לִשְׁלֹמֹה}} 
''ad Salomonem,'' vel ''Salomoni,'' vel ''quod est Salomonis) ad.'' Cum 
suff. {{Hebraica|לִי}} ''mihi,'' {{Hebraica|לְךָ}} (in pausa {{Hebraica|לָךְ}}) ''tibi'' (masc.), {{Hebraica|לָךְ}} ''tibi'' (f.), 
{{Hebraica|לוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|לָהּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|לָהֶם}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לָמוֹ}}), {{Hebraica|לָהֶן}}.   
Monosyllabis et bisyllabis, quae 1&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; syllabam accentu notatam 
habeant, praeposita, praepositio {{Hebraica|ל}} vocali ''qâmez'' (''â'') 
instruitur. Ex. {{Hebraica|לָאוֹר}} ''sub lucem;'' {{Hebraica|לָבֶטַח}} (''lâ-bhéṭaḥ'') ''secure,'' 
''placide'' (litt. ''ad securitatem''); 

''k'') {{Hebraica|מִן}} (poët. {{Hebraica|מִנִּי}}, {{Hebraica|מִנֵּי}}) ''a, ab, ex, de.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנִּי}}, 
{{Hebraica|מִמְּךָ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֵּךְ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנָּהּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּם}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּן}}, {{Hebraica|מִנְהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶם}},
{{Hebraica|מִנְהֶן}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶן}}. Formae poëticae sunt: {{Hebraica|מֶנִּי}} ''a me,'' {{Hebraica|מֶנְהוּ}} et 
{{Hebraica|מִנֵּהוּ}} ''ab eo;'' 

''l'') {{Hebraica|עַד}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲדֵי}}) ''usque ad,'' {{Graeca|μέχρι}}, ''ad.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָדַי}} 
{{Hebraica|עָדֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדָיו}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֵיכֶם}}, cet.;

''m'') {{Hebraica|עַל}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲלֵי}}) ''super, supra.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָלַי}}, 
{{Hebraica|עָלֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלַיִךְ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלָיו}}, , {{Hebraica|עָלֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלֵינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶם}} (poët.
{{Hebraica|עָלֵימוֹ}}) cet.; 

''n'') {{Hebraica|עִם}} ''cum, apud.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עִמִּי}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּדִי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמְּךָי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּךְ}},
{{Hebraica|עִמּוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּם}} cet.; 

'o') {{Hebraica|תַּחַת}} ''sub, pro, loco alicujus.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|תַּחְתַּי}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתְּיךָ}},
{{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּיו}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֶּיחָ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּם}} cet. 

249. — Praepositiones {{Hebraica|בְּ}} ''in,'' et {{Hebraica|לְ}} ''ad,'' quae ut 
praefixa nominibus praeponuntur (§ 246), quando nomen 
articulum habeat, litteram {{Hebraica|ה}} articuli deperdere faciunt, 
vocalemque articuli (§ 211 seqq.) ad se trahunt. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|מֶלֶךְ}} ''rex,'' {{Hebraica|לְמֶלֶךְ}} ''regi,'' {{Graeca|βασιλεῖ}}, sed {{Hebraica|לַמֶּלֶךְ}} (pro {{Hebraica|לְהַמֶּלֶךְ}}) 
{{Graeca|τῷ βασιλεῖ}}, cum articulo; {{Hebraica|עִיר}} ''urbs,'' {{Graeca|πόλις}}, {{Hebraica|בְּעִיר}} ''in urbe,'' 
{{Graeca|ἐν πόλει}}, sed {{Hebraica|בָּעִיר}} {{Graeca|ἐν τῇ πόλει}}, cum articulo. 

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      <timestamp>2026-08-21T12:44:52Z</timestamp>
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        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
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      <text bytes="3595" sha1="11lluswoxqn36jwviog2mw0pgo7qrpf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;110&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''i'') {{Hebraica|לְ}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לְמוֹ}}, inservit dativo exprimendo; etiam 
genitivo possessionis designando. Ex. {{Hebraica|לִשְׁלֹמֹה}} 
''ad Salomonem,'' vel ''Salomoni,'' vel ''quod est Salomonis) ad.'' Cum 
suff. {{Hebraica|לִי}} ''mihi,'' {{Hebraica|לְךָ}} (in pausa {{Hebraica|לָךְ}}) ''tibi'' (masc.), {{Hebraica|לָךְ}} ''tibi'' (f.), 
{{Hebraica|לוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|לָהּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|לָכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|לָהֶם}} (poët. {{Hebraica|לָמוֹ}}), {{Hebraica|לָהֶן}}.   
Monosyllabis et bisyllabis, quae 1&lt;sup&gt;am&lt;/sup&gt; syllabam accentu notatam 
habeant, praeposita, praepositio {{Hebraica|ל}} vocali ''qâmez'' (''â'') 
instruitur. Ex. {{Hebraica|לָאוֹר}} ''sub lucem;'' {{Hebraica|לָבֶטַח}} (''lâ-bhéṭaḥ'') ''secure,'' 
''placide'' (litt. ''ad securitatem''); 

''k'') {{Hebraica|מִן}} (poët. {{Hebraica|מִנִּי}}, {{Hebraica|מִנֵּי}}) ''a, ab, ex, de.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנִּי}}, 
{{Hebraica|מִמְּךָ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֵּךְ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנָּהּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִמֶּנּוּ}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּם}}, {{Hebraica|מִכֶּן}}, {{Hebraica|מִנְהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶם}},
{{Hebraica|מִנְהֶן}} et {{Hebraica|מֵהֶן}}. Formae poëticae sunt: {{Hebraica|מֶנִּי}} ''a me,'' {{Hebraica|מֶנְהוּ}} et 
{{Hebraica|מִנֵּהוּ}} ''ab eo;'' 

''l'') {{Hebraica|עַד}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲדֵי}}) ''usque ad,'' {{Graeca|μέχρι}}, ''ad.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָדַי}} 
{{Hebraica|עָדֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדָיו}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָדֵיכֶם}}, cet.;

''m'') {{Hebraica|עַל}} (poët. {{Hebraica|עֲלֵי}}) ''super, supra.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עָלַי}}, 
{{Hebraica|עָלֶיךָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלַיִךְ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלָיו}}, , {{Hebraica|עָלֶיהָ}}, {{Hebraica|עָלֵינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶן}}, {{Hebraica|עֲלֵיכֶם}} (poët.
{{Hebraica|עָלֵימוֹ}}) cet.; 

''n'') {{Hebraica|עִם}} ''cum, apud.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|עִמִּי}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּדִי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמְּךָי}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּךְ}},
{{Hebraica|עִמּוֹ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּנוּ}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|עִמָּהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|עִמָּם}} cet.; 

''o'') {{Hebraica|תַּחַת}} ''sub, pro, loco alicujus.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|תַּחְתַּי}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתְּיךָ}},
{{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּיו}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֶּיחָ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּינוּ}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיכֶם}}, {{Hebraica|תַּחְתֵּיהֶם}} et {{Hebraica|תַּחְתָּם}} cet. 

249. — Praepositiones {{Hebraica|בְּ}} ''in,'' et {{Hebraica|לְ}} ''ad,'' quae ut 
praefixa nominibus praeponuntur (§ 246), quando nomen 
articulum habeat, litteram {{Hebraica|ה}} articuli deperdere faciunt, 
vocalemque articuli (§ 211 seqq.) ad se trahunt. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|מֶלֶךְ}} ''rex,'' {{Hebraica|לְמֶלֶךְ}} ''regi,'' {{Graeca|βασιλεῖ}}, sed {{Hebraica|לַמֶּלֶךְ}} (pro {{Hebraica|לְהַמֶּלֶךְ}}) 
{{Graeca|τῷ βασιλεῖ}}, cum articulo; {{Hebraica|עִיר}} ''urbs,'' {{Graeca|πόλις}}, {{Hebraica|בְּעִיר}} ''in urbe,'' 
{{Graeca|ἐν πόλει}}, sed {{Hebraica|בָּעִיר}} {{Graeca|ἐν τῇ πόλει}}, cum articulo. 

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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/123</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85207</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276823</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T12:59:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '250. — Praepositio {{Hebraica|מִן}}, ''a, ex,'' sine ulla mutatione  praeponitur nomini eum articulo. Ex. {{Hebraica|מִן הָאָרֶץ}} ''e terra;'' {{Hebraica|מִן הָעִיר}} ''ex urbe;'' {{Hebraica|מִן הַ}}שׂ{{Hebraica|ָּרֶה}} ''e campo.'' Interdum vero copulatur cum  nomine. Tunc, si nomen articulum non habet, littera {{Hebraica|נ}}  praepositionis {{Hebraica|מִן}} deperditur, eamque ad compensandam  1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera nomi...'</comment>
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      <text bytes="2497" sha1="2ex1m3zo7hk2lrqqnrkgwi6y6jg05yq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;111&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;250. — Praepositio {{Hebraica|מִן}}, ''a, ex,'' sine ulla mutatione 
praeponitur nomini eum articulo. Ex. {{Hebraica|מִן הָאָרֶץ}} ''e terra;'' {{Hebraica|מִן הָעִיר}}
''ex urbe;'' {{Hebraica|מִן הַ}}שׂ{{Hebraica|ָּרֶה}} ''e campo.'' Interdum vero copulatur cum 
nomine. Tunc, si nomen articulum non habet, littera {{Hebraica|נ}} 
praepositionis {{Hebraica|מִן}} deperditur, eamque ad compensandam 
1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera nominis ''dâghesh'' puncto notatur. Ex. {{Hebraica|מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל}} 
''e toto'' (pro {{Hebraica|מִן כָּל־}}) ''populo Israël.'' Si vero nomen sit 
articulo instructum, vel per litteram incipiat quae punctum 
''dâghesh'' non recipit (§ 31), praepositio praefixa vocali 
''zêrê'' (''ê'') notatur. Ex. {{Hebraica|מֵאֶרֶץ}} (pro {{Hebraica|מִן אֶרֶץ}}) ''e terra;'' {{Hebraica|מֵהָאִישׁ}} 
(pro {{Hebraica|מִן הָאִישׁ}}) ''ab homine.'' 

251. — Nomini Dei {{Hebraica|יְהֹוָה}} de quo vide § 43, 44, 
praeponuntur praepositiones {{Hebraica|בְּ}} et {{Hebraica|לְ}} hac ratione: {{Hebraica|בַּיהֹוָה}} 
''in Domino,'' {{Hebraica|לַיהֹוָה}} ''Domino, ad Dominum,'' ad normam 
nominis {{Hebraica|אֲדֹנָי}}. 

252. — Praepositiones compositae sunt: {{Hebraica|מִמַּעַל}} (pro 
{{Hebraica|מִן מַעַל}}) ''desuper;'' {{Hebraica|מִתַּחַת}} (pro {{Hebraica|מן תַּחַת}}) ''subter;'' {{Hebraica|מִסָּבִיב}} 
(pro {{Hebraica|מִן סָבִיב}}) ''circum,'' aliaeque, de quibus plura docebit 
glossarium. 


{{ct|{{§|2.}} De adverbiis.}}
253. — Adverbia linguae hebraicae praecipua haec sunt: 
{{Hebraica|אָו}} ''tunc;'' — {{Hebraica|אֵיכָה}} ''quomodo?;'' — {{Hebraica|אֵיפֹה}} ''ubi?;'' — {{Hebraica|אַיִן}} 
''ubi?;'' — {{Hebraica|אָן}} ''ubi? quo?;'' — {{Hebraica|אַל}} ''ne'' (in prohibendo et 
vetando, § 59); — {{Hebraica|הָֽלְאָה}} ''illuc;'' — {{Hebraica|הֵגָּה}} ''hic, huc;'' — {{Hebraica|טֶרֶם}} 
''nondum,'' et {{Hebraica|בְּטֶרֶם}} ''antequam,'' et {{Hebraica|מִטִּרֶם}} ''priusquam;'' — {{Hebraica|כֹּה}} 
''ita, sic; huc, illuc;'' — {{Hebraica|לֹא}} ''non'' (in negando); — {{Hebraica|מֵאַיִן}} (pro 
{{Hebraica|מִן אַיִן}} § 250) ''unde?;'' — {{Hebraica|מָתַי}} ''quando?;'' — {{Hebraica|פֹּה}} ''hic, hoc'' 
''loco,'' cet. 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2ex1m3zo7hk2lrqqnrkgwi6y6jg05yq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/126</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85208</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276825</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:15:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'labialem incipiat vel per litteram vocali ''shĕvâ'' simplici  (''ĕ'') notatam, conjunctio ו vocalem ''shûreq'' (''û'') recipit. Ex.  וּמֹשֶׁה ''et Moyses;'' וּדְבַר הָאֶלֹהִים ''et verbum Dei.'' — Cum  littera 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;sup&gt; vocabuli sit una ex א, ה, ח, ע, vocali ''shĕvâ''  composito instructa, conjunctio ו notatur ad normam § 35.  Ex. וַאֲנִי ''et ego;'' וֶאֱכֹל ''et tu manduca!'' Occurrunt tamen  וֶחְי...'</comment>
      <origin>276825</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2052" sha1="66rtkuc5j8fs570ddkb2zs7nertpafn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;114&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;labialem incipiat vel per litteram vocali ''shĕvâ'' simplici 
(''ĕ'') notatam, conjunctio ו vocalem ''shûreq'' (''û'') recipit. Ex. 
וּמֹשֶׁה ''et Moyses;'' וּדְבַר הָאֶלֹהִים ''et verbum Dei.'' — Cum 
littera 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;sup&gt; vocabuli sit una ex א, ה, ח, ע, vocali ''shĕvâ'' 
composito instructa, conjunctio ו notatur ad normam § 35. 
Ex. וַאֲנִי ''et ego;'' וֶאֱכֹל ''et tu manduca!'' Occurrunt tamen 
וֶחְיֵה pro וֶחֱיֵה ''et tu vive!'' et similia, cum 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera sit 
ח. — Cum praeponatur vocabulo cuidam monosyllabo 
vel bisyllabo cujus 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera accentu tonico sit notata 
(cfr. etiam ל, § 248, ''i''), particula ו vocali ''qâmez'' (â) 
instruitur. Hoc fit cum duo vocabula, vel ejusdem vel 
similis vel contrariae significationis, alterum alterius 
ad latus ponantur. Ex. טוֹב וָרַע ''bonum et malum,'' 
תֹּהוּ וָבֹהוּ ''inanitas et vastitas,'' כָּבוֹ͏ד וָעוֹ ''gloria et'' 
''fortitudo.'' — Cum vox incipiat per יְ, notatur vocali ''ḥîreq'' 
brevi (''i''). Ex. וִיהוּדָה ''et Judas.'' — Praeposita nomini Dei 
יְהֹוָה (§ 43, 44), particula ו vocali ''pathaḥ'' (''a'') instruitur. 
(Ex. יַיהֹוָה, ad normam nominis אֲדֹנָי (cfr. § 251). 


{{ct|{{§|4.}} De interjectionibus.}} 
261. — Interjectiones sunt: אַהָהּ ''heu!'' (vox dolentis); 
אוֹי, אוֹיָה ''vae!'' (vox dolentis aut comminantis); — אָח 
''eheu!'' (vox dolentis); — אַלְלַי ''vae mihi!;'' הֶאָח ''euge!'' (vox 
laetantis); — הַם ''sile!'' (ital. ''zitto!''). 

262. — Aliae interjectiones sunt partes orationis : 
הֵן, הִנֵּה ''ecce!'' (etiam adverb. § 257 ''c''); — הַב et הָֽבָה 
(cum ה paragogica, § 155 seqq.) ''age!'' הָבוּ ''agite!'' 
(Imperat. verbi יָהַב dedit); — חָלִילָה ''absit!'' (litt. 
''ad profana!,'' a חָלִיל profamum, § 185 ''c''); — לְכָה ''age!'' לְכוּ&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>66rtkuc5j8fs570ddkb2zs7nertpafn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276826</id>
      <parentid>276825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:16:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276826</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2612" sha1="dxg538o43b3t17g6yh6647v3bc6cixf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;114&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;labialem incipiat vel per litteram vocali ''shĕvâ'' simplici 
(''ĕ'') notatam, conjunctio {{Hebraica|ו}} vocalem ''shûreq'' (''û'') recipit. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|וּמֹשֶׁה}} ''et Moyses;'' {{Hebraica|וּדְבַר הָאֶלֹהִים}} ''et verbum Dei.'' — Cum 
littera 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; vocabuli sit una ex {{Hebraica|א}}, {{Hebraica|ה}}, {{Hebraica|ח}}, {{Hebraica|ע}}, vocali ''shĕvâ'' 
composito instructa, conjunctio {{Hebraica|ו}} notatur ad normam § 35. 
Ex. {{Hebraica|וַאֲנִי}} ''et ego;'' {{Hebraica|וֶאֱכֹל}} ''et tu manduca!'' Occurrunt tamen 
{{Hebraica|וֶחְיֵה}} pro {{Hebraica|וֶחֱיֵה}} ''et tu vive!'' et similia, cum 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera sit 
{{Hebraica|ח}}. — Cum praeponatur vocabulo cuidam monosyllabo 
vel bisyllabo cujus 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; littera accentu tonico sit notata 
(cfr. etiam {{Hebraica|ל}}, § 248, ''i''), particula {{Hebraica|ו}} vocali ''qâmez'' (â) 
instruitur. Hoc fit cum duo vocabula, vel ejusdem vel 
similis vel contrariae significationis, alterum alterius 
ad latus ponantur. Ex. {{Hebraica|טוֹב וָרַע}} ''bonum et malum,'' 
{{Hebraica|תֹּהוּ וָבֹהוּ}} ''inanitas et vastitas,'' {{Hebraica|כָּבוֹ}}͏{{Hebraica|ד וָעוֹ}} ''gloria et'' 
''fortitudo.'' — Cum vox incipiat per {{Hebraica|יְ}}, notatur vocali ''ḥîreq'' 
brevi (''i''). Ex. {{Hebraica|וִיהוּדָה}} ''et Judas.'' — Praeposita nomini Dei 
{{Hebraica|יְהֹוָה}} (§ 43, 44), particula {{Hebraica|ו}} vocali ''pathaḥ'' (''a'') instruitur. 
(Ex. {{Hebraica|יַיהֹוָה}}, ad normam nominis {{Hebraica|אֲדֹנָי}} (cfr. § 251). 


{{ct|{{§|4.}} De interjectionibus.}} 
261. — Interjectiones sunt: {{Hebraica|אַהָהּ}} ''heu!'' (vox dolentis); 
{{Hebraica|אוֹי}}, {{Hebraica|אוֹיָה}} ''vae!'' (vox dolentis aut comminantis); — {{Hebraica|אָח}} 
''eheu!'' (vox dolentis); — {{Hebraica|אַלְלַי}} ''vae mihi!;'' {{Hebraica|הֶאָח}} ''euge!'' (vox 
laetantis); — {{Hebraica|הַם}} ''sile!'' (ital. ''zitto!''). 

262. — Aliae interjectiones sunt partes orationis : 
{{Hebraica|הֵן}}, {{Hebraica|הִנֵּה}} ''ecce!'' (etiam adverb. § 257 ''c''); — {{Hebraica|הַב}} et {{Hebraica|הָֽבָה}} 
(cum {{Hebraica|ה}} paragogica, § 155 seqq.) ''age!'' {{Hebraica|הָבוּ}} ''agite!'' 
(Imperat. verbi {{Hebraica|יָהַב}} dedit); — {{Hebraica|חָלִילָה}} ''absit!'' (litt. 
''ad profana!,'' a {{Hebraica|חָלִיל}} profamum, § 185 ''c''); — {{Hebraica|לְכָה}} ''age!'' {{Hebraica|לְכוּ}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/125</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85209</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276827</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:34:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '''c'') {{Hebraica|הֵן}} et {{Hebraica|הִנֵּה}} ''hic! ecce!'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|הִנְנִי}} ''ecce me! adsum!;''  {{Hebraica|הִנְּךָ}} ''ecce te! ecce ades!;'' {{Hebraica|הִנֵּנוּ}} ''ecce nos! adsumus!;'' {{Hebraica|הִנְּכֶם}}  ''ecce vos!'' cet.;   ''d'') {{Hebraica|יֵשׁ}} et {{Hebraica|יֶשׁ־}}, {{Graeca|τὸ εἶναι}}, ''esse.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|יָשְׁךָ}} ''tu es;'' {{Hebraica|יֶשְׁנוֹ}...'</comment>
      <origin>276827</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2581" sha1="94y18g6hlqdd3al44zvycsoqw3ppjgn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;113&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;''c'') {{Hebraica|הֵן}} et {{Hebraica|הִנֵּה}} ''hic! ecce!'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|הִנְנִי}} ''ecce me! adsum!;'' 
{{Hebraica|הִנְּךָ}} ''ecce te! ecce ades!;'' {{Hebraica|הִנֵּנוּ}} ''ecce nos! adsumus!;'' {{Hebraica|הִנְּכֶם}} 
''ecce vos!'' cet.; 

''d'') {{Hebraica|יֵשׁ}} et {{Hebraica|יֶשׁ־}}, {{Graeca|τὸ εἶναι}}, ''esse.'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|יָשְׁךָ}} ''tu es;'' {{Hebraica|יֶשְׁנוֹ}} 
''ille est;'' {{Hebraica|יֶשְׁכֶם}} ''vos estis.'' Cum dativo, verbum habere 
exprimit. Ex. {{Hebraica|יֵשׁ לִי עֶבֶד}} ''est mihi servus,'' i. e. ''servum habeo;'' 

''e'') {{Hebraica|עוֹד}} ''iterum, denuo; continuo; adhuc; etiam.'' Cum suff. 
{{Hebraica|עוֹדֶנִּי}} ''adhuc ego (sum);'' {{Hebraica|עוֹרְךָ}} ''adhuc tu, etiam tu;'' {{Hebraica|עוֹדֶנּוּ}} 
''etiam ille,'' cet. 


{{ct|{{§|3.}} De conjunctionibus.}} 
258. — Conjunctiones hebraicae quae frequentius 
occurrunt, sunt: {{Hebraica|אֲבָל}} ''at, vero, immo;'' — {{Hebraica|אוֹ}} ''vel, aut;'' — 
{{Hebraica|אִם}} ''si,'' quae tamen, in jurisjurandi formulis et in 
obtestationibus, habet vim negandi. Ex. {{Hebraica|אִם־יִתְכַּפֵּר}} ''certo non expietur!''
(I ''Sam.'' III, 14); — {{Hebraica|אַף}} ''etiam;'' — {{Hebraica|אֲשֶׁר}} (pron. 
§ 225 seqq.) quia, quod (vide etiam § 259); — {{Hebraica|גַּם}} ''etiam;'' 
— {{Hebraica|וְ}}, {{Hebraica|וּ}}, {{Hebraica|וָ}}, {{Hebraica|וִ}} ''et'' (vide § 260); — {{Hebraica|כִּי}} ''quia, quod;'' inservit 
etiam sermoni alicujus introducendo (cfr. {{Graeca|ὅτι}} in 
''Novo Testamento''); — {{Hebraica|לוּ}} ''si;'' — {{Hebraica|פֶּן־}} ''ne,'' cet. 

259. — Conjunctio {{Hebraica|אֲשֶׁר}} ''quia,'' cum praepositionibus 
et adverbiis praepositis vel praefixis, etiam occurrit. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|בַּאֲשֶׁר}}, {{Hebraica|אֶל־אֲשֶׁר}} ''eo (loco) quo, ubi;'' — {{Hebraica|כַּאֲשֶׁר}} ''sicut,'' 
''quemadmodum;'' — {{Hebraica|אַחַר אֲשֶׁר}} ''postquam;'' — {{Hebraica|עַד אֲשֶׁר}} 
''donec,'' cet. 

260. — Conjunctio copulativa {{Hebraica|ו}} ''et, etiam,'' quae 
saepissime in libris occurrit, fere semper vocali ''shĕvâ'' (''ĕ'') 
notatur et praefigitur vocabulo subsequenti. Ex. {{Hebraica|הַשָּׁמַיִם
וְהָאָרֶץ}} coelum et terra. — Cum vocabulum per litteram&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--nop--&gt;

{{rh|&lt;small&gt;{{sc|Pizzi}}&amp;ensp;–&amp;ensp;''Grammatica Hebraica''||8{{gap|3em}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Italo Pizzi, Elementa grammaticae Hebraicae.djvu/124</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85210</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276829</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T13:48:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '254. — Nomina et adjectiva interdum pro adverbiis  usurpantur. Ex. {{Hebraica|אָמֵן}} (''firmus, verus''), adv. ''certo! profecto!; ita''  ''sit!'' ({{graeca|ἀμὴν}}, ''amen'')'';'' — {{Hebraica|מְאֹד}} ''(vehementia, robur,'' a rad. {{Hebraica|אוּד}}  arabice ''validus fuit)'' adv. ''vehementer, valde;'' — {{Hebraica|סָבִיב}}  ''(circuitus)'' adv. ''circum;'' — {{Hebraica|פְּלָהִים}} (plur. a {{Hebraica|פֶּלֶא}}...'</comment>
      <origin>276829</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2438" sha1="dzylwbsg7497az08djyhlsf7wernr6h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|—&amp;emsp;112&amp;emsp;—}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;254. — Nomina et adjectiva interdum pro adverbiis 
usurpantur. Ex. {{Hebraica|אָמֵן}} (''firmus, verus''), adv. ''certo! profecto!; ita'' 
''sit!'' ({{graeca|ἀμὴν}}, ''amen'')'';'' — {{Hebraica|מְאֹד}} ''(vehementia, robur,'' a rad. {{Hebraica|אוּד}} 
arabice ''validus fuit)'' adv. ''vehementer, valde;'' — {{Hebraica|סָבִיב}} 
''(circuitus)'' adv. ''circum;'' — {{Hebraica|פְּלָהִים}} (plur. a {{Hebraica|פֶּלֶא}} 
''miraculum'') adv. ''mirabiliter,'' cet.

255. — Nonnulla adverbia terminationem {{Hebraica|ם}} recipiunt 
de qua vide § 185 ''c.'' Ex. {{Hebraica|אָמְנָם}} ''profecto, vere'' (a rad. {{Hebraica|אָמַן}} 
''firmus fuit''); — {{Hebraica|חִנָּם}} ''gratis, gratuito; frustra'' (a rad. {{Hebraica|חָנַן}} 
''gratificatus est, favit);'' — {{Hebraica|רֵיקָם}} ''vacue, frustra'' (a {{Hebraica|רֵיק}} 
''vacuus, inanis''), cet. 

256. — Inter adverbia recensetur etiam particula 
interrogandi {{Hebraica|הֲ}} vocabulis praefixa. Ex. {{Hebraica|הֲלֹא}} ''nonne?;'' {{Hebraica|הֲעָשִׂיתָ 
זֹאת}} ''num fecisti hoc?'' Cum vocabulum per vocalem ''shĕvâ'' 
(''ĕ'') incipiat, particula {{Hebraica|ה}} vocali ''pathaḥ (a)'' notatur. Ex. 
{{Hebraica|הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי}} ''num abscondam ego?;'' {{Hebraica|הַאֲנִי}} ''ego ne?'' Ante 
gutturales, particula {{Hebraica|ה}} vel vocalem ''sĕghôl (e)'' recipit vel 
''pathaḥ (a).'' Ex. {{Hebraica|הֶאָנֹכִי}} ''egone?;'' {{Hebraica|הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח}} ''an etiam'' 
''alium fratrem habetis?'' (litt. ''an etiam vobis frater?'') — 
Sequitur interdum punctum ''dâghesh.'' Ex. {{Hebraica|הַכּתֹנֶת בִּנְךָ הִיא}} 
''num vestis filii tui haec?'' 

257. — Nonnulla adverbia quae nomina sunt (§ 253), 
suffixis pronominalibus instruuntur, quo fit ut vim verbi 
substantivi recipiant. Exempla sint: 

''a'') {{Hebraica|אַי}} ''ubi?'' Cum suff. {{Hebraica|אַיֶּכָּה}} ''ubi (es) tu?;'' {{Hebraica|אַיּוֹ}} ''ubi (est)'' 
''ille?;'' {{Hebraica|אַיָּם}} ''ubi (sunt) illi?;'' 

''b'') {{Hebraica|אַיִן}} (st. constr. {{Hebraica|אֵין}}) ''vacuitas , nihilum;'' adv. ''non.'' 
Cum suff. {{Hebraica|אֵינֶנִּי}} ''non ego (sum);'' {{Hebraica|אֵינְךָ}} ''non tu (es);'' {{Hebraica|אֵינְכֶם}} 
''non vos (estis),'' cet.; 

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scriptor:Iohannes Filstich</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>85211</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276870</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T17:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Scriptor|IndicisNomen=Filstich, Iohannes|Natio=Transsilvania}}  == Opera == * ''Oratio panegirica celsissimo principi ac domino domino Nicolao Alexandro Maurocordato per tractum pacis e Germanorum detentione liberato'' (''Oratio in honorem Nicolai Maurocordati Vaivodae Transalpinensi e captivate Cibiniensi liberati Anno 1718 habita'') * ''De fatis rei literariae in Transilvania'' (1720) * ''Explicatio librorum symbolicorum ecclesiarum nostrarum'' (1720) * ''H...'</comment>
      <origin>276870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1609" sha1="cqokngnr3d3vcjwoo461jb7g7pldbky" xml:space="preserve">{{Scriptor|IndicisNomen=Filstich, Iohannes|Natio=Transsilvania}}

== Opera ==
* ''Oratio panegirica celsissimo principi ac domino domino Nicolao Alexandro Maurocordato per tractum pacis e Germanorum detentione liberato'' (''Oratio in honorem Nicolai Maurocordati Vaivodae Transalpinensi e captivate Cibiniensi liberati Anno 1718 habita'')
* ''De fatis rei literariae in Transilvania'' (1720)
* ''Explicatio librorum symbolicorum ecclesiarum nostrarum'' (1720)
* ''Historia reformationis Lutheranae'' (1720)
* ''Oratio de origine nationum in Transilvania'' (1720)
* ''Orantiuncula de Transilvania circa initum seculi 16. per reformationem de Deo rectius edocta'' (1720)
* ''Historia ecclesiastica totius Transilvaniae'' (1720) 
* ''Extractus literarum im Valachiam ad illustris. dominum Spotare Mihaly missarum a comite Mikes Michaly'' (1728)
* ''Excepta ex Pauli Piasecii Cronica historiarum in Europa singularium'' (1728)
* ''Tentamen historiae Vallachicae'' (1728)
* ''Excerpta patriae vicinarumque regionum historiam concernentia''
* ''Historia regni Transilvanici civilis'' (1729)
* ''Oratio de historia Vallachorum'' (1732)
* ''Historia Valachiae'' (1741)
* ''Moldaviae Historia'' (1741)
* ''Illustratio articulorum quorundam historicorum rem et historiam Valachorum concernentium'' (1742-1743)
* ''Nummophylacium Schulzianum'' (1743)
* ''Schediasma historicum de Valachorum historia'' (Jenae, 1743)
* ''Brevis descriptio principatus Walachiae, quae tractationem geographicam, phisycam, politicam et historicam exhibet'' (1743)
* ''Historica Transsilvaniae, Hungariae, Valachiae et Moldaviae descriptio''</text>
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    <title>Scriptor:Wolffgangus de Bethlen</title>
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      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '{{sciptor|IndicisNomen=Bethlen, Wolffgangus de}}  == Opera == * Historia de rebus Transsylvanicis (16 libri) * Historia Pannonico-Dacica, a clade Mohacsensi, MDXXVI, usque ad finem saeculi (10 libri; post 1687)'</comment>
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== Opera ==
* Historia de rebus Transsylvanicis (16 libri)
* Historia Pannonico-Dacica, a clade Mohacsensi, MDXXVI, usque ad finem saeculi (10 libri; post 1687)</text>
      <sha1>g2ar3vgs945fbcsfaji0o5jc8pjwoyi</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>276872</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="211" sha1="7y5r0d4xuzqqsjoe7hihpwozk7f3yu5" xml:space="preserve">{{scriptor|IndicisNomen=Bethlen, Wolffgangus de}}

== Opera ==
* Historia de rebus Transsylvanicis (16 libri)
* Historia Pannonico-Dacica, a clade Mohacsensi, MDXXVI, usque ad finem saeculi (10 libri; post 1687)</text>
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== Opera ==
* Historia de rebus Transsylvanicis (16 libri)
* Historia Pannonico-Dacica, a clade Mohacsensi, MDXXVI, usque ad finem saeculi (10 libri)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Gesta Abbatum Monsterii Sancti Albani (vol 2 1290, 1349).pdf/108</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85213</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276877</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T22:25:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Catgolin</username>
        <id>32186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens ': {{Marginalia dextra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302‑8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;of the Abbot of Saint Alban's of a tenement at Stanmere Magna.}} injuste et sine judicio dissesiverunt eum de libero tenemento suo in Magna Stanmere, post primam transfretationem Domini Henrici Regis, patris nostri, in Wasconiam; et ideo tibi præcipimus, quod si prædictus Abbas fecerit tesecurum de clameo suo prosequendo, tunc tenementum illud reses...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2388" sha1="cyzimvafcd7cwhiqrkpvcpzunc3vv2r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;Catgolin&quot; /&gt;{{sidenotes begin|side=right}}
{{rh||{{Capituli|Monasterii Sancti Albani.}}|77}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;: {{Marginalia dextra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302‑8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;of the Abbot of Saint Alban's of a tenement at Stanmere Magna.}} injuste et sine judicio dissesiverunt eum de libero tenemento suo in Magna Stanmere, post primam transfretationem Domini Henrici Regis, patris nostri, in Wasconiam; et ideo tibi præcipimus, quod si prædictus Abbas fecerit tesecurum de clameo suo prosequendo, tunc tenementum illud resesiri facias de catallis quæ in ipse capta fuerunt, et ipsum tenementum, cum catallis, esse in pace, usque ad diem Lunæ in crastino quindenæ Paschæ proximo futurum. Et interim facias duodecim liberos et legales homines de visneto illo videre tenementum id, et nomina corum inbreviari. Et summone er bonos summonitores quod tunc sint coram Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium, inde facere recognitionem: et pone per vadium et salvos plegio prædictos J., et Isabellam, et Robertum, vel plegios suos, si ipsi inventi non fuerint, quod tunc sint ibi ad audiendum illam recognitionem; et habeas ibi summonitores, nomina plegiorum, et hoc breve. Teste meipso, apud Lanrecost, sexto die Decembris, anno regni nostri tricesimo &lt;ref&gt;xxxvi° in MS., erroneously&lt;/ref&gt;quinto.&quot;

==== De recuperatione redditus præscripti. ====

: {{Marginalia dextra|Finding of the Assize in favour of the Abbot, and punishment of the disseisors; from the official Record.}} &quot;Assisa venit, recognitura si J. de S., et Isabella, uxor ejus, Robertus de Schire, disseisiverunt Abbatem de Sancto Albano de libero tenemento suo in Magna Stanmere, post primam,&lt;ref&gt;As above, in line 2.&lt;/ref&gt; ''et cætera''; et unde Abas, per attornatum suum,&lt;ref&gt;''querit'' in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;queritur quod prædicti J et Robertus disseisiverunt eum de decem marcis redditus, cum pertinentiis,''et cætera''.

: &quot;Qui quidem J. venit, et, taquam ballivus prædictorum Isabellæ et Roberti, respondit pro se et aliis; et nihil dicit. Quare Assisa remaneat capienda. Eadem capiatur Assisa, ''et cætera''.

: &quot;Et jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod prædicti J., et Isabella, et Robertus, disseisiverunt prædictum Abbatem de prædicto redditu, injuste, ''et cætera''. Dicunt enim quod prædicti J. et alii, replegiaverunt averia quæ prædictus Abbas cepit occa&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hr}}
&lt;references /&gt;
{{sidenotes end}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Gesta Abbatum Monsterii Sancti Albani (vol 2 1290, 1349).pdf/109</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276878</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T22:34:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Catgolin</username>
        <id>32186</id>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens ': sione {{Marginalia sinistra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;}} prædicta. Requisiti, a quo tempore prædecessores prædicti Abbatis, et ipse Abbas fuerit seisitus &lt;ref&gt;Repeated in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;de prædicto redditu, dicunt, deem marcas, ''et cætera''. Dicunt quod quadraginta annis elapsis, et amplius; et quod idem J. injuste detinuit prædictum redditum Abbatis per quatuor annos, videlicet, quadraginat marcas,...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2385" sha1="bpbpj17f87yaa4v9wpwojxgpmd2y7bu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;Catgolin&quot; /&gt;{{sidenotes begin}}
{{rh|78|{{Capituli|Gesta Abbatum}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;: sione {{Marginalia sinistra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;}} prædicta. Requisiti, a quo tempore prædecessores prædicti Abbatis, et ipse Abbas fuerit seisitus &lt;ref&gt;Repeated in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;de prædicto redditu, dicunt, deem marcas, ''et cætera''. Dicunt quod quadraginta annis elapsis, et amplius; et quod idem J. injuste detinuit prædictum redditum Abbatis per quatuor annos, videlicet, quadraginat marcas, ad damnum ipsius Abbatis decem librarum.

: &quot;Ideo consideratum est, quod prædictus Abbas recuperet prædicta arreragia, et damna prædicta, ''et cætera''. Et prædictus J. committatur gaiolæ, et prædicti Isabella et Robertus in misericordia.

: &quot;Postea, idem J. finem fecit cum omino Rege de prædicta trangressione pro decem solidis. Et recipitur, ''et cætera'', per plevinam The' de Luda, clerici.—H. Spigurnel. Et uper hoc prædictus Abbas, per attornatum suum, Eliam de Ailsbiry, elegit sibi liberari omnimoda bona et catalla, ''et cætera'', et similiter, medietatem terrarum et tenementorum, ''et cætera'', secundum formam Statuti, ''et cætera''.

==== Breve Regis, super levatione debiti præscripti. ====

:: {{Marginalia sinistra|Writ to the Sheriff of Middlesex, for levying the sums found due to the Abbot, from the goods and lads of the disseisors.}} Edwardus, Dei gratia, ''et cætera'', Vicecomiti Middlesexiæ, salutem. Cum Abbas de Sancto Albano nuper in Curia nostra, coram Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium, recuperasset versus J. At Sh', et Isabellam, uxorem ejus, et Robertum Ate Schire, decem marcas redditus, cum pertinentiis, i Magna Stanmere, et etiam quadraginta marcas de arreragiis prædicti redditus, et decem libras pro damno suo &lt;ref&gt;''que'' in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;quod habuit ratione detentionis prædicti redditus, per quamdam &lt;ref&gt;''dissesisinam'' in MS., by inadvertance&lt;/ref&gt;Assisam Novæ Disseisinæ ibidem inter eos sumptam et captam; idem venit in Curia nostra, et elegit sibi liberari omnia bona et catalla ipsorum J., et Isabellæ, et Roberti, præter boves et affros de carruca sua, et similiter, medietatem terrarum et tenementorum suorum in balliva tua, tenenda ut libertum tenementum, juxta formam Statuti nostri provisi, quousque prædictos denarios inde levaverit. Et ideo tibi præ&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hr}}
&lt;references /&gt;
{{sidenotes end}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Gesta Abbatum Monsterii Sancti Albani (vol 2 1290, 1349).pdf/110</title>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens ':: cipimus {{Marginalia dextra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;}} quod omnia bonna et catalla prædictorum J., Isabellæ et Roberti, præter boves et affros de carruca sua, et etiam medietatem terrarum et tenementorum suorum in balliva tua, eidem Abbti sine dilatione deliberari facias, per rationabilie pretium et extentum, tenendum ut liberum tenementum suum, et assignatis suis, juxta formam Statuti nostr...</comment>
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{{rh||{{Capituli|Monasterii Sancti Albani.}}|79}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;:: cipimus {{Marginalia dextra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;}} quod omnia bonna et catalla prædictorum J., Isabellæ et Roberti, præter boves et affros de carruca sua, et etiam medietatem terrarum et tenementorum suorum in balliva tua, eidem Abbti sine dilatione deliberari facias, per rationabilie pretium et extentum, tenendum ut liberum tenementum suum, et assignatis suis, juxta formam Statuti nostri prædicti, quousque prædictos denarios inde levaverit. Et qualiter hoc præceptum nostrum fueritis executus, scire facias Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium, a die Sanctæ Trinitatis in quindecim dies; et habeas ibi breve. Teste H. de Hengham, apud Wesmonasterium, quinto decimo die Aprilis.&quot;

==== &lt;center&gt;Etenta manerii prædicti pro solutione debiti prænotati.&lt;/center&gt; ====

{{Marginalia dextra|Extent(or valuation) of the manor of Great Stanmere.}} Extenta dicti manerii per annum, xii. l. xviii. s. iv. d.; et tenetur in capite de Abbate Sancti Albani, per servitium per annum decem marcarum; et valet ultra servitium de libero quinque libras quindecim solidos per anum. Redditus autem pertinens ad Abbatem lviii. s. vii. d. obol. quadr.

==== &lt;ref&gt;This rubric is placed immediately before the writ of the MS., the introductory matter being left without a rubric.&lt;/ref&gt;Breve Regis contra indebite ingredientes, seu perturbantes, libertatem Monasterii Sancti Albani. ==== 

Quoniam Vicecomes Bukenhamiæ, et ministri sui, ingrediebantur libertatem Abatis apud Wine[s]lawe, et impediverunt Abbatem quominus per ministros suos summonitiones et attachiamenta facere potuit, tale remedium impetravit:—

: {{Marginalia dextra|Writ to the Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, prohibiting him from}} &quot;Rex Vicecomiti Bukenhamiæ, salutem. Ex parte dilecti nobis in Christo Abbatis de Sancto Albano, nobis est ostensum quod cum prædecessores sui, quondam Abbates ejusdem loci, per chartas &lt;ref&gt;''prognitorum'' in MS., by inadvertence.&lt;/ref&gt;progenitorum nostrorum, quondam regum Angliæ, in quibus continetur quod nullus hominum, nec&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hr}}
&lt;references /&gt;
{{sidenotes end}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Gesta Abbatum Monsterii Sancti Albani (vol 2 1290, 1349).pdf/111</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Marginalia sinistra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;encroaching upon the liberties of the Abbot of Saint Alban's.}} : Francus, nec Anglus, de terris ipsorum Abbatis et Conventus, aut hominibus suis, se in aliquo intromittat, nisi et ministri sui, quibus hujusmodi curam committere voluerint, retorna brevium progenitorum nostrorum prædictorum, libertates suas tangentium habere, summonitiones et attachi...</comment>
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{{rh|80|{{Capituli|Gesta Abbatum}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Marginalia sinistra|&lt;center&gt;John IV.,&lt;br/&gt;26th&lt;br/&gt;Abbot,&lt;br/&gt;A.D.&lt;br/&gt;1302–8.{{hr}}&lt;/center&gt;encroaching upon the liberties of the Abbot of Saint Alban's.}}
: Francus, nec Anglus, de terris ipsorum Abbatis et Conventus, aut hominibus suis, se in aliquo intromittat, nisi et ministri sui, quibus hujusmodi curam committere voluerint, retorna brevium progenitorum nostrorum prædictorum, libertates suas tangentium habere, summonitiones et attachiamenta quæ infra libertates facienda emerserint, facere consueverunt; concessimus, pro nobis et hæredibus nostris, quod licet idem Abbas et Conventus ejusdem loci aliqua vel aliquibus libertatibus eis per chartas progenitorum nostrorum prædictorum concessis, hactenus aliquo casu emergente usi non fuerint, iidem tamen Abbas et Conventus, et successores sui, libertates vel libertatibus suis gaudeant plenius, et utantur;—tu et ministri tui, nulla habita consideratione ad tenorem chartarum prædictarum, et concessionem nostram prædictam, libertates ipsius Abbatis apud Wyneslawe, Grenebr', Siptone, Horewode, et Astone, in balliva tua, ut summonitiones et attaciamenta ibidem facere possit, impedistis, et adhuc impeditis, minus juste, contra tenorem chartarum prædictarum, et concessinoem nostram prædictam, nolumus indebite prægravari, tibi præcipimus quod eundem Abbatem libertatibus suis prædictis in balliva sua, juxta tenorem chartarum suarum, et concessionis nostræ, prædictarum, uti et gaudere permittas, ipsum, contra concessionem eandem, non gravans in aliquo, seu molestans. Teste meipso, apud Lanrecost, sexto die Decembris, anno regni nostri tricesimo quinto.&quot;

==== &lt;center&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Rubric is omitted in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;[Quieta-clamantia facta Monasterio a Roberto de Bustone.]&lt;/center&gt; ====

{{Marginalia sinistra|Quit claim made to the Abbot and Convent by Sir Robert de Bustone, of a messuage, lands, and advowson.}} Robertus de Bustone, miles, quietam-clamantiam fecit prædicto &lt;ref&gt;Omitted in MS.&lt;/ref&gt;[Abbati] et Conventui, et successoribus suis, de uno mesuagio et octo bovatis terræ, in Appeltone, in Holderich, et in advocatione dictæ ecclesiæ de Appeltone, in Vigilia Sancti Matthæi Apostoli, anno Domini millesimo trecentesimo sexto, et anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo quarto.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hr}}
&lt;references /&gt;
{{sidenotes end}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Liber:Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu</title>
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      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens ''</comment>
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      <text bytes="867" sha1="n7hgrajstci5dhnr8o04k7qrxggmcvw" xml:space="preserve">{{:MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_template
|Title=[[Moldavia]]
|Language=la
|Volume=
|Author=[[Scriptor:Auctor incertus|Auctor incertus]]
|Translator=
|Editor=
|Illustrator=
|Publisher=
|Address=
|Year=s. XV
|Source=
|Image=[[File:{{PAGENAME}}{{!}}300px{{!}}page=1]]
|Progress=X
|Pages=&lt;pagelist 1=12 1to4=folio/&gt;
|Remarks=Transcriptio huius invenitur in symbola Daco-Romanica c.i. &quot;O scurtă descriere a Moldovei din secolul XV&quot; (Brevis descriptio Moldaviae saeculi XV) a Stephano Pascu edita anno 1943 ([https://dspace.bcu-iasi.ro/handle/123456789/9878 pdf]). Cum ea transcriptio referta sit mendis, nec symbola publici iuris sit facta, ad ipsam epistulam manu scriptam referre maluimus.

Stephanus Pascu contendit hanc epistulam scriptam esse saeculo XV, cum protper eius stylum, tum propter quae in ea continentur. Una enim totius civitatis arx affirmatur esse &quot;Szyczowa&quot; (Suceava), eaque caput civitatis fuit a XIV s. exeunte per totum XV s.; praeterea &quot;Moldavus ipse&quot; ibi nominatus, patet esse Stephanus magnus postquam Turcas a. 1475-1476 reppulerat.
|Header=
|Footer=
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu/1</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '&lt;!--f.12r--&gt; Sacratissime Rex Domine, Domine Clementissime statui Maiestati vestre pro eiusdem desiderio, atque meo qualiqunque  ingenio, et  experentia totius terre Moldavie situm, et ambitum brevi quodam  compendio presentibus describere, ut eo maiorem vestra Maiestas illius  cognitionem, et iudicium, quantum temporis huius angustia  calamo complecti liceat, habere possit, vel minus fortasse  utilem, aut non multo necessarium: Arbitror tame...</comment>
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      <text bytes="1484" sha1="40ymx7pt134u9d1bdgxsd4nfyao438v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--f.12r--&gt;
Sacratissime Rex Domine, Domine Clementissime statui Maiestati vestre
pro eiusdem desiderio, atque meo qualiqunque 
ingenio, et 
experentia totius terre Moldavie situm, et ambitum brevi quodam 
compendio presentibus describere, ut eo maiorem vestra Maiestas illius 
cognitionem, et iudicium, quantum temporis huius angustia 
calamo complecti liceat, habere possit, vel minus fortasse 
utilem, aut non multo necessarium: Arbitror tamen in eo vestre Maestati
me non ingratum obsequium facturum, si modo meis hisce
scriptis, a vera diametrali depictione istius loci non prorsus 
aberravero:

Imprimis itaque Serenissime Rex, dum per Poloniam, a civitate 
Cracoviensi iter versus Moldaviam ingreditur, plana est terra,
atque rebus victui necessariis accommodatissima, montibus, et 
alpibus minime impedita, donec per Russiam propemodum desertam,
usque Leopolim civitatem metropolitanam Russie insignem, que 
a quinquaginta passibus, aut milliaribus ab ipsa civitate 
Cracoviensi distat, atque non adeo procul a confinibus Regni 
Moldavie sita, pervenitur: Illic Arx in excellenti monte huic 
civitati coniuncta est munitissima, utraque ad Regem Polonie 
spectans: unde non longe duo sunt flumina satis profunda, et 
latissima, Nestor, et Moldavia, a quo flumine Moldavo Regnum 
istud imprimis nomen accepit: Que quidem flumina, anteaquam
vere terre Moldavie, mete, attingantur, traiicere oportet: Tandem non
longo itineris intervallo Moldavie limites iniiciuntur, atque recto&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>276901</id>
      <parentid>276893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:29:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276901</origin>
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      <text bytes="1754" sha1="j30c3p5sbhcskwh6l7w6avtobhofzc0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--f.12r--&gt;
{{im|S}}acratissime Rex Domine, D{{~|omi}}ne clementissime: statui Maiestati u{{~|est}}r{{eae}}
pro eiu{{s}}dem de{{s}}iderio, at{{que}} meo qualiqun{{que}} 
ingenio, et 
experentia totius terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} situm, et ambitum breui quodam 
comp{{en}}dio {{p̄|r{{eae}}{{s}}e}}ntibus de{{s}}cribere, ut eo maiorem u{{~|est}}ra M{{~|aies}}tas illius 
cognitionem, et iudicium, quantum temporis huius angustia 
calamo complecti liceat, habere possit, uel minus fortasse 
utilem, aut non multo nece{{s}}sariam: Arbitror t{{~|ame}}n in eo u{{~|est}}re M{{~|aiesta}}ti
me non ingratum obsequium facturum, si modo meis hisce
scriptis, a uera diametrali depictione i{{s}}tius loci non prorsus 
aberrauero:

Imprimis ita{{que}} ser{{~|enissi}}me Rex, dum per Poloniam, a ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} iter uersus Moldauiam ingreditur, plana est terra,
at{{que}} rebus uictui nece{{s}}sarijs acc{{om}}modati{{s}}{{s}}ima, montibus, et 
alpibus minime impedita, donec {{per}} Russiam propemodum de{{s}}ertam,
us{{que}} Leopolim ciuitatem metropolitanam Russi{{e}} insignem, qu{{e}} 
a quinquaginta passibus, aut milliaribus ab ipsa ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} di{{s}}tat, at{{que}} non adeo procul a confinibus Regni 
Moldaui{{e}} sita, peruenitur: Illic Arx in excellenti monte huic 
ciuitati coniuncta e{{s}}t muniti{{s}}sima, utra{{que}} ad Regem Poloni{{e}} 
spectan{{~|s}}: unde non longe duo {{s}}unt flumina satis profunda, et 
lati{{s}}sima, Ne{{s}}tor, et Moldauia, a quo flumine Moldauo Regnum 
i{{s}}tud imprimis nomen accepit: Qu{{e}} quidem flumina, antea{{quam}}
uer{{eae}} terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} met{{eae}} attingantur, traijcere oportet: Tandem non
longo itineris interuallo Moldaui{{eae}} limites inijciuntur, at{{que}} recto&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j30c3p5sbhcskwh6l7w6avtobhofzc0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>276913</id>
      <parentid>276901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T11:16:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>276913</origin>
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      <text bytes="1758" sha1="s0v9yzqf7yofmokek4rj7hgpf9zemxa" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Initiummagnum|S|2.5em}}acratissime Rex Domine, D{{~|omi}}ne clementissime: statui Maiestati u{{~|est}}r{{eae}}
pro eiu{{s}}dem de{{s}}iderio, at{{que}} meo qualiqun{{que}} 
ingenio, et 
experentia totius terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} situm, et ambitum breui quodam 
comp{{en}}dio {{p̄|r{{eae}}{{s}}e}}ntibus de{{s}}cribere, ut eo maiorem u{{~|est}}ra M{{~|aies}}tas illius 
cognitionem, et iudicium, quantum temporis huius angustia 
calamo complecti liceat, habere possit, uel minus fortasse 
utilem, aut non multo nece{{s}}sariam: Arbitror t{{~|ame}}n in eo u{{~|est}}re M{{~|aiesta}}ti
me non ingratum obsequium facturum, si modo meis hisce
scriptis, a uera diametrali depictione i{{s}}tius loci non prorsus 
aberrauero:

Imprimis ita{{que}} ser{{~|enissi}}me Rex, dum per Poloniam, a ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} iter uersus Moldauiam ingreditur, plana est terra,
at{{que}} rebus uictui nece{{s}}sarijs acc{{om}}modati{{s}}{{s}}ima, montibus, et 
alpibus minime impedita, donec {{per}} Russiam propemodum de{{s}}ertam,
us{{que}} Leopolim ciuitatem metropolitanam Russi{{e}} insignem, qu{{e}} 
a quinquaginta passibus, aut milliaribus ab ipsa ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} di{{s}}tat, at{{que}} non adeo procul a confinibus Regni 
Moldaui{{e}} sita, peruenitur: Illic Arx in excellenti monte huic 
ciuitati coniuncta e{{s}}t muniti{{s}}sima, utra{{que}} ad Regem Poloni{{e}} 
spectan{{~|s}}: unde non longe duo {{s}}unt flumina satis profunda, et 
lati{{s}}sima, Ne{{s}}tor, et Moldauia, a quo flumine Moldauo Regnum 
i{{s}}tud imprimis nomen accepit: Qu{{e}} quidem flumina, antea{{quam}}
uer{{eae}} terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} met{{eae}} attingantur, traijcere oportet: Tandem non
longo itineris interuallo Moldaui{{eae}} limites inijciuntur, at{{que}} recto&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>276915</id>
      <parentid>276913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T11:36:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="1758" sha1="o607lgrkb3ndjy8iqzr2pju4qi5kcdb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Initiummagnum|S|2.5em}}acratissime Rex Domine, D{{~|omi}}ne clementissime: statui Maiestati u{{~|est}}r{{eae}}
pro eiu{{s}}dem de{{s}}iderio, at{{que}} meo qualicun{{que}} 
ingenio, et 
experentia totius terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} situm, et ambitum breui quodam 
comp{{en}}dio {{p̄|r{{eae}}{{s}}e}}ntibus de{{s}}cribere, ut eo maiorem u{{~|est}}ra M{{~|aies}}tas illius 
cognitionem, et iudicium, quantum temporis huius angustia 
calamo complecti liceat, habere possit, uel minus fortasse 
utilem, aut non multo nece{{s}}sariam: Arbitror t{{~|ame}}n in eo u{{~|est}}re M{{~|aiesta}}ti
me non ingratum obsequium facturum, si modo meis hisce
scriptis, a uera diametrali depictione i{{s}}tius loci non prorsus 
aberrauero:

Imprimis ita{{que}} ser{{~|enissi}}me Rex, dum per Poloniam, a ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} iter uersus Moldauiam ingreditur, plana est terra,
at{{que}} rebus uictui nece{{s}}sarijs acc{{om}}modati{{s}}{{s}}ima, montibus, et 
alpibus minime impedita, donec {{per}} Russiam propemodum de{{s}}ertam,
us{{que}} Leopolim ciuitatem metropolitanam Russi{{e}} insignem, qu{{e}} 
a quinquaginta passibus, aut milliaribus ab ipsa ciuitate 
Cracouien{{~|si}} di{{s}}tat, at{{que}} non adeo procul a confinibus Regni 
Moldaui{{e}} sita, peruenitur: Illic Arx in excellenti monte huic 
ciuitati coniuncta e{{s}}t muniti{{s}}sima, utra{{que}} ad Regem Poloni{{e}} 
spectan{{~|s}}: unde non longe duo {{s}}unt flumina satis profunda, et 
lati{{s}}sima, Ne{{s}}tor, et Moldauia, a quo flumine Moldauo Regnum 
i{{s}}tud imprimis nomen accepit: Qu{{e}} quidem flumina, antea{{quam}}
uer{{eae}} terr{{eae}} Moldaui{{eae}} met{{eae}} attingantur, traijcere oportet: Tandem non
longo itineris interuallo Moldaui{{eae}} limites inijciuntur, at{{que}} recto&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu/2</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85219</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276894</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:04:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '&lt;!--f.11v--&gt; tramite totius regni Moldavie ambitus per longitudinem iusto calculo  emetitus, usque ad alpes transylvanas, ubi illius terre finalis meta  est, et ultima, ad sexaginta et quatuor milliaria hungarica se  extendit: inde per dictas alpes, et asperam admodum, atque saxosam  strictamque viam, qua vix dum currus unicus procedere commode  potest, per unum, et alterum diem non multo labore ad civitatem  Brassoviensem, que montibus prope...</comment>
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      <text bytes="1562" sha1="10mmus37s9hy9u4h9eq4dz217v9mk5l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--f.11v--&gt;
tramite totius regni Moldavie ambitus per longitudinem iusto calculo 
emetitus, usque ad alpes transylvanas, ubi illius terre finalis meta 
est, et ultima, ad sexaginta et quatuor milliaria hungarica se 
extendit: inde per dictas alpes, et asperam admodum, atque saxosam 
strictamque viam, qua vix dum currus unicus procedere commode 
potest, per unum, et alterum diem non multo labore ad civitatem 
Brassoviensem, que montibus prope est, applicatur ad transylvaniam.

Est autem ista regio Moldavia satis amena et planissima, atque 
vallibus, et oppidis, et villis undequaque copiosissima, nullis tamen 
arcibus, aut civitatibus, demta unica arce ''Czyczowa'' appellata,
precincta muris, sed sola fluminibus quasi, a natura aptis 
munita, in qua regione nil decesse cernitur, quod vel ad humanum 
usum, aut delitias spectare videatur, quandoquidem et vinearum 
promontoria, item frugum et agrorum undecunque, et victualibus 
omnibus felicissima, et refertissima, imo piscinarum, lacunarum, 
et paludum longe locupletissima, adeo ut nihil magis ad vite 
necessitatem, a mortalibus unquam desiderari possit:

Preterea in eadem Regione Moldaviense sunt montana, et aureis, 
et argenteis fodinis ditissima, que nullo labore intermisso non
sine magno fructu, et commodo coluntur in dies.

Verum illic populus est barbarus, et agrestis, tamen rebus
militaribus, et bellicis, suo more satis insigniter instructus, qui fidem
Divi Pauli hactenus ab initio non sine summa veneratione, et 
devotione coluere: illic quoque diverse religiones, et secte habentur,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>276905</id>
      <parentid>276894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:44:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276905</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1820" sha1="4sq5lmmca05p7x17pgdli4f3u4cx9pe" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;tramite totius Regni Moldaui{{eae}} ambitus {{per}} longitudinem iu{{s}}to calculo 
emetitus, us{{que}} ad alpes transyluanas, ubi illius terr{{eae}} finalis meta 
e{{s}}t, et ultima, ad sexaginta et quatuor milliaria hungarica se 
extendit: inde per dictas alpes, et asperam admod{{um}}, at{{que}} saxosam, 
strictam{{que}} uiam, qua uixdum currus unicus procedere c{{om}}mode 
pote{{s}}t, per unum, et alterum diem non multo labore ad ciuitatem 
Bra{{s}}{{s}}ouien{{~|sem}}, qu{{eae}} montibus prope e{{s}}t, applicatur ad transyluaniam.

Est autem i{{s}}ta regio Moldauia satis amena, et plani{{s}}{{s}}ima, at{{que}} 
uallibus, et oppidis, et uillis undequa{{que}} copio{{s}}i{{s}}{{s}}ima, nullis tamen 
arcibus, aut ciuitatibus, demta unica arce Czyczowa appellata,
pr{{eae}}cincta muris, sed sola fluminibus quasi, a natura aptis 
munita, in qua regione nil dee{{s}}{{s}}e cernitur, quod uel ad humanum 
usum, aut delitias spectare uideatur, quandoquid{{em}} et uinea{{rum}} 
promontoria, item frugum, et agror{{um}} undecun{{que}}, et uictualibus 
omnibus felici{{s}}{{s}}ima, et referti{{s}}{{s}}ima, imo pi{{s}}cinar{{um}}, lacunar{{um}}, 
et paludum longe locupleti{{s}}sima, adeo ut nihil magis ad uit{{eae}} 
nece{{s}}sitatem, a mortalibus un{{quam}} de{{s}}iderari po{{s}}sit:

Pr{{eae}}terea in eadem Regione Moldauien{{~|si}} {{s}}unt montana, et aureis, 
et argenteis fodinis diti{{s}}{{s}}ima, qu{{eae}} nullo labore intermi{{s}}{{s}}o non
{{s}}ine magno fructu, et commodo coluntur in dies.

Verum illic populus e{{s}}t barbarus, et agre{{s}}tis, tamen rebus
militaribus, et bellicis, suo more satis in{{s}}igniter in{{s}}tructus, qui fidem
Diui Pauli hactenus ab initio non {{s}}ine s{{um}}ma ueneratione, et 
deuotione coluere: illic quo{{que}} diuers{{eae}} religiones, et {{s}}ect{{eae}} habentur,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu/3</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85220</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276895</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:04:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens '&lt;!--f.13r--&gt; utpote Ruthenorum, Bascianorum, Armenorum, Bulgarorum et  Tartarorum atque etiam non minima pars Saxonum, Ch.ranorum(?) terram hanc passim inhabitat, imperio eiusdem Wayvode Moldaviensi  subiecti sunt: unaqueque autem natio suis legibus, et ritibus utitur  et fruitur pro suo libito: eodemque modo monachi ipsi Christiani religionem profitentes sacris suis officiis et ceremoniis iuxta  ecclesie, atque oridinis constitutionem potiun...</comment>
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      <text bytes="1537" sha1="h5zdut6zp06c07b9j4ez29y40g7dzy1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--f.13r--&gt;
utpote Ruthenorum, Bascianorum, Armenorum, Bulgarorum et 
Tartarorum atque etiam non minima pars Saxonum, Ch.ranorum(?) terram
hanc passim inhabitat, imperio eiusdem Wayvode Moldaviensi 
subiecti sunt: unaqueque autem natio suis legibus, et ritibus utitur 
et fruitur pro suo libito: eodemque modo monachi ipsi Christiani
religionem profitentes sacris suis officiis et ceremoniis iuxta 
ecclesie, atque oridinis constitutionem potiuntur libere: Hic summa 
subditorum erga Principem Moldavum obedientia, atque 
deliquentium gravissima, et extrema correctio et emendatio.

Ut autem Maiestas vestra cognoscere possit per quam viam,
et per que flumina gens illa turcica ad regnum Moldavie, et deinde
Transylvaniam ingredi queant, quantum meo, et aliorum iudicio 
liquet Vestre Maiestati designare, non video commodiorem eorumdem
Turcorum accessum ad Moldoviam, quam ex Nicopoli Civitate, que
ripis Danubis proxima est, recta traiicere Danubium, atque 
tandem non multis passibus per alia duo flumina prescripta non dispari
magnitudine existente, que toti huic Regioni suo meatu undequaque
circumferuntur, non nisi navali presidio pervenire posse ingentibus,
cum curis, tum laboribus: Quoniam Moldavus ipse, qui 
quotidianum alit exercitum, paratum quemlibet portum predictorum 
fluminum, si modo de hostium adventu avisatus fuerit antea, facile
occupare poterit.

Demum ex Moldavia per alpes predictas que civitati Brassoviensi 
contigue sunt, ipsi Turci ad Transylvaniam progressum suum habere 
possunt non difficilem.

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>276910</id>
      <parentid>276895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T11:04:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276910</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1943" sha1="eod47nvk27lo4fcne4eex142dtinlky" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;utpote Ruthenor{{um}}, Ba{{s}}cianor{{um}}, Armenior{{um}}, Bulgaror{{um}} et 
Tartarorum, at{{que}} et{{~|iam}} non minima pars Saxonum Chr{{~|isti}}ano{{rum}} terram h{{an}}c 
pa{{s}}sim inhabitat, imperio eiu{{s}}dem Wayuod{{eae}} Moldauien{{~|si}} 
{{s}}ubiecti {{s}}unt: unaqu{{eae}}{{que}} aut{{~|em}} natio {{s}}uis legibus, et ritibus utitur, 
et fruitur pro suo libito: eodem{{que}} modo monachi ipsi Chri{{s}}tiani
religionem profitentes sacris suis officijs, et ceremonijs iuxta 
eccl{{~|es}}i{{eae}}, at{{que}} ordinis con{{s}}titutionem potiuntur libere: Hic {{s}}umma 
subditor{{um}} erga Principem Moldau{{um}} obedientia, at{{que}} 
deliquentium graui{{s}}{{s}}ima, et extrema correctio, et emendatio.

Ut aut{{~|em}} M{{~|aies}}tas u{{~|est}}ra cogno{{s}}cere po{{s}}sit per qu{{am}} uiam, et per qu{{eae}} 
flumina gens illa Turcica ad Regn{{um}} Moldaui{{eae}}, et deinde
Transyluaniam ingredi queant, quant{{um}} meo, et alior{{um}} iudicio 
liquet v{{~|est}}r{{eae}} M{{~|aiesta}}ti designare, non uideo c{{om}}modiorem eorundem
Turcor{{um}} acce{{s}}{{s}}um ad Moldouiam, {{quam}} ex Nicapoli ciuitate, qu{{eae}}
ripis Danubij proxima e{{s}}t, recta traijcere Danubium, at{{que}} 
tandem non multis pa{{s}}sibus per alia duo flumina {{p̄|r{{eae}}}}{{s}}cripta n{{on}} di{{s}}pari
magnitudine existen{{~|te}}, qu{{eae}} toti huic Regioni {{s}}uo meatu undequa{{que}}
circumferun{{tur}}, non ni{{s}}i nauali pre{{s}}idio peruenire po{{s}}{{s}}e ingentibus,
c{{um}} curis, tum laboribus: Quoniam Moldauus ip{{s}}e, qui 
quotidianum alit exercitum, paratum quemlibet portum pr{{eae}}dictor{{um}} 
fluminum, si modo de ho{{s}}tium aduentu aui{{s}}atus fuerit antea, facile
occupare poterit:

Demum ex Moldauia {{per}} alpe{{s}} pr{{eae}}dictas, qu{{eae}} ciuitati Brassouien{{~|si}} 
contigu{{eae}} {{s}}unt, ip{{s}}i Turci ad Tran{{s}}yluaniam progre{{s}}{{s}}{{um}} su{{um}} habere 
po{{s}}{{s}}unt non difficilem.

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>276911</id>
      <parentid>276910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T11:05:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>276911</origin>
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      <text bytes="1944" sha1="os4b6iapt0bif1lmmo6f6le8ahg5rbn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;utpote Ruthenor{{um}}, Ba{{s}}cianor{{um}}, Armenior{{um}}, Bulgaror{{um}} et 
Tartarorum, at{{que}} et{{~|iam}} non minima pars Saxonum Chr{{~|isti}}ano{{rum}} terram h{{an}}c 
pa{{s}}sim inhabitat, imperio eiu{{s}}dem Wayuod{{eae}} Moldauien{{~|sis}} 
{{s}}ubiecti {{s}}unt: unaqu{{eae}}{{que}} aut{{~|em}} natio {{s}}uis legibus, et ritibus utitur, 
et fruitur pro suo libito: eodem{{que}} modo monachi ipsi Chri{{s}}tiani
religionem profitentes sacris suis officijs, et ceremonijs iuxta 
eccl{{~|es}}i{{eae}}, at{{que}} ordinis con{{s}}titutionem potiuntur libere: Hic {{s}}umma 
subditor{{um}} erga Principem Moldau{{um}} obedientia, at{{que}} 
deliquentium graui{{s}}{{s}}ima, et extrema correctio, et emendatio.

Ut aut{{~|em}} M{{~|aies}}tas u{{~|est}}ra cogno{{s}}cere po{{s}}sit per qu{{am}} uiam, et per qu{{eae}} 
flumina gens illa Turcica ad Regn{{um}} Moldaui{{eae}}, et deinde
Transyluaniam ingredi queant, quant{{um}} meo, et alior{{um}} iudicio 
liquet v{{~|est}}r{{eae}} M{{~|aiesta}}ti designare, non uideo c{{om}}modiorem eorundem
Turcor{{um}} acce{{s}}{{s}}um ad Moldouiam, {{quam}} ex Nicapoli ciuitate, qu{{eae}}
ripis Danubij proxima e{{s}}t, recta traijcere Danubium, at{{que}} 
tandem non multis pa{{s}}sibus per alia duo flumina {{p̄|r{{eae}}}}{{s}}cripta n{{on}} di{{s}}pari
magnitudine existen{{~|te}}, qu{{eae}} toti huic Regioni {{s}}uo meatu undequa{{que}}
circumferun{{tur}}, non ni{{s}}i nauali pre{{s}}idio peruenire po{{s}}{{s}}e ingentibus,
c{{um}} curis, tum laboribus: Quoniam Moldauus ip{{s}}e, qui 
quotidianum alit exercitum, paratum quemlibet portum pr{{eae}}dictor{{um}} 
fluminum, si modo de ho{{s}}tium aduentu aui{{s}}atus fuerit antea, facile
occupare poterit:

Demum ex Moldauia {{per}} alpe{{s}} pr{{eae}}dictas, qu{{eae}} ciuitati Brassouien{{~|si}} 
contigu{{eae}} {{s}}unt, ip{{s}}i Turci ad Tran{{s}}yluaniam progre{{s}}{{s}}{{um}} su{{um}} habere 
po{{s}}{{s}}unt non difficilem.

{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu/4</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>85221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276896</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:04:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'Ex maiori Walachia scilicet transalpina Turci ipsi per Rubeam Turrim, que sub alpibus prope Danubium cum quodam fortalicio  seu propugnaculo munitissimo sita est, atque ingentibus montibus  circumsepta, perque tam angustam viam et saxosam, ut ne  quidem equus unus pedetentim satis commode incedere queat,  penetrare coguntur magna cum difficultate, ubi sedulo ipsi  Cibinienses suas excubias necessarias tenere solent ob insperatum hostium  quan...</comment>
      <origin>276896</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="853" sha1="1zoh6u7i88ec4i47o4o8buayfiov6d5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;Ex maiori Walachia scilicet transalpina Turci ipsi per Rubeam
Turrim, que sub alpibus prope Danubium cum quodam fortalicio 
seu propugnaculo munitissimo sita est, atque ingentibus montibus 
circumsepta, perque tam angustam viam et saxosam, ut ne 
quidem equus unus pedetentim satis commode incedere queat, 
penetrare coguntur magna cum difficultate, ubi sedulo ipsi 
Cibinienses suas excubias necessarias tenere solent ob insperatum hostium 
quandoque accesum.

Hec sunt Serenissime Rex, que non alieno testimonio, sed propria 
rerum experentia Vestre Maiestati de situ terre Moldaviensis
describere constitui: et si nonnulla minus fortasse approbata fuerint,
Vestra Maiestas ea in singularem Regiam emendationem suam 
referre, et conscribere dignetur gratiose: in cuius gratiam 
mea semper fidelia servitia iterum atque iterum quam humillime 
commendo.&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>276912</id>
      <parentid>276896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T11:13:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
      <origin>276912</origin>
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      <text bytes="1075" sha1="o12lpxylt0xoe31fxj4wd6f05718sk6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;Ex maiori Walachia scilicet tran{{s}}alpina Turci ipsi {{per}} Rubeam
Turrim, qu{{eae}} sub alpibus prope Danubium c{{um}} quodam fortalicio, 
seu propugnaculo muniti{{s}}{{s}}imo {{s}}ita e{{s}}t, at{{que}} ingentibus m{{on}}tibus 
circum{{s}}epta, {{per}}{{que}} tam angu{{s}}tam uiam, et saxosam, ut ne 
quidem equus unus pedetentim satis c{{om}}mode incedere queat, 
penetrare coguntur magna c{{um}} difficultate, ubi sedulo ip{{s}}i 
Cibinien{{s}}es suas excubias nece{{s}}{{s}}arias tenere solent ob insperat{{um}} ho{{s}}ti{{um}} 
quando{{que}} acce{{s}}{{s}}um:

H{{eae}}c sunt ser{{~|enissi}}me Rex, qu{{eae}} non alieno te{{s}}timonio, {{s}}ed propria 
rerum experentia v{{~|est}}r{{eae}} M{{~|aiesta}}ti de {{s}}itu terr{{eae}} Moldauien{{~|sis}} describere 
con{{s}}titui: et si nonnulla minus forta{{s}}{{s}}e approbata fuerint,
v{{~|est}}ra M{{~|aies}}tas ea in singularem Regiam emendationem suam 
referre, et con{{s}}cribere dignetur gratio{{s}}e: in cuius gratiam 
mea {{s}}em{{per}} fidelia seruitia iterum at{{que}} iter{{um}} {{quam}} humillime 
commendo.&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moldavia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>85222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>276897</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T10:08:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '{{titulus |Scriptor       = &lt;!--Ignotus--&gt; |OperaeTitulus  = Moldavia |SubTitulus     =  |Annus          = s. XV |Editio         = Ms. Vat.Lat. 3922, ff.12r–13v |Recensor       =  |Liber          = Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu |Genera         = Geographia }}  &lt;pages index=&quot;Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu&quot; from=1 to=4 /&gt;'</comment>
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      <text bytes="336" sha1="8f0ufvh7yigfmu7et5ezmlsq2wpmhzk" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus
|Scriptor       = &lt;!--Ignotus--&gt;
|OperaeTitulus  = Moldavia
|SubTitulus     = 
|Annus          = s. XV
|Editio         = Ms. Vat.Lat. 3922, ff.12r–13v
|Recensor       = 
|Liber          = Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu
|Genera         = Geographia
}}

&lt;pages index=&quot;Moldavia (Val.lat.3922 f.12-13).djvu&quot; from=1 to=4 /&gt;</text>
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